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DICTIONARY 

OF 



NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY 



Harris Henry I. 



DICTIONARY 



OF 



NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY 



KPITED BY. 

LESLIE STEPHEN 

AND 

SIDNEY LEE 



VOL. XXV. 
Harris Henry I. 



MACMILLAN AND CO. 

LONDON : SMITH, ELDER, & [CO. 
1891 



D4 



V. -V- 




^//fif 



(: ^.. 1 1 



' .1 ' 



LIST OF WBITEES 



IN THE TWENTY-FIFTH VOLUME. 



B. E. A. . . R. £. Ansbbson. 
W. A. J. A. W. A. J. Abchbold. 

O. F. B. B. G. F. RD88KLL Butxu. 

B. B Tbb Bst. Bohald Batnb. 

T. B. .... Thomas Bathh. 
O. T. B. . . Q. T. Bbttajct. 

A. C. B . . A. C. BiCKUT. 

B. H. B. . . Trb L4TB Bkv. B. H. Blacub. 
e. C. B. . . O. G. BoABB. 

O. S. B. . . O. S. Boclobb. 

E. T. B. . . M188 Bbaslbt. 
A. H. B. . . A. H. Buzxsh. 
£. C-K. . . . BowiN Caknak. 

H. M. C. . . H, UAmrBBS Cbicubvteb. 

A. H. C. . . MuB A. 2f. Clbbu. 

T. C Thohfson Coopbb, F.S.A. 

W. P. C. . . W. P. COCBTNBT. 

CO ChaBLBS CsBIOHTONr MJ>. 

L. C LioHBL Gust. F^.A. 

A. D Acniif D0B8ON. 

B. D BOBBBT DlTNLOP. 

C. H. F. . . C. H. FiBTH. 

X O- F. . . J. G. FOTHKRIHQHAM. 

W. H. F. . . Thb Hox. and Rbt. Camoh Fbb- 

MAITTLB. 

F. J. F. . . Db. F. J. FUBNITALL. 

8. R. G. . . S. B. Oabdines, LL.!). 



B. G Richard Gabnbtt, LL.D. 

J. T. G. . . J. T. Gilbert, F.S.A. 

G. G GoRDOK GooDwnr. 

A. G Thb Ret. Aukundbb Gobdoh. 

R. £. G.. . . R. £. Gbatxs. 

J. M. G. . . J. M. Gray. 

W. A. G. . . W. A. Grbbnhill, H.D. 

J. A. H. . . J. A, Hakhook. 

W. J. H-T.. W. J. Hardt. 

R. H Robsbt Harrudit. 

A. H Albert Habtshorne. 

T. F. H. . . T. F. HENDEBflON. 

R. H-R. . . Thb Ret. Richabo Hooper. 
W, H. ... Thb Ret. Wiluaii Hokt. 

B. D. J. . . B. D. Jacuoh. 
T. £. J. . . T. Etan Jacob. 
T. B. J. . . T. B. JoHMaroHB. 

B. J. J. . . . The Ret. R. Jrmum Jombs. 

H. G. K. . . H. G. Kbene, C.I.E. 

G. L. K. . . 0. L. EiNosFORD. 

J. E Joseph Kmioht. 

J. K. L. . . PBonasoR J. K. Lauostoh. 

S. L. L. . . SiDNBT Lee. 

H. R. L. . . The Ret. H. R. Luabd, 
DJ). 

J. A. F. M. J. A. Fuller Haitland, 

E. H. M. . . £u E. Marshall. 



VI List of Writers. 

C. T. M. . . C. Thick Maktik, F.S.A. 

L. H. Bf . . . MlM MiDDLKTOK. 

A. H. M. . . A. fl. Millar. 

CM COSVO MONKUODSK. 

K. M NoitHAN MooRK, ALD. 

W. B. M.. . W. R. MoKFiLL. 

O. F. M-T.. O. P. MORIABTY. 

J. B. M. . . J. BAiis MuLLisaER. 

A. N AiABRT Nicholson. 

F. M. O'D. . V. M. ODOMOOHUK. 

8. P. 0. . . Capt. S. Pasfibld Olitbb. F.S.A. 

J. H. O. . . Thk Rrt. Canon Otkbton. 

J. F. P J. K I'ATN-K, M.D. 

N. D. F. P. N. D. V. Pearcb. 

O. a. P. . . Tu Rkt. Canon Ferbt. 

B. L. P. . . Bbciin-ald L. Foolr. 

B. P MI88 PORTKR. 

W, Br-L. . . ThrKkv. William Kkynell.B.D, 
J. M. R. . . J. M. Rmo. 

C. J. B.. . . The Rkv. C. J. Robiksos. 



J. R 

W. S 

L. C. S. . . 
J. H. S. . . 
B. F. S. . . 

L. 8 

0. W. 8. . . 

J. T 

H. B. T. . . 
F, St. J. T. 

E. V. . . .,. 

B. H. V. . . 

A. V 

M. G. W. . . 

F. W-T. . . 

C. W-H. . . 

C. W 

J. W-s. . . . 
W. W. . . . 



Frofibsob Jaxrs Bowlry. 
Thr Re V. Frofbswb Sahbat. D .D. 
L, C. Sanders. 
J. M. Scott. 

B. Fabqctharsok Soarp. 
Lmlir Stefhkn. 

C. W. SUTTOK. 

James Tait. 

H. B. Tbddrr. 

The Bet. F. St. Jobn Tkacuebat. 

Thr Bet. Canon Trnables. 

CoLONBL Vetch, BE. 

Alsaoer Viak. 

The Bet. M. G. Wateiub. 

Francis Watt. 

Cha&lrs Welch. 

Charles Wklbh. 

Jambs Williams. 

Warwick Wroth. F.S.A. 



DICTIONARY 



OF 



NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY 



Harris 



Harris 



HARRIS, AUGCSTrS GLOSSOP 

(IM25-1H73), actor ami miumger, was boni 
at Portici, Naples, ISJune 1825. IIis motliL'r 
was Mrs. Olossop, known on the opiratie 
w Madame Feron. Jlin father, Jo- 
i Gloeaop, built, tho Coburg Tlit;aMt% now 
Bown aa tne Victoria, and was at various 
aeii manager of La Scala, Milan, ant.1 iSun 
irlo in Naples. His first oppearancti on tbij 
> was made in America, at about tbo ago 
height, aa a fairy coachman in (he opera of 
ITintlerella.' He played with Itobson at the 
toWMr TbL'atn? in Stangale, and apppared as 
Dobbinerton Ditprez in a farce at t be Princesa's 
beatre, under tne management of J. M. Mad- 
ox. After the retirement of Charles Kean 
from the Princess's Harris became the mana- 
He opened, 'Ji Sept. 1853, with Oxen- 
•tl's adaniatiun ' Ivy Ilall.' He intnxluced 

rle6^UbertFechter[q.v.] to London. His 

Buuu;ement closed Iti Oct. lti(32. Harris ia 
principally 1nio^«~n a;* a mnnagrrof om^m and 
uuUet. He had au admirable eve fort.-olourimd 
great capacity for atage arrangement. AVith 
the stage and general management of Covent 
Gmrden be was connected, withonly one break, 
for twenty-seven years, and he undertook the 
stage direction of ujwra in St. Petersburg, 
Madrid, Paris, Berlin, and Barcelona. During 
the last four years of Itis life be gave Christ^ 
mas spectacles at Corent Garden. He died 
un ly April 1873, at 2 Bedford Place, W.C., 
waa buried on the 2&th at Brompton 
etery. Ho married, 17 Feb. 1846, ftlaria 
. Bone, who sur^'ivea him. Two daugh- 
», Ellen and Maria, and two sons, Augua- 
I and Charles, Iiave been connected with 
ihm Itage. Augustus Harris the younger has 
i known for •ome yean as the manager 

XXT, 




of Dmiy Lane Theatre-, the Royal Italian 
Opera, Cuvent Garden, and other places. 

[Km newf]iaper, 27 April 1873; privtite tn- 
formatioo.] J. JC. 

HARRIS,CHAULEaAMYAND(1813- 
1874), bi«hop of (Jibraltar, lliird fi^tm of Jameff 
lildward Harris, second curl of Malmeaburyi 
who died 10 Sept. IhJl, by Harriet Susan, 
daughter of Francis Buteman Da^hwooil of 
Well Vale, Lincolnshire, was born at Christ- 
church, Hampshire, 4 Aup. 1813; his elder 
brother, James Howard,third earl of Malmus- 
bury, ia separately noticed. He matricu- 
lated from Oriel College, Oxford, 5 May 
18ai, graduated B.A. 1835, and M.A. 183/. 
He wa-s fellow of All Souls* College 1836-7. 
In 1834 be was entered as a student of the 
Inner Temple, but changing his mind was 
ordained deacon in 1836 and priest in 1837. 
He acte<3 as rector of Shaftesbury, Willahire, 
during 1839^0. In the latter v'^r he was 
appointed to the rectory of Wilton in the 
same county, which had attached to it th& 
rectory of Bulbridge and the vicarage of 
Ditchampton. On 10 Aug. 1841 be was no- 
minated prebendary of Chardfitock in Salis- 
burv Cathedral, and modeadomejitic chaplain 
to the bishop of the diocese. His health tailed 
in 1848, when he realgned his livings. After 
some years of rest he became in 1850 the 
perpetual curate of Kownbanu, Southamp- 
ton, where Lord Herbert, in conjunction with 
the widow of Major Colt, had built a new 
parish church. In 1863 he succeeded the 
Uev. Henry Drury [q. v.] as archdeacon of 
Wilts, when he was also made vicar of Brem- 
hiU-with-Highway, near Chippenham. Here 
he remained an active parish priest and a co- 



Harris 



Harris 



ttdjutor to his bishop until 1B69, when he wiu> 
buiuinM.ted to the bishopric of Gibraltar, and 
consecrAt«(l on 1 May. His kindly manner, 
1u8 gentle btinrinf;:, bin knowled^ of lan- 

aBS, and his long exp*Tii^nce 6tlt'J him 
is new duties. Ai Oibralliir he ontewd 
bwrnily iut't Via work, of which he more thnn 
oncti f!uve an account at thf mof-tinfrs of the 
Si»ciely fortho Propapalion oftheGospel. In 
I H7'J he was attook'^l by fever, and ret urning 
to England resig^ied his bishopric in October 
1S7.'J, and *ettlwl ot Torquay, where he died 
on HJ March 1874,andwa'* buried at Bremhill 
on HI March by the side of his wife. By his 
will hu left conttidernble sums to e])i!fLCo]>al 
societieit, be-^itles legacies to his rtdutives. 

Harris married, 2t) May 1KJ7, Kuthertne 
I.ucia, yniingest daufrhter of Sir Edward 
O'Brien, ban. She died at nrcmhiU vicftragu 
81 Jan. 1805. Bv her he had an only mn, 
Jamvs Edward llarris, who died in child- 
hood. Harris was the author of 'One Uiile 
and One Mind,' a sermun, IBtl. 

[SiiliobiirT itad 'V/inchwt<>r Journal, 21 March 
1S74. p. ft :" Ouarlian, 25 M-ircli 1874, p. 3.=)o; 
liluHtmcotl I.ondr.n Now*;, 4 April 1S74. p. 33! ; 
W. U. Jnnet'B F«sti Bcclosiae Sarisburiensis, 
lH79,pp. 177.372; Lurd MaliuaHbury'a Memoirs 
~An ex-Mtni8tor.] G. C. B. 

HARRIS, FR.\XOIS, M.D. (1839-1885), 
ibysieian, son of a hat manutacturer, woa 

irn on I Dec. I82fl at Winchester Row, 
Si^iithwark, and was baptised in .St. Saviour's, 
Southwnrk. Hewasnducat^'d at King:'sCol- 
lepc, Ijondon, and at Coins College. Ciira- 
bridgi". where he gradiinted B.A. in If^'i^jand, 
after tiludyiiiif medicine al St. Bartholonu'wV 
liospital, M.B. in lHr>4. (fe lived fora time 
in Umy'n Inn, and in November IKfitl l>ecame 
houf>e-<>\ir(reon to the Cliildren's Hospital in 
Great Ormond Street, London. In 1H57 he 
became a member of the Colh^ of Physi- 
cians, and soon after went to continue bis 
studies, first in Paris, and afterwards, under 
Virchow, in Berlin, Aiter a year abroad his 
forci^ studies concluded with a short visit 
to Prague and Vienna, and on bis return to 
London lia took to the practice of ntstetrics, 
because be could see no other opiHiriunity of 
practice; but in IHoH be was elected demon- 
strator of morbid anatomy at St. Bartholo- 
mew's Hospital, and in May 1850 assistant- 
phvsieian to the Children's Hospital in (Jivat 
Ormond Stroot. In that year he took hit* M.D. 
degree at Cambridge. U\a thesis, which was 
published, was * On the Noturo of the Sub- 
stance found in the .-Vmyloid Degeneration 
of Various Organs of the Human Body.' In 
this he described two coses of amyloid disease 
of the liver and two of the kidneys, which 
were the only cases ho had met with in sixty 



( 



i 



post-mortems made at St. Bartholomew's; 
these were the ^nt elaborate descriptions of 
the disease by an Englixh morbid anatomi&l. 
1 lf< attained some reputation from this work, 
and never published any other. In 1801 he 
aban<loued midwifcrv and was elected assist- 
aut-phy&icion to St. Uarlholomew'B Hospital, 
and in the same year lecturer on botany : and 
in August IHtU married Ids second cousin, 
Marianne Harris. In 186.5 he bought an 
estate at Lamborhurst, Kent, a district he had 
liked from boyhood, and here many guests and 
all hifl neighbours used to enjoy his kindlv 
hosi)itality and pithy conversation. He cul- 
tivated pineapples, oranges, and orchids. A 
dendrobmm and a calanthe, hybrids which 
he produced, are (tailed after him. He b«4came 
subject to bTOm:hitis, resigned his physiciancy 
in 1874, became more and more of a valetu- 
dinarian, catiffht cold while fishing in Hamp- 
jiiiinsuml died at his town house, i!4 Cavendish 
Stiunn/, of pneumonia of both lungs, on SScpt. 
188o. He was buried in the churchyard of 
Brenchley, Kent. His astutenetsa an a phy- 
sician was extraordinary, and his kindness 
to young«!r physicianf* imbounded. His hair 
Ix'gan lo grow grey when he was sixteen, and 
when he was labouring under his fatal illness, 
in the prime of life, he looked an old num. 

[Dr. Gpi>*!t Mi-moir of Harris; St. Bartholo- 
mnw's Hospital Beports, 1&86 ; porsonal know- 
ledge.] N. M. 

HARRIS, GEOnOE (1722-1796). cI-S 
vilian, Ixirn at Westminster in 1 722, was son H 
of.Iohn Harris, bishopof Llnndaff. He matri- 
culated fromOriel College, Oxford, on 2.^ Juno 
I "."IR, aged Ifi, and proceeded B.C.L. 1 7lo, and 
D.C.L. 17")0. At the same time he was ad- 
rail tvd a member of (be College of Advocnt<*«. 
He was chancellor of t he dioceses of 1 hirhnm, 
Hereford, and LUndatf, and commissary of 
Essex, Hertfordfihire, and Surrey. After 
many years' succe.ssfiil practice, ho died iu 
Doctors' Commons on 19 April 1790. Ue 
left a largo fortune, which he distributed 
among public charities, bequeathing 40,(KX)/. 
to St . George's Hospital, and 1 5,0(X)/. toWost- 
minster Lying-in Hospital. 

Harris published an admirable edition of 
Justinian's Institutes, entitled *D. Just imam 
Institutionum Libri quatuor, with an Lug- 
lij*h translation and notes/ London, 1756; 
•Jndedit., 17tJl ; Oxford, IHI I; London, 1&41 
(condensed), and 1844. The translation alone 
aiipeara in D. Na-^mi'th's * Outlines of Uoman 
llifltory,' 1890. l/arria was also author of 
* Ohsen-ationa upon the English Language,* 
I^ndon, 1752, 8vo (anonymou.«). 

[Fosltr'B Alumni Oxon. : Brit. Mns. Cat.; 
(Icat. ICag , 1796 pt. i. pp. 2d8, 437, 1 797 pt. ii. 
p. 715.] a L. L. 



< 



I 



Harris 



Harris 



KARRIS, GEORGE, first Lord IIahris 
of St-'rint^apatam ami Mvsoro (l"4(UlH2iO» 
general, one of several cuildreii of the Ilev. 
Oeiirge Ilarrifi, B.A. Csrobridge, curate of 
Brostcd, Kent, by Kin wife Snriili, duugbter 
of Genrpe Twent yraan of Bniintrtt", Cumber- 
lanJ, wivi Iwjm IB Miirch 17 Ifi. IK* wua wnt 
to Wf}*tminMHr Scbixil, and on 1 Jan. \7'>*J 
wa* entered as acadet at tbelloyal Military 
Academy, W'txilwich, t hmugh the ^od ortin* 
of Lord Gt-orgeSaclivillp. The elder llorrU 
U Mtid to have cnmed the toAting gratitude 
of Sadn-iUe by protecting him ngftinst a no- 
torious pugilistic miller at Cambridge wbfsn 
they were schuolfellows. Young Harris lost 
his father in 1759, and in 1760 pa-ssed out of , 
the academv at* a lieutenant -lire worker in 
thiTfjyal artilltTv, trilli which he served until ! 
17ti:i, wh*?n he wiw appointed to an ensigncy 
intheSih foot. 8(xinaf^er,at imniini>nt riski 
he saved a brotherofficer from di-owniugin the 
riverOuiie. lie became lieutenant in the regi- 
ment in 17<W>,andwas appointed adjutant in 
17117. Th'' "ithwfts then mIr>,4and.nndpopu- 
larlyknownaslhe'Shiners/frnmita ;imart dj>- 
pcarance and attention to parade dftaib<. In 
1768 Harris got leave to travel on the con- 
tinent, *to improve himself in French, riding, 
nnd fencing.' In 1771 he purchased hiscom- 
p.'iny. iind iu 1774 went with the regiment 
\'} AuU'rica. As* captain of llit* gri'rmdier 
company (Lord lUwdon, afterwards Earl of 
'loirn and Marquis of Hastings, being his 
uhaltcrn) he sen'ed under Lord Percy at 
i:xington and at the battle of Itunkorsnill, 
June 1775, whore the 5th suffered ver\- 
cavy lofcs, and Harritt r(,*ct;ived a wound in 
be head, which necessitated trepanning. He 
Kjoined his coriis in July 1770, and fpjm 
"bat time up to Novt-mber 1778 was prt^sent 
[I every engagi*ment,Germantown excepted. 
U Tron llill he wa4 ghot tlirough the h'g. 
ia major he accotnpnni(><l the force sent from 
few York 10 the Wt'st Indiia under f leueral 
James Grant of Boll indaUoeh,andcommandwl 
provlnional battalion of grenadiers at the 
pture of 8t. Lucia. December 1778. He 
Liocond in command under Mi\jor-gon','ral 
Ws>at La Vigie during tliu very gallant 
Ce oft hat post wh'jutheComtedeGras^e 
ptpd to relieve the island. On thJaoc- 

I theoth w<in thetli-^tinctionof weoring 

II whitp fi-athw* in their fusilier cop, 
is fitiU retaine<l. Ife embarkrd with 

ri'gim»-ni aHmarines in 177y,ond waspn?- 
ent in tht> na\al *-ngagi>mt'nt olf Greniula. 
letuming home later in thy vearln a neutral 
^▼e&sel, he was tjiken by a f'nmch privateer 
ad carried to St. Malo, but released onpa- 
olc by the Comte d'06sun,and permitted to 
' to Dover. He married, and in 1760 



became lientenant-coloiifl of the 5th foot. 
Ho was .ship wreck Mil wht'n on hia way to 
Ireland with hid wifu. He communded the 
r(^iment some years in Ireland, where it en- 
joved high repute and popularity (Cansok, 
liuf, Jiec. oth FmtitiWg, pp. 5:?— 1). 

"When the oth vfiis ordered again to Ame- 
rica, llarri-f prt'pured to sell out and settle 
ill (.'iiniidn, hut w&ti di5.><uaded by General 
Mfdowfi, who had ju?it been appointed to tbo 
IJom^Mxy command, and offered to lake Harris 
on his staff. M*?dow9 generously arranged 
nn insurance on llarris'slLfir fur 4,U30/. before 
leaving, far tlie ht.'npfit of his wife and family. 
Harris eflected nn exchange to the 76th foot, 
one of the four new regiments then just 
raised for servicuin India, and asaide-dtM:amp 
and secretary ser\"ed with Medows during 
his tenure uf command at Itumbay, and 
afterwards at Madras. Ho served iu the 
ounpaigns of 17110-1 against Tip{H>o Sahib ; 
commanded the second line in the biittle of 
15 Miiv 17yi, and wa^ engaged inLonlCorn- 
wallis A attack on Tippoo'scampand the island 
of Seringapatam, 6 Feb. 170:i, which ended 
that war (Koss, CormcallU Corrfup. vol. ii. j 
Mill, Hi«t. of India, vol. v.) llatris came 
home with Medows soon after. 1 1 is manage- 
ment OS private secretary of that oflicer's 
concerns was *«> ("uccessful that Meduws re- 
turned with a balance of 40,000/. saved out 
of his emoluments. Harris returned to India 
with his family in 17!)4, and was appointed 
commandant of Fort William. Th« same 
year he became a major-general. In 1790 
he was appointed to the t*tttff at Fort St. 
George, with a seat in council, and local rank 
of lieutenmit-generul. As senior military 
officer prt^sent he commanded the troops In 
the Madras presidency from i79titolKX),and 
administered the civil government as well 
from October 17tt7 to Kobruary 1798. 

In iJecfmber 17flH HnrriA was Aclectod by 
Lord Wellesley to fill the command of fifty 
thoufiaud men collecting to take tlie field iu 
anticipation of 'he h(»stilc designs of Tippoo 
Sahib. The operatii>n-t ended with the elorm 
of Scringapat^im and the death of Tippoo in 
thebreaclion4 May 17nf),andtheannfxattun 
of the My!*ore coiuilrj-. Harris recoi^'ctl the 
tluink* of the government of India in council 
ami of Iwth houses of parliament, and waa 
otit-n'd an Irish title, which h«t declined. He 
wa," aiipointedcnliinelofthe7.*lnlhiglilander« 
in February 1800,in which year he returned 
home.becamealieutenant-geuerulin 1601 ,and 
general in 1812. On 11 Aug. IHlfi he was 
raised to the peerage of the United Kingdom 
under the title of Baron Harris of St-ringapa- 
tam and Mysore, and of Belmont, Kent. He 
was made a O.C.B, Ln 1820, aud governor of 



b:; 



a 



Harris 



H ft man 'A a3»5*«tjwi *!«•«««. tac-j tro:- 
•itvm «yi Hm?i* BAsa.r«, vui la. ^n-aalMr. 

pennr>>aii. H* U »ii v, sat* .*r: i^ ?rji4- 
moiMT to tb* M*l-M z-'^vrLxnazngA ^'.rr. 
of e*ih, at eryfwi<fcrfcft-> w<*-,«al j'a*: ti.- 
thft »cinnial*ti'^<« ';f •.=* btxur f xari 1-sr.z^ 
hu Ma/irM eommawi b^ d,^r.?*^.^ fc=.;c;r 
Tarwtts chari-i«». H* MrT*r:&*irt» *«k i^rtc 
eoiuia^rmbU •«'*»Jtb. LU prt.-«*:-T t.^ r-* 
d«mCh trin? »-ir/«Ti oiyiv 5<>/»V. 1= * 
painar' in 1^ ^"^'^ ^ aflcribHi L^t ' »« fr>c 
DOtbin^r to afl!o«i': f'vraifc ' ^> eo:a:=T 
' and willinjT ynvnti^io froai utii-baiiw'T&^t 
•11 thr/0(ffa a I'M? lifc-' 

HarrUinarriwJ/^ !>*. I77». Ann Cart*!*-:. 
ymiiur««t daii/htw an/1 b^Irv** 'jf Lliarlr^ 
W»>n of Bath, mi4 br L«t bad \* u^am 
Owfg*. 'Mwy^'i I"ni flarri* 'q. t. . an^ th?^ 
othttr afftu and f'/or daa<rbt*r«. He d;**! at 
Belmont, K«it, in May l^il*. 

[A Life of I/^rl H«it-4 ^Lw. I'/s. I W » . »■■•- 
portnid, w« c/oipiWl tr th* Ui« Ei?i.t Hoc. 
HUpb«n L'Mliin;?!/*. iwm«inie ^Ttrecr of 
XadfM, wh'* w*i llarna*» •OD-iD-UwaD-l pri«t* 
MemUrj a( M^-irw. It oontaiiu a refouuoa of 
•OfM «»at«m*mU ouwle in Thwd-ire Hook's life 
of 8ir iHrvl IJ«ir»L ParticuUn of HanTBs **r- 
TiOM are mlar^ to b« foai»<i in Canaoo'v Hist. B«?«. 
Ath KciniH*:Pt. r'P- 37-^4, and 73nl foot, and in 
Jliili wrtrt'n H/,y. Military Cal*md»r, 1820, i. 351 ; 
a)»o in H/iwi't O^rnwiUut Corrvtp. toL ii. ; M'U's 
Hint, India, roU. t, ti.; Marqaia Wellefclev'* 
I>«ij/. Tol. I. ; t^UTWinpin VrVll. l>Mip. Tol i. (ia- . 
Hv^ii/rtion; ; Oont, Muff. 1 829, pt. ii. 80, where are ' 
astrari* frrtn Jlarrit'tt will, A Mter from Harris 
appwirnin iiltuikw'^0l'n}Uff.lH27. HarriBScor- 
Tm\)wA*ffH'h with t he Mariui»iWelle»ley is among , 
tiia M'»rnin(fl/;n Vn\^m in th*- BritiKh Museum, 
Ai\i\\i. MMM,' ISflffH awl 13727-9. Some of hU ! 
Islt^rs on itin HtAt's of MyMire form Addit. MS. 

nmr,.\ h. m. c. 

HAKFUH, OKOIUiK (1794-1859), uni- 
Ufian ininiNt<;r, ^Kfrn at MaifUf >n« in Kent on 
Ifi Mny 1794, wafucm of Abraham KarriHtUni- 
tarian rniriifif'T at Hwan«i» for upwards of 
fttriy y*'Mn. i Uatrun wo* Atthi; agu of fourteen 
ptaf'^iil iti It M>inrh(fNt.f)r wanihouiM; in Cheap- 
Niilft, London, hiit,wiMhinf(to mib.T the unita- 
rian miniNlry,K'^V(ui»hiN placn at aconsider- 
«hl() iKKtuniary NacriticJ!. In hiH fsl^htfienth 
ynar Im) xntomd thu Fulinifton Academy, thnn 
iindnr tliM NUtN^riiit^mdi'ncn of John Kvann 
(17(17 lK'^7)l.|, v,| In Novnmbor 1812 he 
inatrinilfttwl m (l)a»i(C»w Univfimity, having 
obtaiitiMl a hurNiiry nn tlii' foundation of Dr. 
Witliainii'N t runt , and ntUindml rIaHWM in ( Has- 
f(()W <liirllil( I linm winltfr miNnionH. Hih fitudioB 
wnm munn intHrrupti'd l>y nunummfmnga^- 
mantnaMaproiiohttriiudltKilurur. ThoHcuttuh 



i Harris 

T T . r a rtKt Xs»:r^azltm. "wi* 5:c ji>id ^ Jolr 

■»« 5:e lirs? T»ar» ra wmrarr. He also 
<9»a: 2i;ti^ Tjut Ji *B:*.icaiii ^zaztarian 

tail a»iyri-t»:ii=3;r "-wtk. ia£ ia dirmiiif 

.«&.-£ -A STi-wDHf: :(f -.'ztt- PrlaajC-es of Uni- 
-4rlti CirA-iiiJiT fciir-«e- to tL; IdIuIh- 
•:*=.-* :c 'jTita^^ ia»i Pr: <>I*ar>w. and to 
^ii Frlfeaii :<rF:-e Iai^:rT •ir^.^i{i.?at Scot- 
laai- Vy a Taliarits," a tear acd concise 
=ar-i*; :f -sritArJa ^eaeiirx- Bv hi* exer- 
t::-ca a ■=3i:*r3i= ccaptl w»* trwt^ in Port 
riUiir;^- I: »^i.i -5!^- ^ ^^^ ^ January 
Ii±*: r-i-r «rr = »*irfi b*' pT«»ciied on the 
oecaK-:^ wa* pac-.i*i^i. A: TtU period he 
alao p*b"_**s.i - »elr« PSeci» for Kiaading and 

la April 1^17 Hirri* w:as inrited to be- 
cnmt gi:ni*:er of Rec>haw Screet Ciuipel 
LiT^r^wL ih-n raean: by th-? rvssi^ation of 
th* RfrT, R>f-rr: L^wia, H* was indacted 
in Jaly. and hi« »:r>nir ci>nTicttons soon en- 
Z*g^ him in nunirrt?.is c>."»ntTV»Ter*:e^. Manv 
even of his own b?»?thrvn censarvd his impru- 
dent and ne-edlrAjly s«verv^ attack? on eran- 
P^lical doctrine. Hi* pamphlet, * Vnitarian- 
ism, the only Religion which can become 
I'nirersa!/ and a course of Sunday evening- 
lectures, afterwards published withnotes ana 
an appendix in an octavo volume, under the 
title of * Unitarianism and Trinitarianism 
contrasted/ called forth trenchant replies. 
Dr. Jamed Barr of Oldham Street Presby- 
terian Church, Dr. John Stewart of Mount 
Pleasant Secession Church, and Mr. Jones 
of St. Andrew's Church were his most promi- 
nent opponents. In 1818 Harris planned a 
* Unitarian ChrUtian Association* for the 
dissemination of unitarian literature, and he 
travelled through Lancashire and (Cheshire 
to gain for it sympathy and support. 

In the summer of 1821 a division occurred 
in the Bank Street unitarian congregation, 
Bolton, and in 1822 Harris accepted an in- 
vitation to become minister of the seceders. 
They first met at the Cloth Hall, but in 1823 
the Sloor Lane Church was purchased from 
the Scottish presbyterians. Harris was known 
in Manchester as ' the intrepid champion of 
Socinianism.' In 1822 he published < The 
I^ancashire and Cheshire Unitarian Associa- 
tion, and the Christian Reflector vindicated;* 
in 1823 he published an account of the for- 
mation of the Moor Lane congregation, some 
statements in which provoked replies from 
other clergymen; and in 1824 appeared 
< Christianity defended.' In 1824 a speech 
by him in Manchester led to a long corre* 



Harris 



Harris 



spnaJcnoc, which waa ttftiTwawIf puhliahcd 

under thu title of * Tho Jliinchcaler Socinian 

|CoDtroversv,' und indirectly caused [he fa- 

Qotia Dame HewLey suit [see Uewley, 

Sakah^. 

In deptember 1825 IfaTris resifined his 
tlmrge in Uolton, nud roniove<l to Olosg'ow, 
liL9 wife's uative place, 1 le preferred the call 
< Qlaagow to one from London, ' becituse,' 
be said, ' he wishtnl to stand in tho front of 
the hattic/ The evanpelical revivnl Ifd by 
IChalinerr* was then at its heig^ht, bnt llnrris 
^^attracted immenw* audiences, and during the 
sixteen years of his (ilaB^ow ministry ob- 
tained for unitarian principles a position of 
prominence not hitherto reached in Scotland. 
In 1841 Karri* removed to Kdlnbiirgh to 
sint in reviving ihy unitarian conjrregslion. 
e laboured for four yearn, though [lot f»o 
fully as in Uluhfjow, and in IHI."* he 
ted an invitation to become the minis- 
ter of Hanover Sqiuiro Cha[>el, Newcastle- 
npon-Tyne. Ucrc he showed much of Itis 
youthful enthusiasm and enerpj* ; he was emi- 
nently successful, a handsome and eonirao- 
dions church being erected in 1851, and a 
Uuge congregation gathered. He died on 
24 Pec. I§.i9. 

Harris waa conBtantly Tvrifing, lecturing, 

or preHching,and advocaliiigHunday-Hchoolft, 

benevolent fu«d(«, tract and bitok Hocielie*, 

Liidinftlitutionsformutunl in;pr<>veiueiit. He 

lirew himself into many politii-nl und saui- 

iry, educulionnl.and moral movements. Ho 

was a kei.-n radical, active for the repeal of 

lie com laws, on bcJiaif of which he dn.-w up 

be first petition sent from Scotland. Tpon 

ItAthcomiac ' massncre ' in Ireland in the 

zure of tit he:^ (18 Dec. l^-W), he denounced 

liurch eslah1i>hineut8 with great N'igotir, and 

ok on active tthare in promrir iiig luauy ot her 

morements. Though dfcidedly ciunlHiiive,ho 

was natumlly genial and warm-heuried. He 

bid ft fine presence, a clear, fcircible si vie, and 

Buch natural orator}-. In Scotland he was 

felled 'the devil's chaplain/ to which it was 

pplied : ' The Prince of I tnrkne.'V must be a 

Bntlemmn if hii cliaphiins are like George 

liuris.' His chief publications, in addition 

I the works olreadv nanietl, were: 1. * The 

eat BmsincR? of Life,' 1H47. H. 'Christian 

Tnitarioniitm New Testament Chrictianitv,' 

"48. 3. 'The lloctrineof the Trinity,' iHiia 

'The Christian Cbaraeter.aj* illustrated in 

lie Life and Labours ofthe late Itev. William 

umw,' iHo!). Fortweoty-one years Harris 

sedtlorof the' Christian Pilot and Pioneer.' 

[Chrintian Ri-former and Christian Fffenian, 

|8C0; N'orth of Kngliind pajn-rH at ihi- lime of 

~r. Uarrib's deulh, Becurd of Uuiiiiri^m Wor- 

kiea, IB74.] T. B. J. 



HARRIS, GKORGK FR.\NCIS RO- 
BERT, third BARoy Haeri.s (1810-1872), 
?ovemor of Madras, grandson of Sir Georgw 
larris [q. v."', the first baron, was born at 
lU'lmont, Kent, 14 Au^. 1810. His father, 
William George Ilnrru [n. v.], the second 
baron, was a general in the arroy. Harris 
was educated successively ot Eton ; at & 
private tutor's (the Kev. John Shaw, nt Pot- 
ton, lied fortl.-h ire), when> he begun a lifelong 
friendship with Charles John Cunning, after- 
warda Earl Canning [q. v.] ; and at t).vfflrd, 
where hn matriculated at Merton College 
•2 Feb. lH2ft. He sofm migrule<l to Chrijst 
Church, where he nrooeeded B.A. in 1832, 
and was in later liio created D.C.L. (1863). 
At Christ Church Harris was contemporary 
with Ijonls Elgin, Dalhousie, and Canning. 
After taking his degn'e Harris fell into deli- 
cate health, and resided for some time at Pan, 
where he received a testimonial from tbe 
British residents for scr^'ices in connection 
with the work of tho church of Eu^land. 
Succeeding to the peerage in IS45, ho wa.s 
sent in the following year to Trinidad as 
giivemor. InlH^M he was appointed governor 
of Mndrae; during his rule there the police 
administration underwent 1 horongh reform, 
I^ter on the tiepny revolt and its con»^ 
quences di.<ftranI<Kl I'pper India, and, for a 
moment, threatened to involve the Deccan 
in political rebellion (Hespot^'h of Major 
0. I^avidson, dated '2 Aug.) In spite of tuis 
serious dangtr Harris forwarded imjKirtant 
reinforcements to his friend Canniner, and the 
Madntsfusiliers ployed a very ]iromini'nt part 
in the recovery of Cnwnwire and Lucknow-, 
Trotter describes Hnrris us 'an able and 
f»'arle>*s ruler in a time(^f n<*Hd' (/nrfi'rt under 
Viftoriti, ii. 119). In 1m51) he returned to 
England and was made a G.C.S.I. Harris, 
who hnd attracted the especial regard of thtj 
prince consort, was, by the particular re- 
quest of the dying prince, made chain Ixrlain 
to the Princess of Wales on her ranrriage. 
HurriH wasa whiij.but did not take an actfve 
]iart in ]Kditlrf<; he was for 8ome time deputy- 
chnimiiinof (he London, Chatham, and Dover 
milwny,and died at Uelmoni,thn scat of his 
family, on 23 Noi . |M72. He was a typical 
English gentleman, honourable, brave, and 
manly ; somewhat n servtul in manner, and 
faithful to all his duties. He niarrieil.lC April 
18'JO, Sarah, daughter of George Cummins, 
archdeacon of Trinidad; by her he had one 
daughter, and an only fon, George Robert 
Canning Harris, who succeeded him, and is 
now (IHUI ) governor {)f Bombay. 

( I'amily infortnatiun ; Fnut er'» PetTsgc ; Foster's 
Alnmui Oxpn. ; Kayo's Hist, of tho Sfipoy War.] 

IL G. K. 



Harris 6 Harris 

JIAIllUH, iri.MJVi/A I7'M:-j. rhi.-f.n- ih.M^mitblisltJ churct.and TWrix-d^zood 
(/r-i-M t', lie juint iiip'l ■■<-iiI-cmII*t, wd.-! »:ii- lirliiration. (^Mvim; to his fitter's d-^a*h, 
J//., v<r '.( tl,<: (imI,Ii«- wiii.. tlipjiii-'li'Mit till- 9 March irS*}. he had T'> fupi^n Limsi-lf by 
I' .[/ii *(( \\';lli:i»i l(l,iiii'l (or It t'li'irt time 0]K;iiiii^ a .'•ch''K>]. Ilif priit^j^ecTs mipro\iiig', 
iiti-'.' ' Ai.ji'' f \\ !'<'■■, fin-fit Sf a Ih uf Iv»;f!. hu hopi.-d, with the hvlp of a near ivlalive,trt 
I* \'-i'ti In 'III--, 'dlic*' hf hurci-«'ilc<i l'!ii-t (jiialify himself for oraiDati<c>ii. He is >aid 
( f,).', '.ifV' 'J I'll .liijii'^ I \ I, mid WHM liiiiist'lf toliiivc httn 'wild and inconsiderate, though 
M,**n'li'I l.v ./'.liii li'i',-1 t'ii/, TrrtiM. I'apf'rt, iiotwithout occasionalrwitchesofconsoience/ 
r/l I I'l. |i ."'•; Ill Mnn;li \i\t".i !«>hc wiit* | Ili-wasmuchimpressedbrasennoni SOMarch 
(ii((.',ifjii'li',il« liijflti r'lMii'c'.f ihii'f(frav(!rnf ' I7il-'»1 upon the duly of partaking wf the 
III* .iMiKii.' iiicl ii'H.cf.J ilii- i(iiiir':iiiiiiit '(I'hif'f ! Lord's Sup]»er, and resolvw to lead a ntw 
* 11/ m ui 1 }•! i(n unit I ) III I III- hliici- iif (ii-nr^- Iif«, Tlu' following Sundav.btinfT East er Pay, 
\\;',» I, lull ly *l««. (iM.I '.i.i- ItiiHCK.flnoidii:, h*,* wfiit to the Lord's taUe. He pot much 
f1 l*i'*l (*/« tfii'»''i M.'.i'I, |t. |f|M, under dull- hi*lpfr<im fiome books heread. ei?]p«:iallyfmin 
I'jfin.l J.'. MiimIi HJ'".t !iO, l[i hr\<i {Ainmh ' I Inly Kuli;a and Helps to DfTotion,* by Brian 
*// Ifn f'i,i,iif/i, I liM'lii'f • I liirn i'm iijmoiiit- I I)u]ii)H^(.vr He conducted domestic worship 
(III lit *t.-f njMiiM ( I 'I tit" limit 11 ■fiirlya'* lti>*0). j n'fjulnrly nt his mother's house, and on Sun- 
lliiii 11* 'li I Inn .! Ill III.- |it hii-iii Inr the |>liM'i' I dayrt lufiny neighbours Came to hear him and 
I'l i(n I>,m|* <,( ill. til iintv ( I'al. I n'li". Id join him in prayer. On :*5 Nov. 1735 he 
I'tifiim,] t ) I lull III liiiil III I M ' <i|iif>iili-d ill tiiiitrliMiliited at St. Mary Hall, O.^ford, but 
■ III Mil ' III -III I nil iii|i , lull M't riini'Mtrnii'ilnls rt'tiirnrd home ut the end of one term, and 

li/ li II I \*. 11, nil. I 111 ii|i|ii'iii'ii In liMvr III once Ix-giLn his evangelistic labours with 

i»iiii.-i<l II |iiiiiiiil i-ii[>iiMili'iiili'ni-i> 111 the I liii ^Teateiit ardour. lie was soon followed 
Ml I lit, II lid to limi' |i 1 1 I III- (iKiriii'iil piiri nf by MU'li cniwds that the houses were often 
I III fi.ili I., Ill' ii.-fi'diiifn Oil hi-i iippnitil- , tnii snuill to coutuin them. In 1737 he was 
iiM III till |{"iiiiiii< ni'iM i'iii[i|iiM'<l lit iii-l ^invited by a gentleman to come to speak 
iiimIi I liiMi ttit '*Mti\ IdiifliiA. Ii'i-'tti ItJ'.'t'. ' at liis houR' in lladnorshire. At this time 

I III III 1, III 1 1 .liiiiii ■ l|...>iiiri I . iiii'iitiitiifil li-* Iii> taught a srhool, but went out every even- 
iJ.K i»iiiiii I Iiri/ iill liiiili'iiili lliiniH ; jiig iiud Mil Sundays and holidays to advise 

ImmI iIh iiIiI' II.' I'Iiiim r i>r .IiiIim I 'I'ltlii-r I -'I'l' j iiii> people. \x t lie end of the year he was 
f 'ill III IK, .In II I.'. IDiii 1 1 1 1 I Oil '* I'l'li. ' deprtM'd of \un sehoid, which was connected 

ifi'-H) , iiiiiii'i' .il ilii> Mitii'i' nl' i'nin- ; with the estiililished church. Ho was thus 

t ■•ii)t|iMiiiii 1 1 III in<|iiiii-itiiM ilii<rliMiil<">liii<< ' oiiiiMinl to ]tri>ach three, four, and sometimes 

II' ml III iMiii dii .1 ImiM lilt' Tiiwi-r ii'p.iiti'il : lixfiiinesii day. He still went to church him- 

lliiil iliMii|ili lliiMi' («linin tlif\ liiiil I'Mi M'lr.niid urpnl liishearerstodothesaine. But 
nniiiili Mii'i'ilh' |iiiiiiii i.iliii'i. I Miii'lit In lii>i'nlliU'iiiisnilM'gan to give offence. "White- 
Inn i> llii>iM p.-. I mil .>l ill.' .Ill '. \<'\ llnei ji.-M «rt'ti' him an enctmraging letter in the 

I ii>i 11. mil I iii'it'i mIIi'i Iniit ti> I- iiitn tlii> |ir-.'. inning of .liinunr}' 173f^, and states in his 

Itiiii:i' uliiii' tlif |.ii-iiin.l iln'i\M'iv l.rpt ' ,|i,ir\ tor 17<'>t>t hilt Hnrrishndalreadvfounded 
(.1 II 111 ii\, ' \l. III. Ill 111 ilii> IIin'Mirr I.' Ill tliiiiv MuMi-tii-s in Snith Wales. !For somo 
.\(."iiiH.i/*. f '(I. ■■.■;. .'. , \,i| III 1 lliiiti'i itii'd \,nv'. hr dfIi\.Mvd only extemporary sermons 

bi'l I"' t >! I 1 .01 1 1 '.I.' /'i,.i« l\'r. '■*, 'u|>i'n Mh and the judgmenl tn eome. 

Ill'' . . p '-'^<, 1. lit « liit-li daii' ' I lie ciitxi'i'-. In ilie o.Mirse oV si\ or seven years Harris, 
pliii I' ' i-t '.poln'M M If. \a> [inl ttirxiii;!) ln-< \mi ti I lio aid of his ooa.ljuttirs. hud amused 
ili<i-i'ii-i< llii 11. -.I*.'!', .lohii I'l.dni, v\:i-' thi' wh.'li- piiiu-ipality. Ilis appearance is de- 
ii.'t iipi'i'iMii d I ill , \pMl I .I'.t. W ah*''!e ..,idii'.l a- ui«»>l »'i»nnnanding. his voice solemn 
nitl ■ linn ' ( 'npiain ' llniir. and ,t*nl'ii-i-. Iiiin .,nd sHoii;;. and liis ean'oslnoss ijuite irre- 
wilh .l.>-.-ph llnni". \/' liliil lit'.t^M .i \ , ..isiihle lie made mativ l«iiter enemies, nnd 
l)ii>ii.t.>i t I ;...;". V.> .■' /'.;i .,';.;•. id. \\,M' « -i^ ..jt ru in pri:l of his life. He extended his 
iiniii. Y o.iu ftl'oii'.. in l7.'''.Mo Norih Wales, and while at 

HM.ii.l-.r ..I I'l. iMiM l^'i'-r-, A.-. .-I-..! M.ulu:r.l,;h iV.en'..'bru>V.ed at himhowling, 
III-..*.- I N\ \\ . ilnv.it. -ii-.n,;. >wi-arinc. rtnd thiv^wing stonrs. 

H.MUns, now n. j; I 1 i:V;i\amiu \iiaiio;ii.% :i:\d a. -lerfivir.an threatened him, 
» ip.tl lonnd. 1 .«l W .■Mit':(l\iui>1i.n»e(ho.ii'«ni. and '.-.e \\a- '■V,*'! at 

llnid -on oi Uoft,-l :md Siianna Mavii'.oi' Uav. i>'< ijna; .^^a.■;•.•.:.'y in the toundaTion 
'l'io\.'i.-.i in llii- p:lll^hoI' r.il»;:r. Ih in I^^-^-.-n of n'..!V,o.ii-»'.u w a> IV.v.'.i' K.^wlar.ds ol Llnn- 
>hn.-. ««0>oui iluM.- -Vi.laii l.l;l II Ue *;x'.; !:.\ r.i-.v.uar,>V.;r»- ; b;;T sn '.jr.fortnnate 
w.iN n \oiiiuri I'l.'ili.r of Jo-.-ph U;i',r.s m:si:nd;-:>»^tv.d;Vi:. w V.vV. *vrv:'.v.t-d f^r many 
^l (V liiiO .( > rtu- o.n.Mit^ .'wned iln' \ ia:>. r.r,*-.- a< < av'y as '.Tir, ar..: U\l to an 

liiun on win. It i It. \ li\iM. nn.l w ri-e (an'.\ .')v;» ; i;'[';e.:i' in ir.'*!. T!.e v.-.t :^''.:.>* K>.ly, 
w.M oti \.»»«^ liUma «** uilended lor , whu-h ws* now nmuerv^ii*. was lUvidod into 



two hostile partuti, cullud Harris's peoplt? and 
Rowlamls'a [wople. The misundL-rtitflmliiig 
baa never K^u utisfactoril^v cxpUlned. It 
bu bei'n atlrikiited to some ungUArded ex- 
preMiona of K&rns, which, however, are com- 
mon in hymns highly approved by Row- 
lands. Dr. Wees infer* from some exjire;*- 
aiona in Williams's ' Klppy on Ilarrin' llial 
^_the caiiso wn5 Harrit^'s u&Humplion of nome 
^■Authority in the connexion not allowable to 
^Bft laymnn. 

^B After this Ilurrtfi withdrew to his own 

^■boiise ut Trev^cca, where he preached two 

^^ror three times every day, ami tliere in April 

^^J7^^'J he laid th« foundation of a kindofpro- 

tcstaut monastery. lu ]7i>4 the inmates 

or *family/ its thry were called, consisted of 

100 persons, and in 1755 of \'Ji), b»'side« 

several families from North Wiilw, who had 

^w^ttled in the neighbourhood in order to 

^^^nefit by Harris's ministry. 

^^ Harris was eminently loyal, and in IToO 

he acceptfKl nn enr'ijfncy in the Breconehirc 

militia, imd many of the 'fiimily* joined him. 

He was alarmed by the priMtpcct of a French 

invasion and the eonRequent establishment 

of papacy. I>urinp hia sliort military career 

he preached in various parts of England. He 

would stand up to preach in his regimental 

dress in places where the mob would not have 

tolented other preachers. 

Towards the close of h ts life he was warmly 

Ieiijiported by the Countess of Huntingdon 
[[see MA&TraGB, SELiyA], who eatablij^licd her 
school formiiiiHters altjOwerTrcvecca. lie 
)C^irr»_'.«ponded with her, visited her ot Brighton 
in 1 '(Ai, ami afterwards preached in London 
at NVhitefield's Tabcmactu and l>efore ariato- 
rCrntic assemblies in private housea. The 
m4?a.th of his wife in 1770 greatly afiecled 
'liim, and probably hastened his own end, 
which took place 5l July 1773. He left one 
^^danghter, wlio was provided for by an indtn 
^Htoenoent property fnim her mother. By his 
^^pvLU he bequealhed all bin pmperty to the 
^^pmintenance of hU * family' at Trevecca for 
^^prer. The institution has long been extinct. 
His published works are: 1. * Hyninau 
Dnwiol, in conjunction with two others, 
1742. i.'CennatlwriaThysiiolaethddiwedd- 
ftf Howcl Harris, Yswum,' 1774. 'i. 'The 
laat Message audTeslimnnyof Ilowel Harri;', 
Eaqr.,lnleofTreveckain\\ ales. Konmlamnng 
some of hi(! Papers.' 1774. 4. 'Ychydig I.y- 
thyrau ftc Ystyrisethau ar .\choHiim Y[*iiryuol 
^—^ynghyd a Hvmnou am Dduwdod a Marwol- 
^^tactn ein Tncbuwdwr,' 17Ht;. 5. * Hanes Ferr 
^H^ Fywyd Itowel Harris, Ysewier; a dynwyd 
^HbUan u'i y«^Tifeniadau ef ei hun. At b» un r 
^Fc^twan'tfwvd crvnodeb bvr o"i Ivthyrau o'r 
1^ lawyddyn 1738;hyd y Fl'. 1772/ l2mo, 1792. 



[Morgnn's Life and Times of Howel ITarris; 
Mcthodiht-iuetU Cyitira ; Vi'illiiins'H Ktuinent 
WeWmioa; r>r. Hobs'b ProteetantNoncuiirormity 
in Wftlw, 2iid cd. i Life and Time* of Selina, 
Countess of Hantingdon, i. 373, ii. 1 ^. ; Mnlkin'a 
Soath Wales.] R. J. J. 

HARRIS, JAMES (1700-1780), author 
of ' Hermes,' eldest son of James Harris of 
the Close of Salisbury, by his second wife, 
Lady Elizabeth Ashley Cooper^ thii*d dough' 
terof the second imd sister of the third Jjord 
Shaftesbury, was bom 20 July 1709. He 
was educated at the grammar school in the 
close, and entered Wadham College, Oxford, 
aa a gentleman-commoner. He matriculateu 
10 July 1720, and nfl:<T\var<l9 read law at 
Lincoln's Inn withr>u1 inU-nding to practise. 
On bis father's death he berame independent, 
and settled ju the familv house in Salisbury 
Close. He st udied the clnssica indust riously, 
often rising, ' especially during the wint^ir,' at 
four or five. lie became specially interested 
in Aristotle. He was an active nisgistrale 
for the county, living at Halidburv and hia 
house at Durnford in the neighbourhood. 
Tliough a student and an author, he was 
ftociftbh^, and esjiecially encouragi'd coneerta 
nnd the annual musical festival at Salis- 
bury. He adapted words to selections from 
Italian and German composers made in two 
Tolumes, by Joseph Corte [q.v.]. the Salis- 
bury organist. In 1701 he entered thw House 
of Commons (where, as John Townshend ro 
marked, he would find neither of liis favourite 
subjects, harmony f^r grammar) as member 
for Christchureh, which he continued to 
represent until his death. He was a fol- 
lower of fteoi^o Grcnville, On 1 .Ian. 1703 
he became a lord of the admiralty, and on 
Itt April 1703 a lord of the treasury. He 
rutinrd with Grenvillo in 17(W>. He waa 
made secretary and comptroller to the queeti 
in 1774, but held no other office. He died 
22 Dec. 1780, and was buried in the north 
aisle of Salisbury Cnthwlral. He mairied in 
1745 P'linabi^th, (laughter and heiress of Jolm 
f ]larke of Sundford, Bridgwater. Throe (of 
five) children sur\-ived him, two daughters 
and James (1740-1820) [q.v.]. afterwords 
first Karl of Malmcsbury. 

A conversation with Harris at the bouse 
of !^ir Joshua Reynolds is reported by Bos- 
well in 1778 (BoswKi.T., iii. 250-8, ed."Hill). 
Johnpon seems to have rt»»peeted hiw stiholar- 
ship, but called him lib. p. 245) ' a prig nnd 
n bad prig.' An engraving from a portrait 
by Highmore is prefixed to the first volume 
of bis works (18()1 ), and one from 'a model 
I)V Oosset* to the second. A portrait of 
Harris by Romney is now in the Natioruil 
Portrait Gallery. Harris's bxika w« dry 




Harris 



8 



Harris 



and technical, but have a rertain interest 
from his adherence to thi- Aristotelian phi- 
losophy during the poriod of Locke's supre- 
macy. Uis works ore: 1. Three treatises 
(on 'Art/ 'Music, Paintinc, and Poetrv,' 
and ' Uapptnefts*), 1744; 6th edition, 1794. 
2. ' Hermes, or ft Philoiwphic/il Inquiry con- 
cerning Universal Grajumar,' ir<'>l ; trant^ 
Isted into FrwnchbyThurot in ITiMtby order 
of the French Directory. ;l. * Phil(»9ophical 
Arrangemente/ 177''>. 4. ' Philolofrical In- 
QoiriBa/ 1781 (appendix of various pieces). 
HiB works were collected, with ' Some Ac- 
count of the Author/ by his aon, Lord 
Mttlmesbury. in 1801. *dn Rise and Vto- 
Ljgreuof (.*riticism,lTom Paper8byJ.II.,'1762, 
'ind'Spring: a Piistonil/ represented at Drury 
Lane 'J'2 Sept. 17Hl', arp abo attributed to 
him. He aadtnl somo notes to Sarah Field- 
ing's tranitlulion of Xenophon. 

[,\ceount as above ; Malmeflbary's Dinrie*. 
1844, vol. i. pp. vi.vit; Nichols's Aiiocdotos, ill. 
S86 and nUevharc ; NidiiiLs'ti IUu.sLnitioils. r. 
846-5; Bilker's Biog. Dr«m.] L. S. 

HARRISjJ.VMES.tirst E\riofMalme»- 
Bi'nr (l74<i-lH:i?0), diplomntist, of a Wili- 
sliire familv long settled at Orchcstou St. 
George, eldest sou of James Harris [q. v.1. 
author of * nennes/ by his wife, Elizabeth 
I Clarke, was bom at his father's house in the 
[Close, Salisburi', 21 .\pril 1746. At four 
I yeare of age hi' wont tcj il dame'*, school, and 
■ after three vears to llie Siilisburv gramniur 
school. Tlieiice he went to Winchester 
College, whi're he remained until September 
176:i. After some time .spent in London with 
his father, then a lord of the tren-sury, he went 
in June 17ti.*i to Morton CV)ll«^g(>, Oxford, 
where he idled away two years an a tfentle- 
man-rommoner, Jn the company of L'harlfs 
JaraesFnxand William Eden. Attheendof 
the summer tennl70o he left Oxford and went 
in St-'ptember tn Ijeyden, where he spent a 
vear in serious study, an<l in niajttering the 
Dutch lanpuHge. Here he bej^iin the 'Diary,' 
whicli he kept very fully for the greiilyriiart 
A" his life. In 1766 he returned to E)ii;rhind 
TOr a few months, and in 1767 travelled in 
Holland, Prus£>iH, Pohmd, and France. Mti 
waa then, through the influence of Lord Shel- 
bumc, appointed .'»i'*retBrv' of emlwiMy at 
Madrid, with o salary nf 800/., and in the 
absence of the ftmlwiswidor, Sir James Grey, 
was leH in August 17K9 chnrgS d'ttflainw. 
In August 1770 he heard of the enpodition 
fitting out a) Bueuus Ayres Rgainst the 
Falkland Islands, and ventured, on his own 
TWponsibiUty. to take no high a tone with 
the Spanish minister, the Marquis Grimaldi, 
(hat the attempt was abandoned. la De- 



cember, however, war seemed so nearly in- 
evitable that he had actually been recalled, 
and had lefl Madrid, when at twenty leagues* 
diditanco he met a courier with the news that 
the Spanish government had yielded, and 
that he might n>tum. His conduct in this 
affair gnine<l him great credit. He was no- 
minated minister pleni]K>tentiar>- on 2'J Feb. 
1771, and, returning to Englaml in the sum- ■ 
mer, was appointed to Berlin, where he ar-j 
rived in February 177:2. In 177t} he gave up ' 
his mission, and, leaving Berlin ll^Sept^ re- 
turned to England. In 1777 he was ap- 
pointed ambaasador to the court of Cathe- 
rine II at St, Petersburg, where he was en- 
gaged in a const-ant struggle against the hos- 
tility of Prussia ami the duplicity of the 
empn-nn. In December 1778 he was made & 
knight of the Bath, and received his kni^it- 
hiKid from the emprf.ss on liO March li79. 
The climate broke down Iua health in 1783. 
Since 1770 he hud been M.P. for Ohnst' 
church. He wo-s a strong whig and a great 
admin-r of Fox, and was appointed by the 
Hockinfj(hnm ministry (in April i7&3) to the 
ministry at the Hague, a po.sition of mferior 
diplomatic rank, but invulving great respon- 
MbiliTy. Harris accepted, and left Russia 
in August. The diHrnisRal of the ministry ' 
Rus[>ended his appointment, and, in spite of] 
his support of Fo.x in the House of Conunona, j 
after his fall from December 1783 to Fe- 
I bruary 1784, Pitt renewed the offer, in recog^ I 
I nition of his prent diplomatic abilities, and I 
! in Dt-cember 17KI he proceeded to Holland, 
I with the rank of minister, but with the salary 
I and apiiointmentsof anamluiHsudor. At tlie 
I time of leaving Uujtsia he had ex]M'nded 
:iO,000/. out of liij> private fortune. At the 
I Hague he found the Bourbont} encouraging 
the Dutch democratic party, and holding out 
hopes of the creation of a Dutch republ ic. He 
used his influence on the side of the stadt- 
holder so 8ucc«Mfully that ' he may be said 
I to have created, fostered, and matured a 
rounter-revolution, which restored to the 
' studtholder his power.* * Ce rtts^ et auda- 
I cieux Harris,' as Mirafaeau calls him (C\mr ; 
! tff lirrfin, ii. IS), often resorted to extreme 
expedients to gnin information. On one oo- J 
casi<^n he bribed a royal valet to exclude a | 
ri\'al for twenty-four hours &om tbe king's I 
closet, and on another he arranged a fiertca ^ 
of disguises for a messenger whom ho sent 
from the Hague (September ]7h5» to deliver 
a mL-iswige to Comwallis in Berlin (Ojm- 
Vftlli* V'trrrjipondenrp, \. 103). tVom March 
to July 17% he wa-s in England on leave, and 
carried an overture from Pitt to the l*rinco 
of Wales in regard to the settlement of the 
prince's debts. He formed the design i 



mm aUi*nce uf England wtth HolUnd anil 
PraMia, and, having obtained t^omv 9U|i|>ort 
for ii in Berlin, and opened it to LordCnnuar- 
tben.be.onU'U Mav IjH'^Wsitt-d England, and 
wm!> pn«eot at two cabinet mtw-ttUfp* toui^e 
it on the minijilry. He receiveHl :*0.000/. of 
secTVt ftervict* munev with which to promote 
it in Holland. LveutuallT hv aucci<eded, 
and harinjif been appointed ambaNuidor on 

14 March 1768, he signrd thi> trvntr on 

15 April. Oo 19 Sept. be waa created tiaron 
UafaneftbuTT, and alio recei\-»d lht> Pruaaian 
order of the BUrk Eagle. 

AAer a short visit to SwitxerUnd he re- 
turned to Eitfj^Und in the autumn of 17H8, 
and constantly voted agunsc Pitt in tbu 
diTiaiotts upon the reffencjrestTictioni. Lord 
Sidney {ih. i. 4U9) ^fegefl that he had pre- 
ynouuy mode a private offer of hia support 
to Pict, but the char|2;e aeenui groundtefw. 
Till 17i»f except for a »>hort viait to Italy in 
1791!, he remained in England in cliiae con- 
nection with Fox and hij« [lolilical friend.<i, 
and alM) in the intimacy of thi> IVincc of 
\Valeit,whom,at two inter^iewfi, 4 and 7 June 
1792t be succeeded in dia-^uuding from his 
Acheme of annoying hi» lather hv retiring to 
Ijltt continent.' In 179.'t hv, with tliu 'old 
^Kigs,' lef^ Fox, and on 30 Nov. of the Hanio 
^■kr Pitt ftent him to Berlin to impress on 
Ring Fn'derick William his treaty obliga- 
tions to England in the French war. Al- 
though he procured another ln>aty in 17l>4 
for Prussian aid in men to the allies in n^t urn 
for KngliHb payments uf money, hu failed to 
keep the PruR«iau king to his engagements, 
&nd was recalled on 24 Oct. lie wax then 
employed to solicit for the Prince of AV ales 
the huid of Princess Caroline uf Brunsiwick, 
ACttfd as the prince's proxy at the ceri'mony 
in Oennanv, and escorted the priiJC/'8» to 
England, i'he prince never forgave him eveti 
thuf official shar^ in bringing about the match, i 
At the end of (.»ctober I7§<5 ho waa sent to , 
Paris to negotiate terniK of peace, but being i 
ixuitructed to in»ist on ibe restoration of the 
Low Countries to the emperor, he was tin»uc- 

tisful. The attempt was, however, renewed ■ 
17U7, and on 3 July he was wnt to Lille, 
t the occurrenct'sof the 18ih Kructidor n»- 
moved all hopf.-s of peace, and on IH S(?pt. he 
lef- ' I ':iid. W ilhthisraiHsion.although 
P, liim another in ItlOO which never i 

(o4jK ixrii ••, liis piibtie tif*i closed. At ttmt | 
tttne be was luidouhtedly at the head of the ' 
diplomatic Service, but he considered himself 
tAcapBcitated hv his great andincrea»ingdeaf- | 
,On 29 iW. 1800 he was created Earl 
abtuy aod ViACoant Fitrharris. He 
in close intimacy with Canning 
«&d l^tt, aod was often engaged as a n^o- 



tiatorin the noliticaltimDMetionaofhia tiflM. 
, He waf^alDoiruquentlrconsultcdonqneeUou 
of fopaipi policy by them and by thi' Oulm 
of Portlsnd. lie warmly !*upT»o"rte<l and as- 
sisted Canning in \n<* plan for nviufisting 
Addiu^on in l(?Ol* to give way to l*itt, but 
on 21 Nov. Pitt came to him nt Bath and 
I put an end to iht> pn»j(vt. In .luly 1W)3 ho 
I WAS sounded abtiut entering the cabinet, but 
be refiistHl to join Addinglon. There was 
i aAerwards some prottpoct of bii* sucrofiding 
Lord Uarrowby at the foreign ortire. Hn la 
I said to have encouraged the kin^ in Iua »>■ 
.sifltanco to I^rd Howick's catholic imlicy, 
, but he now witlidn>w mur».« ami more into 
private life. In Julv 1807 lie refuM<d tho 
govemonthip of tho Isle of AV'ight, but ac- 
cepted the lieutenancy of Hampshire, and 
was sworn in 12 Aug. From this y<*ar until 
his death hepaSMs] histime U'tweeu I^mdnn 
and Park Place, Ilenlev. He died in Hill 
Stroel,Mnyfuir. iiri I'l r5uv. 1 H20, of old ago, 
and WBctbnriiiHlinSniisbury Cittlii><lral. when 
a monument by Chnntrev wan stibsoquiintly 
ert'ct«sl. Talleyrand Miiiiof him: *Je croiB 
miL'< L<iril Malmcsbury 6tait le plun habilo 
Minislre que voussviui de mm tcmiM; c'^lnit 
inutile de le duvancer ; il falluit If suivre de 
pn>*.* When young he was very linndsrtme, 
itnd his brilliant eyi>a and wliile hnir gniuMi 
him in old age iho name of 'The Lion.' 
Then* are porlrail* of him by Tteynolds in 
middle life, and by Ijiwivncoin 1815, botli 
engraved in the edition of his letters and 
diaries ^mhlished liy Ilia gnnidsnn in 1H44, 
which loruia one of the most valuable mo- 
moirK of his time. His h'ttent tu hiM family 
were publi^he<l in 1870. He himwlf piib- 
lishe«l an edition of his father's works, with 
a prefatory memoir in 1^01. Ho married, 
yH July 1777, Harriet Mnry, youngest daugh- 
ter of Sir (ieorge Amynnd, liurl.. by whom 
he had two Aons, JnmcH ICdwanl, (>ecund carl 
(lather of James Howanl llfirri»4[q, v.], third 
earl, and of Charles .\mynnd Hnrris [u. v.], 
bisbopof (JibmltarKandThiimaK Alfrmr,pro- 
bendary of York, and two daughters. 

[Lord Miilmeiihury'a Diariiu and Corrcspood- 
cDce and Lt'ttprs to his Family; Ilinries of 
Lord Aucklitiid mid Lord Colcbfilor; Stanhope's 
Lifi. of Pitt] J. A. 11. 

HARRIS, JAMES HOWARD, third 
Eari. OP MALMbfliirRT tlH4)7-ld8ft),bomon 
'2^ Miireh 1H(I7, was th<f gmitilson of Jame4i 
Harris, first earl [(j. v.], and the eldest son of 
Jumes Edward TIiirriH,r>eennr| Hiirl,bvhiswifo- 
Harriet Susan, dau>{hli!rof I'VanciH llateman 
Dnsbwood of Well V«le, Litirolimhire. Ilia 
father, the fieeond earl, was in IKI? under- 
secretary for foreign affairs under Canning, 
and subsequently governor of the Ule of 




AVigbt; but liiachitf WitorePtB were ?port and ' 
literature. lie died lUS'.-pt. 18-11, bivTinglo«t 
liis wife in 1415. Ilarrij was educateu at a 
private Bchoul at Wimbome nnd iitKtOD,but 
■was never very studious. In 1825 he pro- 
ceeded to Oriel' College, Oxford, where Cople- 
rton was provosl, und Xewraan tutor. (His 
commpntji on NowTtinn's euiuluct ns tutor, 
puhlishtid in tin; ' Mifinuirs of an Ex-Minister,' i 
■were C'tntradided by lxir*l niachfoi-d and | 
the cardinal himself in the * Daily News ' of 
13 and 28 Oct. 1884.) After taking hid degree 
in 1827 Lord Filzhorris.os he was tlurn stjied, 
travelled abroad, and at Home made the ac- 
quaininnc(>, through the Countesa GuiccioU, 
of Queen Ilorteuse, ftud hereon, LnuisXainv 
leon. lie returned to Enj.'Iand in 18211. Coin- 
pB^ed, owiog to hie father's wishes, to dec! ine ! 
to stand forlhc Isle of Wight iit 1834, he.wiw [ 
an unsucceasful oandidnti'! for Portamoutb in ' 
1838, and wan retunied in the eouservotive 
interest for Wilton in June 1841, but his 
iktber's death In the following September 
raised him to the upper hnusi?. ^lalmesbury 
did not fttfirst take an active part in {xdit ics, 
though he pcweswd consideralde knowletlge 
of foreign affairs, gaineil partly through hi.-* 
wife's relatives, tlie De (Immonta, and partly 
through numeroiia visits to the continent, 
among which maybe mentioned atrip in 1845 
to the caatlo of flnm, wiiere Louis Napoleon 
was imprisoned (.Wwnoi'r*, i. 167-CO). I 

On the disruption of the conservatives in 
1846 Malmeshury played en important part 1 
in rallying the protect ionists, unci bwaime 
their whip in the House of I.onl*, where Lord 1 
Stanley (afterwards earl of linrbyi, whoae , 
friend*<hip he had formed in l834,wfls Bi>eedily 
e^tahliflht^ m leader of the party. In 1848 be 
published a letter on 'The Hevision of the 
Game Laws,' addressed to the home secretary, 
Sir (icorgB Ore^. In 1851, when Stanley 
attempted in vain tn form a g-ovemmeni, he 
offereaMalmewbury the colonial office. In the ' 
foUowingyear Malmeshury and Disraeli failed 
in their efforts to induce Lord Derby to mei.t 
the government measure by a counter Reffirm 
BilL The whign, however, were defeatwl on , 
the Militia Bill, the conseri-ativea came iuto j 
office, and Mulme.shiiry was appointed secre- 
t teiT of Btate for foreign nffairs 22 Feb. I8o2. 

He had gained some accidental education 
for his work through preparing for publica- | 
tion 'The Diplomatic Joumiu and Corre- | 
spondence of the fir^t Ijord Jlalmeshury,' 
which app<>ared in 1844. He also ackuow* 
lodged much good advice from thequeenond 
the prince consort, and from liis prefW-eanors, 
the IJiike of Wellington, Ix)rd l*almer»ton, 
and Ijonl Granville. Though comments were 
passed on the badueas of his grammar (Brir 



wim, Patmersttmy iL 2^ti) it was not long 
before OrevUle, the dlaristt lt>arnt that he 
was doing very well, and displaying gread 
firmness {JoumaUtf 2nd part, iii. 472-3)^ 
The Austrian aiubaasador, Count Buol, at- 
tempted in vain to play on hia inexperience 
{.Vrmoirg, i. 313, 320). Amongthe congrapj 
lultttions ho received was one from his fntrnd* 
the prince president of the French republic, 
and Alalmesbury, who stood almost alone ji|| 
believing bi the pacific intentions of Xapo 
leon, was the first to recognise officially thfl 
creation of the second empire after raising 
some ditliculties about the numeral adopted 
in the emperor's title. Another impnrtanlj 
event wos the signature of the treaty of Jjon 
don, guaranteeing the llauieh poeses^iona t 
Prince ChriatiBU of Glucksburg, but in Mgn^^ 
ing Malmeshury was only endorsing I'almeV 
stain's diplomacy, as the arrangement wa 
boHHl on the protocol of 18W) (Count A'na 
THi'M, St. Pvirrfbury nnd iMritlon, ii. 223 
English trans.) But, able though his mans 
raent of nffairs was, it was violeully attacke 
The Peelites were annoyed at his prompt 
cognition of the eroi»ire,and l^trd John Ii 
pell made jmrly capital out of the case of ft 
Mr. Mather, wlm stood in the wav of some 
Austrian soldiers in Florence, and was cut 
over the head by their officer. Both Lord. 
Derby and Dii^niidi amplr defended him, and 
the former paid a hamUome compliment to bifl 
diligence, ability, and good Juugment wh^ 
the ministry resigned (20 Dec. 1662). Is 
March 1863 Mabneabury was once more iil^ 
Paris, and had some interesting audienc 
with the emperor iMemoirs, i. 387-90) 
During the sesjuion ho mode a curioualy vio 
lent speech on the Succe»iion Duties BUIt' 
but appeared to greater advantage in Muoli 
1854, when he ably defended one of hia forme^^ 
f^ubonlinatcs, accused by Lord Aberdeen ol^| 
olficinl indiscretions. ^H 

MTien Lord Derby, on the resignation of 
Lord Aberdeen, attempted to form a govern- 
ment (Febniary 1855), be offered Malmecburafl 
the foreign office a second time, but Derbysfl 
negotiations broke down, nnd Disraeli rathflr 
iihsurdly attempted to fix the responsibility 
on Malmeshury, whom he accused of for- 
saking Derby ut the critical moment. In tlie 
same year ho declined to entertain siiggea-^ 
tions for making Disraeli or Lord Stuule; 
leader of the party. On 5 May he openec 
the debate on the treaty of Paris in the House 
of Lords, and during the next two years spoko 
fre<]ueutly on foreign and Indian topics. In 
I*'ehruary 1858 Palmerston was overthrown 
on the Conspiracy to Murder Bill, and the 
conser\-ativefl coming into power Malineiihunr 
was again appointed foreign secretary, *" ~ 



:lie 



Harris 



II 



Harris 



old frientUliip wirU the emperor, combined 
■with Lord Cowley's nble diplomacy at I'aris, 
epeedllv removed hU traces of ill-feeling' he- 
t-ween fenplnnd and France, and the rrcallof 
Persigny, who was violent and indiscreet, 
from the French embassy in I^ndon was a 
chang« for the 1>ftter. M&lme«hury wns con- 
viacedtliat both he and the Sardinian minister 
Axeglio acted in Palmerston's interest?, and 
rel*lion« with the latter became tctj "trained 
when, following the advice of lyird Shaftes- 
bury, Azeglio published in the 'Tiroes' the 
Enulish law-yers* opinion on the * t'apliari ' 
affair, a diiiiculty created by the illepd delen- 
lion at Naples nf a iSardinian *»hip (in board 
of which were two Knpllsh engineers. The 
foreign secretary roundly characterised the 
proceedti^ as' unfair*(8ee the correspiiudcnce 
between Cavour and Azt>^Uo published by X. 
de Bianchi in La Pt>litiquf du Comte C. A- 
Caiwr, p. '279 ei wq.). and both A7x^glio and 
Cavour were at iirst convinced ihiil Muhnes- 
buTT watt hostile to the Italian cause. 
Mauneeburc promptly exacted damngps and 
an apnlopv frnm the Neapolitnn government 
while foiling the Siirdininn attempt, to make 
the fiffair a casu^ M/i, and relations with 
Sjirclinia improved to such an extent that 
Cavour, wriiing to Azt^Uo on I Dec, ex- 
prcHfied a hope that the tones would stay in 
power. The war of Italian lihertition wns 
now inevitable, but as an interlude cJime rho 
* Charles et (leorgiea' affair, caused by the 
lugb-handed conduct of Napoleon III on the 
occasion of the seizure by the PortugTiese go- 
vernment of a French t-hip on tlie ground 
that she wa.* a slaver. The Englinh govern- 
ment helped (o comprise the dilute, and 
though Malmeshu^ waa attacked in the 
llouEe of Lords by Lord Wodehouse, the op- 
poatioo gained little by the proceeding, and 
Uie vote of censure was withdrawn. The 
foreign ercretary outwardly maintained what 
Count Vit»lhum cnlhKl a ' ])ti^.'i."inf( but asto- 
nisliing optimism' about Italinn iitlairfltAV. 
PeterMJUTff nvd Ijimhvi^ Tol. i. ch. xy.> ; but 
he recorde<l, as early as ll! Jan. I80O, his 

Srivate opinion tliat war could not be avoided. 
everthele-RS ho was unceasing in his at- 
tempts to avfTt it, taking hi.i stand on the 
ftrmngomentaof 1815(Oji^riVi/(V>rrfi'/«'-'H(/(w« 
cm tki Italian Qr/^^/tbn.publighed by Maimer 
buTT, with an introduction, in 1869). So far 
from acting, a* he wn« accused at the time, 
in the int«restAof AufttriB.hefuIl}- rerogniited 
the grievances of Cfntral Italv nnd Sardinia 
(de«Twteh to Sir J. Hudson of'l8 Jon. 1859). 
On 13 Feb. Lord CNiwIey waa eenl ona mis- 
cion to Vienna with the object of securing 
(1) the evacuation of the I^oman ftatca fay 1 
Austris and France ; (2) reforms in the ad- 1 



ministration of the some states; (3) a aecu- 
rity for better relations between AuFtria and 
Sartliula ; (4) the abrogation or modlBcAtion 
of the Austro-Italinn treaties of 1JS49. The 
Kuaeian government promptly atlopted ibeso 
bodeii of negotiation in its proposal that a 
congress should be convoked for the settle- 
ment of the questions Qt Issue, a propo&al ac- 
wpted by the powers. * A congress once aa- 
sembled,' said Malmesbury to Azeglio, * I 
become, what I have always been, a friend 
of Italy.' Napoleon, however, as Mulm«ys- 
bury knew, was only playing with the liuj*- 
siitn propTisnl in order to gain time for hi» 
militnrv preparation*, and with c'tnsiderablo 
skill foiled Slalmesburv's attempts to bring" 
about a disarmament. The foreign eecretury^ 
suggestion that Sardinia should ilisarm in re- 
turn for a guarantee by England and France 
against her invasion by Aufctria was rejected 
by the em|)cror without ceremony, and whea 
the British government proposed a simulta- 
neous disarmament the emperor accepted tho 
proposal for bis own part, but declined to 
make any representations to Sardinia, On 
19 A])ril Austria brought matters t<j a crisis 
by trending an ultimatum tn Turin, and the 
war began. Maliuej^bury did his best to lo- 
calise it by strongly urging the states of fler- 
many toremain trnnquil, hut gained no credit 
at the Tuileries by the dcspntcb, as it was 
siipprcsineil by the French fon*ign minister^ 
(Vunt Wnlewski i}fnniiirxj \\. 170). His 
policy UB formulated on 4 May to her majesty's 
ministers abroad whs one of strict neutrality, 
combined with a readiness to exercise good 
offices in the cause of poace- 

The government wiie beaten on the addrew 
on 10 June 18fi9. Mnlmesbur}* maintained 
that the defeat would have iK-en avoided if 
Disraeli hnd laid the Italian blue-book on 
the table. His statements on the point are, 
however, to he received with caution. Cob- 
den cannot, as he says, have been one of the 
dozen or more members who subsequently 
expressed their regret at having voted aKainsC 
him, asCobden had not returned from Ame- 
rica (jMohley, CoJ)dfn,\\. 226). And though 
Malmesbury a.«<«erts in bis 'Memoirs' that 
the reason of Disraeli's conduct was that he 
hod not read the book (p. 192), the real reason 
seetns to have been that it was not printed, 
and that, as ibev wer*» certain to be defeated 
sooner or later, ^^almesbury*s colleagiies did 
m>t care to wait for it (Kebbel, Tirrhy^ in 
the 'Statesman Series.' p. 210). "When the 
blue-book did appear CountVitrihum thought 
that Malmesbury was not quite equal to bis 
task \Hi. Pdcriflmrp nnd London, chap, ivi.) ; 
but it contained evidence of able and straight- 
forward, if somewhat fidgetty^ diplomacy. 



Harris 



13 



Harris 



On bis rotirement from office Malmesbury | 
wnB crealeJ G.f'.B. 

In May 1(^00 Malmcsbury made an offer to 
lx>ni Palmerstoii in tbe names of Lord Derby 
and Disraeli of support agtiinst liis own col- 
leBgiie«. Lord Jubn UuK?sen and Mr. Glad- 
stone, if tliev rt'rtijfm'd on tbe jMwtjiorieraent 
of tbe Ilefnrm Dill, imd in iKil. during a 
Tisit to Paris, attempled to remove tbt; em- 
peror's prejudices ai^aiust iLe conaen'stive 
party. la I80r3 he made a creditable effort 
to induce the French sfovemment to hiii^ 
render the statues of Ilenry II, Klcbard I, 
and tbuir queentt, which are in the vaults of 
the abbey of Fontevruult, but without 9uc- 
p£eas, tbouffh the attempt wng rt-newed iu 
^ 1800. In the absence of Ixird Durby, Malmes- 
biiry moved, on 8 .Inly 18(54, tfie vole of 
censure on I>ird Palmerston's government 
for ilH management of the Panish question, 
and carried it by a majority of nine ; but the 
opiMsitioD was defeated by eighteen in the 
lower house, and the liberal* remnini.'d in 
power until 18<m. On the formal ion of Lord 
Derby's third miniatrv, iu June of that year, 
3ialme»bury declined the furtlgn olHce in 
[ CoaseQUeuce of iU-henlth, and aeceptwl the 
post of lord privy seal. Diirinp the Keform 
Jiill agitation he made a sjHt'^'h at t'bri&t- 
churcH in denial of Mr. nrighl'a stuteinent 
that the Houne of I^rds was hostile to re- 
form, and ill tbe following session attempt eil 
todissunJel^ril l>erl>y from introducing the 
* Six Minutes' ISill. lie conducted the Ke- 
fonn bill through the House of Lords, 
where an nmenchnenl was carried against 
bim by I-ord Cairn** raising the lodger frnn- 
chiae from 10/. to 15/. In I-'chruor)- ]8(ifci, on 
the resignarinn of I>^rd IX^rbv, he Ijecnme 
lender of tbe House of I-onls, and ^iroved 
aurcessful, in npite of his somewhat slipshod 
oratory ; but in December he retired in favour 
cf Lord Cainis. On '27 April and 8 July 
IbGi) he made important speeches on the Lil'e 
Peerages lUll, and succeeiled in getting it 
rejected by 106 votes to 77. He waa again 
lord privy seal in 1H74, under Disraeli, but 
xesigiied m lrt7tt owing to increasing dtuf- 
cew*. One of his last appearances was in 
18t*l , when he supported the proposrtl to plaw 
A statue of Lord Beacousfiela in \Vci<t minster 
Abbey. 

Besides his grandfather's joumnlmentione<l 

Above, Malmesbury published iu 1870 a selec- 

tion entitled 'A Series of Letters of thn FirBt 

Earl of Malmeshurv, his l''amilv, and Friends, 

1 from 1745 to IHltV In 1884*hi« own * Me- 

Lanoirs of an Kx-Minister' api>eared in two 

Toliimes, and jirnmplly went intfi a fourth 

[edition. They comprise a preface dealing 

[>witb events Iwtweea 1807 and 1S34, and * a 



macMolne of memoranda, diary, and corre- 
spondence/ concluding with an account of 
an interriew with Napoleon III at Chisle- 
hiirst on '21 March 1871. Hia principal ob- 
ject was to sketch * the three administration] 
of the late Karl of I>erby, whose colleague I 
was, and also some incidents respecting one 
of ihe most remarltable men of tfiif* century, 
namely, the Emperor Louis Najuleon.* The 
book alao givos us a good idea of Disraeli's 
earlier career as a conservative leader, aadJ 
incidentally depicts Malmcebury himself as a] 
man of considerable abilities and statecraft^j 
of much urbanity and amiability in prirataJ 
life, and a devotwl B{>ort4man. The ooa*l 
]H)litical {tort ion of the bookcontainBBct*ouDt« ' 
of visilji lo the continent, court and society 
goasin, and Well-told, if sometimes ney, 
anecdotes (see lellera to the *Tirae«' or 
Ijord GranTille of 7 Oct., Sir \. BorihwicJc 
14 Oct.. Eari Grey 22 Oct., I»rd Malmrf- ] 
bury, embodying a correction from Mr. Ghul- 
stiine, ii DwT.) 

Malme»bury married, first, on 13 April 
18iJ0, Lady Emma Deuuet, only daughter of 
the filth Ear! of Timkerville; she died 17 Mav 
lH7ti. Her portrait, painted by EdwJn Lanu- 
scor in 18.*W, which was received by Malmes- 
hurv from Landseer's executors in IH77, now 
haiigfi at Heron's Court, Hum|»ihin»: w- 
coiidly,in \r*SO, Susan, the daughter of John 
Hnmdton of Kyne Court House, Somerset- ' 
shire, but leaving no issue waa succeeded 
on his death, on 17 May 186W, by hia nephew, 
( '-cilniud Edward .Ismes Harris, »<m of hjs se* 
cniid brolher, Edward (bee below). 

IUuKts,SiiiEDWARnAr,mEDJoR3r(l80e- 
IH.S.**), admiral, second brolher of the alK»ve, 
wiis born '20 May IHOH, and educated willi, 
his brother till 1822, when hv went to the| 
Uoyal Naval College, Portsmouth, and next 
year entered the royal navy os raidsliipmnni 
III) bnurd the Isis : he became lieutenant iuj 
KebruHrv lrt2H,nnd tme through the varioufli 
rnnlt's till he was appointed admiral on the| 
rew^rved list in 1877. From 1H44 to lS52he 
represented Christchurch in iwirliament ; in 
1852 he was appointed consul-general in ]»en- 
nmrk, but was in the same year transferred 
to Lima as charg^ d'aOaii'es and consul-gene- 
ral: the latlerjjofit he exchanged fora similar 
nne in Chili in January iHiVt. In lf^.58 he 
wiisapjMiinted consul-general fortheAustrian 
cnmstsof the Adrin tic, and afterwards minister 
at I^Toe; in 1887 he was transferred lo the! 
Hagui'. He was made bK.C.K. in 1872, andj 
retired on a ])en»ion in November 1877. He 1 
died 17 .7uly IM88, Imving married (4 Ai^. ' 
1841) Emma Wyly. daughter of Captain 
Samuel Chambers, R.N., by whom he had, 
with other issue, Edward James, now fourth ! 



««.rl of Malmesbury (TVmor, 18 July 1888, 
p. 7). 

[Lord llftlmf*bur}''§ Memoirs of fto Ex-Minis- 
1«r, 3p! will.; Times. 18 iliijr 188d. For nn'iyww 
of iho Mem*» i> f>*tti tht* Sjttunlay Itcviow, *-yl. 58 ; 
MacmiUau'v M.igMiat\ toI. 51 ; Tlic Kdiiiburi^h 
Rctiaw, Tol, Itifl ; The Wwitminater Koriew, 
Tul. 133.] L.C.S. 

HARRIS, JOHN (lfi«8 ? -1C5S), warden 
of Wiacbeftter College, born at IlanlwicliG, 
Backingbamfftiire. about 15$d, was the son 
of Kicbard HnrriR, rector of IJardwicke. 
After being educated at Winchester College, 
wbtre be entered as a w?bnlar in 1 r»W>. lie whs 
fellow atK)6-t'-J) of New Cnllnge, Oxford, 
and ]^roceeded M.A. on ^3 Jan. lOll (Wood, 
J-'tutt OxMi, ed. Bliss, i. 342). lie became 
*so admimble a Grecian and so noted a 
preacher that BirHen. Savile iimhI frequently 
to Bay that he was second to St. Cbrysostomc ' 
(Wood, Athene^ Orvn. ed. Bliss, lii. 455). 
In 1017 be was elected one of the nnivereity 
procionif and in Ifllll, heinp then H.D., wa8 
appointed repuft profi**s<jr nf (.3iv«-k. He re- 
siffned hi* jin)ffa*ior8hip in June l&J'J^ nn ar- 
cepting the thirteenth preljeudal stuJl of 
Combe in the church of Wl-IIs, which lu; ex- 
cbangiMl for that of Whitchurch in February 
\&2ii-7 (Lk Neve. Ftufi, ed, Ilardv. i. :i03, 
210). On 19 May 10^8, being lben'D.D.,ho 
wa« mnde prelx-ndan' of the seventh stall in 
the church of Winchester (i7*. tii. 38), and 
obtained the rectory of Meon-Stoke, llouip- 
ihire. In September \G3Xi he was elected 
warden of Winchester CoUegi*, wlii-r*? he 
built • the sick house.' During the civil war 
he sided with the presbyterians, was cho^ien 
one of the assembly of divines, took the 
coTCTOint and other oaths, and so kept his 
Tvortleaship. He died at Winchester on 
11 Aug. 1BJ)8, agtxl 70, and was buried in 
ibe college chapel. IIh wrot*; ' A Short 
View of thp Life and Virtues of I>r. Arthur 
Lakft, Aometime Bishop of Hath mid Wf'Us,' 

Srefixed to the lattcrs * Sermons,' fol. Lon- 
on, 1639, and seveml letters to William 
^Twuset wliich, with Twiase's answers, were 
H&Ushed by Himry Jeuea, fol., Oxford, 

[AathoritioR AS alioTe; Kirby's Wiachs^ter 
Scbolan, pp. 2, 168.] U. O. 

HARRIS, JOHN. n.B. (Ia67f-i:i9), 
•ci^mtific wTiter, divine, and topographer, 
barn about 1667. probably in Shropshire, re- 
ceived his education at St. John's College, 
CainbridE"e. where be proceeded B.A. in 16B7, 
and comn)f>nced M.A. in 1691 (Cnntahr. 
Graduatit 1787, p. IW)). After taking orden 
b? was presente<i to the vicarage of Ickle»- 
haB, Sussex. On 7 S«pt. 1U90 be entered 



on the cure dF the adjacent pariah of Win- 
clielsea, hv the si>ecial order of the Bishop 
of rhichest»<r. and on U Keb. 1690-1 he 
was in<!ucteil into tiie rertory of St. Thomas, 
Winchelsea (CoopEit, Hint' of WijH'hflwn^ 
p. 14:i). lie was patronised by Sir William 
Cowper, lord keeper of the great seal {after- 
warcu Lord Cowiter and lord cliancellor), 
Cowperoppointednitn his chaplain; obtained 
for him u prebend in the cathedral of Itoehe»- 
ter, in which he was installed 6 Feb. 1707-8; 
ami prt'sent'Od him to the united parishes of 
St. .Mildn-^I. Bread Street, and St. Margaret 
Moses, London. I larri.*) also hold the perpetual 
curacy of Strood, Kent, to which he was ap- 
pointed^ in right of his prebendal stall, on 
Ift* Aug. 1711 ; and he was (iresented to the 
rectory of East Barmini;, Kent, in 1715. lU 
woaaevnely persecuted by the Uev. Cliarlfs 
Humphreys, lecturer at St. Mildred's in 1708,. 
who held him up to ridicule in q publication 
entitled 'The rictureof a High-flyingClergy- 
man* (London, 17161. 

.Vt an early uge hirt studies had token a 
scientitic turn, and tm 29 April 1690 he was 
elected a fellow of the Royal Society (Thoh- 
Bo.N, llUi. Ro\ja{ iS'tr. .\pp. p, xxix). Two 
years later he preached the Boyle lectures in 
St. Paul's Cathedrol. He toolc the degree of 
B.D. at Canibridgi> in 161*9, and obtained the 
Lambfthdegn><MifP.]).onlOJul>-I70e((7«i^ 
Maff. ccxvi. OIW). About l(Ji)8, orsoon after- 
wards, he began 1o read free public lectures 
on mathematics at the Marino Collee llausi^ 
in Birehin Lane. Tlinse lectur«s had been 
iustituiod * fortbc public goi>d' by Mr. (after- 
wards Sir Charli-s) C^ix, M.P. " Harris was 
still engaged in delivering ihosn lectures in 
1702 and 170-1 : and in the formir year he 
also taught all kinds of mathematics at his 
bouse in Amen Comer, 'where anyni^rson 
might be eilhi*r boarded or taught by the 
month.' In 1 706, and perhaps earlier, he was 
a member of the council of the Royal Society, 
and cm 30 Nov. 1709 be was elected secre- 
tary, an office which he held for only one 
year. He is supposed also to have been for 
a short time a view-president of the society. 
Ho was employed bv the London booksellers 
to compile a * Collection of Voyage* and 
Travels, which was afterwards improved by 
Dr. John Campbell ; and he likewise, at their 
suggestion, proiwrt'd thf* first Knglish 'Dic- 
tionary of Arts and Sciences," from which 
more recent cyclopffidiaa take their origin. 
In 1712 he began to make collections for n 
' Iliatory of Kent,' of which one volume — of 
little value — was published shortly after hia 
death. 

Harris was culpably improvident, and waa 
generally in distress. He died on 7 Sept. 



Harris 



u 



Harris 



1719 aa absolute pauper, at Norton Court, 
Keut, and whb buried in Norton Church at 
the expense of John Godfrey, esq., whu hml 
lonff been his friend and btrnHfactor. 

His worlts are: 1. 'KemurkH on somu late 
Pttpero relatinp; to the Universal Deluffe.aud 
to tlie Natural History of the Earth, tion- 
doH, Uj97, 8vo ; aa nbfo defRUCX' of the sye- 
tom of Dr. Woodward against the attacks of 
Dr. Mnrtin Liaterand others. 2. 'TheAlhtiiH- 
tioal Ohitvitions agninst the licing of tiod, 
anil his Attributoa, fairly conaideredand fully 
refuted,' Iwinjf the Boyle U-cturea for ItillH. 
3. 'Short but yet plain I'Jlenientsof (.ieoine- 
try and l'hineTri4!'onometTy,' 1701, from the 
French ui Igtiace (Jaston Pardies. 4. 'The 
descript ion and uses of the Ctilest lal and T'.t- 
reslrial Gloht*:*, and of ColUna's rochet l^un- 
drant,' London, 1703, 8vo. 6. ' Lexicon Toch- 
uiciuu ; or an Universal English Dictionary 
of Arts and Sciences, explaining not only the 
terms of Art, but the Arts themselveu,' 1 w\. 
London, 1701; 2nd «dit., 2 vol8. 170H-10, 
The first volume wan dedicated to Prince 
George of Denmark, and the second t«i Lord- 
chancellor Cowper. A Biipplt-mont to the 
work ' by a society of genllt'ini'u' appeart^d 
at Ijondon In I7-i4, fol. 0. * Xnvigantium 
atijue Itinerautium Bibliotheca: or a cora- 
pleat Odlf^et ion of Voyages and Travels, con- 
sifiting of above four hundred of the most 
autlientick writers,* '2 vols,, l^ndon, 170.'», 
fol. Another edition, rovi»ed, with large 
additions, by Dr. John Campbell, 2 vols., 
1741-8, fol.,* and again, 2 vols., 17t>4, fol. 
7, *The London Mercliftnt's Mirror, or the 
Tradesman'a Guide, being Tables for the 
ready casting up Bills of Exchange,' Lon- 
don,'l705, a small sheet composed and en- 
pTived by Harris. 8. 'The British Hero; 
or a disioourse shewing that it is the interest, 
as well as duty, of every BriUm to avow his 
loyalty to King George on the pres^'ut im- 

ffirlAnt crisis of nffnirn,' a sermon, London, 
rifi, 8vo. 9. ' TliH Wickedness of the pre- 
tence of Treason and Kebellion for God's 
sake,' a sermon, London, 1715, 8vo. 10. 'As- 
tronomical Dialogues between a Gentleman 
and a Lady: wherein tlie Ihxitriue of the 
Sphere, uses of the Globes, and the Elements 
of Astronomy and Geography are explained. 
\Vi(h ft description of the Orrery,' London, 
1719, 8vo, 2nd and 3rd e<litions, eom>cled 
bv J. Gordon, 1720 and 17(itS. U. 'The 
Sistory of Kent, in five parts,' vol. i. (all 
published), London, 1710, fol. This work 
IS extremely inaccurate. Thirty-aix of the 
plat*»8 of the seats and towns were after- 
wards published sepflrately. Some of the 
?Iatea were engraved by Harris himself. 
[arris's manuscript collections passed, after 



the death of his friund John Godfrey, int 
ihuhandsdf Edward Goddard, esq., of Clyfl 
IVpard, Wiltshire, who possessed them i^ 
17(11, but Hasted, the historian of Kent, wa 
not ableto recover them (NicuoLSjXj'^.^nf 

His portrait, engraved by G. White, from 
a painting by B. Wliite, is prefi.xed to the 
' Lexicon Technicum ; ' another, engraved by 
Vertue, from a pointing by A. Kussel, a|H 
pears in the ' History of Kent.' 

[Addit. ilS. 6871. f. 43 A- Evans's Cat. of 
Engraved Purtmits. No. 6012: Gent. Mag. 1814, 
pt. i. p. 19: Gouuli's British Topogniphy, i. 445, 
4fl2, 4S3, 788; Ibistod'a Kfot, i. pref. iv, 657. ii. 
29 II.; Lo Xovc's l-'asti ; Lovmdes's BiU. Man. 
(jiohn). p. 1002; Nichols's Lir. Anocd. ix. 76^: 
Keess Cjclopflcdia; Memoirs of Whislon.p. 135.1- 

T. C. ^ 

HARRIS, JOHN (,/!. 1(580-1740), en- 
graver, was mainlv employed on engraving 
for works on arcliitecture or topography. 
The earliest engraving bearing his name is 
one of* The Encampment of the Royal Army 
on Hounslow Heath in 1686.' In 1700 he 
engriived a map of the world after a drawing 
Iiy Ivlmund HaJley. He engraved some of 
the views of gentlemen's seats in * Britannia 
Illu8trata'(170i)-31) and some of the eleva- 
tions in the fourth volumeof'VitruriusBri* 
tannicus' (1739). Among other engrav 
by him are n view of C^adiz, some vioi 
of St. MarjMe-Strand, some plates for T,| 
Boston's * Ships of the Royal N'avy,' plat 
for the * Oxford Almanack,' &c. His wor 
was carefully executed. Vertue mention 
among the eiigravers living in London vxi 
1713 * Harris, jun.: etcher,' thus suggestl 
that thi're were two of the name. 

[Stniti's Diet, of Engra\-er«; Dodd's manti- 
scripl Hiwl, of Kngravcrs (Brit. Mu». Add. M9J 
33401); VcrtiicB MSS. (Briu Mu.-*. Add. M8j 
23070.)] L. C. 

HARRIS, JOHN' (d. 1834), water-colour" 
painter, was one of the earliest artists who 
produced tint-ed drawings. He exhibited afi 
the Unyal Academy from 1802 to 18lfl, and 
made some designs for illustrations. He ' 
probably iilentica.1 with John Harris, a ; 
mason, who executed some masonic plates in^ 
lithography in 182r>, and in 183S published 
a lithngrajili from a drawing taken on thft^ 
spoT, 7 July Ifi33, of the * Raising of th 
Block of <Tranito which forma the Pedimen 
of the Porch for New Bridewell lu Totliill! 
Eields.' Harris died in 1S34. 

IRedgravo's Diet, of Artists; Graves's Die 
of Artists, 1760-1880.] L. C. 



Harris 



Harris 



, JOHN (170&-1&46), puUUher, 
. bom in 1 7-56. At a yery earlv age he 
i apprenticed to Evans the bookseller, and 
in 1773 the affray between Oold- 
_ tilh and his emplover in respect of a libel 
io tho ' London Pacfeet,' of whidi the latter 
vus the ptiblmher. After beine ^ith Grana 
for about fotirtecn yearA.he nettled a» a book- 
teller at Rury St. Kdmundi. l^^turcin^ 
ahorrly aiterwarda to London^ he was aitc- 
ccsstrely assistant to Mr. John MumiT and 
Mr. F. Nowbery, the publisher, of St. i'aul's 
Churchyard, whow imprint the * Gentleman's 
JUagazinf? * then bopp. On the death of New- 
brry, in 1780, Hnrris nndertook the manage- 
ment of th« business for hiit widow. On her 
retirement thorefrora he succeeded to it, and 
in the course of several years amassed an 
ample fortun*?. Before hi.« death, which took 
place at AValworth on 'J Nov. 1K46, he took 
luB aon into partnership, and the business was 
aiVpTwards styled Hiirris & Son. As a pub- 
lisher he dispUyed much of the ingenuity 
and energy of his predecessor, John New- 
bery, who founde*! the biwinww in 1740, and 
dnrtng hi^t career he produced manv valuable 
workji for young pe«i{ile of an ec^ucation&l 
nature, as well &s others of a lighter kind, 
emplovtng sucli authors as yirs. Trimmer, 
Mrs. Itovechild, Mrs. Hofiand, Iroac and 
Jeffirers Taylor, and the Abb6 Gnultier. He 
■Iso rally maintained the chnmcter of the 
lioiu* OS the recognised source uf tJie supply 
at books for the nursery. 

[Nifhola's Lit. Anecd. viii. 619; Gent. Mag. 
ISiC. ii. 6d4, and originul sources.] C. W. 

HARRIS, JOHN. D.D. (1802-1850), 
pnncii>al nf New College, Ijondon. eldest son 
of a tailor and draper,was bom at Ugboroiigh , 
De\*onshire, 8 March 1802. He was of a stu- 
dious disposition, and acqnireil the name of 
'LittleParwn Harris.' About 18lobi»parenti) 
removed to Brii*tol, when, although employed 
during working hours in his fother'sahop,he 
gave much of bis nights to study and sclf- 
UDprovemenl. Soon he began to preach in 
Tillages around t he city in connect ion with the 
Bristol Itinerant Society. The little clupda 
wertj always cmwded to hear him. He was 
called the Mwy preacher,' and was highly 
popular with his auditors. After studying for 
a time under the Kev. AV alter ScottofRowell, 
be in 1823 entered the Independent College 
at Uoxton. Having completed his academic 
coarse he became minister of the oongrega- 
tional church at Epsom in I82o, and here 
established hia reputation ai) a preacher. Al* 
though neither & fluent nor a tbeatrical ora- 
tor, the excellence of his matter attracted 
rded audiences. Soon after the publica- 




tion of his first work, 'The Great Teadwr/ 
in 1835, he won a prize of a hundred guineas 
offered by Dr. John Trickey Conquest for the 
best essav on the sin of covet ousnes.*. His 
essay, pn&lished in IbUfi, was ent itled * Mam- 
mon, or Coretoosaess the Sin of the Christian 
Church,* and more than a humlred thousand 
coptea were sold. Its plain speaking offended 
some theologians, and t he Krv. James EUabv, 
the Rer. Algernon Sydney Thelwall. and 
others issued replies condemnatory of the 
principles of the book. A priae giwn by the 
British and Foreign Sailors' Society for the 
best essav on the claims of saamea to the 
regard of the Christian worid w«a von by 
Harris, and jrablished in 1837 under the title 
of* Britannia, or the JloralCIoimn of Seamen.* 
Afler publishing sermons and otiifraddressWf 
he received in 1835 from Pn*. Walsh, Ward- 
law, Bunting, and other divines the prize of 
two hundred guineas forbtseesayun Christian 
misaions, published under tiie title of ' ITio 
(Jreat Commission/ 1842. In 1837 he was 
appointed to the theological choirat Chesfaunt 
College. Next year he married Mary Anne 
Wraughnm, daughter of W. Wranghamanda 
niece of Archdeacon Francis Wrangham. In 
1 838 Harris received from Brown L niveniity, 
America, a diploma of doctor of divinity. 
(Ju the occasion of the amalgamation in 
iHoO of the Independent Colleges of Qigb- 
bury, Homerton, and Coward into Ncfw Col- 
lege, St. John's Wood, London, he became 
the princii>al of the institution and its pro- 
fessor of theology 1 Oct. 1851, He after- 
wards published works to show 'that there 
IS a theology in nature which is one with the 
tbeolo^ of theBible'(cCNoa.6and 7 below). 
As a tneologian be soitght to infuse a morv 
genial and humane spirit into the dry dogmas 
of theology, and to urge Christians to reduce 
their belief to practice. Some of his works 
display profound and patient thought in meta- 
physical tbeolog}'. llis circle of readers in 
Great Britain was limitei], but in America 
hifl writings obtained great popularity. In 
1852 he was chosen chairman of the (!x>ngre- 

Stional Union of England ond Wales. He 
>d of pyiemia at the college, St. John's 
Wood, London, 21 Dec. 18o41, and was burled 
in Abney Turk cemetery. 

His published works, besides sermons, ad- 
dreBses, and those easays alreadv mentioned, 
were: 1. 'The Great Tcichor: C&aracI eristics 
of Our Lord's Ministry,' 1835, his best book. 
2. 'The Divine Estahhshment,* 1836. 3. 'The 
Christian Citizen/ a sermon, with an appendix 
of notes, 1837. 4. ' Union, or the Divided 
Church Made One,* 1837. o. 'The Import- 
ance of an Educated Ministry,' a discourse, 
1843. 6. •ThePre-AdamiteEarth/contribu- 



Harris 



x6 



Harris 



twoa to tbeologioil Kieace. l&ia. 7. * Man 
PrintevK], or t£e Constitution and Primitive 
Condition of lb«HiunuiBemK.'l'^in. 8. 'The 
InepiralioD of the Scripliirv^,' introductory 
lectures at the openingof New College, lt*ol. 
0. 'The Altar of the Hoa»ehold/ services 
for domestic worship, by the Her. C. Wil- 
liams, edited by J. llarm and others, IHTx) ; 
other oditioni' in 1859. 1867. and 1873. 
10. 'Pofthumous Worksof ReT.JohnHarrie,* 
edited by Rev. Philip Smith (two volnmrs 
of sermons only), iMued in 1^57. He wa« 
one of the editors of the 'Kiblical Review,' 
and contributed lai^ly to the congragmt ional 
and evan^lical mngaxines. 

[Gent. 3f]i^. 18^7, pt. t. p. 240; Men of the 
Time, 18^. pp. 3(1.2-4; Allibooaj. 791 ; UnaiUo't 
Pint Gillery of Literary Ponmiu. 1845. p. 212; 
Eclectic Review, 4th wr. 1837-5U, iv. 303-19, 
xxi. 137-&4. xivi. 812-26; Goagregstional Year* 
Book. 1858, pp. 207-9.] G. C. B. 

HARRIS, JOHN ( 1 820-1 884 ). poet, eldest 
Bon of John l(nrri!i, miner and farmer, wlio 
died. 23 April 1848, by his wife Christiauna 
Smith, was bom at Six Chimneys Cotta^, 
Bolennowe Hill, Camborne, Com walUMOct. 
1820. The only education he received was 
at some small kical »chooU ; at nine years of 
age he worked on a farm with an nncle, and 
was next employed in tin streaming. When 
aged ten he was enga^^ at Dolcoatb mine, 
near Camborne, drcaainff eopp)>r ore. In hii; 
leisure time he managm to improve hia edii- j 
cation, and commenced making verses. At 
the age of twelve he went underground in 
Uolcoath mine with his father. A diiv«> by < 
him on the death of some men who were killccl 
in Cam lirra mine wa? printed and sung by a 
blind man in the streets of Camborne, llu^h 
Rogers, rector of Camborne, and others lent 
him books, by which he gnidiiany acquired a 
knowledge of English po«-'tic lilernture. In 
1844 he Wl become a'tribiitor' in Dtilcoath 
mine, and managed to save 200/., with a por- 
tion of which he built a house with his own 
hands in hijispart; time. In the following year 
be married Jane, daughter of James Rule of 
Troon, by whnm he had several children. By 
the interest of George Smith, LL.D. [q. v.],of 
Trevu, HarrtB'fl first volume of poems, ent it led 
* Lays from t he Mine, t h*; .Moor, and the .Mimn- 
tain.'wsfl printed bysubscnptionin 1853, and 
; reachcdasecondt-ditioninlSSG. Bythehtnd- 
ncss of Mr. Edward Bast in he was enabled to 
(rive up working as a miner, and received in 
Angnst 1857 a itmaJl appointment as scrip- 
tare reader in Falmouth. He had long been 
ft local preacher among the Wealeyans. From 
this time he issued a volume nearly every year. 
In 1864 he competed for the Shaliespeare ter- I 
centenary poem, and obtained the mrat prize, j 



I Ilia poetry, much of which is narratirv.] 
naturml and melodiously rhymed, and 
been popular in Cornwall. Fifty pouiL._ 
was granted him from the Roval Literary 
Fond in 1872 a td again in 1875, wl''- 
Lord Beaeonsfield In 1^77. and Mr. GL 

stone in 1881, each jiecured liLn 200/. frt 

the Royal Bounty Fun-L The only time he 
wa* ever oat of his native county was in 
1864, when he made a journey to .Stratfonl- 
on-Avon. lie was struck with paralysis 
14 April 1878. died at KiLligrew Terrace. 
Falmouth, 7 Jan. 1884, and was buried sl 
Treslotfaan on 10 Jan. His wife, who vm 
bom at Troon, Camborne, 24 Nov. 1821, ttiB 
sunivesv A son, John Alfred Harris, boHL 
at Plymouth 17 Feb. I8ti0, a wood engraTOM 
working in a recumbent position owuuf to 
a »pinal affection, illunrated many M^hls 
father's writings and other works, 

Boatdes the works named Harris wrote i 

*The Land's End and other Poems,* 18591 

I ' The Mountain Propbetf' 1860; * A Story at 

Cam Brea.'ld63; 'Shakspeire's Shrine,' 186«j 

I ' Luda. a Lay of the Druids," 1868; • Bulol 

i Reuben Ro5s,^&c., 1871 ; • Wayside PicturraB 

I 1874; 'Walks with the Wild Flowere,'187St 

•Tales and other Poems,' 1877; 'The Tw 

O iant*,' 1 878 ; ' Monro,' 1879 ; and ' My Aute 

biography,* 188d. He alw wrote twenty-fou 

tracts entitled * Peace Pages for the Peoo' 

contributed to ' Tlie Band of Hope/ '!«- 

, Family Friend.'and other periodicals, or for 

I the Leominster Tract Association and the 

I Religious Tract Society. 

[John Hftrris. the Coniikh Poet, by hts Boa. 
John Howard Harria, ISSi ; My Autobiugtaphj, 
by John HarriR, 188'J, with purtnut; Boaie and 
Courtney*8 Bibliotheca Comubiensis, pp. 20fi-9, 
1217-18; Boa8«'s CoUsctaooa ConiabieMia. p. 
a2»-I 0. C. B. 

HARRIS. JOHN RYLAND (Ibvjls 
Ddu oLANTiwT)(1802-1823),aut,hor, only- 
son of the RcT. Joseph Harris (Oomer)rq.r.M 
was bom at Swantvea 20 Oec. 1 802. Wheaf 
nine years old his delight was to be at tfai 
compositor's frame, and when thirteen hL, 
father, finding Mm more inclined to the-1 
frame than to study, took him to the print-J 
ing (illice, and for tte next four years he didf 
all the compositor's work, which includ«dl 
in IH18 and (KIM the printing of hJR father's! 
newspaper, the * Seren (lomer,' and other! 
works uf importance. After this he returned I 
to his books, and studied Latin, Greek, He-l 
brew, German, French, and Italian. The' 
progress, however, was effected at the expem._ 
of his health, which had never been strong. 
His first literary effort, made when he was 
between eleven and twelve, was 'Cyraorth i 
Chwertbin'('Aids to Laughter*), and it passed 




bmugh twoiKlitinus. Ilts coiitrtbiitloim tn 
, di.mer' fnno IRlK (ill 1833 whtp nu- 
I nnd jlrikinp. They appt^oKcl nnony- 
jr, fmbniC'*<l a ffrt'iii %arieiy'^raubjectf», 
WWII flrr.'«t<'«l crtHfiiderabie ottf^iition. 
IHUt Hr. \V. 0. Puf^lip $ont him, in oon- 
'" lim nf thoir merits, n copy of his'Coll 
I," fUe Welsh trani»latiiin ftf Milton's 
li*A I .fMt ,' lon^ ]iaiit3d^0!! of which Harris 
■inittMl to memory. ITiis probnbly in- 
Hiir*d him Iiit^r on to undertnke the tmna- 
Ution of thi«* l*iimdiw Itt'irnlntKl,' spwimen* 
of which Bpp<'nr«l intbe*L'nmbn>Itnlou'iitiJ 
met with jrr»?iit flj'iiroval, In l^"il he carried 
on a warm conlruvfrsy in the 'Cambrian' 
Cjntfniinc the ^\'l^lfth laiitfua^e, which he 
jtaAAinnAtcl T loved, and thi* bronpht him cor- 
rictpondoncc from many men of lotters. Hv 
jTTotc two of X\ie hymns in his father's hymn- 
ink, and oneof thiem continues popnliir. An 
licle of his apwared in the * Monthly Ma- 
in«' on the XVel^h eoundg *ch ' and * II.' 
lis lart published work was 'Grisinti Cordd 
t,'aij^iiidt»to therpftdingof mnsic. Two 
^•ditions wert* spe^-dilyaold. At the time 
pdealh he had a Welih and Knj^ljsh dic- 
' on a huge Kale in preparnrion, ami 
eomtt pmpress with Iiis 'Oeirlyfr 
ol,' a kind of rhyming dictionary. 
I of consumption 4 l>t*c. 1823, wbua 
ly twenty-one. 
Tbe memoir (,' Cofiant leuan Ddn') by hia 
Atber if one of the moet touching tilings in 
fbe Welsh language. 

[Jooaa'a OetrUdar FTwgraffydilol, i. ^ItiSA 

11 J. J. 

HARRIS. JOSEPH (P) (Ji. 1661-1681), 
tor, waa a member of the company of Sir 
tlLtam l>'Arenantat Lim-nln'R Inn FieUU. 
one uf four actorfi sworn in to fier\'e 
of York. Until late in ihefoUow- 
itury he is only mentioned as Mr. 
iiTri*. To a confusion with an inferior actor, 
JoMph Uarris {J. 1681-1609) [q. v.l is pro- 
habty dan the oacription to him of the name 
_of Joamh. 

Harna'a flnt tveorded part was A tphonso in 
k^'AwiaBta 'Siego of Rhoiles,' in which ho 
1 in lOtH. In I tie cotir«)^nf tlu'same 
B, 1 1 Au;r., he wa."i t he original Younger 
inn in the ' Wita," Tnininn Junior in 
i^oller of Culemftn Street,' Horatio in 
let/ and (be original Count Prosper© 
Itcnant'* * I-ovc and Honour.' Ilarria 
'till* thrr* actors to whom, on the 
I of ' I^ve and Honour,' the king, 
Tof York, and the Karl of Oxfonl 
■lifS Uiair coronation suits. On 1 March 
lOflV fca i^ared KomAO to the Juliet of Mrs. 
SsaaderMm and iba Metentio of Detterton ; 





and on 20 Oct. wr8 the original BL'Hupres In 
the* Villain ' of Thouina Porter. A lull list. 
of the characters in which he \& known to 
have played is given in Oenesl (i. IWB-O). 
From this he appears to have been an actor 
of singularly varied powers, and equally at 
home in tragedy and comedy. Among hia 
rfllea were Sir Andrew Agucchoek, Duko 
Ferdinand in the ' Duchess of Malfi,' Car- 
dinal WoMey. and MaediilF. A list of ori- 
ginDlchnrncters almost ns long and ne varied 
as thai of Hniterl on stands oiip*>si()' his name. 
It inclu(lf!M, Ht Liiieoln'Mlnn ^ields, Don An- 
tonio in the 'Adventures of Five Hours,' 
adapted by Sir Samuel Tukc from Calderon, 
Jonuary ftttfS; King Henry in Lord Orrerv's 
'Henry A",* 13 Aug. 1601; Sir Frederick 
Frolic in Ktherege's ' Love in a Tub;' ThecH 
cles in the 'Rivals,' D'Avenant's alteration 
of* Two Noble Kinsmen ; ' AVamer in Drv- 
den'e ' Sir Martin ^farr-oll;' Sir Joslin Jolly 
in Ktherege's *Slie would if she could,' 
It Feb. Um8; l>on John in D'Avenant's 
' Mail's the Master.' 2t! Slarch ltttI8. In this 
piece Harris and Sandford. as two ballad- 
iiingers, song the epilogue. In 1*571 the com- 
pany removed to I^orset Gordcn, of which 
Lady I)'.\vcnant (through her son Charles), 
Betterton, and Harris wen- managers. At 
this houiH' Harris was the original Ferdi- 
nand in Crowne*» * Charlea \'III, or llie In- 
vasion of Naples/ Thernmenes in Otway'a 
' Alcibindes,' 5Ie<lley in Ktherege's 'Man of 
the Mode/ Di>n John of Austria in Otway'a 
•Don Carlos Prince of Smin/ Valentine in 
Otway'fl 'Friendship in T'nshion* (licensed 
31 May 1678), &c. He appears for the last 
timein]681 asCardinul HeuufortinCrowne'a 
adai)iHtion of ' King Henrv VI.' In playing 
' Th'- Man'.^ the Master,' flarris, using a foil 
without a buliou, hit Cudeman near theeye, 
disabling him from acting ever after. 

Davie*, whose information i.s deriveil from 
Dov^'nea, eulogises his powers. He was in 
aome parts held the eqnal of Betterton. Pepya 
ane&ka, 22 July 1dB3, of Harris leaving 
D'Avenant in consequence of being refuseu 
'!20/. for himself extraordinary more than 
Betterton or anybody else, upon every new 
play, and 10/. upon every revive/ The king, 
at tlie interee^wirin of D',\veniint, forbade the 
engagement of Harris at the Theatre Hoyal, 
IVpy« savs that Harris had become very proud 
of late, having been generally preferred to 
Betterton as 'a more avery man, as he is In- 
deed/ On lU l*ec. llarrii* i« said to have 
come back to his duties. On 24 Jan. 1666-7 
Harris visited Pepys, who found him 'a very 
curious and understanding person in all pic- 
tures and other things, and a man of fine 
conversation/ Ftipya admitted him to coa- 



Harris 



18 



Harris 



Btderable intimacy, askoU him to dmnrr, and 
to Ijriiifr with liim t>had\vel! the poet, and n^ 
|ireseii I ed li i in &v associated with young blades 
la ' hU tha roguish (? ) |htnf!« of the world/ 
30 May l*Mi«. A portmit nf Wiirris in his 
habit orilcnryV,' mighty like a player' but 
only 'proltv wt*U' in other rei>])ect*. waa exe- 
cut4?d by itnylB. and was seen by Pepys on 
fi Aug, HiiW. An engraving of Ilarns, exe- 
ciitrd by Harding from an original picture iu 
the colif cf ion of the Earl of Orford at Stniw- 
berry Hill, is given in Waldron'* *Shuke- 
8pf,>arean Miscellany/ 1802, with a biography 
of Uarriit compiled from Downea. 

IPcpys in hiH Dliry and Domos in tho Ro«- 
cia-i Anglieamis mipplytho information conoeru- 
injr fTairis which 15 embodied in anbawjuent com- 

E'LatioDB. Gcnest'tiAccuutitDf thoSiaire, Darim'a 
raaiatic Mi»i?elUnieA, and olhor wrka citoii 
nay bu cunsulted. A Mrriter in iho Dramatic 
EMainiKinw. 1829-30. ii. 3i>3-tf, misled by tho ro- 
'•Mnblnnco of nnmo, carries information concern- 
ing thia Harris to 171^0.] J. K. 

HARRIS, JOSEPH f./?. 1661 169D), 
actor and dramalii^t, joined tho king's com- 
pany of players at the Theatre Hoynl. He 
and three otht^rsare said by IJowues ( i?o*ci*ii« 
AnffliazntiA, n. 2) to have been bred up from 
lx>ys under tJio miwter aetnrs. Tho'Uiatory 
of tho Stage,* aiwribed to Retlertoii, says 
'Mr. Harris was bred a seal-cutler.' words 
which suggest anear relationshij» with Henry 
Harris (d. 1704 P) [q. v.]. chief engraver to 
the mint. So late as HiftO Harris plaved 
Colonel Downright in 'Widow Ranter/by 
Aln). Behn. He obtaininl little reputattoti 
in hia profession, and on I lie acce^ion of 
Queen Anno was appointed engraver to the 
mint. fJiles Jacob saya by the nasiatance 
of his frienda he arri\'ed at being an author 
(Lic^M and Chai'OfUr*, t. 1 2ft), and assigns 
him two plays: 1. *The Mistakes, or the 
Fal«el5oport,'atragi-coraedy,4to, 1691, acted 
at the Theatre Uoyal in 1690 by a com- 
pany including Mountfort and Mrs. Brace- 
girdle. This i-*i a poor piece as ru^Hrdji plot 
and Itttiguage, which according to Jacob wob 
compoaed by another person and cousigned 
to Harria, who spoiled it. 2. ' The City 
Bride, or the Meny Cuckold,' 4to, ItidG. 
This comedy, taken without acknowledgment 
from Wobator'a ' Cure for a Cuckold,' failed 
on the first representation. To these workfl 
the * Biographia Dramatica' adds (3) 'Love's 
aLotteryand aWomanthe Prize,'4to, 1699» 
to which is annexed (4) a masque, 'Love and 
Riches Reconcil'd,' both performed in 160i) 
at Lincoln's Inn FipUIj'. The plot of the 
former, according to (ienest (ii. I < H, is ' im- 
probable, but some parts of the dialogue are 



not 1)ad.' The masque ia uomentloned in] 
fionest. 

[Workw citwl ; Doraa'sAnnalaof tho Koglish ^ 
Stage, cd. Lowe.] J. K. 

HARRIS, JO.SEPH (1702- 1 764), assay] 
ma:»tor of the mint, eldeal Kon of Howel and I 
Susanna Harris of Treveccji iu the pariah nf* 
Tal^rth in Breconshire, wos born in 1702. 
He IS 6aid to have been originally a working 
blacksmith at his native place, but to have 
removed at an early age lo London, where he 
B'lon made his mark a» a writer on scientitio 
subjects. He wiw the autliur of several papers 
relating to a.<irron(>my and magnetic obeervo- 
lions in tfn- 'Philr>!M.i()lncal TranMCtions' be- 
tween 1728 and 1740. His other worka 
appear lo have bct-n iniblisthed anonymouslv, 
except that on ' f>ptics,' whieh appeared in 
1775 niter his death, and was intended to form 
part of an exhnustive treatise. Hia tyisay on 
monfv {\7i'A\) and coioa is still raluable. 
MacCuUoi'h calls it * one of the best works 
ever published on the subject.' In 'Murray's 
Mag-txine' for May lHtf7 it is describtid as'u 
careful and singularly advanced essay, which 
pr<»vcit him to have been a rigid niouometaUtst, 
as it contains the expression of an opiuton 
that only one metal can be money, a standard 
measure of property and commerce in any 
country.' This essay is also spt^cially re- 
ferred lo by Lnrd Liverpool in his celebrated 
letter to George III, dated 7 May lt?05, upoa 
the advantap,^s of gold as the single measure 
of value. Harris probably held some sub- 
ordinate post in the mint before his appoint- 
ment 08 assay master in 174>i. He died in 
tho Tower of London on 26 Sept. 1764, and 
was buried there. On his monument in Tal- 
garth Church it is said that 'he invented 
many mathematical instruments,' and that 
his political talents were well known to the 
ministers of the day, to whom he freely oom- 
municatwimany 'wise and learned ideas.* Ho 
married one of the daughters and heiresses 
of Thomaa Jones of Tredut^tan. Harris was 
niyi, as has been said, warden of the mint or 
fellow of the Koyal Society. 

Harris's works arc: 1. 'A Treatise on Na- 
vigation, containing the Theory of Navigation 
demonstrated, Naut ical Problems, Astrono- 
mical Problems, Practical Navigation^ To 
which is prefixed a treatise of Plane Trigono- 
metry,' London, 1730, 4to. 2. 'The Descrip- 
tion and Uses of the Celestial and Terrestrial 
Globe and llie Orrerv,' a revistvl edition of 
a work of John Harns's (1067-1710) [q. v.J, 
3rd ed, London, 17S4; 7tli, London, 1757 -e; 
9th, London, 17()3; lOth.Iiondou, 17(W,8vo. 
3. ' An l£ssaT on Money and Coins,' 2 pts., 
1756,8TO,1768,8ro. 4. 'A Treatiseof Optics/ 



* 



[arris 



t9 



Harris 



DQtoining^ elemenu of tliu scienoe in two 
iitks, London^ 177a. 

Harris's second brother, Thomas Hakris 

(17<VJ-17l*2), settled lu London us a inilur, 

btaiiLei] cnutracts fur sujiidyinff the artny 

rtth clothini;, and nmA><.<etl n eoriAider- 

ble fortune, with which he retired tn hi« 

ftlivv country and purchased the estates of 

^-gunter, Trevecca, Ac. He wan sheriff' of 

eonshire in 176H, uud died 23 Sept. 1782. 

pe*l 77- Howel Harris [n. v.], the Welsh 

iTinistic divine, was another brother. 

[Williams's Kniincut Welshmiiit ; Tho Qtieen'ii 

|b»7 Maat«r in Marmj'fr >Uff. for ^(^ly 1887, 

Professor C. Rolwrts-Aastcn ; Jiinej.ii liiut. 

r Brpoonahire ; Poole'* Hbt. of Breconnhiiv ; lettur 

cm Itcotor of Talgarth.] R. J. J. 

HARRIS, JOSEPH (d. IHU), organist 

ad miiftical cipmpo-itT, whose parents rmided 

Binninf^ham, marriciilatorl at Magdalen 

[JoUegv, Oxford, 1« Mtinrh 1773. He waa 

»t of St. Martin's Church, Birining- 

ii787, ond died at Liveqjool in 1H14. 

compositiona include: (fp. I. 

, armnged for solo voice with ac- 

oents of n (Jtring- qiiart*;t and liorna; 

p. -. Six harpsirliord quarlt^t?* and a quLn- 

Op. ;i. TweivB KongB for solo voice, and 

!ir>'ing ucrompaniments of pianoforte and 

ring and wtud iiutruinentj. Handel's in- 

DCfl is very apparent in Harrui's compoai- 

Son. 

[Diet, of Muaidiiiia, 1827. p. 832 ; Fostor'tf 
Uamai Ox*^v. ii. 613 ; Baoiv's Biittory of Old 
Bt.3fjutin'-, Btrminghani.p.fiO; Harriet Sonsa.] 

HARRIS, JOSEPH tfJoMEK) {1773- 
IftJS). author, bom at Llan-tv-ddewi, St. 
Dotfmell-*, Pf mbpikeshire, in 1 < 73, was tlie 
eldef^l snn'if Willinm Harriif, a fiuiall farmer, 
who could only nfford him an education at the 
ronunon ircho>)U of the district. He was an 
L.indiLntnoui istudcnt from the first. Like bis 
killer, who had left the establishment t^) 
t the bapti<-t church in the neighbourhood, 
►hwMu biiptiit, Hebecamechurchmem- 
P3it Llang^l'jtuLU to 1 71f3,and in 1705 wais in- 
itc«l to preach. In 1M(XI he was ordained at 
Buglotfan, itnd in the following year under- 
ok the pajioml oversight of the baptist 
"Ch at Swanst^a. In order to improve bia 
pledger of Kngltah he attended the Baptilt 
^,lth»tot, out after four months w«a 
to leave by want of funda. Br 
ereranee he at Uat bcGome an able 
ID Engliahf and he continut^d his 
_»t« at Swansea in the enjoyment of 
; popularity and reapect until Jiitt death, 
lO Aag. 183''>. He nerer recovered &om the 
ibodc of the death of bii onlv ion, John Ry- 
lad Hum [q. r.l, in 1823. ' 



Ilarrin waa azeoloua cultivator of WeUli 
literuture.aud in August iHlo wom preAenlml 
by the I<ondon 'Owyiioddi^fion'Socicly with 
a medal for his services in that diruction. 
ilia publications are: 1, 'Vchydigo bymiuu 
newyddion t»r atriryw fesiiruu. At !« rai y 
ehwunegwyd. Can, n Oyngor i leiiengclid,' 
CVrfvnldiu, 17Wt, l*,*mo ; a selerliiin of 
WeUh hymns ; thiH was I he l»aais of « Iwok 
which continued till rodcntly the ehirf hymn- 
book of t!ie denomination, pax-ting thrtniffh 
very nnraero\i8 edition*, i. ' Yr Aiigliyrt'i'lyh 
BroH'eswT yn nghanohldydd ei lJdy»gleirdi*li,' 
1H02, partly tranalulrd from the I^nglish. 
H. 'BwyeJl Crit^tyn NghoiMl Anghrint,' lW>4, 
bluing a rpidy to a work puhlishi'd the wrnio 
year by tiie \lfv. Jtwiah lit-ps (uTiitnrlnn), 
Gellioncn, chief promoter of 1 he curliest Wi'lhh 
magazine (1770). 4. A U'ork on Uptism 
(English), iwe. fi. 'Pechod Aiifnddeuol,* 
a sermon on tho unpardonnhle »iin, 1>}]2, 
0. Un Saturday. 1 Jan. IMU, nppcarc<l the 
first number of *Seron Corner, tho first 
newspaper published in the Welsh lan- 
guage. Harris was editor, and it coutinm-d. 
to be publiflhi-d wet-kly until 9 .Stipt. 1810, 
when eighty-live numbers had uppi.-ared. At 
first it received ext('n»ive patronage, which 
gruduolly dueling], and it was then discon- 
tinued (or want of autlicient support, tho 
prophctorB, six in number, auBtaioiug a Ion 
of 1,000/. 7. 'The Proper Deity of Our 
Lord JesiiA airist.'in Engtiah, 1B16. 8. The 
tame in Welah^ 1817. 'Hiis work met with 
great approbation from all the popular de- 
nominations, and irren from Biihop BnrgeH. 
9- In January 1H17 he started a new maga- 
zine, 'Grt-al y Bedyddwyr' (Baptist ), but 
the second numbt<r nm-er apjiearcd. lO. In 
January 181S * Sereu HomtT* ap|iean>d as 
a monthly magazine. This ha« continued 
to appear almo»t without intermission tn the 
present day. 11. ' CJofiont leuan I>du,' being 
a memoir of his son, \H'2'i. 12. An edition 
of the Bible in both WeUh and English, with 
brief mai^inal notes, und*-r the title ' Y Bihl ' 
dwyieithog . . , gyda darlleniadau a chyfei- 
riatlau yniylenol hMlaethc\*t!enwedig . . . no- 
diadau e^uirhnnl,* Swansea, 182^, SlC, 4to. 
13. His complete works ^' Oweithiau Aw- 
durrd *), with memoir by his son-in-law, the 
Kcv. D. Rhys Stejihen, 1839, 

[Steplusn's 3Icmoir ; Jooss'a Goiriador Bjv> 
graffydJol; Williams's Eminent Welshmi«n: Art, 
FeriudiciLl Literature of WaIos, in Cardiff £i»- 
tedilfod Traauctiook, 1»83.1 B. J. J. 

HARRIS, JOSEPH JOHN (17fl0-iefl9), ' 
musician, was bom in London in 1799. For 
fteven years be was in the choir of the CTha^l 
, IloTal,St.James'8,tinderJohnSt«fibrdSmith| 

' c2 



Harris 



20 



Harris 



and in 1823 was apiwinted orcanist of St. 

^Ol&va'a Ckurcli, Sout liwark. 1 le Leld a similnr 
poeir.toaat Ulackbiini, Laiic^aaliiro, from Ifi'JS 
to 18^1, when he became sing^ing-mrutor and 
aaaiatant orcanl^t at the Manchc^ttT ('otk>- 
giate Church, now cathedral. In 1818 be 
Biioeeeded William Sudtow ns orq-anist and 
ohoimuuter of the cathedral, lie was for 
many years connected a.4 dtroctor with tbf^ 
QentlemenV QI»«e Club and other nocietien tii 
Manchester. Htf published : 1. 'A Selection 
ofPwilmaudnymnTnnes/Siuthwark, I8:i7. 
2. 'Thf CatlicdralDftily Service,' Manchester, 
1844, l*Jmo. 3. 'The Musiciil Expression; 
a Guide for Parents,' &c., 1846, 8vo. Ilcpuln 
Jisbed oUo two anthems and some other 00m- 

l^poaltions, and four of hia glees were printed 

* aft«r his death. Sis chants and three arraupe- 
meut« fur res|>an^T<es to the comtnAndmeiit'^ 
are included in JouIh*)* • C'dlertioii nf Chant.s.' 
He wrott' fiomii giKHl ' (.'athedmr KCrvifos 
vhich liav-Q not been published. He died of 

beongestion of the lungs at Mancheater on 

UO Feb. 1869. 

Joseph Tiioksb IIvrkis (1828-1869). liia 
Bon, bom at Row, hondnn, 1H2B, died at 
Brougbton, Manchpster, 18^^, waea musician 
of groat talent and accomplifiJimHnta. Me 
was a brilliant pianit<t and a prolific writ«r 
of musical coiupoaitions, a few of which haro 
been printed. 

[Manchostor Connor. 12 Fpb. 1869; Orovo'e 
Bicrt.of Miwic,i. 601 ; UrowTi's Dict.of Masioians, 
1886, p. 303 ; information sappliod liv Mr. B. St. 
J. B. Joule] "C. W. S. 

HARRIS, JOSEPH MACUONALD 
(1780-1860"), musician, born in London 
(Bbown) in 1789, was a chorister at West- 
minster Abbey, and afterwards studied under 
r^bert Cooke [q. v.] HftTri.-* juibli.'fUi'd a 
number of songs, some dueta and trios, glees, 
and pianofort^^ music; arranged Burgoyne's 
*C<ill«ction of Psalms' (2 vola. 4to, 1827) f 
taught music ; and conducted at minor con- 
certs. II© died in May l8fi(). 

[Brown'fi BioB. Diet, of Musiclims, p. 303 ; 
GroTo"» Dii:t. of Music, i. 592.] U M. M. 

HARRIS, MaSES (/. l-fi<i-178n). ento- 
mologist and engraver, is said to have been 
born in 1731. From his uncle, Moses Harris, 
a member of an old-twlabllshed Aurelian so- 
ciety, he derived bis first instruction in the 
science to which from childhood he was 
strongly attached. He afterwards became 
secretary to a new Aurelian society. His 
circumstancea appear to hare Vieen compara- 
tively easy, though be had n-ason to com- 
plain" of loMea occasioned by the 'unsteady 
and falhiciotis Behaviour of a Person too 
nearly connected in my Concems' {Introduc' 



/iV/i to the Aurelian). Though without rancl 
knowledge, he was an acute and industrious 
observer, and a good entomological artist. 
For twenty years be engaged as a labour of 
love in drawing, engTarintf, and colouring 
insi>rt.«, ohit'fly moths and butterflies, wblca 
he nublishod under the title of * The Aurelian, 
orNaturalHiston,'of English Insects, namely 
Moths and ButU'rfties, together with the 
Plants on which they feed,' fol. London, 1700, 
fortv-ftveplat»!8,with descriptive t^-xt. Four 
additional plates, with table of terms, index, 
and ilesignations of Linnteus. were after- 
wards puolished separately. The book waa 
reissued in 177H, 1704, and In 1$4U under 
the editorship of J. t_>. W^eslwood. The in- 
sects were all drawn by Harris from the life, 
the engraviiag was hu first attempt, and the 
colouring is very briUinut. The descriptions 
are both accurate and perspicuous. In the 
frontispiece the author gives a portrait of 
himself arrayed in full insei't-huntiug cos- 
tume, and reposing on a bank with a large 
chipboxof butterlues in his hand. Ilea1\cr- 
warda published: l.'An Essay precedeing 
[tic] a Supplement to the Aurelian, wherein 
are considered the Tendons and Membnines 
of tho Wings of Butterflies. . . - Illuslnited 
with copper-plates' (in Enelish and French), 
4to, London (1767). 2. *Tlie Kntflish Lopi- 
d(iptera,or the Auadian's Pocket Companion, 
containing a Catalogue of upward of four 
hundred Moths and Butterflies,'8vn, London, 
1 77o. .'i. * An Exposition of English Insects* 
(in English and French), 4to, London, 1776. 
Copies were issued with new title-paffos, 
dated 1781, 1782, 178a, and 178<I. 4. * Na- 
tural System of Colours' (edited by 1^iomn« 
Martyn), 4to, London^ 1811. Sir Joshua 
lleynoliis accepted the de<lir-alion of the edi- 
tion of this work, publitikeil apjiarently in the 
author's lifetime. Soma disooyeries acchbed 
to zoologistsof the present eenttuy were anti- 
cipated by Harris (cf. art. 'Aurelian' in Re- 
trogpeottpe Review, 2nd ser. 1. 230~4A ). Besii^ 
tho above works, the plates of which were 
all drawn, etched, and coloured by himself, 
he executed in like manner most of those in 
the three volume* of Uni Dniry's ' Uhmtra.- 
tionsof Xaturnl History* (exotic in»ects),4to, 
1770-82, a book which owes its chief value 
to tho excellence of its illustrations. He 
likewise contributed some trirting drawings 
to the ' Catalogue ' of Andrew Peter Dupont a 
collection of natural curiosities, now m tho 
British Museum (Addit. MSS. 18904-10). 
From a letter of Dm Drury to Harris, dated 
5 April 1770, it appears that the latter waa 
then T«siding some distance from London, 
^-ns married, and had a son (memoir of Drury 
in JiBDiKE's Naturalisfs IM/raryt 1813, 



I 



I 






I 



[arns 



21 



Harris 



. 47-9). Tlioma<t Xartyn, tn hjs prefiice to 
__lie new edition of Hairisa ' NBtiirul System 
of Coloim,' l^IIf spe&ka of him lui being 
*s«arljr ttiirtr veors deceased;* but accord- 
iag to Grave* s ' r>ict ionar*- of A r1 ist»,* p. 108, 
he had exhibited a fnuni.> of Hng-Usb inaecU 
, lh« Boja] Academy in ITt^. 
[Jai«I>»«*a 5attira]irt'« Library. 1843. L ^,5S. 
(Memoir of Dm Umry); RedgimTD'a Diet, of 
tifu. 1878, p. 199; Lovtulet's BibL Manaal 
bn), ii. 1003; Notes xod Qaertes. 3nl mt. 
T. 4SS ; BroBoIflj's Cat. of Engrared PortmitK, 
p. 3M.) G. O. 

HARRIS, PAUL ( I573-I&V*.' 1, catholic 
divine, although often aMumed to be an Irtah' 
maiif distinctly atatea that he was a natireof 
Esj^aad (*AfMcroftairTij, p. 119). Be hecame 
a aecolarprieft of the Roman catholic church, 
and liTea fbr many year? in Dublin, where he 
iraarectorof a feminairforboTff. Heennged 
inBeveral acrimonious disputt-s with iberrvn- 
cucanik It was&lleiired that Thomas Mfminj; 
[q. r.], archbidhop of DabUn, hime>^[f a Fran- 
r^fTT", had formed the design of dixplacing^ 
the secular pnesta in order to introduce Fnn- 
Oflcan friars into the parishes of his diocese. 
The seculars rehtfrnently oppoaedthe scheme, 
and Harris^ hein^ more actire than the rest, 
and a man of great spirit, incurred the ccn- 
Lireofexcommunication from the archbubop, 
lio i^vrntrmlty procured an order from Rome 
his bani&bment oat of the dioceae of 
[lUia. The date of hia death la unknown, 
^ _r he sars that h(> was sixty yeare old when 
e publij(iie<l hi* 'A^mi»uiaxi{ In lt>33. 
Hia works, all of which were probably 
in Dublin, are : 1. A hecA agaiut 
Uidier^s lennon praacfaed at 
ItiefoRJamesL 2. 'The Eieoamu- ; 
a iKihUshed by the L. AicUisfaop of j 
i Tbcmas Flemminfr, aliaa Biniiral, 
roc tho Order of S. Fnaoa, against the I 
ata of the Dtooeae of DabUn, for i 
the MaMea of Peter CaddeU, d. of 

r, and Paul Harria, Prieata,ia proved I 

; only unjuit. but of do Validity, and 000* 
vently binding to 00 obedisBOe. la which 
Treatise is diseoTered rhat tmpkms plot . . . 
cf the aJbrcMid Archbishop and hie Friars in 
atlng the Paston and Prierta of the 
f, therebr to briof^ all into the hands 
Friars,'' U;3'J, 4to, pp. 113; 2aA edit. 1 
3. ^*A^«rii;ui4rTt^,6iTeEdaieadas(rrsii- | 
ipropter uMirpatum Jodicaaa de Iribo- 
"^ tna, et prr»t*TlibeUiiai hmom$m in 1 
. Tocatoa,' \ts.&. 4to, pp. ISO. This 
is a reply to Fcmnds MatiheivSf a friar, who 
in 1631, under tbcpsendr»ay» of Frla— ijas 1 
I'rsulanos. pabUahed * Ffen JaiAaH I 
Ceiuurs Facnltatsi Thsinlngif Bsriisiniia, 
et qntdam Cmtaxia 



. quasdam nropoflitiones Rcgulnribus Regni 
UlbemiefalsoimposltaA.' '.^/icrrifuum^ means 
a scourge for the bear, and has rpfnrence to 
the pecudonym I'rsuUnas. 4. ' Fratrea 
sobrii estote,'l Pet. 5, 8. Or an Admonition 
to the Fryars of thia kingdomc of Ireland to 
abandon such hereticall doctrines as they 
daylie publish,* 1634. 4to. 5. * Exile eiilod. 
Occasioned bv a Mandat from Rome procured 
by Thomas ftemminc, alias Barnwdl. arch- 
bish^ of Dublin, and friar of the Order of 
St. Francis, from the congreeation of the 
cardinalls de propaipuidi fide, for the banish- 
ment of Paul Harris out of the dioceaae of 
Dublin,' 1635, 4to. 

[Bnraefi Lifa of Bp. Bedell, 1903. p. 71; 
KM. OreoriUiADa; ShirUy** CWt.orUieQbru7 
Ht ly^ugh Fea.pl 131; Cat. I^broram Impress. 
in Bil.L ColL Trio. DabL tr. 70; Ware's Writers 
oflrdaad (Harris), pp. 119, 33S] T.a 

HARRIS, RENATIS or ntSt, tbe 
t-Ider ( lfi4<i --1 715 :■■), organ-builder, accrwd- 
ing to iJuraey cam« from France with his 
father about I tVlO. Tfusmas Ilarns. his grand- 
fiither, howerer, was known in England as 
an organ-builder apparently at an earlier 
date, and built an organ fur Jiagdalen Col- 
lege Chapel, OxfimL A Tbona* Harris of 
New 8«ram. vosaibly the father of ttenatos, 
amed to build ao omo for Woteeater 0»- 
tbedrai, 5 Joly 1880. Oa tha death of Babh 
iHllam in A ofoat or September 1073 (seefiU 
will in tbe Kefisten of the Archdeaconry of 
London), R eo atm , whoae father died at about 
tbe saae time, fawid Us oolr imortani riral 
in'Father$miih'(Befiihai&Schmtdt>. The 
awnpetition between tlwae t woorgan-bnildera 
ctilininaled in the ftnoos eontest over the 
TesBpleCbmcfa organ in lOBAfcC Ru(BAin,r, 
Si0toryo/tkf Orytn,^A05: MkcaosT,Fem 
XoteM on the T^mpUOr^an ). After May 1684 
Scnith and IlarrLt both erected orgaoain tha 
Temple cfanrch.andeschibitadthrKoodpointa 
of their instruments. Blow and Puivenper* 
foftnay upon Smith's orpan, and I>nighiopaii 
UarrWs. The oooleat bated a yt^r. New 
reed slope were added at intcrrai^ and each 
botlder ehaUesged his rival to make fozther 
impsosem eta. In this way the m-r k^ 
mama, cnaant, and doable baasoon Mom 
wer* heard for the fiat lime by the pohtte; 
The AsMe waa al Inwtb decided m umn 
of Smith's oegaa, the outer, br IUm«. beio^ 
adjodeed 'diseemaldT low and weak ' for 1^ 
chaich. Harria saflemd no lorn of pr«s«ife 
bylUaddlnt. * Now began the setting op of 
erj^aa in the chieAivt parisfcca of the city of 
Lmdon,* wrote Todway (see Flawuw, ijc, 
amV'vhoi for the mam MA Oarrie had 
tbe adfaMaf* of F. Smith, Mfcmg, I b»- 



Harris 



2^ 



Harris ' 



lieve, two to h'la one.' HarrisV worknmnsUip 
ynus superior to Smith's, but it may be id- 
ferredfrom tht- decision at the Temple that the \ 
tone of hie orcans was le&s powerful or poorer 
inqunlity. ITarrigalstoftliftwd court patronage 
with hiBrival.andsnpplietitheprivate chapels 
of James 11 with orffans (Moneys received and 
paid/or Secret SeritceJi, t'aroden Soc., pp. 144, 
109,180,196). Certain advertii«enienl«in the 
'Post Boy/ 12 and 30 April 1698, point to 
the continu**d rivalrj' belwet^n th** two mas- 
ters. Hertf Harris announces the demoustra^ 
tion nt his hou.'»e, Wine Uffice Court. Fleet 
Street, of the 'division of half a note into 
fifty gTftJiml and distiijfjuijihable part.s, and' 
(tlusexperiment havingbt-vnsucce*sful)*into 
oni? hundri-d partJ, not mathematically, but 

Surely by theear.' Smith, with others who had 
cclartHl these feats to be impntcticable, wa« 
specially invited to atten<l the tir!»t dii»pliiy. 
'The 8ugge«tion that Harris should build an 
organ for St. Paul's Cttlhe<lnil {.Sitectafor, 
3 Dec. 1712J came to nothing];. In later life 
Harris retired to Bristol and followed his 
business there until his deoth about 1715. 
Rimbanlt {Uistory of the Oiyan, p. 127) 

fives a list of thirtv-nine organ,< built by 
larrifl, in four of which— thocteat Salisbury, 
Gloucester, and Worcester cathedrals, and 
St.Sepolchre's — heassistedhisfather. Harris 
PtippluKl organs to thechurchof St. Sepulchre, 
Snow Hill, HirO: Sr. Jtotolph. .AMgute; St. 
Dunatan, Stepni'v; Si. Nicholas, Xewcastle- 
upon-Tyne, 1(576; All TTallows Barking-, 
Oreftt tower Stre+'t ; Chichester Cathedral, 
1678; Lambeth Old Chureh, 1680; Win- 
chester Cathedral nnd Colle)i:c Cliapel, 1081 ; 
St. Michael, Comhill, 1 6^4 : Bristol CathMral, 
1686; Hereford Cathetlml and Kind's College 
Chapel, Ciimbrid||fe, U>80 ; St. l-awrpnc**, 
Jewry, I *J87 ; St . James's, Piccadilly (intended 
for \^iiitehaU Catholic Chapel, but piven by 
Queen Mary to the church), U187 ; St. Mary, 
Ipewich, and Christ church, Newgate Street, 
1090 (formerly in Whitehall, now at St. Mi- 
chael Boyal); All Hallows, Lombard Street, 
169.5; St. Andrew Undernhnft, 1690; St. Pa- 
tjicVs Cathttdrftl, Dublin, 1697; St. Andrew, 
Holbom (this wiis part of the rejected Temple 
or(ran),1699: St. JohnVChap^^'l.Rcdfonl Row, 
Kd.'?; St. (tiles, Crippb?i,mte,M 704; St. Cle- 
ment, Eastcheap, 1709; Saii.shurvCntbedr&l, 
1710; St. Bride,Flect Street; Kly f^nth.^Klnil; 
Jesu« College, Cambridge (now in A II Suints) ; 
"Wolverhampton Colletjittre Chun'Ii {part of 
Temple organ); Norwich {'athedral (aitri- 
buteu to Harris);' St. John's, Clerlcenwell ; 
Bi<!eford Church, Duvonshire ; Cork Cathe- 
dral (prohiibly finisbL'd by John Harris); St. 
Mary's, Dublin (tliesc nine without date); 
and lastly St, Mary's, AVhitechapel, 1715. 



For the organ in Bristol Cathedral Uarria 
was paid 550/., for that at Hereford 7t.K)/., 
and for that at St. Andrew Cnder^hnft 
1,400/. There is a rare print of the organ 
built for Salisburj* Cathedral in 1710. For 
full particulars of reiwirs, Ac, of the Magda- 
len College. Oxford, organ, see Bloxam's 
' Registers of Magdalen College, Oxford/ U. 
cxxvi et seq., 289, ,*547 et seq. 

Harris had two sons, Joti:( (Jl. 1737) and 
Reuatus (d. 1 727 i'),both orgnn-builders. The 
younger, Renatus. who died enrly, made the 
organ for St. Dionis Backchurch, 1724. John 
had the care of the Mngdalen College organ 
tmtil 17.37; inthcfollon'ingyeftrhe was living 
in Red Lion Street, Holbom, and had apartner 
named Byfield, who married his daughter. 
Harris and Byfield's organs were supplied to 
the churches nf St. Mary, Shrewsbury, 1729 
Grantham, Lincolnshire, 1736; St. Mary. Ha- 
verfordwest, 1737; St. AlUan, "NVood Street, 
17-18; St. Bartholomew Change and Donc-as- 
ter parish church. 1740. At Brislrd they built 
organs for St.Marv'Redclifle,St.ThomBa,and 
St. James; theorirannowiu the church of St. 
Thomas Southover, Lewes, Sussex, was said 
to have been made by them for the Duke of 
Cbandos, and rvmovtnl from Cannons in 1747 

(RiMBAULT). 

[Bnmev's Hist, of Masic. iii. 437 : llawkins, 
iii. fi02; Hopkins and Hitnhnalt's Hist, of tba 
OrgHD. pp. ltO-38; Blntam's Reg. Magd. Coll. 
Oxford, ii. c.cxxTJ, clxiii. 204, 283, 386 at leg., 
269, 347 01 spq.] L. H. U. 

HARRIS, RICHARD, D.D. {Jl. 1613>, 
theologian, n native of Shropshire, was edu- 
cated at St. John's College, Cambridgp^ 
where bo took the degree of B.A. l/)7&-K», 
nnd acted the cliorocter of the * Nontius* in 
Dr. Legge'p Iragedy of ' Richardui Tertius,' 
which was performed inhiscollege. In loSO 
be was ndniitle<l a fellow of the cdlege. He 
commenced M.A. lit IftSS, proceeded B.D. 
in l-'iW, and was elected one of the college 
preachers. He was admitted a senior fellow 
1 1 Juno I5f>.'t,and was created D.D. in 159.1. 
He became rector of Glestingthorji, Ksaex, 
11 Dec. 1597. and rector of Bradwell-inxta- 
Marc in the same county, 16 Feb. 1612-13. 
Ile probably died coon aftem-ords. 

He wrote ' Concordia Anglicana de pri- 
matu Ecclesifo regio ntlversus Becanum de 
dissidio Auglicano,^ London, 161^,8vo, trans- 
lated under the title of ' The English Con- 
cord, in answer to Becane's English Jarre, 
with Ii reply to Becane's Exomen,' London, 
1614, 4to. * 

[Bilker's Hift. of St. John's Coll. (Msytir), i. 
290.ii,fi06; Cole's A IhenieCantabr; Antiqaarinn 
Communications (Ctimbr. Amiq. Soc.), i. 351 ; 
Newcourt'a Repertorium, ii. 86, 280.] T. C. 



9 



I 



Harris 



»3 



Harris 



HABBia KOBERT (1581-1658), Dresi- 

|<3ent of Trinity College, Oxford, was bom, 

'inadnrfc timi^and place,* at HroadCampden, 

Gloncwlcrehire, in IMl. The receivwl date 

of his birth, I>j7H, is incon-flrt. Harri* was 



' -whero hia relative Kobert Lyaon was iirin- 
cipaL His parents were poor, with a Urge 
iataily.aiid Uarrisiin order to obtain tiiiiitm 
in philofiophy, tftught (irvek and Hebrew. 
He graduated K.A. on 5 June AGOO, and 
thouG^b originally intended fnr the law de- 
cided to enter tlie churcU. ^Vhe^ in 1001 
.the univentitv wns disaolved on account of 
Kbe pla^e, Harris went home and preached 
r Ills first sermon at Chiiipinjf CampJen. Re- 
/ tuniinp to Oxfonl he studied tb.-tilnp'y forten 
f wars, and graduated B.D. on 5 Mav 1»H4 
\\Otf, rnii: n^/. (Oxf. Hist. S^w.l, U. 'li. ±^0, 
itii. ^20). Before his ordination he seems to 
I ha\-e helped the rector of Chi^ellianinton, near 
[t>xford- In IttU Sir Anthony Coke orTered, 
lliim the livinjf of llauwell, Oxfordshire. 
* Archbishop Bancroft bad other nommcc-s, 
«nd it was not till lUrrta had been examined 
in divinity by Barlow, bishop of Kochwtcr, 
■when *lhey Greekod it till they were both 
run ajrround for want of words, upon wliich 
.they burst into a fit of lnu|^hter,aiul so gave 
tttOTltr/tbat the appointment was confirmed, 
Jlanwell pantonufje now became a favonrile 
TcAort forOxfort! Htiident**. Horriswon fiune 
a« a preaeher at 8t. FnulV.Si. Saviours Soutb- 
warK.andothMrl^indon churches, as well as in 
his own neighUmrbood. He was a stannch 

Euritan and parliainentariau. On 2o April lt}4:i 
e wii*chii!>tn (ine of the puritan divines tit (o 
be consulted by parliament, and on tbt- ocra- 
*ian of a public fast |J5 May ) preached l»efure 
I the House of Commons. After Kdgehill the 
I royalial trtwpersrjuartered at 1 Unwell turned 
I out Hurria and his family, and he wa* 6nally 
' ejected from his living and obliged to flv to 
London (September HU:?). He was tdere 
made one of the asAembly nf divines, and 
nred the living of St. Butolph'i, Bishop^- 
^ In 1644i the committee of Hampshire 
enled him to Petersfield, but before he 
^tild take possesaoo he was ordered to Ox- 
ford (10 Sepc.) as one of the «xdivinej« com- 
miMioned to preach and invade anv pulpit 
tbr^ fjeoaed. Fix>m May MUT to \(i-'r2, and 
iiffBin from 1054 to ICoH, he was visitor to 
the university, and on 4 June ltU7 preached 
at St. Mar>'A his first visitation H-rmon, in 
irhich he defended himself from the charge 
of nluraliftni. On }'J AprU ltU8 the chan- 
cellor, Uird Pembroke, admitted Harris to 
the decree of D.D., and at the same time he 



was made president of Trinity in the placft 
of Ilanniliial Potter [q. v.], whom he had.1 
asaiflted to eject. The living of Oarsingtoii^l 
Oxfordshire, went with thehendahip. Though.! 
advanced in yean he seeme to have conacU] 
entinuifly fulfilhMlall bisduties,lecturingonc9| 
a week at All Souls* College, and preachinff < 
on Sundays at Garsingion. lie governed the 
college well for ten years, but e.Yaeted ex- 
orbitant fines for the renewal of leases. He 
die<i on 1 Dec. 1658, at the age of 77. 
Shortly before, he had written a letter of 
advice to his children, which is published in 
his bickgraphv. lie waj* buried in the college 
cbuiH'l. lUlph liathur»t, a Bucceasor in the 
presidency, is said to have struck two w{ 

* leternam o-debrandus,* out of Harris's* 
topb ( WluUToy, Life of liathurwt, ed. 176l, 
p. 14*1). He was Satirised and caricatured 
nv the royali>-tA as a notorious pluralist, but 
t^re is no proof that he enjoyed all hia liv- 
ings at the same time, and Grey, who calU 
him * a fanatical liero,' acquits him of the 
charge (Obet, Rraminatifm, ii. L*98). In 
V^XH Harris published two letters to vindi- 
cate himself fn>m the slanders of an unknown 
writer (author of a Letter /ram Oj-on.f 
17 April li>4d). lie was liberal to the pos- 
terity of the founder of Trinity (Wiinos, 
Life of /W, 1760, p. 446», was a good 
Hebrew M-hoIar, and was well rerseu in 
church history. Bi»hop Wilkins ( Tract on 
PreacASuff, pp. ^^3-3) deecribea him as one of 
the moHt eminent divines for preaching and 
pnui^tical theologv-. His wife suffered from 
religious mania, lie publisbeil a Ur^ ntim- 
lier of separate M.>rmr>ns (Jiee list in AVood, 
Athena^ ed. Bliss; Oitaio^itra Briti.ih Mu- 
seum and Bodleian). A 'Concio ad Clerum/ 
by him, was printed, with another br Dr. 
I-Vatly, at Utrecht in 16.57, under the title of 

* IVflum Pastorale *tc.' A collected edition 
of his work-t was first publlslutd in 1635, fol. ; 
2nd edit. London, l*Jo4-5, fol. 

[The chief aulhority in a eulogistic life 'of 
that jodtcioosDi vino and accomplished Preach«r, 
liobert Uarrin, D.D., cuUfctrtl I'V u joynt enu- 
coii'se of Bom<* who knew bim w»U,' by a friend. 
WiUiiim Iturtmiii, Harris's kinsman, mini*)ter of 
Trediagton. 1660. f-.I. See also Woods Aihon», 
ed. Blins, iii. 45$- NmI's Puritans, tii. 304, iv. 
189; Brook's Lives of the Poritnos, iii. 30S ; 
Wnlkcrs Suflfrringa of the Clergy, pp. 3, 126-6 ; 
Itl>.^|^y*(l Bist. of BtinburT. pp. 79, 240, &c. ; 
Durromi's VisJtaiiou of Voiroisity of Oxford 
(Camd. Soo.), 654, &6d.] E. T. B. 

HARRIS. ROBERT (ISOO-lg^U^-), cap- 

I lain in the naw, son of James Harris of "Wit- 

I ler&hnui Hnll.kent.and,on the mother's side, 

jfiandsoii of Mr*. Trimmer [q. v.l, waa bom 

I on 9 Jidv 18*jy; Sir "VVilliam ComwolUa 



Harris 



Harris [q. v.] was liis eldtr brother. Ilobert 
I lorriB entered the mm* iiiJantini'y iM'^fHiid. 
serving almost coiititmously in tlic Meiliter- 
rnnciin, watt a miilt>hipniun of tlic Eurralus 
frigate durinfif the little war with Algiers 
in IWi, and of Iht? Cumhrian at the battle 
of Nitvarino, 'JO <X.*t. 18-7, and wlien she 
was wrwcked at Canibusa on 31 Jon. IH'28. 
Aftvr his njlum to Kii^lnnd earlv in 1H2{> 
he WHS borne on tlie huohs of tin; Royal 
George yacht, durinjr which time he was 
rt-ally scning oo board the Onyx and Paiita- 
Ifxin, lenders, on the coa«t of South America, 
in the Wwt Iiidiej?, nn the coast of Spain 
and Purtiig'al, or in the Channel and on the 
coast of Ireland. Un ^1 May 18^3 he was 
promoted to the rnnlt of lieutenant, ond thi> 
foUowinf^ Deeeniher wav- a|i|H>inte<] to the 
Excellent, then recently eAtahlished as a 
achool of gunnery, at PortNuiouth, under the 
commandiifCaplainThomos Hasting?! 1790- 
1870) [q. v.] From her he was a[i[ioiiited in 
Januar}' 18^6 to be gunnery-lieutenant of the 
Melville with Cripinin Douglns. and, later 
on, with Hichnrd Saunders Dundns [i]. v.], 
undcrwhosecnmniaiidhewrved inChtna,an(l 
Rras Bpt'cially |iroinote*l to the rank of com- 
oanderonBJune 1841 for hiAServicex in the 
!7anton river,nnd particularly at the dipture 
oftlie Hogne fortson liC Feb. 1841. l)uring 
184J, while on lialf-pav, he studied at the 
ItnyalNavulOollfgeut Portsmouth; and from 
ScplemlHT 1S44 Ut May IS-US commanded tlio 
Flying Fiah on the west coast of Africa. In 
March IK48 he was api>ointe<l commander of 
the Ijlanges in the Cbuunel Heet with t'uptaiu 
llenrj* Suiilh, and frutu Iier was ]}romoied 
to the rank of r-Mplain nn H) (Kt. 1H4!). lu 
March IBol he was apiKiinted to iht; IViuoe 
Itegent, also in the t'httnnel fleet, as tliig- 
captain to Commodure William Fansliawe 
bJlartiu, but left her in Mny l^oi'on Martin's 
■being relieved by llear-ndmiml Corr\'. It is 
interesting to trace tlieM; details of his ser- 
vice under such olhcorfi as Hastings, Dunduf), 
and )tartin, as explaining and illustrrtting 
his peculiar (ilnessfor ilu' iippointment which 
lie received in January l(v»4 tci tlip Ilhistriou!', 
I lipn commicflioned as training ship for land«i- 
nien entered into the imvy, acconling ton 
plan of Sir James rjrfiliiim'.'*, nn<l wlio i"nni*e- 
quently iMKami' g'-nersllv known as 'Jemmy 
Graham's novlcet).' In his discharge of this 
new and exceptional dutv Harris displayed 
such ability and resource that when, in 18'"»7, it 
was determUied to give t-tlect to a long-moot e<l 
scheme for improving the elemenlar}' educa- 
tion and tniiniug of yuung ofli<t*rs, the exe- 
cution of ii wa^ entrusti^ to Harris, in the 
first int^tanee on bimrd tlie Illuslrioits, from 
which, on 1 Jun. IHTil), he and the cadets 



were moved to the Britannia, then in Ports- 
mouth harbour, but in November 1861 Best 
to Portlun<l. Harris continued to huld this 
ditlicult and important [tost till tJclober 1802, 
during which tune the system of education 
of naval cadets took form, and was punna- 
nently established on its present basis. He 
had no further employment, and died at 
Southsea, l(t Jan. iMVi'! Harris married in 
184.1 Priscilla Sophin, daughter of Captain 
Penrudd*K"ke of the Fu.»*ilieT guards, and left 
issue a son, llobert Hastings, now a captain 
in the navy, and two daughters. 

[D'liynio'* Nttv. Biog. Diet.; Tim-^s. 17 Jan. 
1R0.'>; Narv list*; informarlon fnmi ("aptArn 
n. II. n«rri*.l J. K. L. 

HARRIS, SAMFEL (I662-1733>, firrt 
professor of modem history at Cambridge, 
was bom on i> Dec. 1682, entered Merchant 
Taylors' School on 11 S5ept, lfi94, and pro- 
ceeded to Peterhnnse, Cambridge, where be 
graduaitwl H.A. 1703, M.A. 1*07, and was 
elected felh»w. He was Craven acholar of 
the university in 1701. In October 17^4 he 
waa admitted first regiiifi profewair of modem 
hi.stori-nt Cumbridge. The professor*hip was 
foundml by George I in the previous May. 
HarrisA inaugnral lecture (in Lnlin) waa 
primed. He died on 21 Dec, 1733 {f?ent. 
Mat}. 1733, p. ft.W). 

Harris was author of a very curioua and 
learni'd commentary on the *>3rd chapter oT 
lMLi:di, which his wi<Iow Mnry issiim nl^^r 
hiH death in 178o (]^)ndon, 4to), and dedi- 
cated to (jueen Caroline. 

I Hubinsoii'n Hcg. Merchant Taylort* SchooU 
i. il33; Cooper's Annals of Cambridgr, ir. 182, 
I8fi.J S. L. L. 

HARRIS, THOMAS {d. 1820). pro- , 

?riet«ir and manager of C-ovent fiartlan 
'heatre, came of a respectable family, and 
was brought up in trade. In tlte autumn of 
17((7,in coimeclion with George Colman th« 
elder[q.v.],Kutherford,and William Powell, 
be pnrchiiRed fmm John beard [o. v.] the- 1 
patent of Covent(5ardpn Thcatn.', wtiich that 
»et4ir had held since tlic d**Jtth of his father^ 
in-law, iJich. The theatre opMied HtSi-pt. 
17(J7, with the * Kehenr.*ul,' in whieli Powell 
spoke an occnsioniil prologue by AVhitehead, . 
conlaining the lines: 

Fur Hrentfonr^ Htats two kings contd oocft . 

ftUftlce. 
In 'Junc behold four kings of Brentford riMt. 

Colmun underttHjk the management; _ 
violent ijuarrel between Harris and Colman 
anwu during the Krst. ju^awn in con.sequence 
of the pretenitions of Mrs. Ijos^ingham, an i 
actress with whom Harris lived. Colman, 



I 
I 

I 
I 



Harris 



»5 



Harris 



'With vliom Powell )(i(l<*d, barrieailed tbu 

Lheatn:, and Harris, sujijiorUKl by UutUor- 

lie it forcibly opeiL Lc^pil proceed- 

od ft painphlet varfrire [for which see 

Itiur, Gkoiioe] followed. Ud 23 July 

770 ft legal decision of the commiBsionersof 

greflt seal nnndtuted Colmnn a.4 acling 

[iBffer. atibjei't tu tbt* ndvice und ititipee- 

], l>i)t iii>l the cuiitml, (if hi» fvlluWii. 

Powell ni>M)ii^%bilt9 biitldie<l<i Jtilv 1769. On 

weijifimtion, '2*1 May 1774, by Colman of 

, llaniii undertook the duties of 

^manager, which he discharged until 

i death. He wojt accttsed of sacrificing to 

({kectacle the best iuterestsof the drama. Jle 

FbehAved liberally to actorx, howerer, and 

tmaintained a good reputation and Mime per- 

|#(inal populnrity. A daughter died in iHlfi, 

T.Sgf'd 15, and a son, (icorge, lived to l>e a ca^ 

ItAin In the royal nary. A tii^ter of Harri& 

||iinrrie<l into the family uf the Lontrinans. the 

vell-knuwn publitilier^, and in the present 

Mseasionof the Lon^uan family is a portrait 

' Harris by < ^ie, fallowing him a fresb-cnm- 

plexioiwd, cultivutcil'looking man. A large 

number of dt>cnmt-nrs — roortg&^res to hin bro- 

ii»>r-iu-Uw LonpTDun of Jlarris's share in 

fCovent (Jarden and the like — are al*o in the 

bands of the Ijonginane. and. while throwing 

little light on the life of Hnrri.*, are curious 

Lbs regards the history of ('oreiit (Janlen. 

"larrit liiM on 1 Oct. IHJO at his oittage 

ear Wimbledon, and wa^ buried in his fomily 

rault at If JUingdon, near I'xbridge. 

[Victor"! librtory of tlie Theatres of London; 
jeDPsl'tt A<Toantuf the EngliahStage; Tbespbta 
>ict. ; Thentriait iDqaipitor ; LoDiron 3l»p. f t 
); Gitrriclc Curre«pr'ndt'nc« ; Bucwcil's Lifeof 
Johnson, ltd. Birkbect HIIIJ J. K. 

HARRIS, AVALTKU, .M.n. (1647-1732 1, 

phvsieian, Ixirn in (tlouoi^er in ltU7, was 

i scbolar of Winchester (.'allege, ond tbrnce 

rent to Xew College, Oxford, of which «)ci>'ty 

\wtA elected a fellowiu 1006. IJe took In 3 

L degree on 10 Oct. ID70. Soon nft«-r he 

omed the church of Rome, resigned bia fel- 

uwship^ and went to Rtudy medicine in 

E^mnco. He graduated M.P. at BourgM nn 

> July 107o, and settled in L^Ddon in 16i76. 

[ireo yuara later, during the commotioa« 

Kl>niit a popish plot, be publi>be<l "A Fare- 

rell to ropery, l(i7t*, and *oon oft^r w«» i 

BeorjtTirate'l M.f>. at Cambridge. He was 

Jecte^l a fellow of the f'tAlf^'i of rhyr<ieians 

I It()S*'pf. ItiH:?. wa> llv(; tiroes renM*r, twice 

fltitrt' and 1707) ilar\ei.in firator, and trea- 

lurer from 1714 to 1717 inclusire. From 

1710 to 173i be delirered the LunUeian Icc- 

^iires flt the College of riiysician-*. Hi* firit 

_ nedical book wa* publislied in 1**^3, ' Pbar- 

macologia Anti-KiBpirica,or a Rational Dis- 



course of Remedieg both Cbymicol and Qa- 
leuical.'anJ gives o popular ueeouni of rhosii 
^at remedies, mercury, antimony, vitriol, 
imn, bark (quinine), and opium, with ex- 
planntitms of the nature of acTcra! fiuiiersti- 
ttoiis remedies, puch a"* broth in which g<ild 
bad been boiled fur consumption, nmuletH.nnd 
chnrm#. A very empty ej»Ray on the cauxea 
of gout is intercalated, with no diftrovnrabltf 
reason but that the Duke of IJeatjfort, ti> 
whom the whole work i» dedicatcd,wfts t lireat- 
enedwitbattacksof that dijvjrder. lliirrifwua 
physician in ordinary to Charles II in lUtiCt^ 
and soon afterthe revolution he was aitpointea 
p1iy»ician to William III, and in io94 at- 
tended Oueen Mary in her laat illuesfi. Ho 
hft»de*eribed(0/'i»ercrt/iV>njOTi«wra/^fWt'ow* 
Iti^rajfii) the stagwi and ap]H-.urMncv« of the 
biemorrbagic eruption of ftmall-pux, of which 
ehe died, and meuiionrt that he Nit up with 
her throughout the night succeedini^tbeHixth 
day of her disease. She died two davi Later, 
an^ be was present ai the post-mortem ex* 
amination of her ImkIv. King William took 
bim with bim ro Holland on bis caznpatgii* 
there, and probably talked to him of garden-' 
ing, as on hii^ return Harris poblisbed 'A 
limcnplinn of the King'» Koya] Palace and 
fianlpH nt Lo<i,* London, I(ftW. While in 
< IfolUind he published at Amjiterdam (1008) 
I ' Do morbis acutiM Infantum,' a work which 
I acquired a repiitorion beyond itt nu'rilii, was 
' transUte*lintoK«glisb{ r74:i),l'V'nr:b( 1790). , 
and German (171-t)i and was not eupplantca ' 
by any other work in England till the pub- 
lication in I'l^-i of the much more valuable 
treatije«e of Michael L'nderwwid [q. v.] It 
)«i written in Inittutiun of Sydenham, whom 
I Harris knew and admired, but it lacki* thtj 
i^nund boats of I'lng clinical obeeiration whieli 
makes SydenlmmV wurk of p*_>rmunetil value. 
When Harris juk«->d .Sydi-nbam for lulvico a« 
to his medical itudiL*4.ttu* grr-at phynician la 
said to have told him to read ' Don (Quixote,' j 
, meaning (hat heihouhl learn from Cervant4^ I 
bow accurate a knowled^ uf man may b»I 
gained by obMTvation. ( r*r. Johnson tells ibe I 
same story of RicbanI Blackmoru [u, v.% 
who al*** applie<l to Sydenham for adviCtfi) 
Harris did mit ^km^^m suflicinnt ability t9 
pro6t by Sydenbam'n ciunsel. In 1707 b^| 
printe«i hii> HiLr%'eian umtion, and in 1720 
publixhe*! in l^mdnn ' He niorhia Alii|Uot 
gnivinr>l'"» * '''-'■'■viiti*rni'*,'of which tbifniost 
intere^' lioaccMintoftJiuwD Horr'*^ 

illnew . 'I)b Pwt« Diwrrtatio,' 

l»ndon, 1721. and ' DiMertatiooM Madiofl 
et rtiinivtr'.-n habits* in ampbtlbMtro ool* 
I' - 'I'-dicorum I»ndineii*ium/ 1725, 

nr {(ling medical work>. Th« dis- 

acftalu/iu am kit Lumlcka t«cturBS. attd con- 



tain much pntUe of Sydenham, but very little 
oripiniil observation. In 172" bo utibli«hi.>d 
& iiiiort theolof^rical treatise, *'fhe Works of 
Gftil.' He 'lied on 1 Aup. 1732 at his house 
in Red Linn ^^q^are, London. 

[^MunV»Coll.of PhyH.i.423 ; Worbj; Turners 
AniDiadTorsioos on Dr. llarriti, Londuu, 17^5; 
lidniL-rs LiH} orHvdctilmm.J N. M. 

HAKRIS, WALTEIl ( ]tW*i-17«I).Iriih 
hiiitorio^rapUer, bcirn in IHHl, whs m>u of 
Iloptou Harris of Mounlmtillick in Quet'ii's 
Countv, Ireland, who ften'od as a lieutenant 
of the Williamil^; militia in the Irish wars of 
16901. Walter Harris enttred Kilkenny 
l4whQol in 1701,WHtiudmittc*d ml 704 ti •Trinity 
College, Dublin, wheruhf obtained a scholar- 
flhip in 1707, but was soun after expelled f<ir 
having joined with other students in a dis- 
turbance; aftorwards.in 17-'>.'J, heroeeivt'd tho 
honorarj- dogrmt of doctor of lawa. Ho wui* 
caliod to the bur in 171.'J, and In Xovember 
17in married Klizabeth, daughter of the Kev. 
'Thomas Wave of Killree, co. Kilkenny. She 
^'died in the followinji' month, and llarriit sub- 

quently married Klizaboth Ware, n greut- 
^grnndchild of Sir James Ware. From thif« con- 
nnction appears ro Iiuve originatcil (he desijrn, 
whic'hoccupiedbiniformanvyeiir(i,of [luhli^h- 
injfan Koglir^h edition of the Latin works of 
Sir .Tames Ware relalingto IreUn*!. In 17-18 
Karris received a pension of 100/, from the 
Thsh gOTernment to enable him to continue 
his historical rewarehes; in 17''J5 he pre- 
eented a petition to the IloiLte of Commons 
at. Dublin, praying for assistance to enable 
bim to publish a history of Ireliind. The parlia- 
mentary committee on the petition rejKjrled 
that the publieation of llarriVs coUetUion 
of materiale for the histor.' of Irt^land would 
be highly serviceable to the public, anJ that 
the cost of printing 750 copies would amount 
to a sum not exceeding 2.(M!0/. The scbeme 
■was not carried our, but Ilurris's tran5cripl3 
were subsennently purchased by parliament, 
And given mto the custody of the Dublin 
Society. Harris died at Dublin on t?U July 
1761. He was appointed vicur-gcnerul of the 
proteatant hisbop ofMeath in 17C^S. 

Before Harris lwg«n hiw labours on Ware's 
Latin works, nonie of them hud appeared Jn 
an innccnrate English transliition in London 
in 170'"». Harris issued, in 1739, a folio volume 
illustrated with engravings and entitled 'The 
whole works of Sir James Ware coneerning 
Ireland, revised and impmved. \"oliiuu' I., 
containing the history ot' the bishopi^ uf thiit 
kingdom, and such matters, ecclesiastical and 
civil, in whicb they were concerned, from the 
first pmpagntion of ('hriiitiiinil v theri'in to 
ihc present lime.' I [arris not only tninslaii><I 
IfVare's account of the biiihops, but enlarged 



I 



it and continued tt in the protestant suc- 
ceesi'ju to 1734*. The first jart of tlie secoml 
volume of Harris's etlition of Ware 'a works 
appeared in 17JG. It containe<l a revised 
and enlarged version in English of Warv'a 
treatise,' J >c< Hibemia et autiquitatihus ejua.' 
The second pari of the second volume was 
publishtnl in 17411 with the title,* The write« 
of Ireland. In two books. I. Uf such writers 
who were born in Ireland. It. Of such 
writers who, though foreigners, enjoyed 
prefennents or offices in Ireland, or had their 
education in it.' Harris stated that he had 
made ' many material additions 1 o the original 
w.rrk,' continuing it Mown to the beginning 
of the present century.' Harris's contribu- 
tion is mainly com|jiled from printed booka. 
His treatmcntof writers tn the Irish language 
U throughout defective and inaccurate. LUts 
of religious treatises and sermons fill many 
pages. The latest writer mentioned is Jona- 
than Swift. The unsold copies of Harrii^'s 
edition of Ware's writings were reisttied aO 
Dublin with new title-pages in 1764. 

Harris's otiuT Wfirk». all published in Dub- 
lin, were: 1. ' Historiffgraphorum aliorumqua 
acriptoruai Hit}Hruia> ccimmeatarium.or a bii- 
tory of the Irish writers,' Dublin, 1736, 8vo. 
'J. 'Hibemicft, orsome ancient pieces relalinff 
to the hist on," of Ireland,' 1747, folio; with 
* An essay nn the defects in the histories of 
Ireland, and reme<lit;s proposi'd forthc amend- 
ment and reformation thereof,' addressed to h 
Daroti Newport, chancellor of Ireland. Iitfl 
this Harris ntenlions the materials existing, ™ 
m far as he knew, for a history of Ireland, 
and states thar he had transcrilied numerous 
document.s on the suhjecl. A second part 
of the' Ilibernica' appeared in 1700. Atiiinl 
pari waa prenored for the preas, but nevec S 
published. Ihe mnnu.script now belongs to ^ 
the writer of the present article. The two 

rubliahed parts were reprinted together in 
770, Dublin, 1 vol. 8vo. 3. A ' llirtory of 
William III,' printed anonymously, Dublin, 
1747, 4 vols. Harris complained that this h 
work had been issuwl, contrary to his wi8heS|.^| 
in a curtailed form by the bookseller, who ^^ 
had undertaken ilie eoM of its publication. 
Hnrria accordingly publishetl in 1749 hia 
unabridged history of the life and reign 
William III, fol., dedicated to the earl ofj 
Harrington, then lord-Ueutennnt of Ireland* 
and illustrated with engravings. 4. 'Fiction. 
unmasked, or an answer to a Dialogue lately. 
published by a Popish phyi^ician. ... In a. 
dialogue between a Protestant and a Papist *' 
\7o'Jf 8vo; a iwtemical tract intended to 
contriivert statements printed by Dr. John 
('urn' and other writers on the movcmeDla 
of the Irish in IU4!. 



Hams 



27 



Harris 




he]pt>d the Phvsico-nis- 

of Ihiblin to produce * The 

wd pment state of the countj of 

Dowii,*9vD. Some imperfecl and inaccurate 

pspen left br Harris came into the po^se^ 

Am ci m IhibUn book-dealer, who, in 1 766, 

priated them with the title of the ' History 

aad AjiUquitiee of the City of Dublin ' (also 

LoadoiL, I 766k Much of this work was re- 

jriotod, without acknowledgment and with 

~ jdieional error?, in *A ilistory of the City 

r Dublin,* bv W'hitelaw and Walsh, London, 

[ICaanKripbi in relatjoo to W. Hurts in th« 

, 1— iiim of the 'VTit«r of this article ; Sfaou- 

•eripu of Kflkenny Co11*f«. Hna. Society of 

KiB^fa Ibm. Itablin.aod Boyal DaUin Society; 

Jooiiialaof HoBMof Coounons in Ireland, to!, t, : 

r'sDabUn JobruI, 1739-61 ; Renew of 

Wan in IreUnd, 17»6 ; Reporte of 

sard CommiaeioD, 1810; BibUothM» 

rSlovesMei 1618; Iliet. 3tSS. Comm. 8th 

1881 : UJcttdar of AodcDt Records of tbe 

ity of Dnblio, IRSV-l J. T. U. 

TTARRTfl, WILLUM (1546?-lC0-i>, 
catlkolic divine-, bt.im in LiDcoln$bir« about 
^^^^vu educated at Lint-oln College, Ox- [ 
^^^^fchen he waa admitted BA. :J6 Jan. ! 
^^^PBa. Sbofftlj afterwards he was elected , 
^^FUknr of hii college, and on 10 Jnly 1570 
^BS»0(WUBCoced31A. (BuasE, Heyufrum I'nir. 
' Onei. L S56 ). Uenouocing prot estant i«m he 
pi O CMd ad to LouTain. wbere be pursued his 
rtndiea, sad wb« ordained prie«l. In ]57o 
lie WW admitted into the Engliah College at 
and in the same year wa^ sent on the 
miasioo ( Douay VitirieA^ pp. 7. '24 ). 
tecsion by Robert Gray, pnect, pre- 
^ among the State P&pen (Dora. Eliz. 

ToL ocxlr. No. 138),hei« rrferred to a* beiofr 
at Cowdmy, the seat of VlMwnnt Muntafru. in 
1500. lie \a there described aa ' a tall man. 
Ht/-Vi«h hair of head, and beard.' Fuller 
that ' hi« writings were much eeteemed 
pl^nsts,' and ittat he wa« * a« obccuro 
proteetant e aA eminent with t he popish 
{CAmrdk Hut., ed. Brewer, ii. 419. t. 
). lie oompoaed a work, in ten books, 
entitled ' Thmtrnmf Ma Soeealam teoamruB 
ct antiqutaainuD Ecdedaa JJMiyB Britonnhn, 
quae ah A^oatoUcU Ttzu faooBta, et ab aliaa 
au^isMnufDoctoribtuageneFatiooe ing^i^ 
fmtioaein prapa^ta, in Dostram uaqne «Utem 
ytspetoA durmTit.* Dndd eot puw a m • doubt 
irbfftfaer this work was erer pt^liabed. Tlie 
aathor died in Knglaad in loOSL 

(Gillim's HbL Diet.; Flu. D» Anglic Srrip. 
n\iw, p. 801 i TiuiQcr'a BibL RHt. p. 379; 
ocd's AtfaMB OaoB. (BUM), L 7U ; Wood's 
Fatti, i, !««.] T. C. 






HARRIS, WILLIAM, D.D. (1675?- 
1740), pn-Bbyterian divine, wns born about 
167'5, probably in Southwiirk, where his 
mother lived aa a widow in 1692. Walter 
Wilson (following Jost&h Thompson) thinks 
he waa educated lu the academyof Timothy 
JoUio r<J-v.] at AttprcUffis near Sheffield 
(opened m 1689). The minutes of theprcftby- 
tehan board show that in 1692-6 he studied 
successively in the academies of John South- 
well at >ewbRrT, Berkfihire, and James 
Waters »t Uxbridgp, Middlesex. He began 
early to preach, and wn« »ume time assistant 
(unordained) ioHnnr^- Keadst (Jrarel Lane, 
Southwark. On Read'sdeath (1698) Harris 
waa called to succeed Timothy Cniso [q. v.] 
at Crutched Friars, in spite of some oppo- 
sition, and received prc«bytonan ordina- 
tion. The account* of his popularity are 
conflicting. There is no doubt that he was 
a leader of liberal dissent ; his delivery waa 
marred by hoarseness. For over thirty jrears 
(from 1708) he was one of the Friday even- 
ing lecturers at tlie Weighhouse, Eastcheap. 
He was oua of the original trustees (1716) 
of Dr. Daniel AYilliamji's fnundotions. At 
the Salter** Hall debate.^ [see Bradbitrt, 
Thoxab] in 1719, be Mded with the non- 
Bubaeriben. In 1723 he was one of the 
original distributors of the English n^lwn 
donum. On 12 .\pril 1727 he micceedad 
William Tong in the merchants' lecture at 
Salters* Hall. He received the dq^no of 
D.D. from Kdinburgh, 8 Nov. 1728, and a 
similar honour from Aberdeen. Nathaniel 
Lardner [q. v.] was his colleague in his pas- 
toral charpp from 1729; an earlier colleague 
was John Billingsley the younger (1667— 
1722) 'a. T." He die<], after a short illneM, 
on 25 May r740,aiid was buried (30 Ma^) in 
Dr. Daniel Williams's vault. Bunhill i-ietds. 
Funeral i^rmons were preached by his inti- 
mat(r friend, XV'njamin Orosrenor [q. v.] and 
by I^anlner. To Dr. Williams's library he left 
neariv two thousand volumes ; his portrait, 
now in the librarr, tiordon Square, LoiidoD, 
was presented in 1768 b^ Laidner'a executor; 
an engraving fr'im it is given in Wilson'a 
* Dissenting Churcliee.* 

Ilarrin published mnch, and, according to 
Wihion, ranked as * the greatest maater of 
the EagUah toogae among the dtiM«>nt«rs.' 
Aaioag his works are : 1 . * Ex]iosition of t b« 
Epistles to Fliilippiaas and Colosstans,* in 
the continoatioB 01 Jfatthew Honrr's * Ex- 
position,' 1710. fol. 2, 'Practical DtM-y>uTta« 
oa . . . Repreeenlations of the M«!*iitah, 
througbout the OU TesUment,* ftc, 1724, 
8to (intended aa a K^ 10 Aathonv Coiltna ). 
3. * MeoKina of , . . T^obiu Mant'/jn, U.lJ.; 
&c.,1725,&ra 4.<Foa«ral DiacoursM/i:^., 



Harris 



Harris 



1736, Bvo. 5. •Four Discourses upon . . . the 
Lard's Supper,' &c., 1737, 8vo. Besides other 
wriiin(f8, Wilson g^ivea a list of thirty-eipht 
BinglcscnDon8,thce&rIiest in 170'J, including 
eloTeu funeral and three ordination sermuuH. 

[Funeral scrmoiis bj Grosreoor, 1740, and 
FXardner, 1740; ProtestHnt Dissflnters' Magiizine. 
|179fr. P- "IGJ ; Wilson's IlinMnting Churches of 
Ltioodon, 1808 i. 66sq., ISU iv. 19.^; Calamy's 
fOTTQ Life, 183«, iL466; CaUof Ediiihurgli (^ni- 
t dudtcs, 1 858, p. 230 ; Jeremysl'rofcbyterian Fotid, 
18»6, pp. 113 sq.] A.G. 

HARRIS, "WTLLTAJf (1 7i>0-1770). bio- 
grapher, lK)m at iSalisbury, Wiltshire, in 1 72U, 
•was the son of a noncontbrmist tradceman of 
that city. He vra& educiitod for the ministry 
at GroTc and Amorj-'s ucndemy at Taunton, 
SomL-rset-. Ho fir^t ofBciat^d tu a congre- 
gation at Looe in Cornwall, and was nfter- 
jvaida invited to another at \N'elIe, Somer- 
eetabire, wheru he wub ordained on !'> April 
1741. Ht! now inarrit'd Mirs Elizahiithliovet 
of Honilon, i}t'von}ihire,and reiu{>vedtothat 
I town. His ministerial labours ftirthe rest of 
Lhis life were confined to a very small congrc- 
lvationatLuppittintbent:i^hhourhocHl. Ikying 
[oeairous of commemorating the fttruirgles 
of the nonconfonnista in the cause of reli- 
gious and civil liberty, ho wrote biographies 
of the Stuart family and of Cromwell. His 
preliminary uHempl, a ' Life of Hugh reters,' 
was published wltiiout his name in 1751. In 
this and his fub!»»^quent bio|rniphtes he pro- 
fessed to follow 'tut! manner of Mr. Bayle,' 
illustrating the text with copious notes. In 
1753 appeared hia * Life of James 1/ 2nd edit . 
1772; in 1768 that of Charles 1, 2nd edit. 
1772; in 17fl-J that of Crnmw.Al, 'Jnd t-dit. 
1772; and in l7Brtthat of Charles 11, in two 
8vo volumes. It was his design to hiive 
coranleteil the series with a life of James 11, 
but he was interrupted by an illneiJa whicli 
r ended fatally on 4 Feb. 1770 {(lent. May. 
^Xl. 95). His works were collected in five 
vols. 8vo, 1K14, to which hi« life is prefixed. 
Ho WToto in an unattractive style, and ianot 
impurlial ; hut his notes are full of infornm- 
tion from pourcus not easily accessible. The 
degree of D-D. was conferred on him by t he 
unlversityof Glasgow in 17iWi,at ihelnjiianfe 
of Thomas Hollis, who, along with Tliomiis 
BircfafBeeiated him in his histories. By will 
he gave his cx>llecli()n of historical documents 
to Dr. Williams's Library, then in liedcross 
Street. He left no children ; his wife surrired 
him. 

[Ufo referred to ; NichaU's Lit, Aoecd. tii. ; 
T. Amory's Nature of Soand Doctrine (Ordinatiun 
Charge). 1741 : Chalmers's Biog. Diet. xrii. 182- 
184 : will in P. C. C. 104. Jemior.] O. O. 



HARRIS, AVILLLXM (1770P-1830), in- 
dependent minister, born about 1776, waa 
pastor of the meeting-bouse in Downing 
:jtreet, Cambridgi*. fnim about ISO.**, until ho 
was ap|iointed divinity tuT^ir at the lloxton 
academy in 1H18. l(e became minister of 
the meeting-house in Churcli Street, St<>ke ^ 
Newiugton, at Michaelmas L'^20, and sulwe- fl 
quently theological tutor of Highbury Col- H 
lege. He died on 3 Jan. 1^30, aged dJi, and H 
was buried in BunhiU Kields (J. A. Jones, V 
Hunhiil MemoriaU, p. 78J. He waa LLJ). 
He publishtxl ' tlwunds of Hope for the 
f^alvation of all dying in infancy : an easay,* 
Ihi^l, and many other tracts and sernioOB. 
He is to he diBtingnished from William 
Harris {Jl. IfUO), minister of the congrega- 
tional chua*h at Walliugford in Berkshire, 
author of numerous pamphlets anddiscoursea. 

[Gent. Mug. vul. c. pi, i. p. 280; Williaia^ 
Robinson's Stuke Kewington, p. 218.] G. O. fl 

HARRIS, SibW1LLL\MC0KNWAI^ 
LIS (1807-18481. major H.K.l.C. Bombay 
engineers, and African traveller, son of Jamet 
Harris of Witlerslmm, Kent, was baptised Oil' 
2 April 1H07. Robert Harris (1809-1865) 
Uj. v/] was a younger brother. After prepara- 
tion at a militar}' college I! arris was appointed 
to the Jtombay establishment {engineers) In 
1H23. His commissions were dated, second 
lieutenant \f< Dec. 1H2.S, heutenaiit 1 May 
i H24, captain 8 Aug. 1 8S1 , and major 1 6 Aug, 
1643. He WHS appointed assistant -superin- 
tending engineer at IWrobay 9 St^pt. 1h25, 
executive engineer at I'aiideish in November 
lH2n,and al Deesa in Oetolk-r 1830. In 1830 
Harris was invalided to the Cape for two years 
by a medical board. South Africa at that 
time was attracting some notice, owing to 
, the recent exodus of the Dutch colonists, and 
their early conflicts with the Zulu honlea ofi 
Dingaan. On the voyage to the Cape, Harris^ 



I 



who frrim a very early age had, bis frienda' 
said, 'been artlieted with sliDOting-madncBa* 
made the acquuintanco of Richard William- 
son, of the Bonibiiy civil establishment, a 
noted shiltary, iind \\\p two arranged an expe- 
dition into ine interior in quest of big game. 
Aftf^r conferring with l»r. Andrew Smith, the 
African naturalist, then just returned from np- 
ciiunlry, Harris and his friend started by ox- 
wagon from .'\lgoa Hay, by way of Somer- 
set and the Orange River, meeting with large 
game in districts lung since cleared, and 
travelled In a north-easterly direction until 
I they reached the kraals of t^e famous Mata-fl 
bolechiefMoselikati'.e. That potentate proved^ 
I friendly, and permitted the travellers to r&- 
, turn to the colony by a new and previoasly 
I closed route. Their absence &om India ez-; 



tcoM fion 3iareb 1835 to Deumber id37. 
Ob hsTctvTB to InidsB Hsciis wv ^ninCed 
execotiTD *— gi— *■• at Be%wtm mlftmmarj 
1688. aad 6aU fgi^aer to tk Sciade f»re« 
BbwcflkeaiaB^wr. laUeeenber 
!«■• nsde sopnatandur sigiiiMr 
■'Motlicm pniTZBSBii, Kun n oeyCcnber 
n iru Mnl in eku]^ of ■ miaiMi to o^en 
I rriatioas with tlw aadent ClinJtiu ku^ 
dam of She* (Shira) in thm highhwl* of 
Abyssicia. H<? muaied to ^gbad beariag^ 
aeon" - Aly widi tiMt atale, and vu 

knifl ^ w ti i tfc* (Ltmdtm Qmfttf^ 

Jun>- l-'W' 1 JATTu w exacotire tatgiaeer 
I>bannir Pion in I^t), aad at Poooa ia 
47, aDil on o Fek It^ «M ap- 
at«tuiing engiager, aortherm 
II« died of luwtnag fever al 
^OTfrar, near Poona, 9 OeL IdlfiL 

Hams aintean to luve ooanaaMaied aa 

aocoimt of au traveU is SodHi Africa totiie 

Binral Geographical Societr, Loa<fcin,iari tW 

OeogfBphieal Sxietr of Bombar. A fnrtber 

acconnt. entitled ' Narrative of an ExprditioD 

"^ South Africa, from the Cape of G-kxI Hope 

I ihtf Tropic of Capricorn tu the years Ic'^itV- 

|837,' trae pabliabed at Bombay in 183;t. 

Jnder tho title ' Wild Sports in South 

bein^ a XarrattTe, &c^ the same 

appean^d in London in 1841, and in 

aefit cKiitions. Ilarris. who was an 

at artist, ol^o published * Portraits of 

Kme Anitsals of ^atbern Africa, drawn 

|Xif« in their Natural Haunts,* repro- 

l oil »t<>rn* bv K. Kowani, l/>n<lon, 1H40^ 

^lio; and * Highland.* of Kthi>>pia, a Narra- 

: of a Mi&tion to ilie Kingdom of Shoo,' 

ondon, 1844, 8to, of which teTeral adtlioiia 

_aTe appeaxwL The following Wcn we 

entered under hie nune in the R^al Society's 

* Catalogue of Scientific Papen : * • Dfiacnp- 

tiou of a New Species of Antelope* (Aiy*- 

eenu ni^^r), Zoolcyical Societv'a 'Traiiaftc- 

Eions,* li<l'2, iu 21.-i-I6, and ''Proeeedings,' 

183H, ri. 1-3 ; ^Account of the Treee pro- 

iocing Mrrrh and Frmntdncvnae,* Linnean 

~ ' </» * ^roc^M.HlingJs' I .H49, L 1 8 1 -3, Froriep 

■ Notion, 18+4, voL ixi. col». 182-4. 

[Information supplied hy the India OlBet ; 

IXarria'a irorka ; Kor.Soc. Cat. ^'entific f^pm; 

Asiatic Journal, toI. xxriii. In tha annonnce- 

_ni«at of Harris's death ia the Timfs, 24 Nov. 

IS48, bis age ia wrongly stated aa thtrtj-atno.] 

U. M. C. 
HARRIS. WILLIAM fJEOUGK. second 
OBP LIabkis ( 178:j-l84•'>^ lieutt;n&nt4en»- 
1, eldest son of (leorge, first lord Ilarrift 
[q. T.], was bom 19 Jan. 178^. After being 
a prirate military academy at Chelsea 
ndL>rCaptaiu ReTnDl'dit.narris was appointed 
"' — , in the 76ta foot in May 1796, and the 



Tgar aftg waa mumuIiiiI te ha fa iirsaem ia 
Ihe 74th kifUnalBSy wUck W joiaad at 
WaSlskaM^MjiAas.ialTK'. Witbthalnn- ' 
Bcal be eenred ia tJM amy iiiiaiaamli llj i 
hia blWr ihniwbaat tha eaapaigD ef 1?B9 
a^aiaBt ISffso Sahib, aad u thmta^tmnti 
" iiiiii g ipaTMaaaii i—i nf ihii i t iMwi i [ lai lj 
«pj eiaoi^g the faat to eeiter tta fiwliew, fcr 
Thick W was consMnded «■ the spot br 
Genoml Bahd. Uevas sent batae tachazga 
of tbe captured Mvwnaa aad Frmdi sta»- 
dsrda, whicb ba bad Ibe boooar af fnecnting 
toGaoffgeiiL Pmaotadtoaeomaay b the 
4ath fiiK (160ct. 1800), heknaea that rrp- 
tteat in Jasev,andafierra«u«mhazk«<d with 
it on board t&e fleet aader Sir Hyde IWber 
anid Admiral Xrlsoa. He was <m board the 
CtknoB at ibe battle of r\>|»iibegiin aad in 
the Bekie ctaiee (far peTtiralsn aee Xetttm 
Detfi^ ir. S90 et ee^) la IdOa be aeeom- 
paaied bia iMJiaaut te f^ iaa ii i , aad aw tb« 
iieifliliiani of Sir laaae Brock [q. t.], vbo 
was tbeacotoBwiof theregimeBt. Pnoeoted 
to a n^orily in tbe 7SnL. be was on his way 
to loin that reflimeot id India when the ex- 
pedition under bir Da rid Bairdwasdeepatdied 
in the autumn of It^) for the recapture of 
the Cape. Harris joined it as a Tolunteer, 
and was present at the landing and action 
with the Dutch army at Blue Berg. On his 
arrival in India he found his regiment had 
returned home, whither he followed it, after 
Tinting China. In \S0&, when about to 
embark with the regiment for New South 
Wales, he was counter-ordered and posted to 
the command oft he newly raised :!nd battalion 
athome. InSeptemher'l8l2Harrisetoodfor 
Coventry, but retired in farourof Joseph But- 
terwort^ [q. v.j In 1B13 he was embarked 
with his Mttalion on *a particular serrice-,* 
but was ordered to join the troofM under 
Uenerol Gibba sent to Slralsund in Swedish 
Pomerania. Harris was then detached with 
his battalion into the inttirior to get into 
oommanication with the army under Lieu- 
tenant-general Count Wolmod'en. Creeping 
with his email force between the huge army 
corps under I>aruu!>t and other French mar- 
shals then in Pomerania, Mecklenburg, and 
Hanorer, Harris succeeded in reaching \Val- 
raoden, and contributed to the victory at 
Otihrdein Hanover lOSept. 1813> when, after 
the German hussars ban been repulsed, he 
charged up a hill with his battalion, cap- 
turing a French battery in very gallant style, 
and causing a panic among the defenders. 
In November the battalion re-embarked at 
W^amemunda in the Gulf of Lubeck, and on 
arriving at Yarmouth was ordered tn join the 
armv before Antwerp under Sir Thomas 
Grabam [q. r.] During tbe succeeding opera- 



Harris 



30 



Harris 



tioQS Harris distinpui.shed himself in the 
proaenco of tlie Diilce of Clnrenco (aftcrwnrd* 
William IV) hysTorwiinp- iind capturini^ the 
villn^} of M«?rxera. He remained wilu his 
tattftlionia the Low t'oimtries after the peace 
of 1814, and in .^lay 1815 joined the bake 
of Wellinpton's army. The 2nd battalion 
7'ird was brigaded with the 2nd battalions 
80th and Omli and the iHini fool, under Sir 
Colin Halkett [q. v.], and autFerfid heavily 
at Quati-e Uras and Waterloo. At Waterloo 
Harris waa shot through the rif^ht shoulder. 
He returned home witli the battalion, and 
retired soon after on half-pay of the Dourbun 
regiment. (»n his rctiremont the officers of 
thcTSrd presented himwith a splendid sword. 
Harris became a major-peneral in 18:21, and 
held a dtalf command in Ireland from May 
1823 to June IH^o. and commanded the 
northern district in England from 1825 to 
July lH:;Hj where he rendered good 8ervice 
in (juelliug the civil distnrlMinceiS in the 
manufacturing districts. lie became colonel 
of the 66th regiment in 1832; colonel of the 
VUrd foot in 1836, and Hentenont-general in 
1837. lie was a C.n.,K.C.n.. and a Imight 
of Wilhclm the Lion In the Netherlands. 

In his early years Harris was an expert 
athlete and swimmer. As a commanding 
officer he whs strict but kind, and appeared 
to have been liked by hie soldiers ae well as by 
his oIKcers. After siicceedinj? to tlm ptM^race 
a« siieond I^rd Harrip in 18251, he lived in 
K'tinnneut on his estate at Relmont, near 
Faveraham, Kent. He was twice married : 
first, 17 Oct. \^0^, to Kliza Selina Ann, 
daughter of William Dick, M.D., of Tiilly- 
met House, Pe,rthshire, and by her, who died 
2» Jon, ]B17,had twoson^and one daughter: 
secondly, 2H May 1H24, Isabella Hau<lcock, 
only daughter or HohtTt Mandcock Temple 
of AVaterstown, Westmeath, who survived 
him, and by whom he had three sons and 
one daughter. He died at Belmont, after 
a few days' illness, on 30 May 1845, and waa 
6MCceeded by his eldest son by his iirat wiftf 
[see Hakrih, Gkoroe Fkjlno!s Uodekt, third 
Lord Harius]. 

fFo8tor'sPeerago;LDshinj>:ton'sLifeofQoorge, 
Lord Barria ; Fhilippart's Royu) Mil. Calendar, 
1812 pd. iii. 195, 182U ed. iv. 162: Caaoou's 
Hist. Becord 73rtl Foot; Sibome'a Waterloo; 
Ann. Rtg. 18^5, Ixxsvii. 280 ; Gunt. yi&g. now 
■wr. xxiv. 7G. PHpera r^'Latiofi; to tliu opora- 
lion« in Germany in 1813 will bo found iimone 
iha Foreign Office records in the Public Keeord 
Office, under 'ISIJlitar^ Auxiliary Expeditions;* 
Mid mooh intoreMiag mattur eonnoctpd with 
Harrii and the 73rd will bo found in tho M«- 
moira of a S«rgeant of the 73rd Rcginiont, Lon- 
doo, 1820.] H. M. C. 



HARRIS, SmAVlLIJAM SNOWdTm-" 
1 &ti7 ), electrician, born at Plymouth on 
1 April 17PI, was the only son of ThomB«» 
Harris, solicitor, by Mary, daughter of Wil-^| 
liam F. Snow, of the same town. After at-™ 
tending Plymouth grammar school he v/t» 
»ent to tho university of Fdinbtirgh to study 
medicine. He commenced as a militia sui^ 
geon, and was afterwards a general prac- 
titioner in Plymoutli. On his marriage? lA^ 
1824 with Klizabeth Snow,eldest daiigliteroE 
Itichard Thome of Pilton, near Barnstaple^ 
Devonshire, he abandoned liis profession inM 
order to devote himself exchisively to electri- 
city. IIohadalrettdy,inl8:K),inventcdanew 
method of arranging tho lightning-oonduo* 
tors of ships, the peculiarity of which wa*] 
tlint the metal was permanently fixed in the- j 
masts and extended throughout the hull. H» 1 
waaaUotheinventorofan improved mariner's I 
compass, and to him is due the first idea of I 
a. disc electrometer. In December I8i*i h»i 
communicated to the Royal Society, at tha 
invitation of Sir II. Da^T, the president, ^\ 
valuable paper 'On the Relative Powers of 
various Metallic Substances as Conductors of 
Klectricity,* and in 1831 be was elected &H 
fellow. IlLBpaperscontrihuted to the dociety-H 
in 1834, 1838, and 1839, on the elementary 
laws of electricity, contain his best work. 
To the R<»yal Society of Edinburgh, of which 
he alM) became a follow, he communicated in 
1827, 1839, Oiid 1833, various interesting ae- ^ 
counts of his experimentvS and diacoveries ia ■ 
electricity and maguetifim. In IBS^j he wa» V 
awarded tho Copley medal by the Royal So- 
ciety, in recognition of the value of lua 
|in)H>rs on the laws of electricity of high 
tentiion. In 1839 he delivered the Balcerian 
lecture, lu^ subject being' lutjuiritM concern* ■ 
ing tho Elementary l^ws of Klectricity.'^ 
Meanwhile, in l83y, tho general uloptiou of ^ 
hie lightning-conductors in the royal navy 
he.d been strongly recommended by a mixeq! 
naval and scientific commission; and though] 
the naval authorities atiU continued to offer 
various object ions to bis invention, the govern- 
ment in 1841 conferred on him an annuity of 
300^.,' in consideration of services in theculti- 
vation of science.' Harris met objections to 
his system by pubUshtng a work on ' Thimder- 
storms' (1843), which failed, however, to 
attract attention. He also contributed a 
Hcries of papers on the defence of ships and 
buildings from lightning to tJie * Nautic^ 1 
Magazine ' for 1834 (puhlushod coUectivoly in J 
1836). He developed his cose in letters anil I 
pamphlets, which he circulated among per-] 
SODS of intluence. His system was employed 
in the Russian navy long befon< it was ad- ] 
mitted into our own, and in lb4^ the czar 



1 

t 

I 



Harrison 



31 



Harrison 



presented him with a harndsryBUf zisiz xad 
T«w. At length the cffioaierof^ his ivic^s 
was offidsllj RCOgnxsed. aad Harris r^cKTrd 
the hooonr of knight hood 1 1^47 >. a^ri f-iV 
seqnentl J a ^nnt of oIKvi. la 1 t^ iic; wx§ 
aapoint^ ioentific refisn^ of z^T-errmr^z.' is. 
all matten eoDBcct^d wirh *i.-»»r:r-Lcr:T. »=^ 
superintended the fittim; op of hii crjc<i-sa-:n 
at the Tcnral palaeea. the hr^QufA of jat.-a- 
ment, the powder magagaeg. il^ ^7^ =a:^- 
soleom at Frogmon, and ocher pKL^aie hfil^i- 
ingB. Hairis rcsamed his pes«af^^«». fccr: 
made no farther UBp»>rtan£ di»XT«7x£. Hi^ 
handbooks of 'JEkccrinrr' 1 i?4? . 'Mag- 
netism ' (1850-2>. tnd •■ tjalTani^c: " • Z S>> -. 
oontziboted to Weal*"* Badzsecrtarr Strie*. 
wen clearlT written, and pasttd Tkrmrt: 
sereral editioos. Harrii died at ■$ Wr^-^:? 
Villas, Fljinonth, on H Jan. l^rTT. H* wu 
an aooomplished musician. perf-j?=i=z <Q 
both harp and piano* and an ^vx:2.tc. -y.^- 
Teraationalist. At the time of hi* -ytrnzh Le 
had in pceparatiQii a * Trestiie on Frictf-t-cAl 
£IectricitT,' which was piblisL^ii yjtzb-zs- 
onalj in the same jear 1 1^^ t whh a =k- 
moir o[ the author br Char{«:» ToalinsTKi. 
FJLa Hewasalsoantborof: 1. -rfbtrTra- 
tions on the Effeeu of Lishtoin; oa Fl'Atir; 
Bodies ; with an account of a new tc*<hrA 
of applTm^ fixed and continooos cyjod-ur^/n 
of dectricttr to the masta of shipf.' l?i!3. 
2. ' On the IrtilitT of fixing Lashtninz-Con- 
dncton in Slips,'' 189). 3l" * On th* PrA«c- 
tioaofShipsfr«nLJghtninz*~l^^r[-4.*Sta-r« 
of the Qneetion relating to t&e Pr^jtaction of 
the Br^ish Xstt &om Lizhtninz br the 
method ui Fixed Condocton c^ ElecnicitT, 
as piouused br Mr. Snow Harris,* priratelT 
printed, 1838' 5. 'Remarkable Instanoei 
of the Protection of certain Shi|H of her 
Hajestr's Xsrf firom the DestmniTe EffccTf 
of u^tniug. To which is added a lift of 
two handredand twoity cases of fthipt Etruck 
and damaged,' 1»17. 6l * National Defences.* 
1802. 7. * SapfOemental Xational Defences* 
1862, a reply to Sir 3Corton Peto's pamidd^t 
entitled ' ObsemtionB on the Report of the 
l>efence Commissioners.' 

[TonlinsoD's Vemoir; Gent. Mag. 4th ser. 
ni. 38^-6; Enerdop. Brit. 9th edit. riii. 61. 119, 
xL 492-4; Basse and Cooftnej'sBibLConiiib.] 

G. G. 
HABBISOK,'BEXJ.\MINfl771-lS56). 
treasorer of Gnr*s Hontital, foorth eon of 
Benjamin Harrison (173l-1797>, also trea- 
sorer d Gut's Hospital (who was second 
■on of Sir thomas Harrison (1700-17G5>, 
chamberlain of the cit v of Lcmdon, see Getif. 
Mag. 1765, p. 4^), was bran at West Ham on 
S9 Jnlr 1771, lived fortwelre years with his 
fiUber'at Gny^s, sad soooeeded him in the 



. - ^. T ■ 



3 l.iC. Frr ifrr T»a=» "^ r>- 
'—z ■.z.-=.*r^lTr* »,':ftT*rlT >rJ:^ "'^*- H* 



-rlti S-r Ac::r-T CxTi^r *;. x.* br. ii IriS, 

fcr^an-* :^.c ■>•: "nkEa-i^.^i-i -^i^ri it ia.1 
ilwiT« ^*T»r!i tl—r-L il-irris*:- rT«*',T r?- 



K'ICkt?::: ;S>r.',i- tj 






LX^-^-iT^i- 



U* -rxA F.K-S. lii F,S_V- i*z^-T-£-: t*:- : r >f 
•ir: H:ii*.7t*f Bltl::.; >:-"=.* f?^C:=:j*=i'j*. 
iii ^■^•— '*' :f :1t Ei.;zfr«i i^r L*:*e B:*r-L 

U-r Wl.= **ri*Cr< t' '.^.-r 'i tLc *irh^ tj T^isl 

cr.=i=J.*i«xt-=:T« f-.r tL-T citt cf L«:':^x! ':- :L» 
fr=c ^prtK'i-'.s '.f »s '.z/^f.-^iA tax- H* lir^el 
lA.tt*rlT 4: I'jtzh^si 0:=.^:^ 1>^£e* c-t'^ely 
«:ca*er« with ti-r • <'.'Uj-Lk=i =.Hr.'acd ii*d 
ti*t?t '3t 1» SIat IS-V". fc;«rc SL FI*r riinrt^d 
fa iTSC MtTT. l»t:xe:-rT of IL H. U P^llr cf 
Cj<->n tri At^>-j, Eli*?-i. br wh:-=i hr hs-d 
thr**? «»?04 •.L^' *i'i*?:. B^*i=in 'i- t.*. be- 
cttthiz areL-i-=*.?r«i of M.k:i«::.::je-. an^ fix 
diuriterf, tbe *:Ide*s niArrlrii to W. Cripps, 
3LP. f:)r C'L-^^.e-t^r J>Al->'. M=-ti=i- a 
Icird of "h* iT^*.*'arT. 

PtTiizrw 'f tiiiilT '.-f IU.T.*o=. *!;:« ir W?.- 
fr*i J. Crrr-*. F <.A. f rlT^telr pr-tai'lSSI : 

wrk*"» f jniir.eiisj Bifz. His:, cf G-ts"H<*. 
pr.*l-j ' " G.'T. B. 

HARRTSOy. BEXJ.\3ITX, the vomiCTr 
(l^it^lSr-T t. archdeacon of Maidstone. lK>m 
on 25 Sept. 1 rfj^, was son of Benjamin Harri- 
son ^q. T.", tT»**ttj»rr of G ay's H«^i;aL Ue 
matncolated at Chri*: ChurrfuOxfonl. 17 May 
1 *2»5, and was elected a student in 1 S2^ 1 B.A. 
1^30, MA. IS33k HsrriKin had a di?tin- 
^uifbed career at Oxford, where he was con- 
temporary with Mr, Gladstone and other re- 
marKablemen. Ilewos placed in thefirst class 
for cla&^c^ and in the second class for mathe- 
matics HnXO : eained the EUerton theolc^ca! 
eway prize, the Kennicott and the Puiev and 
Ellerton Hebrew scholarships, in lS31-2.and 
the chancellor g Eng-Iish essay priie in 1S32. 
The subject of the last was* The study of diffe- 
rent languag^as it rvlates to the philosophy of 
thehumanmind'<printedOiford,1833). He 
took part in the Onord morement, and wrote 
N08. x-ri. xi-iL ixiv. and iHi. of the 'Tracts for 
the Times,* mostly on the scriptural authority 
for the episcopalian ores nisation of thechurch. 
^ But he was deterred from the Romew&rd 
movement both by his ecclesiastical connec- 
I tions and by his conserratire t«nperament. 



Harrison 



Harrison 



3Ie w(w select preacher to the imiversitv 
<] H;V>-r\ domest ic chnplaiii to Howlev, tirch- 
biiihop of Canterbury (1843-8), canon of Cnn- 
terbury nnd drchtlfncon of Mai(l*>tone(184/»- 
18W7). He had aconsidorablu knowlodgv of 
Hebrew, and was one of the Old Testament 
comiNinr of revisers who produced the version 
of the IJiht^ issued in IHJSo. 

At Cantprbur%' he was distingiiishwl by liis 
x<>al in hi.H archuliueonat wiirk, his intimate 
knnwled^of the clorgy, his repiUarity at the 
cathedral services, his activity mthe hueinosa 
of v&riouB churcli ni'icielies, and al^o by bU 
gtfiuaUty, wit, and tolerance, and bv hia 
mdiDCM to Initp part by sympnthy on(f bns- 
pitolity in pntbernifTs lik« those of the Can- 
terburt' crickel-wfelt or the meeiinjrw of the 
afrricultural unil arcbipolojrical »ocii*lit»s. He 
inherited from Archbi(*hn|i llowlcy n valunblo 
libnirv, and nflcr hi* dpnth bis widow iire- 
ik-nt^il it, with the addition of a collection of 
Flihli'J^ and lit 11 rpi cat worksmadcbr his father, 
and many other books acquired by himself, 
to ('antorbury Cathedral, where it forms the 
Jlowley-ilarrisnn Libmrv. He woa inti- 
mate with Uttan Stanley during lu.^ t4*nun>of 
h GonoDnr at Canterbury, and to him Stanley 
dddioatwi tlie * Uiiitorical Memorials of Oun- 
lerlniry.' 

Harrison died on 25 March 1887, ai 7 Bed- 
ford Sqaare, London, a houso which he had 
inherited from 8ir Hobert Inglle, SI.P. for 
Oxford I'niveniitv, a cj)nnect inn by marriage. 
Ho married in 1^1 IisaU-IIti, d'auKhter of 
Henry Thornton, M.P.,of Batterwa Kiae.bul 
had DO isBUo. 

Harrison published, fwsidcs the 'Tracts for 
the Times * and many single i^ermons and 
cliarKCB, one of which (fives a lifa of Arch- 
bishop Howlev : 1. * Historical Imiuiry into 



counsel to the war office, the corns 
in-chief a office, and the barnick office (ITOtt 
and a&sistant secretary to thetreoHurv (180o 
In 1823 he waa made auditor for life of th_ 
duchy of Cornwall, and in 182<» auditor fdj 
life ofthe duchy of Lancaster. He was mad 
a knight of the grand cross of the Itoyal Iland 
verian and Gutdphic order 13 April 1831 
He died at Spring Garden* Terrace, Londo 
3 Feb. 1841. He was twice married, 
bad a son by his first w^ife. 

Harrison wrote: 1. ' OiwierVBtions in sup 
port of the Title of the King to nil I'^aebeati 
and Forfeitures arising within the Foes c 
Liberties of the Duchv of Lancaster,' &c 
1832. 2. 'Fragmenla of History,' Ifta 
3. ' Substance of a Report on the Laws i 
Jurisdiction of the Stannaries in Cornwall 
1830. 4. 'Memoir respecting the Hereditar 
UevenuRsof the Crown and the Kevenuea i 
the Duchiej< of Cornwall and Lancaster, an^ 
KemoDstrance and Petition widregwed to th©* 
Chancellor and Council of the Duchy of Lan- 
caster,' 1838. 

[Thd Kntghrage of Great Brltiiin and Irebin 
1811 ; Gent. Ma?. 1841, i. 338: Times, 6 Foil 
18H ; Addit. MSS. 20139 f. 104, 20201 f. 78 
22902 f. 147. 29472-4 (including some of officia 
correepondDDci-, 1812-1819), 52168, f. 61.] 

F. W-T. 
HARRI80N,GEORGEHENRY(18l£ 
l84rt),water-colour painter, bom in LivcrpooLi 
in l*<i<t, was the second sou of Mary Hiuri- 
aon [q. v.], the flower-painter. Ho came to 
London lit the age of fourteen, and improved 
bis practice and pocket by working for the 
dealers. Subsequently he wnii engngod in 
maJfing onatomical and other medicaldraw- 
inf^ and illuiitrations, and in p^Uidving nnn- 
tomy at the Hunterian school in Windmill 
the true Interpret alion nf the Kubrics, Lon- I Street. He derived much benefit from the 
don, 1849. 2. 'Prophetic Outlines of the advice ond encouragement of John Constable, 
Christian Church, and the Anti-Chrixtian ll.A., who showed him great kindness, criti- 

Sjwer as traced in the Visions of Haniel and cising his sketches, and urging him coutiau- 
l. John ; in twelve lectures preached in the ally to study nature cloaely. In 1840 he 
Chapel of Lincoln's Inn on the foundation nf I first exhibited at the Royal Ac«demy, and 
Bishop Warhurton,' London, 1K4R 3. ' Privi- | in 1845 he was elected on awoi'-ittte of the 
leges.IlutieB.Bnd Perils in the EnglifihBraneU , Old M'ater-Colour Society in Pall Xfall. A.j 
of thi_' Church of Cbrist,' aix Bermona, Lou- j painful disease forced him to travel in saarchl 
don, 1>^(). He also edited: 1. Sermons of : of health. In I'aris, as he had done in Lon-I 
^Villiam Grant Broughton [q. v.], bishop of don and it.s neighbourhood, he formed claane*] 
Sydnny, with a prefatory memoir. 1867; and | for out-of-door sketching, and was very buc-| 
a. ' ChVistianitv in EgyiH. Lettersnnd iMipers cesaful. His works were chieflv landscapes I 



ndscapes I 
and domestic scenes, and the influence of] 
Watteau and Bouchet is discernible in somaj 
of biii paintings. Ho seldom worked in oxlA 
He mode drawings of the fancy ball scenes [ 
and other festivities at Buckingham Palac« 
tiey-genernl and advocate^neral of Jamaica, for the 'Illustrated London News.' But hisJ 
studied low, was appointed by Pitt registrar str+'ngth lay in landscape, with luxurious! 
far the redemption of the laud tax(i79@); foliage and figures well introduced. The! 



concerning the Coptic Church,' 1883. 
[Privato iaformatioo.] W. H. F. 

HARRISON, Sib GEORGE (J. 1841), 
legal writer, son of Thomas Harrison, attor- 



Harrison 



33 



Harrison 



ketcbos of ' FontaJnt'bleau ' and ' St. Cloud,' 
vliicb he executed in the last year of h\& life, 
bow his mnsteTy of bis art. An oxumplH 
" his work may be seen in the South Keii- 
Bjrton Muaeura. According to Grnves by 
ibihitfd between ItilO and IMIO twenty- 
even pictures: fourteen at the Hoyal Aca- 
emy, two at tbe British lustitutiou, (sleveu 
i Suilblk Street, lie died of aueuriijm on 
f Oct. 1346. 

»*« Dirt, 1885; Ottloy's Diet. 1866: 
IDiat. 1874; Graves'* Diet, of Artists 
^bibiud.] K. n. 

HARRISON, JOITN (Jt. 1030), author 

nd envoy to Uorbory, accordJnfj to his own 

count ser\-ed in tbe wars in li-elaud under 

^^ eth» and on tlie accession of James I 

Pl^mado groom of the pri\'y-cbaaiber to 

^xx llenrv { Cat State Papers, Dom. 1003- 

IBIO p. lIO.'lOiM) 1 p. 50H; BiKCir, Li/e of 

wenry, Princfnf Wnhrs^ p. -JoJ). He retained 

kid position till the prince 'e) death, except that 

^ ItflO he was ^etit on a mission to Jlorocco. 

irards ho wa^ in the suite of the i*rin- 

BlixAbelb,and wHusat XleidelbTg in !tUU, 

inrbea the Elector Palatine started to receive 

the Bohemian crown. Harrison then returned 

England, and in lii'Ji? wos fihcrifi* of the 

Dmors Inlands or Bermudas (Cal. State 

'Pftpfra, (Vilonial, America and AVest Indies, 

1574-lOtJO, p.3L'); he himself states that he 

waaij^rernor. In l(i2-"i he went on amission 

lo ^rbarj; a lon^f letter, dated Tetuan, 

JO July lfii?5, report ini^ liiia negotiations, is 

v«! (Hart. MS. loMi, (f. y2(>-4). 

the autumn of lti:?6, when he is stylrKl 

ptain Ilarrison, be was sent to treat with 

ke kiflKS or governors of Barbara- and of the 

DWTi of .Sallee for the redemption of Eng- 

'i captives and for mercantile intercourse 

RBrfmijXviii. 7(t3,orig,«).; 8eeal8oiviii.807 

1 xix. 27,:>l Jan. I(i2!l; Cal.iftate Papers, 

►rim. I6i»'^«, up. 4-10, 4C8). Sir Henry 

tarlen objected to eending (»uch a mifwion 

trvat With pirates, and Ilarriflou wrote a 

Btler in defence of the proposal ( I'A. pp. 4^0, 

S?9>. lluriug the ue.vl four yt.*ars Harrison 

Dnstanl ly went backwanls and fonvards he- 

~M(*e and Kngland, and suc4.-e):ded in 

|«-i m release of 'JW British suhjnjts 

ii '; p. 219; preface to 7'A* Trat/icai 

U/f n tut Drat hf !ke.) Hurrtrion had an al- 

Bwance of 40*. por diem, but says that he 

Kpeaded 4,000^ of his own money on the 

g's service, for which he could jjet no re- 

om, and was eonsoquentlv iu great distress 

XCal. Statr Pafvrs.YUym. l«iL>7-8, p. 301 , m2t»- 

l«ai, p. '/>«). On -^ June IH^W he received 

|l>0/. in full of LHH)/. due lor bis allowance. 

le 'u> U-t mentioned in IQ3S, when he peti- 

YOL, XIV. 



tions for pavmenT of a deht of 3,(W8/. Ho 
married idiMbeth, daughter of .-Vmbrose 
AMieeler, ' gentleman usher, quarter- waiter' 
{tit. t038-i>, p. 254). 

Ilarrimu published: 1. 'The Messiah al- 
ready come. (.)r Profe.'* of Christ ianitie, both 
out of the Scriptures and auncient Rabbins, 
to convince the Jewea of their palpable and 
more than miserable hlindnease ( if more may 
be), for their long, vaino, and endlesse ex- 
pectation of their Mc8<iiah (as they dreame) 
yet for to come. A\'ritten iu liorbario in the 
year 1010, &c,' This work wna first published 
ju the IjOw CounlrieH shortly after the death 
of 'Prince Henry, my nicsler' (fireface to -nd 
edit.K 2nd edition, ^Vmsterdam, III! n,4to,with 
ati address to Maurice, prince of < )nuige, pre- 
fixt-d. A third edition appeared in Lonaon, 
1050, ll!mo, as * A Vindication of the Holy 
Scrijitures. Or the Manifcstntion of Jesus 
Chnst. The Trve Messiah Already Come. 
, . . Hy that Learned and late Eminent Hi> 
vine, John Harrir^un.' ('niia probably accounts 
for the mistaken description of Harrison as 
'the Reverend' intbe'hritisb Mugeum Cata- 
logue.*) 2. ' The Retisuns which compelled 
the States of Bohemia to reiect tbe Archiduke 
Ferdinand, &c., and inforced thorn to elect a 
new Kinc. Togeiither With the Proposition 
. . . made ^-ppon the first motion of tbe choice 
of tb' Elector Palatine to be King of Bohemia. 
Translated out of the french copies,' Port 
ntJ19J"],4to. 3. < A Short lielation Of tlie 
Departure of the high and uiigbtie Princw 
Frederick . . . from Heydelberg towards 
Prague. . . . MTiearuntois annexed the So- 
lempnitie or maner of the Coronation,' Dort, 
lOirt, 4to. 4. •Bohemica lura Defensa. Tho 
Bohemian Lawes and Uights Defended against 
the Informer; or an Answer to an Informa- 
tion fahily so called secretly printed and di- 
vulged against the Writings published by the 
States of Bohemia, Translated out of Latin 
by L H..' London, lOi'O, 4to. o. 'The Tra- 
gical Life and Death of Mvlev Abdala Melek, 
the late King of Barbaric: With a Proposi- 
tion or Petition to all Christian Princes an- 
nexe<l therevntu.'Dulft, 1033, 4to. This work 
is dedicated to Ciuirlea, prince elector palatini 
of the Rhine, and was presented to him as a 
new-year's gift. 

[Authorities quoted ; Cal. Stats Papers, Don. 
Sor. 1625 In IfiU8 (thern are many small Pffer- 
onecs to Harrison's mission to BarbaiY); Hiit. 
M.SS. CoDtm. 4th Rap. App. p. 411 ; Brit. Mu. 
CaL] 

HARRISON, JOHX (ir,79-lfir)(i), phi- 
lanthropist, onlv son of John Harrison, mer- 
chant, nf Leeds, by Gmce.dQughterofAVilUara 
Kitchingman, esq., wn* born at Pawdmire 
Uouae, ]<eeds, in lo79, and brought up in 

D 



I 




i«w«. Ibel 



ML, wntfayic^or Lac*. Vtt bMii «- 

JbOiMBr flort if wfaidh be appKHi to 
■wrhMn nf hnnt in T.idb. 
ul. with iomeAf the patttaafliaiVB : 
awrrt«I fuanittir be dS ant n ia J » *< 
efaaririM. a&i nrtm g lai^ fartuastf t^ 
fimfle ibr chiriiaMir f nr^mm The bu 

exiflia^ bnUiag; wbkfc ba 
* pleMMit fi^ ' of biB «wi 

■t bu ofaaaft- Tfi* !V««r 3bHC or ' 
KflrfcgM* WMb«ai bf bn^Md Ab - 
^fen ayyuJiHUtm l to ^iots mA cbvi 
M l B O — . That ftnec a ttiiMt i J by ~ 
JolM'a Cbneb, the i i'nw w p ft ■ nawwrnr «f 
bMbaHMfienn. Tie edSfce ww wipe* »- 
tiraWbfbimwtfataa i mwiimf cott; icvM 
^oAamd by lura wicb n tamaal immaarn of 
{lOt* itfT^ 'vas ea»piet«d ta lAM, wbea it 
tna'cooiemtedlrfArebbisbmXetU. lUz^ 
y^oB «ho enebed tad cpAwred > bu ^ l i t op tbe 



-» r, I ti iMJi^^A. WbitahK pp. 11. 1«.S7. 

'. >«. H. a. tM. 3«3. M.»; WUlakwt 

: ElMta.B.S4,M.Ana&z.p|Kt. 

Ptter t I a n M i tt of' 

■■^ f iiwAiii, was bora 

A-wlMrbMibri^gg. AJber 

L^ ooaiaotf' Wafaaa- 

l ■nrMihhi , he bv- 

" --I-vae in the 

I'Ul-e. when 

urns be waa mi 
< of the tiam. b^ , ■ 
i ttatj is doabobL ' Be' 

Kttve If lib I r II. of tbe 

ta Taneasbire,«> aa MMBcisie *ji 

Angter«6ee.aadHoIfia«vfA. IN 



alutflii'uwj sear tbo ebnseh far tba 
of forty Jec«j«Jho«wboy«. 
When tb« townof LaafawM 

br Cborle* I in 1^8. Htmna wm dactt* 
tfte fiwt cbirf iMgw«>»t*. with tba titla of 
gMetrnxa; uhI he wu agiin ehoaHi to fiO 
iImU office in 16»*. Ue was also ooe of the 
eirfht prindpol ««»• of the towii who 
Sy^«dU/tho »Dorof Lesds from 
{i^ciii.intbesM«_«ign- Inl647,stthe 



Isafy 



rf thn Tfsnfhrrti 
IftliS •»! lO0r>. 
la IMS bis name s^pcmrs as 
a si^nar of 'The HaraMaioas Ooosest of U» 
Hiaimiofihs. . . Puaaly mstine af Laa- 
rsm o r^ iriifc the Mmtrtsw of the Ptoriacc of 
l « ntwfaB ,hi tb s iFl s H! T ssli iai M iictothetmeth 
of i«HB€lhBSk»aad to oar Soten League 
and Omasai/ a iliiiawiial Juwt-laJ sgainit 
the tofetataoa of iadifaideDto Ukd other <see- 
tane&' He was imy ii aieJ at Lirerpool in 
;ber 1651 oa nmeioa of earenoad- 



-q«estofhisfrwiids,hepriated.atBennck^ Sept 

gT^ misoenaoaona pieees, mtacmf^ which mg ^ _._^ ___ „ „^.^ ^ .^,.„ ^^^ 

Thonsby mentions a tract entitled *Tbe impUcat^l in Love's plot (Xcwcoiu^ .<tell«- 

f}o«roTOentaftheT<ywnnfI>«de*beforeit dt^.i>.33\ 

wB« ffl*d« a Corporation ' and * A letter to In 1058 a controrer^y about pmbrterian 

lUmn Riffby ' BarrMon was a rtsonch epi- 1 church (roremnwnt anwe between the Rev. 

^eopaliao and loyaiist, and his estates were Isaac AUesi of Prestwwh and other epu>co- 



^SqusnUT sequestrated by the pariiamen- 
urfSmmJinimBn at the close of the otJ 
war. SichMWa srgniTated h« troubles, ind 
fnr more than twcntv months »*'"«*»»* 
d^sfh he wac Wlri<l<l.>n. Ho dieii on 29 Oct. 
IflWi, and wiw intfm-<l on 8 Xov. in hi« own 
(rt-chsnl, which ocnipied thp site of the pre- 
,, : ' ,r*. market: but his remnins were 
r ..moved to St. John™ C'hanh, and 

r ft mnniiment of black marble, 

ovrr whi^'h wiw jiUned hii> portmit at full 
U-tiiClli in hi* roiiniriiittl mb*^^. A fine en- 
Itravioir ft the i«»rtrftit. hv AV. Holt, from a 
drswinc by Thoma* IU>binson, i» in Whit- 
kw'i pfliii'in <»f Thnrr*hv'« ' Diicatus I^odi- 
nit,' ThiTit srn wivt^ral othvr engraved 
jiiirtraita «f Harruwn. 



palians and the Manchester Clasais, and Har- 
rison was deputed by that presbytery to writ* j 
inlhetrdeliBnce. TheTolumeofpape*riwritt«n 
on both sides «-&£ published in It^iP, entitled 
'The Censures of the Chnrcb It^viveJ,' &c., 
and Haxrison's part was done with consider- 
able leaming^ and skilt In St'ptcmb^r the 
same year he was ImprisoDtMl wit h other Lan- 
c&ehire miniatera for complicity in !>ir Georse dl 
Booth's rising for the restoration of the mon- 1 
archy, but he was leniently dealt with, and 
libvrateJ in January ltVW-60 Ob. p. \M), 
On the passing of tho Act of I'niform^ity in 
1662 he reAi^ed his living. The patron 
wi^lied to put Harriftou's son Miiuriw, « con- 
formist, in hi* place ; hut the father tlioufirht 
the young man xvas unfit, and recommended 



tf 



Harrison 



35 



Harrison 



Humu KUuon, vhn wiu appoinUHl. Ilurri- l 
Mm rMidM ar Ashton until the Oxford Act ; 
wu pust'^, when for ft time be removed ' 
to Souiird, eventually returning to Afihton, I 
■wIit'Tv he died on SI liec. 1670, Mcd 57. In his I 
Utter dftj-'i he suffered severi'ly Irom rheiimo- ' 
tilling bv which be lo5t the use of hiH limbt. 
lie nfta beea a strong, henlthy man, ';et [jy 
hia exceistve Btudies, and aMiiiiiouA Inbount 
and watchiii)f8, and sitling mi clothe without 
firw in cold winter nlphts, nis sinews becAnie 
'eucontrnctedan>'^ his bodr so weak, thnt t^me 
yean befon* he died he couhl not stir hftnd 
Or fool ; yet he was hearty ami would often 
•av,**TfI wcrein the pulpit I should b«! well"' | 
(Ci. Hetwwid, Jf/iolf H'vrhi, t. ">37). He was [ 
buried in the cliancel of .Vahton-under-L\'ne 
Churrh,and his finii;nil !«ermon was preached ; 
by hi*Buccetw3r, Kllirton^whQ,asCalaniyi(ay6, ' 
'gave him n trreat character, but not beyond j 
lu«de«en.' IliByounger brother, Peterlfarri- i 
ton, T).D. (rf. 1*'>73), was rector of Cheadle, 
Cbeihire, and conformed nt the Jteatoration. 
Another brother, Jercminh, wba lieutenant- 
ealonel in the army of the Commonwealth. | 

- Account, 1713, ii. 390; Ciilaniy's 
( i,|17'i7i i. 583; Newcftme'!* Aiitob. 

(V ■ It- .n. soe.l, pp, 33. 111. 111.194,284; New- 
come's l»mrv f(/[ietbiiiii Sue.}, j'p. 68, 137. 155 ; 
rif« of A. .Vliirtindrtli! rClietham Sac.) ; O. Hoy- 
wo'xl's Diaries (J. II. Turoer). 1882. i. 63; Lan- 
owkhira Chtirch Sun'rya flUconl .Sic), p. 21 ; 
Ku-wakcT^f^ Eaat Choshira. 1.223; Hall«y*s Lan- 
caahiri). 1873. pp. 360 rt passim. Some of tiarri- 
^l^'a mastt^onpt sennoDa ars in the Cbetliani 
Hbraij.] C. W. 8. 




IRISON, JOHN (I093-177C), me- 

an, bfini at Foulby, in the parij>h of 

?f«gby, Yorkshire, and bi'ipt iped on 'M March 
lOUS, waa the t-ldeU mn of Hetirv IlnrriNon, 
by hia wife Elizabeth Barber of \V''ratfhy, Hia 
fiatber wtis carpenter and joiner to Sir Row- 
land Winn of Nostell Iriory, and also re- 
paired clocks. "When seven years oUl John 
nw taken by hin father to Biirrow-upon- 
|uml)**r, Lincolnshire, where Winn had an- 
^eetate. In ehildh<x>d he wan ottpecially 
by machinery on wheels. He re- 
Luecanly education, and waa never able 
hia ide>afl clearly in miting. A 
lent him a manuscript copy of 
Saunderwin's Wturea on natural 
phy, which he copied with nil thedia- 
In course of time he joined hU father 
ibe workshop, and occasionally made a 
Qnney by land-measurintjandsnrx'evinj.'. i 
"1 In irnprrivethecon(*truction of clocks > 
bet*. In 17iri be consinicted an ! 
' clock with wheeU maile entirely ' 
which is ttill in fioiiig order nt i 
MoaeuiD of Paleats, South Kensington. 



To prevent the effect-s of heAt and cold 
upon ttmekeeners, be devised in 17^ Ms 
* gridiron pendulum/ which consistfi in hav- 
ing the bob Buspcuded by a sertea of parallel 
rods, allcniatoly of stet;! and bniM, so ar- 
ranged that the downward expansion of the 
steel rods frorachangeoftemptjraturv is exactly 
ri'impen.4ated for by the upward e.tjNinsion of 
the bra^ rods. Tbis principle of compensa- 
tion is now [jenerally adopteii. Two of Harri- 
son's long eight-day clocks, one of them with 
tbegridiron pendulum attached, are preserved 
in the mu.*''Um of the Company of Clock- 
makers in the (Tuildball, London. Another 
of his ingenious improvements in clockinaking 
was his recoil escapement, which obviated the 
necessity of keeping the pullets wtdl oiled. 
Thitt escapement has l>een found Komewbat 
too delicate to be generally adopte<I. Harri- 
son waa also the first to employ the ' going 
ratchet,' or scoondair spring, an arrangement 
for keeping the timepiece going at ita usual 
rate while oeing wound tip. 

In 1713 an act was pa.ss4Hl (12 Anne, cap. 
16) offering rewards of 10,000/., 16,000/., and 
'J*),(MM.U. to any one wbo could discover a 
methixl of determining the longitude at sea 
within sixty, forty, and thirty geographical 
mile* respectively. Harrison came to Lon- 
don in l<2ts with drawings of an instrument 
for the purjwee. George Graham [q. v.], who 
examined bis invention, adWscd him to con- 
struct the instrument before applying to the 
board of longil ude. Ho finished one in L735, 
and having obtained certificates of its excel- 
lence from Hatlev, Graham, and others, he 
was eent in 1736 in a king's ebip to Lisbon 
and back to test it. In this voyage he cor- 
rected an error in the nhip's reckoning of one 
degree and a half. Si.\ days iiftiT hi* return, 
on 30 Juno 1737, the board ordered TiOO/. to 
he paid to him in two moieties, though 
Granan, who was consulted, urged that ho 
should have at least 1,000/. Harrison com- 

Iileted a second chronometer in 173il. It was 
c«s cumbrous than the first. For u third in- 
strument ofstill smaller make be was awarded 
the Copley medal of the I^^yal Society in 
174fl. A fourth timepiece in the form of a 
pocket watch, about five inches in diameter, 
was finished in 1759. Trial of its accuracy 
was made by his son William during a voyage 
from rort^mouth to Jamaica and back, loat- 
ingfrom IS Nov. 1761 to 1*6 March 1762, 
when it was found to have erred not more 
than one minute and fiHy-four and a half 
s'-'cond*. Tbis amnnnted to only eight<'»en 
geopniphicnl miles. The board of Inmgitnde, 
however, n-fuflcd tocerlify thai Harrison had 
won the priie. Harrison thereupon peti- 
tioned parliament, with the result tnat on net 

0-2 



i.irr.i - ;: namson 

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■'1. : ■. .-^ ; . ^ : - r ■ - n : - • - 'i t- v 3: u-.':il s.-j.r ? — -:l.iT.i.^aI division of 

"i- " n- L —■:-■• ' •^...— ..-- :--■■- .~-. ■ . -.■■ —. -^ L- LL-: i-t^-r'-r? . :' a cirtle have re- 

T :..- --: " — * :— . '. ■.-■-. .- : - r:-.- - i- :..;•:■■ -:rr ;: 'z-- I,-:n::itU(le' 

.--■'i:^ 1- :-':' - ^ . ■ ■ ..- ■ :- .::■ 1." "."■:" _ A Ni-rritiTe vf th-? Pn> 

- i" jiij—,- ^ vj,. --■--: - :-- T-i. : - :■- -._r ':■■-■- i* *^a - -jt ' Hir-i«--.nV Time- 

/i: / ^V\-.-\ : - : : -- '* ;■. r? ' ?'" "Tit ?:^:!7:4"^: Mr. llar- 

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-: :--■:- -^17. -. V -- ^ - — -- ^ -xti—j: :7 P. I..Ta*- 
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K!:a'>^*--. ■; -: .:. ■> Mtr-.L "77". i.-^ ■ Tl'. wt'.".. r.-? -•;t-:-- :: K-.r^rs:::: i,- >-.:rroy. H:? 



Ilia two SOMA, wlio eoiitliiutH] the publication 
ac far an the Lwenty-Kcventli vohiinc in iKjO, 
whfn it wo* nlterwl to a w*?t'kly print as 
'Tht> (■Jordd'nAr's Weekly Miimusiiio,* fiiialty 
po.«*ing into thf liamls of C'jllingriJge, (he 
printer, and under a twvr oditor it ^eanit* 
ihe currtnl * Cianlener's M(i;razine.' Hnrri- 
Bon also editMl 'The Horticultural UegJutiT,' 
Tol. i. l^il, in conjunriion with J. Pnxton; 
' The (fardi?npr's and Forester's K*>copd,' 
](*:«; "The Carden Almonnck' for 1K43; 
and • Th'_' (inrJener's and Naturalist's Al- 
manack,' coiumenced iu I8''j3 and still in pro- 
greae. 

fPief. Flor. Call.; raantxacript informatioo ; 
Bnt, Mui. CaU] B. D. J. 

HARRISON, MARY (178B-187ro, 
flower-pain t«r, bom in LivL-rpool in 17K8, 
wu the daughter of William I^issitf^r, » 
pnapennu bat manufacturer of tSiockport and 
LtTerpool. In 1SI4 she mnrrieti William 
Ilnrrisim and visited France after Mapoleon'a 
alKlieatiori. Her eldest sun waa bom at 
Ainiena, and »he had to return hmne iu hiuti* 
in !Hl*>. Setllioff apiinin IJvHqwnl licrhus- 
bandjoined partnership inn brewery, in which 
he lost all his capital. Mrs. Harrison then 
turned as a means of . support tor her family 
to the art she had loved for its own sake. 
She became a favourite teacher in Liverpool, 
Cht-ater, and thecountrj' round. In 1829 she 
to Ltiiidon, and on the foundation in 
thi^ New S<>ciely (now the linynl lu- 
of I*uinter3 in Wnter-Colourjt) she 
one of the original nieuibera. Ilnr 
ough of limited scope, wui* of a ver)* , 
delicate and refined aatun.'. Her fruit anil 
flower piocen, unfailingly exhibited year after 
ye«r at the galleir in Pall Mall, bore uomis- 
takable uarli& of taste, fueling, and close 
obtHTvation of nature. Her first works, exe- 
cute! in the second decade of the century", 
followed the prim fashion of the time in re- 
presenting detached si>i«eimen« of fruit or cut 
sprigs of ganli-n flowen, or a branch of bluok- 
berry blo9!*om Iving near a bird's nest. As 
progressed, t^e beauty of growing plants, 
iially of wild flowers, engaged her titten- 
ion. wlightful groups of violets, cowsliiw, 
urood anemones, and primra<u.*t« would vie with 
anowdnnks, cTi»cus«-'i), and the most beautiful 
HH^a in tier annual supply to the aocieiy's 
exhibition. She paintwl primroses in thret^ 
panels ' Infancy, ^iHturity, Decay.' Sp^ei- 
nifns of her work an* to be seen in the gallerT,' 
of the South Kensington Museum. OravfH 
(fivi'stbe number of the pictures she exhibited 
Bd over fifty. After a life of unenditig. but 
not unpleasant, labour she died at Hami>slend 
on Ifo 5iov. lf?75 in the eighty-eighth year of 
her agv, having previously ascertained that 




berry 
^^^won. 



^ 



Harrison 

1 the picturea she had just been preparius for 
the winter exhibition of her society had been 
deajmtehed to their destination. Her two 
sons, (.ieorgp Henry and William Frederick, 
are separately noticed. 

[Athempum. Xo. 2510, ■* Dec 1875, p. 758 ; 

, Bryan's I>iet. 1886: ChmTea'i DicL of Artiste 
who have exhibited.] R. H. 

I HARRISON, RALril (I74i?-I810), 
' nonconformist divine and tutor, son of Wil- 
liam Karri J>on,presbyt«rian minister of Chin- 
ley, Perbyphirc, was l)om at Chinlej* on 
I idSi'pt. I74>>. lie was dcjicended from Cuth- 
bert Uorrisou (*/. October 1680), ejected from 
Lurgan, co. Armagh. In 1763 lie entered 
I the Warrington Academy, of which John 
I Aikin,ll.l).(1713^-I780) [V|. v.], wa* divinity 
I !iit<jr. In 17*59 he wo* apjwinted aasiatant 
ti> Joseph Fowne.'s (I715-I(H9) as minister of 
High .Street ('hawd. Shrewsbury. Ou29Dec. 
(elected 17 Nov.) 1771 he succeeded Joseph 
Motter»head (I(k<R-177l) at Cross Straet 
, Chapel, Mancheflttrr. HistheolouywaBAzian. 
From 1774 be kept a school, andgained great 
repute as a teacher, among his pupils being 
the aonsof the Marquis of Wateriord. From 
the institution of the Manchester Acwlomy 
(22 Feb. 178(1) till 17«1» Harriwrn was pro- 
fi'asor of classics and ttetlcj^/fftrrA there. He 
died, after longilIne^s,on lONov.1810. Soon 
after 8el t ling in Mimebe^lcr, lie married Ann, 
daughter of John Toiicbet. 1 1 is son William , 
id. .'iO Nov. Is'jil, aged 80) was minister at 
Blacklcy, I^ncashire ( lb03-54) ; another 
son, Jolm, ( 17'!'6-lN*;3), was a Manchester 
merchant and father of John Harrison, Ph.D. 
(fi. 1866), minister at Chowbeut, Laucashire 
< 1838-47 1, Brixton, Surrey (lW7-t)l ), and 
Ipswich (iWiUS). 

Harrison published: 1.* Institutes of Eng- 
lish liraromur.'&c-, Manchefiter, 1777, 12mo. 

2. 'Sacred Harmony,' &.c. ri786],4to,2vohi. 
(containit }Ktalm tunes of uis composition). 

3. 'A Sermon ... at Manchester ... on oc- 
casion of the Establishment of an Academy,* 
Ac. Warrington [I7H6], 8vo. 4. 'Account 
of the Author,' prefixed to John Seddon's 

fnpthumous 'Discourses,' Warrington, 17113, 
2mo. Po8th\imou» was 6. ' Sermons,' Ac, 
1813, 8vo (prvti.\e«l i» ' Biographical Memoir * 
by bis son W illiam ). Also some geographical 
manuals, 

[{'aliuny'iir«uiiouiit)on. 1727.1.672; Monthly 
nej>oiiitopy. 1810 p. 601.1814 p. 2«4 ; Harri- 
Kiiu'h UiographicBl Memoir, I8I3; .^stley'sHist. 
Prfttb.Mpeiing-House, Shrewsbury. 1847. p. 19; 
Koll of siodetiiB. M'lnrh'Htpr Acndumy. 1868 ; 
nnker'« Memorials of a DissontiogChapfl (Crosa 
■Street, Maachrslor), 1884. pp. 44 aq.. 109, 143 
sq. : mnnuacript liatof lAonutiire and Cheshire 
Pr*iU chjipala] A. G. 



Harrison 



38 



Harrison 



HARRISON, 1I0IU:UT (//. 1585?), 
Uruwiiirtt , iimtripulttted a* a pensinner *if St. 
John's rulloge, Ciunbrid^, 4 Oct. 1504, re- 
moved to Corpiw Christ! College, and pro- 
oeedtHl B.A. 1667. M.A. 1572. In July 1573 
bo uppUfd for the post of majrter of the 
grainmiir school of Aylsliani, Norfolk, being 
reconittU'nc)t»d to Ilixhop Parkhurst by the 
mnyor and certain of the uldenuen of Nor- 
wich. The recominendati'in endeavoared to 
^ excuse liurUoa for having raised an objcc- 
fcion to the use of the prayer-book service at 
' ' I mitrriage. The buaop at first refused to 
appoint him, ftllfgiiigthat he was yoiinp, tlmt 
he hrtd rwiMitly suilVred • wiiha phr«?nsy/and 
thnt his olTenct* iu the matter of his marriage 
had bfen committed in spite of the warning 
.of thu vicar, 'Hu'iton, and the schoolmaster, 
fOret-nwixxl. The bisibHp finally gave way, in 
re5^ion.ti* t<i an npp<'iil fmra the chief inhabi- 
tantM of AyUliam, but within a month of his 
uppointmiMit Harrison n'(|ue.sted thnt change* 
might be madt< in the baptismal wrvice on 
the occaf*ion of his being godfather to an in- 
jferit, and hi* was in coti^iMjuenee n-moved by 
|Uie biBhup in January 1574. Uurrtson after- 
[•tranlfi wi-nt toC'mubridgi' with a view to tak- 
ing orders in lltL> KngUsli church. He was 
disauaded by liobert Browno [q.v.],'whom be 
bad known previouKly. Subsequently he be- 
came miutiTof a hosiiital in Norwich, pro- 
b«blv the liOAitital or 8t. Giles, or the Old 
Men » Hospital, which had pome connection 
•with Aylnhnm. Hmivne visited him at Nor- 
wich, and lodgT'd and boarded with tnui and 
hia wifn, In ' A True and Sliorl iV-claraii'in, 
ftc'IlrownegivfAnnelalh^rateacciiuntofihe 
[origin and growth of his friendship with 
Harrijinii, wnora lio puts lirst in the li.<t of his 
bnlprrx and disciples. Acc<*rding to Bro'wne'* 
narrative, llurrison eam« €Y)mplet«ly over to 
biH viewn, nndtht* I wo spent all their energies 
in preaching aiifl eulUyting a congrtvntion at 
Norwich. In April 1581 Biehon !• rcake of 
Norwich Aeut furntal articles or complaint 
iSgWDflt Drowne and llarrioon to Burghlev, 
Fftnd the whole congregation decided to mi- 
gmie tiVMiddelburg in Zindand in the autumn 
of iho (laine yi'ar (1581 ). lIarrii«on,icconling 
to hia own account, i*iitren?d impri^nment 
bufnre leaving Kiitflftiul(-i Littlr Trratw, 
nraf.) At Middelburg the refugtnw cnjoyc-i 
mHHiom of worthiji, antl wrv^tc tracts fxplmn 
ing their views, wliich were (ih)]tpe<l over t.* 
Kngland and tli>tribiitod in largo (|^kiantities. 
Two men wnn* bangM for dtsperHing them, 
■■i^d Hiyal proclamation if*?ued ngninHt them 
• l&KS. ] n » hr pn^Iamat ion Tliirrii»on 
Unetl Hichard. llarriiuui wmte two 
Cohibitetl Uiuks: I. * A LIttk'Tre«- 
Milhe firste verse of the I22nd Psalm. 



I 



Stirring np unto cart-full dt-siringand dutiful 
labouring for true Church Gouvememect, 
U. H.,' 1583, 16mo,reprintedat Loydon, 1618, 
16mo. The preface statea that the book is a 
fragment of a more elnborate work on church 
government, which illne** and the cost of 
printinpprtjvented Harri.-«)n frfim completing. 
2. 'Three fonuca of I'att'chismej. conteyning 
the mofst principal p>intes of Rtligion/ 1583, 
Itimo. The coat of printing the Brownist • 
tracts was apparently borne largely by liar- 
riwn (S. Bkldmlli,, Itmtin^ <^ thi J-ounda- 
tionM<ff BroirnUme, p. xli). Grave disseor- ] 
»ions tMDon anise among the memberB of t-he- 1 
Middelburg congregation (G. Joh»bon. DU' 
covrte i>f»omf Tn>ubU*and Kvrommuiiicatwn* 
in thf banisfufd Knglink (.Tturch uf Amgfer- 
dam). Harrison and Bniwne quarrelled, and 
the latter sailed for Si'ot land with a few foU j 
lowers in November or December 1583, J 
Harrison was now the head of the coagrega-^ 
tion, and made an unsuccessful effort To join 
it to the Conforming Church of English mer- 
chantj$ presided over by Cartwright and 
Fenner. He apparently addresse<l a formal 
letter to Cartwright, who In his reply spoke in 
high tenns of Harri&on. Hnrri&on wn>te a.| 
second letter, and printed it along with Cart- ^ 
Wright's in 'An Answere to Master Cart-j 
Tvright his Letter for joyning with the Eng- J 
lish Churches : wliereunto the true copio otj 
his sayde Letter is annexed,* ftc, Loudon,' 
n.d. 4to. Harrison died about 1585. 

Bettdo§ the works mentioned above Hani- 
eon is credited with: 1. 'Of Ghostcs ond 
Spirites walking by night, and of strangel 
noirses, crackes, and sundry forvwamingwi, 
wliich commonly happen before the deatb of 
menne, great f>lau^hters and alterations of 
kvngdomeA. One Booke. Written bv Lewe* 
Lsvaterus of Tigurine^ and translated into 
Knglyshe by K. H./ London, 4to, 1572 and 
loOG. 2. 'A boke of the forme of common 
prayers, administration of the Sacramentcs, 
Ac, agreeable to Gods worde and the uee of 
the Keformed Churches,* 8to, 158li. 1567]^ 
and po&$iblv 3. ' Master K. H. His letter to^ 
the B. of Norwich,' 1570 (in A Partt of a 
Jif^jUtfr, pn. 365-70). 

' A Theitlogicall Discourse of the Lunb of 

< iixl and 1 1 is enemies,' London, 4to, 1590, often 

': ' I'-xl to Harrison, is by Richard Harrer 

I Mr.XTER, Otnyrf^rtionalism, p. to, 

n^|.. lo; ef. Sthtpb, ^muJ!*, n. ii. oi, moA 

Brook. Pnritm», i. 193). 

[U. M. Dexter, in bis CoognKationalism as 
sern ia it* Litoratore, has sketdbad Barriaon's 
life, <rorTecttng and adding to Coopu^s account in 
AthcDK Cantabr. ii .177. S» also Fuller's Chnrph 1 
Hbd- ed. Brewer. T. 67 ; Brooka'a Cartwright , [^, I 
30ft-fi ; and aatboritifla cited above.] R. B. 



ri- 
of I 



Harrison 



39 



Harrison 



HAJIRISON, UOBKUT (1715-1802), 

wtliLinatician, was B|)iK)inU»(l maat«^r of 

the Triaity House Scbool in Newcastle on i 
14 Jan. 1767. For several years previoiuily | 
]m hud become well known from tlic part li*i 
look in the courses of lecliiT*'?* estfthU«lied in 
the town in 17^9 by Ituiac Thom8on,printer. 
1 Urri^ton lectured on elementary physica, me- 
cluknicii, and dynamlra, and in conjunction 
with Thomson published ' A Short Account 
of a Course ot Natural and Kxpt'tiroentnl 
PbUoeophy. comprehen<iing MerbanicB, Uy- 
<lrostaiic«,iindl*neumatic«,withlheKlement8 
of Optic--* find Artmnoniy'(NBwciii<tIe, l7o7l. 
Amon^thti privale ])upils of Harrison wore 
John ocoU. and bis brother (afterwards Lord 
Eldon and Lord Sto well ). liesides his raathe- 
malical acquirements Unrrison iitliiined a 
at repiitatinn as n linf^iist, and according 
Uichanlson (Lot^l Iliitorian, iil. 21) was 
'^iiainled with almost every known Inn- 
lage.' Aller reaigninff his masterehip in 1 he 
nity House Sch'xvl, he retired to Durham, 
lEved there during the rest of his life. In 
h towns hi* wa»p!ent<rally known aji Philo- 
^ her Harrisiin. In November i(Hi'2 he died 
'l>urham,intheeighty-*?ij{hihyearofhi8age. 
[Ricfa/inl eon's Local Uistorioa's Tnbjo Book, 
ii. 242, iii. 21.1 K- ^- ^• 

HARiUSON. SAMUEL (17(I0-|H12), 
vocalist, was bom nt Reljier, Derbyshiri', on 
S .Sept. 1760. Burton, a hasw singer, was his 
«&rlie«t instructor. Harrison was trained as 
soprano to aing* solos at the Aneit-nt Con- 
and ot the Society of Sncred Music in 
fi. Not until he was eighteen did his 
lice break (Ltsoss). Hecuitivated hjstenor 
ice with the utmrtst core, and bt>c»nie the 
Vnoat fioished singer of his age. (lt>orge III, 
beanng him at one of the queen's parties, 
had the artist engaged for ibe Hnndei Com- 
memoration, 17*^, 10 open the 'Messiah;' 
be thus sprang intn the notice of musicians 
ami fashionable pe«>ple. He hod mode his 
( apjiearance at the Threr Choirs meot- 
aa principal tenor in 1781, at Ghmoeft- 
T; from l7Wi until 18<)8 he wng at each 
of the Herefonl mwtingw, and from 1801 
till 1808 was a priiioii>ttl also at filoucesler 
4Uid Worcffller. The meeting of iHll was 
Buinag«d by Harrison with others. In I.^ndon 
! WH« a mt>mher of the Catch Club, and 
irfurmed at the Professional Concerts from 
:)nt 1788. ot Saloman's from 17H6, and the 
iety of Sacred Music from 17^*5 uniil 17IH1 
hen Kelly succeeded him). In conjunc- 
n with Ashley, Harrison conducted (mml 
g in) oratorio at Covent (inrden Thtmire 
during (he l^int of 1791; he «ang in the 
DruT^ Lano oratorios in 171M. and at the 
Lenteaconcert»attheKing*flTheatreinl7y5. 





Harrison was principal tenor at the Ancient 
Concerts fmrn l~!^>'i until 1791, when he 
seceded.and, with Charles Knyvett the elder, 
established the ^'ocal Concerts. The first was 
givenonllFeb.l79d at Willis's Rooms, Hero 
excellent perfumiances of Kngliab chamber 
music were provided, but ceased to attract 
after a few seo^ions, Harrison and the chief 
promoters of the enterpriso returning to the 
Ancient Concerts. In 1801 tho Vocal Con- 
certs were rev ived on a much larger scale than 
heretofore, wiih anorchestra; they were very 
successful until newer musical attractions 
drew the public away. In 1821 Ilarrisonrc- 
peated Monie of his most popular performancca 
(see (irove) at his benetit concert on 8 Mny 
181:2. He died of internal inflamumtioo on 
the following 'J^> June at Percy Street. Ha 
was buried in Old St. Pancras gravevard. 
A n inscription on the stone gives Imes by the 
Kev. T. Beaumont (IU>ffe, Monumental In- 
scriptions, So. QiS). 

'Nature had bestowed upon Harrison but 
slender mat«haLs' (Uihuauli), but he had 
leikmt to exetcise complete control over bis 
delicate organ, which was two octaves in 
compass, although limited in power. ' Had 
his physical powers been equal to his taste/ 
wrote acoutemporary, ' Harrison would have 
been in all points uuriralled.* Tho ana can- 
tabiie showed his capacity to most advan- 
tage. His favourite songs were Pepuscb'a 
• Alexis,' Handers ' Lord, remember t>o>'id,' 
and ' Pleasure, my former ways reaigning;' 
Boyce's * Softly rise;' Zingarelli'a 'Umbra 
adorata ; ' Webbo's ' A Koae from her bosom 
had straved;* and in later days, AttwotKl's 
' Soldier's Dream ' and Horsley's ' Gentle 
Lyre ' {Dicttonan/ of Music, 183/ ). 

Harrison married, on 6 Dec. 1790, Misa 
Cantelo, a 'pleosinK and well-toned soprano 
singer, free from English brogue and vul- 
garity' ( BuKNKV ^, Before she married Har- 
rison her musical career run in parallel lines 
with his. She was a favourite at the Ancient 
Concerts and at the Three Choirs fesTivals, 
and earned some measure of praise for her 
performance at the Handel Commemoration 
of 1784. Her style of singbg, particularly 
in its negative virtues, seems to have re- 
sembled llarrlsou's. She died in 1831, 

[Lysons's Aunsl^i of the Thre* Choin, pp. fiO 
«0. &P.; Diet, of Mubic, 1827. p. 833; Grore'i 
I)lct.i. 6<»2,iv.ai8: OwiuMag. lSI2.pt. i. p. 669; 
Pijld'H Ua^'^hi in London, p. 34, &v.; Uumey'a 
Hnndel ComniemorHtioQ ; Banuonicou, 1B30, p. 
sal ; Quarterly Musical Kariow, i. SI.] 

L.M. M. 

HARRISON, STEPHEN { fl. 1603) 
joiner and architect, is perhaps the 'Stephen 
llarryson, son of Peter Harryson/ who waa 



Harrison 



4« 



Harrison 



haptistMl it St.lHonis HockcliuTch, I^ndnn, 
on 2o Mi»y lo"- (Jiryintfr). (ftherwise he U 
linowti only through a very rare volume en- 
titled 'The Archs of Triumph Erected in 
honor of the Tli^h and mighty princi>, Jame«. 
the tint of that name. King of England, and 
the silt of Scotland, at hisMaiestie* Entrance 
and pofisape through his Ilonnmble Citty k 
chamberof I»ndon,^-i)onthe l.'j** day of march 

1603. InvirntM and puhlL^htnl by Hit^pheu 
Harrison Jf>vuer and An-hilec-t: and praven 
hy Willium ^ip.' It is a ihia folio, and ends 
with the colophon: 'Imprinted at London 
by lohn Windet, Printer to tho Honourable 
ditin of I^ndon, and are to be sold at the 
Authors house in Limfr-strt'ct.at the ugneof 
thcSuayle. 160-1.' An eu^nvwl title-page is 
followe<i by seven full-psffe engmvingB of 
the triumphal archfs and nine leavea of 
descriptive text, contributed tin-tbably by 
Thoma« Dekker and John AWb}tI«T, whose 
nunei are attached to the odes with which 
the volume opens. Tlie archcawere seven in 
niunber, thouph only five were originally in- 
tended, and qU except thos*- ercctrd by the 
'merchant tsLrangerrt' were d^ignod byllar- 
rifionanderectcd under hi)* super^'ifaiun. Three 
hundred or more workint-n were i'ni]doyed on 
them &om t he beginning of April I o t he end 
ofAugustl603,wlien.on account of the plague 
which wiij; then raging in London, the slate 
entry of the king vtm postponed, end the 
prei»rutinu8 discontinued until Eehrunry 

1604. The arches at W'eat Clieap and Temple 
Bar were then added, and the whole com- 
pleted within six Wf'elc!*. narri!«an'» hook i« 
extremely rare, especially in the first state 
before tht* words 'Are to be sould at the white 
horse in Pope« head Alley,by John Sudbury, 
and Goorgp Humble,' were added nt the foot 
of the title-page. There art> oopies of the 
first iwuc in the Orenville Librar}-, Briti.ih 
Museum, and in the JIuth and Britwell Li- 
braries. 

[NiehoU'ii Progresses of King JsrafS thu Fin«t, 
1828. i. 328-99; Coner's CoUcctiincn AokI'^ 
Foetieo, 1860~S3, iii. 134-9; Cat. of the Uath 
Library, 1880. ii. 666.} K. E. G. 

HARRISON, SUSAXNAU (1752- 
1764), religious poctee^, probably bom at 
Ipswich in 17o2. wns one of a large and poor 
family, and entered domestic sen'lce when 
sixteen years of age. Four years after she was 
prostrated bv illness, and ttonceforth became 
a coil finned invalid. Alt liough without regu- 
lar educiilinn, she taught herself lo writ*, 
nnd devfloiM^I mudi poHic liower. She be- 
came rerv pious, end (alludini; to Job xxxv. 
10) colled her verses * Songs In the Night.' 
Sbereluctantly consented to theirpublication. 



In the first edition^ 1780, they are stated to 
be * bv a young woman und«T deep afHtc- 
tion#,'aiid were edited by Dr. John Condw 
[<^.v.] Aaecond edition was iscuad in 17i?l, 
withelevenadditionalpftgi?s. Dr.Condersup^ 
plied st'veral pages nf ' Uecommeiidalioo,' 
and ^Susannah added an acrostic to «ibow bfr 
name. The fourth edition (Ipswich, IT^^) 
was augmented with twenry-two pages of 
wjsthumou--* vrTsen, nnd twelve more nccount- 
mg her reeiguatiuii and giving u<lmonition!t to 
her friends Iwfore she died. Shedletl A Aug. 
1784, and wofi buried in Tucket ;?(reei burial- 
ground, Ipnwich, with an inscription record- 
ing that *ahe wrote "Songs in tho Night."* 

SuBonnah Harriiion's }>oems rF>aehed a 
fifteenth edition in 18^3. All that she wrot« 
is strongly tinctured with religious enthu- 
siasm . Her versification is smooth , although 
Aometimea defaced bv grammatical blunders. 
Tlie influence of Ken is apparent in her 
earlier pieces, and tliat of Cmvper and New- 
ton afterwards. It is evidt-iil that she lud 
read Milton's ' Ode to the Nativity.' 

A portrait (a silhouette | of the authoress 
forms the frontispiece of the first edition. 
She also wrote 'A Call to Bntuin/ seem* 
ingly a broadside, of which many thousands 
were sold in a short time. 

[S. Harrison's Sou^, and the Becommeoda- 
tioD, FrelWce, Jke^ by Dr. Conder; Brit. Mi 
Cat.] M. O. W. 



i 



on in" 



HARRISON, THOMAS, D.D. <l 
16!Jl ). biblical scholar, was born in London in 
irwudfnwpeclable parents, entered Merchant 
Taylors' ScImkiI in 1570, where he i? Btated 
to have been second in learning only ti 
Lancelot Andrewea, aft erward8hi*>bopof\Vin' 
Chester; he proceeded to St. John's foil 
Cambridge, and graduated B.A. in 1576. At' 
Cambridge hitJ scholarship at tractf^l the notice 
of Dr. Whitaker, who for the excellence of hia 
versea used to call him ' <!uum poetam.* lie 
apparently became a fellow and tutor of 
Tnnily College. Horrison was a puritan* and 
in l'V*9 is mentioned h.-* attending a synodal 
St. John's Cdllege, alnng with Cartwrighl 
and others <1Ukek, UtAtury of St. Jnktii 
Collfi/f, ii. (X)I). He was a noted hebraiei 
and among the revisers of the bible 
bled by jRmesI ; he belonged to the compon; 
of eight who met ut Cambridge, and wei 
allot le<l the * first of Chrnnioles, withthere 
of the storj" and the Hagiogrnpho.' For tin 
last twenty years of bis life he wo* vi 
prt'fect of Trinity College. He died in 1631 
and was buried with some pomp in the cha; 
of his college. A Latin volume in his honoii 
WU8 wrilt«n hy Caleb Ilnlet-hamp; it is 
titled 'narriaomu Honoratua : Id est Horn 



Bra il« Vitn,* kc. (ramliridge, lrt.S*J), Bud 
_ ntuiii«t a m>>Bi;n< otitliiiu of liin life in tlie 
form of a funeral ornlion, 'n-ith aotnc Latin 
obituary verse* to lits memory. 

(Rolfioson's Itegirter of MerchJint Tnvlor*' 
School, i. 15; FnUcr's Church Hist. 1815, 
T. 871-1 II. 13. 

HARRISON, THOMAS, U.U (./7. 1658), 
noucouformi&t divine, bom ai Kiii^stoD-upon- 
lliUl. Yorkshire, was takoD by his finrcnt* 
while a youth to New Ensliind, nnd there 
tmincd up to the ministry, lie beciuae chap- 
lain to the goremor of Virgiuia, an enemy 
of the |iuritan8. Tlie governor, with thecnn- 
nivunce of llHrrison, expelled from Vircinia 
certain miniflters who held extreme views, 
and their expuUion was followed bv a cliK- 
•Jitrous rising among the Indians. This was 
held by many, Harri*on included, to be a judg- 
ment of Providence against the persecutors 
of the expelled preachers. Harrison's change 
of views oL-eusioned liis diamisaal, upon which 
eaine to Ixindnn, and, obtaining f<ome 
De u a preacher, wa^ chosen about UI50 
mieceed Dr. Goodwin in his 'gatbere*! 
burch' at St. Ilunst«nVtn-the-Ea.'^t. Here 
remained for a few yftars. al>er which 
removed to Brombrough Hall, Wirrall, 
hcshire. In 1667 he accompanied Henry 
omwell, when he went to Ireland as lord- 
eat^nant. He lived in Cromwell's family, 
and preached at Chriet Church, Dublin. At 
the Restoration he left Irelnnd. nnd settled 
t Chester, preaching lu large congregations 
1 the cathedral, till he was silenced by the 
ketof UniformitT. From a list of graduates 
; Cambridge from 10 Oct. 1660 to 10 Oct. 
51, it appears! that Harrison took his D.D. 
•re; but according to Ciilamy {Account, 
607) he received it at Dublin. After 
the passing of the .\ct of L'nifonnity he re- 
amed to Dublin, and founded a flourishing 
dissenting churcli of congregational views, 
"^kis elo4{uenee and fluency both in prayer and 
f-oching brought him great notoriety, and 
Lhuny stales that * be was a complete gen- 
eman. much courted for his conversation.' 
hen he died there was a general mouniing 
Dublin. He left behind him n valuable 
bnuy, containing many manuscripts, among 
lem a 'System of Divinity' in a large folio 
written by himself. Hepublisfaed: 1. *Topica 
•SatTa: .S]'irituul I.,ogicK: some brit-f Hints 
and Helps to Fnitli, Meditation, and Prayer, 
"^smfnrt and Holiness. Conimunicjitetl at 
arist Churcli, Dublin, in Irelimd,' London, 
|o8, 12mo. Thi* waa dedicated to Henry 
awell. It b»^nme extremely popular 
ring the end of the seventeenth century, 
ciaUy among tlie poorer classes iu Scot- ' 



land. A second jpart was oddt-d in 1712 by 
John Hunter, minister of Ayr, This wob 
frequently reprinted. A revised and cor- 
rected edition of the first part, under the title 
of 'Spiritual I*leadinp nnd Kxpostulationa 
with Ciod in Pruver, was published bv the 
Uev. Peter Hull wi 1838 in IHran. 2. *'Uld 
Jacob's Account Cost up, &o.; a Fiuieral Sep- 
inon for Lady Su^nnoli Kevnolds, nreaclied 
ttt Lawrence Jewri*,' 13 i'*eb. 165-1; and 
a. 'Threni Hil)ernici, or Ireland sympathis- 
ing with Ltigltind and Scotland In u sad 
Lamentation for the Lo^sof their Josinh;* a 
Sermon preached at Christ (.'hurrh, Dublin, 
on the Death of Oliver Cromwell, London, 
UioQ, 4to; dinlietttedto Mhe most illustrious 
Richard, Lord Protector,* ttc. Harrison pre- 
fixed ' An Epistle to tJie Header' to ' I^em- 
mata Meditationum, kc. By Philo-Jesim 
Philo-Carolus,' Dublin, 1672, Hvo. 

[ralmsrs NoDConfuroiist's Memorial. 1602, 
i. 330, iii. 17<; WilwjnV Hial. of DissentinK 
Churchw. t. 221-3; Hist, of the Writers of Ire- 

isnd, writirn in I>ulin Ity Sir Jaroox Ware, , . . 
tnintJalpdbyWjilterlUrriji. Dublin. I63il.p. 343; 
Notes tiDfl Quorifs. 2ad ht. i. 94, 181.] R. B. 

HARRISON, THOMAS (1606-1660), 
regicide, was, according to the most prohablo 
accounts, the son of a butcher or grazier at 
Newcaalle -under- Lyme, Staffordshire (A 
Compfftr Cothction of the Zive^, SpfecAes,qcc. 
of fh'ifr Permng latelji ejTcuted, brj a Perion 
uf QtinlHy, 14(61, p. 1 ). It is states! that he 
was baptised I'JJuly 16C»6 (Life of Harrison, 
appended to the Trial of CAarleti I nnd nwrur 
of tht liegicides^ 18^1*, p. :W3), but the entry 
is not to be found in the register of New- 
cnstle-under-Lvnie. In an account of Harri- 
son given in Air. F. A. Indenft'ick's * Side- 
lights on the Stunrts,' be is described as of a 
good Durham family; but all contemporary 
evidence connects him with Statlbrdsbire, 
and agrees lluit his family was nf low rank. 
Harrison seems to have Ufn well educated^ 
and WHS then placed by his father 'with on 
attorney, one Mr. Hulk of Clidbrd's Inn* 
( Otmpl^'tr Collrctitm, p. 1 ). According to 
Ludlow Harrison waa one of the young 
men from the Inns of Court who enlltted in 
Essex's lifeguard in lt>42(jVem«>)t,ed. 1751^ 
p. 17). In HU4 be was 8i'r\ing in the Eorl 
of Manchester's army as major in Fleetwood's 
regiment of horse; took part in the battle of 
Marston Moor; and was sent ailer the battle 
to rt!port to the committee of both kingdoms, 
and, according to Raitlie, ' to trumpet all over 
the city' the praises of Cromwell and the in- 
dependnnts {Lfttrrt,^. Idling, ii.:i09; Man- 
ehr»tfr'» Quarrtl vitA Cntmtrftl^^.'i'l'). With 
IHeetwood Harrison entered the new model f 



Harnson 



4« 



Harrison 



_ ^ifeirnt at 'S»M:fiy And LftngtK- 
I 0ifi(tir*-« of Wrnch<«trT and I 
hi. f t»xfnfd (SrttirHii:, Aii^lut 

^ fc- -^i, pp. :«, MO, 151, :.'(«;. j 

•on l» the doorkutfpn- of BI*ck- 

Innri iMuihuaM, und ih*! marquis** mi^, ' 

with nn own baadi, a* tl)i>^ w«re setting 

ovt'f lhf> wiyrk** ( Mrmtntu C'irieiu,ft-lOOct. ^ 

^ 1<V4.' ; Hrur'KiK^ p, ir^l ). A siorj mSUmnrda | 

* drruUt«Kl nmonft tlio roraliaU tost Harriaon i 

1 ha'i 'hfit IM>inwn wito a pUtol when he 

' Jind laid <lfywn bU anna, M;nDg» * Cursed in 

he that d'wth the wurk uf the Lr)rd ne^li' \ 

^onl 1 y ' ( W ftiuiiT, UUtoria Iliatrionifn ; Cl ii- 

■ KK, AftoltM/y, tyil. l>twt>, i. xxlx). KicliarU 

B»xt<?r, with whom llarrifm bt^camc ac- ' 

qijuinlvd (luring hinfu-nice in tht>ni!WmrMl«;I, 

Wfit«'» of him : ' II" wouM not dinjmte with 

niit at all, but lu! woiitil III fj;o(>d diifCOUTK 

ix'ry fhiiMifly iMJiir out bimiHill' in the extall- 

iuK "f Vrvv Unco, which wmi very Bu*'oury 

io (how that liiid riKbl iirlnciphH, thoiitfh liu 

]iii<l Rnriio iniHiindi'rxtnn'Ittt^ of l''rt>u Uruct; 

I )iimi'<<ir. tl*< wnn II iiinii ofi^xccllrnl natural | 

I parLfl fur aH'ttclioii mid onitnry, hut nul. wt>ll | 

I #ii>n ill lliK priiiriiilt's of hi« ri'li^ion; of a 

Mtigitino I'oniidi'Xioii, nnttintlly of such n 

vivarily, hilnnty, and nUcriry, at iinolher 

Hum halh wht>ii lu- hnlh druiiktMi a cup too , 

niuch; hut tin) urally also su far from humble 

thou^htll of liimwtf (hut it was his niiD.* 

]|ii]it«>r WAN Mtaiulin^ hy Hnrrison nt l.nnf;- 

jMirt when Ihii n)yiilij«ts lH>f:un to run, and 

lionrd him 'witli a loud voici' hn>ak forth 

into thi> jinu«'« of (lod with fluunt cipn'H- 

liionM. a* if lu" had hw»n in » rniMuro' i./£*^ 

AyMfV Htirtpnunrr, Itt'.HI, pp, ,Vt, fiD. 

In HVItl lUrhnoit (•nti'nnl {>nrliAniitnt as 
int'iiiliitr for \\'i«mlovt'r (A'tiwirj* ^^ Knight*, 
iUtitntf, and /)«iycA.«M, i\v., ItU>(, 4tol. Hi* 
military ri>|tutiilion wait tht>n no high that 
l.ortl LtPih*, whon itpnoiut<Hl lord-Uoutfnant 
cif Irvhiiid. ndhiil fur llnrnitoii tn mtvo under 
him t^'JA Jnii, ltl-17). lit* n'turiKHl to Eu^ 
land III Mav, and was thankinl hy the com- 
iiiuna fitr fiifi svniit't ^fViMMoN/ JaumnU^ 
V. (U, \iMS^. In thiMiuiirri'l IhUwiyii thoarmy 
and tht> |mrtiamt'nt ilnrriiiiui »idrd with the 
former. «i)fniH! thoh-iirrof iheolBwrsto (bo 
rily iif to Junr ltU7. and was oiw of those 
ii|»|Ktiniist l>\ I'ttirfax to (r^-At with \\w par- 
Uaweniary c«uuuii!uitimoni ( KimnwiiKTM, vi. 
Aft&, <Mt), I'airfax tf«\«^ htm tho >Mminand 
I 4tf lb* rMTtmeikl of l^(Wi« whioh hid Uvn 
t C\^on«(| iMMnffiald'a. Xn Xowmbcr Harrison 
dtvUnrtl hia mcMvum pnlitieal Ti«w« br op- 

foaittfr further mv^^lUtious with thv \xnf, 
a a mm : - n ^m 1 1 Nor. ItUf, W 

aMk^km>.> ( ht> IrfisUU^'^ pow«« of 

tM M^mhh> of Loc^b^ aiU il —o m w ini (Swrina 




■Tis^lf aa a * naa of blor^* who sboald bii 

Ued to ao accouot ( Clarkr Papen). 

I>uring the second ciril war HaTrisODserrvd 
in tbi* northern army under lAm.beit, and 
diatragiliabed himsnlf by his daxing on 1 8 Julv 
1640| wheo Langdale i4nrprieed Lamberts 
qaarrcn at Applaby. With a few troopen 
he ched[«d tile enemy's advance, * and being 
moro funronl and bold than hiti men did 
seoood him ; having bold himself of one of 
the enemy's borao colours he reeeired thre« 
wounds' (KrsHwoRTH,Tii. 1^1), Amonth 
later his reffimuiit played a prominent part 
in the buttle of Preston, but it ia donbt^ 
whether Harrison himself wa^ present. Is 
NovcmluT IiL» was actirely negoUatlng with 
Lilhurnea n>conciliation between the army 
Uodcm and the levollere, and took part ui 
drawing up the agreement of the people (LlL> 
BUKXE^ Thr Jjtyalt Ftmdammtaf LAertief of 
^AfP«v)/fo/iii?^/ffMd(M«er?*(/,ir>40,pp.il5-8l. 

Harrison was very xealoas in bringing Iks - 
king )o trial. Under special instnictions firom^ 
Cromwi-ll and Iivlon, he escorted the 
from Ilun-l Caatle to London. CharIee|Wl 
had been told that Harrison bad ofiered to ■s*' 
sasjiinato him, wim attracted by his soldierly 
bearing, and told Herburt *that having soma 
judgment in faces, if ho had otiser^-fd him «Q ^ 
well before, he should not have that ill opinion ^ 
ofhim'(IlEKBEBT, ,Vw«oi'r*,ed. ITIW.p. 140). 
1 larrisou iLisured the king that the report wsi 
not 1 nte ; what he had really said was * that 
the law was equally oblifiing to great and 
pmall.Bnd that justice had no respect of per-, 

1 le was present at n«\rly ever;' meeting of the 
high court of iustiw, and signed tht* death- 
warrant. To tlie last he always ju»li£ed I 
action, and wa.o cnnvinct^il that it met wi' 
divine approbation (TriaU of tA^ 
p. 50). 

llarri-ton did not accompany Cromwell ti 
Ireland, though in the nrayer-meet ing wluch 
took place previous to Cromwell's departore, 
he 'expounded some places of scripture ex- 
cellently well and perlini>nt to the occasion 
(WuiTKLOCKS, MmutriaU^ ^\. 1853, iii. 
ile was nominated to the council of stati 
-when tliat b«>dy wa« constituted in January 
lt>4l>, hut wa$ not actuallv elected to it till 
10 Keb. ItUl I Ommow' ^o«rM/». vi. 532). 
In June 1660 Harrison waa one of tbo«« en- 
trusted by the coiueil of state to paraoade 
Fairfax to accept the command of tbe expedi- 
tion to i>cotIand ^WHiTKLocKBfiii.907> i 
UUar which he addressed to Cromweu, a| 
bit iiBdvrtaking that pos'^ sbows ehm ' 
uacv wiib tbe future Protector ( Elus, 
^mmi letter*, IV iii. S&SV During 
weli'a absanica Uanixw wta appointed to lbs 



i 
1 




larrison 



chief military cominiLnd in Kngtantl (Com' 
MOfU* Journals, '2\ June lOuO). On liH Oct. 
16G0 he reviewed the nt*wlr rniMKl milttja 
forces in Hyde l*ark {Merruritts Pttiift'cu^). 
In the following Mnrcb rumours of plot» in 
the north led the council of state to send him 
to the border. He had under him wmeiti/jOO 
newly miwd horso of doubtful quality i l^AJt- 
LTLE, CrvrntceU, Appendii, 20'; Cal. State 
iV^rt,l)om.lti51.T>p.92,102, 149). When 
Charles II marcheu into England Harri^oa 
reccired order* fnini Cromwell 'to attend the 
moUoos of thft enemy, and endeavour the 
keeping of them togellier, tut altKi to imp^^lo 
hia«dTAnc«'{('ABT,ii.2D4). On 1.) Au^.ltsni 
}Iftrrt$on joined l^mhert and the cavalry de- 
lAched from ( 'romwL>irft army At Pn'«ton, and 
mAdfl &n luuucccasful attempt to stop the 
roralifttt on lit Aug. at Knutsford. Af^er 
tau battle of AVorceflter, in which he took 
part. Harrison was charged with the pursuit 
4jf tlie dying' niyali^l!*. and followed up the 
victory so en^Tfjeiicallv and skilfully that 
very few escaped (IlarriiiouV Irtter!' rehitinp 
to thia campaign are printed in State lifter* 
addrefaed to Oliver Cromwrll, 1743, p. "1; 
Old I'nrliamentfirif Hilton/, \o\b. x'lx., xi. ; 
Cahy, Memorials o/ the CirU War, ii. 295, 
300,373). Like Cp>m\vcll, Harrison utilised 
lh.« Yictori- to recommend the mrliament to 
improve 'this mercy ineatttblishinpthe ways 
of hghteousnesa and justice, yet more re- 
lieving the oppressed, and opening a wider 
d(»or to thepublialiing the everlasting gospel' 
lCART,iL37r»). Ilixown Z4*al for justice had 
been shown in IG^jO by procuring the ejtjiul- 
»n of Edwonl Howard, lord Howard of Ea- 
ick [q. T.jfrom parliament for taking bribea 
TLrtoLow, ed. 1751. p. 129). He took pnn 
in Pecember IftTil in the conference concern- 
ing the settlement of the kingdom armnged 
by (.>omwell, and waa one of the prvmiot*ra 
oftheamiy petition of 12 Aug. I(Jo2(\Vhite- 
Lorci:, iii. -'(72). Contemporary evidence re- 
prNtenta Harrison as pressing urgently for 
the dlMuslution of the T.x>ng parliament. 
Cromwell complained that lie was too eager. 
' Harrison,' be said, * is an honest man, and 
asms at ^ood things, yet from the impatience 
■^biit .spirit will not wait the Lord's leisure, 
hurries me on to that which ho and nil 
iFst men will have cause to n>pent ' (Li'D- 
XAW, MtMoira, ed. 1751, p. 171 }. Harrison 
liimHlfsoine yean later explained to Ludlow 
that be had aa5ifite<l in the expulsion of the 
parliament, ' hGciLu.>(e he wan fully p^-rituadi-rl 
that they bad not a heart to do any more 
sood for the Lord and bis people* {ih. p. 2iri). 
Uewu in his place in the bouse on 2U April 
1663, and i^ke against the passing of the act 
forcallinganewrepresentative assembly. He I 



bee 






! stAte.*) that he was not previously acquainted 
with Cromwell's determination to resort to 
force, but he did not hei«itute at Cromwell's 
bidding to lay hands on the apenker, though 
be later denied using force to fetch him from 
the chair (Several J'rweedfnffa in Parlia' 
me'?it, 14-21, April 1 6-53 ; ( Ulectiim of Livea, 
Speeche*, &c. p. 9; Lt'Di-ow, p. 173 J. 

Authority was now vested for a time In 
the hands of a small council of thirteen pei^ 
ttona nominated hr the officers, and Hamson 
I was preeident of jt during the third week of 
its existence. Some wished the supreme 
power to continue In the hands of a council, 
but, Harrison urged that it should l>e in- 
trusted to nn assembly, to consist, like the 
Jewish 'sanhedrim,' nf some *tf?ventv selected 
nersons (Ludlow, p. 17«). This policy was in 
lact adopted in the summoning of the Bare- 
bones parliament, of which Harrison was 
n co-opted member. Over the majority of 
that body he esercif^ed great influence, and 
with it!< extinction his own political career 
ende«1. Roger Williams de^ribe» him ns 
head of the party of tifty-six who were for 
the abolition of priests and tithes, and * the 
second in the nation of late,' adding, * he is 
a very gallant, most deserving, heavenly man, 
but most high-Hown for (be kingdom of the 
Saints, and the Fifth Monarchy now riiiten, 
and their sun never to set ogain,' &c 
(KNowLEs.il/flo/ ft'iUianui, 1834, p. 261). 

Harriixin had bcMt one of the council of state 
elected on 3 Nov. 1 IWV), but was left out of that 
appointed under the instrumimt of govern- 
ment in Deoember IG.'iS. Refusing to own the 
new government be w as na t urally deprived of 
his commission, 22 Dec. 1663 (Thubi.oe, L 
(J41). 1 le says himself : 'When I found those 
that were aa the npplo of mine eye to turn 
atiide,Idid loathe them and HuS'ered imprison- 
ment manv years. Kuther than to ttuntus many 
did that did put their haudii to this plough, 
I chofle rather to be separated from wife and 
family than to have compliance with them, 
though it was said, *'^it at mr right hand" 
and such kind of expressions ( TriaU of the 
lietjicidea, p. 50). On 3 Feb. ie&4 be was 
ordered to retire to his father's bouse in 
StBrt'ordsbire, and not to leave till further 
order (tV*/. Suitr Papent, Doni. 1653-4, p. 
387). In September 1054 the anabaptists 
projected presenting a petition to porliament, 
and Harrison, who wus susjx^ted of directing 
thi'ir Kiovementf, wos for a few days in cus- 
tody. Cromwell then sent for him, enter- 
tained bim richly, expostulated with him, 
and finally dismissed him with a simple ad- 
monition 'not to persevere in those evU ways 
whose end U destruction ' (TuritLoE, ii. OOtl; 
Cal. Oarmdon Papers, ii.^i^). Itwasof^cn 



Hamson 



44 



Harrison 



Rportad tliBt Iliiiiw had 
* ■ tti a uinj t «ilk tJbB nTmHfltt 
(Turaum, t 7«r m- M5^ Ttrnk vm- 
iiuli attonff tke ■■■fcfrirti n wiii J aaew 

. «f ife cDvoiMia, nd <■ 

FUk. MM OwiflM «M SMtai aaa 

to f^iiah h CtaAfe (A in. 

■H Afi&wb IS-SS F«k I6S6 ; 

^^-^ — iH^JgtaiU iiiili m to fc» iiy i w uM - 
w zvootOBo t^ ■is Sdjuv-wflBRir 
I JqAb Bofcn (RosBM, Z^fr «W C^i ' i m i m y 

I la Manfc 16Se Uamiaa vm wJwrf nd 
^allovBd to Un it Higlieote wHIi \m ^amUtj 
i7%t fWfir ImiriHfrmrtr, 31 Mutfc mad 
7 Aiml l<tS«; Ronan, p. ?77>. la AivU 
. J^biVetm^t itmtfittiy vw d a eor m n i , bot 
I tto^^^tWeyidalceqf^wcoaiy^^■^OI»t^^e^»- 
t obItb* proreii tbat Huximb bod rrfiiiPil to 
toke port ia it, fe VM «gun fcr o cise UHder 
aatat Ctmvmxam, tL IfU. 185). However, 
|w F tfci o oi i 106B a more d*ogcffoaft plot 
lotoli^t, in which UajTuoD wuaud to 
I be dee^ unpltcoied, and be ww fin §etit 
I fte tbelW«r (Bmoy, Diary, Hi. 448, 494 ; 
Mercuriu* PfMticu*^ 4-U Febt 1657-8). Ib 
tbeaommerof ]650ti>ei«wenrii]noazsof mn 
■ntMided anabaptist ioMneetioD to be beaded 
br llarruoa. bat be oeema to baTe taken no 
part wtiatever in the political moTOBCBta of 
tbai troublouH vear ( Cbrm^on State Bmpen, 
iiLtf9r4BI). XiiiinactiTitfwaadoabUeeadue 
bfgtty to the iDJurr his health had ftutainrd 
bf voands and nnprisounenta. At his exe- 
, Cdioa bis bands and kneee woe seen to 
InnUe. ' It is by reaaon of mocb blood I 
Iwro lost in the wars,' said HanisoUf * and 
mUBif wounds I have n^ceived tn my bodr, 
[ 'Vbidi caused thin shaking and wea£nees in 
BV nenres. I bare had it this twdre vean * 
(VaUtetion^LitieMand SpeecAea^ Sic, p. IS). 
Milientbe Restoration approached^ Harrison 
nffuAed fitber to gire a Terfoal pledge not to 
disturb the (fovemment, or to «av« his U(W 
by Riffht.' * If I had b«#*n minded to run 
away, Mid he, *1 might h«Te had manr op- 
ponuniri*riL But beia^rsu clear in the thing, 
I durst not turn my back nor &1ep a four 
out of lbs way by reason I had been engaged 
ia tbe seiTioe of so ^bmoiu and peat a God ' 
iib. p. 10). Accordmgly, early in Slay 16U0 
be wa» arrested at his own boui>e in Stuflunl- 
shire by Colonel John Bowyer, and com- 
initttvl lo llie Towi?r(LiDLOw, ed. 1761, p. 
^5; O/tnmon/ JaumnlM, vUi. 2'J, 39). lit' 
was one of the seven wpmihs originaJly cx- 
Gopted from the Act of Indemnity (June ^i), 
Aiid was bixmghl to trial on 11 Oct. 1G6U. 
In hti dafintoe llarriiton justified the kind's 
execution, and pleaded that he had acted in 



tbe a^M ^tbe psiliaaral of Fwlawd and 
hr d«r utboei^. 'Maybe I m^bt be a 
little aiiirtki a, bat I aa it all acemtf ag to 
tbe best of mj laibiilMiiliii^; deairinc to 
■abe Or w wahsl viQ of Ood in bis holy 
s ui^ i uu a a a f^|^ ^ o^' (TVisIr of the 
Fi If if I a, ^ «0). He wu c nnd s m a e d to 
destb, sail was executed at Charing Gkwa 
oa 13 Oct. lan. Ob tbe «aftiU itaaK aa 
ibiiiiigbaalbiiliial.TIaniaia artflatedtncb 
niianai'—d ma^mamm^ *Wben is jovr 
gaodaUoMMMSTfaida ■ooOvintbe 
ervwd. Ilnina, vilb a saule, cU^ped In* 
band oa bb Wnat and said, * Hoe it is, 
■ad I am goiag to seal ii whb ibt blood 
{litem, Apnobes, Jtc, p. Ifi). Pem, wbo 
irilBiiMriil Uft daub, dweDsoa tbe dwerfiil- 
! aoM wkb wbidb he s al i atJ , wbile Nicholas 
, oaanbiaa of tbe bardaeaaaf bis heart (Z>ia/3r, 
IS Oct.; CkL aaie P^^tr*, Dam. 1600-1, 
DL 31:;>. >ianag tbe > iftb-^mmarchy men 
HairiMai was legarded as a martyr ; and a 
reaort spi i sil that he was eoon to riee again, 
jadge bu jndgee, and restore the kingdom of 
thesainta. ToUusprapbecyCoirleTnEffersin 
tbe ' Cimer of Cotesaan street.' iiL 12 (see 
alaoPBTTNlSOcLiaeO; Cat State Ptmpen, 
Dom. 1660-1. p. 660). 

[Lires of Barrisoo w eootaiasd ia A Coi^ 
tJete GoOectioa of tbe Line, Speeebes, and 
Pmyivs of tboae Panooa lately Exerated. by a 
PSnOBofQaality. 1661; Woods Futi. t&49, sd. 
B]ia«,pi.ii. p.130; yobU'sIiresof tbeRegieidss, 
179S, i. 300-36; Go>]vin'« C<^niminim<ikltb «f 
Ei^laad. ir. s;0; Tri^ of Charlw I sod arasoT 
tbe Begiadss, with liiagmphies of Brsddiaw, 
Irctoa, Hairisoo, nod oUicn. 181S. Morray's 
Family Library. roL ixxi. ; Mr. ladcnricVB ^Ud• fl 
Logfats 00 the '.Sttun^ p|*. 3S4-90. I\>rtraiu c/t^^ 
BurisoD &re to be found id Mr. Tnderwtek's book, 
p. 244. aD<I in the 1717 ediiioD of CUnadoo's 
RebsUioo. Other aiithahties as mbors-l 

HARRISON, THOM^VS (1693-1745)^1 
baptist minifiier and ycM;U bom in Il?93, wa"" 
the son of Thomas tlanieon, the miniate 
of a baptist coogr^ation meeting at L^rinersl 
llall, Lon<lun. He was first oiled to th 
ministn' by the congregation of baptists t 
which \ke belonged, meetinf; in Jniners* HikU.*L 
I From 1715 to 17:K> he was Ihf pastor of thai 
particular bapt i*t church in LittleWild Street.^ 
In 172t* be confnrmfd to the church of Enc 
land ; through the iufluence of relsXires ot 
tained orders, and was inducted into tba^l 
vicunigL' of KadcUffe-on-the-Wreke, l^ioea- 1 
lenthire. He preached and imbliched a me~ 
mon in justification nf his change of views, 
which was answered by the famous 'Orator* 
. Uenlev [st* H Ry LEY, JoHSj in a tract entitled 
{ *A fluid's Guide for the Rev. Thomas liar- 



Harrison 



45 



Harrison 



son/ kc. Harrison dii?ii tiO March 17K», and 
aa buriod in St. Pete-r'n churchyard at St. 
Ibaiu. Ite was the author of ' Poems on 
ivine Subjet'ld, in two Part*/ 12mo, pp. S4, 
ondoQ. ITU). ?H!\vnil of thf hymni< in this 
rolume becaint' itopuliir, and %vHrr r»?printt'd 
tpeatedly iu collectiun.i. He also publishfd 
' IVlU'Tihazzar; or the Heroic Jew,' I2mo, 
Sereral of his sermons were printed 
epamtely darinf^ his lifctiiue. 
[J, Irimej-'B Hist, of tiie fiaptinO, lii. 5B8 ; 
ttker's Biog. Draniat. p. 312 ; WiWoii'a Di?- 
enting Charcbe«, ii. 008; Notes and Qiu'rie?. 
8nd 9«r. riii. 9(1, 139; Xichola's Leicestershiro, 
1 iiL pt. 1. p. 38'i 3 R. B. 

HARRISON, THOMAS (1744-1829), 
' arc}iit«<:t, bom in I744ut Richmond in York- 
shire, w&s of humblo origin, but early dis* 
dD^iAhed himself by hi» knuwledfrf^ of arith- 
metic, drawing, and mechanic.^. lie had the 
Cid fortune to attract the attention of Sir 
wrence Dundas, by whose liberality he was 
at in 1769, with Georpe Ciiit the eUnr 
Iq. v.], the landscai«-pamter, to study in 
Italy, and waa for several years a student in 
' Rome. In 1770- he made a deaipn for Popo 
Clement XIV for the decoration of the cor- 
tile of the Kelvt.'dere. Ho al(*o prepared other 
dengns for Ihtt pnilM^lliMhment 01 the piazza 
near the Porta del Popolo, for which the pope 
bprvscnted hlui with a gold and a silver medal, 
Iwad ordered his name to be added to the 
IvuBnbers of the academy of St. Luke, with a 
; in the council of that body. He returned 
to London in 177<5. and in 1777 exhibited hia 
modal drawinp*. Shortly HflerAvard.-* he was 
|;CaramiaBioned to build a brid>,'e over the Ltinc 
kit lABCUter : tbo fir^t stone was laid by 
I m in 1783, and the work completed 
lin 17^^. It has fire elliptical arches of sixty- 
Ibine feet span, and U paid to be the Urfit 
bridge with a level surface erected in Eng- 
[land. He also rebuilt Lancaster Castle in 
Ithi* liolhic style, and designed other impor- 
Itant buildings in that town. Hinplanttin 
lie Grecian Doric style for rebuilding the 
dtle at Chester were selected in competi- 
ItiOR ; tbey include a prison, coiuity assize 
Eeourts, armoury, exchequer, and gateway. 
|Tbe*e buildings wer»» erected between 1703 
Imud IB'JO, and an? wholly of stone, no iron 
loir timber being used iu any part of th» walls, 
|C«ilingN floors, or staircases. Thi^ was the 
Ifirst prison built on the panoptical arrange 
[tnenr in this country. In 1827 he erected 
[the celebrated Uroevenor Bndg« over the 
IHm At ObBBter, Irom designs he had prepared 
-•one yrara before. This consi^t^i ofa i-ingle 
arch of two hundred feet span, a then un- 
equalled dimension, and is of such singu- 
larly beautiful proportions as to convey little 



idea of site to a casual ohfter^er. This anJ 
the cattle which stands near aro Harrison's 
best -known works. He erected Ihu obelisk on 
Moel \'amm4u, Henblgh shire, to commorao- 
mte the jubilee of fieorge III, the column to 
Lord Hill near Shrow.-bury, and that toLonl 
Angleseaut Plas Newydd. In Lirerjiool he 
vraa the architect of the Athenteum, the Ly- 
ceum, the theatre, the St. Nicholas's Tower, 
and other well-knonii building^: in Manches- 
ter of the Portico, the Exchange Uuildinga 
( lSOO),undthoTheatreRoyal(burDtiu 1S4!1). 
He was also employed in erecting manvpublic 
buildings and mansions for the nobifity and 
Sentry, not only in Lancashire and Cheshire, 
but in various parts of England and .Scotland. 
He built Hroomball, Fi('e.^uire, fur Ixjrd IClgin 
( 179t.}). Harrison suggested to that noble- 
man, on his appointment to the embassy at 
Constoutinople. that he should obtain caste 
and drawings of the works of art at Athens 
and other places in Greece*. This reauUed 
in thai uiagnificonl collection, the Elgin mar- 
bles, which wore purchased by the nritish 
Museum in 1816. Harrison died at Chester, 
lit* March I829,aged H,'i, and wns buried in tho 
churchyard of St. Brido. .\ bu8t of Harrison 
wa.s presented by hi.<> nephew John 10 the Insti- 
tute of British .-Vrchitects in 183H,aud theru 
is an engraved portrait of him by A. R. Burt, 
dated Cheater, I May 1824; in the background 
Chester Castle is shown. He exhibited fivo 
works at the Royal Academy between 1773 
and 1814. 

MoHt of his designs were in the revived 
classic style that suited the tosie of his time, 
and such specimens as the Manchester Ex- 
change, the Lyceum in Liverpool, and Wood 
Bank Hall, StOL'kport, serve to show his suc- 
cessful adaptation of this styleto buildiDesin- 
tended for various purposes. They also liavo 
the merit of thoroughly convenient interior 
arrangement and excellent oonatruction. 

[Architectuml.Hociety'aDict. ; Redgrave's Diot. 
of Artists of the English School ; prirate infor- 
mation.] A. X. 

HARRISON, THOALAS ELLIOTT 
(1808-1888), civil engineer, liom in Sunder- 
land on 4 April IfiOfi, was son of "William 
Harrison, who was engaged there in the ship- 
ping buaineas. ^Vfter a short education at 
Kepier grammar school, he was apprenticed 
to Messrs. Clwpman, onginocre and surveyors, 
in Newcastle, and soon showed remarkable 
I efficiency. Hebec&meacquointedwithGeorge ', 
Stepb enson and his son, and assisted t he latter 
in some important engineering operations. 
Harrison surveyed part of the line for the I.<<m- 
don and Birmingham railway, and that of t he 
StauhopeandTyne railway. The latter under- 
taking included the WtiU-kao^-n Victoria 



Harrison 

Bridge, with ft heifrhl of 157 fnet mnd arvluv 
of 340 Uft ap&n, ihi* whole of which was 
huill on Uammm*» pUiu, naA&t hii tmine- 
limu iiii|H'>rint«nd«ttea. Cftlwr eitgaf«ii«nu 
which b« m ec nm t vMf Cfciriad <mt w rmilwaj 
•ngnxorwar* th« huitat of ths N«wcaitle 
am) Otrlwlt* niilwaT,thc York and lJoncaal«r, 
tlii' Hull and S«*liiy, thi* Twccdmouth and 
KvIiM.nnil viihdUM ntln-r lino*. He was also, 
otmjnmiiy vfiiU Uohi-rt Stephenson, rngioeer 
f()r tliv ronAtnirti'in uf tK*Tvrtil imporiant 
worlfn, tlii.1 muMt fumoim IxMrt^ the hi^h Ivv^'l 
bri<l){n U'twtun Ni'wcn*«tl»' and Uiitt>nhoaJ. 
Wlii-n iWirrt Ht<'plifni>'ifi rotin-d from work 
NM niilwnv cnginrtT, HorriAnn becAine en- 
ifinrrtr-in-chicf uf Uii- York, Npwciwtl**, and 
IW'rwipk lint', and tho suco's* ultimatuly 
AiBchml wu« largely duo to hin energ}' and 
pt}Wvnu( <tTgati\Mtvm. In 1858 he designed 
Hill] c*rrii'd iiur tin* .Inrrowdurkn, with »L>rc- 
r»I n>iii»rliitl>lt<it])]>]inii('«ii)rh)'dniiilic p<Jwer, 
hikI iifl orwiinlH il<wi)f nod 1 hn Hurl 1i<{k>oI dtickii. 
On l.'l Jun. 1871 bn d*divi!rM the inaugural 
adflri'M HI |irii«iidiint nfthc In8lir.ut« of Civil 
l'Jt^)n(>iini. llitrrison diivl at N«*n-ca«tle on 
'JO March IHW. 

ITl niM luid NnvnufUo lhu\y Clirun iclu, 2 1 March 
18. 1 K. ti. A. 

HAURTflON, WILMAM ^1534-1593), 
l«|iit|frn|ilu'r, clirKiiologrr, and limlnrian, wos 
hftrii in Cordwiiinrr Htnwl (or How Ijane), 
l^tinditn, on IH April \M\, * lioru II. mi- 
iiul. J, Mirunda M. Ho w»m odiimtod first 
■t Si. rnurx S^^IumiI nnd thHti (hi* oayH) at 
*W\«(inMiMiir Schmd, in wliirli I wfls somts 
tiinti nn vnpmlitahio ifrnmninrian nn(U>r tho 
ivnonmil ratlirr.ma^tiM'l Aluxandrr] Nowcll' 
[q.r.J, * nnw d- niu' o(" I'nutivi; ' llit-n at Ctim- 
liridp* in inrd, nnd iilX^TWnnU at Christ ' 
(.'linivli, (Ixt'ttnl, wlit'n> lif f^mdoHt^l R.\, I 
IftiVt nnd MA. I-VIO, lj»T»'r llarriiit^n was 
I'liiipUtn to Sir Wdliam Mr>.>iiko, lonl Cob- , 
Iwiin, who (r*vi» him tht» n»ctory of Itnd- ; 
wiiitnr in Kjwx, In which hi< wiui ituliicttHl ^ 
lUi lit Kob. lAtVt M. and uhivh \w huld till i 
hi* diHith. ihi 1*S Jan. hVO-l houblnined i 
alMilho vicnratf" uf Winitufdi in Kmax fr\'>m 
I-'niucia dv la \Vi>4x1, but roMi^ntxl it in tlu> 
autumn of I'lHl. Ily KiTl hi> had tnor- 
rit>l Maritm Uidirandt\ ' tUu^hlor to Willmm 
Ifti'bmndi' and Ann hiti wifo. tMimt'tymic of 
Andtmto. iiiM^n' vuto Ouiaufiii in Ptcarditt.* 
t>u V;l A^nl ir»stt Harrison wu appomt»d ( 
cNiuonof WiiiiUnvr.and 4n!it«lladUM><U^ftft«r. i 
At ^Vtnth^^r hi' diinl in IfiBflLMid hw vill 
datMi at Uadwinlcr. ^7 JuW ISOl— was 
nn.tin'*! by his hui Kdniund on £2 Not. IfiUS^ 
lU htft iil«-> Au MumarnM vUnirhtvr. Auw. 
Mt>l on*'!' !«^r morriM to Rohvct 

IWkrr. '■ • > hb wilk 

^Mw Klu*W(h'»t>n»t«r,Kaf«MliiW(4fe 



Harrison 

' [a. T.], pUttned 'an Tiuwraan CoMMcnnbir 

o( tba whol« world whh partietilarlui- 

tones of eoeiT known^ natioo.* and »-'-'--ir-' 
HorrtMrn's help in it. Aft>>r twenty :. 
yean* work at the schem* W'oUe di«d abou: 
157(1; hia suctsesaon narrowed his plan tb 
descriptions and histories of EngUnd, SooC- 
Und, and Ireland, and for this work narrison 
wrote his 'OescripCton of England 'and tunnd 
into English BeUendea'a Soottiah tzMwUcwB 



io>16-7), and his English version of Belleti- 
f\vn appeared in Holinnhed'i* * Chronicl«,'^ 
vol. ii. The latt«r took him * thrpe or fou 
duics.* Two unprinted work* bv Har 
apparently compiled as port of AVol&^ 
scheme, are in the diocesan Hbrarr at 
in Ireland : three big folios, vols. u. iil. it 
of Ids 'great Chronologie,' 'which he " 
gathered and compiled witti most exqu 
diligence* (C'Aro«. iii. A 4, ed. 1587), 
the Crest ion to February 1 502-3, t wo montlu 
before hia death; and his much-correct«<l 
maiin»rript on weights and measureSf He- 
brew, Grei'k, English, &c., dau-d ISd7. Tit 
pasted hiH correct ioux Over his mistakes; the 
PHAt« has periAhinl, imd the correction-aUps 
arc now all loose tn the mauu.script. 

Harrison unluckily began his ' l^escriptioii 
of England *bj turning into words 'maistiti 
Thomas Sackfords canlpa ' or ' Charts of th 
Heuerall prouinces of this n>a1me,* descrili 
ing the connies of river?, &c. ; but once cle 
of these in book i., he gave in book ii. a'' 
verv Tcduable account of the institutions 
nnd inhabitants of England, their to 
dft^sR, hnuse^, &c. In book iii. he de«cri1] 
tht! prrxlucts of the laud, its inus and fa 
His mcy accounts of our forefathers' i" 
— 'except it were u dog in a doublet, yofl 
shall not see onie ^ disguised as ore mj 
countriu men uf England;' of their fi> 
their houses in chap, xii., the 'amend: 
of lodging, since they liad a good round I 
vnder their heads instead of a bolster 
pillow : ' his description of the arliticer 
huabaouiauii — * so merie without malic 
plunewilfcont inward . ..crm^.that iti 
aoo a man good to be in componie 
lb«B *— bave aade Tlarrisoo one of the mc 
oftMi qaol«d and trusted authorities oo I 
coodilMo of KigiiBil in EUiabeth's r 
Sliake^ieaiv^s dars. Ui> ■Ok^noLi'^^e' 
hi* own tiuie, in rot it. of hia : 
* Chnwolociv.' ut aL(i of Taloe. 
an^ giwa from it ut Dr. FaniiT«U's 
of Uarri$oA*5 *Pe s c ri pcion d 
xhu4x\ ISTT. 



Harrison 



Harrison 



(Gcxipcrr'i Athene Citnlnhr. ; HnrriKon's Dd- 
■enpcion of Eualiiod, bits. ii. and iii., New 
BfaKspere 8oc., 1877, &e., uod authoritir* there 
eiuA] F. J. K. 

HARRISON, AVIU JAM, D.a (ir»r»3- 
1621 i, tliini nui] liutt. arcbprinst of Eii^lnnd, 
born in iJrrliv^hiro in 1553, becorne a »\ iidenl 
in the English I'oUeg-e at l)ouny in 1575, and 
a/icnvarda prooL'edfd to llie Knglieli (..'ollfg"i' ' 
at Ri^juie, where on L'3 April 157H, beinc tJicn 
& priftn, he took the miMion oath- U« re- 
lurned to England in I5S1 nnd Ulioured iw 
ft mi&"innpr till 15H7, when he went toPttris, 
itp]itied himwlf iherw totlie study of thi.'civtl 
and c»non lawfl, and beciimt> a licontiBtt! in 
thrt*e faculties. From 1590 to 1593 he was 
in rbar);t} of a amnll English school founded 
bv Fat her Robert Fureoim ut Eu in Normandy, 
llameon, wh-i hml Iwen made procurator of 
tbt^ English CoUoffo at Rbeim?, resumed Iuh 
studies there, continued them at l>ouflyaft»'r 
the return of the collep« to tluit city, was 
created !>.!). bv the university of Douay in 
1507. and lilltxl the chair of iheolojfy in the 
collegw till 1(W3. He then spent five years 
in Kume, and uf^er n visit to Douay, extend- 
ing from 29 Oct. Iti08 to IVI June 1600, hu 
came to Enijland, where the clergy, wiys 
iDoJd, • knowing him to he a person of sin- 
jiilar prudence, learning, ond experience, did 
anthiug without hii> advice and approbation.' 
On the death of the urehpriest, Qeorire 
f'Sirkhead _^q. v.] or Birket, Harrison was ap- 
IpoLuled lo succeed hini Iiy a conprejrnt ion of 
ThellolyOtlicehwIdon'jaFeb. IrtU 15. His 
brief WM dated 11 July Hi 15. On tho 23rd 
i»f that month, in a oongn-gation of tho Iloly 
Office held in the (^uirinul Palace, Paul V 
^Urninteil the u.sual faculties to the archpriest ; 
|«nd in addition to them was the following: 
|*Quo(l R.P.D. Nimtius Apostolicus pro tem- 
[•pore in GalUa, Pari.Mia degens.sit onlinarius 
Anglonim et Scotorum, cum omni potn^tatn 
qujun habent ordinarii in eorum dioeesibus ;' 
topHher with the power of ordinaries over 
Llhi'ir diooe«ee, * cum facullat^s ditpengandt ad 
Isacma ordinee, ob defectum natalium, cum 
[omnihu> dictomm rt;gnorum.' Tho brief and 
Ithf ' Kocu!l«tf8 pro archipreshytero Anglioe, 
I^Scotue. Hib-jrniiri, MoufP, &c., are printed in 
TifHioy's edition of Dodd {Church Ilui. vol. 
V. App, No. xivii.) 

Tlarrison TeaoWed to restore to the clergy 
that iiidfipondence which they had never eu- 
^Tod, eitiicr at Doiiny or on tht? miKHJon, 
I Canlinal Allen's death. With this oh- 
Bssifftfl Dr. Kpllinon, the new pre- 
, of Dntiny College, in obtaining the re- 
1 of the ie^uit confessor impo.«*rd on the 
[coUcgi] and the recall of the students from 
Ithc public dCbooU of the je«uita in Bouay, 



Tie nextpetitioncd the Holy See,and appealed 
to the nuncios at Parift and Bnissels to 
further the restoration of episcopal govem- 
raent in England aa'onling to the ancient 
diwiplineofthechurchevenin times of perse- 
cution. Rishop, Smith, Chamjmey, Kellifton, 
and Ca^ar (.'lement had wlrendy exerted them- 
wlveain the matter, and at length, on *20 Dec. 
Kill*, Ilarriiton with his twelve assistants 
signed a weighty petition setting foiih the 




envov, John liennett, to obtain a di<;pensa- 
liimforthe marringe and the appointment of 
a hiHhop for the Roman cntholtc church in 
England. Ou tho eve of tho envoy's depar- 
ture for Rome, Harrison died on II Mayl621. 
The result of the mission wax iho oppoiut- 
ment in Februar>- lH'J-J-^i of a bishop in ordi- 
nary for England, r>r. Willinm Rishon [q. v.], 
and' after Bishop's death ( Ui'2-l) a vicor ap&- 
frtolic was appointed. 

[UradyS Episcopal Sucecs»iuti,iii. 66;Bat]or'» 
Hist. Uetnoinn of the Eogliah Cattiolics, 1822. 
ii. 266; Conntablo's Specimen of Ampndmentd 
propoRcd to iho eompilBf of the fTiiirch Riat. of 
England, p. 181 ; Dudd's Church Ri-Jt.ii. 368.499 
8e<j.. iJbo Tieni«y's odit. v. fi2-G, ccsii eeq.; 
Dodd's Apology for the C'hnrch Hi«t, of Eng- 
Und, p. I<»8; Foley's Rfcordft, i.380. vi.72, 132, 
619; Oillow's Ribl. Diet. iii. l.iO; Patizani's 
Momoirs. pp. 87-01. UR; Kecordf: of theKngliah 
Catholics. I. 4'2fl; 8ergrunt'» Acconnt of the 
ChHVtereroclcii hyWilllam, l.iehop fil^Chalcedon, 
ed. Tunibiill. p, 25; Ullathome's RtwtonitioD of 
the Catholic Hicran^hy. p. 10 ; Wtttdoti's ChwQO- 
logieal Notes, p. 130.] T. 0. 

HARRISON, WILLIAM (168Jy-17I.3), 
poet and diplomati.st, was admitted scliolar 
of Winchester College in 1698, coming from 
the neighbouring parish of St. Cross, and 
being aged 13. In 1704 he was elected to a 
dcholarshipatXewCoUege, Oxford, andafttT 
two years of probation succeeded to a fellow- 
ship in 1706, when he had 'arrived to a great 
perfection in all kinds of polite literature.* 
.'Vddisnn became hid fnend, and obtained 
for him tho post of governor to a son of the 
I)uke of Qupensberry at a salary of 40/. n 
year. With I bin and his fellowship, which 
be rctaineil for his life, Harrison plunged 
into London sociotv, and wo-h n-commended 
by Addison to Swift, who thereupon writes 
to Stella : * There is a young fellow here in 
town [October I710j wc aro all fond of. and 
about a year or two come from the univer- 
sity, one HarrL'ion, a pretty little fellow, 
with a great deal of wit. goml sen.«e, and good 
nature; has written *om»' might? prt^tty 
; things ; that in your 6th Miscellanea about 



Harrison 



Harrison 



Apr uwsjB uTitiaf him Co Uw teranu mad 
— *" bin p^ hk ctiib/ Swift took to him, 
Bad VM rMol*«d to ttir ap people to do 



tf;t. ' 'I wi|i|j,wl'i'1 ill if In It TiiTiii 

tufi I '>i|^ Ok Utt«rdoQbtMlit«siie- 

CPOM, M iw JmI fiat Appmi'e uf tliv *iditor'« 
'MAUlwr.* TIivflMt numb<.-rc&jDi; out 13J«n. 
1711t vh«fa th« uoitr irritic wrote: 'There u 
not MMcfa in ii, but 1 hope it will meod. I 
mm tdnid iha little to»a hu doe the tnie 
v4a Car H/ A tUj or two Uter Swift gftre 
litou lor Another number of the new pAper; 
ifl FrimMTj Coni^'V^. * blind m be is, * nve 
« pep*T (v h«4 writt'-n out for little Hus 
nvm ; ' to'l in Mnn'li KwiH dictated ft paper. 
It mu in ftll lo tiflr-tw') nurabtrn. twice a 
w*vU, tWwfn l.t .tun. and 10 Mht 1711. 
|t(T<w<-4'n tli«w*Ut<'» Swift iiitroducwdUarri- 
ntftt in [j«-r«7n t/^> r4t. John, who oblained for 
biin llw mwt of iwrnrlary to l/ird Italiy, the 
unir^^^Mor *-\tnyin\itiixry at the Hague to 
ttrrtttifr- iUt irMity witb France. 8 1. John 
' ' 'tr*-y tfMin*>aM for t\w *>xi>eiu«8 of 
y, mikI on '^1 April 1 71 1 lie set off 
jn li'iiiiiiiil. In tiui't, but alYnr sorau trouble 
wiib tlui jiri'vious boldrr of tbu oflicts he bd*- 
«'«wn i^in^nt'm MNrritlary to the timlNusy at 
f ir*M!lii, and In January 171U relumed to 
ICnf(Ufii| Willi tbf] barri«>r tn>atv. MlijpAy,* 
wrttM Mwift, ' !• ill all l/XK»/. a y»jar, and 
tlMTjr bava iiiivifrnttid bim u groat. II'^ must 
Iw ',¥»U. ttr im, in d'ibt at leant.' Next 
*Uy il lunHMt out tlint FlarriMm had not a 
farf hiftM in liu j^tcM, H'ftn Uv wnn attack»*<l 
iff r»'v**r Mti'l iiillnrfitnation on liii liin^t; 
wb' I'r |{ot thirty Kill nnAJi for htm 

frui' '•<<, Willi an ordtir on thfi tn^a> 

•vry I'jf \"'U , nnil nonovi'd bim rn Knighta- 

tfrw^*** ^^" " 1''"'' ''''*' ^w'Ct wmit to 
rail ofi hifii, aii'l, ilri>it*liri(; the worat, wiu 
afraid lo knitfik llarrxwin had died tax hour 
|j|J/>f- ' '^ ■ '— 1 nvorjfrMtvi'il Hwift oomucb.' 
l|tb' I of llNrriN'in'N itlni'U, Young, 

ANfii . , ^ ,1,1 own iii-4-oiint, * ni^flit to day 
in pNtnTut joitrni'yjoin'd 'to find liimApoech- 
l"<i« mill al ih<> point of il'>atb. Appttruntly 
IjarrU'in 'tii*'! in Vounfc'n pri'itt-ncs Lady 
MlridfoH wnl*'i : ' llin br«.ith**n' \t<)e\n burv'd 
bim, oa Mr. Adiliami, Mr. iMiilipo, and Dr. 
Mwlft,' 

A Kopy of lUrriiion'ii cliiiif pioni in in tho 
IbHlli-iMM l.ihmry in Miouf^b, Oxford 103.' 
'J'bn tiHiv-piiyo run": ' Woodstock Park, a 

(fiH'iu, liy Nvitlinni llurim>ii f«^] of New 
*oll>«tfti, Otoii., 170'}.' It in nlfto printed in 
l»i*<]iibr'«'(;oll..'Clion/v.lHM u\)I. TbiMliird 
*Ai' of lloroci*, Linilated by him nt. ' Tu the I 





I VKklW^KhoVtwdlfelKlfeor 

I toHollMid, ITtC; ndbdad is UmBeoMbe' 
|*BonBe,'L lfl-18,«»El orTRmlaflnf poeUcat 
puces uviiiMncd IB Steele •' PoetacwJCiMcl- 
luiea,'in4,p|L«U-5a Hewmstfae 
of the liaea eatxtled * Tlie M edune, a 
priated m th« aeeoad Kumber of the 
'Taller,* aad tefristed, with noft of 1 
poems exeepUag ' WoodiCock Purit,* 
choUs -CoUecOoa,* ir. 1^-5, x\l 
Harriana waaageaenl £aToinixe:. Tidell, 
the eod of hia poea on the jrapecU of 
(1713), deaifitttaB him 'That laach 
TOBth ; ' aad Xomng, im the t pw ria to Lord 
Laudowiie^praiMalniB « poMMnaf ' friaaJi 
indeed, mod aatar» ta exMSK.' The ' Tfttler* 
which he edited in 1711 wu reprinted in 
dnodectBo in 1712 and sabwqnent 
Steele'* ' Tatler,' toL t. (Amnr, 
295, 300-2, 41ft. ii. 40*. 425). Son* 
crjways are rrprnted in XirboU'a wrfl-; 
edition of the * Tatlfr,' roL ri A Tcry 
letter written by narriaoa fiwm t'trecht to 
Swift on 1 6 Dec'l 7 12 is in the latter 6 wori^ 
1863 ed., xri. 14-18. 

[Johaaoa'a Poets (CuiuBfhnm).iii. 311-11; 
Jacob's Pucts. i. 7t>-l ; Kir)-y> Wt(K^«at«r 
SchoUr», p. 215; WeDtwwrth, Papera, pp. 188, 
11)1.319-2*; Forrters Swifts pp. 386-7, 38I-S. 
-I<3^.4d2; Cnifc*sdwift,202.212. 2dd; SwiA's 
Works (1S8S (rf). ii. 43-4. 144-7. lAO, 162-S, 
174, 199, 232,iti. 101-3. 109-13; Geot. Ma«. 
1777 pp. 261. 419. I7W p. 17«] W. P. C. 

HARRISON, ^MLLUM (1812-1800), 
commandLT of thi^ Great Eaatem. »oq of a 
master in the merchant service, was bom ai 
Manrport, Cumberland, in Octolbei l>fl2. H« 
waallwiind an apprentice to Mr. Porter,a shi; 
owner of Liverpool, and went to sea in Oc' 
her 182o. On the expiration of hisarticles 
obtained the commond of a veesel, and »f rv 
in the Eoat and NWst Indies, and on t 
coftdt of South America. In the course 
the niimerouft disagreements among the ri 
powers on tbo American coast, he was inor# 
than once in action, and acquitted 
with crwiit. In 1834 he transferred his se 
y'xcm lu Itarton, KrUm, & Higgonaon, and U 
th«m Uvik charge of Tfweison the Kurbad 
line. I'rom 1^2 to 31 Dec. 1855 be wu 
connected with the Cunard line of packet* 
trading between Liverpool and America {, 
during that period he crossed the AtUntir' 
npwarda of one hundred and eighty timi 
and was one of the most popular of tlie co: 
mandora on that route. In January 1856 __, 
was selected b^ the directors of the Easttim 
Steam Navigation Company out of two hun- 



dred competitors to lake the command 
the Orcat Leviathan, then building at Mill- 
wall in the Thames. In the following years 



Hai 



49 



Harrison 



wu appointod to siiperintenrl thr* ar- 
ient« for intemnl iiucumm<>itntion and 
UT^ation. The ship tiviii^rnt Uu^tompleted 
sfter great delav, and reiumeil the Great 
Eutem, wad aeut on a trio] (rip from IJcpt- 
ibni to Pontaod lioods. When off Hastings 
on 9 Sept. lB5t> a tcrn6c explosion of stoun 
kUlcxl ten of the Ercmcn, and seriously injured 
feereral otbjer pcrsoiu. Harrison showed 
prompt courage and resource, and hrougfat 
the vessel into Portland, although in a very 
damaged state. Tbu Great Eastern wa« then 
put into wint«r Quartetre near Hurst Castle. 
On 21 Jan. iSGO tier cnmmflnder, while sail- 
ing from Uythn to Southampton intheihip's 
boat, wai capsized durtuf^ a squall near the 
Southampton dock gates, and when taken 
from tlie wat«r was found to be dead. He 
was buried in St. James's cemetery. Lii'er- 
poolf 27 Jan.. when upwards of thirty thou- 
•aad people foUowt^l tii<< IhkIv tu th<> grave. 
Some time prevtuuslr he had become surety 
for a friend, by wliode sudden death all his 
eaviugs were lost. A sum of money was 
thenlorQ raii-ed for the bennCt of his aged 
asoUier, wife, and three children. 

[nioitralod I^adoQ JTowa, 6 Nut. 1 8.58, p. 4,15, 
with portrait. 28 Jan. 1660, p. tt3, and 4 Feb. 
18410, p. lis. with portrait; Annual Register, 
lft69. pp. iaS'40, and 1860, pp. 10-12; Dnw- 
ing-RoMD PoTlnut Gallrr^' of Emint^nt Pcraon- 
a^M. 3nl aw. 1S60, virh' portrait ; Timeg, 23- 
^^1 Jan. 1660, and 9 ^farch ; Pall Mall Gaeette, 
^■l Aug. 1888, pp. 5-6.] G. C. fi. 

^m HARRISON, WILLIAM (1^13-1868), 
^^■rociilifit nnd operatic manag^^r, the pon of a 
^^Cftal mprrhant, wa*bom at Mnrylebone, Lon- 
don, lo June 1813. He made bin first uppeur- 
aace as on amateur concert siiigpr in 183tj,and 
then became a pupil at the lioyal Academy 
oC Moaic During 1 8;i7 ho appeared as a pro- 
eaaional aing«r at the concerts of the Aca- 
dwy and the Sacred Harmonic Society. On 
1699 he appeared on the stage at Co- 
en in ' Henrique.'and afterwards at 
Lane asThaddeus in liatfe's ' Bohem ian 
*irl *(1H43^, Don C:csar de Bozan iu Wal- 
icc>'9 * Montana,' and in Benedict's 'Bride 
Venice ' { 1 H4.'l) and ' Crusaders ' (1846) on 
,eirfir>t production. He afterwards played 
the Princes.-)'" and theHnrmarbet, and in 
ugti5t 185-1 went to the United States with 
iss I.ouiM Pyne. <-hi their return they 
ined in a whc^ne for establishing an KngH.th 
i-ra company. The first season commenced 
(heLyiviim Theatre on 21 Sept. iHoT.with 
Hnglifib veri^ion of Auber's * Lefl Dtatnant« 
la r<mronne.' In the following year 
CoTeot Garden Theatre wa^ engaged, and 
fbrmancee were given there CTcrr winter 
to 19 March le^i. At first the under- 

TOL. XXV. 



Takin}rm)>t withgnui saeeuM,bui il graduallv 
lan^iii.*lie<J. Tin- company, however, pm- 
ducud ihu following new operas : B&lfe'a 
* Rose of Cast i lie ' (Oct ober 1 1>57 ), * SatanoUa ' 
(December 18^8), * Bianca'( OtHiember ltS60), 
the 'Puritan's Daughter' (Novemlier it^Hl)^ 
' Blanche de Ncviira ' (NovemlMir 1862). and 
the ' Armourer of Nantes '(February IfttJS); 
Wallace's ' Kurline * (IbOO), ond ' Love'a Tri- 
umph' (1882): Benedict'* 'Lilr of Killar- 
ney ' (iHfiS) ; .Mellon'* ' Victori'nR ' (1859) ; 
and William Howard Glover's * Buy Bias' 
(OctobiT 1801^. On 8 Nov. 11^4 Harrison 
opened HerMajf^sty'sTheatre as sole manager 
witli an English vcrfiion of (iounod'u* Faust;* 
theseaaon terminated on Itl March 1866,when 
Harrison took his benefit ; the oitera was 
'Marilana.'nnd it was followed by stdections 
from the * School for Scandal,* in which Har- 
rison took the part of Charles Surface, this 
being his first app*.'nronce in non-lvrical 
drama. His last appearance was at Liver- 
pool, in May 1808, as Fritz in the 'Grand 
Duche«of Gemlstein.' He died at Kentiah 
Town, 9 Nov. IHtiti, and was buried at K«ual 
Oreon cemeterv. Ho married a daughter of 
Mra. Maria Clinord, the actress, and left two 
sons. Horriiion translated Maas^'a operetta, 
' Les Noces de Georgette,' and produced it 
at Covent Garden in 18<30 as 'Georgette's 
Wedding.' In addition to a tenor voice of 
remarkable purity and sweetness, he had the 
advantagu of being an exct^llent actor. 

[Grove 'sPict. of MQsieaiidMusiclHns.'Coopor's 
Biog. Diet. ; noticeo of pflrformances in llw l^mea 
for van'ou.'i dates; Era, l& Nov. 1868, p. 10; 
articles oo Balfk, Michael Wnxuu, and Bk.vh- 
nicT. Sir Jvuvt ] C. L. K. 

HARRISON, WILLTA5I (1802-1684), 
antiquary, son of Imloc Harrison, bat manu- 
facturer and merchant, was born at Salford, 
Lancashire, on 11 Dec. 1802. Early in life 
he sougtit his fortune at the Cape of Good 
Hope. Ret uming to England, be settled down 
about 1S46 on « nmall estate of his own in 
the Isle of Man, where be became a member 
of the House of Kwya, aud afterwards a jus- 
tice of peace. It was mainly through his ex- 
ertions that the Manx Society was established 
in I8.">H for the publication of documents re- 
lating to the history' of (h)* Isle of Man, and 
hi! contributed fourteen volumes to the works 
of thesociety.including ' TfaeBibliothecaMo- 
nen^is, a Bibliographical Accoimt of Works 
relating to the U\e of Man,' 1601. ^ud edit. 
187tt: 'Manx Proverbs and Sayinps, Bal- 
lads.' &c. lettfi; * Account of the Diocese of 
Sodor and Man/ 1879; and 'Manx Miscel- 
lanies,' 18^. He was an occasional writer 
on antiquarian matters in the 'Mancheeter 



Bactanr 
OK 9ft Jau 1871. 

1870-S. 
U F«b. 1S71. 1 

c.c. 
inixuac (A i6i9>, 

«« W • pnier iad IkkUo^ 
I jif wtfi'fa hiie, who 

of the &«e 




IUt»»lfllV (INI7 lN7n,iinti. 
< lull) til Niirfiilli mi 
'.{ ti( N»rw)rti III' 
'- 'M IMIi'IinmIiihim 
fvnii lit |tnii>- 
I (M>Ui' y«<nr« 
i >» li'li Ari<limi>- 
iiiiths |>ii|i<>r* 

tut 



K\ '» \^ u»_^* » '*\ I" ^*'<i\ i> 



same time na ft 
HiTTOcl com- 
oa lui own aocoant at SUm- 
ford, LiaeofaiAare, v^ot* he started a newa- 
psper, «Ut& W e£t«d sad printed without 
muA Mceew, and Wcitti* ui atd^iman. By 
IflOl he h*d namovtA to Han<£(^ld, Xotting-^ 
haauhire, and after liia Cithers death in I^oH 
c«nber 1806 ( Oemi, Mmff, toL Ixxv. pt. U. pV 
1179) be returned to hia nathre town of Mar- 
ket Ilhrbomu^h. There a second marriaga 
nrntiroiled him m difficulties which compelie^l 
him to relinmil»h his business. He diud i^| 
obncuriry at llirmiDGfham on 1 Jan. 1819. 

Ilarrod publishca histories of the three 
tow UN in which he sncceBsirely carried on 
hiN biiNinoss. The titles of these works are: 
I, ' Tho Antiquities of Stamford and St. 
hfjirfin's, compiled chiefly from the Annals 
nf i1h. Ucv. I'mncia PecK> with Notes; to 
whloli JH rnlih»d the Present State, including 
|liirKhU'T,'i.'vnl!..]L>mo,Stamfor(i,1786. Uar- 
rfNi Wrt*« tit>r<> enpably assisted by an eccentric 
Htnmt'ivH imolheeary named Lowe. 2. 'The 
lltBlury nf MnnsMd and its Enrirons. In 

W"» |t«rt* : 1, .\ntiquities, including a de- 

wTuvHon of two Itoman Villas diflOOTexed 

»iv \\. K.».>liv. J-^r., 1786. n. The Present 

•If W »th plai«ft,» 4to. Mansfield, 1801. 

' ' I1i« Uiki^^rv »vf MarVet-Harboraagh in 
i4thwii«T*htr«« a«4 iu Viciaitr/ Sto, iS08. 



w^. 



Harrowby 

la irftSHAiTodjproject€d an enUnr''*] eili- 

Kioa of Wrighi's ' liistory and Antiquities of 

Rut Undshlre/bnt the work w.'Ltdiscontinuccl, 

after the tppeuBOce of twu iiiinil>tir9,for want 

of oncounigenipnt. Tbe copiier-plaiei aad 

maniwcripta were afterwaitls purchosfd hj 

John NichoU ITjomas Barker ( 1722-1809) 

[q. T.l, one of Uarrod's patrons, contributed 

.« bialort' of Lyndon, which formed one of t)w 

arts p'uWished (Nichols, Lit. Anfoi. iii. 

13-Ui). In 1780 HaiTod publishe*! a snlu 

Otalopieofhisbooks^tA.iiL 079), and during 

^contasted election at Nottiiif^li&m in 1803 

nnpiled *Coke and Birch. Tho^ Taper- 

ITar carried on at thu Nottin^bam Election, 

03; containing the whole of tlie Addresses, 

mg«, Squibf, &c., cinmlftled by the cnn- 

aaing par(ie.4, including the Books of Ac- 

dont« and Chanccit.' 

[Gant. Mag. txuix. i. dB4-5; Brit. Mas. Cat.) 

y.G. 

HARROWBY, Eikls of. [See Rtdbr, 
DcDLET. 1702 1H47, tirst earl; and UtoeR, 
l»rni,p.v, 171)8^1882, second earl,] 

HARRY, BLIXD (Jt. 1470-149d>, Scot- 
I poet. [See Hhnby the Mtnstubl.] 

HARRY. (JEORGE OVTKl^ (Jt. 1604), 
"Welsh anlirjuflr\', son of WiUiani Owen, bo- 
ftme rector of X^Tiitchurch, or Eglwy&-Wen, 
the hundrtKl of Cemmaes, Pembmkeshire. 
lt« printed works are: 1. 'The Genealojry 
f the hig^h and mighty Monarch Jttmes . . . 
Ling of Great Bnttaynf, with his linenll 
nt &om Noah by divers direct U-uhh to 
Srutiu; . . . wilh a briefeCronologieuf the 
Bemorable AiM-s of iUh famous men touched 
this Qenealogie, with many other mstters 
rorthy of note,* London, lt)04, 4to. This 
_ nok, which was composed at the request of 
Robert ILoIland, is, when accompanied by 
all the plates, uncommonly rare, 2. 'The 
Well-spryng? of True Nobility.' 

Tie compiled in Ifi02 n manuscript volume 
^HriiQwing (lie state of Wales nt that period 
^^ndr mme extracts see fienf. Ma*/. i'-'T 1823). 
^^^ To Browni- AVillis's ' Survey of the Cathe- 
dral Church of St. David's,* 1717, are am- 
ended ' some memoirs relatinj? thereto, and 
lie county adjacent, from a MS. wrote about 
tie latter end of Queen P^lixabetbV reign.' 
The manuscript is Iielievwl Xu Imve bet-n 
ritten by George Owen Harry for the use 
of Camden, who acknowledges his assistance 
ixi tbe account of Pembrokeshire in the 'Bri- 
tannia.* Hicharil Kenton, in bis * Historical 
Tour through Pembrokeshire,* 1811, ba>i li- 
berally quoted from Harry's manuscripts. 
[Dimn's HenlJic Visitation of Wnli-s, intnxl. 
ii* i. 33 aod facsimile No. b; Fi^ntoa's Pum- 





Harsnett 

brokashire. pp. &0d. &3S, 637. A63 ; QatiU Mag. 
U23. pu ii. pp. 16. lOS, 400. All. 697 ; Gooffh's 
llrit. Topog. ii. 495, 510 ; Lowodoa's Bibl. Mud. 
(Bohn),p. 1006; Moule'sBibl. lleraldica. p. 62 ; 
Watt's Bibl. Brit.] T. C. 

HARRY, NUN MORO.\N (1800-1842), 

congregattonalist, wa.«t bom in the parish of 
Lampeter Velfrey iu Pembrokeshire, 9 June 
1800. His father died in the prime of Uf?, 
when Harry was in his fourth year, lie 
and his three brothers with their mother 
wen^ taktMi charge of by their grandfutlier, 
David Harrv, who gave them a guofi educa- 
tion. At the age of fourteen Ilarrv begun 
to commit to paper on Sunday evcnimts the 
t«xtJt of the Mormons \\m tiad lieanl during 
the day, and afterwards mode as full notes 
t& he could. At tbe age of sevcntt^n he 
joined the congregationalchurchat Htmllan, 
and commenced his occasional labours as 
minister of the gospel there. It was partly 
through theinstrumentAlityof l>adyBarhani, 
who took a kindly iritert'»t in lum, that in 
1822 he entered the colbrge at Newport I'ag- 
ncU, Buckinghamshire. Having ruuiplet^ 
the usual tt-rm of study there, he was unani- 
mously chosen pastor of the independent 
church at Banbury, and was ordamed on 
25 April 1827. Ho remained here nearly 
seven years, On lo Aug. 18^2 he became 
pastor of the in<lependent church in New 
Broad Stret't, lj<niaon, and remained there 
till hi.s death on 22 Oct. 1842. He enthu- 
siastically adopted the principles of the Peace 
S<U'iety; in 1h37 he was elected one of it« 
honorary secretaries, and became editor of the 
'Ilcrfild of Pence.' lie generally dr«w up the 
annuii! reports, and wrote several valuubln 
tracts and circulare, published by the com- 
mittee. When asked to take part in any 
public meeting, he always stipulated that 
he should h*i allowed to say a word on 
•peace.* In his theology he was probably 
in advanci* <}f tht; majority of the ministors 
of his own denominni ion. .\ memorial ser- 
mon by his *boflom frit-nd,' the Rev. Caleb 
Morrisoft'etterLant^Cbapel.London.possed 
through several editions, lie published a 
wries of twelve lectures on (he subject, 
• What think y.* of Christ P * Banbury. 1832. 

In 1828 he nuirrind Elixo, tlie tdde^it daugh- 
ter of the Ilev. William Wnrlow of Milford, 
by whom he had five children. 

[Jones's Geiriadur Ily wgraSyddol ; Hcrnlil of 
Pt-acc f'>r Janimry 1843; Caleb Morris's Ma- 
inorial Dihcoune ; Lfiltera from Mr. K. John 
Harry.] R. J. J, 

I HARSNETT, ADAM fJ. liWfi). dirine, 

wa* the son of .\dam and Mercy Harsnott. 

I When making his will on 24 Oct. ItilS, bis 

' k2 



T. , 






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I I I • I' '.■•l.'- ll:ill. .'I wl.iili In- 1..- I.i.'-.'.l lltir-n.-ti'.-, ..ilii-ial apitrubiili.in of it 



Harsnett 



«■■ A» Baivi of • c&nt"] of our Knfi1i«li 
C fcf O Ba c l cMt pIpMcd and fiouH^hed over, unlj 
to ■how tbfr antlior's t>rettT wtt.' Ilarsnolt 
KSiUr Eoeoied it vitboot r««din|^ it. Th^ 
kaok'WaB I iBMtnifiri into rank tres»on bv the 
IcwTvn. cod bote a tii^^Ij eulo^stic Lntin 
^maaticm to tbe Earl of Kwex, then in tlU- 
pscCiVkidl w*» 'fotat«d in ' 'W'ithfttit lltire- 
^KS^« knmrled^. Harwanl wax fortbwilh 
Mikt lo tlie Tower, and Harsnett kioiitelf 
tl u fc X eoMwitliimprifiwinicat^if Doldefrrada- 
ttcHL (trroilT terrified be Bought to appcue 
Gok«. tlim aitomeT-geocnl, with Ictten 
vluch an? in ptt table contrast to the bold 
tone of hit putili«hed utterances (Val. Stale 
Pnpfn^ Dom. 150B-160I. pp. 40.5. 4.5J-.S). 
lie* cueeeeded in coDTindn)^ Cuke of his 
tnnotttiee. and was soon restored lo favour. 
<>a 17 Jan. 1602-3 he was collated to \.\w 
arriidaaaifirj of Ea»ex, and during 100.'! 
BoMiifaed, br order of the privr council, 
a vuureiu exposure of popUn deaifrns. en- 
titled * A DedaraLion of cgrepous Popish 
Ivpostarm, . . . vnder the pretencu of cuHt- 
iaff out deuils. IVactised bv KduivndA, uliu 
^^»ton.B Iesuit,and diners llomi^hPrifsts, 
Sua wicked associates' (with copies of i-on- 
leeakina and examinations of the parties), 
k^to, London, 1(W3; with a new litly-ptig-i', 
Ffiro, London, 1605. Frim the ' Dt'rlaniticn,' 
%» Th»-«>h*ld tirst pointed nut, ShakiLsiK-am 
l^v>k tlie name* of th*" siiirils ropnttoufKl by 
VYA^t in Kin|^ I^nr, ana mokitt besides one 
(or two othtT unmiMakaUd uUiuionB to it, 
I nb'hilo at lf&)*t nne pas&af?e in it must have 
rn in Milton's recollection when ho wrote 
' L'AIImto.' J. M. N^^orrann] in * Notes and 
aerifw, 2nd »er. vii. 14-l-.'j, biui cited the 
tllel pasMige« in full. Hursnert Kyrame 
■ofSbenfield in E^sex, H) April HW4, 
[on the prw^ntati'm of Sir Thoraas Liioan of 
('olche»t^T, and rpsignod thp rpotorr of St. 
arvt. Now Fish .Strt^et, Tendon, in the 
Bini( of that y««r. On 9 Nov. I<t0r) he 
( nWtM nianter of Pembroke Hall in sup- 
CCsnon to Ijincvlot Andn^we!«. Tht* follow- 
JBg Tear ho was choaen vice-chancellor, and 
\ reci'iTvdthe dejjree of H.U., his exemiee being 
excused by « «pc'C lal gTHci.'. As vice-chancUtir 
ovemVI with a hijjh hand' (Jlarl. ytS. 
ii i. r>OA). The ctatuti'fl framed by him 
iv bi' .<M'«'n in Addit. (Colo) MS. f^\o, f. 
\ h. He lind reaigue*] in I0()5 his victu^i;e 
hof Cliipwell, a place for which he always 
! cheriwlit^d an attachment, to bt^«ueon 1(1 .May 
JfXW vicar of Ifutton, in the ftame county of 
Ymkx, which he coded in 1609 in favour of 
f Ilia rrlattvc, Adam Harsnett ^q. v.] In IHOO 
aUo he resigne"] his prel>»nd of Mapesihury to 
riancmft. a nephew of the primate, 
eopoD be was presented on '2^ Sept. to 



, rector* 



23f/ 



ijohn 



the richly pndowe<i rectory of StisttHl in 
Kasex. On 13 Nor. ItlOO'be was elected 
bishop of Chichester, again in 8UC('e««ioD to 
Lancelot Andwwi's, translated to Ely, and 
was consecrated hyllaiicrofl on thn followin 
'^^ Dec., being olliiwi^l to hold his living o*. 
Stisted in cximmmilam with that see, liiit 
resigning the archdeacnnr*- of Essex. Ban- 
croft, when making his will on 2** Oct. UilO, 
named llarsuftt as an overseer, and as one 
of thoM whom he coiilrl wish ' uppon soma 
Sonday within n m>>neth after mv death to 
preacfae in I^mbith church, and to make 
such mention of me as may ti-ud to Godev 
glory' (registered in P.O. C'flrt. Wingfield). 
Harsnett still continued to ruK- over Pem- 
broke Hell, but hid high church practices, 
frequent absences, and financial mismanage- 
ment Ie<l to many unseemlv disputes with 
the fellows. Andrewes tells I'ndi^r-m-'cretary 
Sir Thomas I-ake, on 'It July 1612, that th» 
Bishop of Cliicliester is d'-sirous of Tvj>igning 
his mastership (Cat. Stnfe Vajifrt, Dam. 
1611-18, p. 1.19). In 16U Ilanq^ett was 
Ingrain elected vice-chancellor of his univer- 
aity. In March 1614-16 Jame-* I, accom- 

fianied by his son Prince Chiirlcf, paid his 
irst visit to Cambridge. John Clmmlwrlain 
tells Sir Dudley Carleton on 16 March lUU 
r-I'»]that Harsnett 'did his part everj- way' 
{Hanlvrirfte State Paper*, pp. 396-7). He 
siriivu to reprf>s.s the indiscriminate confer- 
ment of honoran,' degr«e«, more especially crfl 
those in divinity. In 1616 the fellows of] 
Pembroke exhibited to the king an accusal 
tion in fifty-seven articles against the meater. 
Harsnett WHS charged principally with favour- 
ing poiHTT. ah«;nce from college, and impm- 
per dealing with the accounts. The fellows 
olrin appealed to Andrewps, the I'jirl of Suf- 
fnlk, at that time rhancellnr of the univer- 
sity, Sir l-ieorge Viliicrs, aud others. Though 
Harsnett was compelled to rcsiigii, he con- 
tinue<l in high favour at cdurt. and thest 
dilTenuires did not prevent the ' niiserrimi 
Pembrochiani,' as the fellows styled them- 
sidves in their lengthy '(^uerela/'nnr indivd 
the university at large, from writing him 
complimentary letters on hiselevation lolho 
see of York, beside* a*king for bis goi.«d offices 
OS a privy councillor (cf. Addit. (Cole) MS. 
Wr3, ff. 37, 44). Ou the dnaih of I>r. John 
Overall, Horsnett was tr[ini^lBte<l to Norwich, 
17 June Uil9, and confirmed in the see on 
t'H .\ug., when he resigned the rectory of 
Stisteil. During his occupancy of the sen ha 
iR tiaid lo luivo expende<l 20U0^ on the repair 
of the episcopal palaces of Norwich and Lud- 
ham (Trt/. State Paprrt, Dom. 16S4 o.p. 102). 
I His strictness in enforcing the discipline of 
the church, added to his harsh and ovorfoear- 



Harsnett 



54 



Harsnett 



iofp (leniouiour, made bini eminentlT tin[K>pu- 
lar with iho puritdti party in hia diocpHe. lu 
May lOl'-i l)ic citizi'iiA of Norwich charged 
bim b«>fc>rc the commnuH with various mU- 
duiiu'anors, chteBy, howorer, at tUo instiga- 
tion of Sir Kdwanl Coke. He was accused 
of ' M'ttLn^' u|> imager in thu churches,' and of 
' URinff extortions rnnny wnyti.' Haritnvii 
duftinded himself kefore thv lords against 
each of the six articles of the charge, and 
cImirmI himiwlf tu the Batisfactiun at leaitC 
of the moru influential ainong hifl aiidienco 
{Gnnmon/ Joumah, vol, i. ; LonU' Joumah, 
vol. iii.) In July 1GJ4 Ilarsneit wrute to 
the hailifl'i) of Yarmouth thanking them for 
their diligence in Buppressing conventicliw, 
on<l giving them instnictionn for further pr{>- 
ce*,'dingft(SwiHDF,X, //w/.o/ftrrff/lrtn/iou/A, 
pp. y27-3a). In WJ7 the inhabitants of Yor- 
ttiouth complained to the king that they had 
"btsen greatly harnHsed bv llnrsnett, and said 
that his complaints hjin heen frivolous, and 
dismiwed in thu several courts of law (id, pp. 
Wl-3). 

In 1028 Pr. George Montaigne, archbishop 
of York, died, and Ilarsnett was elected in kis 
place nn lirt Nov. of that year, and confirmed 
on 13 Jan. following. On 10 Nov. WJii he 
•waa also awom of the privy council. These 
dignities, soys FuMer, heowird to the friend- 
ship of Tliomas Howard, earl of Arundel, who 
hnu plartsl hiayoungersDn William with him 
(HVMiM, ed. 1002, 'Essex,' p. 320: (Jent. 
Maj/. vol. ciii. pt. ii. p. 11, ii. 2). During 
102^ Harsnett loundea a Latin school and 
an ]-jigli&h school at Chigwell as a thank* 
oflcring for liis elevation from the vicarage 
to nn nrch bishopric. He fmmed many wise 
and cnri-'ful onlinnnces for the government of 
bin wh(KiIj(. Til" ' Principle*' of the (.*hri»tian 
Keliginn, according lo the Order of ihe Rook 
of (Viniuiou rriiv*T,'t]ie infusion of t lie phnixe 
ond style of Tvilly and Terence, and of the 
Greek und 1-atiii poets generallv, and the 
avoidaiicc of all * novelties and conceited 
modem writers' are cJiameteristic features 
of the archbishop's educaliortul viewei ( TAe 
Deed and Ordinance* of the lotmdatiim 
School* at Chit/n-etl, privntely printed, -Ito, 
1852^. He also built a gallery in the north 
aialo of Chigwell Church for the use of the 
I frve Mdiolars, which whs Int^t used for worship 
Lon 2ft Mnndi 1886. After falling into com- 
iitive obscurity the Latin schocd, under a 
Isehemo ptiblished by the Endowed Schools 
Commiiii.Mon, 29 June 1871, is now (1800) in 
a highly tlouriKhing state ; the Englitth school 
has been handed over to the school board 
(The Chigwell Ka/endar and Ten Year Snok^ 
1887). In 102fl HfirKuett interposed in be- 
half of Gervase Markham [q. v.] when accused 



of' iiapiatnr ' ( <5i/. State Paper*, r>om. Iti'V- 
lOSl, pp. 51-2). On riwling th* church of 
All Saints, North Slre«i, Y'ort, he praised 
its beauty, and gave it a silver communion 
cup, with patcn-cover, aniDtereMing pi«>-of 
plate still in excellent preservation ( IVl- 
nkireArthtrt^.ftnd Topoyr. ./biuTwi/,viiL31t- 
< 315). UU health was toeanwhile breakinft. ' 
The steady protrre*s of the puritaxt party !"- 
wards power embittered his la*t days (cf l-i* 
letters in Cal. State Papem, Ik»m. 'l02»^l» 
pp. ra, 107). Ity Lent 1031 he had rallied 
' sutTiciently to impress upon John Davenanl 
[q. v.], bishop of Salisbury, the neceaaily of 
paying due deference to the autocratic power 
which then governed the church in a vehe- 
ment oration of ' well-nigh half an bonrlong' 
(FuLLEK. ChurrA Hi*t. ed. Brewer, vi. 76). 
AVriling from Bath on 2o April be «iy« 'ha 
is yet so much a priaoner, though he has vatA 
the hot baths, as he is not able to write his 
own name' {Cal. State l*aper*, Item. 1831- 
1683, p. 21). lie dicJ at Moreton-in-the- 
MaKh, Gloucestershire, on 25 May 1031, and 
waa burie<I ou 7 June, occording tu bis dir*c- 
tions, ' within the parish church of Chigwell, 
without pomp or solemnity, at the foot of 
Thomazine, Inte my h«?Iovea wife" (will cited — 
in Hiiii/raphiit Britannira (1757), iv. 254fi).fl 
His line bras.-^, which was executed ai\er hi* V| 
own dcfiign, has I>een twice removt-d from 
the tomb in the chancel floor to be lUfixedto 
the wall, where it now remains, llanziett 
married Tliomaiine, widow of William 
Kempe, and the elder of the two daughters 
of WiUiamWalgrave of llitcbamin Suffolk, 
by Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Poley of 
Boxtcd in the same county ( Visitation* of 
£we.r, Horl. ijoe.,pl,i. 121). ^hewas buried J 
at Chigwell 3 Feb. 1001. leaving an onlrfl 
diiughter.Tliomorine, wholwd been baptised™ 
there July lOlXJ ( parish' re(;ister), but appa- 
rently did not long survive. Harsnett'&bousft 
at Chigwell, wliere his kinswoman, Mrs.*" 
bara Fisher, died lU June 1808 at the ag< 
ninetv-five, was during the last ccnturv re- 
pairecl and modernised by William t*ark 
Fisher, a jeweller, of Tavistock Street, Covi 
Garden, London (LvsoKS, Ennirtm*, iv. 124; 
Supplement^ P- 340). It is now divided iBi 
two residences known hs 'The (irsnge-* 

Fuller commendfl Ilar^nett's 'great learn- 
ing, strong parts, and stout spirit ( H'orthies, 
ed! 1002, ' Essex/ p. S26), adding elaewhen 
that ' he wasa zealous asserlerof coremoiLie^ 
using to complain of ( the 6rst, I beUevc, vho 
used the expression) "conformflble puritan*,* 
who practised it out of policy, yet dirsented h 
from it in theirjudgmentw ' (Church IJi^t. ed»fl 
Brewer, vi. 88). On the other hand Pryon* " 
compares him to a ' furious Hitdebraxid, aod 



ss 



Hart 



I DttO OFT two »omeiiv-liftt unintelli^ble 
^__ tin illttrtntionof the ftrc'hblshop's' do- 
nlne^nng outnijfe nnd drradfiil enrl' (/>« 
Antipatkif of the EnglinH Lordly Prfhcie, 
1611,pp.^i?l '2). In addition to his published 
works he left, occordinf^ to Wood, ' four or 
sow MSS. fit for the press, of which one 15 
"Da XeceMttate Baptismi," &c.' {Athenffi 
Omam. cd. BUm, ii. 874-5). A cop^* of hU 
iWaat. entitled (1) ' Nemo necessand dam- 
astar;' (l^V Certitude uniuBcujusquofialutiB 
aoa est cenitudo Mei/iain the Itriilsh Mu- 
aram, Harleiaii M8. 3142. ff.r>4-tjl ; another 
copy is at Colchester, lie also drew up thti 
(kmoua * Considerations for the better settling 
of church govemmenl/ presented by Laud to 
the kinff, and aent by his majestT in Decem- 
ber IG^ to Abbot, archbishop ofCanterbury, 
BS ' ttutmctioiu concerning certain articles 
to tw <4monred and put in execution br the 
MVttmlfaUhopa in his province/ now preM^rvnd 
in the Ijimheth Library (LAro, Works, Li- 
brurj of Anjrlo-Cath. Tlieologj-.T.aO?). Ilis 
library he bequeathed to the corporation of 
Colchester in trust for the clergy of the town 
and neigbbourhoiMl on condition of a suitable 
KKm being providi^d for its reception. The 
QoOaclion, which cmhists chiefly of theolo- 
gical Uleroture of the sixteenth century with 
a few incunabula, pas.>«ed throu{,^h many ri- 
oMttudca, Imt is now properly cared for 
in Col«h«Bter Castle. A catalo^c, with a 
hiogimpUoal and bfbliop^pbical IntrcMluc- 
tiOQa vat compiled by the present writer in 
^of which tbe corporation printed two 
»d and fifty copies for private circula- 
1888. 




[BfCMrraphM Britanntca, 1767, toI. tr. ; Mo- 
nat'a Hiit. of Colchflstcr ; European Mag. xxxr. 
SS4; SUrm'a Annali, 8ro, vol. lii. pt. i. p. 637 ; 
Sire's I'lfe of Whitfiifl, 8ro, ii. 31G ; Cooper's 
Amwrr Cantatr. ii. 3S0-3 ; Huylvu'ti Lifu and 
SmIIi of Uod. 1671. pp. lea, 2U2; Monmb's 
IWl i 170; Collier's £oeL HiA. (Uthbury). 
,. IBS, 301 ; Xichols's PrctfressM of James I, 
8t n.; John Brav^ns's Hist, of Con(^g&- 
' im )D NorfoOt and Suffolk, pp. 73-8; 
ilo Itrook'ii ]^aritan■, toU. ii. lii. : Oa- 
Konroiif. M«moriiil, 1802-3, iii. 276-6; 
intley'» (i.«. W. Prynne's) A Breriats of 
tb* IVtfUtM itttollorabls luarpntions, 1637. pp. 
lfll-3; Uarkut'a A Mtniorial of Arehbiihop 
WUllanw. 1AV3, p. Vfi, CarlislsH Hndowud 
pEuanar 8chool«, 1. 4) 4-23; Thomas Wriieht's 
, ii. 39l-3i LyM>D«'s EsTirons, ir. 127-8; 
Tots* and Queri«% 3rd scr. ir. 3; Newraun's 
:ariBRi, i. 73; Grnt, Mae. toI. Ixxiii. pt. 
>fi. SOS'S. ti32 ; Addil. (Colo) MS. 6871. f. 
; OaliOrDs'i Kmcx, p. ;.'38; Cotton Mutliur'n 
Xed. IIi>i. of N-w Englaml. 1702, iii. -41; 
PryiiBft'i CantfrburiM Liixiraii, 1646. pp. 368, 
M«, AI2, 637; Cal. Slat* rapex*. Don. 16IU 





1618 p. 278, 1634-6 p. 102, 1636-6 p. 418. 
1B36-7 p. 410 ; Trans, of Essex Arch»ol. Soc., 
new sor. tuI. iii. pt. ii. pp. 1.52-3 ; Uarl. MS. 
703, art. tll.f. 160; Athonaiiiin. 28 July 1883.1 

O. G. 

HART, AAIION (1670-1756), chief 
rabbi, bom in 1670 at Breslau, studied at a 
rabbinical school in Poland, and probably 
came to England in 1692 to act &k mbbi of 
thefintt synagogue of the Hngli.Hli congrega- 
tion nf German and Polish Jt^wH, whitlh was 
opened in that year in Uroad Court. Mitre 
Square, London. lIoremoTed in 1721 to the 
(treat Synagogue in Duke's Place, AIdgat«, 
then juRt built at the expense of bis brother 
Moses (see below), and he remained tliera 
till bis death in 1756. lie married a daugh- 
ter of Kabbi Samuel ben Phoebus of Fiirth. 
His onni name appears in Hebrew ns Itabbi 
Phcebus (orL'ri)ben Unblii llirs Hamburger, 
and he issonielimef* referred to asRnbbi Uri 
Pheibush. Befon; 1707 be agreed to dissolve, 
recording to Jewish eccloeiaslical ordinances, 
the marriage of a member of his congrega- 
tion who was leaving England for the ^S'est 
Indies, and was severely attnclied on the 
ground that he hud acted irregularly, by 
another rabbi in England, Jocbauon Ileth- 
fihaw, or Johsnan ben Isaac, in a work called 
'Mflas6 lUb' (AroBterdam, 1707,4to). Hart 
repti(.>d to iho strictures in a book entitled 
'Lrim vo-Tbumim ' (I/mdon, 1707, 4tn)p 
which is the first Hebrew book printed in 
London. Very late in life he is doubtfully 
said to hare held dispiitationfl with one Ed- 
ward Goldney, who sought to convert the 
.Icwa in England to Christianity. Pandridge 
painted the rnbbi's portrait, which was en- 
gravwl by McArdell. 

Hart, Moses (1670?-1766), youn^r 
brother of the above, came from his native 
place, RrcRlan, in esrl v I ife, and bfcnnie a pros- 
perous mnrchnnt in I.,ondon. (lodotphin, while 
first lord of the treasurj- (1 702-10), employed 
him ill financial dealings. He built at his 
sole expense tbeGreal Svnoi;oguo in Aldgnte, 
which was opened in lY'21, and was rebuilt 
in 1790. It remains tbe chief London syna- 
gogue. His plac4i of bufiineAH was In St. Mary 
Axe, and he had a mansion at Isleworth. 
Me died 19 Nov. 1756, leaving, among other 
bequests. 1.000/. to the I./ondon liospital 
(dent. Mttff. 17S6, p. r>9o). His will waa 
(lieputed by bis grandehildron and other re- 
' latives among tht-mgi^-lve?, and the case was 
carried in 1760 to the House of Lords (cf. 
' Nophiati Frank* ^- others v. Jo»eph Martin 
' Sf othem, a printed statement of tne grounds 
of the appeal In the lords). A portrait of 
Hart bungs in the vestry-roimi of the Great 
Synagogue. 





. zzi ,_= 7-T-.ii.a 






3 :2ci»Tr« 
. If nrx. i> 






1 _. ■ - ■ _i 



— 1 i.- 









Hart 



Hart 



bcbeciinethoclafi^feUowand intimate friend 
rf Isiic Biitl [q. T.l. -with whom be Bhmys 
proerrrf a wiirm friendsliip altlnnijrli tliey 
wftiied in ixililics. Hart i^duatod B.A. 
1*13. proceeded M.A. 18^0, and J.L.U. and 
U„D. li^. £Ie waa elected a fellow* ou 
15 June J836, was co-opted senior fellow 
If}, Inly 1858, and was elected vice-provost 
it IS7tJ. He took an active interest iu the 
tAirs of the Irish church, and was for many 
[fern » member of the general synod and re- 
tentative church body. He obtained much 
piuation as a mathematician, and pul>- 
uaeful IrcAtiaes on hydrostAtioi and 
nica. Between l^Oa'nd lfi61 hecon- 
'tributeil valuable papers to the 'Camhridjre 
and Dublin Mathemnrical Journal,' to the 
' Prix-eddmgs of the Irish Academr/ and to 
tbe * Quarterly Journal of Mai hematics/ 
luefly on tlie subject of geodeeic lines and 
'% ciures. On 'Jfj Jan. 1666 he was kniffhted 
r Dublin Castle by tlielnrtl-lieutennnt, l^rd 
CSaraarvon, * iu recopnition of his academic 
rank and attainments.' He died suddenly 
at the house of his brxither-in-law, George 
Vaufihan Hart, of Kilderry, county I>one^l, 
onldAprillSSO. Hemnrriedin IsiOl-'ranco-s 
daughter of Henry Mac l)ouffall,Q.C, of Oub- 
^D ; she died in 1876. Uwo sons, George 
^fiughan, a barrister, and Hcnr}*, now of 
^lenalla, survived him. 
liarl was the author of: 1. 'An Ele- 
ratary Treatise on Mechanics/ 1844; 2nd 
lit. 1H47. 3. 'An Klomentary Treatise on 
kvdroatatica and Hydrodynamics,' 1 84t{ ; an- 
'W edit. 1850. 

[ [Frteman'A Jooraal, 26 Jan. 1B86, p. 6 ; Dub- 
|OaaBtte,39 Jan. 1886. p. 94 ; Times. Ifi April 
"(J-l G. C. H. 

HAKT, SiB ANTHONY (1754P-1831), 
chancellor of Ireland, wks bom about 
_ 54 in the island of St. Kitts, West Indies. 
He is said to have been educated at Tunbridge 
School, and to have been for a. Hlinrt time r uni- 
tarian preacher at Norwich. He wo^ admitted 
a student of the Middle Temple in 1770, nnd 
was called to the bar in 1781. Ho C(iiiiint-<1 
himself excluaively to equity work, and at'ti-r 
,cti.^ing twenty-fiix years behind the bar 
a in 1807 appomtod a king's counsel, snd 
the same year was elected n bencher nf his 
inn. In 1816 he was made 6<ilicitor-general 
Queen Charlotte. Having been appointed 
chancellor of England in tbe place of 
John Leach, ho wtu admitted ti> (he privy 
council and knighted on iHi April 1827. He 
took his seat in tbe vice-chancellor's court in 
thefoUowingmonth. Upon theresignution nf 
Lord Manaerv he wns promoted by Uo<lcricb 
to tbe post of lord chancellor of Ireland. On 




accepting thi^ nffice Hart e\pre.<«ly stipulated 
'that he yvus to have no politics, general, 
local, or religious; and that of Papists and 
Orangemen he was to know nothing.* Ho 
was sworn in at Dublin on 6 Nov. I8i7, and 
took his seat in tbe court of chancery on the 
following day, when he immt-diatelv becamo 
involved in a serious misunder^^ta tiding with 
the Irish master of the rolls iu reference to 
tbe riglit of tbe latter to appoints secretary 
(/ri/AZ-rtu- AcTOrrfw,i.5-6, «7-71, 81-7, 114- 
11a). Hart did his best lo shorten equity 
pleadings, which he considered were * too 

ftrolix in Ireland ' (ib. i. 500). AVhile he was 
ord chancellor a singular case atfectirg the 
rights of the Irish bar arose, a full accotmt 
of which will be found in O'Flanagan's 'Livea 
of tbe l^rd Cliancellors of Ireland' (il. S91- 
yO-H). I'pon the formation of I^rd fJrey's ad- 
ministration towanis tbe close of 1830, Lord 
Plunket was appointed in Hart's place. Hart 
sat OS lord chancellor for the last time on "J'J Dec 

1830, and was addressed in a farewell speech 
by Saurin on behalf of the bar (/rt>A Late He' 
corder^ iii. 67-8). Hart was an amiable man, 
a sound lawyer, and a patient and urbane 
judge. His judgment* were both able and 
impartial, Httti were delivered in a quiet lucid 
manner. It is stated 'as a fact without pre- 
cedent that not a single decision of his was 
ever varied or reversed' (Burke, Hi/itonj of 
t^e Lord ChanceUors of Ireiand, p. 210). Ue 
died in Cumberland Street, Portman Square, 
London, on 6 Dec. IHSI. Anp-ngravingtaken 
from a portrait of Hart, sketched by Cahill, 
forms the fronti^iece to the tirdt volume of 
the * Irish Law Recorder' 

in'Manjipun's Lir<i» nf the Lord Chanctllors 
reliuid, 1 870, ii. 37&-402 ; Burke'b Hist, ofthe 
Lord Chiincollors of Irutand. 1879. pp. 204-10; 
Foss's Judgw o{ nngliitiJ, 1864. ix. 23-4 ; Tor- 
rens's Memoirs of Viscounl MuH'Oumc, 1878, 
\-oI. i.; Tbo GMrgian Em, 1832, ii. fl.W; Qent. 
Mag, 1831, vol. ex. pt.ii. p. AOG: .Annual Register, 

1831, Ap[i loCliroD. pp. 259-60; lUiMin Morning 
Port, 23 Hm*. 1S30; Hujthea'H Re^'Htor of Tun- 
brid^e Scboul, 1886, p. U ; Hoiots and Queries, 
7th wr. rii. 7, 178-] O. K. R. B. 

HART, CHAULKS {d. KWO. actnr, was 
the eldest son of William Hart, the eldest 
son of Shakespeare's sister Joan. lie was 
ajtprenliced to Kicliarrl Robinson, a well- 
known actor, and in his early years played 
female parts, one of which was the iJuchees 
in Shirley's tragedy of the 'Cardinol.' This 
pliiy was first |>erforme<l at the private house 
m Blackfriars, and according to Sir Honry 
llerbert.'s manuscript was licensed 25 Nov. 
1641, If Hart was tbe original Duchess, this 
disposes of the assertion of Dr. Doran {An^ 
naU, i. 47, ed. Lowe), that ho was sevonteea 



tS 



Hart 



^ymn€£^mHU7, Writ's ' Hulack Hit- 
Iriwim' mMMpiy auiM t^ Hut lad dm: 
VM»farad op boTs at tLe BladAvB sail act - 

' vonm'cfwta, ibai ll*rt -y lliiliiMiiii1>W 
— Jihtf thap«t<rftli»DnrfiffMialfce*Chr: 
U ' «u ' tiw <nt that n« Uh 07 fe( 
talion.' At the oatbnKk of the cml wvr 
Hart b—— a ligdaoant of hocae mderSir 
Tliiaaii Mttaf ia IViaee Rmert's ra^s- 1 
mmA. Aftarthaddeat oftbeku^hetook 
pait is periwaaeea at the Codi^pft, another { 
o^th* cocaUed prirate hooaet when * ther had 
•it* for thc^ratTT and acted br caadleught* I 
{Jlif/oria Sittrivm'ca). In the winter of 
1«M7 tbtr were playing tbe' Bloody Brother* ' 
(BoUOf duke of VurmaiKlv ) of Beaanxnt affd ' 
yialcber, ta wLicL Hart U beUered to hare 
baea CNto, whea the^ were siiTTri««d hy foot | 
acddiecaand carried tn thiitr atage dreaica to 
Iffiaon in lUttoo Uooae. After a tisM th«T 
were atrippwl of their clocbea aad diaaitiBfil . 
The; then acted priratelT at Holland Honae , 
and other midcDoea of noblemen three or 
foot nilee out of town, wberv the owQCTB and , 
▼iaitorv uaed to make a contribatioa, eadi 
giving ' a broad piece or the like/ At the ^ 
Reatoratioo Hart acted at the theatre in Yen 
Street, which opened 8 Nov. 1600 (Ciut^ 
MRM). TIere he was the original Doranti' 
in the ' Miataken Beanty, or the Lyar,' an 
adaptation of ' Le Menteur' of Comeille. 
I)ryden eays of this performance that the 
part of Dorante waa ' acted [to] so mach ad- 
vantage aa I am confident it never received 
in it* own country ' ( An E»»ay of Dramatic 
Poetry, ed. 1693, p. 26). With ihecomjjany 
of Killigrew, Hart went in 1663 to the 
Theatre Ro^-al, where he played Demetrius 
in tilt ' HumoroUH Lieutenant/ with which 
on 8 April tlie thestn* 0|K?ntrd, and Michael 
I'erei in •Rule a Wife and have a Wife.* 
He n'mained with this cirapany until the 
union of the two companies in \^'2. His 
onpitial partfl included Cortcz in Ih^'dcn's 
'Indian femperor/ l*(6-'i; Wildbhxxl in the 
• Motk Astrologer/ 22 Jan. 1668; Alraanjwjr 
in the two partsof the* Conquest of Granada,* 
1670; Itanger in Wychfrfey's 'Love in & 
"Wood;* HoniLT in (ht* 'Couutry Wife/ pre- 
auuiahly 1«73; and Manly in the ' rinin 
DnaliT,' l(t74. In Iti7/J htt played the hertH's 
of Ixmj'b * Nero'and Ih'vdeuti 'Aurpngaibe ;' 
and in 1677 Antony m I)r}'den'8 'All for 
Lovo.* He w«a the original of other heroes 
of Or^dnn and IjCn>; played Othello, Chasio, 
Drutus, Hotspur, and to<>k loading jmrts in 
plays of Ben Jonsonand Beaumont and Flet- 
cher, Hart ranked aa an excellent actor. 
Downea aayK of him : ' Mr. Hart in the part 
of Arbares in " King and no King/' Arointor 
in eho "Maid'a Tragedy," Othello, Hollo, 



.□der; to— 

. iffae acted 

-. fortnight 

' ( Hotdu* 

rourt w«» 

-mance of 

AjGJtiv:\er : ' ' ■ Tn-h any king 

ea aaitll fao^ -^If ' t.)^) His 

i <juMi a dj i ii «£ n >t inferior, his 

gnat fast* ' ' ti John in the 

'Cbuoea/ ai^ W «««^.™ ^ ihe * Mock A«- , 
tnOoeer.* 1 

I Steele biNa 138 arthe'Tatler'aars: 'II 
hare heard mj old fiiend Mr. Halt epeaJc it aa 
I aa o h a e rr a tioo amonc the players, ** that it ii 
' impMaihle to act wiUigracv exctfpt theactar 
haa Coigot that be ia Wfr>re an audience." 
I Halt ia laported to have been the first lofcr 
of Ndl Owvn [q. r.l whom he hrooght on 
the Mage, ^cfra cnen aentiotin him. On 
I 7 April 1066 ha bean ftnaMrLKnipp 'that 
, mr Lddy Caatlemaine is mightily 10 lova 
with Hut/ that he ia much with ber in pri- 
, rate, and thst 'she do Erive him many pr^ 
aents/ Bettertonprai!i>e»IIart'sperfornianceap 
and did not until after Hart a retirement 
take the character of Hotapor, in which Hart 
stood reiy hi|^ Hart and Mohun wero^ 
' the principal memben of KilligreVa 
nanr, holding poasesaion of the Theatre Roja^ 
DaTiea speaks of them as ' the manarara < 
the Idn^s theatre" {Dntwmtic MucHtmu^ 
tii. 154); but KiUifrrew'e name is always ai 
cepU-Kl aa that of the manager. At the unio 
of the two companies the memoraudum if 
signed 14 Oct. 1681 by * Charles Hart, gent./| 
I and * Edward Kynastan,gent/ By this Ilaz^l 
I and Kvnaaton were to receive five ahilling^f 
■ a day for life for every day with certain limita- 
I tiona on which the company should act. Be- 
I fnre this time lUrt seems, on account of in- 
firmitifs, to have practically retired. Ho 
died of «tone, and was buried, IN) Aug. I6t^, 
at Stanmora Magna, Middlesex, where ho 
bad a country house. He was enrolled a 
copyholder in 1679, but there is no memorial 
to him in the churchyard where he wns buried. 
[Most trostvorthy information concerning 
Hart in stored in the Uistoria HtstrioDit^, tha 
ItuAi-tTiH Aoglicanus, and Pepyn' I>tarT. vheooe it 
is tU tcredtb tough Daviie'bPniuiatic5ii£CollanieB, 
Genf>Lt, Dfimn, and Bubneqiitfnl irritant, Thome's 
HandUHjk to the Euriroos of London suppliea 
BOino pariii'iiUra.] J. K. 

HART, OHMtLES (1797-ie59),oixanist 
and mu»tcal com|M^er, was bom on 10 May. 
1707, and become a pupil of the Royal Acanl 
demy of Music, under \\'illiam Crotch fq. v.T 
He seems to have been succestiively organic 
of Esse-t Street Chapel, of St. Bunst-on'a 
Stepney (182»-33), of Trinity Church, Mf 



Hart 



59 



Hart 



I 

r 



I 



hul, ud or St. Qearge'B Chvrek, Becken- ; 
hta. He died ml 148 Bond Street, Lob- 
^D, aa '29 March 1859. H&rt puhluhed: 
1. Twenty-6ix llj-mns/ oMoqr -tto, for the 
ue of the congre^tion of Eteex Street 
QimI, 18i'0(f ) '2. ' AntboiiA,' dedicated to 
Ootch, 1830. 3. A ' Juba«te'bybim,witli 
I <Tc iJeum^* 1832, which gained the first of 
tlM j^uiy Gre^um prii«s (m gold medal) in 
Decaaha l^S\. 4. An oratorio, 'Omnipo- 
tcDoc* — first performed under his own direc- 
tion at the Hi.nover Square Roocu on '2 Anril 
18^, the cumpoeer conducting — puLlisUed 
in pianoforte ecore j Mendelsfohn was among 
the Babecrifaers. 6. ' Sacred Harmony/ a eol- 
Icetion of hTDUiB st-t to the mueic of varioua 
«nnpoaer»,inc]udinKK>nieof hi80wn,l^l(?) , 
6. ' Congregationaf Singing/ with chants, 

iai3w 

[Xiiucal World, xi. 188, 216; GeoL Ma|;. 
1S3S, pt. i. p. 645; GroTv'i> Diet, of Xosie, i. 
692 ; Uort s Mosic] L. 31. M. \ 

HABT, GEORGE VAUGIiAN (17M- 
183i),coneral,bom in 1753, wa« fifth in de- 
scent from General Henrj' Hart, military 
governor of Londond<;rry and Oulmorc forts 
in the »e%'enteenth century, lie became in 
1775 an ensign in the 46th foot, and was 
engaged in the American wftr. In 1776 be 
joined tJie forces at Cape Fear, North Caro- 
lina, and served as aide-de-camp to Majors 
goneral Vaughan in the nnBUCcewful attack 
an Charlefto^-n. He wss engaged under Sir 
William Howe in the battles on Long Island, 
and at the attack and captuni of several of 
the adjacent forta. Hitt regiment passed the 
winter at Aroboy, and was employ ra in escort 
lerrice. In the next year he sailetl in Lord 
Howe's Meet to Chesapeake Bay, and was 
pnevnt at the battle)* of Brondywine Creek 
<I1 Sept. 1777) and Germantown (4 Get. 
1 777). He was promoted lieutenant in 1777, 
And durinL' the following winter while ata- 
tionL'd at I'hiUidelphia was employed in the 
fortification of the town. He was present 
at the buttle of Monmouth, and afterwards 
joiDe*! in the expedition under Genenil Grey 
wlii'h deatroyea the stores and fortifications 
uf New Haven, Connecticut. Between 1778 
and 1779 Hart was engaged in active &or\'ice 
in the Wcit Indies. Jn 1779 he wos made a 
captain. Thu n-st of his military life was d&- 
Tol«l to »or%ic(! in India,where he was jiresent 
at the taking of Bangalore, at the three HJpges 
<ifSfrinaapatftm,aswelI as many other minor 
ai!kir«, inclnding the battle liefore Seriiiga- 
patam on 15 Muy 17(11, when liin horse was 
tiled under hiui, and that of T^IuUiivelly in 
1798. On the acquisition of the province of 
Canara in 1799 he was appointed to com- 



k 



Bandit. l%e jear belon h« liad beni 
m coioael, and after lus rettira bona ha ' 
placed oo the staff in Ireland^ and made' 
major-ceneral 1 Jan. 1805, and lienleaaat- 
genaal in 1811. He was alao commandflr 
of the oortbem district and gonrBor of 
Loodoodflrrr and Culmore. He rrpr ra cpted 
Donegal count V in parliament from "23 Oct. 
1812 till the diuolation of 1831. Hart died 
at liii Mat at KiideriT, Donagal, 14 Juno 
1833. He manied Charlotte, daughter of 
Jnbn Ellerker of Ellerker, in 17i*$, and by 
her had five sons and three daughters. 

[GcDt. Mag, lft33, ii. 180-1 ; Annual R(«ut«r» 
1832. p^ 308; CoIaoge'sGantteer of thelaitcd 
States ; Borke's Landed Gantry.] F. W.t. 

HAKT, llEXRY (/t. VA9), was author 
of 1. ' A Godly New »hort trvatvse instruct- 
yng every parson howe they Minlde trade 
theyr lyvea in the Imrtacyon of Vertu, and 
the shewing of vyce, and declaryng also 
whatbenefyte man Iiath receaved by cLriste, 
through tiue efl'usyon of hys most precyoua 
bloude ' (Robert St oughton), 1&48, l6mo, 
(Brit. Mu*.); flnd:i.* A Go<Uv exliortation to 
all such as profcsae the Gospell, wherein they 
are by the swete promises iherof provoked 
and styrred up to lollowe the same in livings 
and by the terrible threats feared from the 
contrarv/ London (John Day and William 
Sere6),l649, 8vo. 

[Ames's Typ. .Antiq. (Herbert), pp. Q23, 760 ; 
Brit. Mus. uud BodL Libr. Cat.] R. li. 

HABT, HENRY GEORGE (1808-1878), 

lieulenant-genernl, iiuthor, editor, and pro- 
prietor of 'Hart's .\rmy List/ belonged to 
iheold Dorsetshire family of Hftrl of Nether- 
bury. His father, Lieuienant-colont*! Wil- 
liam TTart (who served in the royal navy, 
Dorsetshire militia, 111th foot, &c.), went 
out to the Cape in 1819, and died there in 
1B48. Henry George, the third wn, bom on 
7 Sept. 1808, accompanied his father to tht¥ 
Ca^e, and was on 1 April 1820 appointed 
ensign in the 49th foot, then stationed in the 
colony. His regimental service was passed 
in the 40th. His suhiieauent commuisiona 
were : lieutenant, 19 July 1832 ; captain, 
1 Dec 1842; major,15 Dec. 1848; lieutennnt- 
colonul, 3U Mny 1856; colonel, 27 Dec. l&M); 
major-general, 6 March 1668, and tieutenont- 
gpnemi, 4 Dec. 1877. 

On joining the service Hart was remark- 
able for the apaiduily with which he applit-d 
himself tn his profession and his thirst for 
military* infonnalioii. At that period, except 
iuthevulumeffof PhilippurtV 'Koyal Military 
Calendar 'ofl8:K), then some time out ofprint, 
there was no collective account, otlicial or 
otherwise, of thcwar services of distinguished 



i 



[art 



60 



Hart 



officeira. Hnrt Uboriouslr compiled for his 
•wn mformation a largo nunibf r of iheee acr- 
rices from military lii^torieeand otlier sourcf^. 
Very meagre infonuuliou was theu afl'orde<l 
by tlie omcial army li«U. Hart ^dunlly 
added to hU own interleaved copies until, 
while yet a subaUera, he hod accumulated $0 
laree a maaa of infonnatton as to eugge^t the 
publication of an army list of hu own. Aided 
greatly by his wife in his UleroTT labours, 
Hfirt, in Februorv lt*UO, huviiig obtuined the 
appro valofihe military authorities, published 
the first edition of his ' Quarterly Army List.' 
It was At once faTOurablv rect-ivcd tiy the 

2U(M;n (ind the Dulio of Weflington, and other 
igh niithorities. Hurt wiuj allowed access 
to the official records of oIlicerH* Ben'ices, and 
in 1840 published bin first ' Annual Army 
List,' containing ftupplenientary information ; 
of intt^rest, in ndditinn to tbe content* of the ' 
^Quarterly,' lie also projected a military 
bioprnpliical dictionary, specimen pages of, 
which he issued, but never found time to 
carry out ihe work. From the first appear- ' 
•nco of 'Hart's Army List' to the present | 
day the annual and quarterlv volumes have , 
regularly appeared. The onginal form bas 
never been altered, although tbe book bus 
gone through two hundred editions. 

Hurt never allowunl bi^ literary avocations 
to interfere with his profe.H»ionnl work, and 
was an admirable regimental ofiicer. He ren- 
dered valuable services as n poor law inspector 
in Ireland during the famine of 1845-C. In 
]86<i, when in temjiorary command of iho 
depf'ii battalion at Templemore, by his mas- 
terly movements he suppressed a diingenins 
mutiny of tbe North 'i'lpiwrary militia witb 
VPTT litlle bloodsbed, and saved the town of 
Neiiagh from pillage. 

Hurt married in 1833 Alicia, dnuphter of 
the Hew Holt Okea, D.D., by whom he left 
a family, including thrct^son-s all nnw serving 
in Ihe army: Colonel A. Fitrroy Hart, C.It., 
1st battalion East Surrey regiment (tbe pre- 
sent editor of * Hart's Army Liet '), Colonel 
Keginald Clare Hart, \'.C., royal engineers, 
and Major Horatio Holt Hart, royal engi- 
neers. Hart died at Biarrile on 34 March 
1878. 

IRurkp's landed Gentry, 18S6 ed. ; Army 
Lwtn i Brii. Mu«. Cat. Prinwd Books : informa- 
fcion KuppUiid by Colonel Hart, CH , l!<i Kn^t 
Surrey RoginioDt.] H. M. C. 

HABT,JAMES(/?. 1033). physician, was 
bom probably l>et ween 1580 and lo&O, nnd, 
though hip pedigree cannot be traced, mot*t 
likely in Northamptonsbiro. In 1007 and 
1608, orperbaifs longer, he studied in Paris, 
and travelled in other p«rts of France. He 



afterwarda lived at Meissen in Saxony; 
IfllO was travelling in Bohemia, and went 
probably latcrtoBasle to complete ht««tudiea^ 
V-itber at Ba*le or elsewhere on the continpntl 
be tixik Ihe de^crree of M-D., and about lti]2| 
settleil as a physictau probably from the flrstl 
at Nnrtliampton, where he lived at least] 
tweniT or thirty years, aud apparently sue 
c*eded in practice. He never belonged b 
the College of Physicians (though that bodj 
licensed his chief work in flattering tenns^J 
nor to the Company of BurU'r-Surgeon'*. Hh 
was a strong puritan, an apjtellaiiun wbichha^ 
ad'ipta more than once in his writtnp"». 

liarl's principal work, * KAtvu:^, or tbe 
Diet of the Diseased* (Ixindon, 1033, foUo'l, 
though Httlo known, is of interest and value. 
This ' fruit of twenlr years' experience ' ij 
an attempt, quite in harmony with tbelUp- 
pocratic tnnfitions to prescribe the proper 
regimen and physical conditions in (liseatie 
08 well as in health, dealing with hea!th«^ 
air, exercise, and the like, though noteS 
with drugs. It had scarcely any ^n>run- 
ner in meHical literature since tlie da&sical 
times, and though the importance of sueUj 
matters iji» now generally recognised, it La 
had till quite ret^ently but few successor 
Its genenil character is that of a Icame 
compilation modified by common sen^r an^ 
experience. In copiousness of quotation i^ 
sometimes almost approaches Burton's *Ana--3 
tomy of Melancholy ; ' and tbe zeal displayed 
in refuting vulgar errors is worthy of "Sir 
Tlioraas Browne himself. In rationality and"" 
frcwlom from the tjTanny of therapentia 
nnitine it is far in advance of most medical 
works of the lime, and apart from its pro-l 
fe.H.sional interest presents iuRlructive picture 
of tbe manners and ciijitoms of the seven 
ternlh C" ntury. Hsrt's two other work 
(both dedicated to Charlps I when Prince o^ 
Wales) are entitled: 1. 'The Arraignment 
of Urines, by Peter Forrest, epitomised and 
1 ninghitod by JamccHart,' London, lt>23,4toj 
and 2. 'The Anatomic of Vrines, or the 1 
curid part of our Discourse on Urines,' London 
Itilifi, 4to. They expose the fullucies 
diagnosis by means of an examination 
urine at tbe hands of ignorant persons, anj 
attack thr(!e kinds of tresjtflitsars on tbe mfr _ 
dical domain, unlicensed quaclts, meddle- 
some old women, and above all, prescribing 
divines. Tbe British Mufieum copy of Ihe 
first of these works has bound up with it a 
manuBcript chapter, evidently in the hand- 
writing or the author, which it is said ' could 
by no means Ixs got to bu licensed;' it abo 
strongly denounces the ' intrusion of parsoiu 
. . . upon the profepsion of phisicke.' 

[Hart'a Works ; BriL Mas. Cat.] J. F. P. 



Hart 



6x 



Hart 



HART.JAMKS 



(16fl;l-[7i1>),miniKter of Tlis works are: I. 'The Opening of llnr 
i663, Atudif>dnt tbo uni- Unroasonablo Writinffof our IncIidhTouas: 



litVmbiirnh, liom in 1663, studied nt fbo uni- 
«.itVof Edinh^r^b,IlndgTacl^Qtod A.M. on 
I JuIt lrtS7. He becnmo luituBterof Kalhn, 
nr iStUnhiirpli, in July WJ^J, nnA ten rear* 
Verwards (19 Aug. 1702) was tninNlatt'd to 
Ireyfriar*' Church, Ediubuiyb, ax succesjtor 
iJilhert Kulf. During ibo <!arly y»«rs of 
I p[if(tiinite h« strougly ojjpnaedlbe I'nion. 
ilenoitnced Prinnipal \A illiam Carat area 
|. v.] fnim ihe pulpit as an enemy to his 
juntn,* and a traitor to the church. He was 
tJ-ilyreconeiled to the chnn(je in political 
iirs aft-pf the Unlnn woa effected, and in 
j#*l4wft* deputwlwith oth»'r»by the General 
Aawonbly to eoneratubite ( ieorjfe I on his ac- 
cession to the throne, td'orgo nominated 
him to the post nf king's almoner in 17:itt, 
and he died pa.«lnr of GrfyfriarM* Church on 
I Jane 1729. Wodrow describes him as *tt 
artby, good man, and one whose sep- 
aon* wer*^ much haunted. He was natu- 
rally a little warm and keen, but of consider- 
le pra>nty and pnwb'nct> with it.* When 
lecle visited ScoiJaud in 1718 be met H«rt 
liileeudeavourinK tobrinffabout aunioiibe- 
rixl t lie presl)yteriftn and eyiii4C0|ial churches, 
id WM much iinprefwcd by hi^*^in^uIa^and 
■iginol ebarai'ter. Thf cfintrost U'twi^i-n 
larlV iift'ability and benevuli'uet? in private 
ad Lia 6en>e dinlril)e8 in the pulpit a|:fuin.4l 
and the doom awaitinf^ tlie sinner at- 
noi«d Steele'^ notice, and be afterwards 
iferred to him a.** 'the hanffman of the (joB- 
Hort's published works wcm n f^rmon 
Btltled ' Tlie (^ualtficHtionK of Uult-n and 
Duty of Subjects deBcribwI,' Kdliibur^U, 
% and ' The .lounial of Mr. Jame.^ Harl. 
17U' (e^litt'd by Trineipal Lee, Edin- 
Drxbi I8.'W). He married, first, Margaret 
ivtngston, and secondly, Mary Campbell, 
whom he had thirteen children, nine of 
^hom survived him. 
[Haw Scott's Fasti, i. A% MO. 399; Aitken'* 
ir« of StoeU. ii. 154 ; WodroVi Aualtvta. iv. 
t; SterenmnV Hirtury; Cilib«r'» Lires of tlw 
eta. iv. 113; ChamlKTs's Domestic Annals of 
illaod.] A. n. M. 

HABT, JOHN (rf. 1574), orthogravbic 
ibrmerf entered the College of Arms at an 
rW a^ became Newbaren pursuivant ex- 
' iimtrv't *"^ w** created Chester- herald 
IWWI. Uq 6 Dec. 1.560,afti-r the aupprt-s- 
on of the northern reboUiou, be wasseutto 
oneasierby ly^nl Clinton with 2,000/., to be 
Blirered to 8ir Thomas (Jargrave. He al^o 
ok a further sura nf '-',00(1/, to Sir Kulpb 
Herat Xortbalb'rton. He died in London 
10 July 1(*74. On 8 Jnlj? ir>78 Mary, 
( widow, presented n petition to Lord 
Buighley. 



Unreasonable Writingof our IngliabToung: 
wherein is shewid what nt-cesmrilt is to be 
left, and what folowed for the perfect writing 
thereof/ ITwL Uoyal MS. in British Mu- 
setim, 17 C. rii. pp." 230. The work, which 
i'oncista of thirteen chapters, is dedicated to 
I'idward \'I. 'J. ' .A.n Orrhograpbie, conteyn- 
ing ibe due order and reason, liowe to write 
Of paiuTt; tbimage of maunp.'t voice, moifite 
like to the life or nature. Compoaed by J.H., 
Clifstor Hcmlt,' London, l.ltiJ), 8vo. Re- 
printed, mostly in Pittn&n's syatem of p]io- 
ntftic shorlhand, lithograpbed by Faaac Pit- 
man, London, 18.j0, 16mo, In this remark- 
able treatise he expounds a plan for reforming 
the existing ortbogruphy ot the Kngliiih bm- 
guflge on n strictly phonetic basis. Other 
early attempt.-* in the same direction were 
made bv Sir John Clieke [a. v.1, SirTbomoa 
Smith, "and Willium nuUoknr [q. v.] 3. ' A 
Mctbode, or ComfortJihle Regmning for all 
L^nlearned, whereby they may be taugbt to 
read English in a very short lime with 
pleasure, London (H. Denham), 1570, 4to. 
[Amns's Tvpogr. Antiquities (Horbori), pp. 
701, &3I, 1288; Casley'a Cat. of MS3. p. 207; 
GibwonV Bit.l. of Shorthand, p. 89; liulitt's 
Bibl. CollectiuDH aad Notest. i. 202; HaaliU'a 

Kaadbo(iktoLil«rature,p.2d7;Heber'«CbtAlogu(^. 
pt. i. ; Tht' Huth Lihniry, ii. 6Ad; Lowndea's 
Uibl. Man. (Ooba). p. 1000 ; Noble's CoUega of 
Arms, pp. 177. 187 ; Cab of State Papers. Dom. 
(1647-80), pp. 36-1. 694, Add.«niJa (l.i66-7fi). 
pp. 140. 152. 326-«. 461 : Tanner's KibL Brit ; 
WiiodV Atlunw Oxon. (Bliu). i. 636.] T. 0. 

HART, JOnN' (d. 1580), jeauit, wa«, ac- 
cording to Wood, educated at Uxfortl, though 
in what college or hall he oould not discover; 
bis name does not occur in theregister. Being 
dissatisfied with the established church ho 
withdrew to Douay, was reconciled to the 
Roman catbolie communion, and admitted 
into the English College there in 1570. Ho 
took the degree of R.l). iti the university 
of Douav in 1577, and was ordained prie4t 
on 29 March 1578. In June l/iHO he waa 
ordered to the KngUsb miiision, but was ar- 
rested as soon as be landed at Dover, and waa 
sent in custody to London to be examined 
by the privy council. He ww* committed to 
prison and confined in a filtby dungeon. On 
the day after (15 Nov. 1581) Father Cam- 
pinn'Hcondcmnation, he was tried with several 
other prie>;ts and condemned to death on ac- 
count of lii>i ^ttCfnlotnl character. Thi I Dec 
15^1 be was to hove been executod with 
Campion, Kberwin, and Briant, but when 
placed on the hurdle he promised to recant , 
and he was taken bock to prison, where he 
wrote to secretary Walsingbam the com- 



Hart 



6a 



Hart 



pl»'to act of iipo^tasy which h now preserved 
in Iho Public Rixtinl Office, ami liaa only 
Ifttolv bccomu kiuiwii (StnU Papfn, Dom. 
Elii.vol. cl. No. 80). W'hv he did not oc- 
cupy the place on the ImnlU* by Campion's 
■iao the catholic* of his day novcr Know. 
Within n sliort tirao Hart ivpenlcd of hia 
weakness, and at^in «tood firm in the catho- 
lic faith. Apcording to Cardinal Allen, Hart's 
inoihi*r visitrt! liim in the Tower, and she, 
'a ^utlewoman of a uobK' spirir, spoke to 
him in such toRv tonp« nf raartynlam, that 
if ahe found him Ijnt with the de«irit of it, she 
left him on fire' 

WaUingham gave iCart leave to goto Ox- 
ford ft>r thpi'o months upon condition that he 
ejinuld confer with John llainoldes or U('y- 
nold»i a ppoteatant divine, on matter* in con- 
troversy botwpon the Knfjliah and Homiui 
ohiirchea. Ilnrt acquittod himself with ho- 
nour, and Camden styles him * vir prae cittoria 
doctissimua.' The conference appears to have 
taken place in MtS^. DixIdMys it was held 
on very unequal tenn(4, as Hart was unpro- 
vi'led with books and waa labouring undwr 
gmaC infirmity cautned hy tht? rijrour of his 
confinement (Chirch HiMtury^ ii. 145). Ilart 
returned to WuUingham a« resolute in the 
catholic faith aa before, and wa» sent buck 
to the Tower. ("In the anniversary of the 
day when he should have died, his name 
rtiiltipears in ilJshton'e diary, ! Dec, lo8"i: 
• Jonn Hart, nricst, under sentence of death, 
was puninhea by twenty days in irons, for 
not yielding to one Kuynolds, a minister.' 
Six months later ho was put into the pit for 
the same offence for forty-four days. On 
18 March iri8:J, while in prison, he was ad- 
mitted into the Society of JesuB. Ua^lJan. 
1684-^» he atid twenty others, among whom 
"was Jasper Heywood [q. v.], were conveyed 
to Franco and banishetl the rwilm forever by 
virtue of a commission from the queen. They 
were landed on the coast of Nonniindy and 
were sent to Abbeville after sig^ning a cer- 
tificate to the effect that they had been well 
treated on the voyage (IIoLiNSHEDjC'Armnc//-*, 
lii. 1370, ISBO). Hart jnrocoeded to Verdun 
and thence to Home, His superiors ordered 
him to Poland, and ho died at Jarielau on 17 
or 19 July lo^G- The necroloffy of the ]jro- 
vince, howevi-pr, states that he died in l.lMri. 
'The Summe of the Conference bet wene 
John Rainoldes and John Hart, touching the 
Head and Faith of the Church. Penned by 
John Uainoldes, according to the notCJi set 
down in writing by t hem both ; peniacd by 
J. Tlart, &c.,' was published at London in 
1681, 4to. reprinted in 158H, IWH, nnd lti()9, 
and translated into Latin (Oxford, 1610, fol.) 
by Henry Parry, afterwiu^ bishop of Glou- 



cester. Dodd asserta that the particularR of 
the conference are very tmiairly given by 
Ilainoldes. 

[Addit. HS. £871. f. 58: CUy^s Litnrgiai 
temp. Kliz. p. G38 ; Foley's Becunlfi, vii. 338; 
FiillBr'.-* Church Bi«t. (Urowcr). r. 73 ; GilloV 
Bibl. Diet.; Lomboth US. 402; Mores Hi«„ 
Missioni!! AaKliennn Sue. Jrm, p. 138 ; Morris^ 
Trouhlra of onr (latholic Forefather!', ii. 28-3J 
69. 78. 2^4; Oliver's Jrtfuit CoUactious. p. 113 
Records of tlie Kogliah CathoIiei>, i. 426. iL 487 
Strype's Annals, it. 646, iv. 173, fol.; T.\nflrV3 
Bibl. Bnt. p. 382 ; TaQBcr's Soc. Jmu Am*t^ 
lorutu Imilatrix, p. 382 ; W'ood'a AlfaeBie bxoa^ 
(Bliss),!. 636, ii. 16.] T, C, 

HART, JOSEPH (1712?-1768\ inde- 
pendent di^*ine and h^-mn-writor, waa bom 
in I_/undon about 171t^, and was religiously 
brought up. After much /^iritual perturba- 
tion, extending over foui^«nd-twentT yeazv, 
he achieved his converaion, af^er hearinga sc^ 
mon on Itev. iii. 10 preachofl in the Morvviaoj 
Chap<?l in Fetter Lane, on Whit-Sunday, irr**" 
From the end of 176f) until his death 
24 May 1768 he preached regularly at Jev. „ 
Street Chapel, London, where he gathered ^ _ 
la^re congregation. He was buried in Bun- 
hill Fields. Twenty thousand people are said 
t<i liave listened to the funeral sermon. Ho^l 
left a widow and neveral children. ^| 

Hart published: 1. 'The Unreasonable- 
ness of lieUgiott ; b^ing Itemsrks and Anim- 
adversions on Mr. John \\'e8loy'a Sermon oa 
Rom. viiL 32,* London, 1741, lt?mo (aji ac 
parontly serious argument to prove that reli- 
gion not only receives no support from reason, 
but is diametrically opposed to it); and] 
'J. ' Hymns, &c., composed on various Sul 
jecls. With a Preface, containing a brief .-Vo* 
count of the Author's Fiperience,' Lottdon« 
1755). l;*mo. The hymns are of an ultra- 
Calvinistio tone. The preface haa been re- 
printed as * The Experience of Joseph Hart/ 
London, 1B62, 16mo. M 

[Wilson's Hist, nf Dissenting Churchos. }iE,H 
342-7 ; the Preface to the Hymns.] J. H. R, 

HART, JOSEPH RIXN,S (17W-18W). 
organist and compiler of dance music, bom in 
London in 1794, was chorister at St. Paul's < 
Cftthedral, under Sale, from 1801 to IKIO^J 
and during those years had lessons on thsj 
(^>rgun from 8. \>'e8ley and Matthew Cooll 
and 'III the pianoforte from J. B, Cramer. At 
the eariy age of eleven Hart often plaved as 
deputyiorAttwood,the organist of .St. haul's. 
In 1810 he was elected organist of Wali- 
hamstow Church, Essex, and joined the Earl 
of Uxbridgo's household as organist, forthree 
years. Hart was elected, afterseverccompeti- 
tion, organist of Tottenliam Churcli (Miadle- 



Hart 



63 



Hart 




sex). On the intnxluction of the quarlrillc at 

I^Aimack's by I^adyJereoy after 1815 (Grove, 

■■L 5o), Ilu-t, wlio was described ai teacher 

^^Ed pianist At private batia, began hia long 

faeries of adaptation)) of national and operatic 

airs to the fashionable dance meastires. His 

mOEt notable achievement wait the compila- 

I lion in 1nI9 of the tunes of the- Original 

^^Laxicenn, wliirh are i«till popular {ib. ii. 80). 

^^feom 1818 to 1821 llart was chorus-m&^ter 

pVnd pianist at the Engliah opera (Lyceum). 

and wrote the son^ for 'Amateurs and 

Actore; 1818, 'The Bull's Head,' * A Walk 

1 for a Wager/ 1819, * The Vampyrc,' 1820, 

I and other musical farcea and melodramaa. 

From 1829 until his death Hart lived at 

Hastings, where he opened u musicseller's 

shop, conducted a jtmall band, and played the 

or^an at St. Mary's Cbaiwl. Ho died on 

10 Bee. 1844 at Hutings, aged 50. 

Some of Hart's most succeuful quadrille 
were based on the mufiic of * Don Giovanni,' 
1818, 'Les Lonciers; 1819, 'Lea Hussars,' 
Locke's ' Macbeth,' ' Pietro TEremita,* 1822, 
Engliih melodiyp, 'Donna del Lago,' 1823, 
^Der Freiachiilr,' 1821, Irish melodies, and 
otch melodies. He composed forty-eight 
in all. He was aUo the author of some 
itxes and royal gallopade^. 'An Easy 
of Teaching Thorough Bass and Com- 
position' is ascribod to him. 

[Diet, of Mo«ii*. 1827. p- 3^3; Grove's Diet, uf 
Music, i. 693. ii. 89, Ui. 65 ; Siuwz Advcnisvr, 
17 Dee. 1844.] L. H. M. 

HAKT, PHILIP (d. 1749). organist and 
laUBZcal compoAer, was son of James Hart 
(1647-1718), a gentleman of the Cbapcl 
Royal, and chorister of Westminster Abbey, 
xoauy of whose sooga appear in Plnyford's 
'CoUections'from lft70 u. l«92,and who was 
buried in Westminster .Abbey on 5 May 1718. 
le son Philip was for upwards of tii'ty years 
ranist of bt. Andrew UndHrshaft and of 
. Michael's, Cornliill. He resigned his ap- 
intmeut at St. Michacrs, and on 28 May 
[724 was elected the first organist of St. 
THonis BackchuTch. Ho died on 17 July 
1749, at an advanced age, and after a long 
lUness. By hia will (dated 13 Oct. 1747. 
which waa witneasftd by John Kyfieid, appa- 
rently the oi^n-builder), be Itequeathed nis 
property to his nephew William, son of his 
brother, George Hart (a memberof ibeCtiapel 
Royal, 1394). 

Hart is said by Hawlnns to have been a 
Bound musician, but to have 'entertained 
little relish' for innovations. Hawkina also 
deficribea Hart's frequent use of the 'shake' 
m playing, and records how he waa wont to 
disooume music at Britton's in the company 




of Haiubl, PeptLsch, Woollaston, and othors. 
As H composer, Jlart was no more than re- 
spectable. His setting of Hughea'a 'Ode 
in Praise of Mustek' was perfonned on St. 
Cecilia's day, 1703, and published in 4to. 
The manuscript score, entitled ' An Ode to 
Harmony,' is now iu the Britisli Mu!<eum. 
Hart edited about 1720 in 8vo, 'Melodies 
projwr to be sung to ... ye Paalma of David,* 
antIpubU.'(he<l music to * The Morning Hymn * 
(from 'Paradise Lost') in 1729, 4to. " Hia 
other compositions were : 1. * Fugue-s for the 
Organ and Uarpsichord,' an earlv work. 

2. Anthems: ' [will give thanks/ and 'Praise 
the Lord, \t> Servant^,' in vol. v. of the 
Tudway Collection (Harleian MS. 7341). 

3. Many songa, including a * Song upon the 
Safe' Return of His Majesty King William,' 
written about l"00,and' Sound the Trumpet/ 
which was written X» celebrate the nuptials 
of the Prince of Orange and the Pnneess 
Ro^'al, 1734, and others, like ' Ye curious 
Wmds/ in Ilandelian style. Some of Hart'a 
music is in n manuscript "collect ion of ' Suites 
for the Harpsichord, Addit. MS. 31465 
(British Museum). 

[HnwbtDH'fl Hist., of Mnsie, iii. 734, 791, 825; 
Husk's Cplebrations of .St. Cecilia's Day, p. 63; 
Beg. of Wills, P. C. C. Lisle, 218.] L. M. M. 

HART, SOLOMON ALEXANDER 
(1806-1881), painter, wo-^bom at Plymouth 
in April 1806. He was of the Jewish race 
and religion. His father was Samuel Hart 
of Plymouth, who began life as a worker 
in silver and gold at Bath; he is mentioned 
by Bromley {Catutogufi 0/ Ent/roped Brititih 
Portraitg, 1793) oa a mezzotint engraver, and 
atudicd painting under Xorthcole in London 
in 1780. 

Young Hart was educated under the Rev. 
Israel Worsley, a unitarian mimnter. Father 
and HOn went to London in 1820; the former 
taught Hebrew andthe latter prepared draw- 
ings to become a student at the Iloyal Aca- 
demy, where howas admittedinAugust 1823. 
Togainhi-slivingandhelptoeupport his father 
bo coloured theatrical prints and painted a 
few miniatures. He commended e.xhibiting at 
Somerset House with a miniature of his father 
in 182(J. His first oil painting, 'Instruction/ 
was shown two years later at the British 
Institution, and was sold at the private view. 
Next year ho was an exhibitor of five pic- 
tured, but did not sell one. In 1830 he ex- 
hibited at the Society of British Artiste in 
Suffolk Street a more ambitious work called 
' Interior of a Polish Synagogue/ afterwards 
knoft'n as ' The Elevation of the Law ' (en- 
graved in the Art Joumai, 1851). This was 
purchased by Robert Vernon and bequeathed 




Hart 



Hartcliffe 



bv him with his other pictures to the nation. 
It was so attractive that Hart received seven- 
teen commiiisians, of which ha wiu onlyahle 
to execute three, one btiingatioinnttriiaii |)ic- 
ture for Mr. Venion, * English Mobility re- 
ceiving the (..Vimmuniou of the Catholic 
Church.' ' The Quarrel Scene between AVol- 
aey and Buckingham ' was in the Royal Aca- 
demy exhibition of IK34, where also was 
»hown ' Uichard Cceur do Uon and Saladin ' 
(183o]. Hart wttH elected an OMOciateof the 
Academy in 183^. Thu folluwiiiK year he 

Sainted 'SirThomas More receiving the Bene- 
iction of his Father.' In I63U he exhibiteJ 
a large picture of* Lady Jane Gn-v at the 
PUce oflier Execution on Tower n ill,' which 
secured his election us royal academician in 
1840. The painting remaint^ rolled up in 
hid studio until 1870, when he presented it 
to Plymouth, his native town, wbere ir is 
placoJiD the hall ofthe new municipal build- 
ings, lie wasoccupieil with aportntit of the 
Dukeof Sussejt in theuutumn of IB 10. Tliis 
wna exhibited iu the following May. Tlie 
duke advised him to travel, and gave him 
letters of introduction, llnrt left ICngUnd 
1 Sept, 184 1 , and visilod I taly, where he made 
many areliit-*.H:iiiral ond other drawings, ori- 
ginally intendwl for publirationoflaReriea of 
engravings. They weru ultimately uai>d ix& 
studioft for his pictures of Italian history and , 
oconery, amonu which are : ' Interiors of the , 
Cathe<iralB at Modena andPisa,* ' .-Vn OHering 
to the Vii^in,*' A Iteniiniscenceof Itavenna,' 
and' The Interiorofl he Baptist ryofSt. Mark's 
At Venice oh in 184^,' exhibited at Burling- 
ton House in 18j30; * Simchoth Torah Ke^ti- 
val' (1846), 'Milton Visiting Galileo in 
Prison '(I H47),* The Introduction of Raphael 
to Pope Jnlius.' There may also Ik* mentioned 
•TheThreti Inventors of' Printing' (1852), 
and ' The ('onference between ManaBsoh ben I 
Israel and Oliver Cromwell ' { 1 8"H \. \ 

In 1864 Hart succeededl t'. U- I^ealie as ' 
professor of painting at the ,\ciidemy. He 
held the office until 1^63. From I8l>5 to his 
death he act'^d as librarian of t lie iustitution. 
In spite of advancing years and foiling powers 
he continue<l regularly to exhibit, and his 
reputation greatly suH'enKl. His earlier works 
phnw great technical skill ond vigour of ex- 
^ pression. He was very ^inst«king in the 
' nechnnicnl and antiquarian accuracy of bis 
Bubicct«. Between 1836 and 1880 he ifl stated 
by Mr. Oraves {Dictionary (ifArti^t-f, 1884, 
p. too) to have publicly exhibited IHO pic- 
tuieSt <?li^7 Bcnpturnl and historical. He 
painted eg^>raul port raitii of jM!r«onsof his own 
faith; the best perhaps wa.>4 that ofEphraim 
Alex (1870), founder and first president of 
the Jewish board of guardians, Deronshlre 



Square, oity of l>ondoa. He will be best; 
nienibered for his connection with the librsr 
of the Rfival Academy, which he may be i 
I to have created. He devotwl himsidf to th 
I discharge of this duty with much skill an 
I unceasingdiligence * A Catalogue of Books iij 
the Libmry' was prin •'■'din 1877. Hart was cu 
ralor of the Pninfed I lull at Greenwich, an 
w«8 eVctetl by the committee of the Atb 
n:eiimCtiibtnl>v4o. He was very learned in ti 
history of the tine arts; he IiimI astningveino 
humour, an intense love for bis profeetfion, at] 
I was a high-minded and honourable man. 
lived a believing and ob.';«Tvant Jew. 
* Keminiecences ' (tnlited by A. Brodie, 1883 
contain some interesting ftorie«of the numetfi 
Otis artistic celebrities he had known. 
diu<l unmarried at his residence. tHi Fitzrov 
Square, l/ondon, II June l<S8l,inhis beventjM 
i>ixth year. His broiher, !k[ark Mordeeaf 
Hart, was an engraver. 
[Personal kaowlrdge ; ReminiaomoM of S. A. 
' Hart. ed. A. Brodie. TxHidoo, privately printed 
1B82, BOX. 8vo, with photognpn ; Jeviith Chru- 
uido, 17 Jnae 1881 ; Athenicum, 18 June ISBl ; 
Men of the Time, IQih oiiit. 1879, pp. 492-3; 
Br^-an's Uictionory (K. K. GruvBii), 1886. i. 629 ; 
O. Rtfdford's Art Silled. 1 888, ii. 60.] H. R. T. 

HARTCLIFFE, JOHN, D.D. (18,51- 
1712), schoolmaster, a native of Harding^ 
near Henley-on-Thames (Wood), woa edti>^' 
cated on the foundation at r'ton, and In 1667^ 
while still nt school, matriculated at Oxfor 
as servitor at Magdalen College. He is d»->^ 
scribed in the universitv books as aged 16, 
and son of John HartcUffe of Windsor. He 
did not go into residence, but entered as a 
commoner a few monthfllattf at St. Edmund'i 
Hall, in the foRowiog year was elected to 
King's College, Cambridge, whence he gra- 
duated B. A. 1672,M.A. 1670. becomingfellow 
there, and in 1689 proceeding D.P. In 1681 
he became headmaster of Merchant Tuylora* 
School through, it is said, the interest of hia 
uncle, Dr. John Owen. In the five years of 
his ma«tership he liad under his can< NVilliam 
Dawe6,8ub«equentlyarehbi.'«hopofYorJi;Wil- 
cocksjbishop of Rochester; PhuipStubbfl.thft J 
divine ; and KdmundCalamy.the nonconfor-^ 
mist historian. He resigned his post in 1680, 
and three years later endeavoured to pro- 
cure, through court interest, the provostshtp 
of King's. The college, however, succewfoJly 
resisted William IIPe attempt t« force upon 
them aprovost wb<Hn tliey themselves had not 
chosen. As some consolation HartclitTe waa^ 
made canon of Windsor in IHtO.and retainedfl 
that post until his death on B) Aug. 1712. V 
Between 1654 and 1(j95 IlartcUiTe published 
BcTenU sermons, among them being a * His- 
courae against Purgatory,' 1685 (attributed 



Harte 



fis 



[arte 



^^^. John Tillotson). Besides Ihut ht; trans- 
1 part of Plutarch's * Moruls ' (* How a 
I J^in tniiy receive Advantapf and Profit from 
; J"* Koeniitss,' 1691); but hU chiff work was 
I A Treatise of Mora! and Intellectual Vir- 
[biM,' London, 8vo, 1091 ; ilnd edition, 1722. 
(HarwDod's Alumni Eton. p. 268 ; Wood'it 
pttiimie 0x00. (Bliss), iv. 700; Wilniot's Life 
6rrTo(it;lt. p, oO; XiclioU'n Anccd, i. 63; Lyto'* 
tiftr. Kton ('oll«^e. 201-2 ; Rioiam's Magd. fcoll. 
1 Jsmiw 11 (Oif. lli»t. Soc. Publ.) 272.] 

C. J. R. 

HAKTE, HENRY HICKMAN (17fH)- 
1848), matbt*maiician, Ann of a.^olicitor, was 
in the county of Limerii'li, IrelantI, in 
fiM), He obtained a t^choLarsbip in ]H()9, 
A a fellowship ten years later at Trinity 
Bll«'|fe, Dublin. In IM\ Harte accepted 
college living of Cappajfh, dioce.sc of 
erry, co, Tyrone; and d'lvx] on Sunday, 
j April 1848, liaving preached on the same 
%y ID hLs chiirrh, where he was oUo buried. 
"irtewax iiulhnrofalrauslatlonofLuPlace's 
}yttteniedu Monde,' to which work he added 
Mathematical Proofs and Kxplantitory Utv 
rks/ Dublin, 18.30. He aUo {mbliHhfd a 
nalation of Poisson's 'Mfecauii|ue, with 
jFotes,* 2 vol?. London, 1842, Svo, and com- 
enced another of La Place's 'M^coniquc 
llette.* 

[Mfttricttlttt ion BcMik. Trie. Coll., DnbliniDtrry 
toe R«c. : informatioQ from Vcau Bymu, bu 
or at Cappiiglj. ] W. R-l. 

HAKTE, WALTER (1700-1774). mis- 
Ct-llnneous writer, was «on of Walter Harte, 
hn, & former fellow of Pembroke College, 
iitrd, was, at the time of the n?volution, 
Scar of St. Mary'i*, Tannton, prebendary of 
VelU. and canon of Jlri-Hol, hut u-ia nonjuror 
ftt all preferments, and died at Kinthnry in 
erkshirenn lOFeb. 1736. Tbcftin was bom 
1709, and vtoa educated at Marlborouph 
oar 8cho*jl and St. Mary Hall, Oxford, 
here he raatricuhiteil, aa 'son of Walter 
|»rt« of ChippinR Norton, Oxou., clerk,' on 
B July 1724, fl^d ITp. He pn^eeded B.A. 
in l72aandM.A.on2I Jan.l73l. He pub- 
ludied fay subscription 'Poems on several 
aions,' London, printed for n<-rnard 
inlot, 8ro, 1727. The volume ]» dedicated 
the Karl of Peterborough, and several 
ecea in it to different persona. Copies are 
ninnolly found with the date of l7J)i^, and 
' namn of Juhn Cecil inutead of Lintot on 
' title ; but this prohaldy was a remaind<*r 
Q^t at Untot'et wile (Lintot dit^din 17^7), 
Vrei-""-' ■'v'li iL new title-page. Ax p. t'l* 
Me line* to P(»pi_', which are 
■. > many e<litions of thepoet's 
workj^anij a quotation from them airongthe 
xxr. 



testimonJRB of authors before the ' Dunciad.' 
Whether or not Pope knew Harte bc-fore the 
publication of the poem? (from hi.s .^tub^crib- 
ingfor four copies it ta presumed he did), it is 
certain that they subeeijuently became great 
friends. In 1730 appeared Harte's ' Essay ou 
Satire, particularly the Dunciiid' (in verse), 
Svo. Pope, writ Ing of it to Caryll, l-Vb. 1 731 , 
says that it is 'writ by Mr. Hnrte of Oxford, 
a very vtiluahle young man. but it compli* 
ments me too mneh,' Mr. Khvin observes 
' the umise amounts to adulation.' 

Iul735HartepuhliRlied,wlthout his name, 
au ' Essny on l^ason/ in folio, Pojm writes 
to Caryll, 8 Feb. 17.35: 'There is anotherpiece 
which I mav venture to send you in a post 
or two, an l!.s«ay on Rea.'ion, of a serious kind, 
and the intention of which I think you will 
not disapprove.' KKvinsays: ' It is said Pope 
revisicd It. It is a close but lame imitation 
of the Essay on Sfan.' Harte in conversation 
said he luid often pressed Pope to write some- 
thing on the side of revelation, but he used 
to answer, ' No, no, you have alri<ady doiw it.' 
On 27 Feb. 17^7 he preached a sermon before 
the university of Oxford un 'The L'nion and 
Hiinnuny of Ui"a?ion, Murality.and Revealed 
Rtdigion,' which excittnl graat atteiitinn.And 
rapidly ran thniugh Ave editions. Objection 
was raised to tw<.f passages as savouring of 
Socinifini8m,and Harlo withdrew them. Ac- 
cording to I^lwin, Harte was at this time 
vicar of Gosfield in Essex. In December 1 737 
Pope writes to Holdsworth (author of the 
Latin poem 'Muscipuin') that Harte had 
ctmde»cended to stand for the poetry profea- 
sorship in Oxford, and bt-i^a Hnldsworth's in- 
tert'.'it in Harte'.s behidi. Wlicther Harte 
.'itood for the vacancy does not appear. At 
all events he was not elected. On Jan. 
1740 he again preached a sermon before the 
university on tue general fast upon the ap- 
proach of war. He wae» now appctinled vice- 
principal of St. Murj- Hall, and attained great 
reputation as a tutor. In 1740, upon there- 
commeudation of Mr. Rafter wards Lord)Lyt- 
telton, he wain appointe*! travelling tutor to 
Mr. Stanhope, the natural son of the Earl of 
Cheaterficdd, to whom that nobleman ad- 
dress<>d his well-known letters. Lord Chet- 
terfield constKntly writes in high tenna of 
Harte, Lord Mahon (afterwanls Karl Stan- 
hope) sara 'the clioice [of Harte as tutor] 
wfts not judiciouii^.or at leant not successful. 
' Mr. Hnrte*8 partiolity to (ireek and Latin, 
(}ennan law, and Gothic erudition ren- 
dered him rather remiss in other pointa. . . . 
Hart*', long uccuKtomed to college life, was 
too awlcw-ard both in his person and address 
to he able to familiarise tno graces with his 
young pupil ' (Maw, L^e tf Che$terjield}. 



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Hartley 



67 



Hartley 



* 



den {109a-I"Or»K lUinffwonh 0705-17), in 
Xh» pvi»b of littlifax, and of Annl«*,r, in the 
{Nirisb of L*«1j«, wliere he died in 1720. Hff 
BjarriedEwrel'lWatUworthon ISMaylTOi, 
br whom he had Eliza }>*>tli, bapluwd ou 22 Fi<ti. 
170!^,And[>uvid. Hisdrst wife was buried 
«o I-lScpt. 1 705. and he married Sarah Wil* 
Idnson on 25 Muy 1707, hy wboco be had at 
laurt four children. David is said fW^TBoy, 
HatifnT, p. 473) lo hare been brought up * bv 
OOP Mrs. BroaUfibanli/ Ue was sent to iJrad- 
fo<nl ^mmtnar.vchfxit, where he madea lifelonff 
friendithipwithaKrhooIfelloWiJohn Lister of 
Shibden Hall. afterwards first nuu^lerof Bury 
cnunmar school in Lancashire. (In 21 .\pril 
1723 he was odmilted ns an ' ordinary «iiar ' of 
Je»afiCollt*j:e. Cambridge. HefrniduatedlS.A. 
<m 14 Jan, 172tt, and wa^ admitted fellow on 
13 Nov. 1727. lie took his M.A. degree on 
17 Jan. 1729,And received college test imoniols 
<»n 8 Ocl, 1729. He was induced to pive up 
biatenUonof takingorderabT some»crupIe« 
'■Ugliing the articles, and became a phy- 
, although he never took n medical 
decree. On 21 Ft.-b. 1730 he n-ceived U-ave 
of absence from his college until the follow- 
ing^ Michaelmas; bat his fellowship was va- 
cated by marriage fay 8 June following, on 
jl^ich dav another election was made (infor* 
ion kindly given by the master of Jesus 
College!. Uariley practlwrd fip'l, it is said, 
at N*«wurk, and afterwanU at Bury St. Ed- 
munds. On 15 Nov. 17^) he tdU his friend 
Lister that h« has recently marri«.*d again, 
and settled in London at Princ^*'t4 Street, 
Leicester Fields. His M-cond wife hul a 
fbrttineof 6,500/., and every amiable quality. 
Bj his fint wife he had a son Dnvid [q. v.], 
•cren yeftrs old in September 1 7^8 ( Letter to 
Litt«r). During bis residence in London he 
was frvquently seen by John Byrom [q. v.] 
lie became an ardent supporter* of Hrrora's 
•harthnjid.in which imme of his later U'IIkts 
mre written, and a friend of the inventor, 
although his want of sympathy with IWrom's 
r«l>(ri"'i^ my.*tici.'5m and political loryism pro- 
Imhly pMvente<l u cluwr intimacy. 

Hsrtb^y was a firm beli»'Ver in Mre. Ste- 
phens's medicine for the etont;, u difiense fmm 
which he was an early sufforor. lie wrnfe 
two pamphlets in her defence in 1738, ond 
Ipod to procure the grant nfri.fXKW. voted to 
■ by parliament in June 17:^9 for the pub- 
ition of her secret. In May 1742 he had 
come to Bath with his family for the benefit 
of his wife's health, and decided to setile 
then^ permanently at a ' ploaRant house in 
thic New Sfjuare' ([..etters to Lister, 26 May 
■nd 2ltrc. 1742). HarlleTremainedotBath. 
and diwl there on 2» Aug. 1757. 1I« K-ft 
i«tie by hi« cecond marriage. 




In ■ letter of 17 May 1747 be says that 
his wife has 1,300/. a year by her father'^ 
will, and that his son by her will inherit 
2,000/. a year,, now in lh« hand* of tniste*^. 
He is oblige<l to continue at tiiii prTtfe««ion 
ill order to proviile for th** son by his firel 
wife, who has just gone to Oxford. Hartley 
appears to have b«en a man of ^inguhir 
simplicity and amiability of chamcter. lli^ 
son tell* us that h^* visited poor and rieli 
with equal sympathy, and consoled their 
minds while he comforted their bodiw. He 
was of the middle site, well-proi»ortianed. 
■<K\X h regular features, an antmatetl expression^' 
ami * peculiarly neat* in |)erson. lie wi 
on early riser and methodical in all hi>t' 
habitA. He had a wide circle of acquaint- 
once among men of letters and science. 
Among his iriendswervBishope Butler, Law^ 
and Warburton, and Dr. Jortin. He was a 
fellow nf the Iloyal Society, ond known to 
Dr. Uulett, Smith, the master of Trinity C'd- 
leg«,and toHooke,the historian. He ^t udied 
mathematics at Cambrid^ under Sander'on, 
and was eoff^r in promotmg the fiule of San- 
demon's '^gvbra both before and after the 
death of the author. He was also much iti- 
tcre«ted in mu^iic, poetry, and liistory. 

Hartley had devoted his leisure to philo- 
sophical inquiry from on early periocl, S<H>n 
after 1730 he had heard that the Her. Mr. 
Gay, A fellow of Sidney Stimtex College, liad 
a«Mirled the ' possibility of deducing all our 
intellectual pleasures and pains from aJ«ocia- 
tiun.* Uav published h\n opinions in a pre- 
face to Law V translation of. \rchhiAhop King's 
' Origin nf Evil.' In 1735 Hartley toldListcr 
that ho had rid himself of every doubt as to 
the truth of religion. He aften\'Brds pur- 
sued his theological studies, examining espe- 
cially the chronology of the Bible, ond reading 
the early fiithers, though chiefly in transla- 
tion. His correApondenco shows a strong 
religiout* feeling, although hcwaaadecide.<dra- 
t ionalist in principle. He tells Lister ( 1 2 Df^c. 
1736) thot be hos finished 'two small tr-o- 
lises about year and u hal f ago,' colled ' Tli>> 
Prngretis L'» Happiness deduced fmm rejison/ 
find start ingfrom the principle of ii-<mocintion. 
In 1738 he had enlBrp'd hix plan, and con- 
templated an * Introductiou to the HLstviri- 
of Man' in four parts. He sent rough drafta^^J 
of thi> first two parts to Lifter in that Tear,^^H 
ond afterwards n?plied to Lifter's critici8ms«^^H 
dt'fendiuj: his nwn doctrines of detf:nnini^<m 
and universal happinf9««, and condemning 
Butler's d<>ctrine of rv.Hi'ntmejit. He kejit his 
papers by him, and uUiuifttelypublislied iIk-iu 
m theWginiiitigof 1743 as * Observation.^* on 
Man' in two parts. Hartley's chief aim, HUo 
that of most of bis coDtemporariea, was ethical, 

P 3 



Hartley 



Hartley 



And lie tWfCumet in a verr int«r»«liii(r way 
tbefrrafliiflldeTelopincni of pure benevolenc** 
from thn iiimplvr paxuuns. Il« coiaricitHl 
with tliB iniit*^rtftlUU ia BO (kr as be explalaiHl 
all mental phunnmena upon the hyp^tocAis of 

* vibrati uncles,' or minute nervouB vibrations, 
but energeticaUy denied ihat his optjuons 
reallvinvolrrd materiali'im.andiraaannoeTV 
andfcrnrent Christian. Prie»tl»?r,whocorre- 

I spoDded with biin jtist In-forv Ins death, wax 
anent]iti8ta4ti<.'8dmtrer,andpul)Iii>hw) in 1773 
an abrid^fui^it of hifl great work {'Jnd edit, 
in l7Wi, omitting the thoorr of vibrations 
iM involving obMuHty, though inclining to 
^ftcoept it ai truo. Hart lev '^ influence upon 
lalwr Kn^lish ethical writers of the empirical 
achool vtan verv great, and he anticipated 
mont of their nrgiim*n(* in n>garil to iLwocia- 
tion, a principle to which hn gave a width 
of iipplicAtinn previouslv unknown. Cole- 
ridge, in bin * ReligiouA Mutiing^,* calls 

Hirtlvy. of mortAl kind 
Wiiitit,, lie 6nft who marked the ideal tribes 
DovT) tbo fine filirea from' Lhe seaticot brain 
Hull vulitly surging. 

The name of Hnrtlwy Colpridge ri>jitifies to 
iho )Mime e-arly, though .Mnon abandoned, en- 
ibusiaam. Hartley*)* book refb<ct.t hit singu- 
larly amiabb) character. 

Ills work-H are : 1 . * Some Reasons why the 
l*rw!tice of Inocnlation ought to he intro- 
duced into thi/ Tiiwn of Burv' (st present 
Bury St. Kdmunda"), 1733. 2. 'Ten cfljwa 
of I^orsons who have taken Mrs. Stephens's 
Medicines. . .,'1738. 3. 'A View of the 
present Kvidene*) for and against Mrs. St«- 
phenft's AredieinuA* (mentions 1.5o casos, of 
which his own is the 153rd). 4. ' De Liiho- 
triptico a Jonnna Stephens nuper invento 
disserttttio epistolaris,' Leyden, 1741. Tothe 
second edition ( Hut h,174<i)ar»' added a Latin 
epistleloMeadipuhlisheilseimratelyin I7r>| ), 
and 'P()nj*H^tune (|iiH'dMui de seii»ii niotu el 
ideanim general ione/publisbed also in I*«it'» 

* MetaphyMical Tracts.' 1837. A second edi- 
tion of liie ' (Observations on Man' app*'ar»»d 
in 175'1, with a portrait of the author and life 
by his son David, who is separately noticed, 

(Corrospondonco with Lister, kindly communi- 
cated, wilii cstracta from pAri«h re^'istcm, by 
Mr. T-i«ter of SLibdeti ilull, Halifaa; Life by 
Son prefixed to 1791 edit, of* Obserrationa;' 
A\'atw)n'fl Hist, of Halifax (this is repeated in 
M'iDthly Review, ill. 106). In Monthly Review, 
liii. 380. liT. 4"'^, Iri. 82, nre conremporary cri- 
ticismi! of Priestley's edit.; Byroin's Diaries 
fChdhaoi Sf)e.), vol, ii.; Uul«'rwe({'HHiftt.of Phi- 
loHophy fKoghfth trarihlatioD). 1874. pp. 386-8; 
Unit's Life of PriMlley. i. 24. nod frequent re- 
fenucos ; Notes and Queries, 6ib ser. vii. 227.1 

L. S. 



HARTLEY. J»AVID. the vonng*r( 1732-1 
IKIS). fitatc_-iman and scientific inventor, soaf 
of Ihivid Hartley, the philosopher [q. v.]^l 
m.itriculutt'd ni (-orpus Chriftti College, Oi-J 
ford, tS April 1 747, aged 15; proetteded B,A, 
14 March 17A0, and was fellow of Mertoa 
College until bis death. He bi?came a studenb 
of Lincoln's Inn in 1739 ; and toon met Ben- 
jamin Franklin in London, who became hift 
tntimntf friend and correspondent. He n?- 
prH^itti.'d Hull ill parliament from 1774 to 
I7^,and fvtMo 17H2-4, and attained onsider- 
able Tvputation ns an up[><meut of war with. 
Amrrira. and of the African slave trade. It 
wiuj nroWhly owing to his fri^-ndship with 
l-'ranKlin. and to his eon.<tisteJit support of 
I^rd Itockingham, that he wan seleeted by 
the government to act as jdeuipoteniinrv la 
Paris, where on3i?ept. 1783 he and Franklia 
drviv up and signeilthe definitive treatv of 
peace between <irt*ut Hntain and the United- 
Stales of North AmeripA. He died at Bntli 
19 I>ec. IBia, in his eighty-fourth year. Uis 
portmit v.'Bn puinted bv Itoranev and ha4 
ne^n fngruvi-d by .1, W^nlker in niejuotiat. 
"Wraxail says that Hartley, • though dcwtl- 
tut« of any personal rt'rommendation of 
manner, poisessed Mme talent with unsullied 
probity, added to indefatigable perseveranca 
Hnd labour.' He adds that his speeches were 
intolerably lone and dull, and that 'hisriMng' 
always operated like a dinner-bell ' ( Mtmoin^ 
Lii. 490). 

Hartley's writings are mostly political^ and 
set forthtbeftrgmnentsoftbeextremeliberala 
of his time. In 1 7tt4 he wrote a vigorous at- 
tack on the Bute admiulstmtion, ' inscribed 
to the man who tbiukit himself a minister.' 
The tnost important are his ' Leiters on tb» 
AmerieaiiW(ir,'puhlished in London I778and 
I77i>,nnd iiddwsjied tohiscoiistituents. 'Th» 
road,' he writes, ' is still open to national 
reconciliation botwiwn Great Hriloin and 
America. The ministers have no national 
object in view . . . the olge<^t was to esla- 
blish an inttuential dominion of the crown 
by menns of nn indt»pendent American re- 
venue nncontmlled by]iarliiiment.* Uese«kit 
thn.)iigbaiit to vindicate the nnposition to the 
war. Ill 17ni lie printed at llatlin sympathetic 
'.Vrgnmeut on the Krencb Revolution,' ad- 
dreRsed to bis pnrlinmentary electors. la 
18f>0 a nuinbt-r of Hartley's papers wen* sold 
in London. Six volumes of letters and other 
documents relating to the peace went to 
America and passed into the collection of 
L. Z. Leiter of Washington; others are in 
the British .Museum {Addit. MSS. L>3206 f. 
77, 24321 f. 4). In his last years Hartley 
studied chnraiRtry and nioclianics. In 17HI> 
he published 'Account of aMethodof Secur- 



I 



I 

I 
I 

I 



Hartley 



69 



Hartley 






ing Buildings ind Ships affBinRt Fire,' br 
pUcin^ thin iron pUnk» under floors and ol- 
tarbinptUem to theceiliiigH.panly toprevent 
immpdintp ucctMw of the fire, partly I0 Hlop 
ihp frt* supply anil rurreiit of tiir. llebiiilt 
a boiisr onFalriey Heath to verify the etti- 
cacy of hu tnveation, and on the occasion of 
K 6re »t Richmond House, *J\ Dec, 1791, 
wroten pRinphU-t ureingtheinlueof liisfirt>- 

iiUles. Hartley edited Ub? father's woU- 
mown *Ob8<.'r%*ation3 on Man,' London, 
1791 and (with notes and additions) 1801. 

[KoQtcr*e<AlamniOzon.; Gent. Mng. It! 14. pt. i. 
fiio: Stanbope'4 ilist. Ti.207,vii. 89,20B; MarthA 
J. Limib's HiBtory of New York, ii. 26h )v\t]. ; 
l%r»n«j t'»t. of EngTuTed Porlraiu. vol. ii. ; ihc 
Private Corrvspoudi-nce of Ueojaiuiu Frankliu, 
•a. by W. T. Krmnklin, Lonil. 1817. Invol.ii.aro 
]lartl«y'i) letters relniing to iho pearp ; WiB«or'« 
Hist, of Atn*>rii-H, vii. 146, 162, 166, viij. 464 ; 
Higelow'A Lifr* of Fmnklin, paMnm.] R. R A. 

HARTLEY, Mas. KLIZABKTH (17ol- 
1W'J4), acttvss.'tlie (Iftuphtor of James and 
Kleanor AN'bite of Borrow, Soiui rset, waa 
lK>m ill 17<'i), and mmlti Imt apjieanincc! 
•t the niiVDiArkt't under Foote, aMurn- 
ftbly in 17ti9 ait Imolnda in ' Oroonoko.* 
After playiufT in the countn-, she made, as 
Monimia in tlie * Orphan, ' her first oppear- 
nnce in Kdinhurgrh, 4 Dec. 1771. Gnrrick, 
who had h^ard of her n-inarkable b«'auly, 
cunimii««ioued Moody, the ai-tor, la report 
upon her. Under date ^ti July 177:^, Moody 
write*: * .Mrs. Hortlev i"« a g<r>oi\ fig-ure, with 
a faandAome, ^tnall fnco, and very munh 
i^ecklrd ; her luiir red, and her neck and 
«lioulder!< well turned. There is not the lea.-it 
harmony in her voice, but when forced (Which 
ehe never faiU todooueveryoccasiion") is loud 
and slmng. but i<iicli an iiiartieulat4> gabble 
that you iuiu>t bt; well acquainted with her 
part to understand her. She i.s i^iorant atid 
etubborn. . . . She has a hu^l>nnd, a precious 
fool, that &lie heartily despises. She talks 
JuKioufily, and ha.* a elovenly good noture 
about hbr that renders her prodigiously vul- 
gar '( f»arnVA^ Corre^p. u 476). In spite of 
Kheev drawbacks Moody counsL-lled her en- 
gagement at Drury Lane. It xvas at Covent 
Owrlen, however, that she appeared, 5 Oct. 
1772, an. Jann Shore. In the 'Town and 
Count ry Maoazino ' for 1 772, p. .Mo, it is said 
eoncemtug her d6but, 'ahe la dt-M-rvinff of 
much jiraiHe, hor figure ii eleff&nt, her coun- 
l^nancc plea^in^ and expressive, her voice in 
cpneral melo*liou« (!(, ond her action just.' 
fchr remained at Covent fianlen playing 
jinncipally in tragedy, and was tlic original 
I^lfrida in MawjnV tra(H-'dy, 21 Nov. 1772; 
prvllonain .Murphy'*'' Alxuma,' 23 Feb. 1773; 
aond in llull^s ' IIcoi^- II,' 1 May 1773; , 



Cleoniceiu lloole'splayofthatnome,2 March 
1 77o ; Kvelina in Ma-ion's ' Caroctacus,' Dec. 
1776 ; Isabella in * Sir Thomns Overburv,' 
altered from Savage, I Feb. 1777 ; Miss >i'e- 
viHe in Mnrjihv's 'Know vour own Mind/ 
22 Feb. 1777;'Kena in ' /luthred,' 8 Der. 
177H ; ,lulia in the 'Fatal i'aWhood ' of 
Hannah 51rtre,(! May 1770; and Ladv Frances 
Touchwood in Mrs. Cowley's 'Belles Strata- 
gem,' 22 Feb. 178(). Among other characters 
she plaved were t^ueen Catherine, Lady Mac- 
beth, flermione, Man'ia in ' Cato,' Olivia, 
Cordelitt, Desdemona, Queen Margaret in Ki- 
chnrd IH, Cleopetro in 'All for Ix^ve,' and 
Leonora in Ihfl ' Uevenge.' At the clone of 
the season of 1 779-^ she left the stage. SIih 
died in King Street, Woolwich, 1 Feb. 1824, 
leaving a fair eatatc, and was buried, 6 Feb., 
under the name of White. 

tienest sny?: 'She waa a very beautiful 
woman, and a go<jd actress in parts that were 
not bi'vond her jK>werij; her forte wns tender- 
ness, not rage ; her personal appenrancc nmdo 
her pe<*uliarly well (jualiHed for such parts as 
I Elfrulannd iCosamoiid.' She was a favourite 
subject with Sir Jusliua Reynolds, and ap- 
^ pears as au example of female beauty in many 
of his pictures. Three paintings are profosseJl 
\ portraits of her as Jane 8hore, as Ca1irita,and 
asa Bacchante respectively. Her laiauty ap- 
pears to have btien remarkable ; (iarrick de- 
L-kred thai he never saw a finer creature; 
, Boaden says that Sir .losbua does noi do her 
I juHtiee, and add^: 'Thenuthor<v"inld not have 
wishfid a morH perfect face nnil form than this 
lady poswrSMKl upon the stage ' ( Lt/f ofSid- 
do}iJ>, 1. ItH). Xortbcole haa praised her e.'c- 
ceptioual beauty of figure and colouring. 
lA'slie and Taylor say that when Keynolds 
complimented her on her beauty she 84iid, 
* Naj'. my face may In* well enough for shape, 
l)ut sure 'tis as freckled ns a toad's bt-lly.' 
She was very reticent, and n^fused in Inter 
years lo gratify those who sought particulam 
concerning her early life. She is said in the 
'^[acaroni Magazine' lo have bi'i-n the ori- 
ginal of Conway's ' Venus Victrix.' A por- 
trait of her by Angelica Knuirnmnn and ono 
as Andromaciie in t he ' Dist rewed Mother ' by 
Sbenvin are in the Mathews colh'ction in the 
(iarrick Chib. Mewotint engravings of her 
by \V. Dickinson, after J.Nixon, as Klfrida ; 
by It, H(i!istMn.aft4'rII. D. Hamilton. 1774 : 
by ( i. Marchi, after Itcynolds, 177.'t, with her 
child; and by J. K. Sberwin as Andro- 
mache. ]7>*2, are mentioned by Bromley 
(Cainfwptf of J^nffrarrd BritUh Portrat'ftf 
p. 1^). An account of u quarrel coiicem- 
mtf her Wtween Sir Henry Bate Dudley, 
who married her sister Mary, and a Mr. 
Fitzgerald is given in Phillipa's * Public 



Hartley 



70 



Hartley 



Characters,' viii. ^521. Bv her will, dated 
l>r> Jan. 1H24, and proved 25 F«b. 18J4. she 
left 100/. to the Covcnt Garden Theatrical 
Fund. 

[Works eitocl ; Genwit's Aecoant of tlio StAf;^ ; 
MrtrnItairH LivM of Actors ami Acln'jis4!ii ; Nisw 
Monthly Mnffiizine, 18i4; Noteg and Qu-ttcs. 
7th »f>r. rol, viii. pafsim ; Clark KussoM's Ri- 
|tmriiLstJrc Actorf.) J. K. 

HARTLEY, J A .M KS ( 1 74r,-l 799), Indian 
nflitwr, wna bnm in 174->, and entered the 
militBry service of the Bombay prusidenrv in 
17U4. In l7Wi he tix'k pnrt in exjiedittotis 
flcralriist the jiiratical 9irnnt:hi"ld.'«of Hairinnti 
Malwan on the ooaftt of ilnlabar. ity 17t;H 
he hod reached the rank of lieutenant, and in 
4_>clobi?r 1770 he woBUJade aide-de-camp to the 
jrmernor of Bombnr. I !e supt^rin tended the 
(li will burkiit ion of tbodctarliment iRhichtook 
Boroach in Nov<»mber 1772, and in July 1774 
he waa raised to the rank of captain, (uid re- 
CHived ihe commund of the fourth battalion 
of Rombay st'poys. 

The intenb*tin^ part nf Hnrlley's career 
Iwfjins with the first Mahmlta war. In 
Februarv" 177r) he won sent to coHijierarewitli 
Colonel Keoliriff in tiiizenit. Hut tlic rJenjfnl 
povcmment put an end t** the war in the 
-ViifTii!*! foll"winp, and Hartley, with thereat 
<»f the Englie^h forces, n-tiirned lu Uombtiy. 
Three years Inter hostililief were resumed. 
The IlfimbHy noveniinent now sent nn army 
to the Konkan, with orders to march acmM 
the (ihaiiU^ on TVinali. .\n advane»*d party 
of flix C(impniiie« of pn-nndier su-jioys nnder 
Captain Sti-wart first look posBewion of the 
TJhore Ghaut, where they were joined by the 
main army nnder Colonel Charle.s Kg;erton. 
Hartley had 'l>«'n oflered the jHist of qnarter- 
moRter peneml to tlie army, but he pr^ffpr^ed i 
to take bii^ yilac-e at the ht'a<! of his hattiition. 
On 4 Jan. 1770 Captain Stewart, a man of 
conf^pieiions (jallantrv, was killed in a skir- 
mi.sb at Karli, and Iluriley wus appointed 
to succeed him in command of the tiixcnm- 
panioe of grenadiers. On Jan. the Enj^lish 
army continued their march, end reached 
Tullypaom, only eiph teen miles from I'oonah. 
Bill John (."nnmc [q. v.], the civil commis- 
nioner with the army, liecami' ahirmed at 
the increjisingnumlx-rs of the Alnhrnttn!*, end 
detenuiniKl on a retreat. Hartley strongly 
resieled this proposal, but was oremiled, and 
the rutrt'ot iK'g-an on 11 Jon, Hartley's re- 
aen'C was dirwted to form the rear ^ard. At 
daybreak on 12 Jan. ihc Muhrutta« asctailed 
the retreating onny in Btrong- force. The 
main energy of their attack was directed on 
the re»r. 'The eepoys were Ihoroiig'hly de- 
moralised, and it wa.<« only bymeanft of ajwr- 
ftoiutl address from Hartley that they wure 



in 
litt 

tvfl 



hindered from whola^iale df^erttons. But, in 
opite of the condition of his own men and thtt 
superior nuinbcrB of the enemy, Hartley (iu8*i 
tamed the ronfiict with such skill that thf 
army was able to make rood its entry inti 
Wai^um. Hartley in X'ainproteated a^ains 
the convention of Wargaum, by which tluB^ 
J'lnglish. in return for the surrender of theifi 
ally, Jtug-hoba, were allowed to retire un- 
molested. On his arrival at Bombay in the 
sprlnjy of 1779, Hartley was universally re- 
garded as having saved the Knglisb army: 
^m nnnihitation. He was raised in thoi 
rank of lieutenant-colonel, and wa« appointed 
to tho command of the European infantry on 
the Bninbuy etttabli.Hhment. 

In December 1779 Hartley was sent wit 
a email tletachment to act under Colon< 
Thomas Uoddard [q. v.] in Oujterot. He I 
Ihe storming party which captured Abm' 
dnbod (in IH Feb. ensninff. On S May, how*! 
ever, he was recallml to Bond«iy, and ei 
trusted with the duty of securing the Korikai 
i.e. the district between the Ghauts and 1h«: 
8oa,froni which t he Bom bay frovernmeni dre 
their .tupplie..<i. On 24 May he defeated and 
di^jHTfied a party of Mnhrattas who hud be- 
pieged the fortified post of Kalli an to ihe north- 
east of Bombay. On 1 Oct. another attack 
of the enemv from the same direction wa» 
c-rn^hed at Afullungurh ; the BhoreUhaut, ft 
c*?ntral point of the monntain-chaiii, exactly 
opposite Bombay, wfl.< strongly guarded, ans 
the Konkan efFeetnally secured to the Eng«' 
lish. In November lioddard,in defen'oce Is; 
the wishes of the Jtomboy presidency, fonne^^ 
tho siege of Ifa^sein. Hartley, witb about 
two thoiwaud nten,wa*directe<I to maintain 
a position on the east, and »n prevent thu h 
Mahr&ttrix from nti^iug tliesii^ge. On 10 DfC^H 
a determined attack was made on Hartley'*^ 
entrenchments at Itortgtiur by twenty thou- 
sand Mohrnttos. After a severe conflict thft ^ 
BBsailftnta were repulsed and tho garrison n^l 
Bassein surrendored. ^M 

Hartley continued to net as military com- 
mandsnt in the Konkan when a despatch 
urriveil from London acknowledging his ser- 
vices but declaring his recent promotion as 
lieutenant-colonel informal. Hisfiirtberpro- 
motion and pay as a lieutenant-colintcl were 
to be suspended t ill those who werv liis senior* j 
shonld have been first promoted. Hartlen 
quitted the anoy deeply hurt, and in I){>cem-1 
bor 1761 started for Knplond to lay bis aui» j 
l)efore the court of directors. Tho latter re-J 
fueeil lo muke any concession, but ultimately \ 
recoramendtsl him to the king, who gavVj 
him the lieutenant-colonelcy of the 76t' 
regiment. 

In April 1788 Hartley retumttd to Indi%| 



^ 

^ 



r-vteUusTegixueotf and wuaj^oiDted quart er- 
* nuter^enenl of i\w Hombay army and a 
member of the military board. On tLe out- 
break of war with Ti]i])oo, sultan of My^re, 
in KSK), Hartl«y receivKd command of a de- 
jitacbmeut sent to the cx>a£t of Cochin to aid 
|4be company's ally, the Uajah of Trnron- 
icore. In May Hartley received orders to 
linTcst ralghatvheri, uu important fortresa 
Sominatiog the pass which lead^ through 
;weat«m Ghauts into Mysore, <->n arriv- 
• vilhin forty miles of th« place Jlartley 
heard that it had aln^dy siirn^ndi^r('<l. He, 
hou*»>T<:T, continued hi.H mandi, and occu- 
lliiud himself jHirtly in coUeetin^ suppliue for 
|.the main army at Trichiuupoly, and portly in 
ratchini^ any movement ot Tippoo's troops to 
tiho south-wost. On 10 Dec. be inilieted a 
cnuhinR^dcfpaton vastly superior forces under 
HtuseiaAUiTippoo'sgi^neral, at Calicut. The 
raonant of the heat en aniiy yvm pursued to 
Perokhif where it burreiKU're«l, and that fnrt- 
Kms was occupied by the Kngliah. 
In Jajiaary 17VH Hortley advanced tf> 
eringapatam, but the siegu was eventually 
tpoDed,and the Ik>mbay troopH retired to 
Junniinore. L>n the renewal of the Bie^ iu 
Cect-mber 1791 Hartley, who was acting 
ader the immediuto command of General 
obert Aborcr>.imby [q. v.], again started from 
[Jannanore to join the main array. Ue reached 
tic camp on 16 Feb. \7'J'J, and on '2'2 Feb, 
part in defeating a sortie specially di- 
l against Abercromby'a position on tiie 
side of the forln^M. Ponp^ was om- 
iloded on t?o Feb., end Hartley, in recogni- 
oa of his local knowledge, wa<i made com- 
• of the forces ta the south-west pro- 
i e«ied by Tippoo. 
On the outbreak of war with Franco in 
1793 flarlley held command nf the expedi- 
tion wliirb cnitturiHl the, F>encli s^ttlenient 
of Mnh6in Malabar. In March [704 hewa.s 
amoled toibe rank of colonel, and returned 
' a time to England. In May 1706 he waa 
de a major-general, and apjioinled to the 
kfi* in India. He retumea l<> ]3nmb&y iu 
797. lo addition to h'm military rank he 
; now made a 6uper\-i8or and ma^ri^trate 
'the province of Malabar. In I71H) war 
ain broke out with Tip]K>o, and it was de- 
termined to attack Sttringapatam in Htrnng 
lorro from east and west. The Bombay army 
lender General Sluart, with whom Ilartley 
PVaa aEaoci4tc}d ts second iu command, mua- 
^tend Bt Cannanore and set out across the 
moustuns nf Coorg on the nearest road for 
inppoo'a capital. On fi March the advanced 
rujd of three »epoy battalions under Colonel 
Hoatreesor at Se«da«>eer waa aiM^ailed by a 
diTiaion of tho Mysore army. Hartley bad 



ok] 
Dorth 



ICgOlE 



gone forwanl early in the morning to recon- 
noitre. He was thus the firj*t to perceive tlie 
serious nature of the atlack, and, after send- 
ing a message to (leiienil Stuart, remained 
himself witii the beleaguered battalions. .\8 
the main bi>dy was at Seedapore, eight milea 
olT, the advanced line was compelled for six 
hours to maintain itaelf against oven%'hciniing 
numbers. At last Stuart came up with rein- 
forcements, and Tippoo's army retreated. 
ITiis victory rendeml possible (he invest- 
ment of Seringnpatam from the we*lern side. 
Hartley was pntsent at 1 he storming of 
Tippoo 9 capital on f> May 1799. He then 
relumed lo resume his civiidutieainMalabar, 
but died after a very short illness on 4 Oct. 
1799^ at Cannanoro. 

[QraoT-ImrsHist.of IheMahrjUtas; Wilka's 
llist. of Mysore; Dcxlwelt and 3lil««'« Alpha- 
bi'licAl Li!*! of llie Offieora of iho Ititliaa .\rmy ; 
Philipparl'ii I-jw>t I mlia Military t'alernlKr; Mill's 
Hist. i>f Britinh India.] Vi. P. M-V. 

HARTLEY, JKSSF. (I780-18(K)). civil 
engineer, was bom in 178<)in the North Hiding 
of Yorksliire, his father being' bridge-master 
of that district. After boiug apprenticed to 
a mason he succeeded his mther as bridge- 
master, and soon evinced a natural bent to- 
wards engineering. He was appoint(-d dock 
surveyor IB I.iverjiool in 1^24. As e^ngineor 
under the dock trust of that fifirt, Hrtrlley 
for the last ihirty-six years of his lif^^ altered 
orenilndy reconttrucled every dock in Livei^ 
pool. Hartley w.asfllsopnginccr for the Holton 
and Manchester rnilwavniid canal, nnd con- 
auUingengint-er fortliel)eebridge ui Chester, 
which Thomas Harrison (1 744-1 H2i>) [q. v.] 
designed, and which wa? completed iu 1833. 
In Liverpofil llurtlev was noted for his devo- 
tion to his work, ann fur the simplicity of his 
life and mnnnen". Ho died at Itout lemarsh, 
near I,.iver]RMjl, 24 ,\ug. 1800. 

[.Ann. Regi»t4"r, 1860; Lirorpool Dally Post, 
2rjAug. IS60; Lirorpoul Mercury, 2 J Au(j:. 1800; 
Tiroes, 26 Ang. I8«0.] R. K. A. 

HAHTLET. THOMAS (171)0 M7e4). 
translator of Swedcnborg, son of Robert 
Hartley, <» London boukseller, was born in 
l^ndon about 1700. He was educated at 
Kendal School, and at the age of sixteen was 
odmittcd as a t-ubsixnr at Si. John's College, 
Csnibridge, graduating B.A. in 172R, M.A. in 
174.'). In 1737 ho was curare at Chiswick, 
Middlesex; in 1744 he became rector of 
W'inwick, Northamptonshire, and held the 
living till his death, though apparently non- 
resident after 1770. His early connections 
were with the evangelical school rfprewntcd 
by Uervey (his neighbour in Northampton- 
sliire) and Whitetield, but bis admiration for 
mystical writers comes out in hts ' discourse 



Hartley 



7» 



on Ht«(akee cooccnung religion^ eotlia&ium, 
ice.,' crcvfixed to bU colUctcd wrmon^ 1754, 
awl iMdicaled to XaAj II untinsfdon. and ap- 
paara fturthcTderelnped in & millenarUn trm- 
ItM;, ' rnndiae Heatored ' (I't^h includ- 
ini; » ' dr^feDCQ of tbe mrctic whUfn against 
Warburton/ wliich W*eal«j prooouncra to 
}iH ' in(feniott# * but not ■atiawtory. With 
f-tiwfedculwiiy Itb acquaintance began about 
|17(^. Id that year Swedenborg wfote him 
I letter, decliaing an oSisr of pecimiary aid, 
~ mvplTing aatobiognphical jNUticulan. 
le riaited Swedenbonr at Cold Bath Fields, 
in company with AVilUam Cookworthj [q. v.] 
In 1770 be publijtLed *A Thcosopfaical Lucu- 
hratiuu on the Naiure of Influx,* &c.,b<fin^a 
Iraiinlation of jswwienb'irg'*' * l*e Commercio 
Aniuiievt (.'orporiji/ ]7tiU. It wa« in reqnnae 
tobi»'ninri|UMlion«'ihatSwedenborgtoefly 
formuUU'd hiv vii>w of tbe doctrine of tbe 
Trinity. In 17'!^o appeared bis * Qusstioncs 
>iovt<ai Av Trinitote ... ad E. Swedenborg 
Ipropoeitie . . . turn ilUus responsa,'&c., Bvo; 
TolloWL*d bv an KngLiab vtinsion,' Ninetiufriee," 
A:c., 1"K(, J^vo (appended to editioaeuf Swf- 
lit-'itlxirg's* l>oc(riuc' . . .nf»pectin([ the Lord'). 
IliirlUy pnid frequent visits to Swedenborg, 
but wben .Swedeiibor>.' wnt for him in hi* bwt 
illnpHs (-MarcK I"":*) be 'did not embrace the 
onpfirtuiiilv/ l/i bu great aubaequeni regret, 
llir ruviMMli and wrote a preface for Cook- 
wortby's trumtlatloD (1778)of .Swedenborg's 
* I>e Cltlo . . . et de Inferno,' &o., 17o8. A 
Iptter from bim to John Clowea [4- v.] if* in- 
•ert*-d in ibr prefwf to lli« tninKlaiiiiu (1 7^:11) 
nf Swi'tlenborg''* * \'era Cbrisliaiia Keligio,' 
&e., 1771. W itb fhe organised societv for 
prr)pftgnting the doctrint^ of SwedenlKirg, 
utorltHi in 1783 by Uobert Hindmursb [q. v.~, 
lit? bnd no cunnvctioD. i>urin(; some part of 
bm lift? Ik- rewidi'd in Hertford, but from the 
I'arly jMirt of 177:^ be lived at Kn^t Mailing, 
K«tt1,u}iere beilit'd on 10 Der. 17H4, ag»'«l "o 
(fir/if. Maij. 17h.*i, p. 70 ; iind Aurora, I KM), 
ii.:i''il; iHJtli ^ive tueage wroufjly ). He had 
(roHAiderable learning uud wrote wtll. 

In (idditionlotlu'worltsulreadv mentioned, 
li^publiitbL'd varioUHM>rmous,aDil' God'.sCori- 
truvuray with tlie Niitioni:>,* Jtc, I75(J, 8vo. 

fOrft.ltiati riinTitbr. 219; Sci.tt'» Diary, 180tt. 
Tnfi'riiMimitnlnn;{T<inL'rl(utidcii,1830. p[i. 177 !*4'' 
lH7<*i|.,2.'l(Ja<j.: Smil boon's nocanirnlacuim^ruing 
Hwi'drDfX)r(t, imi, I'p. 21 sq., 3o K). ; WnltoDs 
?(<»!«» for o Hiographv of Lnw. 18o4, p. 1-58; 
Wlnt«j'8.SwwiL'nborK.186T.i.320.ii.lS't.J8a.5«fi. 
fi92.&c.: TyL'rnirti.s Wt«t.|.'y, 1870. ii. aiBuq.; 

(Tyermau'a l^xforJ MDthutiiata, 187^, pp- 260 k|.; 
«xtract from AcJoiifttifin K<Mik of .St. Jntin's <_'ol- 
IcKo, Ciuiibndg''. per It. K 8coit. h«j. ; inforina- 
tion from the Kev, W. H. DiBOfj. Winwick 

■JUictory, Itugby.] A. O. 



Hartlib 

HAKTUBv SAM I EL (rf. 1670 r ), friend 
of MUtctt, va« bom toTmrd.'! the cln*e of the 
iixte«Dth eentarr, probably in Elbing. In 
a letter which he wrote in IGtiO to Dr. John 
Worth ington, the master of Je«us College, 
Cambridge, be nya that his father waa a 
Poliiib meTchantfOf a Camily originally tM^ttled 
in Latbuania, who waa a pnAeitant and fmi<- 
grated to Pnunia to escape the peT««:utioQ of 
the jesoita. The fiiK and aeoond h ive^ of his 
father were * Polooian gratlewomcn,' but the 
third, the mother of Samuel, appears to bare 
been tbe daughter of a wealthy English mer- 
chant of Daotitg. Hia own statonents show 
that he came to thii oountry aboat 1 6l'8, and 
became nominally a merchant, ' but in reality 
a man of various bobbies, and conducting a 
general new« agenoy.' Sucb was his life in 
1637, but even then he probably engaged in 
educational plan» aUo. He introduced tbe 
writings of Comemu«L, and lu^ charity to poor 
scholars wn^ so proftue that it brought him 
into actual want. In 1644 MJlton addressed 
to hiin his treatise on educ«tton; the pam- 
phlet i« full of praide of Hartlib. In the 
eame year he was aummoned as a witness on 
an unimportant point against Laud (Laud, 
Wurka, ix. 314). He published a great num- 
ber of pamphlet* at this time upon edtica- 
tion and industrial matters. In 1640 a pen- 
sion of loo/, a year was conferred upin him 
by the parliament for his valuable works upon 
husbandry. Evelyn describee a visit to bim 
in lOoJj {Diary, ed. Bray, t. 310), and sayv: 
'This gentleman was manler of innumerable 
curioaitiea and Teryoommuuicative.' A let' 
ter to Boyle (13 i^lay 16-V<) mentions his 
' very great straits, to .<aT nothing of the con- 
tinual (almost daily ) disbursement for others.' 
All the time he was carrying on an cxtcn- 
sivecorre^pondencewithliterary men, both at 
home and abroad. He was living at one time 
in Axe Ynrd, where, no doubt, he became 
ficquainli?d with Pepy*, who (Several timefi 
mentiottji him, hifiHon, and hi& daughter Nan. 
Hifi letters to Royle indicate that be was 
in bodily siiHerint;, ujid Worlhiugton's diary, 
where huiafrequeullv mentioued,8bowstbKt 
money was forwardi-'l tn him from his friends. 
The ]jarliument poid hU nimsion irregularly. 

In the first vearof the llestorutinn, llartUb 
wrote to Lord HerVrt, wm of the Jlartjuiaof 1 
Won*-e*ler, aliotit his'iiiust distressed and fo> 
KHken cfmdilion.' Ho jjetitioned the povem- 
nwM for (lid, but )iis relut ions with the repub* 
lican party pnibRbly nn>vented their reci^- 
nition. \i^ iip|>eani to PHVo resided at Oxfonl 
during tlie letter part of his life, and to have 
been lulimately acquainted with the small 
group out of whicli grew the Ibiyal St)cietT. 

In a letter to Wurthlngton dated 14 Feb. 



I 



I 




Er-E- a -i»- ^ri^!- un-r -a.'*; ai- ^7t_ -- ?~ -rr . t: :. 









<- ifLTi! r. :z 11.- .1^ 

t't-rjl^r-i --Tjrr 1.-- 

I'vT 1 3.--- 

J ■"•**•* « jLlb - 

1.— -a:n'-- 
K-i^j-- ■:' jL.u"L.-^u L.'^. 1'-=.". -' 









El.- .-—■j.-iia."- 3 -i»'-- 









fr :i"i:-r li-.i -' . lai-'i-j'ui'. l*.,^ •=' . * i. 

&-■ T" *.#;~rT . J,"ri:L.""IlX L ^ Tir^l •■ ■ Ul:^ — 

an'i>^t*r">;i;r-'.4- .. :- -A'' ri.:::ji-. - 

of Mr. J 'riL-An.^-': =i^.-« Si-1 . : Ijiir:t- 

stj'.Lnj :?jt ' »rjhAr.** Ctt . . .' JCc.. lti.>-'. 4::. 
1:/. 'CliiTU A{">c4lyj.:io*, or A l*r:'j'rit*:.^A- 
Kevby wLicL Th- jrrat MTsitries in :hr Ke- 
% elation of Si. J*>La and the Pr.^j.ht-: r»aEitl 
are op^nwl,' A:c.. l''-",l. Svo. 13. • An InTen- 
tion of Knjrin»f5 i.f Motion latelr brought to 
l*erfi-cii">n/ i:c. i 4, * An Essay for Advanc*^- 
ment of lIiu>ban<lrT Learning, or Proposition* 
for tliK errecting a Colledge of Iliisbandrv,* 
16oI, 4to. 15. 'The Reformed Husband- 
Man, or a brief Treatise of the Errors, Defei'ts, 
and IncoDTenieneesof our English II»8b&ndr\' 
in Ploughing and eowing for Com/ &c., 16oi, 



1'^ Xf " >r' .. T-L- : ' -J — .: -* -:, :' V V.-. '■ .■■■.5.' 
liLr :c. t :.!.■;.'■; .■: Vr:.r.?- j.t.-. t7.":^ v.-: .-■■:" 



T - -:.r IvA Ar; r^S^ 

t: Trlr.lTT C V.:^. ^'a-.-V: _ 

be dec'.ir.tv. :*^ ir*^ :V.t\^;u;^ tV.f»^;\v'.;Av\ iviv 
nior.vo:'adm;**:v^:'.;«^thodi^i;7xVx''t!V \ .su.lin 
acivr^iaiuvwiih s sj^s'-.al jirs.'i^WNSisl uhsui- 
m^>u5lv by th,* !t*M\.t:o on '_>' J.-»u, lM^.», tho 
viftM^liam-oUor ailmiiitsi Itim to tho di'^ov 
wilhout eninUniufr tI»o I'orui of wonU \\\ 
yoking the Trinity, towhii-h llrtr|oj;obi.^'ied 
He won the !^^^^Mu! Smith * |tri»i» iniimMinlrly 
afterwanls, but the exiMcuoo of ii>hf:io)M 
tests nrevenli^l him fn>nt oltorni^ bnitKolf it<i 
a candidate for ibo fellow *\u\\ n( hin eoUtvo, 
which usually rt'warded (hi>M>nior wnm^b'r. 



lartopp 



74 



Leaving Cambridge li»i held for ft ahort time 
a p<i'*t in th« tn'tisiin- ; and subseqiienrlT en- 
l*TtHl llie office of Mr. (now Lord) Thrinp, 
psrliaraeutary drauglit^man. In Irtfii* Sir 
John Duke (now I^ord^ {.'oU*rid^^f, aoliehor- 
geoLTol in Mr. Ciladatoiie'a firsl ministry, in- 
troduced a long-prom iiM'd hill fnr the aboli- 
tion of religious tffitA at the univi'rsitie^, and 
quoted ilarto^ACiue in support of his argu- 
ment. Many other reference* were made lo 
Hartog'Adi»ability in liie succeeding debates. 
The commons piuaed the bill in 1B61^ twd 
]B70, but the lords rejected it on both occa- 
sions. On a March 1871 Hunojjwa* exa- 
miniHl at length by & select ir«immiltee of tlu; 
llousu of Lonlx, appointed to consider the 
4|U«il ion of univumjty testa, and presided over 
liv I^ml Siiliobury. llis evidence made con- 
fiidvruble imtireiwiOD, The bill was po-wt-d by 
the House of Lords in Mar, and reci-ived the 
rovul oKiwnt 16 Junu 1871. L'uforliuiately 
Hnrlog divd from emallpox three duvn lat^^r 
(10 June) before be could benelil by l1iu new 
IcgisUtion. 

[Time*. '21 Juno and 22 June 1971 ; Jewinh 
lU'evnl, 8 I'Vli, 1809 (quotitiff Ciiinbridgo Chro- 
nicle and Manehp^ftiT (Iiuirdiau), and 23 June 
1871 ; Jewinh CiiruDicli\23 June 1871 : MnraiKM 
Einiiiriit lBme]ir.c9, Diilndolphin, 1880, pp. 
119«|.; Haawrd'n Pari, neliat*-?*. vol. 194, pp. 
1043. 10.>1, rol. 21)1. p. 1210; Rop-irt wi" the 
IxirJs' Si-li'cl Committee on Uuircrsity Tests, 
IB/l.pp. I3I-8. 337-1 S. L. L. 

HARTOPP, Sir JOHN (1037P-1722). 
nonconformist, born ahtjut \6^7, wa« tiie only 
Hon of Sir Kdwaril 1 lartopp, hurt., of I'reeby, 
l^iceslcrshire, bv Mary.unutfhtvrof Sir John 
Coke, knt., of Midhounie, IJi-rbyshire. Uo 
fiuccotided as third banuiet in 1668. Jly his 
marriogv with Klizabetb, daughter of (^^'barles 
IHeetwood [q. v.], he inhcriti*d tliL* btltor's 
kouscnt Stoke Newintrton, Middlesex. When 
in London, of which lie bi^cnmt' tin alderman, 
he attended (he jndepi-ndcnt ra*niting-hou»e 
in Li-'adu-nhflll Street, over whiiHi Dr. John 
Owen presided, and C4mlinued a nu-mbftr 
under sueces»ive ministers until his df'ath. 
Ill e&rly life he usetl to tjike down in short- 
hand the di«cnurst*8 of f«mou*t preachers, that 
he might read ihein to his family. Thirteen 
sermons nf John ( iwnn, pnisorved in this way, 
were published by Ilurlopp'a grand-daughter. 
Mrs. Cooke, in ]7oO. ilartopp represented 
Leicestershire in the parliaments of Ui7rt-i>, 
1679, and 1680-1. lie ccnlouslv supiwrtid 
the bill of exclusion in U>*1. In the next 
reign he was heavily finnd for U'lnconformity. 
He di»*d on 1 April U:.'-*, npfcd b.i, and was 
buried on the 11 th in Stoke Newingloo 
Church bi'sidc his wife, who had died on 
9 Nov. 17U. Isaac Watts, who resided with 



the llartnpps for five years at Stoke Xe 
ington, prt'achrNi their funeral sermons. Bj 
will llartopp left 10.000/. for the instructi« 
of youthfor the dissentingministry; but " 
heirR, taking advantage of a defect in I 
conve'yanc<*,oppropriQledtht'biMjm'.-it tothfin^ 
selve*. Xeany one halt'of tht; Icjfucy, how-' 
ever, wa.s eventually restore*!, and applied to 
the use for which it was nrt(7inally designed. 
Tlortopp appears to have had a IJimily of four 
sons uud nine daughters. Ilis son and suc^ 
CQiaor, John (1C80 .^ 170:? ), in whom the titkfl 
became extinct, ostisted Lady Mary AhnejrS 
in erecting a moniiineat over Watty's r^ 
miiina in Bunhill Fields. ^ 

[BibliotbecJi Topo^rraphica TtritSTinicJi. No. i 
p.'IA; Willium Uulonwu's Stoke Nusriogtoi 
pp. 78-81, ICS-O; Walter Wilson* DioMnti 
Cliurchf«, i. '2Q^, SH. ii. 310; 13upa(^ and U«< 
Dftt'a Ilibt. uf Dimnitiirs, ii. 241, 382. 407-i)g' 
Watts'i Funeral S«rrmons: Profnco to J. 
Jones's nprioL of J. Owtn'e Uso of riiith, 1851 
Burke's Eitinct Baronetcies, 217.] G. O. 

HAKTRY, 5LVLACUY, nlSnt .lOH? 
(/*. Iti40), bagiogmpher, a native of Watei 
ford, wag educated at the Irit^h college 
Lisbon, «nd became a monk of the order 
Cit<*aux in the abbey of Palai-uel in Spai 
Hartry **ubHet[uently joined the Cistercian* 
in [relnnd in their missionary labours, and 
endeavoured to investigate the histoiT 
the Irish brivnch of the order. Some of tli 
materials thus obtained he transmitted t 
the Cistercian hist^iriogrupherB on the 
ttnent, and they refer to liiin under thd 
name of 'Arlry, natione HilK'rnua,' lie 
appears lo have ivmuined in Ireland till 
ltir»l , and lo have died soon after in FUnde 
Two unpublished Latin works compiled _^ 
Ilnrtry are extant in the archives of the sett' 
of Cosiiel. They are tu one volume, writtcft 
on vellum, with illuminated title-page and 
coloured drawings. The first is entitled 
'Trinniphaliui-hnmotogicudeciiMiobtoSanctg^fl 
('rucisrtiii'rionlinisCisterciensisin Hilwrniu/^ 
and is dated I'UO. It cnniprises an account 
of the et^tnblishnient of the Cistercian abbey 
of Holy Cn>!«! in Tipperury, with niiliccs of 
its relics and admiiunlnitorB (cf. trnnscri 
inDrit.Mus.Addit. MS. 31>579>. Tliosecon 
manuscript gives an account of CisterctAn' 
establishments in Irelnud, mainly copied fio: 
Sir James Ware (cf. Chnrhilarifs ^f 
Mfinj'f AMiey, Duhlhi, Itolls S«t.. I8S4). 
de.scriptinn nC llarlry's compilations, by t 
author ofthe present not ice, will beimblial 
by the l^yal Commission on Ilistorii 
Manuscripts. 

[Archives of th^ s»e of Cushel; Mt-tiologium 
CiBtoroieiu«f, Antwerp, 1030; Hibliutheca ScrifH- 
t«nim Ordinis Ciiterciensii, Col.-AgTipp. 165d^ 



iU_ 





Hartshorne 

Vkics WriUrs of Inilnnd, 17-16; Procec^liaps 
of Boyat Iruh Aradi>nir. ISSft.) J. T. Cr. 

HARTSHORNE,* CIIARLKS IIKNHY 

(lW2~lbOS), antiquftry, born at llrosclev, 

Sliroji»hire, 17 Mnrcli IBOJ, waa the only 

child ijf John Hartshonit;, innimti-'-tL'r, and 

»mp from a family I'mg ttL-ttl'-'J iit JJn*fley 

tnd Hf'ntliall, Hv was t-clufaied at Sbrewe- 

biirr Srb>x>l, and enten-'l as u pt-naioiKT ftt 

St. John's Cdlleg-eiCnmbritlgB, in 1821. He 

grmdualed B.A. in 182.'*, and M.A.in lKl»H, 

•i»d U ISi^i wuH invit«d by Iiis friend the 

Etri of Uuilford, who bad beim aiipoiutiHl 

* »rch(in ' over the iinivtTsity uf Corlu,to ac- 

^wpanjr him lo that island. He travelled 

t*"*""!!:!! Ituly and made a tour in the L<^vant. 

It* WM be returned to England, nnd in the 

lollfiniiip year wiifl nrdninetl. Hftfl.ilionie 

^« cwmfB nt Bentball, Sbro]i(ibire, fn>m 

I^25tolsi)><, Hud (Vom 18J8 to 1 y^fi at Little 

"en!(-Ji-Ji in tbe sanie county. After pflMinpr 

'"■fi vcufH nt l^-nniinpt^n be took cbarffe of 

W'.' p»M«li of Cojrr'nboe, Xortbomptonsliire, 

from ItctM till \HM), when he was presented 

y rtio cmwn to the rectnry of Holclenby in 

J»' uuae county. He vms bonnniry chaplain 

loFfuneif and William Kuiwell, Keventli and 

•"^htb ditke<« of BedfonI renjwctively, fel- 

I w^'nf the Sfiriely nf Anliqimrie^^.and a inein- 

Ihrrof the liinburvbe Club, Hedied suddenlr 

»f JJoIdt-nby on 1 1 March i8Uu. In 18i*8 be 

tnarried I'Vance* MarjrunHta, younger daupb- 

rUr of the Uev. Thomu? Kerricb rq.v.l.|ir!nci- 

■■J librarian of the university of ('ambridgv. 

iIan*borue published: 1. 'A (ieyfteffor 

Newe Yere, or 8 ployne, ples^annte, nnd 

ratbewaie t<i the lUack i^'tlur 

Kniprinted over the grete (taiu- 

aiucte Jbonnen CollemV \H'2t*, e 

bliogmpUicuiypH if tijirit. of which only ten 

pies were printed. 'J. *The Book Rarities 

r the University of Carobridfre,'l82t>. 3. *An- 

lent Mt'tricul Talcs,' I82i;i, pniistnl by Sott, 

■who refers to it in the 'IntnHluction' to 

* Ivanhoe,' 4. ' Sepulchral Ueniains in 

1 iiD|itnn9hire,' 1840. o. 'SalojMa An- 

or an Knijuiry into the I'^arlv Uemainfi 

Mix and the Xortli Wclnh llipptlers,* 

I- '(iloRsary of the Pmvinoiid Dia- 

(L ......iishire.' IWI. O. 'Hislorical Me- 
orittl«i»r Nortbuniptou,' 18-18. 7. '.\Ieinoir8 
iMtrafiveof the History and Antiq«itie«of 
ortbtitnherland,' 1858, a valiiahlecnnlribu- 
m to the hifttory of the borders. He con- 
iributrd nn article upon *Tlie Ijiliii PlayH 
ncUfi iK-fure the ('nivcrsily of Canibridpo' 
lolbe' KeIro*peclive Review ;' and was a 
frefjiient writer in the ' Arcbeeolojrical Jnur- 
ttt\.' Mia nrcbmotogical papenc deal with 
the architectural hintort- of mrdiirvnl towns 
andcAStlca; Tonous inediicTat parliaments; 



Hartwell 

the royal councils of Worcester; theobBequina 
of Catherine of Arranoii ; early runiHint* in 
the great isleof Arran; the itineraries of FA' 
wards I and If; nnd domestic nianner^i in the 
reijfu of Kdward I. lie was also author of 
papers on the drainage of the New Valley, 
and euhjects connected with social science. 
[Privjitc information] A. H-B. 

_HART3T0N0E, JOHN', D.D. n054- 
1717). bishop of Perry, third son of Sir Stan- 
dish llnrl.ttonge, biirt., one of the barons of 
the exchequer in Ireland, was bornnn 1 Dec 
10->l nt Catton, near Norwich. Having re- 
ceived his parly education in (^'barleviUe and 
K iUienny whooU, he pntertid Trinitv t'-ollujje, 
Dublin, on iiO May 1071', under tln/tntorKhip 
of the Rev.Thoma« Wallia (Entranf-)' Uoohiy 
T. C. D.), ami f^niduaied B.A. in IG77 and 
M.\.\n\i}Si)(Tovit, Cat. (if DitblinGi-aditafrA^ 
p. 258), I'Vora LKiblin lie removed to Oon- 
ville and f'aiua College, Cambridge, 19 .lune 
167C (Coilrt/r Aifmutgiun ii»mJi), and then* 
took the degree of M.A. in 1(180. He waj* 
alsoforayearatGlaagow Univeraity. On his 
return in ItJSl from travelling on the conti- 
nent he wa« elected n fellow of GonvUIe 
and Caiua College, and soon after, having 
meanwhile been ordained, he woa apnointeil 
chaplain to the first Duke of Ormonde. On 
the duke'fl de-ath in 1S88 be became chap- 
lain to thn Kecond duke, M-hora he atteiuled 
in hia first four cauipaiffnx in Flnndent, 
and to whose tufluencu bt.' was indebted for 
bis subsequent iirefermenis. On 'lA June 
1684 he was collated to the archdeac'jnry of 
Tjimerirk. and m archdeacon be was attainted 
by King Jamess IriHh parliament of ltJ89, 
unih-T the nunie of* llt-nrj' Harstnmg.' Ho 
wflji promoted to the bjxboijric of (_^sory by 
patent date<l 8 April lli'j;!, nnd at ihe mime 
time he received the degree of ]>.l>. by di- 
ploma from the university of (.)xfohi. From 
<>35ory he wa.*i tmufilnted to Derry, by pat«ut 
dated 3 March 1714. He died in Dublin on 
30 Jan. 1717, and was buried at St. Andrew's 
Church. Ilisletters to J.Ellis(imH-1704) 
are among Brit. Mus. Addii. 5ISS. 28877- 

[Sir James VTaro'i Works, wL Harna, i. 431 ; 
Cottons Fiwti Eccl. Hib. i. 407, ii. 282. iii. 322, 
v. 168: Bbhop Maat'^ Bi^t. of the Church of 
Ireland, ii. 46, 2(18; Archbisihnp King's State of 
Ihc ProtcstAHta of IrvUnd undor King Jnracer's 
Guvenmient, ed. 1 768, p. &*}■!; Oravmand Prim't* 
Hiflt. and Antiq. of the Caihcdrnl of 8t> Caaice, 
Kilkenny, p. 320; Cat. of Oxford Graduates, 
p. 30^ ; Onlriance Siirrey of tbe County of Lon- 
dooderrv. i. 64] B' B. B. 

HARTWELL, ABRAHAM, the elder 
ijl. lofJG), Latin poet, bom in 1642 or 1&48, 
was educated at Kton ; he was admitted 




[art well 



76 



scholar at Kinj^s College, Cambridf^e, on 
2fi Aug. \'j6% and bticame u I'rllow on 
2« Aug. 1562; ho (jraduatwl B.A. in l*i63, 
M.A.in lo<i7, and resipnod his feUowaUi|i in 
liA'}7. llartwell published: 1. * Utgina Li- 
tf>rtita sIvl' de E^erenisaimie Dominie Eliza- 
betbtb ... in Acudpmiam CantahrijriwnBfin 
udventu, &c. Anno lutU, Aug. o. Nnrralio 
Ahrahftmi llartvelli Cantuhnjnt'nsis,' Ijhi- 
don, 15(»(*, 8vn. Two loiij^ I^tin letl«;r8 to 
tho reaJfr and to ^Vullor Iluddun are pn?- 
fixed to the tKiem, which is in fletfiocs, con- 
tiiiniop over fifteen hundred lines; a few 
I^l iu opipnims on the subject of tin; queen's 
\tsit conclude the volume. One of these epi- 
grams nnd twd extrat'ti from the poem were 
Sriuted in G. Miirvev's 'Gralulationnm Val- 
iuensium Libriyualuor/ London, 1578, i. '2, 
ii. 5, iii. 3. 2. ' A Sight of the I'ortugnll 
IVarle, thai is The Aunswere of IJ. Iladduu 
MiiiAtHr of the reijuestM unto our soveraigne 
I^ady Klizabeth . . . agiiiust the epistle of 
llieronimuA L>aurLUfl a I'orLugall, entitled a 
Pearle lor a Prince. TninKlnted nut (if hittyn 
intoEnglishrbv .Xbraham Hart well, Student 
in the liynges euIKHlgi- in Cainbriilge,' \jOn- 
don, 8vo, U.J. Thw tract contains an epietlo 
* To Mavater Shackloik ' (translator of Oso- 
rius'a 'iVarl'), and a preface dated Cain- 
bridgw,-~ May l5<i6,he5ideo fome diitiichsof 
1-atio rerae. 3. Nearly a hundred lines of 
elegiac* in memory of Paul i'uifiua, published 
in the university collect inn of versus on the 
reslitulion of therenniinitof Itiicernnd FagiuH 
in I0&.) ; they are to W found aUo in ' Martini 
Buceri Script a AnglicHim,' Basle, 1677, p. Qo-i. 
4. A few eleginCH prefixed to' (T.Uaddoni . . . 
Lucuhraliones,' Loudon, 1567. 5. Nearly 
aixty lines, ' In Sanct. Martyrum TIi.itoriam,' 
prenxcd to the a-cond edition of J. I'uxo's 
' ActB and Monuinentn,* 1570. Some verse* 
found in Hubert Hucoujblene's ' Comnientarii 
in Ariatotelitt KtUica,' manuiw^ript in King's 
College Library, have lieen aricribed to llart- 
well. Cooper tliink» wrongly. Four Lo-tin 
line* by Thomas Newton l^iu'his ' lllustrium 
aliquot Anghirum Kiicomia,' 1589), addresaed 
to Ahnilmm Hartwell the younger [q. v.], 
speak of the elder as u dtstinguishecl pout 
lately dead. 

[ UdrtwffU'a Works ; Harwood'* Alamni Eton, 
p. 174 ; CfMipcrV AtlieriiB Canlnbr. ii, 383. whor« 
tlie iwu llurfwrllti tti-r confusciL] R. U. 

HARTWELL, MtUAIlAM, the younger 
(Jl. I6OOI, tninitltirnr and antii(uary, EpLUikd 
of himself in the * Kpi^'tle Dedicatorie ' of hia 
tranjilalionofSoranzo'rt' History ,' dated IJan. 
iiiiXi, lis in his'Quiniiuagennrinn yere of Jn- 
bile.' This would mAe 16.'>3 the Vear of his 
birth, and he is probably Identical with the 
Abraham Uartwell of Trinity College, Cam' 



bridge, who graduated D.A. iul57l and M.A. 
iu 1675, and was incorporated M.A. at Ox- 
ford in 15H6 (Wood, J-'a^ti, ed. Blia*, i. a4o>. , 
Previous biographerfi have confounded this j 
Abraham Hartwell with Abraham llartwell I 
{Jt. I{i65) "q. v.'',, author of 'Kevins Lite- 1 
rata'in l.^iGi. At TrinityColIegetheyonnger 1 
Hartwell apparently attracted the noliiv of] 
WhitgifV, who made him his ftecri'larj'. Vt'at 
first hear of him in this capacity in 15(44 ( 
(Stuypi;, irAiV^i//.i.3-ja). Three translationa 
by him fn»m the Ilalinn are dedicated to 
nhitgift. *at yourl^racea in Lambhith.* He ' 
published: I. 'The Hiitory of the Warre5 fl 
betweenc the Turkcs and the Persians. ^1 
Written in Italian by John lliomas Miua- 
doi,' Loudon, lotto, Mo. The volume con- 
tained 'a new Oetjgniphicull JIuppe.' Mina- 
doi's 'Epistle to the Keuiler' i« tnvn(.laTt'd 
by Htinweil with the title 'the AuihorV. 
and has given rise tn the groundless uottoal 
that Hartwell was a traveller. '2. *A Ki^-i 
port of the Kingdouio of Cougo, a Kegioa ! 
of Africa. And of the Countries that border] 
roundo about the same. . . . Drawen out^i 
of the writings and discourses of Odourdoj 
Lopcx, u Portingnll. by Philippo PignfeUaj'T 
L)mdnn,15!)7,-4to. The'EpifetlelotheUeader' J 
tell» that thift trantilntion was undertaken at] 
the re<]uest of U. Hakluyt ; the volumecon-J 
tains several cuts. It has been reprinted iftj 
* Purchas his Pilgrinies,' &c., pt. it. 1G26, ' 
ond in 'A Collection of Voyages and Travels,* 
vol. ii. 1745. :l. 'The Ottoman of LazftFJ 
Soranito. Wherein is delivered . . , a full 
nnd perfect report of the might and power of 
Mahomet the third, ... as aUo a true De- m 
Hcription of divers peoples, Countries, Cittiest^f 
and \'oyttge«, which are most uecossarie to 
bee kuowen, enjiecially at this time of tbe 
present Werre lu llungnric,' London, lOOS, 
4to. A chance question of the arvlibiHhop's 
about Turkish * lJit»»aes and \'isierB ' was the ^ 
occasion of this translation. 4. ' ATrue ]>is-fl 
course upon the matter of Martha ItnjMiier" 
of liomorautin, pretended to be pO{ises»ed 
by a l>ivell,' London, 1501), 4lo, Vnim the 
French. The dedicntion to Richard Ban- 
croft, bishop (jf London, explains that the 
cases of powesaion and witchcmft at Notf-j 
tingham which, in his capacity of ^.'crelaryi 
to the archbishop, llartwell had become ai 
quainted with Imd suggested this translatifi 
to him (A. ii. 341 ; Cooper, Athena Vantabf^ 
ii. 360). Hartwell was the In^t menilx'rad-i 
mitted into the old Society of Antiquiirie 
{Airhaolnyia, vol. i. Intpod.) Two shor 
jiapers which be wrote for the society ore^ 

Srmted in Hi'ame'«'CuriousDijieournes,'Lon- 
on, 1771 ; thev aro entitled ' Of Epitaphs* 
(ii. 375), and 'Of the Antiqiuty^ Vanety, 




Harty 



77 



Harvard 



and Reamn of Mottfl with Arnm of Nobk- 

mcn and Qenllemen of Kngland ' (i. 27»), 

ncl were both read before the sociPly in 

IflOO. Two Latin h-tt*TS to AVhitKil"! ore 

in thelUrWian MSJWoO.f.l. W(Hj<l(i^ffW/, 

td. Blia. i. :?4r>) nwribes to HnrlWL'U'A 

'' iit-d InqiiisitioQ nffainKt Paper Per- 

- by A. 11.,' found iit the end of A 

- "ir^i- fur Paper ren«-culi>ra/ by John 

HnM.^H, 102-1, 4tn. ITartwell wns roilftte<l 

by WLlrpft to tho wtory of Toddiripton 

in nedf.snUhire, where he founded a Hbrtiry. 

Th»- d*te of hi» death ifi not known. 

[.Uthaeit'iv 

, HARTY,W1LLIAM.M.D.( 1781-18.^)4), 
■fli'iiriin, wBfl born in 1781, bpcnmu a scbolar 
m YriiiifT ColKn*. Dublin, in 1 7!«t, proceeded 
I B.A. iu I'.SOl , -AI.H. in I iHU, and M.D. in 1 i<JO 

Jthifliion the Dublin bills of mortality). In 
8(6 be publishiHl ' Dysentery und its Com- 
BiDieions,* ft work whirh show* thnroiighiiess 



quoted : Coopor's Athen* Can- 






--.leliolarship, and illustrHtcs phil'>sophic- 
«lir the doctrine of the correlation of tl vw-n- 
r^rV and typhn^ A new and recaht edition 
Tw i.«ued in l!<i7. In IKB he was randi- 
ditf fortherhttirt.f botany iu Trinity Collepre. 
llf was appointed phy*iciun to tlm prisons 
ofDublin.andwasconsuIte^Int Wf?t minster 
on the Prisons Bill of IKlTi. In 1820 he 
published ' An Huetonc Sk«toh of (he Con- 
r«ffious Fever Epidemic in IrtUnd in 1817- 
lHl&.' one of the be«t works OQ the causes 
and circumstances of Irish tyohuR, with tables I 
ud reports for manvparts oithe country, and | 
t comparison with the great typhus epidt-mic i 
of 1741. He becjirae a fellow of the KinRfl ! 
and Queen's College of Phvuicinns in 1H24, | 
cen&or in 182rt. but resi(ni''<I his fellowship 
in lt<27,tothen^(rT^t of tli»- college. In 1KM3 
he drew up a petition to the House of l^>rd8 [ 
on the Irish Church Bill, which he published 
in l^-'^7, on the advice of the Bishop of Exe- 
ter, with notes and an appendix ; his conten- 
tion was that the proiestant reformation had 
{^ed in Ireland tm arcount of the poverty 
the people and theinsufticient endowment 
tbe rhiirrh f*>tabliehnient. He died on 
, March 18M. 

(Calendar »f Tnriiy ColU-ge, Dnblin; infoi^ 
^matioo kindly Btipplied by Dr. J. W. Moons ; 
Harry** writing*.] *^- ^■ 

HARVARD,JOnN (t607-l**38).princi- 
pal founder of Harvard College. tlambrKlK^*- 
iIasiwiehu»H.tt», was bom in thv High Str^tM 
,{ Southworlt, close to London Bridge, and 
jhristenvd 29 Nor. 1*107 (AV. ltKyi|LK J. 
Hnr far 4, iAt<ii, p. 13). His father was Robert 
^larvard, butcher, of Southwarh. where there 
rod aevvral familini of that name (siwlled 




Hayward, llaner, IUrwof»d, Har^ye, Har- 
venl,Harvey,orHnnic).ii«omrbutchers,olhers 
innkeepers.' The father died of the plapue, 
and wus buried 2*1 Aug. l(I2fi. The maiden 
name t>f Harvard's umther was Kathennn 
Uogers. She to'»k for her second husband 
John ICllison or Klletjion, who died in June 
^^^'2i^. She then married her first husband's 
friewl and neighbour, Bichard Veorwood or 
Yarwood (M.P. for Southwiirk), and made 
uwill in ItiaS in favour of hen wo sons, John 
and Thomas Harvard (rf. 1(>87). The signa- 
tures of the two are on a deed, 20 July 
163.J. belonging to St. Katherine's Hos|iital 
{AtAfuatum. 10 Dec. IHH7). Among other 

Froperty left to John was the Qut-en'i* Head 
nn, Southwark. The second husband wiis a 
MicUlle.nex maJi, which wa^ doubtless the 
reason why John Harvanl was entered at 
I EniumnnerCollegp, Cambridge, 10l>ec.lU27, 
esof 'Midlfseit.' Ho graduated in IKHl.and 
proceeded M.A. in ItWij; he was now a man 
' of nicans,a8 his mot her bad bwu left pn>perty 
' by each of her thn'*) Imsbands. In ltM7 he 
married .\nn, the daughter of John Sadler, a 
Sussex clergyman, and sailed for New Kng- 
land. He was admitted a townsraan of 
CherlcHtowu, Mflssachusettj*, (I Aug., 'with 
promise of such accommodations as wc best 
can.' His house was ou the site now makings 
the sfjutherly conitjr of Main Street and the 
alley leading up by I bo town balUJ- Wissok, 
Mrmorial Witt, of Iio>'tun,\. .'iD5, ii. xxii). Un 
2Xov. he tiX'k ' the freeman's oath.' llanard 
and his wife became church members t5 Nov., 
and for some time he occupied the pulpit a» 
assistant to the Kev. Z. Symmes, pBsl<ir of 
the First Church inChnrlestown. Tliere isna 
record of his ordination. He was a weaUhy 
! man compared witlimost of the colonists, and 
was of good repute, being made, 2tS April 
I 1*338, member oi a committee ' to consider of 
somi! things tending lowardj? a body of laws.' 
I He died of consumption, 14 Sept. 1638» 
I childletifl, leaving, by a nuncupative will, one 
I half of his estate, stated in the colh^ bmika 
I to have been 779/. 17jt. 2rf., togetherwiih his 
library of 320 volumes, to the proposed col- 
lege ^ordered to be at New Tow ne,' afterwards 
Cambridge, in November 1*537. On 8 Sept. 
1 1(38 the gimerul court of the settlement had 
voted 4(X*/. towards a school or college, and 
after Harvard's death the building was at 
once begun with tbe aid of his legacy. In 
March UUJ8-9'it is ordered that thecolledgo 
aajewl uponformerlytobe builtat Cambridge 
shall bee called Harvard Colledge.' It was 



highly spoken of as a place of i^ucation in 
l(>43 ; the object was (Iwlnre^l by the charter 
of 1850 to bo * the education of'the English 
and Indian youtli of this country in know- 



Harvey 



78 



Harvey 



ledffe and godlynes.* A list of Harvard*8 
bo^, consisting chiefly of theological, gene- 
ral, and classical literature (J. Quinct, His- 
tory of Harvard Univerdty^ i. 10), is in the 
colli^ archives. One volume has been pre- 
aerved ; the others were burned in 1764. llis 
widow, Ann, married the Rev. Thomas Allen. 
The ' ever-memorable benefactor of learn- 
ing and religion in America/ as Edward 
■^Everett justly styles Harvard (Address at 
I the Erection of a Monument, Boston, 1828, 
Yp. 4), was, in the opinion of his contempo- 
raries, ' a godly gentleman and a lover of 
C earning' {New England's First Fniits, 1643, 
sprinted in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll. i. 242), as 
well aa ' a scholar, and pious in his life, and 
enlarged toward the country and the good of 
it in life and death ' {Autobiography of the 
Ret?. Thomas Shepard in A. Youxo , Chronicles 
<if the First I'lanters, Bost. 1846, p. 552). 
He preached and prayed with tears and evi- 
dences of strong aSection (.TouNsox, Won- 
der-working Providence^ in Mass, Hist. Soc. 
Coll. new ser. vii. 16). The autographs 
written on taking his degree are preserved 
at Cambridge (tracings in J. Winsor, Me- 
morial History of Boston, u. 318). No speci- 
men of his handwriting is known to be ex- 
tant in America. The alumni of Harvard 
erected a granite monument to his memory 
in Charlestown burial-ground, dedicated by 
E. Everett 26 Sept. 18ii8. A seated statue 
was presented by S. J. Bridge to the uni- 
versity, and unveiled by the Kcv. (i. E. 
Ellis (see Address^ Cambridge, Mass., 1884), 
15 Oct. 1884. 

[For Mr. W, Rcndlo's intercsling account of 
the birthplace, Sic, of llamird, bco his John 
Harvard, St. Saviour's, SouthTark. and Harvaril 
University, 1886. Svo; Inns of Oli Somh- 
wark, London, 188S, sm. 4to; Genealogist, 
January 1884, pp. 107-11; Athonieum, lIJulv, 
24 Oct 1885, and 16 Jan. 1886. The wills of 
Harvard'H mother and her three huHbands and 
other will)", the most important discovery con- 
nected with John Harvard, are reprinted by 
Mr. Waters in the Ni'w England Hist, and 
<icneal. Register, July 1885; see also October 
1886, &c. See also J. Winthrop's Hist of New 
Knf^lHud, Boston. 1863, ii. 106,419; Life and 
Letlersof John Winthr»>p, ib. 1864-7,2 vol«. ; 
W. \. Budmgton's Hist, of the First Church. 
Charlestown, Boston. 1845; J. F. Hunncwell's 
Ilccords of the First Church, Boston, 1 880, 4to.] 

H. R. T. 

HARVEY, BEAUClf AMPBAGENAL 
(1762-1798), politician, son of Francis Har- 
vey of Bargay Castle, Wexford, was educated 
at Trinity College, Dublin, and called to the 
bar in 1782. lie acquired considerable re- 
putation as a banister, and promoted the 



public movementa for catholic emancip 
and parliamentary reform. On the del 
his father in 1792 Harvey inherited esta' 
Wexford and Waterfonl, with an u 
rental of 3,000/. He presided as chu: 
in 1793 at meetings of the Society of U 
Irishmen, Dublin. Although diminuti 
stature and of feeble constitution, he 
tinguished himself as a duellist. He 
nominated as a delegate by a public me 
in Wexford in March 1795 to preset 
address to Earl Fitzwilliam and a pe 
to the king. Before the commencem^ 
the Wexford insurrection in 1798, Harv 
duced his tenants to give up the arms 
which they had provided themselves. 
the government troops had evacuated 
ford on 30 May 1798, the leaders of the i 
gents unanimously agreed on 1 June, in 
camp,tliat Harvey should be appointed U. 
mand them inchief. Apprehensive forhi 
safety, and in the hope of checking exc 
Harvey unwillingly accepted the post, 
commander, he sent a despatch to G( 
Johnson at New Iloss on 5 June, dema 
the surrender of that town, with a vi 
avert rapine and bloodshed, but the mese 
who carried the paper was shot. On tl 
lowing day Harvey, as commander-in- 
signed a series of orders summoning n 
his camp and prohibiting, on pain of f 
plunder and excesses. He exerted a 
energies to restrain his followers, and 
licly reprobated the destruction of lif 
property. The insuigents, after the: 
pulse at Ross, deposed Harvey frot 
command. He subsequently sought i 
in flight, and took refuge in a cave 
rocky island outside Wexford Harbour 
was arrested there, brought to We: 
and arraigned before a court-martial 
Cornelius Grogan [q- v.] and John I 
Colclough [q. v.] After an elaborate d( 
Harvey was sentenced to death, lit 
hangod on 20 Juno at the bridge of 
ford, on which his head, with those of o' 
was impaled. Ilarvey left no childrei 
was attainted in July 1798, but his br 
was allowed to acquire his property. 

[Proceedings of Society of United Iris 
Dublin, 1794; Hay's Hibtory of Woxfoi 
snrrection, 1 803; Barringf on's Pprsonal Skc 
1827, and Rise and Fall of the Irish X 
1833; Cornwalh's Correspondonce, ]8r)9; 
den's United Irishmen, 1860-1 J. T 

HARVEY, CHRISTOPHER ( 
1063), poet, son of the Rev. Christ 
Ilarvey of Bunbury in Cheshire, was b< 
1697. Ho was a batler of Brasenose 
lege, Oxford, in 1013, and graduated 



Haney 

-.1)1. ..' movements f'lr c:iTh'>liceraaucipntion 
.: i '.Jirliumentary reform. On tliv doatliof 
- •-■IifT in 17''!* Ifiirvu'y in!i-ritt'i.lt-.-'t:it--sin 
'■.r'Til an'l WaT'TlViril. with un uiinufil 
■r A nf ;{.i«hi.'. Hi' ])ri.'>i;l-il as i-iiainmin 
'7'X\ lit inv-tir.ji. I'f rhe S.n':<'tv-i^f I iiit>\l 
• -'.nn-.'n, lUitilin. Alth-iu:;!! iliininiiri\i'in 
-. ::,ir.' iiii'l "l" iV-.ld-.' coii>rii'iri'>n. In* ilis- 
■:_iu-h<'il lii:ns-If ii.-* a "lii-.-Ui^T. lie \vii< 
:::itiiiT-'il a- a il'-tf_r.i1i^ bv a puldic in'->,-linir 
■- Wt'xt'ini in Maivh 171''i t-' iir..-<-i:: an 
; '. Iriss to ]:a:'l I'itz'ivilliani an-1 a].fliti.'n 
till' kiiiL'. lir'forc tlif ci'nnnt:ior-ni'-ni <if 
. W'cxl'iir.l iii:iiirrreti"n in 17!'", Ihirw-vin- 
:o--(i hi-; h ii;iiit> I'l Liivf n\\ \\ik- arms witk 
■ ':\ch llifv had jirnvi h-'.l thviil-'flw-;. At'l-.r 
■'.■■ Linvi-rniiifn! t''.ii>ii,> lia«l '.■vai-iiatcl \\'-'X- 
".i.in.'itl.May ]7HMh.■^■a<U■^s..t•th..iIl.M^- 
,■, lU-; uiianiininisly a:rri''<l on 1 Jiinr. in ih-ir 
; .;ii[i,t hat Ilarvt'y^h<>nhll)i'apiinlnt"d:in.'.ini- 
■■;:uulf hi'inini'hii'f, A]i])r!'h''ii>ivf Ibrhismvn 
-..t'l'ty. aii'l in tht' hnji.' of chcckinLf t.'.\c*'>»-s, 
llanvy iiiiuillinj^^ly acfi-pti'd th<* ]ti'-t. As 
.MnmiamhT. h-,' si'iii a di-spiili-h In (i"i!>ral 
.Ii'linsiin at Nt'W I!.is<im o.Tuiif, drniiuidiiiL' 
:h>' f=iiiTi'inUr nf that t(iv\-ji, -with a vii.-w in 
iivi-nraiiiii*' and lihindshi'tl. lint th.-iut'-MiiEriT 
wliii i-atri-'d tho pajnr wa.-i shot. On lh<' I'-d- 
".)\viiitr <hiy llarvrv. a:4 ff>inniandt.'r-in-i'Iii''i\ 
'i^nt'd a M-rii-i <if in-ih'r< f'nmnnininjr nnii !■» 
!;is fanip and jiniliihilin^'". nn puin of ihath, 
pliindi-r and cxci'.— ■•■s. IK- cxfTted all lii< 
, iiiTyrics to n.>train his folhiwers, and jjuI*- 
I\dy n-jirulmli-d ihc dolrnrtion uf lite and 
v:M[K>rl.y. Tht? insiirtjcnt.-*, after thriv ri^ 
vnlse at Unss, deposed Harvey from lh<' 
^•■'Tnn^'ind. l\t; siih^eqm'nlly son^dit ^aletv 
•1 lli^lit. and InoU r.-i'iiL'^i' in a tavi- '-n a 
V '.'Ivy i^huid iuit>ide ANexford llarhoiir. ile 
ua< nire-^tcd llit-!f, Ijrouirht to AVi'xfori!, 
;-iil arrait:in'il litd'uf.' o i-Miirt-inar1 1;d ^vlth 
i'.»rneHiis (Ii'n^an ii|.v.' and Joliii Ilenrv 
v'.dehni'jh ] '!■ ^-^ AfterauehdKtyate dr'fenee 
"livvi-v wa- ,-i-iiti'iieed to death. ]!'• wa-; 
•.•.^Li••l\ on ■_')'» .Inn-' at the liridu"e of Wex- 
"d. on whicli hi^ h^ad, with llii)>e oi' nth^T^, 
rt ;-; iinpah'il. JIav\('v lel'i no ehildr-'ri ; h-' 
>v * attainl'-il in July 17!>>. but liis hrotli<-i' 
« ;> alhiwi-d to anjiiire hi.- ]tropertv. 

S'-,ii.*CI>dir:L'< til' S.)(M>'tv uT UIlit^^l Il'isllIJU^R. 

' '.i". 17'Ji: Hav*.-: Hi>t')i-y of Wrxturd In- 

,>-;inn. \Siy,;- r.;irriii;Ou:i'> I'l-r^niia! .Skfti'!:e*, 
■*'".:-.!id Ki-i- and I-';!!! nf til,. ]ris!i N.iii.in. 
>^'; Cii-i.wal'w ('".in-. -I'Miidi'iii'i'. IS.'iO; ^lad- 

- I'nitLd lrl-li'iu-:i. lyiiU.] J. T. (1. 

UAliVEY, ('Ill!TSTni>III-:jl H-V.C- 

-■:\ poi-t. t^iiu nl' \\i\- \tv\. (,*liristo]»her 

. ».\ of iJiinl>ury in t'he.-hire.\va> hoi'n in 

Ilf \\as a lialler of ]trasi'no>f' Ci>\- 

vKford, in \{)\:), and {^raduHled IJ.A. 



Harx'qr 



7# 



lan'cy 



10 Hit UU, lioued M.A. 1 Feb. lGl»-2a 

I Is 1690 he WM nccor of WUtacr ia Hexv- 

«t mr JMilM t ISa fa faw Mie 

* o> Kiogtav nisnMirKBVol* Wt 
t to hure rrt ur neo to Whstae j oa «r 
I U» foUowiai^ 35 Mmick. irihcn • new 
BHier was sppoiatedL Pi<«t<!« 1630 
\ 1030 fin of but ehildrai w«n bapciaed 
tWUtn^. t)n 14 Not. 1638 he ww in- 
i to ihe ricsrage of Cliftoa on Ihnt*- 
WarvicfaUiirp. He ow«d this prefier- 
Dt to ki» patron Sir Robert WbitivT. &» 
> Ifora irom a dedicatorf e^tle to ^Vhtt- 
tf^v in hia edttion of Tbonaa Fle»an'» ' Ex- 
cfllfui Enoonragements against AiBictioius' 
liH7. ilu.n.i'j was buried at CUfton on 
* ApnJ lrt*W. 

Harvey waa the author of 'The Srn»- 

gc^gne,' a Mn«« of derot ional poenu ■ppend«d 

aaaermousk to the 1640 edition of (ieorxe I 

Herbert's 'Temple/ and reprinted with most 

of the later editions of the * Temple.* He 

vaa a man of sincere piety but little origi- ' 

aalit J ; and the * Smagoguu * is merely a tMn 

tnitation of Herbert. In 1647 he issued , 

8noDyTn"«*lr 'Schola Cordis, or the Heart 

of it St'Ife goni; away fmm God; brou^rht 

back af^aint- to him : and instructed by him. 

In 47 Emblem*,' 1-mo; 2nd eflition'l664; ' 

•Srd edition IGT/i. The volume has on the 

titlt^potre ' By the Anthor of the Smagogue.' 

Tlie emblems were adapted from Von Haef- 

t««i>*SchoIa Cordip.' and Lave l)e.>n rppnb- 

lished, with the * S\-nttgrtpiit'V in Dr. ftwv 

sart's * Fuller "Wortkiea Library.* Hftrrcy 

also published * 'A^t^riairr^c. The Riph't 

Rebel, A Treatise discovering the true L'se 

«f the Name by the Nature of Rebellion,' 

1*161. Bvo. and 'Faction Supplanted: or a 

threat iii;ain>it the ercJfM(iAjtti<"al itnd secu* 

lar Rehelfl,' 1063, which wiia chi-'flr written 

in 1612 and ^ni^bed on •) .\pril 1645. Wood 

supposed that ' Fsctioa Siipplftnted ' was the 

* aunc with the former ^"The Right Rebel "}, 

only a new title put to it to mak<? it rend 

the bett*?r.' but states tlmt be had not seen 

cither book. He also attributes to Uarrey 

ft book cMlb'd ' Condif ion.ei of Christianity.' 

Harvt'V wa« a friend of lEaak Walton, and 
prefixed com mandatory verses to the * ("om- 
ptoat Ani^ler,' ei^ Itilio. The fourth etlition 
of the ' Syimirogue' lias comraendiitorv verses 
by Walton, who also quoted on(! of the poems 
from ilip 'Synapjguc in the lOoo edition of 
the ' Anitler-* Some bibliographere boveer- 
rone'kUflty ascribed the'Synagogue'toThomoa 
llarvey. 

fWo^'s Athmw. rd. Blisi, iii. 538-0 ; Orf. 
ITni*. Iti-fi. (Oxf. Iliat, Soc.), ToLii.pt. li. p. 331, 
"". iii. p. 3W : Hunt«r'» Chonii Tatum (Brit, 
, MS. AddlL 2U00, fol. 100} ; Orosart's in- 



tndwciaa ta Hantf'a potBS iaFsUw Wa 
Libotfjl A.H.BL1 

' HARVEY, DAMEL W nnTLE{irW- 
IWSX H^t^ciaB, eUesS SOB of JUtthew Bar- 
nard llamy of Wilhaa, Ensa. nerefaaat, 
br a dai^bitf of M^ot Jo^ M. Whittle 
j «} Feesnir Hooie, EelTedott, fwii, w«« 
boc^ at WithaB ta 17B6, aad serred hv 
uudm with Wiaboarae. CoUett, tt Cbw, 
attomera, 6S Chaaoccy Lane, Lowka. On 
coning of age he toohpowetioo of bis n*- 
tcnial estate. Feeling Hooae, nod iMnnmettoed 
pBictiee aa a awntiy solicitor in the netgb- 
booxhood. Froail80eiilll819hewa«amem- 
ber of the oo«naoq oonncil of the city uf Lon- 
don for the ward of ni«boMgate. ' He «-a.f 
admitted a Ftudeni of the Inner Templt? on 
7 Nor. 1810, and in ICefaaelmaj: term 1S18 
I beeaate a fellow of the society. Hv con- 
tinuedf bowerer, to practise as an sttorneT 
' at CoIdiMtcr till Trinity term 1819, wh.>n u 
' his own nooeat his nane was struck off the 
rolls. In TrinitT term 1S19 he appli<>d to 
, be called to the bar, but hu application was 
refused. He was heard in hia own defence 
before the masters of the bendi on 5, <». iind 
9 Nov. 1821, when it was stated (1) Thai 
he, being the plaLntifi^s attorney in a can 
Shelly P. Riidkin in Januarv Itr^O^, stole hxna 
the office of the attomev ior thr defejndont 
a certain document, i'^) That he sold an 
e*tate for John AVall Frost in October 1809 
and kept back fix>m him fiOO/., part of the 
purchasi' money. The benchers on 13 Not. 
stilt refus*Hlto admit him. He then K|)|>ealed 
to the judges as visitors of the inn, but 
they on 1 Feb. \t<-2'2 confirmed the decision 
of the benchers. At his request the case was 
reheard by the benchers, 19 Nov.-ia Dec. 
18.34, but with the same result. I^ter in 
1S34 a select committee of the Hanse of 
Conunun?. of which Daniel d'ConnfU was 
chninnsn, inquired into the accusations and 
entindy exonerftteJ Harvey. The heucherv 
asserte<l their independence of the House 
of Commons, and noihinp furthor was lu>ard 
of the matter (Trro H^portf qf Se/i!ct Cum- 
initUt! on thf htnji of Cpitrfo, 183^1). 

Uu 12 Oct. 1812 he unsuccessfidly con- 
teetofl Colchester, and at a bvi' lection, 
19 Feb. I8I8, was aRain beaten, Vut ul the 
(jeneriil election on 22 June in the mime teor 
he was elected by a larjje majority in a foup- 
toon days' contest, wh-tn his heavy expensen 
were paid by a rich ruUtive. I'wo venrs 
Inft-r, on 14 .Inly, he wna re-elected for Col - 
oln^Klcr, hu(. Win election was derlared void. 
He WI19 ofzaiu electe<i for Colclti_'?ter on 
1-1 July 1826, and continued to n'liroMcnt it 
till 2U Dec 1834. From 1835 to January 



Hftnt ; and after continuous wrvice, mostly 
in ihn North Sea and Mediterranfan, was 
promoted in Jnniiar)" 1808 lo (hi? ^^ommand 
of lh(i Cppbn.IuK jilnop in the* Mi-ditfrranean, 
wliRre, on 18 Auril 1811, be was posted to 
tJieTopaze. wliicii he brought linmc ond ptiid 
oil" in 181i». From IKiO to 18:U he com- 
ninndcd the l^ndannted on the Cnpo nf OofKl 
ir<rTnj iind Kast Indin slntions; in 183R the 
Mfllnhnr in the Wfst Indies: and from 1*^3U 
to 1842, the Implacahleinlhe MeditiTrtinenn, 
whore ho took part in the npenitinns on the 
coftgt of Syria, includinp the homhardmont 
of St. Jenn d'Acre in 1 840. Tie nttnined his 
fliig on 17 Dec. 1847; nnd from 1848 to 18o3 
was superintendent at Malta, Avilli hlsflafrin 
theCVylou. llobecaraovice-adniiral II .Sept. 
185'1; was commander-in-cliief at the Norn 
from 1857 to IHtiO; yva» promoted admiral 
S* Jnne 18(W); wujt nominated a K.t'.H. on 
28 June 18(11, and a G.(\a on L'8 March 
1 8(V>, a few week'* before bis deatli on 4 Mov 
l8(i5. llo mnrried Miss Cannon of Deal, 
and by her had issue ; aiuonff others, Ilenrj', 
ft cnpcain in the navv, who died in the West 
Indies in 18<1U, while in eommand of the 
KcJipae. 

[O'Byriit-'a Sar. IJioff. Diet. : Grat. Mag. ISG.'i. 
nctr M<r. xviii. 804; Nuvy Llats ; information 
from I he family.] J. K. L. 

HARVET, Sir KU.VD (1758-1830% 
admiral, second fwm of William Harvey of 
lEolU Park, near Chijrwell in ]'>st'X, for many 
ve«r5 M.P. i'or the county (</. I'O-")!, wasbom 
r» Dec. 17fi8. He wa^ pTeat-jrnindsun of Sir 
ICliflb Hiirvey, the brotiu-r of the jfreat Wil- 
liam Harvey (ir>tK)-l«i.'.7) [q. v.] In 1771 
ln' was nominally entered on board the 
William ond Marj' yattlit. He aftenvanls 
wrved In the Oqiheiii* fri^'Hte with Captain 
MaeBride, and in the Lynx in the West 
Indies. In 1770 he was sent out to isorth 
America in th^ Mermaid, fn>m which he 
was transt'erni'd to tlie Kaple, llien rJirryinjf 
Lord Howe'rt fliifj. He returned to England 
InOctoWr 1778, and on 2fi K^h. 177!* was 
jiromoted to b*? lientenant of the Uesoln- 
tion, which, however, he did not join. In 
May 1780 Hftr\-evwasTelnmed to parliament 
a* member for Maldon in Ewex. Hi!* elder 
brother Williora, M.P. for KMei. had died in 
the previous year, and Harvey had snCceeded 
To a very handsome property- He had just 
enme of age, and for the lime Ji]t|»ears to 
hare won somH diKtinction as a man about 
town and a rec klesa plunder. Acc-ordinp to 
Walpolp/ he luat 100,000/. one evening? at 
liaxard to a Mr. U'llyrne, who said. 'You can 
never pay me.' ' I can,' answered Harvey; 
' my estate will sell for the debt.' ' No/ said 



O'Byme, * I will win 10.000/. ; you -«h«l 
throw for the other 90/ They did, and Uap 
vey won ( \Vtiluolf*a Ij'ttrr*, ed. Cunninj^ 
ham, vii. ."Wfl). In Aupiat 1781 Harvey was! 
appointed to the Dolphin ; in the foUowingi 
I'ehruary he was moved into tberury fiIoop» 
and on Jl March ho was promoted to tU»l 
command of tlic Of t^r, in which be served ial 
the North Sen. till hi^ advancement to post] 
rank on 20 Jan. 1783. Shortly afterwordsl 
he married Lady Louisa Nuf^ent, youna 
daughter of I'lnrl Nnpent. He commanded 
tlie HiiMjir for a few weeks dnrnif:'' the 
Spanish armament in 1790. On thn outbreak 
of I he revoliitionnrv war in 17ft;l, he was ap- 

fioiutedtothoSta.Srnrparitafrifrate.in which 
10 eer\'ed under Sir John Jen'is [q- v.] al;j 
the rediicti(mof Martiniijue and Guadelottpai 
(Mart'h, April 1794). On her r»'tiim lo Enj! 
land in tlie summw, the Sta. Marpirita wiu 
ulTiirhed tu the Channel Bent, and on ^3 Auf^kl 
waft one of the ftpiailron under Sir Jolm| 
Borlflfi*! Warren [q, v.], which drove a Franc* 
fripate and two corvettes on shor<? on tfc 
COIL* t of Mretagne. Early in 170d Han'ey*| 
wa.-* moved into the VaUant of 74 fifuns, and" 
in her went to the Weiit Indies wirh tha 
wiviiidron under Sir \\\&<i Parker (1739-J 
1807) [q. V.J In I71i7 ilUhoallh obliged him ' 
to n.'turn lo Knglnnd, and in the spring 
of 1798 he wa* ajipoinled to the com* 
niand ()f tlie Sea Fencibles in the Kasex dis- 
trict. In 17P9 he was appointed fo the, 
Triumph of 74 pia^.nnd commanded her itn 
the Channel and oil Drent till the peace i 
Amiens. Ho represented Essex from H' 
till 18l:i; and in November 1803 ho coo 
missioned the 'Hj^hliug T6m6raire* of 
puna. .\fterei{rhteen raonlba'aerviee in tbttl 
hlnekride of Brf'.'tt and in the Bav of Biacayij 
thnTerafraire in the autumn of l80.*i forme ~ 
part of the fleet otF Cadiz. In the battle of* 
Trafalgar she waa the second ship of the 
weather line, closely followinpf theVictorr^i 
and her share in the action was particularly 
brilliant. 'Nothing could Xn* liner,' wrottfl 
C<dlins^vo(Kl : * 1 Iiave no wonls in which I| 
can suHieienlly express my admira(i<m of 
it .' On !> Nov. 1 805 1 larvey was included] 
in the general promotion consequent on i\\t 
creation of the new grade of 'admirals of Iha 
I red,* and becnme rear-admiral. In the fol- 
! lowing spring he hoisted his flag on board tha 
[ Tonnaiit , in the Chnnnt-l fleet under the cora- 
' mand of Lord St. Vincent, and afi*?r St. \"\t 
' cent'.s rn»tirflmeT:t under that of Ijord fiambisvj 
, [q. v.], with whom he was present in Haaqu 
Roodsin April 1809. Ileconceivedhiniatdfii^ 
' grim'ed by the appointment of Lord Cochrane^ 
toa spi^cial command, and exjiressed big anger 
on the quartor-deck of the flagship so pubUcljj 



Harvey 



Harvey 



■od riolently (^UrKDoKALD, AutijbitMjtaphy] bis 'Shephearda Calender 'undur the name of 
^ n Senmn/i^ u Jio7-i*), that Gambler was ^ Ilobbinol. > 

obliged to bring' Uim to a court-martial held' For college life, involving as it did fre- 

»l nirtsmoutli on J'J-y May. Uy this IIqv- (lucnt and close intercoiiifn? with men of 

TUf wu dismis-'ii'd ihu ser\icp ; and though diverse vitfws and t^'mpiT, Ilarvey wa« by 

b the foUowirig Vfor. ;!l March 1810, lie ' nature ill adapted. Ho wm a manofarroffiuit 

««* nin5tatud in \ni rank »nd seniority bv I and (.'cusorioua spirit, tar too confloious of his ' 

wtlcr in council, "in con§id<.'ration of hi's ' own ronatdurable abilities, while but little 

lengaiid meritorious service**,' ho was never j dinjioat'tl to recojfnise the merits and claims 

emplnytHi a;rain. On SI Jan, 1810 he ■wn» ' of olher*. Thomii^ Keville, oftBrwanlsi the 

wlrtnri'd to h« vice-admiml nf the blue. In [ eminent master of Trinily follege, who held 

Jiouary 1815 he wa?i nominated a K.C.B. ; ' a fellowship at I'embroke at the same time 

kreume admiral on 12 Auj;. 1819; in 1820 ' aa Harvey, declared of him that he 'could 

ind aifain in 1820 wa^ ret;lected M.P. for ' hardly find it In his heart to commend of any 

E«« ; and in Februury 1825 received the \ man.' \\'ith the majority of the ft-llows he 

pM'l crossof the Kath. Ife died on 20 Feb. i would appear to liuve been e«.>ntinually at 

]830,Ieairing issue »\\ daughters, (.'f bi^ two ' war, nud llie ill-feeling ran do high that wht.-n 

WNU, the elder, a captain la the army, was 1 the time came for Wnn to proceed M.A. they 

^4flfed at the siege of IJurgoa iu 181 2; the agreetl to refu^t- him the necessary * grace' 

yoonp^r died in 1823. from ihr rullegc. It was not until after a 

fMar^hairs Roy-I X^ral Bio,, t. 273; R-ilft-» 'J'ih^' f tliree months that he evenlually in 

Xanil Di(.g. ii. 432; omirml doeunienu in tho l-J'3 obtained lus de^free, and lilthough he 

hihlic I(«..ra OfTirP ; (li«-miniit,>8.,fihe court- was shortly after appointed college tutor 

martitil arc puWishoJ in llnltV* NhpiiI Chrou. ' bis relations with the society seem to have 

ii. Ul ; GenL Maij. 1830, c. 366.] J. K. L. ] become pernmncTilly embittered. 

I For a short lime Ilarvev reud rhetoric in 
HARVEY, (JABKIKI, (15^'i?-]6^J0),Jhe public acbo<ds of the university (/.W/rr 
poft, wiL« born at ShUVou AValdeii, theeldesl^^^w//,-, p. 104), and he was at one time a can- 
•on of a family of six cbihlren. His fiither didate for tbo readLTship in ihwi branch of 
was a master ropemnker by trade, and va- stiidv. It was probably with tln^ view of 
riou« circumstances indicate thar. he was n further r>^commending himself for the ap- 
pPQ^-rou4 man. He wai« able to .isend three pointment that he composed his 'Khetor' 
tons to I'amhridge [see Hakvey, John {'/. and ' (Ciceroni an us,' brtth jiublished in 1577. 
l.'S92>. and KictlAliu], and Gabriel himself Healso besought SirThomasSmith, to whom 
,ts of him as one that 'bore I hi' chieffst ' he appears to have been related ( Work^t \. 
in Wnhlen with go<jd credile ' ( l\'t,rtn, , |K4), to u*' Ins exertions in his behalf. He 



, Cirfwart, i. lliO), and also as one ' whosi' 
lioneiiiy no neighbour can mupeach ' (/A. 250). 



Gabriel was entered at (prist's College ;i^ himself {LrtUr Itouk^ u. 17W). On the 
he matriculated 28 June iotH), was admitted'^ other hand we learn from his preface to the 



B^^V. in loW>-70. and '.\ Nov. 1570 was (jlected 
bUow of IVmbrokc Hall. At Pembroke he 
a«Hl iheacnuaintance of Spenser, the poet, 
who was admitted as a sizar the yeur before 
Harrey obtained his fellowship, and their 
acquaintance ripened into an intimacy which 
waa ferminaleil imly by Spenm-r's death. 
Hars-rv, by virluo of his seniority, superior 



Rweks the office, he atlirms, not in order that 
he may teach rhetoric, hut thai hn may study 



Khetor' that his address<*s. delivered in 1577 
and 1578, were attended by overtlowiiig au- 
divnces. In the moTith of August 1578, when 
his feliowjihip at IVmbrokc was on the |>OLnt 
of lapsing, the Earl of Leicester ad'lressed an 
'earnest request' to the maaier and fellows 
that !ii» friend might be allowe<l to continue 
in it one ye«r longer. Tln« t-nrl's intervi-nl ion 



position, and real scholaraliip, exereiM^d over appears not to have been surcejtsful. and Har- 
vey was enuiptdlt^d to lonk abimt id-iewlicre. 
He would se»;m nt this time to have been 
hesitating as to his choice of a profession, and 
ho first of all sought election to a fellowship 
at Cbrists, with. a view to the ministry. 
DisBppuinted in this quarter he turned to 
Trinity Hall. Here he claimed relationship 
with the master, Henry Harvey [q. v.], who 

firobably iiuvoojited his claims, and* Harvey, 
laving declared his readini^s toembrace ibe 
profession of a civilian, was elected a fellow 
..f that society (.18 Dec. 1578). .Mthough 

o2 



Ilia friend's yoQtht'ul gi-uius an influeiiri- from 
which the latter with dilliculty shook himself 
ftve. Strongly attached to classical models, 
the pe»lantic college-fellow associated himself 
with A litcmrv movement which aimed at 
imposing on the native [wetiu literature a 
MTvile imitation of the Ijitia. Harvey hiiu- 
B*lf»«H?ros to have claimed to be the father 
of the Knglish hexameter, and Spenser f(»r 
ft time w-tis indui-e)! nlt^igi'ther 1o nhnndon 
rhvme. The latter Iriini hanl to admiri- his 
firicftdV senc^ ami has immortal isitl him in 



i 



Harv-^ 



84 



Harvey 



' tiidy of thcUw. he found 

i\ iwcriBH'ol' hiijp<>i?lical 

I--. ' t«f tiiid liitn iirciL-tin^ lii^ 

jiwT 1*1" p'jbli^hiiij( '*ivmi.' <tf lii:* at- 

Kh^ti^h vtTHt* ( wtircti liH deaignntin* 

AV*^''* * 4tti'*' C'lidr-iry to bis own 

■IMIiVrottti'nvNiy.TliuiunHNiushu [ti. v.^de- 

fUr*** thtti lUr^cyMi'tit thfiutoitrcssliimsell': 

' 1 iluri*! i>u my i^reJit,' he mvs, • undertnke 

NiH<iMi>r wiwmi wny priviiS to tiiecorumitting 

tin(ii'iitt<i]MiTit,' lluvruverthUmnyhttveliern, 

1 It tbrlr publicnthiTi "involved 

■ n» In-HiliU'. Hiitli Sir Jame^ 

V tiiiil 1 hi.' Kfti'l of (JxfurtI were raucb dis- 

t/tl ut Kutii'U'itl alluHionTi, which 5tM'nii>d 

jlii('«i III |K)rMin.-t hi^'h in ollic-r at court. 

I Ht>r«t lit «I1, Ilnrvi-y ws* ^uppow-'d hy 

■ l-ttvo uHiHtl at him in hi« lu- 

, 1 1. Ill of tlif ' Ituliaimteil Kng- 

ti.-I 111 iht! * Mirror of Tua- 

, , .1 tiro5.art.i.84). Harvi'v 

ITti ^ji lunation, whlrh wmh np- 

iiiii mI i^iA. j». ls,'i>,und hi^ friiMule. 

M[ WiUm and !>irWflll»»r Mild- 

- *.-\l«'d in iivtTlinir any serioui* cim- 

It wi).tnut initili«^)me timu afler- 

»«! - fiifiiiy, Nftnliu, iiMorted timt 

Hu iiiilly bivn sent to (hi.- FU-et 

fyi . vvrses, Huncy itdinits that 

\i-* . . rviuoiidirated with by his 

lit- ; but this, bo assert 'i, was 

'Hi Ivver pot.' Tlmt hi:* satin? 

. Hiiiii>d at \}w Karl of Oxford 

lUmiiM, avorrin^ that Iu> had 

.^uiM'ioiin of hiA ' many boundea 

,j ■ to iiuu ttho luid Iwen hi« patron ever 

1' 11. iUv uniiit' tif Iui4 ((allanteat youth 

i|iomui« in Cbristes Col- 



li 



ibi 



i'ulip\<at ability »epm by 

11 i(i'ni'raUy rec<ynis*'d. 

Mil of (jiieim Klif-abolb's 

Smith at Amlh-y End, 

nitulati'iiU'K WaldciiSft*' 

I iinMiKiitml ()iHm to h'^r 

\\ I h*' Cambridge com- 

io< wa* ap))oii)tod om- of 

' -'liliy. In thofoUow- 

l .ic- for tbi* officf of 

. J ii-atitl by Winpiii'ld 

iig I't th»» I'vont bt» itayr*: 

I ji'-tilton. my frifnilc!) 

I1 i-haum'ullnrs [i.t'- 

i>d« and vvtraonlt- 

., wttnt all poltin^lv de- 

I'tisi- of thi- olde I'oxe ' 

III. p. 170). 

15,43 Owtin \ot<2 

1 ihu olUce of junior 

{' MUted in order to 

< i»,i»*fd by the retirement 



of LeouunKTiaraber3, who took his B.D. dti 
gree in May. Tht^re i? no ifracc for the a[i 
pointment, as Trinity Ilutl wa» allowed 
first claim on the *jct;urrenco of such racan- 
ciea, in enmpensution for its inferior position ■ 
in rt'larinn to the pn>clori»l cycle. On llie 
d'*alh of hii* rvlntive, the master of Trinity 
Hall, in 1">35, Harvey was oli^cted to sue 
bim. and it was ti* master of the .V}Ptety thafi 
on :? July IR^lo be i>oiu;bl to tje incorporate 
11.C.L. of Oxford, and wu« licensed to tl; 
dej^rec on the lath of the same month ( Oj^I 
fVr. Jfty., 0\f. Hi^r. "Sac., u. i. 34VO. Aol 
cording to his own account, his election 
the miL'^terHhip wu^s a^t a^ide by royul man*] 
date, altboii^b Pre-^^ton, who was appolnte ~ 
inbisphtce, •eonbl/hentfirmfi, 'nonaybavfl 
requested or pure(nL<ted one voice' ( tf'urkjt, edj 
GroMrt, lii. xxvi). In loJis, on Pn.'#ton*^' 
deaib, he was avruin a candidate (although uc 
longer a fellow), and in a letter to Sir Roher 
Cecil entreated his mediation in order tba| 
the roval influence might now be exerted in 
hi'* behalf, hut bis application w&d not sue 
cesfful. 

An overweening estimate of hia own at 
tainments and aliilitics, conjoined wiili dia- 
appointe<l ambition, seems to have rKiidcrt'tl 
Harvey singnliirly.'ienftitivi' and qua rrelAome; 
and to his contemporariefl be wa* best known 
by the acurrilous iwiper warfare in whitb lie* 
Wcame involved with the \\TilersXH*he and| 
(■ireeiie, Gretme bad been exasperated bv 
conicmpi nous rMffrence-s maile to himself au<f 
his friendii in the writings of liubrier»i br 
iher Uichord [see Harvey, Riciiari)], and 
bo rctnliated in bis *Quippe for an ujKiliul 
Courtier,' by calling attention loiheHarveviii 
bumbleparentagetand by oflensive reference 
to their father'a trade as a roifcmaker. Thi 
most galling of these onimionei )« lost to its, fa 
it was expunged in all the extant e<lilioQ9 
Greene's poj^quinade (see Greene'* Work* 
ed. Gnisarl, xi. 1*06). Ilarrev wjw incensed, 
beyond meaxuiv, and in his 'rout* Letters* 
(lo93> assailed Greene, whose cbarncter wa 
siiffiriently open to attack, with imKparing 
acrimonyand vituperation. Harvey npi)«^nili' 
some Kiigli.*ihversea,includingSpenarrs noble 
. .vninet nddn'siwd to himself. Even after 
(3n>t'ne's Harly and ]»ttiable end in September 
\')i)'J, he did not de.»«ist from endenvouring to 
blacken his memorV'. and then it waa that 
Xttsheeutered tbf lietjjmifainst Harvev In de- 
fence of his hite friend, displaying a pt»wer of 
sarcofon and invective, in the pre JM^neeofwhicU 
the haughty itcholar found bimseIfcomp1et«lj ~ 
overmattbed. In hia* St range Xewft'(lo9Jil 
be addresses Harvey us ' n fillbv vain foole ;^ 
proclaims ' open warres' npon Loth him ontT 
his brother Richard ; ridicules fats claim to 1 



Har\ev 



/ 



lb»fi;>it inventor .^f 'h<r EnrllsL "--t t~--- - --t>. ..: 1"..; = 2--- -^ - • ~ -- - s 

•ndJeclarvsthat h- siwLli -ir^r • ..--.-'i. -.:--*.-.- -, 1" . ';- i 1- -'- ."-^ -1--1 

linifc in a w^ill of rhrr FLrr":*'^!-- i- ^^l" -r _-l- ■ • l : -— I~i- — - - - ■- ^1^ " 

rovisitafrit-nd thore. llsr-.-y z^-. ..-:•. i. - • '.' • Ti- T- -zl - - - ~ ~ iJi. \ ..-, ■ 

tioisiQ? on rh- ■ Fi>ur*- L'T'TrrTs' ^r I' — . i-: - .t -. — — . - -' '-^'~'.- ~''.-/'' -T 

iindicatinj:him«i!?If tr-tm 'Lr li'T-rr'T .—t-. -.- - :_- ---.-. _- -— - - , "-.J^--:--7 

Xashe.wliiiat thiiSM-eajj-j.^ ■ li-^ ,r-- 1.- — -_ -■_ - ,'l- £ .' 1_ -^i -'- • - -' 

bwjmin^hrartily i-hiimr"! ir i ■x-^— ■-,.- .r.i-::.'*.. --- 

eontroTer>y, n-'-w ?- u^lit :■:' '.r^' .'. - :- -■ . „ ..'. - 

fndby matinjat-niial^ind ^ior:.; 1-. 1 .- -.■.'.' - '. -1" - -.' 'T.- ""'*.' ^~ 

in an'fpi#t'-i.r-tixT'i ::• his •<.'lr>T— T-z.- - '_.- --.-., /-..'*.'*- /v'-^' -' ". 

ovt-r Jerusul'-m " i lo-'-' ■. ic-i frtizk-T • ::_ -- - :" "[_' 1 ~: - -—J'. •-■" !^ .'V, '.-".' 

tinf llaney";; •ah-:-:E,.ii:i: ■vliTllir--.:. :■ .r- -. *..-..-.■ ,.. . _\,"-'"'"*. -'.",.."- 

f*^ju5 Well jjou'-mr': i.-hj,'i:: 'ir. a:, i, r.-.- -ri- j --._--- T.-- .-. ■ 2 :-- ~ - I..-- - 

{H'riensr jud;^vn:-ri"." Ev-n zl'.<. ':. ■x---t. r- ■ .. ; \^: '■'. ' i_ *. -: l.^--; V'»,> , 

iiiili-d to a]ip..'a.s*: Ki- in"aj r.:-r. a:. : il_r". -V >"---t:'-^ ■-■- -.. "-:.•...-." .'. E. y 

reiumwl to the a*- a. i '.z hi- ■ \--.t L---- - : 

XotttU^-CV-iiitrm.-.' T -iSXA-Ur-; r.-. 1 .- HAP.VZY. S:l -;?:■ ■.-:■-?: »._:^>' . 

a new »-pi.-srIe pr*Tfix»r: ■ i r.-:w -. i • . r. : T-Ji'Tr. t.. -. r. _■. "^-, \ :..!::*. v..rl.:-.j- 

* C'hristeii Teaiv*.' in wUcl ':.- tc!:' ..■:- -.-.- 1.- -...r- . :- Y -'■ : .irr l-^'.r'. ^i rlv -f-r h.a 

forni*rr apjlo^. and r'-:-:.r-: r. H.:r-.- v .:. ' "- L.- :'i:"i-r. ^ " i-:'.:;iiT7, -^':".- I :^ :hr- 

thi:- s<?\vr»-.*t temi#. In l-"-*'. j.-:i.-;-_- -'.i- " "^ :. :: ?** rl.::j. ..r.;. :,- r- : :.r ■• v w^- ij- 

Harrey wa? btiastinjof haT;r._- - . r.>. : l!:... :'--" -t : - - "•■.■. l-:—ll-rr. At :i:r :-.^r f 

ho publi!iht.d hi> fani'-u? satir-. - Hi-.-,- -x.-.. ■ ..h.-— r. ':..• f-r-. . :, ~ :. ir \r. .;_-'-: )l:zz '. » 

vou to SatFron WaM^^n.* whii.":. :.- '-■:■ m-- i Y. ! r": r_ ":.. ":.-rrr :.'*-• . i:-i : r _••■:- rw> 

byway of farcft." ■Itichard LieL:.-. ;.' :ir -_r 7"-^ --- '■' T: .-•—-* Ac^ iri^y, I:-. !■»>; 

of Trinity (.'ollrj^. (.V.mbriiij-:* -- i * ■ -i..; :.- ■r\:.- .•-,: ':..- r.r?: j : :.:t- - : ,« • \';Ilai:e 

Hanw'tnc*? m-'r" r»-:-i|n»rd in Li- 'T:. ::;:::::._■ ^.i- .'-':- ":.-• K.il:.'. :rfc':i I::>-::i:: r.. nvA 

of Thrauas Na*h-* ( I'r.C i. Th- -: ^■. \:,\ L 1 1. >. :i.v -::=:^ ;■ -.-ir l.r U-v.^:-r zr ■: :Lr ori- 

however, ni.iw rt-aflR-d a climax, ar. : .:: 1 "».'.• ji:.i. :i-«>::i"-> ■:':;.■- >^.' ■"■-:; AcaivS'.v. t > 

it was "rilerr-f| by authv-riry ■ i!ij- ^.\\ >";:!-:.-.■> 'v;, — .- ~rT* ■ \l:t !*: n :n l"*!'? !:•■ L-'-.rril .::-l 

book«?s and Dr. llarvr-y*# l^r-.-kt- ''..f tuk* n — v-n ^v;ris. !!-■ !:■ w d-v v...! hin:>v'.: :.> 
wheresr«ver tht-y may W t"»'ir.d. n-..: 
nonet 
after' 

During the laltt-r y*far« of bis lif-r lUrwy b*- iiarufi! • (.' ■v-r.i'.:teT-ri VreaL-hinj." L'^il'vV- 
apjtears to hav** lived in r'-tirt^invnt in r.:- I*"0; • \'-\';v.'?.r.x~T^' Haptiim,' 10.M^1 ; 
native town. Hakfr*ay«; •! liave *r-:i ^n * Th- f::r'rr>.* ISU— i; 'A .Schiil-' SkHilin'.' 
eb'jjTonhim,coni|»OT'rdby '\V.P..-ar- '!:. is:-! IMrt; &,r.d •(^■;i":r.j xhr MaiiM.' I>4r- >; 
A" lt>%, when-by it ap[»Hur< he dir'i 'hat wiirk-. oharao:rri?-d by homfly iruih and 
year. By that it ^hnuld set-ni h-r jcucti^rd t-xet-lU-nt in>;j:.r into Scottish chanu'ter. 
phTsic,ond wa.«a pn-tt-ndtT to a*tr- I'ln.and which havt- Ko-me widely popuhir ihnuitrh 
so wa* his brother, JI. H.* iset' Sa/.f-r MS\ encravinir*. His otlur inijiortant tipun'- 
ia Cumbr. Univ. Library, xxxvi. i'S- 107 t. pirtun-s iiirl'iiir' * Shakr'-jx-sire lii*t\>r»' Sir 
The following i^ a list of Ilnrvev's prin- riiomas Liu\v.' IS-'^V-r: * A i':istawav,* ISJV*; 
cipal Latin writings: 1. • Uhelor. Aw -. * First Iteadini: "f tin* ItibU' in thi' i'ry]it of 
Dieruni Oratio de S'atuni. Arte ft Exercita- iSi. Piiur*.' lsl!*-40; and ' l>a\vn r»'\i'alinjf 
tione Khetoricft.'lo"". -*. 'CiceroniauM5..*ive th'' New AVorld to Columbus.' IS'»l*. IIi» 
(.htitio pn?t reditiim habita Cantabri^na> ad prudufi'd a few |»ortraits, sm-h iis thosr o( 
8uod auditoreR',' I'*i77. 3. 'Sraithu:^, vt-i .Mu- Prorfssur John M ilson, ISoI. mid llu* \W\. 
f^aTUIn Lachr\'m:e pro Obitii honorati?s. Viri Dr. .Ii^hn Brown, lS."i(\ Thouj:h most widely 
. . . Thomte Smith, Ksq. aur., Mnjestiitisine known by Ids titnm^pii'Min's. ho ranks even 
ReffiseSecretarii,' 1o7h. 4. *Xai^* vtd Gratu- hi^dier as a hindscftiv-paintcr. In this dc- 
lationum Valdensium Libri quatuour 'j*ii\^ partment nf art hi.* extnition is sinjrularty 
l")7r^. His En^'lish works, as editi-d hv I>r. ' i^iiontHnt'Ous and unlaboured, and in the ex- 
Gro«irt in tlireevoIumeSfCoraprise the follow- iiression of the ver^- sjiiril of bonier land- 
ing: 1. 'TheStorj-of Mercvl£arvey.'1574- r>, si-app, of the quiet sublimity of (;n'«t siretehtfi 
2, ' Lettera to and from I'Mmund Sp^^nser,' "f nmnded prasjiy hillf, he proves hinmelf. 
l'>79-80. 3. *Foure Ijettcra and eertainc Mn works like ' The Knterkin, 184(1, without 
Sonnets/ 1&9:2. 4. * A Letter of Notable Con- a rival among ^^cottish painters. Ilia land- 



ing's anu ±/r. iiarirv s trrjtir'r :.f iitA*-n — '^~- -^.ris. iiv [;■ w «-\ ^-...i ;;::i:sv.: :..» 

eresr«ver they may W t"»'ir.d. n-.l *;.a- rlj.--- ji:*. .r--. ■.: which :br -s:ib-re"s w.-re 

le of the .same bookcsbt-yverpri:.:'-.! :.'.>■- li- rivr^l fr :r. :L-. Li-tory :\nd tL-:- daily life 

er' (C'MiPEK. ,^Mf«rt' Otnf. ii. :li.ir;.. ■ :' -ho .Scor.i-h :.i-: >!i. Amonj th-.-e mav 



Harvey 



86 



larvey 



Bi'jvpes wi-re, for the most jiart, ibe work of 
lii» later life. Amontf the tinest of them are 
* Kerraiton,' 1857 ; * We Twa hoo puidlcH la 
the Itum,' 1H6H; ' Sheap-sh«nrinK.' l^oO ; 
'(lion Dhu, Arrftii,' IS'Jl : and ' Invt»rflniJin, 
!..x:h L-iniond/ 1870. In 1^29 llarvfv be- 
cune afull mem Vr of thp Scottish Anitiemy. 
Etowhoseintt.'Wfltit.initspiirlydftyi'orstrtiRirlp. 
he dovotwl hims^^-If uiiwciiriedly. In 18<i4 be 
fliiccet'Jed Sir Joliti Wnl^ui (iordon fii. v.' aa 

JirMsideiit.Hiul received the liounurot Imi^"lit- 
itxxl, and six years ]at<T Up publislu-d bis 
•Notes on the Early History of the Koynl 
Scottish Academy' (London, 1870, Hvo), 
pivinp^ciiriou!* parliculunt H-gnrdinfjits foiin- 
dattuiiand urct(fre88, u volume which altaitied 
a 8eeond edition in 187^. lii 18(17 he was 
elected a fellow of the Unyiil Sopielv of 
Kdinhiirj^b, In which li*'eonlrihnted,LM iK-e. 
186W,tt paper * On theCohmrof Ai-riul Blue.' 
He diod at Edinburgh on 'i'J Jiiu. 18;(t. Three 
of his worhfi are In the Nntioual (iiillery of 
Scotland ; his portrait hy K^btTt llerdman, 
U.S.A., and hi^ bust by Jcdin Mnicbif»f»n, 
K.S.A., an.' in the pn!s,*n,'i'sion of the ICnyul 
l<coI(it>li Academy. 

[ITarTfly'H Celplrt-at&l Piiinlingw, h Soleetion 
from the Work of .Sir Gcornr llttrvey. P.R.S.A.. 
irith descriplion'* by tlii' Ri-v, A. L. Simpwin, 
FJf.A. Seot.; RccolIwtioTiB nfSirOoorgo nar>'ey 
(priratply primed, 1888); Tnins. Horal Society 
of ?-dinlinrch, vol", vi. ix."] J. II. O. 

HARVEY, tJIUKOX (lfW0?-17fX)?), 

fliysieian, liorii in Holland probably between 
tl30 nntl !»i40, wa*; sou of John and Eliza- 
beth Iliiney, n« n])]»ear*i by bi« petition for 
denizalinn in KtlW ( Cut. Stiiff Pttfu'rn, iVmi. 
Series 1(MSI>-1). AccnrtlJnff tn bis own ac- 
count (in 'Casus Medico-Chirurpicu*'') ho 
learned Greek and Latin in the Low Coun- 
tries, and on 31 May Ifi55 mnlricnbited at 
Exeter CoUepv, O.xford, then nndt*r ibe rule 
of the energetie Or. (.'onaiit, where bestudit^d 
philosophy. On I Jun. ino7 he was entered 
nt Leyueu, where be stiidind medicine, ana- 
tomy, and bofnny.nttendinp aUoihe hospital 
practice of Pmfefisor van Linden. At the 
aame time, he jtayjt, be learnc^d phemistry 
from a (German, and received inMtnintJnu 
from A siirffoon and an flpotbecari,' in their 
ruajwetivearts. Apparently in thesaiuo vear 
ho paused to Paric, where he studied and at- 
toDUf^d the hoapitttls. He took his dep-efs of 
5I.R. and M.O. wbile making 'le jM-tit totir,' 
prolxibly at a .small French univernily. Ho 
yrn» probably very voiniff, but his Hubeequeiit 
boast that he toolf hi^ final de^^^ in his 
seventeenth year is an obvious exagfperation. 
After completing Iiis studies in Paris he re- 
ttimed to Holland, and was made a fellow 
of the College of Pbysicloiu at tho Hague. 



I Then* (lef'm^i to bi; no authority for WoodVl 
Atalement that he waa phvAicinn tn Charlea It 
I when in exile. Harvey wai* in I^mdon during 
j the inlerre^ium, and on <t July 1050 waa 
' nppoinled hvthc comroitteeof safety, on tltoJ 
motion of l>e»borow, to go an phv$ictan to*l 
Dimkirk (i6. HVoQ-Ull, p. M). Whether ho 
I actually went there ia not clear, but after 
< the lleMoration he appears a^ physician, or 
I doctor-peneral, to the king'a anny in Flan- 
der«.. \\'earyinji of this emploj-roent he re- 
fiigncd.truvelUtl through Oermanyand Italy, 
I and ufterwurds settled ax a physician in Lon- 
I dnn. He ne\er belonjied to the College of , 
I Physicians, but at Hr»t was on good terms 
I with that body, and tirokcof it in on anony- 
' moil!; pamphlet published in 1(!70 with great 
respect (*i* The Accomplixht Phtffirian^ &c.) 
\ About 107o he was made physician to 
I Charles II. In U'7h be was called, in con- 
' »idtatitm with olber physicians, to attend a 
' nobleman (Charle?, lorri Mohun, father of 
j the more not oriouaduelliiit), who bad received 
I a wound in a duel, of which he ultimati;ly 
diet! lAVoop). nar\-ey, pleading that he was 
commanded by the king to write an account 
of iho case, made it the occasion of virulent 
personal attnckfl, under feigned names, on the 
other physicians concenu-d {fagus Mfdir^ 
Chinirfji*vM\, Ho waa already in bod odour 
with the profession for some rnthcr discredit- 
able pulilieat ions on venereal disea^e^, and for 
a hooK iif |^.^puInr medicine (' The Family Phy- 
Kicinn,* .Sje.), which was displeasing to tho 
H(>otbecaries, Wcause it revealed wt'nMs of 
their trade. Five years later (16d;i) Harvey 
published a scurrilous attack on the College 
of Physicians, under the title of 'The Con- 
clave of PhysiciauR.' The scene is supposed 
to be laid in Paris, but fniiuent London phy- 
sician!* wen* abused under snircely veilwidid- 
piiiscs. ('barh-R 11, who had a strong leaning 
towards irregular dticiurs, ftennt!* to have in 
some w-Hvcouutenaneed, and perlmpsenjoyed, 
tbi.>t attack on thx in*:titiition of which he waa 
tho ofHcial patron ; hvit from a contemporary 
pamphlet ^' Gideon's Fleeco,' a poem, Ito, 
low, attributed to l>r. Thomas Guidott[q.v,]^ 
p. 9) it apfieors that he was believed to uavs 
interferer! in order to soften the aaperitv of 
an attack on the illustrious AVillia. The 
pamphlet called forth an anonymous reply 
(*A DiaIo|fue IwiwiteuPhilinterand Momns/ 
IfiWJ) besides the very* ])oor poem '(iideou'a 
Fleece.' Ilaney nevertlndesa prosjiered in 
practice, and, though he held no court op- 
puintmcnt under James II, was made in the 
first year of William and 5lary* their ma- 
jesties' physician of tlie Tower,' a lucrative 
ainecurPj which he enjoyed til! his death, 
probably about 1700-2, and in which he wu 



Haniej- 



• co|iioiis wriier. bi* hi? -■■oMa ian a? sclfz^ 

Ufic Talnr. uid a?( d:*£rar^ ^ pfrscc:^!:- 

ti« u vcjl SA br sni'-j^iaed «ite=:T-':5 : > 

pin pt^mlArirr. I21 « li>:i:^ rn zh* Tcr-^r:^! 

4i«aee. for infsanc?. h? ikir|C£ t!i.t ilsTTvii:- 

*Me artifice of peorawarg « *«:??: c:z7e, ■""lici 

be don noc divalj*?-. siaprrii-r *? tb-rtsr- r=.-e5- 

titmed ia ih* bc>:>k. His oaly 9ctt1«- :■> 

budictne wa; xhax of ridjeolin^ c<=-r:Ai3 cli- 

*orld pr^p&ratiood.. sbeHica. s:ilr^i*:i::a. 

^. tnoiuoDAllT pres€rT(rti in the * Ivrnira 

IWnucopJtiA.' bu: onuiie.^ :a:he nex: orn- 

toiT. C»n the oih-H" h*nd l:-.- wis a Jeier^ 

Oined opponent of P^mria-i bark. C»=* of 

kisworfe, a coUcctk-n of r&ndosi cHt-ci»ms 

^ medical pranitv. with an injnical tUIe. 

'The Art o( C orinff I>i*;«ses by Expectation.' 

Quired some reputation on the eontioent. 

'h^ugh the patronage of a far zr^ater man, 

^>eoige Emes't Stahl, vho publisht>l a Latin 

^trsion with long notes of hi^ Mwn. imbued 

^th a kindnd scepticism, and in thi» form 

*l provoked some controversy. Late ia life 

tjarrev published a recanta't ion of *':»me of 

^is earlier doctrines, under the title of 'The 

A'anities of Philosophy and Phy^ick,' a prij- 

feasion of general scepticism mingled with 

new hypotlieses. 

Harvey's works have, however, the merit 
of a lively and witty style, though the hu- 
mour is often very rough. They ivftect light 
on medical customs and persons of the time, 
and thus have some hi::torical value. His 
portrait was engraved by Pierre Philippt' in 
1663 for his ' Archelogia,' and appears in a 
smaller form by A. Hertocks iu * Morbus An- 
glicus* and other works. He is repn*senti'd 
as a handsome young man with a look of 
much self-sufficiency. 

Harvey's writings, all issued in London, 
were: 1. * Archelogia Philosophica Xova, nr 
XewPrinciplesof Philosophy containing Phi- 
losophy in deneral, Metaphysicks,' &c., 4to, 
1(J03 (with portrait). 2. ' L>iscnurs(^ of the 
Plague,' 4to, 1005 ; 2nd e<lit.8vo, 1673, with 
the following: 3. 'Morbus AngUcus, or the 
Anatomy of Consumptions,' 8vo, l(i(it> ; 2nd 
edit. 1(37J. 4. 'The Accomi)lisht IMiysi- 
cian, the honest Apothecary, and the skilful 
Chynirgeon,' 4to, 1670 (anonymou?, but 
undoubtedly IIar\'ey's, though commonly 
ascribed to Christopher Merrett). o. * Ijittle 
Venus Unmasked, 12mo, 1671. 6. '(treat 
Venus Unmasked, or a more Exact Discovery 
of the Venereal Evil,* 8vo, 1672 (the two 
latter appeared in several editions with dif- 
ferent titles). 7. 'Be Febribus Tnictatus 
Tbeoreticus etPiacticus,' 8vo, 1672 ; English 



7 Harvey 

br J. T^ >T4. >- • TV P..smse -f LoQi-\=, 
-■- a i-fw r^jo'verr .Nf tie S?crT*v." Mv'*, 
:■:". i*. • T:ie Fazu'ly PiTs:.>:Aa*=.-lIoc-*f 

ap::JiTC*rT." >■=:, I'Ct*; isi e«i::, It-rs, 
I','. 'C-a*^ Mr*i_.->4rh>.ir*^Ir';iSs cc a m,>ii: 
MTC=>rail- Cije .-: a N.-VU-=ifc= devvdkMU/ 
•T?. IcC>, 11. ■ T^T Co-v-Uve ,-: PhyKclans, 
il*:- » pfoiliar r»:>v-:-.ir*e of :lif J-rtiu::'* bars,' 
li^-CicIS?; i^^.i«^i::. :dr*i. ll\ * IV scour^o 
r: :i.^ Snii: Pi and Mal:*r:*=: Fevers, 
w::!: la rXAc": lXs.werv of the S«.vr\i'v.' 
l:hn.-. itSN\ IS. * Thv Art .-f Our.:^: Ra^-»--^ * 
by Eipec:a:;.^r..' l-*=:.\ I'.is.^; Ijtia. l*v.:don, 
l'v*4: also t-i.-.t-i by StahL * .Vrs Sanaiuii 
c=za Elxi>rc:atior.-.-.' ^>5"-r.l**,h, ir;V: Par.*, 
irS'.\ 14. "Trt-arii^of the ^^aiail Pox ar.d 
Mea^'.e-C li^sio. Ir^. lo. • Parioalar P:*- 
o*?ttrw on C>p:uai." io., Svo. ItWi. U\ 'Tiu* 
Vanities of Phi'-^.^phv and Phvsiok," i^v\^ 
UW: 3rd«i::. I7ifJ. ' 

IIvRVET. OiDR>x. the youn*:t^r v,U**»i^-'- 
1754 1. physician, son oi i he elder li idtvn Har- 
vey, bom apparently in LvMidon. i* mt-nt iono.l 
by bis father in bis • Art of Ciirin,: l>isea>'.^* 
by Expectation " vp.224> as a student at U-y- 
den. where he eniervd on the phih^^pliy liu:', 
PJMay U»SS llegniduattHl M.lKof ilwt uni- 
versity in ItilXl. with a dissertiUion • IV Febrv* 
Ardente." In 16V*S he wa.-* erenteil by rvwal 
letters doctor o( meilioine of Cambridj:x\ iw 
a member of Catharine Hall. He w:i.-* lul- 
mitted candidate of the College of Phvsieinn-* 
ofLondon.a.Vprilltiin».iindiV'llow2i*.Miireh 
1702-3. and held otHoes iti the ci>lleg»'. 
About l70Lt -2 he was ni»|Miinied the kinj;'.'* 
physifiiin to the Tower, us it would seem in 
succession to his father. He dictl in l7olor 
the following year. U'lng tht-n the olde-*t 
fellow of the coUeg**. He iloes not apju'iir 
to have published anything. 

[Wooil's Atlunie Oxon. ii. Ii,'i7. ihI. 17-_'1 ; 
Peacock'^ Kii^[i>h-s(>i'rtkinu Stiiilciits at I,r_vd< 11 
tlnili'X StK'ii'tvl. ISM.J, p. 47; Hjirvcv's Work-< ; 
Muiiks Coll. l.f V\i\->. ii. lu ^ISrH).]' J. V. \'. 

HARVEY or HERVEY, IlKMtV, 
LL.l). (c/. loS.")). masler of Trinity Hull, 
Cninhritlge, was snn of Itolierl llarv.'v of 
Stradbroke, Sull'olk.nnd Joun, hi-4 wifo. lUi 
was educated at Trinity Hall, Cunihrid^io, 
where he took the tli-jjrn'i' of l.li.lt. in l.'i.'lN, 
nnd of LL.D. in lol2. On l7 Jan. LMU- 
loot) he was admit t I'd an advocate at Dttetors' 
Conimonr). lli> gained nineh rrpnlalioii nn 
an ec'desinsliciil lawyer, and was apjtoinleil 
vicar-general of his diocesi- by Kidley, l)inliop 
of JjfUidon, and subseciiu'nt ly vicar-geiu'ral 
of the province of ('anterbury. Ili.H |irin- 
ciples were ])lia)>le in matters of religion, and 
he found litth> dilHcultv in retaining Win pre- 
ferments by adapting himself tu each sue- 



II. 



■'A 



( 



- v-: :i \l-,v 
- -.v ~ u" ;':.'■ 



,t II... 



r:[: 



h. V. 



:i II r^. HARVEY. -;:: lirXK^' . 1::;:-1-I<.m. 

., , -.1 ,,r .■.!;., .,1. ... .-.,1 , ■ ;■ l;i.!.:il-.t Uuv\>-\ >'l' 

\>. \l M\ f i;;i-'i', i<i K'-i.;. :• I"-— iit.it'x.- <•( ii t'aniily 

'■ . I ../I Imm;.. •.■•\[,:\ [y, :l.:it I.. -I;l.MiTliM.iil.aii.lri.n- 

■ V iiii;' ii-«-l''I li\ i:iiiiT;;t;.'' wi;h Sir IViroy lir.il 

■ I li->ii •[. \. , \\:i- l.>rn 111 .liih' ir-'!7. iitiil luiviiii.' 

I >.!'!> I- ( ■ i\.'l lii.- •■iirl\ '■.linatiuii in rKcol.' U.iynlf 

'. Ii i1 ill- I.i \l:iriti-' III ("iiliii":, t-iiti.Tt'il llii- liaw ill 

■■ I i) M.iv I7-"'! wiili Cajiraiii Cn-liy mi lumni tin* 

. . ) '.III ail r. Ill l:ii-.alHl aft crwanls ITI tilt' Ni^'lit- 

' !■ Ill' all', till' L.'i''':i'»'i' ]i!irl I'l'Iii* jiiiiiMr tinif was 

■ 111. I Ml] llic Nortli Viut'riraii statimi. In 

■ ■' I. ■, In- wa-i pf.iiiu'i. il In 1)0 lii-iiti'uant of till- 
x\ - < I l.ini|i- lull', a 1-1 oil ilto Nun li Anirriran and 
\\ .■ I liiiliaii .^laliiHl-^; and l'v<mi her was 
iii,i\,.l (.'I III' llii--:ir. V Iii<-li \va>\vr('(:l\<'il olV 
( HI.- I'l.ni.v'is :'.". Ma\ ITtii' m-c Cakkkit, 
i;.>r.ii;i . Iliiii^ ivli-av.'il on imrolt,' In- re- 
iiiiiii-,! i.> )'!ii:;lanil in tlir I'ragon, nn )>oaril 



hf B^e thr arqvaintanoe of the Ilaa. 
[CaaatuiiisM! Phippo, afterrftnU lord Mnl- 
pvt '<{. T.j, andft lord of the admiTtiltr. at 
Uul tsmt one of the Dnkgon's liti^iittmBni.t. 
la 1763 BtrrtT' w«s first lii^utenant of tht; 
*" " 1, •eain on the cojt*t nf Xorth Aine- 
;uidin l7d4-ocomiiiamled the Mi^Ialt-n 
idMuner, eiDpIn%-«l in the (ritlf of St. Ijtw- 
MoefforthepivventKinof illirit inide. From 
ITi^twITTlhecommandiHl thf ^^wift r^Ttmui' 
cLt'i-r in the t'hann*'! am! Xnrrh Stm : and 
tfi-»i iwrt Tears mi balf-pay b*- w a?, in Murvh 
1773, iin it.-«l hv t'a|itftin Phijiw to g*> with 
knniAfinii lieutenant of the lUcvhorw' on 
iiiturag^ of disooverr towards the North 
P'>li?. On the return nfiheexpedition he was 
promoted to be commander, l-j Ik-t, 1773. 
In Janaarr 1770 Hant>v waa appointed to 
the Martin cKvip, in wliirh be eerveil under 
laptam (nfternards Sir Charles) Douglas {rl. 
i^) \(i. v.] at the Tflief of (Quebec. He 
tli<n j<^iineil the squadron undf-r Admiral 
il«nlajru at Newfouodbind, and in Mav 1777 
*ij) iirsmoted t-i the command of the S<{iiir- 
ftl frigate, emplored for the next eighteen 
BKfiith? on convoy dntr. He was then aj»- 

rfifinte*) t'l the rVmvert of ii'2 puns; assisted 
pitier (.'nptain iljdeon at thf? n*lief of Jer- 
Mr m .Ma\ 1779; commande<l a &ma11 mjuu- 
dmn »?nt off the Isle of Man lo look for 
Pinl Jonc^ ; convoved tho trade to Quebec 
and home: and was, in December 1771', sent 
out to join the flag of Sir George Kodney 
in the 'Ve<t Indiea, where the Convert was 
chiefly employed in active crnising and scout- 
ing, but waa with the fleet in the action oft* 
Dominica on ItJ .\pril 178*i. In the folUnv- 
" • August she woj^ sent bome wilh convoy. 
Morrh 1786 Harvey watt ap[>otnted lo the 
fripite; hut wa* shortly aft4TWftrds 
^^rwl to take temporary command of the 
>ga»ii:^, fitting for yewfoundlund and the 
est Indies. At this time Princo William 
nry waa first lieutenant of the PegnsuB, 
id it VTM underatood that when she was 
idv for :$e>a he was to take the command. 
waa a delicate duty wblcli Harvey dis- 
,rged wilheonsidernhlelact. Heafterward^ 
ioiiiiMl rheUoAe,and inAuguittthetwoi^hipH 
lied trtgi'ther forXewfoundlonil. The lio»e 
umed to KngUnd in 1 788, and was paid oft' 
the following year. During the armament 
ta 1 790 Harvey for a few months commanded 
in cuccesaion the Alfred and the ('olo.'«>>iiirt: 
id in 1703 wa.'tappointefl to the RamillicH, 
tch joined the Channel fl>>ft tinder Lonl 
[owe, and took a dt.«tingui!the<l part in the 
ittle of 1 June 17^*4 [for ihe Itamillies' 
ief of the Brunswick', commanded by 
eyV bftther, (mk- Hakvet. Joiiy, 1740- 
].' On 4 July 1794 Uon-ey vcta pro- 



moted lo be pmr^dnural. oitd tns immedi- 
ately ordered lo take command of a sroal^ 
n]iMHn.in in the North Sea. In Januarv ITdo 
he hoUjed his flag on board ibe IVfncc of 
Wales. attache<l to the Channel tleet, and 
took port in the action off L'Orient nn 
'JH June, remaining through the winter lo 
corer the landing in t^uiberon Hay, under Sir 
John Itortaie Warren [q. v.] In.Vtiril 17IHJ 
he was apjK^inted commander-in-ohi<*f in tho 
Leeward Islands, and in the following Ftv 
bruary, jointly with Sir Ralpli Abercromby, 
took poesession of Trinidad, after desimying 
thn* of the enemr's f^hip^ of the line. An 
attempt on Porto ^ico in April failed, owing 
to the unex|iec!ed strength of the defences. 
In July 179(1 Harvey rvsigni-d (he command 
t" Ijord Hugh Seymour, and ivtiimed to 
Kngland iu the dmcnrde frigalt*. He had 
been alreadr nominat<il a K.ll., and wtis in- 
vested with the in.«ignia of the order in Ja- 
nuary ISOO. In the summer he hoisted his 
flag in the Royal Sovereign as second in com- 
mand of the Channel fle^'t, under I^rd St. 
Vincent, and in tbi(>>iMi)ct he remained tillthti 
peace of Amien-*, with which his active wr- 
Tire termiiiatetL Heattained the rank of ad- 
miral on tiS .\pril IKW: anddif*l«t Walmer 
28 Dec. 1810. He married Klijtiibeth, daugh- 
ter of Captain William Poys. for many ycnra 
lieutenaut-govemor of Greenwich Hivpital, 
and had issue, among others, Vice-odmiral 
Sir Thomas Huney, K.C.B. (177&-ltf41) 
[q. v.] 

[Knlfe'a Naral Biopmfhy. ii. 98; fJeatson'* 
Kav.and Mil. Memoin; Jama's Naval Uistory] 

J. K. 1.. 

HARVEY. JOHN fI563?-lfi92), astro- 
loger, bom at S4iflron Walden, Essex, was son 
of a miL^ter rn|H'nmkiT there, and younger 
Imither of liabrii'l Harvey j\. y.] and of 
Richard ^c^^ey [ij. v."^ He nialnculattsl as 
a pensioner of IJui-ens' Cnlleu'i', Caiiibridge, 
in June 157K, and graduated B.A. lotfO, and 
M.A. UVJ. In 1587 the university granted 
him a license to prncti.«e physic, and he hc- 
eame o prnclitioner at King's Lynn in Nor- 
folk. Robert Greene'* contemptuous refer- 
ence to Harvey and Huney's father and 
two brotliert* in his * (^niptie for an Upstart. 
Courtier' (1 55)1* ) led to Gabriel Harvev'a 
well-known defence of his family in hia 
' Foure Letters' (l-'iO^). Gabriel describes 
John as *a i>roper toward man,* 'a skilful 
physician,' and a Sf.D. of Cnmhridge, and 
TOpnfions that he died, oged *J'*. shortly 
after returning to Lynn from Norwich in 
July \'i^'2. lie .-(iipplies n Lntiii epitaph. 
*Jnhn Harvev'.i Welcome to Rtdwrl Ortrene' 
is the title of' a ftonnet included in Gabriel 
Ilarvev's ' Fourc Letters.' 



Harvey 



90 



Harvey 



llarrejr poblJabed: 1. 'An utxolo^oaU 
addition or sv^leoient to be annexed to the 
Uto discourse <_br his brother Richard liar- 
Tey, q. T.l upon the Great Conjiinctinn of 
SstumAmrJupiter.toffetherwith the Learned 
Wnrke of Hermes Trismegistiis intituled 
latromuthematica, that \n hi^ Phyt>iml Ma- 
thfmati([Ut'8. . . . l^U-ly cnclisIitHl by Ifhu 
Harvey at the rt'iiui-st of M. Charles P.* 
Loiiilon, l'>^ (by Kiciuird AVatUns), 8vo. 
The last portion of ihe b«K)k, the ' learned 
Worke/ is alone in the British Mnscuni 
Librnry. 'J. * A Discoureivc Probleme con- 
ctTUtng Prophesiea, how far thev are to bo 
valued or t-redited,' Lotidun I J. Jackson for 
Richard WuikiasK 15H8, 4to (Brit. Mur.) 
a, ' An AlmanflCKe or anni.iall Calendar, 
with a ComptindioiiA Pro^oatication for . . . 
15H9,' London, 1568, hvo (Lambeth). 

[CooptT'n AtheoK Cioitahr. iL 126-7 ; Giibricl 
HnrroTit Work*, ed. Orowirt. i. 187-8. 249. 2.;S ; 
Brit. Mus. Cut. ; lliulitt's BiblingraphicU Col- 
IttCtiona] S. L. L. 

HAKVEY, JOHN (1740-1714), captain 
in the navy, third »on of Uicbard IlarvcT 
of Eostry in Kent, and younger brother of 
Admiral .Sirlltjurv Ilaney [((. v.], was bom 
on 9 July 17-40. Jn ITo') hejoined the Fal- 
mouth with Captain William Brett, and 
from her was promoted to be lieutenant on 
SO Jan. 17i>y. After the peaoe he c<immanded 
the Alarm cutter, mi the coimt of ScttTlond, 
from ITmi to 17(W, when In* wan promoted 
to tlie rank of commander and placed ou half- 
poy. In .Innuary 1770 he was appointed to 
the SiMjedwel! sloop ; and in September 1777 
woa (Kwted fntm her In the runt her of ftO 

Sins, 00 tinfi'-CHptuin tuKear-udminil Koberl 
ufl" [f|. v.] in the Mediterranean. Tlie Pan- 
ther was employed in the defence of (Gibral- 
tar durinff thf early part of th«f oiepe in 1771*- 
1780; hut in July lYttO she .-iailod for Kngland ; 
nnJ in November was sent out t-o the AV(«t 
Indies in the squadronunder Sir Samuel Hood 
[q. V.]; but heiup found barely seaworthy 
relumed to Knplund in thefoUowintJsuramer. 
J^arly in 17B"J Harvey was appointed to the 
tSamp-«on of (U giins, which formerl part of 
the CHuinnel fleet, and wa» present iil the 
relief of (iibraltar and the rencounter oft'Cajw 
Simrtel. In 1787 lie waarepiiiterinf; captain 
at Iteal; fmm 1788 to i/iW he commanded 
the Arrogant tnu^rdiihip at SheerneKA ; and 
in February 1 71KI was appointed I o t ho Bruns- 
wick of 74 puns, one of the Channel Ueet 
under Lord Howe. (.)n t Juno 1701 she was 
the Queen Charlotte's second a^teni, but was 
separated from her by the close order of the 
yranch line astern of the Jacobin [see Howk:, 
RiCHAKD, Eakl]. Uan-ey attempted toforce 



■a opening ahead of the Veng>pur, when th 
Brunswick's starboard anchor hooked in thfl 
Vengeur'a foreehoins and d^lpgt^d the \'en-^ 
peur alon^ with her. The ma-iter ]inji>o?e ' 
to cut her free. * No,' said Horrey, *s 
we've got her we'll keep her.' The Iwo shi| 
remained firmly CTappled through a groat par 
of the bailie. Towardti the clo!>e other Lng 
liah ships came to the Brunswick's help : and' 
the RamiUies poured two tremendous raking 
broadsides into the \"enjreur. The frrappling, 
had been cut awoy, bnt after o short time tha| 
^'engenr, di8nm»ledandw*ithihi> water mm 
Ln^ in through her 'mushed -tide, showed Kng 
liali colours in token of surrender. The BruB 
wick, not having « boat thai could swii 
was unable to take pooMAsion, and the Ve 
gcur dropping astern was endeavouring 
make on when she was brought to by tb 
Culloden and Alfred. Every eJlbrt was mad 
to remove her men, but she sank with mor 
than lialf her cnaw still on board. Tho^ 
Brunswick, severely damaged, had fallen far 
to leeward, and being unable to rejoin the 
fleet bore up, an<l reached Spit head ou the 
ll'th. She had lost 44 men killed and 114 
wounded. Early in the action Harvey's right 
hand was shattered by a mu.-sket-ball : after- 
wards he was stunned by a heavy spliutor 
striking him in (he s^mall of the back : and 
a roimd shot ail^envarda smashed his right 
elbow. He wa» landed at Portsmouth, where 
bediedon 30June. lie was buried at I*!aslryj| 
but a monument, jointly to his memory ancT 
that of t 'aptain Hutt ol the Ijtieen, wlio 1 
died of his wound.-t, was erected, at 
national expense, in Westmin.-iter Ahb«?y. 

Harvey married, in 1763. Judith, daughte 
of llenrj' Wise of Sandwich, by whom h»^ 
had n large family, including Vice-admirul 
8lrJohu Harvey [q. v.], Admiral SirKdwnnl 
Harvey [q. v.], and Sarah, who married her 
flrst cousin, \ icA-a<lmiral J?ir Thomas Har-^ 
vey [q. v.] Hi-s eldest son, Henry W'is«, 1 
only one that did not wrve in the navy, wa 
' afVerwanl.i represented in it bv two sonsi 
John, bom 1703, died, a retired captain, il' 
i 1883, and Henry Wise, died, a retired lieu 
tenant, in 1801. 

[Bulfu's Nov)d Biogmphy. ii. 113; Xava 
I Chruniele, lii. 241. Tlie extraordioary duel 1 
tvi^Lt) the Bruiuwick and Vengeur is def«riL 
b; Jiiiucs, NiltaI Uiittory (ed. 1860], i. 178. a 
by Chev;»liiT. Hinloire do la IHaririe frant^it 
SfUis hi prpiniftre Iti'-puhliquo, pp. 140, 159-61 
Comi>ur<:i also Carlylc'a Essay oo The fSinking c 
the vuiigfur.] J, K. L, 

HARVEY, Sm JOHN (1772-1837), ad-, 
miral, second son nf Captain John llarve 
la. v.], aftor sen'ing as midshiuraim of tfa 
Kose with hia uncle, Sir Henry Harvey [q>v.] 



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1 1 t- ' L 1 1 I I- 1 ] i> iM\rsi' ot 1 111' lifiinlt ol liivl mill iii^ isii-inti".. 

kt^T>iD?a liiilies school, and puhii^Iu'd * ll.w- ,., , > ,i i 

monddt' Percv, or the leminT ol till- lomli.a ... i . v i i ,i < ■ 

romantic melndrania (Bishop A\ i-anuiMith. ., r n i i ^ 

l^:i:il. In the preface she invoKi's th<- sptni , . ■ , n i i-,i i , . 

derland lu April 1^:*L'. bhu wrote some ollu-r ,, ■ i i.m - • i 

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on 18 June 1B.>>< ((wntt.Mm/. 1^>N ii. I'Dii). . n ^ i . ,. i i • .i 

\w- x\ • ■ ^ f ■ . ii nti'Id >' liiii' hi'lwi'i'ii llii> lii.hi'p. riml lln-ir 

Mia* llar^'eva sister Jane was a paiiilfr , ,. , ' , 

« - . . ' • 4 1 \f . .1 ■ iipponi'iits.imil Iiir«'Hi'r\«'lir--oM'ri I liiiijniiiiHt 

of miniatures on ivory: Andrew Jlortun. thi' ..'',. . i . ■ i • i . i 

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If i I""" '" 'liJ-I'iili'. Ill' I' (■nniv'''l I'V >ii-ln' 

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I iiijf wilh lim bliinl iMTKiinuiMn*! In Utlfb ii|i n 

HABVEY, RICHAUD (//. iHlJa?), aK-j nroiKMliatioii iN'twnt Murl md I Mml- 

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hufatherwmsaropemaker, and wasa brrjther I Hidi' of Mii< eoiitr'tvi'niyi '<iid iiiiittf #«|if(Hil)v 



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■, . (.. M.-iir.- ilip. :_;. .'-- ■■-*. '-" .:: . '. - v -r. £;vr.. :in I ?■■*. rl;..- >Iiip 

',, ■ \ •.' I mi I niTfi*.''''- ■. r..-- I^ ' — . -_■ : . I".-:_-l.-.i: i ir. 'I'.-j aiiTuum 

.! ( Ii:lf)iiir-t ;ir.'.. :" " ■" ". ':{ ." v -a .-.r. wi-- .nt'-: -Liiriy i:i llio 

... II .»:., Ill, ll!'!*lir :" ::,-..: ■ ..- - '.'j.: 'Sl.:--^::.:. Atx^Au-^ to 

. . III1--I ii <|.iii;.'li*»'r ' t' •'.■ f. -" ". • . !>■.'.':■'; l.r- ;t!^*'rw:iriU fiini- 

■.. ,,. I |..i.ih''l M-ifi •....'. ': • . ^.--7- ::i -::.:■ N.rth S.-:i. In 

. . . ,■ .,..„„ I. llrir\.->'. .Ti:; >"■ : ■".- u -::::.:- * :i (.".It.. :ai.l 

, , J ,, ;. "I : l'fik-li'(-t jc:i- iV ;,, ;-; ' - >_'. :.,. i ^- .-.-ruaiul 01' l!l>.' 

'..i,|i; , I-. 'l-rii- N :■::.:■■■ t7.:.: j-.T>!::i. m SL-vrr;...^-. 

lMnt!i-' .Mr. ;>. ;;. '■■ ;. '., -v...* -■■,;•.--. .:..'. i.n nvaiiiin:^ 

.. , ; II .n.\ ali. i-pil.- hi- t^i_ r: :.' J ::■■■. Ir. Ajri! l^:i:: li-- was 

. , 1. Im \ III •■ IN t.hi- ii^.i-1-.t K ' ' !!..?-■ .!:'.:■. \ :i'*-ii.i:ii;:;il>.iii li'.laii. 

..,'■ !i '. I'liiili'l »' l~^i7.-ii.i :•: M.irih IS-'Imik ai>it<>int<-il u\ 

■: ..'lull.' lor-'t. rh" I.' tr.iiiaii.i-ML-v-:.:'!' .:i rh- \\ i-.-r in.li.-s. :v 

11 .■iiiiiiim pr'i- j,'.-T pr.v;..u-!;." '.;-M ty hi- tathor aiul hi-* 

.. 1.1 ' l,<in<liiii. c'lii-iii .I-i'.iii. ll-.j-'vl &' l>-ruuiila. 'hiriiii^ 

■. ■. ..1 ..I' 1;. .A. hi- i-nur- .-i* ..:V;e-. i"^ May 1^1. llarv.-y 

■ ! r.uH.-. iiikI iiiiir:i--.J, in M.-irch lMi."i. !iis lir.si i-(ni>in, 

■ I , ).\ I'lhti Sfirali. ■hni::h'>r I't* Captain .luhn llarvi-v 
.. 'ii I .III nl' ( I74M-I7'.M 1 n. v.'.andhy h.-rhiul thn-r.<ons, 

, I I. li. ■■.-.«•(! lit' whniii Th.iiiia^. LiirTi in ISIO, (Vv.-d a rojir- 

.; . !i. ii.ihh' ii.hiiinil in l"-'!*', ami Id-nry. hnni in \x\'J, 

ilicil anailmiral in 1^*^7: thi' third. Willianj, 

\\....r, wa^ in hnly iirth'r.<. 

't '■»■ * ■' [ .Miiis-hall ;! Iiiiy. Nav, IJio^. Ii. (\v\. i, pt. ii.) 

\ *. •■'•' n', 7!i7 ; O'livriif'- Nav. Vi'u'i:. Jiji-t. s. 11. 'Thom;\3 

^ .. > * l-'-.l. liarvc}- ;■' I'liirci Sinifi- -Man. 1841. i»t.iii. llll.| 

V . 1 . »;.....i I J. K. L. 

■■ ".iM. HARVEY, THOMAS (I8I1'- 18^4), 

■ M. u>\ ninilitT, wits Imrn iit Hiirn.«h'y in Yor]tshiri» 

L ■ ■».'. til IHI:;, hi** luiTLMit.s ttf'infj members of tlie 

.1, , ;i.n Siifii'ty ul' Friends. In liS22 ho wusst'nt to 



Harv'ey 



93 



Harvey 



Fntad* acbool nt Ackwarth, York^liirv, 
9 br nmuiw^ for sbout Xhnv \car^ 
llj •fter I«»viiiif schiwl hv wus «ppn»n- 
tieed to W. *oil T. S<.i»thntl, ihemu-tn ami 
4nigffUt« of Binnini^liBtii, and iluriiis liU n{»- 
lUKiitionhip madf t ht- attjiiBintAtK*!- of Jost'jili 
Slv^[i|. T.] He .*ubi«NiUfmly eommeaced 
Hiu a eaa . a« a cU^mUt in L*^». From hU 
yovfa Uurer took great tnltrvst in philan- 
tknpie morement&, and in iKJtf hv accuni- 
luied Siurgv to the Vt'vst Indies |n mak^ 
laquiriM ititn tlie oindiiion uf tlu* utyrot^s 
■n the Kngliiih colnnic>s, viMtinf; Antij^ua, 
HoilKnmi, I>omiuica, St. Lucia. Itarbadocs, 
Jaaaiea. He rvtumed intlie followinf^ 
', and in IStH ptibli^lted, loffi^ibtT iR*ith 
StBfge, a U'ugtliy rvporl. He (fare muoh 
tide to promotintf mejwures for ibi' n-lief 
•f tbe n?c«*nily emancipated *lave*, tlien in ' 
* (l<>plonLblL> condition. In the autumn of i 
'"^""flUarTeTaccompMiiedSturpeto Kinland. | 
^Vliil^ the BritLBb uwt WBfi AtationtHl on tlm I 
fitltic.much damnpT hnd be»>nd(ini'totliepro- ' 
Pwtj of ihi* unarmed inhabitanti^, in cpiln uf 
tfH'disajipnivaloftlie nduiiral.-. Stur^'L-pub- 
lahrd n report of this Ti&it in tlie same year, 
ud with ilaney formed a committee, which 
ni^ed, chiefly from members of the Society 
(^ Friend.*, a sum of 0,000/. for the natives. 
Harvey and Sturge were thanked by the 
ctar. In ls*Mi Harvey again viditedJamaii-n, 
accoropaiiie<l by Thomas Ilrewin. to iiiqiiin? 
into the 'Gunhm ' riots of iNio, and to dis- 
tribtit/^ amon^ the fiufli'rers fundx .^iiitHenbed 
by the Rrilisli Friends. In IH>7 Haney 
published a narrative of h\& lour, and, ac- 
companied by Isaac Uob^on [d. 188>>), nuulo 
journey to thf colonies of Mennonitea in 
nhem Uus$iia, who suflferod for their re- 
|i|g;iou5 !H:rup1e^ against bearing arms. liar- 
y snperititende<l the removal of a great 
of the Mennonilea to Canada, where 
le Fri4*Tid<4 found meaiu for their settlement, 
n 1867 Harvey rvlire<l from Imsinena, and 
demoted him.<w-lf to phitantlinjplc utid chari- 
blework inLocnU nndobiewhere. For many 
ears he aeted as honorary secrolary of the 
utitution for blind and deaf mutes. In 
ay lt<i<i the London yearly meeting nf thr 
iKiety of Friends appointed Harvey with 
wo cfiUeaj|{'ue»4 ah a deputation to their ro- 
iigioni^ts in (Vnada, among whom there 
ist«d doctrinal diflVreueeA. The miaaion 
as auccewful, hut the labour injuretl his 
ftlreody feeble health. He ditnl on i!o Hce. 
At hia retidence at Ueadingley, near Ijeedti. 
e wu buried four dayti later in the Friends' 
rial-groumi at Adel, near Leeds. He lel^ 
widow and one »on. 

Har^'ey was a man of considerable srient ific 
Ad^uirvmmts, a good cUsbical and Hebrew 





Mholar, and a conxieatioiu student e\'fti ta 
hifr old nge. He was a$ remai^uble for seven* 
integrity in business as for his g«ntl«aewuid 
retioemeut in pnvatelife. He wu a monbar 
of the Leedft school board during its eftriiftr 
year^, and waA alwaya a lealous promoter of 
ediu*ation. A clear and simple apeftker and 
eftirient preacher, he was also a frequent 
contributor to the ot^ns of tiie sect to 
which he belonged. B«*Jiidb4 the works Imffire 
mentioned he wrote: 1. 'The Hebrew I»i»- 
Dentation a Light to the Gentle "World," in 
2 pts., n.<i 2. 'On the Hook of Job; ita 
Place in tho General Tlau of iioly Scrip- 
tur©/ u.d. 

[Richard's Memoirs of Joseph Siaiyn ; I^edtt 
Mercarr. 3ft Uce. and SO bwc. I8«4; Th« 
Friend, January IHS5 ; Uritish t-'ricnd, January 
I8fr5 ; fuitenil scrnti.ii t-v Ortuon J^cVuon at 
Lewis on 2& Doc. LS84 ; Smiths Cat. of Friends* 
Book*.] A. C. B. 



HARVEY or HERVEY. ^\ Il.LIAM 
{(i. l."»i>7(, Cliireiiceu.\ king-of-Hnns, lirsi be- 
came a member of the Cotlegt- of Arms us 
HampneH pursuivanl-«>xtranrdinary,an<l was 
appointed Blueniantle pun-uivant-in-ordi- 
nary 18 June lo^VJ. In the latter capacity he 
ftccomjiflniwl Im jwtron.WUham (aftenvarda 
Lonl) I'ugel, on hi^eiuhaf<-7y to France. Sub- 
MM|uentIy he was created Somerset herald, 
and while liolding that olliee attended the 
funeral of Caiherine, the quotn-do wager of 
IIeiiry\'llI,buinglheuidyolHci-rofani)8wlio 
15 mentioned in the descriptions of the cere- 
mony. He was sent on oflicial business to the 
king of Heiimnrk, to the KmiR-ntr Charles V, 
and, with l>r.'NV<iitnn, totlielhikt'uf Saxony. 
By patent, dated 4 Feb. Io4i>-olt, Edward Vl 
created him Sorroy king-of-nrnis. In that 
capacity he paid si^veu olHcial vittits to Ger- 
many. Queen Mory deputed him to go to 
France to deelan; war (" Juno l.V>7),Gnrter 
and Xorroy kings-uf-anns pmclaiming the 
war in London. He wnscre-uredClanmccux 
king-of-arma 'JI Nov. I.*67. He injured his 
reputat i<m by a disgraceful quarrid at Tnrvey, 
Bedfordsliin', while at the funernl of Lord 
M»)nlaimL, and the earl marshal tempornrily 

Iifohibiled him from visiting his province. 
larvey died at Thame, Oxfordshin^, on 
27 I'Vb. l.Vli!-". Ills portrait has been en- 
graved by C. Hall. Thereare alaoungraved 
{K>rtraits of him, from illuminated grants of 
urms, in Dullaway's 'Science of Heraldry' 
(plate l'J|« an<l iik DanieLl's Supplement to 
Thane's * Hritish Autography,' 18^4. 

He collected notes on the churches in the 
diocese of Ntir^vieh. These came into tbfi 
luinds of Sir \\'illiflm Le Neve, who placed 
them at the disposal of W'ecver, aulnor of 



larvey 



94 



Harvey 



tkft'PynMnU Mnniim«>nti.' Of tbenamemui 
Vwlllill Tiril&ltoiu made bv IlftrvrV the foU 
feviiw W«v Wm printed : J. * E«c^x ' ( 15o8). 
U«trH*<^. \rA \iii.. L-indon (1^8), edit«! 
bv ^V Moimlfe, F.SuV. 2. •^5uffc^lk• 

ll.V Kv J.iseph Jackson Howard, 

'' - \ ,/voi9., I^we#toft,tS*«5,rtTO: 

> h\ Walter C. Metralfrt, Exeter, 
.. a. 'Norfolk' (l.VW). edited by 
0. II. I)n«liwood, F.S.A.. for the 
I ind Nor^vicU ArrUitolopical Socictr, 
"jlnr^HviV 4. *l>or»eUhire'(lo«5\ 
I W WtXtot C. M<?tcalfe from the Hm^ 
M^< HHrt and 1()(>*J, and printed at 
or (tiiio hundred copies onlv) in 1887. 
fl. UHfordihih*' (l'j6*J), llarl. Soc. vol. v., 
London, IKTI, Hvn, edited by W. JI. Turner. 
a ' H*Hlftml.iUin» ' (I.V«i), tsi'ited by Frederic 
Aug^uittuA Uluvden, Hurl. >m>c. rul. xix., L<oa- 
dMU, it«<i, Wvo. 

[AllivDuram, 4 Jtirw 18*7, p. 739; Bromlcy'a 
tW. uf iCo^nivwl I'ortrMils. \>. 29; I)Alla»ay'i 
ijyiwuv rif Ht-mlJrv. pUlo II; K%an»"8 Cut. of 
»f«l r<'rlnuu.' N-.. 17122 ; QoiigiiV Brin»h 
.. «[.bv, i. 147. 101. lfi^34«,ii. I. 40. 18R. 
/•17. 4W; Opsngflf'sBioff. Hrrt. of Knglantl. 
t)lh gdit. i. aO'i ; ll(>rnM and Oenealngtrt. i. 39, 
S(i.H2. lift. 117. 119, 122.n. 203. 283, 4!>0. 491. 
530; Noble* Oollfge of Arms. pp. 129, 143, 
HI. 153. 168; Itjmer"* I'tcdera (Unffao pdit.). 
Vol. w. pi. iii. pp. I7'i. 170. 181. pL ir. 39. 60; 
Cttl. of Hittio rnp4ir», Dora. 1547 M, pp. Ul. 
113, Jiit.J T. C. 

UARVEV^ AVrLUAAI, M.D. (1578- 

ii'ivHiomn mid discoverer of tho 

"I tt{ tho blood, waa J»om at 

t .UK. ^1. .11.1, Kent, I April |."H, in a house 

Mki(*U was IQ bitur tim(;s thi> posthuuse 

■■'' ''■■• '--v* M mid wliich still bt-lonps to 

t,'«iiibpid(.'w, (o which Har- 

i ll MtH father wua Thomne 

ikiniui, and in May UKK) 

Hit* mothnr, .Inane, 

!Iulko«if Hiulinirli-'ijrh, 

! wifo of Thomas Ilarvey, 

■ ,ii lU-t M*(!oiid child and eldest: 

Iv Tlit father difd 12 Jan. 

" . ltMl.'», and tliey hnd 

- William was sent 

', * iiitlrrbiiry. Thence 

, whnn'he vra«ii'imitted 

'' nnd Cniim rnlloi;e, 

s . U'llow. iH'ini his 

l><»>k, iniiniDicripl). 

, and, dMienitining 

I'd through Franco 

1 tlu) most faniaiis 

lim.'. Ili'fe, in 

' iL-d with 

-.he nl- 



anatomiftt Fabriciu* of Aquapend(;nt«, 

Girsoed the other medifol 9tudi«s of the pL, 
e gnduat«d M.D. 25 April 100:?, and tfa 
dtpbima expresses ib« vann satisfaction 
the univeraity of I*adua at ' ^ ' latio 
(original in the College of Pi ; 
dnu ). lie returned to En^iimu. ^r^iiu 
M.U. at Cambridjte 160^,and toon after tool 
a hoiue in tho parish of St. Martin-cxtr 
Lud^te in London. In Xoremtcr lilOl he 
mamed, at the church of the neighbouring 
parish of 8t. Sepulchre, Elixabeth. daughtc 
of Dr. Lancelot Bn.>w-ne U\. v.], fonaerljt 
phjaician to (jueen Elizabeth. Ua A Oct. 
in lh«sain« year HarT<:'y «ra«adfnitteda< 
didflte of the College of Phy^ciaiu and w« 
elected a f^-llow 5 June letli". On t^turdarJ 
28 Feb. IfJOI*, ut a conrt of the jrovemor* i 
St. Dartbolomew's Ilospi tal, Sir John Spencef 
[q. T.] in the chair, he applied for the revep 
sion of the office of physician, and brought 4| 
recommeodaticin from the kinp: and te-Mi^i 
inoniaU of pmfi-ssionnl coin|M't<*ru'*! from Jhl 
Atkins, president of tlie Ctdleffo of Phy- 
sicians, ond from several of I he ~*'n ior doclon 
of t hf culleffe. Harvey was elect o«l to th 
rcvnmion, a condition comparable to that of 
an aJtsifttant phyj*ioian at tho prG<«>nt day. 
Dr. Wilkinson, aUo n Painhndge man, gave 
his asfiifitunt the benefit of his professtooal 
experience and friendship. Wilkinson died in 
the summer, and his Oftsif^tant dischai^^ tbd 
duties of the phy<iicinncy till his formal elc 
liimasphTsicianatn meeting oft he president 
SirJohiiS|>encer,ond the pv>vemor*on Satur- 
day, 14 Oct. ltK)W, He waft then wlemnly 
charj^ed to attend at tho hospital ' one day 
in the woeke at the leaite thorough the yeare, 
or oftner, a.s iieede sbnll re.iiiyer;' to give 
the poor the full benefit of hi^ knowledge; 
to prescribe only such medicines as should *do6 
the poore good,* without regard to the peci»- 
niary interests of the apothecary; to taka 
no rewnnl from the pntiejita, and to reside 
account for any negligtmce on hiit part. Tba| 
ball of the ho.«piial in which he sat once i 
week to see patients was a spacious room,^ 
]m]Ie<l down about 1728, withagreat tireplaoc, 
to the firo of which Henrv III hnd gntntcd 
a supply of wood from the forest of WHndsorijH 
U» rvey sa t at a table and the pat ten t.s brough1^| 
to him sat upon a settle beniue it, the apotiie^^^ 
oury, tho steward, and the matron standing 
Iiy. The surgeons disclinrged their duties in 
th«.< wanls, and the ]div.siciun only went into 
them to see .such patients a.s could not walk-^ 
IliA prescriptions were written in (t booltH 
which was kept locked up. On28 July 1CI4,V 
at a eourt of governors under the presidency 
of Sir TliomoA I^we, it whs resoU-cd that 
Harvey should have an ollicial rcdidcnc 



Hanev 



Hanev 



fonned of Tiro Lciu***- Lui: l i-t-Jvi. :i. TV—: 

^»* to berin l: i:- -x^-L-l': ).■::. T:_*- i.i t ■: 

take pUw Tin jt;j*'.-n'-,-i HLr-.>v.LJ-rr .■ -•- 

»ide:»tKin.drc:3-ZTi ■::; uiTiTCTi^rTV*-- '.?:..•?. 

tnd (in 7 Jl:v }r."J' :.i?- <. :*-!.■ -w-Lf .:: .■■■r.- 

»«iartii^- 'i.uLT'.'L^^l ir:i3 !.''•.. : ■• ..'. '.'•'. *■ ', 

On 4 Aur. J*:-!* Lt "wu* •'.-i-.-.-il^^n.'-r.-z. 

lectnivr ar:L^r C II-.-- : Pi.TS-r-L:-- :. -'.t 

underiLe v^r !• IT :l :i- =.1i.u--t-;': Ar- 

ialesof;h^C-.::-::r /. I'-.Tt:.- Li:v::(.:-/i:L- r- 

bropdrrcif iLr j-r—i^-rT.:. -wL:- L_*i V.- i: vr— 

^-m in V'X'i •. trjd ::; -L- ■' 1 .v.:^ A:-- 1. r, 

theltiih, ir-L- Lr2 :*:L-U I^l.v^r-i':.: •:> 

coll»?eiiiKL:r':.:r;Vr >:>-:. r-^-rST-P:.^*'? 

fi^ST^mUic --ti-.K-znrz.: f !.> -_. ir':.-? .r. -;,r 
nrru]dn...n.:.fihri:v.l. TU-:;---t:r -r^wl.;.':; 

§Ml manus^rii.: ur. 1 binding it tL- rirl:>:. 

Jpncrii by Thr*.-ear..: tLr^- ■juarrrr* :n It- ■.;■;?:!•.. 
Md Hre cl'««rlr ■wri'.Trn 'T-r. :!:r u ■■r> }«-1:lj 
Jfnerally arrunr^r- iri & :u^j^::r :" 'nu. ll>.rf 
*nd ibrrv iLtry mv uTuJ'T'.i::^--! ^::h rt-i :::k. 
snd opp^isite tbr *'*at':a:' n: wl,i..-h iLr li.i:!; r 
thoiijlir e.'pet.iallT ];:« '-.wn nr-:- :hr i:5:::;i;> 
MV. H.* -nTiTT-i-n t:in:*-TvLa: MV.ijin-ly bu* in 
ri'eht lin*r5. This hibi: .-f initial ^■:ma:-.ir'.' 
iifO fKTCur-- in aciitiiv-r maiiu>;-rij-T <'f llarvoy 
f.Sl'jan-^ 4-^W and in bis- nn:es on ib*r c ipy <if 
Oulsi'jn"? • Oi<uicula Varia Cidlt-r.i' ( Dritish 
Mu.s>:>um Library i.an(lt!i;itL-Lpr'tb-ibly>!jneil 
liis pre^TiptJons. The noit * ol' t!n> lt-ctiir»:'> 
hav a carefully writ I '.-n tiib-pa;:'^: at thr Top 
is rUe line' Stat Jov*- prinfipiiini. Mu<:p. Jovis 
ooania plena,' an^l tbrn lh» wurOs • Prt-k-o 
tiones Anutoini:i? univLTAilia pt-r m-' Giilifl- 
mnm Harvt^iuni, me^licum LontlinL-n^rin 
Anat'tmie et Chiniriirie l*ritf':*a.ri.ir«.;m Anno 
Ifomini ]fi\ii, anno jetatis 37prfl«et:c,Aprili 
10, 17, l^*/ and at foot is a qnoiatinn Irora 
ArisTotli-*s ' Ilistoria Animatiiim,' lib. i.e. I(f, 
in Liitin, which advisfs the study of com- 
parative anatomy for the elucidation ol" the 
difficulties of human anaiomv. Tlie notO!> 
cover ninety-six pages, pome ot them contain- 
ing more than forty lines of close writinp-. 
There an* divistnn:^ which indicate whore 
the lectures ended. The Ixwk does not com- 
pb'te the treatment of the subject. Some 
lurther note."* are contained in nnolher mnnu- 
wript (Sloane 480), altliough these do not 
<lirwtly continue the first collection of noti-a. 
The lectures are three in number, and bcjjin 
by a statement of the (general arranp-'nient of 
the subject, followed by eleven rules, which 
the lecturer lays downforhis own puidunee. 
They direct demonstration of what is before 
the audience, the illustration of human 



>v. ;: T—.T..'.''.' ."i 






z.:.-.:~. :.y \ ";.-,..:-. 1' w:rv. .s. ; ." r .':" :l.e 

L-: ::. -n v:;. u:;.- v .:;:• -v.".fl:;-.j F::i;..sV. ■« r.'.s 
r <: 7.- •.::.•■.■>. Th- ?■-.■.••",; I-.vr.-.r-.-.lti'.'S ^* ::li 

'.-■r'-^T'T :.:i : n'.r-.ii^v cr,y.:^-. :r.\ h'.s i'.:>»*i''Vi rv 
:■::.-. i-^;^\.rn ^V:^v K,vv! Ti.etirs: d^- 
>cr:V^ !hv >:r.:.-::5r,' v^f :h, l:>u-: and .^f :he 
jT-:.: V-— >■ ^,-, 1 x:-;ri;:-.> :he o v.;r;K't;'n .:' 
Th- i-'Vvriil c;iv;i;\-> -.:' iV,-' he:i7:. il-.e f.'rm 
ar.-l '.;>■.' ■':' i:> Tii';v; > ur.d »<:' :h-.' >.'4Kes 
in :l:e vt-in>. .tv! he c.'r.^-'.'.i.hs l'\ eleiirly 
>:.';: :r.i: thiit he h;is thus il^.ii.^v.stralM 
t].3T :he p-Tpt-t.'.al m-'-tuMi ■■f ihe bVvsl 
•n a eiri--- i> ]'r'.liKV.i by ili.- b-.-:i: of the 
li-nrr. Th-- tli-rd leetury^is on the head^ in- 
chivlin^ :he brain and nerxe*. ar.d rnds with 
the ri.'r.iark tlj.-iT (t;d-n w:i> r..^: tlie tirsi t.> 
wliom had ivourred the no:i.'n 'hat iier\i's 
wi-ni iVum the br:iin n^ ihe i'>rir;nis i^l' sense, 
s:;i."f t'ieer-^ h;id twii-e sujp'st-'d it, I'r.ee in 
till- Tn7-eiii;iii dispiiiation"! aiul oiwo in the 
■ Pe Natura Uennim." The bvinres >ho\\ 
their author to have luvn \\ idely re:(d. He 
had studied Aristotle and tJnb-n evidently 
in l^itinediti'^us.and had a prot'oniul venera- 
tion for Ari?!ti'tle :inil a pro!"e->!i>nal ri-:-peet 
without much ptTsonal adniiniii.>n t'-rliali-n. 
lie ijuotes .\risioile ofiener Than any other 
author, and alh-r .\risiotle (Jah-n. lie was 
familiar with all tht* anatomists tVt>m \e vi- 
llus to his own linii'-*, and had ( 'oUinditi". 
I■'all^piu^. Vernt'lius. Lanreutius. Nieholau* 
Massa, and liauhin at his fiu>:''r-«' end-*, tlf 
the Latin poets he eared nio>1 t'or \'irf;il.and 
knew Plaiitus and Moraee. and of the piM».e 
writers Ca-sar. Cieero. and \'itrn\ins, llf 
had read St. Aui;u>tine, ami wns well \erM'd 
in the lliiile. iledi»esnttt mention tln' works 
of Shakespeare nor anv of the liii'rainn> of 
his time, though he often ipioies vi-rbal re- 
ma rks of his eonti'niporaries.chielly.howfxer, 
of ]ihysieians. He liad alreiidy alinini'drnn- 
slderahh' jiraetiee, and must bmr lnhoimd 
incessantly, for he showeil llinl he had 
thoroutrhlydisseeleiimort'than i'i;;hty spi'cies 
of animals. The leeturrs hi>Nled more thnn 
an hour each day, as it was neeessary to 



H:irvcv 



-. :'.T.'.liii-ii>,iii ill---. -■ .'■ -■!.- 
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^ 



Har\'ev 



07 



Hanev 



neeired all the honour i: d-j^-rrveiS. On. ihs 
COBtinent of Europe i: wts •^eo^:T■=•i wiih 
iw&vour.buT neither in EnzJiri n>rabr^fti 
^■nr one suzs^l ihit *hr- discoTerr ttis 
tfl be foand in other wriTers. The • Ei-TriTa- 
tiones et ammadrer^ione^ in llbran: G 3l>!mi 
Hurei de Motu Cord:* et Cirpula:i:me 
Suiniinis * of r>r. James rrzair>5e appeared 
in Irtao. and the ' Lar:* Lrdius dr MyVJ. 
Cordu et ^nguini*' ' 01 .EmTlius Parisanus 
»t Venice in 16S5 : both are mer? c-?n- 
troversial writings of no scientinc inteivst. 
Hofiman of Nurvmbergr and other? followed 
uopposition. in letters, lecture?, and trearises, 
bot before hi? death the ereat disc-^verr of 
Hirvey was accepted throughout the medical 
*orld. The modem cent rorersy t 1>e. * » eobo e 
^onysos. ffarvvian Oration. IS-JiJ: AViixis, 
^'iiliam Hnrery, a Jli^tory of the DitCf'Xrry 
ofthf Circulation of thf Blood. 1^7^ I as t> 
whether the discovery was takt^n frtm some 
pwrious author is sufficiently refuted by the 
opinion of the opponents of his view? in his 
***n time, who agreed in d'>nouncinz the 
"•Jctrine as new ; by the laborious method of 
^f^ual demonstration obvious in his lKK)k 
*nd lectures; and, lastly, by the complete 
•bsence of lucid demonstration of the action 
^f the heart and course of the blood in Cresal- 
pinus, Servetus, and all others who have been 
suggested as possible originals of the dis- 
covery. It remains to this day the greatest ' 
of the discoveries of physiology, and its 
whole honour belongs to Har^"ey. He was 
a regular attendant at the comitia of the 
College of Physicians, and took an active part 
in the procee<lingft. On 9 Dec. 1629, at the 
president's house, he examined Dr. James 
Primrose ''q. v.] for admission as a candidate, 
and passe<l him. On 2'2 Dec. 1630 he sub- 
ficribed '201. to the fund for purchasing a site, 
and on 2f» March 1632 drew up new rules for 
the college library. 

On 21 Jan. 1630 he applied to the gover- 
nors of St. Bartholomew's Hospital for leave 
of absence, in accordance with the king's 
command, to travel with the Duke of Lenox, : 
and in July he started on the journey. On 
23 Sept. he was in Paris (ATELiNG,*A/«"mo- 
rials of Jlartfy)^ but was in London 8 Oct. 
«nd 22 Dec. 1630. He afterwards visited 
Slois, Saumur, and Bordeaux. In February , 
1632 he was in Spain, and probably visited ' 
Venice before his return to England. In ! 
a letter to Lonl Dorchester, preserved in \ 
the Bodleian Library (Clarendon Papers, 1 
"SOTii), he asks that none be put into his , 
place of physician to the household during j 
his absence, and describes how the countries \ 
were so wretched * that by the way we could 1 
scarcely see a dogg, crow,'kite, raven, or any ! 

TOL.'lXF. 



s::?-rralle jte.iple, '.hs reli^nes of thei 
The pltTjr. whriv ffcsire had made an 



b-i I'r fc2T:Hnr :> asaTomis-^. .'nly sum few 

war and 
anatoDUM 
Wt'.re I cisir-' In May HkB he obtained 
l^-ive t.'s: tie covera:>r? c«f St. lUrthoIo- 
mrw's . .V-S. yniiKtf £ ...i ■/ *Y. £tirtkoli>' 
mp*.-** II-y*:-i*a'* t> r> t"- Sootlind wiih the 
k:nr. ^^ Lile tLrTV in June he visiitJ The 
Bai^s K:'ck. and an aec-r-uni by him of its 
garnets is eiTan: iMit-MiOHiEU Bn'tiitk 
PKwf^ai}'. p. \-J\. \*n o t.Krt. 1633 he ap- 
plitrd to Sir RoWrt Ducie. then pivsident of 
St. Barrh'^lomew's Hospital, to summon a 
m-frrting \>i thr gsreraori. the surg¥«.ins, and 
the ap-iTheoary. so that he mi^ht lay before 
them '^-^me particulars concerning the px)d 
of the j»>;'re of ibis howse. and relormacon of 
S'.'me ordrrs onceaved 10 l»r in this hows*.* 
I.»n 15 Oct. the meeting to<«k place, and 
Dr. Andrewf* was app^tinied a full physician, 
50 as to give Harvfv more liljerty. !>iiteen 
regulations drawn up by Han'ey were then 
discussed, and were all agreed to except one 
reiquiring the surgtHms to declare their treat- 
ment whenever the- physician desired. Their 
general purport is that absolutely incurable 
cases are not to be admitted, and that the 
sui^reons. apothecary-, and matron are to dis- 
chai^ all their duties decently and in per- 
son. In 1634 four I^ncnshire women had 
been urcusod of witchcraft (Avelixg, J/e- 
morials ofllarrey), and were sent to London. 
Han-ey was desired by the Earl of Man- 
chester (29 June 16.'U) to arrange with Baker 
and William Clowes (15^2-164^) '11. v.], the 
king's surgeons, for their examination. On 
2 July he superintended their physical ex- 
amination by ten midwives ana seven sur- 
geons, and found that there was nothing 
imnatural in their bodies, and so they were 

Eardoned. On 4 July 1634 he gave a tanned 
uman skin to the College of Physicians * for 
a monument to be reserved in the college.' 
On the same day, by the president's direction, 
he made a speech to the apothecaries persuad- 
ing them to conformity to the college onlora 
(MS. Amtalet). In 103i>, on 17 Nov., an 
impudent barber-surgeon name<l William 
Tellett, on being called to account (Sii»'KY 
Yocsro, Hecortl9 of the Barher-Surtfeons) for 
not recording the death of a maidservant 
whom he was attending, declared that her 
death was due to Dr. Harvey's physic. On 
16 Nov., Queen Henrietta ^I»ria'a birthday, 
he examined post mortem t he body of Thomas 
Parr, a Shropshire labourer, stated to have 
lived 152 years and nine months. His re- 
port of tlie post-mortem was publishetl in 
16(i9 by Dr. liett (/)(• Ortu ft Saturn San- 
ffuinin). On 7 April l(i36 ho left England 
again, in attendance on Thomas Howard, earl 

II 



H^H 


^^^Hl^^ 


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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^■■v bf Hajvev-W 


^^B ^'^ " 9 


^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ anarlca af« catuadcir^H 


^^^^^" »i«r\.'< '^^ 


^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^fe» «3Hi HuT€T aentioDS H 


^^^H rntiui 


^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^idtni lo a mnrblilS 


^^H 


^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^M* bMed upoa th«> notes oTfl 


^^H ha wtitiM 


^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^BVB*4Dart0ni exMminatioQA li»fl 


^H 


^^^^^^^^^^^^^^E^fibnatRUui lG.'Ai Br. Oeoi^fl 


^1 III Hll 


^^^^^^^^^^^^^^■BMmj at hi^t bfi^tli^r's bou^e, fl 


^^^ flitrv^v 


^^^^^^^^^^^^^^■■■icnatjaD, tvhicli U rt-coTT^iK] B 


^^B 


^^^^^^^^^^^■■A «VHy tbo muiu#criy)t a 


^^H firi-ir 


^^^^^^^^^^^ij ' Evr<rcilatioae« du Cie&era- 


^^^1 tiju h 


^^^^^^^^^■tmn, qvibu? ftcce<iunt cjjLUpdani 


^B 


^^^^^^bKnabmrtta hq Timioribiis Utijrri 


^B 


^^^^|H|MfilB«.' Tlii-i wti& fiublished in 


^^H pr< X 


nlMkflla in ^r. rauTs Clmircliy&rtl* 


^^H 
■ 


- *^ »ir!>i of il]Q ben'^ epi^, ami 
>( tiio diit'k witbiu it. are fuJlv 


^^H 


_^^„ A3ii &I1 the poliit-^ of .Errnwtb ami 


^H 


^I0ipa£ ttucus&ed in ri'lHtioiL to it. It 


^H ! 


.^fc -v^ Ubour Rnd carefLil nhservntion; 


^M 


•^■siVfTT iif tbe mifposropp wojt 


^^H irnn- 
^^H tioti. 


■uaUn™ flear rnudi of wbat Hiir- 


'v -•'>• in itart. Tliis was Jii» 


^m 


' '\'i['k, ejtcpjit a few letter* 


^^H 


^m 


-.^1 7). nrU.fuVHiol lieoffeml 


^m 


: '-^i of Vhynlclunsi, 1 lirouifb ita 


^^^ 


I't. I'fujnan, to Imtbi a SiUrarr. 


^^B ftirtii 


m •^ J'^n'.' Hiionymoiiftly, but l>dcqm« 


^^H n 


^«^ Mid on :i^J lh>(!. ion J tiw cl.)1]l<^> 


^H 4if 


-r W tirpriioii f'f lltirvev'!^ statue. On 


^^1 


.V4 tho libmrr wa* eotfliiTlt't"?, and 
•m^ hmiilifil It iivnr tn th*; collefTP. Chi 


^^H 


^^H 


* UVU he WMB pJtM'ii'i'J presicitjQt '"jf 


^H tho r> ' 


-^tv, but dccliin'J tbi.^ bniiour oli tbi» 


^H 


^^■1 Iif AjBT'. ilc- i^ervi-d on tbi.' coimeil: iti 


^H fim 1 


4iB ^J r)f>)li, anil iti ibe IaUk-t y>:&r t>l— 


^H n T<'li' 


^^Bii ^ Liinilt<iuii ]'H.-turt>5bi[K llti tb«Ti 


^^H 


^ •4* itiUtff^ his estate at Bunvasb in 


^^1 Vi 


. kud took IcaV'' uf thr fclinws. Ht* 


^H 


— i many attacka of pmit, an<l iise<! tif 


^^1 rt<(ti« 


• hy puitin|f hi.^ f«;6t in cold wfttt^r. 


^^^ 


•.«rks bt'eaine loorc frequent, and ho 


^^^^H t<n->^^ 


J .1 Jiinp l<i.i7. Tbe feUows nf tb.* 


^^^^^B Ari'' 


■ 'f rbyficiflna fallowed bis bridy on 


^^^^V r'l ' 


. ••> iijil»*m|i>'ti'[i(l in I->«px, where itVfls 


^^^^H 1 


^■t*>i. wrappmt it) li-inl, ill n \-ault of thi* 


^^^^^^^^■^B*' ' 


— -•■. Ib-n-iit Ti^mniii.Kl tillSt^LuItrt'sdny 


^^^^^■^■l ' 


'. ■^Si.'l, wht^n it. wDs trarislateiS. in 


^^^^^^^^L 


'' <tr tbf pj'fftidont (Sir Williani 


^^^^^^^Bti' ' 


1 seveml ft»llow:& of th*) enllc^jp^ 


^^^^^Ki 


_ _ ■ marble sarcophafliia provitled by 


^^^^^^^^fc 


,^^^#*i^r* ^" ^^*-' Harvcv chftpi'l erected in 


^^^^^^^H^pii 


^l^^ppHMMui Cburob : with th^ leaden coffin. 


^^^^ftVn , 


^C^^t€ *^^ insert »lior), 'Docter William 
^ ^^m^ IW^-AfJ t n.' yot Juin? IH.i57. Aged 


^^^^^B "pftr' 


^^^^^M ' ' 


'biTi* w«im rln'piirtiilt:**! ill ibe Baro- 


^^^^1 1 


. - ■■■■>]'y of tbr !arjip uHlitinn of liar- 


^^^^H Vt li" 


irijQrt]ili'e<'nutititi2 tbuiucidents. 


^^^^H ll»^*>> ' 


':iiiuu. adiiplit'aterffwliiclibanjfa 


^^^^^^^^UBWll ' 


■^^^^^ A^ MiMsij of till" CoUcitv of Pbysiciruw, 



Han^ey 



99 



Han^ey 



Jiamy'i viU u ia kit own huidwntuig. 

'f (n« hta bo^ks sad fntn to tfae ooUcse, 

1 to Sir Charies bnHiurgii [q. t.\ us 

to hi« brother Kliab, » bcsefaction 
«t's ilo^pitai, and raiuiT btfquie:§t« to , 
fniationA. He was cf short sUttuv, and 
ia Toath had black hair. His portrait^ by | 
Coroelhia Jans>en, han^ in the libcaiy of | 
(ha CoUe^ of Phytaeaia^ and there u a ' 
rhanictenstie bast, attribated to Sch«e- 
makers, in the Ilnrrer chapel at Hempstead 
'.r, P.^ex. Another portrait h\ an unkncnni 
r is in the Xational Portrait (Jallerv ; 
'cmpciriiry cnp^vinff of this picture* 
ii^its'.lv attributed to Hollar, is more pro- 
Uil.lv hv Llavwo^Jd. 

1 ii' ' . -r ciillectf^d otlitKjo of his works is 
iln-d by the 4.*.jII^^ of Physicians, 
by Dr. L^wreiie^f in ITCtt. A com- 
slatioD of his work* into KnelUli 
blished in London bv the Sydenham 
in lf<4r. An edition of the * De 
stione S^incruiDis* with the ottackR of 
sianns and IVimrose, was publi.=hed at 
0?dea in (jnarto in 1039, and n duodecimo 
^tion in IjondoD in 1&4^, the tirst published 
~ _" nd. Another was puhlisheil in I-rfin- 
f Danielf in 164i0.and editions nppeartMl 
iom in liUS, 1U14, 1001, and 1071. 
small quarto edition of his whok< work^t 
ptiblisbed at Lnydon in 1737. The first 
edition of the *De Circiilattone ' in English 
t w aa published at the White Lion in Duck 
^^^*ne, Ixindon, in 16o3, and a further i^ition 
^^6^1673, both by li. Lowndes. lu 16^)3 tho 
^^■te Generatione Animalium ' was pnbtished 
^^K English, with a prebce by SirOeoive Ent 
l^i&d a portrait of Harvey bv W. Faitliome. 
The colleffe contributed to the publirat ion of 

Ibis * Prelectiones Anatomise QeuHralis' in 
1686, and on St. Luke's day an oration in 
praise of him and of tho other benefactors of 
the college is ercry year delirercd. 

[Life by Dr. Liwnmce in Gulii-lroi Harveii 
s 17GC; Works and origin/vl tnannscripts ; 
Liber Annulinm. Col. JMcdicoram, L^nd. 
$17 ; St. RArlhoIi>me'w'8 Iltwpilal MS. 

I Books; PMcctiones Analomiae UntTW- 

«, ed. bj ft Commiitop of the Coll. of Phys. 

IMA (die intrudnction vas written by 

hor of (bis life) ; Aubrey's LiTos of £mi- 

oai, od. 1813; LivfM uf Bn'iifch Phy- 

, 1830 (this book, with ilie lile of ILirvey, 

vrittea* as far as tlie life of ItadcUffo, by 

MacMichael, whose interlfstved copy is iu 

the library of the Co)Ici;e of Physicinns. Tho 

PMtwas written by Dr. BiueiHavkitiH, Dr. Parry, 

r. Hoot hty. Dr. Monk, and Mr. CIsTke) ; "Willia's 

iTilUam Uiirrsy.aHisloryof thaDiscoferrof the 

"ation of tlie Blood ; Munk's Coll. of Phys. i. 

"unVsNotn? llnrvciftrap; St. Barthnlomow's 

al Boports, xjdii. U87 : Atook's Brief Ac- 



eonot of the cimnnstaaeDB Imdiag to aad al- 
tasdiag th» ReintombrBeDt of the R»auum of 
Dr.WUlt&ia HarreT, prirately priatad. Loodoa, 
18M L Sir James PuK's Aecwds of HuTPT. Loo- 
don. 1846, and Su Bartbolomnr's IIospiuL R«> 
portis 1884 ; Sir 0. E. Ph^ n UaptihLuhfd Lrt- 
tcr of Uarrey. Cambrid^, 184S, aitd Noliee of 
an CopuUisbBd llaBDseript cf Harrry, Loadoa;, 
18^; Dr. ?(ocinan Moon's Hamy'« Notes OQ 
Galeo, .\tboDvam.60ct. 1 888 : the Hartnan On* 
ttone. of vhirb more than a hundred haro hwn 
daliTertd, and meet of thMO pnnt«d (thm« t>r Sir 
G. E. Pa^t, Dr. J. W. 0;-te, Profnaor KotlMton, 
Dr. George Jofansoo, and Sir K. ^areking eoft- 
tain moKt in relation to bio^rnpfay).] K. H. 

har\t;y, ^vlLLL\M (i7«Msee>, 

wood enpravcr and designer, was bom at 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne on 13 Jnly 171HJ, his 
falhor beinj; keeper of the baths at theWeat- 
gate. At fourteen y*mrs of age he was ap- 
prcntieed to Thonuu Bewick [q. v.], with 
whom he bocame a great favourite. IIo 
worked with Temple, another pupil, upon 
Bewick's *Kablea of .Ksop.' 1818, tnui&fcr- 
ring to the block many uf the designs of a 
third pupil. Itnbert Johnson. He n-moved to 
London in September 1817, studying draw- 
ing under Haydon, and anatomy under Sir 
Charla<t Dell. Lance, Kastlake. and Land- 
seerwere his fellow-piipils with llnydi>n, for 
whom he engraved on wood, in imitation of 
copper-plftto, the largt" block of tlie ' Assasu- 
natton of Denlotus.' This, at the tirofi of its 
jiroduction, was probably the mast ambit ions 
block which had been cut in England. After 
the death in 1822 of John Thurston, the chief 
designer on wotwl in London, Haney aban- 
doned engTnvingfordtisign,becomingspeodily 
as ])opubir a.s he was tucUe, alt Itougn be grew 
with time unpleasantly mannered. One of 
his earliest works was bis illustrations to 
llendersDn's ' Uistoryof AncientaudModem 
Wines/ 1824. Among his other efforts may 
be mentioned * The Tower Monogftrie,' 1828 : 
'Zoological Gardens,' 1830-1 ; 'Cliildren in 
the Wood,' 1831 ; ' Blind Beggar of Bcthnal 
Greem,'I832; *Story without nn Knd,' 'Pic- 
torial Prayer Book,' ' Bible,' ' Pilgrim's Pro- 
gress,' * Snakespean%' and many other of tim 
innumerable issues of Clinrles Knight's un- 
tiring press. 'Tliehistoryofwoodengrnving,* 
says a writer in the 'Art Union' for 1880, 
' for some years past, is almost a record of the 
works of his ||IIar\'eyV] pencil,' His master- 
pieces ore his illustrations to ' Northcote's 
Fables/ 1BS8-S3, and to Lanu's ' Tliousand 
and One Nights,' 18^18-40, in the latter of 
which he worked underthe eye of the trans- 
lator himself (who assisted him with indica- 
tions of coatnme and aceesanries), and bis 
somewhat florid ttyle wu not unsuited to 

u3 



li^ 



of Arundel, wlio wns >.-tiT .\- :■.:■ 
the emperor (MrsK, X-frp i/.n-'. .„ 
May he was inXupfnibtTG-. nnil din- 
Kn^lish Colh'^v. in llnnii' on ."ii trt. 
(itioTfic I-^nt \ V," ftlsn h'iiijii J". ■ 
Jtfrt,rdA uf fhf KiHjlhh l*i'un,u-^-,.f '■ 
ufJe.nw,\\.\.\\^). M'hil.' at N'ti-. 
vUittid hU oppoiifiil ll.j]im;iii. i,i,: 
convince hiiu. 

Harvt-y renoaiiir-cl in Jj.in]..ii '..' . 
bn-ak of tlif jrivjit ivinillidn. > ■ 
sijrmfd by him »hilM)i-i'. jc.:: ;, : 
of .Sir Tiioma.s Thvniii' ik in tin- S'-- 

OfficL' ( K\V.\A}i(',,SlrmwuUuf Jf'. . 

'Oaleni Opnsculn Viiria " nV V;-. 
(ionlston Tq. V.J wiw jnibli^In-.l 1- ' ' 
lOlO. lluhud b'i'i-n.Ll'riimlnf Him '. - 
copy in the British Jlu-irnni }\n~ -, 
^'inaI not«s in Harvey's hiind.niifl - ., 
with his initials. IIi' n-nd il;- ' 
not thftGret'ktcxl ( I Innvv s cniiy . t 
The album of Vhilip de Gbirfris S" ■ ' 
Mnatium CAddit. MS -'r'Uv-.v 
written for thi; owul 
ribu:i omniu vcndiint, 
left. London In iitl)-ni 
cared little for politic 

Sydenham Society's 

(ill), and while "tlit 

Hombling he visited hi> /.'..-ud 

luphby at Derby, an-i t<JV»l 

uterine diseases (Avi i , 

present at thi.' buttli 

cordinjf to Aubrey, a ; 

him are to be receiv' ' 

t'hnrfrc of tlie Prince lU ►', ,. .■ 

of York while the fijjht ttm k 

read u bo<»k he had in Ui -. 

t(i Oxford with the 

poratedM.I>. iin? Det 

hewntte a report ut >J 

Prince Mnurice, who - 

typhus fever, which 

1 he royul army. Jluri ■ , 

making dissections or, "xr., 

preface to Atmtomy), nnd ui 

ny royal mrindate war li , ' 

in the place madcvac^. 

SirXatiianielliront[q.v. I t*^ 

reived his payment as phy 

Iholomew's Hospital fiir i| 

I(i4(i, after the surrendrtr »„, 

turned to London and r.*!..*. 

of hifl brothers, who W) ; 

Tn J(iJ!) he published . 

press of Ilofjer Danie : 

tnmica de (.'irculatior." 

nem Jiiolanom fitium i ' 

lie discusses t]»» argin: 

trines u^t forth in a 

Anatomicum/Leyden, , 



- .-^ • * 




fcr J- - - i.----rate botanist* 

.~ iiarvey's penoral 

:-r was twvL'y-sii 

-— ■. -~t-'i."', whom Lv ifrer- 

— ■ _:■'. he was minutelv 

■ -m< of Cuwj^r ind of 

---hisi.s at T.>r.juay on 

- ■- .»:s-Led many *eutTered 
--■ - iii The follnwin J I>'x)k5: 

- - •: -Urican Plants* Cajie- 

Unual of BritiiU Alia?,* 

■ - :ra Itritanniea. u History 

— ..--.i*.*lS4(J-:>l. 4. -Xereiji 

«e of the ^^>urhvm Itcean,' 

■ *^iiside Bo.ik." l'*4i*. 0. "Xe- 

- ..neric^ina.* IS":;-?-. 7. • Phy- 
.-•nea.* 1S'>'^-»>.1. *. * Thosaurus 
. 'tni Cape-ri*." !>>'». A por- 
L-'i "0 his meni::r ":v -.is cousin. 

■*'. H. irirr-Y. V :i »t"e.nioiis 

..•■■-. Jiud Corr:,-:.- l-r^,'. \>y a 

(•li;*; L*'ad!.e^:"rrf Air.aL,' of 

Ikrvin's Life ar.-i L-e*:er< of 

pefsoudliDfomii::;! rr-.m Mrs. 

X.M. 

WILLIAM AVIGAX 1 1>10- 
oit Great E^tanmore.MiddU'- 
*i«con(l son of George Daniel 
>*I-Ia w, and a commissioner 
Me wnsedncati-dat Eton as 
•. nud in lt»:?8matriculatedat 
. i'lkaibridffe, ffraduatinp B.A. 
ll*3*^QnJB.D. lS5o. Hewa.-* 
,«rKm^'U831: wasTyrwhitt 
IKI^, and diviniiv lecturer 
fhjm \^\\ to '1844, and 
to 18(i.3. Harvfv was or- 
isas, and priest IsU.nnd was 
wcolleg'e rectory of Buckland 
in 1644. lleWasaKsoaJ.P. 
K.S.A. 
fccTPy cftme prominently into 
In Deceuiber IS"! he was ap- 
prime niinister.Mr.Gladstoiie, 
0^ Kwelme, near Oxford, to 
had the ripht of pre-^ienta- 
; had l)een joined previouslv 
'tV^soreUip of divinity at Ox- 
^f parliament bad been passed 
itm^tbe two offices. In this 
« special provision that future 
Vhttv were to be members of tlio 
_ of convocation. Ilan-oy was 
Kba> and to qualify himself for 
\t» WM [Qcorporated at Oriel 
', and Ti-as admitted M.A. 
.,10 Oct. 1871. "Whcnpar- 
Ir. (now Sir) J. R. Mow- 
*.>^fiird University, brought 
WIvrv th*? house. After some 



1^- j yiMrii. .-'l '-■ —J ~zr.-. 
Hirr-nr -r-i:? :i.~-_-.^i - t r i-- . " ^ 
fdSoiO.' i3!i' :^. I,- - — T— . -- :.- 



JiiT^-^ T^L.' 1 - -.1=—: ■-- ■ 
Itr-rriliLT-T ■: _.- r- : . - 

c:t*1 t ri;- i.-- I. ■ ■- 

Th---c^ c-Li^ T:-- -r--- 






. ^ . "". 'O^ , - -. . • 






- A.v- 






\\ > 



HAF.Wi.X"^P. > V 





*» 


.'\ 








•\ 


'. ». 


^.i 


1 


! 1 ;. ■ w ■«. 


.'. - 


: N. 


w 


•.V. 


■. . ■ . i 


.. 


V; 


1 


■'i 



I- 



f'f t'ljr^.'s CIJrfc'T- '"' t.'T ':''"''r- -h-:-!!!--* 

Jrc^ed-t-d M„V. -!i Mtv :"* >'../ ",. 
i>y. T-.I. iL j.t. L ]. :>>;. ••r: li--- "^ •: 
In l->77 be -w-fc* c:.t:lii- :: Nr-w C .'.t,:-. 

to ih*- r-cT'TT ;f Wtrrir^ =.. Ltr.: :.•:■.. rr. -x;.- '■. ::. -l -:■ 

which h- r-*irB'i--i t-t-rr-T- i-J ,l-.-.lv \t,^'.. ::c^>'..-. :. ..r 

when hi* *acces*-:'r TTi- ajo:!-:-.:. j^.-.i- <-.:rfc-- v.. i:-..; , , 

M^u^-nily. LsTinj -wbit W-,-.o o■i2'.^ -s r^u;- :::■:■.:. 1:-. \::?..a ].-. nw.si.x .^'v.v.^,. !:,l ;.■> 

blm? htad/he-wa^ • j-rvachirr" a; Cro'w"Lur>:. > ;:v.^:" t*.v.v.vi-;/.;i:ti v..'.:,;-.Oi .^v.r.s: .\i* v' ■• • "• 

Banfrtead. and TandricLr*- in Surrvy. :.r..i Iv.: !:is y..;,':h sv.:V. r.r.t: V.r :Y;i-.vr.«.i (.* ri;>, 

probablT at Bleichini'IrT in SarTfT ar. J Oai- "ak ■ iiv.vt tv.Tir-,'. ;i: t'l-.r^:*-. i". Iro. rnm 

ham in Hampshire. He was in?:i:-:^.:v;i\ir ir;.:^-. wLin^ \.v i:v:uh\A'.i\\ MU ;« 1 . >.\ 

of Banstead on ll»ec. 1604. A:on- ..rmw ar.a.M 1\ in i::H>. h:i\ .ik Iv, n.l.o!. -i I's \. 

of these places he kep: a school antlpniorii^d :n ITs^ niul KK S. in KS*. T.-v lii> M \\ 

medicine. He married, at Mancht-ster on dicri'v \w V'iul n iln-'-.s on x}w luuivl'uM.-n .•(" 

25 Sept. l.Jt2, Marr, daughter of KoWrt M.vil. in wliii-li ho p>^*' :>» jUN-.-imt .-t mi 

LangleTjWmetimeborouphreevoof Manchi>- nit'r*>u-s e\]>(T!nu'nis lie luul ninili' i»n tinn- 

ter. The date of his death i$ unknown. fusion tVoni >]\i^-\> t<» tU*!;* wlii»h \u\A l.v.i 

He wrote: 1. 'Two(iocH:e nnd Learn»^il a r.»nsiiU'rji\»li' «in:iniii\ of Moml In imio 

Sermons, preached at Manchester," \'>>'J. »*iiso » noinii-r \\iis Mi'J n«'inl\ (.> ilrath. nn.t 

12mo ; one of these sermons was* al.«o ]iuh- lil-unl itcini; thi-n tnin^fn^oii ('it>ni n ■■h»'< )«, 

li^hed separately (see Axox. iMncnffihr tlif ih^ir h'!i|>('il fr.»u> thoIaMi'. wnlU.-.l li.*«i.-, 

fwlfanwff0,x>.^\9). S.'TheSummumBonuni, ami cxin'rii-nci'd no >.nliw(|iii'n) inron\t'ni 

or Chief Hajipine^s of a Faithful Cliristinn, rncf. llii^ «\(tivinirnt wic ]« ilxtnn'il I'l'li-m 

a Sermon preached at Crowburst,' lol*-, .'ii'vo. lUTondt-il luc ilii^ iit thi'iiniittttnu'iil ii'luinlt 



Hanvood 



t02 



Hanvood 



lIlNt'JQptt&ic Garden at Cambridgti, and 
It iiU3 to VkTo boon oftou roixntt^ with 

I sucocAs at HarwotKl's lectures. Au account 
of ttief^ ex])^mnt>ui8 is ^ltcti iu n note in 
Hutton. Shaw, aud Pt'arson'a ' Abridffment 
of the !1iil'>?o])hic«l Transactions/ 1809, i. 

jl86, 18tJ. llarwwKlwaadisNitiHfied with the 

P->«aJKins for \ht> diiv-ontinunnce of tmaf^fuijion 
incases of lo&a of blood iu his time, llo in- 
tended to experiment a« tn the communica- 
tion of fliseo^cs and of mt-dic-inPA by trnns- 
fu8ion,butappeftrslo have published nothing 
on the fliibii-ct. In ]78r>, on the death of 
Chartes Cnllignon [q- v.], he was elected pn>- 
feaaorof anatomy at Cambridsre, In 580<J he 

Fwaa appointed l>owniiig protessn'ir of m^-di- 
cine, retaining his onatonucid chair. In iHUi 
lie WHS knighted. He die*! at Downiuft Col- 
lege on 10 Nov. 1^^14. Hn married in ITlW 
the only dau^'hter of the Uev. Sir John Tes- 
liall, bart.^ of llorsley, but left uo children. 

Uenry Gunning gives an unfavourable ac- 
csount of Ilarwood, who was a popular Ixm- 
▼ivont, witty, but very licentious m conver- 
sation. Curing his morning wallt he would 
in term lime always pick up eeveral giiesta 
for his two-o'clock dinner, at which il whs 
no unusual thing for him to rar\-L' thctiirbot 
his demonstrator bad dij?.«*clt^d for lecture 
the day before; bin guestJ* almost always 
went to hi^ lecture wilh him at four. lie 
had covered hit* walls with small water- 
colour portraits, j>ix or eight in o frame, done 
by one Harding, to whom he a^ked oil his 
luuvenuty acquaintances to eit. A quarrel 
arose Iwtwevu Ilarwood and W. L. Mangel 
£q. v.] about these portraits, which led Ilnr- 
rood to send a challenge to 8ir Iitaac Pen- 
nington, the regius professor of physic, which 
the latter rofuwxl to notice } Init ihit mt-ft- 
&t;iiger, an undtTgraduate, pulilished the 
aliiiir in the Loudon papers. Ilarwood pub- 
liabed the first volume of a ' System of Com- 

' parativo Anatomy and IMiysiolngy,' Cam- 
ridge, 1796, pp.72, 4to, with fiOccn ])lates, 
ad some synopses of his countes of lectures. 
[Gent. Mng. 18U. Imiv.pt. ii. p. 80.3; Oun- 
niiig's Ketuiuisctiuecfl, i. 50-0, ii. 95-9: Not<>i 
and QiioriM. 6Mi wr. iii. 116.] G. T. H. 

HARWOOD, Slit EDWAHD {Um?- 
ItJ^W), colont;!, was bom at Ilagbome, Berk- 
shire, about 1660. According to Fuller, ' hi^ 
having killed a man in a quarrel put n period 
to ftllli 19 carnal mirth')' Worthif9, ' Lincoln- 
shire,' ed. 16fil>, pp. 162-3). He wa.<* one of 
the four standing colonels in the Low Coun- 
tries, and was !shot at the sit'ge of Mni'.'itricht 
in 1632. Tlis will, da1*-d U .TunH HW2. was 
proved at London on tbf fnUowiiig 11 Sept. 
(P. C. C.94, Awdley). In 1G4l> his brother 
orge, a merchant of London, published 



* The Advice of Sir E. Ilarwood, written 
King Charles his Command, upon occnsioal 
of the I''reuch King's preparation, and pr©- 1 
sentpd in bis Life time by his owne hand^ toj 
his Majestii': . . . b1»o a Rt^Iation of bis Ufef 
and death* [bv Hugh Pf*ter*l, Ac, 4t<i,Lan-J 
don (reprinted in ' Harleian Mi^ceUanj/ ed.f 
Park, iv. 268). I 

[ Authoritiee quoted ; GeDt.Xa^.xc i.397-8.| J 

G. G. ' 

HABWOOD. EDWARD. D.D. (1729-1 

1794), classical scholar and biblical critical 
was bom at Darwen, Loitcashlre, in 1729, 
A Oer attending a school at Darwen, he went ' 
in 1745 to the Hlackbum grammar school 
under Thomas Hunter, afterwards vicar of | 
Weaverharo, Cheshire, to whom he ascribe* ] 
the formation of his lil)eral tables {JntrwL 
to N. T., 1773, p. xi). Hunter wi.<(l)ed him to I 
cuter atQueen'a College, Oxford, with a riew 1 
to the church. But lua parents were dUscn-* I 
ter.i, and be waa trained forthe miniatry in tho I 
academy of David Jennings, D.D. [q. v.], &(< 
Wellclose Square, London. I^Aving the 1 
"academy in 1760, Har\vood engaged in teacli- 1 
ing, and was tutor m a. boarainp-^chool at 
Pcckhara. He preached occasionally for 
tiwirge Hi'nson [q. v.], and became iulimata 
with Lardner. In 1754 he removed to Con- 
pleton, Cheshire, where he superintended 
a grammar school, and preachen altpmotely 
at Wheelock in Cheshire and Leek in Staf- 
fordshire. At Conpleton ho aaw much of 
Joseph Priestley, then at Kantwich, who 
speaks of bim as ' o gt^id classical scholar and 
a very entertaining companion,' From 1757 
he asaocintcd also with John Taylor, D.D., 
who In that year became divinity tutor in 
the Warrifiptnn Academv; and in 1761 he 
preached Tavlor'a funeral sermon at Chow- 
bent, Lancashire. Antti)]iendix to the piinted 
sermon warmly takes Taylor's side in disputes 
about the academy, and shows that Hurwood 
wfls by this time at one with Taylor's 9emi- 
Arianthenlogy.although he says that he never 
adoptctl the tenets of Ariua, His letter of 
30Dec.l7S4toM'iIliam Christie [q. V.J shows 
that in luter life he inclined to Socinianisni 
(Monthly MejHUfiionj, It'll, p. 1,30). On 
l(i ttct. 17(i-> Harwoud was ordained to the 
Tucker Street prvsbyterian congregation, 
Itristol. Ho had married, and wasnowbur- 
deiD'd with a numerous family, and be de- 
scribes his congregation a* * very small and 
cont inually waiting; ' adding that' there never , 
was a dissenting minister who experieDced 
more re5p<.'Ct ana geuerositv from persons of] 
all di-nouiinations than I dl J for several years.* ■ 
Hi* indulged hi:^ bent for classical readings 
employing it iu New Testament exegeus. A 



ifwood 



103 



Harwood 



Br?t volume ( 1"07> of ' latrodtiction to New 

r^-etanj-^m Studies' aitnicte"! the uotice of 

I^Vincipa.! Ilnbertaonof Kdiuburgli, on whose 

commL-nilntionhcwaftmAdt'U.D.oftUat iini- 

"ir B. free trftn.«lattoii of the Nuw l\;stain<-iit, 
. tract agBin!>t prtHlc^&tinatiuii, 176H, auJ the 
Ire publication of a treatise by William Wd- 
liauu on ' the supremacy of the Father' ( Gftit. 
[-1/0//. I7y3, p. iWM), made him locally un- 
ajiular; he wa» '^liutmed liylhf mullitude 
like an jnfwted rM-rs<ni,*iiiul forsomu mouths 
['could hanlly woIklheh(reet.-(»f Bristol with- 
[>m beiii^ in.sulted' (7«^rW. to .V. T., 1773, 
xviii). He piibli^hed \im tratmlation of 
[ibe Xt'w Testament in I'lif^, and another 
fvolume hywayofinlrodiiclionin 1771. Some 
leljarj^'WiL* brought iigninKt hi&charncter.and 
|3hel»'n BriMoliii 177:^. Coming to Loudon, he 
l settles] iniireal lUii-sellj^ireet.and employed 
[.bimself in literary work. i[e failed toohtain 
. rorant placp at the llritixh Museum, hut 
avB he (fi>t a I»*Iter pout ( (ienf. Matf. 1. c.) 
In I77(t, HO«>n aft>-r publishing a biblio- 
I^Ttiiiliy of editions of the cl«Mic*», Harwood 
|#nlu his cla^^ical bonks and took lod|;ings in 
tllvde Street, IJloLmisljury. Hia means were 
l^tmiteneii, and on \'> Mav i7b:^ he wa^i at- 
Ttaciedhv parolyfis. Thmigh lie derived some 
[K?n(?lit from the application of olectricitv by 
lohn Birch ( 17-i.'i.--l?il5) 'q. v.] fsee flar^ 
iw<wd'8 account in 'The l-aw,' &c. [17^4], 
iVvoi, he eutild neither walk nor sit, but whb 
Lftiill abit' to write and to teaeli. Herlaim.-i 
Lto have * WTitten more iKxiks than anyone 
[ person now livinjf except l>r. Priestlf}"' ( Gfiit, 
Ma*j. ut *upra'l. Without bi-iiig a follower 
|.*"f Priestley. hi- defended Iiim ( ]7k'i) ngninst 
~ muel Badcnck [q. v."', L«ter he complained 
coldnt?*.f of his dissenting friends, con- 
ling * the benevnlence and charity of the 
burch of England' with * the Huumesa and il- 
I liberality of |*^e*byte^iaIl9*{^r/i^ May. 1792, 
I p, filHl.' lledicd at tl Hyde Street on UJnn. 
I7i>4. Hiswife.ayoungerdaujrhterof Sanuiel 
I Chandb>r [jj. v.], died on I'l May 171*1, aged 



h^, Tlieir I'hk-st son, ICdwnrd ,'q. v.], wrote 

Latin 
p. l>ti). 



Latin epitnph to their memory 



\. v.j, wrote 
-y ijh. 171)4, 



Harwood'* bihlical studies received little 
I «*ncouragement from dissenters. LardncrjuKt 
live«l htngenough tueommend histir^t volume, 
> niul give rtoine hint.4 for a ftecond, und other 
early friends were dead. Newti.m, biehop of 
Bristol.atidl^iw, while master of I'eterhoufic, 
gave him Hnc-ouragem<>nt ; l^wth hmt him 
Dook»; and the value of hi<t work was recog- 
niaed by continental sehnlars, hi*t first volume 
bmng tranaUieil into Herman (Halle, 1770, 
6ro)byJ.F. liehuUofOuttingen. Hia'libemr 
Riidunugof the New Testament, suggested by 



the Latin version of Cnstalin, wna an honest 
attempt to do in English what LuMerre hna 
doue lort hegttapelsin French, But Harwood's 
style was tup^id ; lience his tni«*lation ha» 
been visited witi» a contrmpt %vhich on the 
ground of scholarship Lt illde^rve?. His most I 
imjhirtant biblical ]abour,an>cun!4tmcledtext 
of the Greek Testament, I77t1, wan nt^lected 
by his contemporaries. He based hi^ text on 
I be i-'antabrigian and Ckromoutano codices, 
Mipplying their deficiencies from the Alex- 
andrine ; in a reninrkable number of instances 
\\\» readings ant iciimtcthejudgmenl of recenl 
editors. 

His biblical works are: 1. 'A New IntrtK 
duction to the Study ... of the New Tea- 
tfiment.' Hic, vol. i. 17H7, 8vo, vol. ii. 1771» 
fSvo; :>ud edit. 1773, Kvo, i? vols, (b third 
volume was projected, but not publishtxl. 
Hanvood waited for the promised issue of 
a posthumous volume of Diblical notes bv 
Chandler, which never api)eared>. 2. *A 
Liberal Tninslation of the Now "ifestament 
. . . with Select Notes,' &c., I7(>y, t*vo, 
■ '2 vols, (appended ia Clemeiil's [Hrst] Kpi^tlb 
] to the Corinthians). 3. • H KAINH AlA- 
BUKH . . , colliited with tlie most approved 
MSS., with Select Notes in Knglish,* &c., 
177(J, li!mo. '2 vols, (has appended biblio- 
graphy of editions) ; hia interleaved copy in 
the British Museum is corrected to 1 Aov. 
1778. His contributions to closstcal studies 
arw: X. 'Caiulli, TibulH, Vropertii 0]HirR/ 
Scc.y 177-1, ]l'n») (with revised lextH). 5. 'A 
View of. . .edilionsof the (ireek and Roman 
Claaaica.'&c. 1775. Hvo; 2nd edit., 1778, ttvo; 
3rd edit., 17tf2,13mo: 4th edit., 1790. 8 vo, 
reprinted in .\dam Clarke'ft 'liibUographical 
Diet ionorv,' Liverpool, 1801, li'mo, vols.f 
translated into fJerman by Alter, Vienna, 
1778, 8vo; Ilalian.byl'incelli, Venice, 1780, 
&vo; and by Boni and Clamba, with large 
additions and impr«»vementj*, Venice, 17U3, 
12ino, '2 vols.; tlie •Introduction to . . . 
Editions,' *S;c., I80*i, 8vo, by Tlmmns Frog- 
nail Dibdiu [11. v.], is * a tabulated arrange- 
ment ' from Harwood's * View.* (J. ' Bio- 
g-n»phia Classica,' &c., "Jnd edit., 1778, l:2mo, 
'2 vols. Hurwond al.^o translated from tho 
French Aluiuzit'n • Mittcellanii's,* 1774, fevo, 
rind from lht« Hennan (a language which he 
leiirned after 1773) Wiehind's 'Memoirs of 
MisM Sophy Sternlieim,' 1776, 12mo, Jvola. 
HfHdilcd the eleventh edition of J. Ilolmes'a 
Lnlin (trammor, 1777, Kvo; the twenty- 
fourth edition of N. Bailey's Kngliitb Bic- 
tioujiry, 178:2, 8vo: and an e<]ition of the 
Common I'rayer Book in I^tin, ' Liturgia 
. . . Trecum Communinra,' Ac, I7S*!, I'Jmo, 
reprinted IMO, Ilimo. An edition of Horace 
bearing liia name was printed in 1805, 12mo^ 




t02 



[anvooc 



in llic oltl llotnnic (mrden at Cambridge^ and 
■was paid ti» bave been oitcu repeatetl with 
fluccesB ut Llarwood's lectures. Ad account 
of these oxperiiiifntft is given in a note in 
Hutton, Shaw, and IVarBon's * Abridfrment 
of the Pliilosopbical Transact ione,' 1809, i. 
188,186. HarwoodwaadissatifScd with the 
TCftBons for the discoutinuunrc uf transfuition 
in casea of loss of bhxMl in bis time. He in- 
tended to experiment ae to the communica- 
tion of diiiea*es and of medicines by trnns- 
fusioii.but appearsto have published nothing 
on the Ruhicct. In 1785, on the death nf 
Charles Collignon [q. v.], ho was elected pri.»- 
fessor of anatomv at Cambridge, hi 1800 be 
VfBS appointed Uowuing itrofessor of medi- 
cine, retaining his aoalomical chair. In 1H06 
he was knigbted. llo died at Downing Col- 
lege tm lOA'ov. 1SI4. Ho married in 1798 
tlie only daughter of the Rev. Sir John I'es- 
ball, bn'rt., of llorsley, but left no children. 

Hcnrv Gunning gives an unfavourable ao- 
couni o? Har^vood, who was a popular bon- 
vivam, witty, but very licentious m convei^ 
Bution. riuring liis tnoming wnlU he would 
in term time always pick up several gueatw 
for bis lwo-o'ch>ck dinner, at which it was 
no uniLsiiat thing for him to carve the turbot 
his demonstTBtor had dissfictiMl for let^lure ] 
the tlay before ; hi* guests almost always i 
ircnt to bis lecture with him at four. lie I 
bad covered bis walls with small water- | 
colour portraits, six or eight in a frame, done 
by one Harding, to whom ho asked all his 
university acquatntnnces to sit. A quarrel 
aruso between Harvvood and W. L. Mauael 
[q. v.] abimt these portraits, which led Har- 
wood to send a challenge to Sir Iftaac Pen- 
nington, the regias profes-ior of phytic, which 
the latter refused to notice; but the mes- 
senger, an nndergrnduatc, publishcii tb^ 
affair in the London papers. Ilarwood puh- 
lished the first volume of n ' Sydtem of Com- 

Sarative Anatomy and Pbyeiology,' Cam- 
ridge, 1796, pp. 72, 4to, with fiftw'n plat* -. 
and some synopeesof his courses of lectiin'- 
[Qent. Ma^'. I8U, Ixxiiv. pt. ii. p. 80,1; (itm 
niiig'tf Itemiaiftceaees. i. AO-6, ii. 95-9; lCo(f'~ 
and Queries. 6th scr. iii. 118.] U. T. B. 

HARWOOD, SiK EDWARD (1 
l(l.'t2^, coloDt'I, was bom at Ilagbornt.-, 
shire, about 15K(i. According to l-'rilh 
having liiUed a man in n quarrel put n , 
to all bis cartinl inirtb'( U'urthie^, ' Lk^ 
shire,* ed. lOiJ:?, pp. ItW-IJ). He wa.-* 
thtifour jtnnding colonels in the I ■ 
tries, and was shot at the siego m 1 

in l(J3i\ His will, dated It ' 

provwl at London on th«' I". 
[P.C.C.04. Awdley). In ] ;: 
George, a uwrcbant of London, pai: 



'The Advice of Sir E. Ilarw.^- 1 
King Charles his Commajid, 
of the Frencli King'a prep«r. 
Rented in bis life time by hi 
his Uajestie: . . . also a U 
and death' [bv Huch IVi^ 
don < reprinted in 'Ilarlciun 
Park, iv. 26&). 

[AuthoritiM quoted ; G<-r.i 

HARWOOD, Li 

1794), classical sc'i 
was born at Uar';\ . 
Afterattending a -r 
in 1745 to the Ithir 
under Thomas linn' 
Weaverham, Chr^l.r 
the formation of l.t 
/oA-.r..l773.p 
enter at QueiTi 
to the cl: ' ' 
ters.aiKl ' 
acndeuiv mi ■' 
Wellcliwe S((Mci 
ncadomy in IT"' 
ing, and wao < < 
IV'ckhatn. I ' 
fieorgt? r 



K. O. 



U' 



M^m |,u«7)J 
-1 ;-'.';', ttndl 
■In U'.'rV.iilUce» 
- -, however, bsl 
' istry, and nfterl 
r-ity, whereDr.J 
'he undesigned { 
initarianism, ht»| 
!i>: unilurian cou-^ 
U hile there he pub- 
;i.*tis, in one of wiiich 
t'^.- of ecclesia-stical e?- 
,-T\*. \ijv.nr. In iKIQho i 
,' •":. Mark's Cbafiel, 
- licijim as to the 
fi ..^ .ti an acrimonious 
■^ lUr. George Harris of 
.- «sabri« (^ bis denomi- 
w ivMOTtd from iJridport 
.^■■mnwin 1841 a»«igtuiit 
■ won Fox ^^. v.] at 
\iXvT a while be bo- 
tv leciunt on Sun* 
t iMtituitoii, Mile Knd, 
Mbt 31 l>fc^ 1^ when 




Hanvood 



■.nu\ 
. . . -■- :iii- 

■Mi.ii. I..- 

.-.iuA.Vi.X 

■ -■-•■(iuliiiis 

. . ;:liijt nl" liis 

i' 'Il'O. He was 

- ■ i.oliiiciun, am] 

■■•!|i(iiliif9 to which 

M iti privuto than he 

Mieili'-nt in his jour- 

'-' ii uinst. niiiinblti man, 

r-i itiiiPTof thepresby- 

'■:■' <>lil school, With few 

■ -■> iiimrt from poUtics, 

■iVtTTi'iTia (intl his intense 

<•'. Notwithstanding his 

■ ■ "!i>;ipreacherandlecturer, 

■!ltlir>r ]iublicitT in his later 

■ i i\f To nierpp his own pereon- 

- ;:''ir^hip. His daughter, Isa- 

■ v.tt'Iy noticed, llarwood'spriu- 

• . ).<-iit!f<; occasional sermons, are: 

:: !'-ni in l!e1igion ; or Keligious 

' Ihertlngical Formulas,' 1840. 

ii Kxtt'rision and Church Eitension- 

■.* !- ( t im-.s, 1 SiO. 3. * German Anti- 

.v.i!i''ni.' Six lectures on Strau^s'e 

M .Ir-ii." ]s41. 4. Six lectures on the 

^:l^^■ -Mondpolv and Free Trade,' 1843. 

Ili-toryof tWirish Rebellion of 1798,' 

ilf i- Wlieved to have been the trans- 

"1' If. L, J^uer's work on the'Tlieo- 

>1' chf i )ld Testament/ 1838. 

■iinlny Rcriew, 17 Dec. 1887; Inquirer, 

.-. \sh7 ; personal knowledge; Brit. Miit). 

R. O. 



HABWOOB, THOMAS, D.D. (1767- 

'*?>, topographer and mist^llaneous writer^ 

-n on 18 May 1707 at Shepperton, 

f which parish his father and 

ii-4m both patrons and rec- 

•^'•n on 18 Nov. 1773>. 

1 Imlf old, and in. 

■.::i<'(lonthefounda- 

. iricuhited at Oxford 

■ iu r.-ity Collfge. In 

•'■ (i'-iic(tn. and afterwards 

, '."llt'iro, Cambridge. Ile- 

«'i" ih.! ^Tammar school at 

'rr-.Vr iritl till 1813, when 

-:'li' in a hduse of his own ia 

" ;.-":i-: appointed perpetual curate 
■ !•■■ iwich, ni-ar Lichfield. lie gra- 
il. I ». iit Cambridpe in 1811, and in 

'J ATI- presented, on his own nomination,. 
■■■ !ii! r«-i-t(irynfStawley, Somersetshire, but 
:iti.-;- i<'sidinp there two years, he resigned 
■ii-' Jiving in lHl9,and returned to Lichtield- 
I If was created D.D. of Cambridge in 18i'-% 
iiml for many years was a fellow of the 
iSucii'ty of Antiquaries. He was presented 
ill 18^8 to the chapelrv of liumtwood, which 
he B<?rved, t(yether with Hammerwich, until 
his death, lie died at Lichfield on 23 Dec. 
184:^. In politics he was on advanced whig, 
and strenuously supported Roman cathohc 
emancipation. lie married, in 1793, Maria, 
eldest uaughtor of Charles AVoodwurd, and 
had A family of ten children. 

His works are : 1. * The Death of Dion, a 
tragedy,' in five acts and in ver.'^e, London,. 
1787, 8vo. It was never acted. 'J, *The 
Noble Slave, a tragedy,' in five acts and in 
verse, Bury St. Fdniundfi, 1788, 8vo. It was 
performed at the Norwich theatre. 3. 'An- 
notations upon Gcnesisi, with Obfler\-ation«^ 
Doctrinal and Fractical,' London, 1789, 8vo. 
4. ' Sermons,' '2 vols. 1794, 8vo. 5. ' Alumni 
Etonenses ; or a Catalogue of the Frovosts 



and Fellows of Eton College andKinc'sCol- 
lege, Cambridge, from the Foundation in 
1443 to the year 1797, with an Account of 
their Lives and PrefL'rments; collected from 
original M.SS. and authentic biographical 
works,* London, 1797, 4to. Altbougli ex- 
cellent in design this volume was somewhat 
carelessly executed, and is without an index. 
The biographical particulars ore meagre. 
(}. 'Tlie Sacred History of the Life of Jesus 
Christ, illustrative of thf Harmony of th« 
Four Evangelists,' 1798, l:2mo. 7. M Grecian 
Antiquities ; or an Account of the Public and 
IMvateLifeof the Greeks,' London, lK>I,8vo. 

8. *A. Manual of (ieo^aphy/ 1804, li*mn. 

9. 'ThellistoryandAntiquitiesof the Church 
and City of Lichfield, containing its ancient; 



Haselden 



106 



Hasehvood 



Auil pn.-^nt state, civil and cccleflia.«tical,' 

LouUuu, l^*Ot>, Itu. 10. An edition of •Sami>- 

totx lilrJ*»wicki''d • Survey of Staflbnlshire 

. . , coUnLt.'d witli manuscript copied and 

wiiti Additions and enrri-ctions/ ^^'e8^min- 

Attir, 1^*0, ■'^vo, and ag-aiii, l^ndon, 1^44, >^vu. 

II. ' AnuoUtionH, Ei-cli'^insticnl and lJevi>- 

tional: iiiltMidcd lo illiiHlnilo lliu Liturgy 

' •' \X.\IX Arlirli'i* of tha rnilo'd 

: Kl1^Uud and Irolund; with an 

.1.- ' '•'">Muction,' London, 1826, Svo. 

A ! ;-i)rtrnit iipiJ»-flrs in llurwood's 

<Jiti -. - - - -'-swicke's ■ biaJiorddliin.'.' 

[tSrit. Mu». AdUit. M8. I0ttl7. f. idd ; Biikor'H 

!;;,v-, l^.a!...uu-a. i. Sia. ii. IW; Uio^f. J>ict. of 

p. 14»; 0»i>L. Miv;. 1843, pt, i. 

1 8urv<»y of Siaffonlohiro. 1 844, 

t'AiUiilir. 187«, p. ISejLilcTiry 

' nig AuLliorrt, i. 'iiO; I>iwtutcVei 

Mm, (^M>l)it)> pp. 7^1, IM09, Nictiolv's 

r. of Ml. vi. 813-16.] T. C. 

\->:' '*KN. TIU>MAS 01. 1740>, 

Uiti . waA fur aniuti limi* fKJiuol- 

[iping Old i)liur», and aflur- 

.latvr uf tlio lUiviil Acntlemy 

111 i::;j lio |irilili£lic-d ■ l)c- 

... thut raoRt excoUent 

ouU'dMtTc'ntor'a Chart; 

!to IV'iicription of & new 

>iiice.<i niiiy be measured 

1 u I'liir of Compasses.* To 

v"l II XtftivT 10 I>r. Hallcy, 

I ''mUr Chart, which pro- 

liMi v»'ar by Wt-nry AVilstm 

iit Iho Clobiihir Chiirt,' 

Hi i,u. UuAt^ldun'alpnneiptd 

'u! re-f.t involid, and tho 

UitM^Idon soon after 

■>*'- Wilsrtjn'j* Answer to 

L * ■ Vindication of (he 

".■oond letter to Dr. 

^ O, At that time 

■ If'Tvttohwrof Ma- 

' \ (duntii-rs in the 

publUhod* Miithe- 

!i iho Malhe- 

' . , i-i'HijMMed by 

I'lnf^lisu 

I u new 

1 lit,' said 

U'Ctwlto 

I'Ut from 

■ " *X"iety 

i fellow. 

t bv T. 

, vol. ii. ; 

; T- A. 

' > I, n 

■ [ lun,' 

t, fti the 



request of Richard de la Ware, abbot of 
A\ eatminstcr, in 1:^60 t^he 'Coru^uetudinarium 
Monachorum Westmonasteriensium/part of 
which in extant amonir the Cotton. MS8. 
(Otho G. xi.) On 3 .May }'2SS Hugh Bal-.J 
shorn (or Belosale), then bii^hop of KlyJ 
^^nted an indulgence of twenty days tol 
all persons visiting AVestminsler Abbey and] 
praying at Ilaseley's touib. ,\ copy of thiti 
indulgence is amonfir the ninnimeuts of West-I 
minfitur .Vbbcy {Hist. MUS. Cmn$n. 4th ReptJ 
p. 183). 

[TanooT's Bibl. Brit.] W. J. H-T. 

HASELi; ELIZABKTH JULIA 1 1830- 

1887), miawllftnenuft writer, vtah the s<'cond 
<hmghtor uf ICdwnrd Williams Hasell fif Dale- 
main, near I'enrith. She was bom on 1 7 Jan. h 
18:K),and wascarefullyeducatcdat home. Atfl 
the Mime time she taught herself, with littlo^ 
or nn ojiststance, Latin, Greek, Spanish, and 
Portuguese. About ISoM ^h^.• l»egan to con- 
tribute to ' Blackwood's Magaztu<.*' and also 
to the 'Quarterly Review,' reviewing in the 
latter Ijonl Derby's trsnilntion of the ' Iliad.* 
At this lime her attention wa* largely con- 
centrated on Greek literature. Sub^etjuentl/^ 
&he devoted herself chietly to the literaturw^| 
of Southern Europe, of which she acquired a 
knowledge at once accurate and e.xtt;uaivB: 
and after writing sundry magouiie articles 
en Spanish and P<irtiigueso nutiiOTS, she coto- 
piled two of the most scholarly volumes 
the series of * Foreign Clusslt-a for Englis! 
Uesders," those on Calderon and Taetto, hot' 
publiidied in lW77. She also reviewed oo-3 
easionatly in the ' Athenfcum.* But besid< 
piirsiiin)^ her studies she g&ve alai^porti< 
of her time to promoting education and t 
general welfare of the district in which sh' 
lived, walking long distances acra^ the hill 
to ttiat^b in village schools or deliver extem- 
pore addn-iwoj*, in which she showed a quite 
uuusual facility. Her philanthropic exei 
tions probably hastened hur death, as in h 
desire, to do good to a scattered popuhilii 
she made light nf fatigue and expomurv 
rain and cold. A deeply religious womai 
she was well read in the>:dngy, and publi<.hed 
L 'The Uock : and uthcr »hort lecturtis < 
passages of llolv Scripture,' 1867. 2. ' Shoi 
Family Prayers',' l):*7i),18.SL 3. ' Bible P 
lags' 1883. A devotional work, ' Via Cm 
et Lucis,' was the Inst book she wrote. Shi 
died on 16 Xov. 18.>^7. 
I [Private iuJoniiatioD; Brit. Moi. Cat.1 

N. M. 

HASELWOOD, THOMAS (^.13^0%"' 
histnrian, WHS a canon regulnr at the mona»- 
j lery of Leeds in Kent, wht-re he was em- 
I ployed AS a schoolmaster. Bale, 011 the au- 



Haslam 



107 



Haslem 



iliontr of WilUua Botooer or WUliua </ 

V^ (ipi>Mt>-r, us^ts that he Lirpd «kmt 13:iO, 

Imt We<*Ter in his ' Fonenll UaoaaieBU ' 

r}iii>t«& frrim Iiii»dwood • mUoct of Edwsrd 

ttw Dlack rmijc& llaaelwoads onlf work 

ii »id to bavff been & * Chroaicon Coapea- 

diwium UftDtuariense;' Wearer •»*«• that 

H was ill the Cottoai&n Lifanrr, bat givei 

Bft mofv **]i«ct referencft, and it Menu impo9- 

nhU* to dM>i<Ie for eert&in wbether it is atill 

pKHTri>d there; ifaoithubMaloststjditof. 

Tbe !ut worda of the extract giren br Weerer 

are ' inter regilea reguni memohas dignum 

he Edvardom principem' duximoa oooudgd- 

andum/ which looki* aa if Iljiselwood'a work 

WW s scries of short Uvm of Kngliwh king*. 

yerham a comptUtiou made for the iu« c<f 

Lis scholars. 

[Bale, T, 20 ; Wecrer'a Fimemll MonoiMinU, 
K'i96\ KuIItV Worthies, Kent^ p. 81; T»»ncr't 
I.U. lirli.-Hib. p. 3S3.] C. L. K. 

HASULM.JOHN" (I7ft4-1K44>, modicfll 
writer, wajf bom in l^in'lon in 17'i4 nnd pe- 
<eiv.1l 111- rn.ilical e<hicatinn at the United 
ISoro ilaund at Kdlnbtirgh, where 

) at 1 m^ical cIomcs in 1785 and 

"**6. After acting for many rears R#niM>tht*- 
arr to B«?thlchem Hospital, Londnn, thus ub- 
aininj^ n practical knowl'^ge of diaeaaes of 
he brain, he wiib created a doctor of niedi- 
by the iinivcrfitv of Aberdeen, 17 'Sept. 
1^16, and eatabltshetl hini^lf a^ a pbTf-ician 
l^mdnn. To comply with the rcgulationa 
ftheCuUejjeuf Phvfttcian* in IxJndon.heen- 
er^ himself at IVmbroke Collepv, L'um- 
ridRv, nnd kept aomo ternui there, bnt took 
' rne. TIo wax admitted a liceDtiate of 
nUege of Phy>ucian3, VJ April 1824. 
■m waa long distiDgulshe*! in private 
aetice bv his prudent treatment of the in- 
ane, wbife his scienlific publicatioiuandluA 
onlribtitiona on cenoral literufure to llie 
riodic:il>4 gitve bim a wide n'piitation. Uu 
id at 5t) I^mbV ('onduit Street, London, 
tJnh 1814, ogeU W). 
Hnalam wrote : 1. ^Otwtervations on In- 
oitT, with Pnictiful Uemnrk* on the Dia- 
' And on .'Vccount of the .Morbid AppeB.r- 
IDceson l>i-'«'.*ction,'17y8. The second edi- 
ontitlcd 'Ob^errntions on MadncKS 
leUncholy,' l^OP. 2. • llIiistnitioriAof 
!t, with a I>eM*ription of the Torture* 
cperieiiced bv Itomli-biiTstinij, Lol>ster- 
ackinf. and fien(ciheniii)f the Itrain/ It^lO. 
'ObMTvut idDH of the Physician [ J)r. Thomas 
lonroj nnd Apiitbecar>'uf Hethlem Un^pital 
Upon the E^idencc before the noitaeofCom- 
ona on Madhoiwc,' l."*16; Haslnra's obser- 
_ ioasftTBon pp. It7-jV». 4. 'Considerations 
itfae Uoml Manafrcment of Iiioane Person;^,' 
1817. 5. * Medical Juruprudeuce as it relates 



to Insanity.* 1**I7. ti. 'A LeftertolbeGoTer- 
nore of iMhJ-hetn Hiwpstal. containing aa. 
Aecouai ci th«ir Jlaaagement Car the last j 

CootribiitiooB to the Hiatonr aad FkywHiogy i 
of the naaaan Intaneet,' 1810. 8. ' A Letter J 
to the Lord ChaaeeUar on Unaoondneis nC] 
Mind and ImheeOitr ct Intellect/ ISULJ 
9. ' On the Naian of Tboagfat and iuCoft- 
nexion with a Perepicooiu Sentence/ 183o. 
Haslam md three papen— * On Restraint 
and Cirrcion/ iH^iS, * An Attempt to Insti- 
tute the Correct Dificrimination between 
Crime and Insanity; 1843, and 'On the In- 
crease of Insanity/ lt*43— before the Society 
fbr Improving the Condition of the Insane ; 
these were printed with others by J. C. 
Sommen in 16Q0. A portrait of ^^1^1^^ by 
G. I>awe was engrared in meuotint. 

pfnok's Coll cf Pbn. 1S78, iii. 3R3 ; Uterary 
GftMtte. 27 JgIt llJU, p. 48*; GroL M«^. 
Sfptembrr IB'14. p. 322; CiiTaln^a of Library* in 

:jm«M)n-0eQtnl8 Office at ^l^iogron. 18S4» 
r.STl.) G. C.B. 

HASLEM, JOrrX (Ie08-I8&41, china 
and enamel painter, born in 1808 at Carring- 
ton^ near Munch'-^tfr. left home n» a boy to , 
lireat Derby with bis uncle. Jame^Thomason, 
afterwards manager of the Derby china works. 
He studied under George Hancock, and first 
devoted himself to flower-painting, but sub- 
sequently took to figure-painting, in which 
he was verj- successful, lie pointed for the 
Duke of S>us8ex a head of Lord Byron, as a 
present for the king of Greece, and at the 
doke's instigation came to London and stu- 
died under E, T. Parris [q. v.] He copied 
many picturve iu miniature on enamel, and 
waa a frequpnt exhibitor at the Hoval Aca- 
demy from \t^i\ to 18<i5. In IfM'i he ob- 
tained B medal from the S«:iciety of Art* for 
a portrait ou china. Up jminted a i^inaU 
enamel portrait of the queen, nnd thence- 
forward obtain^ many comminiiinns from 
the royal family and the nobility, e5pec)allr 
for copies of aucestrnl portraits, lie was 
also frequently employed by jewellers and 
art dealers, and on one occo-sion wne em- 
ployed to paint a set of enamels in imitation 
of Pelitot, which were so succewiful llmt 
they appeared in the miniature exhibitions 
nt South Kensington, in \HH'J nnd IHttTi, as 
thoworkof Pptitot hims4^-lf. In 1K'j7 Hn»Iem 
returned to reside with his uncb' in Derby, 
where be continued till his denth in 1hs4. 
In lS7fi he published a history of 'Tho Old 
Derby China Knctorj-.' 

[HHslftn'a Old Derhy China Factory; infor- 
maiino fnim W. B^'tnroM of Derby; Omves's 
Diet, of A7li»ts, 1760-lti8Ui Boyal Academy 
Catalogau,] L. C. 



Haslerig 



HASLERIG, SrK AKTHl'R (rf. 1661), 

6Utef*mail. [See l!t»ILRIGB.j 

HASLETON, RICILVUD {f. 1595), 
trareller, hns related his travels in tlie verj" 
i*carce ' StranffL' aud wonderful tiling hap- 
pened to Kd. Hosleton, borne at Uraintree la 
lisBwt, in bis ten yean^s Iravoiles in many 
forraiue countries. Penned a« he delivert^d it 
from hifi owne mouth," l.Mta, 4to, priuteil by 
Adam Isliji for William JIarley. Another 
edition waa printed in 1(XX) by Thomas 
Pavier. The I-j&5 fdilinn has cuts, said to 
be taken from PoHphilo. » 

[Amofi's Typo^. Antiq. (Horbtrt), pp. 1277. 
12S5. 1363 ; Lowndu's BkU. Uuaunl (Buhn).] 

R. \i. 

HASLEWOOD, JnSF:PII (]7«li-im), 
anliyuHrT,*, was horn in L<inilou (at the Lyinjf- 
in-Ho&)iltal in llrownlow Street, Drury Lane) 
fi Not. I7Hi). At nn early age he entered the 
oiKee of his uncle, Mr. DewWrrr.a solicitor in 
Conduit Street, aften\"ards iMx-arao a partner, 
nnd ultimately itucceeded to the business. 
lie distiiig^iished himsell' by his zeal for sn- 
tiquarian studies ; his editorial labour* were 
coneiderable, and he collected a curioiij* li- 
brary. Among the worksiliat hepdited were 
*Tus«erVI*'ive Iliindrt-d l'oiiitfnU*tt<H>d llus- 
liandrv,' ]810: Juliana Berners or Barnes's 

• Boot of St. AlbaiiP,' 1810; Paiuter's * I'aliice 
of Pleasure/ 1B13; ' Antient Critical Essovs 
upon English Poet* and P<«.*.sy,' 2 vols. ItSll- 
1816; * Mirror fnrMa^strate8,'2 vols, l&lo; 
and ' Ilrunkeri Bitma^iv's Journal/ 1 vol. 
1817-18, -2 vols. lH:fO. 'The ISlK) edition of 

• HnmnbyV Joiirnul ' contains an elnharate 
notice of Ihe works of Kichanl nralhwuit, 
whose claim trt the authorship of the famous 
•Itinorari' Haslewood firmly e8ta.bli»hed. 

JIasIewood supplied Ilridces with occa- 
eional cnmraunicntions for ' Lensura Litera- 
rift/ 1^*07-9, and ■ The British Bihliug;rapher.' 
1810-1-1, lie was one of the founders of the 
Koxbur^die Club, luid conducted some of the 
cliiib books tUrouj;h the j)ress. In 1809 he 
published 'Green-Koom Uossip; or Gravity 
ttallinipt.'and in IHi?4 ' Some Account of the 
J^ife and Pnblicationtt of thelato Ji^ephltit- 
Ron, Esq.,* 8vo. Occasionally he contributed 
to the < Gentleman's Magazine.' 

lie died on 21 Sept. 1833 at Addison Road, 
Kensington. At the eale of lii^ library 
Thorpe, the bookseller, bought for 4(V. a col- 
lection of JIaslewood'.s manu5cripl rn»ies 
on the proceedings of thw Koxbur^hu Club. 
TIli.■^ ill-written and inhipid record of the 
club's achievements was entitled* l!oxburp-he 
Itevela ; or, An Account of the Annual l-)is- 
play, culinnry and festivouR, interspersed 
incidentallr with matters of Moment and 



Hassall 

Merriment. Also, Brief Notices of i he Pre 
PnK'ecdings by a few Lions of Literatur 
combined as the Koxburghe Club, founds 
17 June 1812.' Falling into uafnendl| 
hand?, the manificript nfforded material for a 
virulent attack on Ilaslewood's niemorv in 
the •Atlienreum/ Jenuarr 1884. In It 
James Muidmenl reprinted the * Athemeuml 
articles at Edinburgh, with a inemoir 
Uaslewood, under the title • Hoxboi^ll 
Kevol^, and other lielative Papers j includia 
Answers to the attack on the Memory of tl 
late Joseph llnslewood, Es<i., E.SA., wit 
Specimen* of his EiteraiT Productions/ 4t 
(ntly copieji. privately printp<i ; uniform wit^ 
the RoxburffheClub jiublications). A valu- 
able collect ii>n of ' Proclamations ' formed by 
llaslewood is uow in the library of the Dulie 
of Buccleuch at Dalkeith; nine volumes of. 
newspaper cuttings, print .% &c., illufitnilive < 
Rtage-hiatorv, are preser\'ed in the Britiai 
Museum, llaslewood wa.< a keen collecto 
of fugitive tracts. It was his fancy to bin 
several together in a volume, and affix Mm 
absurd title, os*(juaHing Quaver? (o Quii 
t^ueristen*,* 'Tramper's T wattle, or Treasuro"* 
uud Tinsel, from the Tewkesbury Tank,' ' Nut- 
megs for Nightingales/ &c. 

[Hoxbiirgho JUt<-!s, Edinborgh, 1837 : Gent 
Mfig. 1833. ii. 46:.] A. H.U. 

HASSALL or HALSALL, EDWARI 
(^. 1007), royalist, bom about l<S2r, wa 
probably a member of an old family seated 
nt I]iil:^ll, near Ormbkirk, Lancashire. He 
fought in the defence of Lathom ilouse in 
1(>44, and was wounded. A diarv" which be 
kept of the sieg*", extending from 28 Feb. to 
27 May ltj44. U preserved among Woiwls 
manuscripts in the Ashmoleon Museum at 
Oxford. Another copy in the British MuseumM 
(Hiirleian MS. 20/4) has been printed iltfl 
a miKh-niiced form In Draper's 'House of 
Stanley.' The authorship of the diarv* has, 
however, been also ascribed to Iwlh Colonel 
Edwar<l Chisenbale [q. v.] and to Ralph 
Brideoake [o. v.], then one of I^nl Derby'e 
chaplains, ilasf^ll, whoattAinrd therankt ' 
miyor, was one of the four cavaliers who, * 
6 June 1650, assassinated Anthony Aschu 
[q. v.] at Madrid {Cat. Clarendon Stat 
Fapfrf, ii. fyS, 220, 3-13 ). He was imprisone 
there for four months, but in Oclooer wa 
releasejl, and went to England to act ns 
spy on the leaders of the commonwealth (ifc 
ii. 200). From a letter of his brother James^ 
to the king, dated 12 Feb. ItyVo, it wouM 
seem that be had planned to surjirise and 
secure Liverpool for Charlos(iY>. tii. 10). lie 
accompanied hia brother to Flanders in JunOj 
of that year, and in the following Novemt 



Hasse 



10^ 



Hassell 



I 



nUiged in a }>l>tt to kill C*n>mn'(?11 (iii. 4<t, . 
•^). On Hi JilIt U}tii\ he wa.« sppoinTed 
«inem- to Uie qiieeu ( t'al. f^tate Pa/ters, 
\hm. 'l««;i-t pp. 20-2, 613, 16«4-o pp. 339, 
^79 1. 

Hte brolher. JjlHea IIassall (_/f. 1607), 
il» 4ttli?d (I major, arrived ut Antwerp in 
t^hruary Itl-V), and (rare (innonde much in- 
lunniiinD aViut atlWirs in F*ii|{Iand {Oil. 
Ckrmdou State PitperHf iii. IS). In July 
Ulovuiff he received a letter from the king 
<)airiiijf liiixi to reiuru to England to collect j 
Wf sums of money that the geaorostty of 
frieiuli might supply {\b. iii. 44). At tbo , 
nd of the year he waa concerned in the plot 
to unuwinace Cromwell, but waa betrayed, ' 
•mKed on 16 Nov., and committed a close 
pnBoner to the Tower {ib. pp. 87. 134). I 
iVre he remuined until the Ki'Htomtion ' 
{GaL State Paperf, Dom, l(i.>VGO). Ac- , 
cording to bi$ f('llow-<.-(jD»pinilon(, the plot | 
ftilttd Mirough his delay ( Cat. Chrendon State , 
PajHTf, iii. 81). At his examination be re- 
fas«d 1odlM:loM?anythIng()'A.)ii.90\ Charles ' 
made him his cupbearer and captain of a 
company iVal. State Papert, Dom. 1060-1, 

Gi. :;44,' 453). and in October HWO gruuttsl ^ 
mapatent for 'eea wreck, mineraU, (fravel, 
aand, etc., usually taken up for ballast at 
low water-mark ' (/A. iKim. Iti60-1 pp. 244, 
3t36, 166;}-4 p. 401V). Dnrin^f l«(iA-7 he 
correaponded wirh .-Vphra Ileliii [(i. v.], then 
ftt Antwerp, but she often cumpluined of lua , 
flilenci and Jelay ( ib. Dom. 16w-7 ). Pepys, 
who often met him, describes him as 'a great 
creature of the Duke of Albemarle's' (XVary, 
34 June lt»0«(). On 27 Sept. UM17 he woii ' 
mwle captain of the foot company emplnyed i 
in Portsmouth pBrrison {Cat. State Papers, 
Dom. 16*17, p. 4S7j. The name occurs in 
tbt* atato papers oa llalae, lialdcy, Ilalsalti 
mnd lUlUall. 

[Dmper'f IXoom of Stanley, pp. 99, 111.] 

O. G. 

HASSE, CffRISTIAN FUEDERICK 
(1771-lSil), c(Mui>oaer and organist, JK)m at 
Sdrt*pta, Southern Ruasia, wojt educated at 
Karby, near lUlIe, and at Nie^'k'y in Silesia, 
under (tregor, a Moravian hiahop and com- 
poa«r nf hymns. After tilling the post of 
rlawical master at Barby, Niesky, and Hen- 
nersdorf. near Ilermhut, Ila^sC taught music 
And fon-igu Unguagea at Fulneck, the Mo- 
ravian settlement near I^eeds, and became 
organiet to the chapel, ilotis^ did much to 
improve musical tafte and knowledge in that 
part of York*hire, by inlrixlui-ing foreign 
ii>aal*erpiece« and organij*ing orchestral meet- 
ings. Ke died very fiuildenly on 1 May iH3l. 
B118&6 arroJigvil the music for ' Polybymuia. 




or Select Aip* by celebrated foreign Com- 
posers, adapted to wnnls by James Mont- 
gomery,* London, lH2i*. He also compiled 
'Sacred Muflic, partly original, partly se- 
lef^ted* (I^hkIh), which included hix chorus, 
' BU'jised are thev,' his recitjitive and air, 
* The Mountuins shall de])art,' and a Imiss solo 
and chorus by him, entitled 'Amen, praiae 
the LorJ.' The lost number has b*M.'n since 
rr-nrinted as No. 4 of Siyan & Pentland's 
'Part Music.' Has96 composed many hymns 
which have not been collected. 

[Leeds Int«Uigenc«r, 6 Hay 1831 ; Holland 
ana Ercrett's Memoirs of Jamu Motitganirt7, ii. 
302 ; Cudworth's Round ahouc Bra<lforcl. p. 606; 
prirate iaformatioo ] L. M. M. 

HASSELL, JOHN irf. 1825), water- 
colour painter,engniver, and drawing-master, 
first appears as an exhibitor at the lioyal 
Academy in 1789 with a ' View of Stone- 
henge on Salisbury Plain.' He drew many 
viewa nf local scenery, which he engraved 
himself in a(|ua(int, most of them coloured. 
They were published in various topographi- 
cal works. Ue had a lurKo practice as a 
draw ing-ma«T«r, and published some works 
on wnter-colour [>aintingaitd drawing. Has- 
sell was a friend of George Morlani] [a. v.], 
and wrote a life of him, published in 1800 ; 
be also engraved Morlana's drawing of 'Con- 
way Castle ' in aquatint. Ue died in 1825, 

He aleo published : 1. 'A Toiu- of the Isle 
of Wight/ 1790, 2 vols. 8to. 2. • A Pictu- 
reatjne Guide to Bath, Bristol Hul-WellSj 
the River Avon and the adjacent Country : 
illustrated with a set of ^'iews taken in the 
Summer of 1792 by Messrs. Ihbetson, La- 
porte, and J. Hassell, and engraved in aqua- 
tint,' 1793. 3, * Views of Noblemen'd and 
Gentlemen's Seats ... in the Counties ad- 
joining London/ 1804. 4. ' Beauties of An- 
tiquity/ 1806. 5. 'The Speculum or Art 
otlirawing in Water-colours/ lc09, which 
reached three editions. 6. ' Caleographia, 
or the Art of multiplying Drawing*,' iHll. 
7. •.\qua Pictura; illu.«*trate{l by a Series 
of tJriginal Specimens from the W'orks of 
McB^r:?. Payne, Munn, Praucia, and others,' 
1813. 8. 'Picturesque Rides ami Walks, with 
Excursions bv Water, thirty miles round tho 
British Metropolis,' 1818, 2"vols. 9. 'Tour of 
the Cirand Junction Canal/ 1819. 10. 'Rides 
and Walks roimd London/ 1820, 2 vols. 
11. *The Camera; or Art of l>rawing in 
Water-colours/ 1823. 12. * Excursions of 
Pleaiiturt! and S]>orts on the Thames/ 1823. 
13. 'Gniphic p4.>liniMition: a Pruclicul Treo- 
tiso on the Art of Etching/ 1830. All the 
works ar? illustrated with engravings in 
aquatint by Hussell himself. 



i 



Hassells 



ItO 



Hasted 



I LiAtELi,, Kpw^ed (U. 1Ho2», water-colour 
pnintiirr.Miii of tin? atmve.nos in Isll elected 
a member of the Srwiety of Brit ish Artists, at 
the rooma of which he Lad been a fR-quent 
exhibitor for some years. He sub^equeatlr 
filledtheofficeof secretary to theBOciety. I lis 
worka in water-colour ore much esteemed. 
There are five m IheNotioTial lialieri- of Ire- 
land ut Dublin, «nd one of Harrow, iJerwcnt- 
water, in (lie Sonth Kensington Museum. 
Hh iVhhI a\ Lancaster in IMoJ. lie occasiou- 
allv exhibiti-d at the Royal Academy and 
Briti^ lo^tiiution. 

(RedftraTe'B Diet, of Artists; Dotid's munu- 
script Ilikt. (if Kuglish Kugra\-ors (Ilrit. Mas. 
Addit. M.S. 33101); Brynn's Diet, of I'rtinti ra, 
ed. Graves ; UriC Mas, Cut. ; Cat. of Ikiok^ on 
Art] I* C. 

HASSELLS, WARNER (^. iasO-1710), 
portrflit-jMiinier, rei-ided in London, but was 
jiroliably a nat ive of Germany. He belonged 
to t.he school of Sir Godfrey Kneller, who 
pointed his portrait in 1701). Ila&sells is 
Known by a ft'w portraits, which have I)een 
eng^raved.inclndinp tho^ofC.Tj.Fel-*tl60t)) 
and J. Witt (ir07), a Frankfort merchant, 
both in mezzotint by J. Smith, and an anony- 
mous portrait in line by P. VauderbanU. lie 
■IflO painted minialitreannd in wnter-colonre>. 
He is wrongly described by Walpoleas AVil- 
Itfim IlaaseL "George Lambert [q. v.] isatated 
to have been hU pupil. 

[neJgrarea Vict, of Artists ; Walpole'g .Vnecd. 
of PftiBting. ed. Wornum ; Chidonor Smitli's 
British Mtziiotinto Fortrrtiti.] L^ C. 

HASTED, EDWARD (1732-18l2>,hii!- 
torian of Kent, born on 20 Dec. 17.3:?, w.-l-* 
only son of Kdward Halted, lord of the 
manor of Huntinpfield Court in the pftri!*h 
of Ea«ling. Kent, and a barrialer-at-Iaw of 
Lincoln's Inn, by .Vnne, daughter and oo- 
heire** of Jo*eph Tyler of London. He wnn 
educaleil at Kton and afterwards became a 
student ofLiucoln'a Inn. At one period Jte 
posaijsaed conaidGrablc landod property in 
KeBt, and for a short time was chairman of 
thenuartorsesaions at Canterbury. On 8 May 
17(w he was elected a fellow of the Uoyal 
Society; ho waa also a fellow of the .■So- 
ciety of Antiquftries. His elaborate history 
of the county of Kent ocr'upied him for uy- 
warde of forly vears. He abwtnicted with 
his own hand all the wills in the prer'*ga- 
tivc office at Cantorburi-, and made re8earcli''s 
in the public recordfl in Ltmdon, in the li- 
brariesat Lambeth and Canterbury catheilralf 
and in the fine collect ion at Surrenden, Kent. 
The mannscriptfl of many antiqaariw wore 
communicated to Kim : and he obtained in- 
formation from the nobility and gentry of the 



county, .Sir 8. Egvrton Brydge*, while cha- 
racterising him as a eood to[K)gTaphical anti- 
giiary, says* he wa.-* imprudent and eccentrii 
lie generally inhabiteti ohm of the prebendj 
houses at Canterbury, where he had 
to the prerogatire office and the cat! 
documents. A\Tien inTolved in pecuniar^ 
embarrassments he grew reckless, and thd 
lat ter part of lus history ^vas brought out in 
a slovenly manner. It was cfjmpleted in four 
foliovolumes, 177K-99, AltojretneritdispUivs, 
more research I han ta-ste either in style or i 
the armngf'ment of thi> mnterialft. It is ver 
defective in details of »oeial history and 
biographical or lilerarj- hisiorv. It prt^ftenta 
however, a faithful record of the pr 
of the county and of the genealogies of il5 
principal familioa. 

Hoflted's library was sold by auction in 
17{>o,and his pecuniary difficult ie(> eventual]) 
comi>elled liimtoquitKeut. llesub^equentli 
lived in olwcurity in the environs of London 
A few years before his death the Marl olj 
Radnor presented him to the mastership 
the hospital atCorsham.Wiltshin-, and aftc 
wards, by a decree in the court of chancerj-, hm 
recovered bis estates in Kent. He died in thd 
master's lodge at Corsham on 14 Jan. 181:2. 
.Sir Egerton Brvdgcs says ' he was a littli 
inean-iookiug man, with a long face and 
high nose ; quick in Kin movements and 
shar]i in his manner. He hiul no imagizi 
lion or sentiment, nor any estraordinarr ' 
quality of tlie mind, iinlesA memory,* Ho 
marrieilin 17''i'> Anne, thihl daughter of John 
Dorman of Sutton-at-IIone, and had iesvi^ 
five sons and two daughters. 

The title of hishtsiorv is *Tlie Hist^rv and 
Topographical Suney of IheCountv of Kent,'' 
4 vols., Canterbury, 1778, 1781', ^1790, and 
171:^', fol. In June 1868 the author's own 
i-'opy. with manuscript corrections and 3,621 
cnatu of arms illuminated by Dowse, wa^J 
.•lold for 94/, A large-paper copy in the Gren-J 
ville Library contain.stineen additional plates' 
which are veryficarce. A collection, made by 
J. W. Jones, of drawings and water-colour 
sketches, with prints and engravings to illuB- 
trate Hasted's work, and bound in twenty- 
three folio volumes, IS in the British ^luReuotH 
(,\ddit.MSS.3l'3.'i3-75y A second edit ion offl 
the* History of Kent,' ' imjiroved, corrected^ ™ 
and continued to the present time,'appeanH] 
in 12 vols, at Canterbury, 1797-1801, 8vo. 
The * History of Canterbury ' waa printed •©- 
paratcly in folio IVflO, and again in 2 vola. 
fcjvo, It^Ol. The first part of a new edition of 
Hasted's 'History of Kent,' corrected, en- 
larged, and continued to the present time, 
from the znanti»cript collection? of the lato 
liev. Thomas Streatfield and the late Rev^ 



Hastie 



III 



Hastings 



nbert lUackwell Lnrlung, tliu public re- 

rd», and oth^r nonrdi-*, was pnl)li6lu'd at 

[>ndon in It^Hd, loI.,iin(lfr \he editorshiti of 

nry H. Draka. It cumprisi'S the liunured 

' BUcklicatli. 

Hn^te^i Dl«<>drfw iip 'A ()t'nea]i>jriMl niid 

lUtorioil Tublt? of llie ranitlifH tif Ilirnm of 

lewark, ice, verified lUroujjUoiit bv Kecords 

nd other aiilhrnlic I>ocument«.' printed for 

private dialrihiition in ]7!t7. There is h copy 

in tlie British MiidiMim, where many of hut 

»Uection3 rtUtinjj to Kent are Uki'wisc pre- 

red ftinorp the Additional 5I.SS. T\vf> por- 

lits of him, otio a p*>nfil drawing and the 

" i**r an wi^nTiviiiff from a jirivnte plate, are 

erted i[i Additional MS. iVS/.ri'.i, f. 1. 

[Addit. M3S. 5.336, ^$537, /i87'2 f. 88. !6f;Gl. 

" an ff. 43. 44 : Brj-dcfftt'i AutnbiopTrtpliy, i. 50, 

; ; Criti-al Ue7iew. 1778. p. 401 ; Eyprion Id^. 

974, ff. St>7. 30H, 313 : 0«Dt. Mag. 1812, pt. i. 

da. fl72. pt, W. !04. 205. 1813, pi. i. 3118; 

rmgVs Dritisb Top^tTHphy. i. 131, 41(1; Ilns- 

i'B Kent, I i. TjA.!. ".'i.'t , Lownilcji'M Hill Mun. 

kthii), pp. 1010. 1054; Nirholfi'fi lllnntr. of 

, litidex); 5ichoU'»t Lit. Anowl. ni. 522. 677, 

ir*. 687 ; Thornton's Itoyal Sex-lot)-, Append. 

, Hi ; Upcott's English Topographv. i. 3i58.1 

T. i\ 

HASTrE,.rAMES(178t»-iai>e)civilBg.>nt 

the Itrit)i(h government in ■Mndn^ru.'yiar, 

I l)oni at Cork in 17811, hi,-* pari'titn bciiij,' 

embers of the Society of l-"riends. The ry- 

uioua reslnuni of the sect in which he wan 

ained pruved distasteful tobim,nad ho eti- 

•t*d in the oOlh foot, rniccedinp to India, 

served there during^ the Mabratta wiir. 

181'"> ilastie, now a aerpeant, was qiitir- 

; with his re;»iment at Port i>onie. Mau- 

tiuR. Rn<l attracte<l the notiw of (lovenior 

iWn^uhar by hit* conduct durin||: a Arc. He 

HA p>commeiidt'd fur a commission, and 

Qtime appointed preceptor to two Mala- 

■y princea, with whom he returned to 

car. There ho became a,tflislnntnpfnt 

to Mr. Pyc, the civil apent of the Britisli 

jTemment at Tamatave. llastit^ reached 

be? court nf King' Radama I, at the capital 

Im. riiia, (} .\uir. 181", and .Hiiccee<!pd in 

winning the friendstnp of the 

! :irch, with whom he waa enabled 

J negotiate an important tre-atv for the pre- 

cntion of the export idare tnide. For nine 

ears Ilafitie acted ait civil agent in Mada- 

( including two years per interim, at 

lauritius)« and he accompanied King Hu- 

amn thn)Ughout the campaigns in which 

irt i^ubjugation of the eajntern, northern, and 

rest-eni trib**-sof thepn'at island waflc-U'ected. 

"" journal?, now in the Public Recurd 

^Jffice, I,cmdou. afforded the only geographical 

■Informatiou uvuilablo reepecting the interior 



of Traerinn, Antoukay, imd Ibnina, during 
the fin»t portion of the nineteenth century, 
and his observations on the manners and 
clmructer of tho inland Malngnsy tribes are 
still moflt valuable. He died at Antanana- 
rivo on 18 Oct, 18i>(i, whem he -was buried 
in a vault expressly prt-pared for his bodvby 
the friendly king, who, mainly by llastie's 
exertions, had now become recognised aa the 
sole ruler of Madagascar. 

[Manuscript JoiirnalsofJamt'BlIastie, Colonial 
SijiU) Paper*. Uword Offiea ; EHib's Hirt. of M«- 
daga^icar; Oliver's MadngiuKar, vol. i. ; Henry 
d'K«amps*8 UistQiro et Geognipbie do Mada- 
gawar.] S. P, O. 

HASTINaS, Sir THAULKtS (1794- 
ISOti), founder of the BritiRb Medical Asso- 
ciation, sixth son of Jainv.'* Hestingj*, rector 
of Murtley, Worcefltershire, was bom at Lud- 
low on H Jan. 171U; studied under two 
surgeon* at Stoiirport, and at the age of 
eighteen, without a lecal qnnUfieatiou. and 
aft^r only a few months' study in I^ondou, 
was elected hoURe-surgeon to the Worcester 
county intlnnary. He made numerous ex- 
jierimPutB on the nervous system under tho 
direction of Dr. Wilson Philip, one of the 
phyMcinns to tho infirmary. In l.Sl.j be 
enten-d at KJinburgh X'niversity, and con- 
tinnud to work ut experimental physiology 
and microscopy, being the only student at' 
that lime who used the microscope in medi- 
cal rest»arch. He gmduat4.-d M.u. in 1818, 
and was at once appointed pbyitician to the 
Worcester infirmnry, and fur mnny years 
waa tho leading practitioner in W'orcestw- 
ehire. With the view of raising the tone 
of provincial medical practice, be founded in 
18:28 the 'Midland Medical and .Surgical 
Ueporter,' to which he conlribui4>d largely 
during it» four years' existence. In W>i2 it 
was abandnnpil in favour of a project for 
funning a provincial medical association for 
the advancHtnent nf raiMlical science and the 
medical prnf(?!wion. A meeting of medical 
men was held at tlie Worcester infirmary on 
11* July 18^:;, when the Provincial Medical 
and Surgical As-iooiation was forme<l, and 
Hastings delivered an inaugural addreas. For 
many years Hastings was the secretary and 
leading spirit of the association, skilfully 
gtiidlng it through stormy waters. In IWO 
the 'Provincial Medical and Surgical Jour- 
tinl ' was established, and In Ih4S it waa 
adopted as the organ of the as-sociation. In 
IHTifl the title * Rritish ' was subntituted for 
' Provincial,' owing to the growth of the as- 
sociation, and Hastings was appointed ptfi^ 
mancnt president of tlie council and trea- 
surer, lie was knighted iu IBW. He was 



Hastings 



112 



Hastings 



"det'ply inieroftied in sanjiory questions, and 
\rAs {ir^fiident of the public health section 
■of ihe Social Science A»ociiition ai the Yurk 
meeting. ilewmteonthfgeolog^vBmlnfttunil 
iiistory of W(»rct'Mershin?, especially of the 
MnlvLTH Hill'*, and larK^lv developed the 
Worcester Musetim. lie ilied ou 30 July 
1806. 

llostlngf married in \S2~i the eldest daugh- 
ter of GeoiTSffe Woodyatt, M.D., of Worcester, 
by whom he left an only son, I). AV. Hast* 
tinjfs, M.I', for Eaat Worcestershire ainc« 
1880, and two daujrhter^. U» Anjr. 1882 
A marble bu^t of Ha<iting^, by Brock, wan 
prt?Mmted to the fit y of Worcester, and placed 
in the public libniry. A Hoiitin^H medal and 
prize arti anniiully awarded iu honour of his 
memory by the BrltiBh Medical Association. 

Ilastlnf^ wTote: 1. 'A Treatise! on In- 
flammation of tho Mucous Membrane '>f the 
Lnn(f» ; to which is prefixi'd an Kxperimen- 
tol Inquiry respecting the t'oritractile Power 
of the BIixkI Vesj-el* and the Nature of In- 
iLimmation,* 1B20. *J. 'Ului^tmtinna of the 
Natural History of Worciwtorshire,' 18fi4, 
beaidea many memoirs iu medical jounmU 
find addrej>i»>» on various occaHiou9. 

fLnncut, 1851 il. 185-8 (with a pirtrait), 
1860 ii. 139; Itritiali MedlcalJoumn). 1866 ii. 
128. J882ii.3l!3.] O. T. B. 

HASTINGS, Snt EUWAUU (1381- 
1497), claiming to }>e Buron H&stiugSi'was 
second 9on of bir Hup;h Hnatings, Who waa 
ffranditon of Sir Hugh Haitinga (1307 ?- 
1347) [q. T.], and great -grsndrton of John, 
ftccond baron Hastings [q. v.], by his second 
■wife. His father aerved at Brest in 1378, 
nnd in the Scottish expedition of 13S-'i, In 
138fl he waa with .Tuhn of Gaunt in Spain. 
In all these wari he bore the anus 'or, a 
maunche gule*i' (BLou^nci.D, vi. 414) ; hin 
aonaaysthathediedat ' Vylellove inSpayiiH." 
He married Anne, daughter of Edwanl, lord 
Spencer; by her he hod two sons. Hugh, 
the elder, who died without issue at Calais 
in 1395, was, on the death of his cousin John, 
third carl of Hastings, in 1389, declari!cl 
lieir of the half blood, but Reginald, third 
lord Grey of Kuthin [q. v.], claimed priority 
aH heir of the whole blood in right of his 
grandmorher KlizalxMh, daughter of John, 
«eeond baron Hastings by his fir-itwifo. The 
dispute was nominally a^ to tbe right to 
bear the Ila^^tiug^arma, ' or, amauuch gules,' 
but it virtually included the right tn the 
family honours. It became one of the rntisM 
rflehrtn of the middle ages, and was still un- 
decided at the death of Hugh, and Kdward 
being then oidy fourteen yea« old, it was 
further delayed. 



In 1401 (trey petitioned tbe king to ap- 
point n curator for Sir Edward Hastings m 
order tluit hitt suit might Im dealt with ( Ro% 
Pari. iii. 480), but though there were son 
le;ial pniceedingii at ibi^ time [ Use, pp. rj<}-7 
&2) it was only on W May 1407 that a tioo 
mission was issued by John of I^ancaRtei; 
afterword* duke of Bedford, as consUble i 
Enj^land. The court of cbiralrr assemble 
at Westminster 4 Feb. 1408, and judgmea 
was given on 9 May 1410; llzistings wag con 
demned in costs, but at once appealed. At 
tbe coronation of Henry V Hs-stings claimed 
to carrj- the spurs Iwfore the king, whic' 
Orev had done undisputed in Kll'U. On :1'2 MaJ 
and'22 Nov. 1413, and again on 8 Feb. 14U 
commissions were isaoed to hear the appeaL 
but the trial was apparently prevented bj 
the Erencb war, in which Hastingr tookpor' 
in tbe r**tinu'' <if the Earl of Dorset. On' 
10 Feb. 1 117, before the trial came on, Grey 
obtained an order fortbeta\otionofthec«:istai 
of the first trial, and <hi -4 May they wer 
assessed at S*87/. 10*. lUrf. Ha*ting«, whc 
»won! that he had spent a (bou»and mark 
besidrt?, refustnl to pay lest it should be coo.-^ 
strued as an acknowledgment of Gre^s right 
Ue W118, therefore, imprisoned in "the Mar 
sbalsen, where ho peraainedtill January 1433, 
and perhaps later, being for much of that 
time, us he him.'Hdf says, ' lM)undyn in fetter 
of iron Hker a thief or traitore than like 
gentleman of birth.' He steadfastly n^fiLse^J 
to purchase bis release bv abandoning hio..^ 
claims, duipire ell his sutlcrtngA, which in- 
clud^d the death nf his wife and fvveral 
children ( Account of CoufrciYr/it/, &c,, p. ix),j. 
He, however, otfertKl to resign liis claims to "^ 
his eldest son John on condition that Grej 
would marry him to one of his own daugb-l 
ters. Hastings died in January 1437. lai 
addition to tbe title of Ha-^tingc. he assumed 
by a deed dated 4 Nov. 1400 that of Stuie>- 
ville, a» heir of his great-grand mother Mar- 
gery Foliot. He was twice married, tirat 
to Muriel {?), daughter of Sir John Dinham, 
by whom he had, with other issue, a eon 
John ; rtbe died before 1420 (i'&.') Hastings^A^ 
second wife was Margery, daughter of SirH 
Robei*t Clifton of Bokenham, who after hia 
death married Sir John Wyndbam, and 
dying in 14oti wns buried in the church of 
tlie Austin Friars at Norwich (WebvbR, 
Fttnfrall Monument it, p. H041. Sir John ^ 
Hastings never pmseeuted the family clainu^H 
and having married Anne, daughter of John. 9 
lonl Morlev, died in 1471, and was buried 
in Elsing Church (see inscription given in 
Blouepield. ix. <>m, and Goiuit. Srpuich. 
Mffnummtst'ii. pt . 3, p. 309 ). Ilis doscendanta 
la the male line became extinct in 1513, i 



tise bflroDv of Hasting* fell into abeiraace tilt 
l84l. wlien it was rerived in favour of Sir 
lacftb Astlev.grondfaibrrof tbepTVwnt Lord 
liai*iinjEr$. TU'' I'larlt* of Kent, as n*|>respnta- 
'A\vi of Lord Grey of Ruthin, clauned tbu 
itle of Hastings til) 1039. 

[Amboritias quoted; Acconnt of the Coiitro- 
rer^T Wtwecn Beginaki, Lonl Gny of Ruthiu, 
kud Sir Kiward Haatinga, ed. Sir I'. G. ^'oang, 
l^lbL IMt, priratelj printed (baeides tbe formiil 
' rvootd of proceedings and an iotroductioo, this 
vohuD* contains four |«thetic Ieu«n vrittcn b^ 
HMTJaga from prison) ; l^of^ate's BorooagB, i. 
£76-8: Blomefield's Ui«t. of Norfolk, v. 18S. vi. 
*I4,riii. 112, 201-3, ii.470»6I3-U, ftl9.i.52.] 

C. L. K. 

HAJSTINGS, EDWARD, Lokp IIastinos 

OY LoroHBOBoroH (tl. IfiTitV, third son of 

Oeor^ lla^tin^, thinl baron Uiistingit of 

r Hastings, and first carlof lluntinpdnn [q. v.], 

Ifcr Anne.dAaght<>r<)f Henry Stafford, duKe of 

suckingbiun, wa.<) knighted in 1546, and took 

; in tbe invasion of Scotland bv thft Pro- 

or Somerf*t in September 154^, In the 

f|>arliament$of 1547 and 1o5l' he sat as one of 

(the memburs for the county of Leicester. Ue 

L one of tb** king's gentlemen-pen«ioners, 

[,wben Mime disputes arose about tbe I'al&is 

sntier in 1.5.*iO, was sent to Calnift with hts 

brother FranL-is, eecond earl of Huntingdon 

fq. T.], who commanded a force there. He 

vofl a strong iloman catholic, aud while at 

BCahua had some disputes aboat religion with 

Underbill, the * hot gospeller/ a member of 

tbe SAxoe corpe, and for at^menta chiefly 

used * ffre&t oat lis,' swearing ' by tbe Lord s 

fool' tliBt the Koman doctrine was true. 

^I'nderhill considered that Hastings was the 

fcauco of his arreat in Mary's reign. In 

|]6rSl he Was »ihMrifr for Warwirkabire and 

lljeicestenihire. "When Edwnrrl VI wa? dying 

lin 1553, the Duke of NorthiimlierUnd gave 

'Hastings ordtTS to raise four tliou>niid fnot 

in Burkinghamahire to secure the 8uecei«jiinn 

of Lady Jane Grey. On the king's death he 

declared for Queen Mari-, wlio made him a 

Lprivy councillor, mnater of tbe horse, re- 

rceiver-general of the honour of Leicester and 

|©f the court of augmentations. During the 

[disturhanre at (iret-nwicb in September he 

I foiled fin atlf mpt made lo stwil the queen's 

|lior«ct), and on the ;tOlh led her bor^e from 

I the Tower througli the Rfreeta of London, as 

•he rode lo AVcstminster for her coronation. 

He wa* strongly opposetl to her marriage 

TTith Ilitlip, and threatened to leave her w-r- 

t-tice if she [Kfrsidited in the scheme, but aftcr- 

l^tranls withdrew his objections. In companv 

I'Vfith Sir Thomas Comwallis [q. v.] he waa 

f«i>nt on 2M Jan. 1554 to mi>vt Wyatt ot Dart- 

I ford, and hot words passed between them and 

VOL. IIT. 



the rebel leader. On 1 1 Feb. he and Lord 
"William Howard carried the queen's com- 
mands lo the Princess Eliiabel h at Ashxidge, 
and ah^T some delay, doe to Klieabeth's sick- 
ness, brought her up to Limdon. In No- 
vember he and Lotti Paget were sent to 
Brussels to escort Cardinal Pole To England, 
and wrote a letter to the queen de()<^nbing 
thuir interviews with tbe emjuTor and iha 
cardinal {Stattf i'apern, For. 1553-8, pp. 135, 
138). He sat in the parliaments of 1554 
and 155o as member for Middlesex. In the 
council he belonged to the section specially 
devoted to the qtieen,and among other marks 
of her favour received in 1 655 grants of the 
manors of Market Bosworth, L(<.icester»hiref 
andCreech St. Michael, SomereetHhire, and on 
25 May was installed knight of the Garter. 
The lJentf<lictine8 at Westminster wrote to 
him, requesting him to keep the queen in 
mind of her intention lo refound the abbey 
of Glastonbury. On the discover,- of Sir 
Henry Dudley's plot in 1556, be and others of 
• the queen's clique' (Froddi:) in the council 
investigated the conspiracy. In July lf>57 
he accompanied Lord Clinton [see CLiifTOK, 
EliwiHD EiEJTXKs de] OH hi9 expedition 
KgainM the French. At the end of the year 
he seems Co have resided his office of master 
of the horse for the higher post of lord cham- 
berlain. He was also warden of the stun- 
naries.Biidon 19Jan. 15>t* was created Baron 
Hosiings of Loughborough in the county of 
Leicester, and recL'ivr^d a grant of the manor 
of Loughborough. Mary made him one of 
her executors. As a member of the council 
he was concerned to some extent in the reli- 
gious persecutions of the reign. He wosono 
of the lords appointed on ^1 Nov. lo ewwrt 
' Queen ElizaU'th on her f'ntrance into London, 
j and was summoneiltocourton 20 Sept. 1659. 
. On 23 April 15(11 he was confined in Bay- 
nard Castle for hearing mass, was convicted 
I and sent to the Tower, where he wrote to 
I the council to sue for pardon ; he ' willingly 
' to<>k the oath'of supremacy, and wosreleased. 
[ After this he appears to hnve retired to his 
! estate at Stoke Poges in Buckingham shire, 
' where he had built a hospital and a chapel, 
I and there endeil hi8 days in devotion, dying 
' on 5 March 1573. He left no children ; bis 
wife Joan, whose family name is unknown, 
survived him. Nichols, quoting from AV'il- 
: liam Burton U'^7o~l((46) [q. v.j, eays that 
he wns a * gentleman of many worthy parts, i 
something given to melancholy,* &nd fond of 
, chcj^<(, and givrs a portrait of him from a 
' window in Stoke Poges Church. 
I [NicboU's Hist, and Antiq. of lioicestor, in. 
it. A77-9. containi ao aorounl of h'ls life ; Qaoon 
Jane and Queen Mary. pp. 27, 28, 63, 68 (Cam- 



Hastings 



112 



li 



*.3 



■d'.-i'ply interesittftl in jsanitftrv qiwstions, and ; 
wtis |m'si(l*-nt of tile public health section j 
■of tlnj Social Scit-nce Ai-sociation at the York j 
iin*t?tinj(. 1 1 (.' wrote on t lit! jiifeolojfy and natural . 
lii--tory of Worcf^tt^riibirt'. espt.-cially of the 
.Miilvt;rn Hills, ami larirt4v developed th.e , 
Worcester Museum. lie died on 30 Julv I 

iHfifJ. 

JlastinjTHmarrieiHn l>*i?."> the eldest daugh- I 
t'jr of ( iforjr*.' \ViK>ilyatt, M.l)., of Worcester, 
i^y whom he left an onlv son, < i. AV. Hast- ; 
tin;(s, M.l*. ft)r East 'Worcestershire since I 
IMHIJ, nnd two daiiffbters. On 9 Auff. 1H82 ' 
■a marble bu:it of Hastings, by Bmck, was 
presitntod to the city of Worcester, and placed 
in thf ]tubUc library. A HaHing^ medal and 
]iriz*' nnt annually awarded in honour of his { 
memory by the British Medical Association. 

Hastings wrote: 1. 'A Treatise on In- ■ 
1iummati«»n of the Mucous Membrane of the , 
Luiigi) ; to which is pn^fix^ an Kxuerimen- 
tal Inquiry respecting-tlie Contractile Power ! 
of llie IJlood Vesseli* and the Nature of In- i 
Jbimmiition; 18*20. 2. 'Illustrations of the i 
Natural History of "Worcestershipe,' 1834, i 
be.siiles many memoirs in medical journals 
anrl ad(lru:*wis on various occasions, | 

ITijnici't. 1851 ii. 18.^-8 (with a pf)rtrait\ , 
ISfiU ii. 139; ]{riti!<h ModicalJoumal. 1866 ii. : 
12R, 1882 ii. 323.] G. T. B. , 

HASTINGS, Sir EDWARD (1381- ! 
14:i7), claiming to be Baron Hastings, was ' 
:*econd son of Sir Hugh Hastings, wno was \ 
jfrainlson of Sir Hugh Hastings (1S07 S 
i.")l7) [<i. v.], and great-grandson of Joh'* 
sei'oud baron Hastings [q. v.], by hi.^ secoi 
wit'e. His father served at Brest m 1-ii 
nml in the Scottish expedition of h185. ' 
IIJHti he was with John of Gaunt In Sy-' 
In all these wars he bore the arms *"~ 
mauuche gules' (Blohefield, ^-i. 414) ; 
sousaviiithat he died at ' Vylellove inSp.**- "" 
He married Anne, daughter of Edwani. 
Spencer ; by her he had tvro sons, i » ~* ., 
the iilder, who died without issue at i ■ ^ 
in 139^, was,onthe deathof hiscoutiiiv- 
third earl of llastinf^s, in_13^, d" ^ 

? 

t 



i^.iljort Nf.lron, in 

i' i^uality.' .i^.jilied 

: I'l;.'!^.^* i;..vr ioim 

A,-i-lI.'-I ::.vi:: (i\V 

-.i |juhli.-h--I :ii:- ye:ir 

• >:-as;i crucial iii.«:iim'e 

i;?_'lii>h chufL^h I Answer 

.-.vol. vi.l I'p'-'" hi-ap- 

; V ih-j!irt'd hvr hall-sisti.-r 

■iroriciil account of that 

:, lile, and virtue*. . , .that 

■-.nue.smijUt becommuni- 



beir of the half blood, but B^r"* 
lortl (irey of liuthin [q. v.], cltini' 
»A heir of the whole olood tn n 
grandmother Elizabeth, danght 
second baron Hastings byhU fin 
tlispute was nominally aa to 
bear the Hasting arms, 'or, a: 
liut it virtually included tb 
family honours. It becameo 
reli-hreif of the middle afleB,r' 
dt'eided at the death of Hi 
bein^ then only fourteen ^ 
further delaved. 



1 

S 
vV 



In 1401 (u-.,. 
point a curutu: 
order that hi.-. : 
Pflr/. iii. 4.Sn: 
legal procci-'ll. 
02) it was o;. 
ml-asion w:i.: 
afterwards . 
Englanrl. 
at Westui" 
wasgiv'-!! 
demned i:. 
the cjni:.. ■■ L' 

to carry . ,.iv Elizabeth's landed estate 

Greyh: ■ :..-w Eranci:?. lord Hastin^.«, 

and 1*. ' '- ;,i. eounte;!? of Uuniinffd'm, 

comni: . ■ .-ltd large sum? of money for 

but tl '....' had always valued highly 

the r .'•.•x-z as a handmaid to reli^non/ 

in i! .- -i a large amount to ' the pr>- 

10 1' , j;irsiit' Queen's College, Oxlonl,' 

obiji _ ,i..ri iif'^Kwrscholars'from twelve 

of :' \-irk»hirc, Westmoreland, nnd 

nsp. ..i. Among her other charitabli* 

pw . wiv • 14/. for ever to provide bread 

b' ..e ..'r the monthly sacrament at th^* 

*' _ . in-h of Thorp Arch in the ainsty of 

H- I York,' money for several charity 

■■*= ... T ■ the bishop of the Isle of Man,' 

'■ ...txiiug a galleiT in Ledsham Clnircli 

■. o«f of the charity boys,' * for an altar- 

. cuvurlng for the communion-table, 

i.-«;iaik(h and cushion, all of crimMm 

a-J/ Aud Hir purchasing the great tithes in 

,.U, places wT the augmentation of pmr 

^s, !>he added 10/. prr annum tothi> 

T.awul of the hospital founded at I-«'tl- 

..^ "iv h»T grandfather, Sir John Lewis, 

. .tive aged ]K>or. 

i,*v Klizabeth died at Ledstone Hall 

• . .u. ' r."!ft>. at the ago of iifty-eight, and wa.« 
•:i..^u ;ii LetUbam. The figure u^ion Iier 

■ .,».»aw;ut is from a portrait, and justiti<.'s 
' V ,.».A;ouut of her early beauty. Statnr.^ of 
■■-4 .*M> Hurviving sisters, Lady Frances and 
' ,^\ Vune Hastings, on pedestals on eai-h 
^..•*.i iu-r. were afterwards added. 

ii'*ii'ru-iil (.'hanictcr relating to tho ho]y nnd 

.v»..:»^u> Lit*»> of tho Right Hon. tho L.-i'iy 

• ..<«.i;;a U-wtinps, &c., by Thomas Biinnir!, 
H*.v-* ■■■I iho Free Si-hool, Lewlf", 1742; Lii'o 
».,^ I'Uici* of Stflinii. Coiintet*s of Iluntiiiiziloii: 

'10 -.'i. ^V^;:i.lIll Law; Liiw's Works, vol. vi. ; 

• ;V : B'xU'p Wilstin, by Kcble, also Liv. r^ '.f 
v*;v»' N^'Inv'h I'v CruttwcU aad I>v Sti.n.U; 

HASteiNGS, Lvnv FLOKA EIJZ.V- 

■Ja-.IU ^IS^Hi ISoin. dauu'hter and elil'>r 

.'/.« .•1 b'inu'i< 11a wdtin Hast inpR.tir.-t nirir- 

-.. . .'i ILiMimrs '"q. v."", by Flora Mur.- 

■.'■^..-i-X ::. co'-mtos.-i of Loudoun, was horu oa 



Tastings 



Kostf"^ 



■ T.r!]- rA^-ft-lh?^vp^tv^i- 
. : ^ ■ !i. tir-i earl •:: L. ;- 
"^uit L4-V. I.:ilyF:;ri"-v-T:T 

■■■■iiii i-.-,- ni Av-'tilM L'.i ;_r 

.MiHi ituly of iln» l>t--itLi:::il.- r " :i-.- 

■ f Kent, morh'^r 'if (JU'.--ti \';:: r.... 

i 'bi; j.'.'.**^ until her Uv&'h. rt-:l:r_: 

••'1 ii'-s? at Bu<rkinirh:i::: Pili. -. .':. 

' *■' ■' 'if cYuisuItod sir Jizn-.- '. '— ri: 

■J .ill .ii'D-^wsiti'tt. >l.:irVi:--.r^_ri- 

■.■■-;■' ilial lyidy Flr.'."« 11".::--t- — i- 

.•.i''i ■ TO tin all^'ircJ j'rir-.:- :z,rr.-.--. 

■ > ' •''!'• hiiiie- of thf l'?;:eLin:.-r -. n.- 

■ 1 rlir-ir .su«i/ii:i'".na !> i:.- : .■=^-. 

Ml'.'- til cr-.Iir tilt- r'.>-r:. &:. i iT-iirL 
■ '•■in-fultiitii.iii v.I:L r-ir Ji— -.* ■-'._7J;. 

■ 't-'Il.i Pt'pa 111 ih- li:::--r^T. I' — 1.^ IT 

■ iLTi-'i;!!. llOTTtVrr. t!l..* ."*> Jlin-T rl .'.1 

In th<i n'P'trT to Lidj Kir^. Ti:: 

'■■iTi;.. \V£iS at unce ir 1:^11'^.:.:"- lv-!-L :" 

■ t« -uiUfaction of tl:- r'i.?i-is z Kzz-. 

Ai't'Ltiirion, liowt-vvr. v,-:,i ajii- =.tZ-r r: 



Ilia llf^ -i-H-r u.* 



. t: !■= -i-is 



J.:.*- ii- TL? ::ll : 












ii-'il tLiir a rnvdicul •x^ir.i:::!'::".- ::' Ll.t ri-iL:- " rr.r..-. ~!:.t> tlr *:T™*"r ::r :'z^ 



I :■:•.! sliuuld )>.■ m::!-:*. Tl!* -y^~'~ • 

: 'k [ilnrv oa 17 Jr'tb.. &::i r-*_l'r-iiz. i "r-i.:- 
t ■:! i-crijiicate. ?! jnel by S;r.ri=:r5 •/.ir^s.- i 
■S..' ' "h.irle- Clarke. -n-h". Lsi "r^r. :L- li-Iy 
(.-'.*. -.:c-iin sine*? T-a-ly t1 i-ra's llr.l.vSjl.x'lj 
f ■.^■■inlictlii'^ the *Iand^r. 

Tlip ivlatives of La-iy n:ri i-~ir. --r;. 
w'r!iouT success, some public r^iarit; : r.. ilr:T 
•U'-f'a-i? was so amravair-i byrLr =,^7.: il f .:'- 
t'lTinj iliat she died at Backi-z--i.— V~'.%n 
f)n 5 July 1^39. Sh-r was 'f-rlrri ::: '.l~ 
I'ftiuily vault at Loa'Joun Cis'Ir. A f-'^T- 
m-'rt-.TQ examination c-"-nfirni^i *.he s.-rziorii 
reimrt. Charles 'JreT-IJe wrre in - Mirc'i: 
1 S- !9 (.Vifmwr*, 2nd ser. i. 1 Tl' » : ' I", is ':r.<>' '.- 
Cfivable how Melboam'if can Lav- prrcii::-ri 
tlii« disgraceful and miichi^T.-:^ ^an'ial. 
which cannot fail to lower th^e cLaracter c: 
th« Court in the eyes of the worli.* 

A ^ceful Tolum^f of T^jra-^tranilati-.-r.* 
and original poems by Lady Flora was pub- 
liirhed in 1^1 by her sister S'jphia, afterwards 
Marchioness of Bute. 

[Aonoal Register. 1839; Examiner, 21 Mnroh 
1839 : SIomiDg Pojit ; Casila and Mansior^s ci 
Ayrshire, 1885.] A. H. M. 

HASTINGS, FRAXCI.S. second Eir.i. 
OF HrxTiSGDOS (l.'>14;--lo01t. was eldest 
»on of (ieorge ilastin^, first earl "q, v.". bv 
his wife Anne, daughter of Henry Stafl'oni, 
duke of Buckingham, and widow of Sir 
Walter Herbert. On 3 >*ov. VrJ9 he was 
summoned to parliament as a baron of the 
realm under the title of l^ord Ila^tings, his 
father faaring been created Earl of Hunting- 



."-. N 



. 41"' 






: N 7:l..-r,**rr".iz.I ■. ',:a:::-.-.1 i.:".l p;wtr iu 
"..v./, jI i:.:::./ I nwi^niiiri privA-vVimcil- 

:..::. :_r. -?^:r: ;- tz'y r»?:di:>,r«. Jl«?t>\-E 
'..r: ::: -:.- r-.v*-,r'".:.r. :'.-:ordrrd :.■> :':i-.' >"j?;r: 

r«.T i-'".i.:.n.:w;L^ jrcsrn: a: S.t.:- r*^^:"*:r:Al 
:n r> .;-- '-vr. llr ac^oniiiari-l K.iw;iri VI 
.:= :.^ I - .-r5> in May i^o:?. in 1 in :!:.- ^•!- 
1 '.vir.j.T .;:;■.■, whiif he w:i> ftttt-::.!:::^ Ni^rth- 
■,;::: l-rlar. : cu hi? way i > :):•;■ n ^riij. Nortli- 
i:nA»-r;i:: 1 rtvonimendtvl :;:»• kir.ir ti> Iv^tow 
■ ■a HiinTin^J-ntht'vas: i->:a:t'> i:i I.i'iivstt-r- 
>':.'•■■ i'.7:Vi:vd by JoIiti IVri union: jl- v.~, 
inajt'.r of 'i';*.- r-'lW. lluntinird-in aonuinsl 
iV.e pT.->i>vr.y. but rdvasisl t.> iV^iumont',* 
wi.low ti:-.* mannr oi lir;Kv l>ieu in l.V>;t. 
A> ii t-> sTft'Uirlhen the allianco Iviwot-n 
XorthuiubL-rlaiulaiul hini«ol!'. lu' marrirtl hi^ 
hrir. lK:^ry. to NorihumWrlaiidV daiii;htt'r 
K;iThinnt»."i'I 3Iay I-W!, on t\w wmif dj»y 
a* Ladv Jane tiri'v married Lord ttuildford 
Dudl.-y. 

IVfiiro Edward Vl's dcnlli Huntinpbm 

piirne.l tbt' fiipiirt'mcnt of tlie eouueil to 

mnini;Mn Lady Anno tirey's isiu-ci'ssitm to 

.the I'Tinvii. On the kin}; s di'ath ln» joined 

' 1-2 



Hastings 



"4 



■ jsmsj^ 



deu.Soc.)! Cal.of State Pupert.Dom. 1A47-SO, 
paaaim, ed, IjeraoD ; CaL of .State Pflptra, For. 
166a-S. pp. 13o, 138 ; Ciil. of Hist. M3S, Hut- 
field, i. 140, Lii. 2T5: Lodgo's JUustnititijiJii, i. 
ilSBi Keturu of M.P.'8, i. 371 aq. ; Foxe'e) Acts 
iirnl MoiiiinientB, TJ, 44o, 481, cd. Toirtisend ; 
Burnur.i Uist. of Efformution, ii. 384, 432, ©tl. 
rricfK'h; Strypu'siMeinariiilj, TT1. i. 93, 128, ii.S3; 
Annul", I. 1. iuO, ii. 391, avo edit.; Eank^'b 
I>iitiiiJiuT \md l-IxLinet Peerage, iiL 341 ; CollioB'fl 
P«i"r-iftD, v'i, 061, ed. Hiydf?»; Nlcolai's Ifisft- 
Pct-Mfju, f. 241, #'1. CiHtrthope; Frrmde'a HiBt> 
Of Kni^liiitd, V. 1D3. 312, 334.360, 438. t, 13, 
emwti 8tu edit] W. II. 

HASTINGS, Ladt ELIZABETH (1082- 

l73it>,pIinQi:itliropiat:,daug^ht«rorrhoophiliifl, 
ftuvontli 4:Qrlof lInntingdoii,bj litfl tiraC wife, 
daughter of Sir John Lewis of Ledstono Ihdl 
in Yorkshire, was bom in 1(IS2. 
motlnjr flLe siiecepded to a very 
property. Her haU-sisteTs, tbe Ladies 
VrauccH^ Catherine, and Margaret 
generally lived with her. Herb^kuty,^ 
fulncsflriLnd coufteay in her youth are 
memoratud in the * Tatler,' where Hba 
the inappropriate name of Aspasifl. " 
euin^ij^:^ Itnr in No< 42, and is t 
Slctlo in Xo. 49, where the fiitmous 
Ofcuru, 'To loTB her is a libeml 
I'our yimrs before, on the death, of her 
own bTotherUoorgc^ th« dg^hth earl of H 
ingdoTi, oil 22 Feb. 1704-5, Bhehadftuccp 
tn tho family seat of Ledstone Parii 
Pont«fract, Yorkshire, and thers 
nently resided. She never mani 
vott'd' her whole life and fortune t« .. 
piety and charity. Her advisera wi 
equally conspicuous for piety and 
euch as Archbishop Sharp, Kob<*r 
Bishop Wilson of ^odor andMan 
and William I^aw. Th^ wei 
of stronff church Tiews, and 

Srovo that her own sym^tbi'' 
inaction. She was a muniflce 
the limdsraisedfor Berkeley' 
joct, and towards the expenii 
son*d lawsuit in the Isle of '. 



with InT 1 J 
his'A.M- 
to her f 1' ' 
virtuott-V , 



4 _«T - .-'rticn. Metell'xs Fpeakit 
!nAii» uitcalium spWudore et 
.. » ubus perquam insi^is.* 
--.lidutcions were not pub- 
- ...^wrsntly lo*t. William 
i-j translated U«i:>rio> * De 
■'• .made no mention of them. 
J inLiui£iion Peerage Ca«'(1820), 
_:.«^>sBiironace.i.o8S; Xichols's 
._ . liUwanl VI (Roxburghc Club); 
llcstt-l! v,,™^^. rroude'sHitt.T. andvi. ; Ni- 
atncuV: --«.u>liLn; Chron. of Queen Jane 
caff.'J :■. .^ "!..'_r*r vt'anid.Soe.) ; Miiohyn's Diary 
Tlti„--. j- ill Wriothealeys l>iary, ii. 91; 
winnt hfa - I- Prit.] S. L. L. 

tXv^ .' i^riS^ i>iB FRANCIS {d. 16101, 
bnL ^ xjfi author, was fifth son of Fran- 



Willinn.^ 
after li>- 
of i^niiilli. " ' 
tn Pr. r .. 
inc tvl' !:■ . 
'tn dr,.- 



-^ 11^ -*. ,?Brl of Huntingdon [q. v.]. by 
meireifs ot 



ai 










contributor towards MaiT 
a ' protcstant nunnery.' H 
Mar^ret Ilustinga marrier 
[q.v.], one of the early me 
count<)8s of Htmtingaoi 
brother Theophilus, wa 
Htmtingdou's Connex: 
by the accounts of "V 
but did not live to se'' 
development. As ■ 
woman ^he lived or 
vicar of Lcdsham^a) 
espf^ciaWy who vali 
Ralph Thoreaby t 



?«fr^ 






Ide6t daughter and col 

.• 'att lord Montacute. He was under 

Jl' A.pril 1500, when his father made 

1 Hy that document, wherein he is 

'itor iburth son, he became entitled 

..•a attaining his majority, t o cer- 

of the clear yearly value of 41/. 

yean. He waa probably a member 

iuk tinity of Cambridge, as in loW he 

a rear on Emmanuel College there 

Atkeiue Cantabr. iii. 27). If is also 

oAi kt^ was educated in Magdalen Col- 

.»xiofii, under Dr. Laurence Humphrey, 

^H|(itkningof the reign of Elizabeth. 

'W WW returned for Leicestershire to tlie 
anii"""^ which met 2 April 1671. In thH 
tij;ir«uif( year he was sheriff of that countv, 
-rLvi -w served the office a second time m 
"V'i. IV* the parliament which ossemblcd 
.;- Nov. I.Vn» he was again returned forLoi- 
.-a*et*iur*. He was elected for Somerset to 
'j» (•*riidment of 4 Feb. 1588-0, and w.aw 
s^LUoiterwards knighted. In the parliament 
•xiMciiuiec IV* Nov, 1592 he sat for Somerset. 
' »ii J4 tHrt. 1597 ho was again returned for 
* .t'».'v*tershire.on 7 Oct. 1601 for Bridgewater, 
u^I .>u 19 March 1603-4 for Somerset. 

!la»(ings was a distinguished chamjjion of 
•.'-^ puritan party. He promoted a petition to 
■iu- Aiu^; trv>m Northamptonshire in favour 
.»■ 'h«.* ministers who refused subscription. 
Th»* vvtition was presented to the king on 
V» F*b. UKU -o, and gove him great offenc»\ 
*.iaii.iut{» wns cited before the privy council. 
%]m dtvlareil the petition to he factious ond 
<^Jiti\»Urt. and ordered him to retire to hir< 
cuuutry house, and to refrain from meddling 
in (lubiio altairs. He was at the same time 
■■^fM.n;.vI li\uu the ntficesof deputy lieutenant 
»uJ iiuiiiv of the peace. He became some- 
iklux euibarmssed in circumstances, and wrut e 
tMitt Uolwell, i»:l Nov. 1609, to Salisburv-, 
h)cdiivtuurer, thanking him for respiting his 



istings 



117 



Hastings 



in the exchequer and 
, icid lit^gkog tliat he mighi 



^bucied tt Xorth Cadburr, Somer' 
t SS Sept. leiO. TfacTe u a mopu- 
I diuzui with the figure* ot faiio- 
I wife, and an epitapb far the latt'^r 1 
koT hi* eompositioDr which had W-^p 
i is KlcboLft'A "Leiceat^tflhire,' iiu •^^- ^ 
aad BeLl'i ' Uuntin^on Pe«Tajz^/ pp. 
Kc TheTQiflTtoinscriptitinincoiniiifiiiiOn' 1 

.iof hitD. Ilu-irife wa« Maedalen.ddugh- \ 

r of Sir Ralph Langford, and widow of ^^i^ 
jiVemoa. She died on 14 June l''i96, 
i worlra are ; 1. ' A Watch-word to all 
Relijrioiu and True-hearted Engli.'thmen/ 
I^ndon, 1598, 8to. Xidiolaa Dolemau (i.e. 
Pather Kobert Parsons, the Jesuit ) replied in 
his * Temperate Wardword,' printed in li>99, 
wherein ne terms Hasting ' the meanest 
tieagle of the house of Huntingdon.' ± * An 
Apologie or Defence of the Watch-word, 
Against the Tirvlent and seditiovs Ward- 
word published by an Engli-sh-Smniard, lurk- 
ing mder the title of X. D. DeviJed into 
«ight eeverall Resistances according to his 
fio manr Encounterst/ London, 1000, 4to. 
3. ' The"Wardwonl,' London, ItiOl, 8vo. An- 
swered by Farsons's ' AVamword.' 4. ' Medi- 
tation-s' said to liave been printed ^♦i'veral 
times in 16mo. 5. ' Remonstrance to hiA 
Majesty and Privy Council on the behalf of 
persecuted Protestants ; setting forth his Ma- 
jestys Interest lying safely in protecting 
them, and incouraging the preaching of the 
Gospel, and in being more watchful against 
the Papists,* manuscript. 6. 'A Discourse 
of Preaestination,' manuscript. 7. 'Collec- 
tions relative to Public Aflairs in his own 
time/ manuscript (see CooPEB, Athena Vati- 
tabr. ii. 201). 

[Addit. 313. 5752, f. 107; Ames's Typogr. 
Antiq. (Herbert); ItvU*;) Haotin^on PeeniL'e, 
pp. 56-61 ; BloXAm*s Magd. Coll. Kegi»ter, il. 
cvi, IT. 203 ; Brook's Life of Cartwright. p. V,\ ; 
Cole's M3. Ivi. 343 ; CoUinson's Somersetshire, 
ill. 67-9 ; KIIIs'k Letters, 2ml ser. iii. 216 ; Ful- 
lers Worthies (Leicestershire) ; Gardiner's Piir- 
liHmentary Dt'lMtt-s, p. 55 ; Uazliti's Jiibl. Cul- 
Wtions and Notes, i. 203 ; Lowndes'n Itibl.Man. 
{Bohn), p. 101 1 ; Xichols's Leioestcrsliire, i. 461, 
iii. 582, 588. 608, 775, iv. 624; Parliamentary 
History, 1762-3. iv. 416. 480, 495. 502, v. 100, 
142, 148; Cut. State Pnpors, Dom. James I; 
Strjpe'ii Anoals, ii. 382 ; Sti^'pe's Parker, p. 448 ; 
fitrvpe's Whitgift, p. 279; Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; 
Willis's Not. Pari. iii. (2) 82, 102, 123. 132, 140, 
151, 162; Winwood's Memorials, ii. 48. 49; 
Wood's Athens Oxon. (Bliss), ii. 82.] T. C. 

HASTINGS, FRANCIS RAWDOX-, 
first Marquis ofIUstixgs and second Earl 
OF MoiBA (1754-1820), eldest son of John, 



baron Rawdon. afterward* first eurl of Moim, 
by hL5 second wife. Lady Elizabeth Ha<^tmj^, 
fjde^i daughter of Theophilus, timthearl of 
Hiintingdon,wa?bomi>a9Dec.l7>>4. llewas 
^lucated ar Harrow, and gazetted ui ensign 
in the I5rh foot on7 Aug. 177L He matricu- 
lated at University College. Oxford, on 53 Oct. 
[""l.butdidnottskeanydi'gTCe, and on being 
appointed,nn:?0 Oct, )773,toalieutenancy in 
the 5th fool, embarked for America. In 177li 
he di.-tiiiciii*hed himself by bis jjalUntry at 
Bunker HiU,where be h4d two bullets through 
his cxp, BJtd on 1^ Julv in that vear was ap- 
pointed to a company of the 63rd f-wT. }fe 
subsequently ?^pv*hj at \\\^ bactlt^* nf Brook- 
lyn and White Plains, and in the attacks 
on Forts Washin|?ton and Clinton, and on 
15 June 177S received the rank of lieutenant- 
colonel, and in the same year was nominated 
adjutant-freneral to the force.") in America. 
At Philadelphia lie rai^d a corps called the 
Volunteers of Ireland, which greatly distin- 
guished itself in the field. He took part in 
the retreat from Philadelphia to Xew York, 
in the action at Monmouth, and at the sio^ 
of Charlestown. He was next employed in 
South Carolina in keeping the Americans in 
check until the arriv^ of Lord Cornwallis, 
and on 10 Aug. 17iS) commanded the left 
division of the iiriti.'>h forces at the battle of 
Camden. On '2'y April 1781, with only eight 
or nine hundred men, he attacked and de- 
feated a larger body of Americans under the 
command of General Greene at Hobkirk'a 
Hill. After harassing Greene for some time 
he was compelled to withdraw his troops to 
Charlestown. His healthhavingbrokendown 
owing to the incessant fatigue of the cam- 
paign, he was obliged to leave America in 
the summer of 178L The vessel in which 
he sailed for England was captured by a 
French cruiser and taken to Brest, but upon 
an exchange of prisoners soon aftenivartls he 
was released, and immediately retumfd to 
England. ICawdon was a stem martinet, 
and was guilty of several acts of impolitic 
severity during the American war. He even 
went so far as to set a price on the head of 
every relwl. He showed, however, remark- 
able military ability, and Cornwallis de- 
.«cribed his victory at Hobkirk's Hill ' as by 
farthemostsplendidof this war \('jrrtH-aWi« 
1 Corrtrfpondence, i. 97). 

I During the recess of 17S0-1 Rawdon was 
I returned to the Irish House of Commons as 
mt-mber for l^ndalstown, co. Antrim. On 
4 Feb. 1 78:2 the Duke of Uichmond in the Eng- 
lish Hou.4e of Lords moved for informat ion re- 
latingto the execut ion of Colonellsaac Hayns 
at Charlestown. Though the motion was nega- 
tived, Uawdon considered that a scandalous 



^ 



imputntinn had Ixien thrown nuliishiimauity, ' 

ancl deninnded a iiubUe upolopy from the 

dukf, whicli after some wratigluijr was duly | 

iven(/'aW.J/iW.xxii.9«l(V70/i.) Oui}ONov. 

7b'2 Kiiwdnn ret-eived tlio rank of colonel, , 
and was at t\m gome time iippointed /ildtj-d*'- 

,mp to the kiiip. On 5 March 17K1 he was 

eated an l'jiglif*li p<'«*r by the style of Banm 
Hawdon of Itawdoii in the county of York 
{Joumnlx of the Jlotwi- of Lordu, xxjcvl. ti24), 
and in Deecmbi-r of the same \x'ar epoke in 
j>Ci|)pOBition to Fox's India BjlJ ( Pari. Jli'fi. 
-XXIV. 176-7). For the next few yearJi lie does 
not ojiiicnr to have tnkcn much port in the. de- 
bates, mi( after 178". when lieipmrrelled wil h 
Pitt and joined the o]ip(>tiition, be BpoUe more 
frequently. In Muy 1780 hy acted ae the 
DuKe of York's second iu his duel with Licu- 
tenaiit-colonol I^-nnox (afterwards fourth 
l>ulienf Uichmnnd) on Wimbledon Common 
{Omf. Matf. vol. lix. pr. i. pp. 403-4. 66o), 
and on ill) r>er. in the same year moved the 
amendment on the rpgvncv quest ion iu favour 
of the Prineeof Wales, whose intimate friend 
lie had beeome {Part. Hist, xxvii. ^tfl8-ll). 
On the death of lier bp^ther Francis, tenth 
earl of Uuntinp-don, in October 17H9, Lady 
Slotra succee<led to the hnrdny of IlastinffS, 
white the earldom of Hinitin^^on remained 
dormant until IHIO, when it wa» confirmed 
to IIiujs Francis IIu«tinir9 [u.v.l.n descendant 
of the second earl. On Idreb. 171X1 Itnwdon, 
in pursuance of his UDcleV will, took the sur- 
name of IlaRtiup':! iu addition to Mxa own 
eumamo of lUwdon, and on '2Q June 1793 
succeeded liia father as the Bccond Karl of 
Moira in the peerapi of Ireland. lie was 
promrited to tlie rank of innjur-Lfenoral on 
12 Oct. 17!)a. and wiw appointed, on Corn- 
■wallis's reonmmHndutlon.to the command of 
an expedilionarv force, which in Decem- 
ber WI19 sent to aid the insum-ction of the 
royalist* in IlrirtanVt but returned with- 
out etTectintrimrthinp. In June 171'4 he was 
decpalcUed with seven thousand men to (he 
assistance of the Duke of York. lie lauded 
at Ustend on the very day on wldeh the 
Prince of t-'obur^ was defeated at Fleunis, 
und,aftera briiliant and rnpid march t limu;jli 
a country In |Kwse8sion of an enomy iiinllv 
sujK'rior in numbeni, etfHeli'd a junction with 
the Duke of York's army at Malinefi. 

In 17S)7 njiiihorlive scheme was set on foot 
by ceridin niembersi of parliament for the for- 
zant ion of a new ministry, at the bead of which 
Moiru was to be ])lQce<J, and from which nil 
'persiiiig who on eitluT sidu had made them- 
selves obnoxious to the piiblick' should be ex- 
cluded (Ofiit. Mittf, 171*8, vol. lxviii.pt. i.p. 
22t)). In March and a^min in November of | 
this venr Moira brought the state of Ireland 



before the Enjflinb House of Lonls, and de- 
clared Ills conviction that 'these discontents 
have arisen from too mistaken an application 
of severities,' and that he had ' seen in. Ire- 
laud the most absurd, as well os the most 
dift^IMftting, tyrunnv that any nation ever 
ffroaned under' {Pari. I£i«t.' xxxni. 10o9). 
On 1 Jan. 1708 he was appointed a lieuti^- 
nimt-gvneral, and on 19 Feb. made another 
violent attaek upon the Iriwh poremment 
iu the Irish Housii uf Lords. In March ho 
otfered in I ho English Houac of Lords lo 

firove by aflidavits the statemoDts wbicb he 
;nd previously made in both houses with 
regard to the Btatc of Ireland, but the cbal- 
leng^H was not accepted {ib, xxxin. 1353-4). 
During- the debate on the reetdulions rela- 
tive to a union with Ireland in March 1799 
Moira opposed the meftftun' in a speech of 
considerable power (I'A. xxxiv. tK)6-706). 
But though h« voted by proxy against th& 
union in tho Irish House of Lord.*, ho after- 
wards withdrew his opposition to it in the 
English house (('fr. xxxv. 170-1). In 1801 
Moira onjiosed tho Irish Martial Law and 
HabiMS Corjuis Suspension Indemnity Bills 
(ift. 12H7-8, IfJIiH). lie was appointed com- 
mandeMu-chief of the fnn-es ui Srotlnnd, 
where he became exceedingly jtopnlar, and 
on 25 titpt. 1803 was promoted to the nuik 
of general. In December 1803 he was ]iro- 
posed for tho oflice of lord-rector of the uni- 
versity of Glasgow, and was defeated by tbo 
Lord-ohief-baron Dundoa by only one vote- 
On 33 May 1804 he received the colonelcv 
of tho 27th foot. When the ministry of ' Ail 
the Talents ' was formed in 180B, M'oiru waa 
admitted to (he privy council (o Feb.), and 
ujtpuinted master of the ordnance (8 Feb.) 
nn<l constiibleof the Tower (12 Feb.) He 
took an active part on behalf of the Prince of 
Wales in the investigation into the conduct 
of tho princess. 

On tliG occe.«siou of ih^ Duke of Portland 
to power in March 1S07, Moira retired from 
the ordnance ofllce, iind was succeeded by 
John, second earl of Chatham. On thedeatb 
of lus mother nu 1"-* April lf08 Moira suc- 
ceedeil to the English baronies of Botreaux, 
Himgerford, Do NToleyns, imd Hastings. In 
tho se-fsion of 1810-11 hi' tonka prominent 
share inthedebalcs on the quest jonsarising out 
of the king's iIluc«,e^upportingthe interest* of 
the Prince of Wales ro the utmost of his power. 
In Jnnunry iSli* he both spoke and voted id 
favour of Tx>rd FitKwilliom's motion for tho 
cnneiderntion of the state of afl'airs in Ire- 
land {Pari. Ihbate^, xxi. 458-01), and in 
March, tind igain in .Vpril, of the same year 
expre^edUimseirstronglyiu favour of Uonian 
catholic emancipation (i&. xxii. 87-9, G63- 



I 
I 

I 



I 
I 




Hastings 



Hastings 



66 1 >. ASter IVTceval's cUratb Lord Wellealey 
■was inatnictt'd br th** prince rogent to Ibrni 
n ministry, in ivhich Moira and others were 
to hare eeatit in the (^binet. On Lord 
Wvllfcsley'e {kilurtt in June 181:* Moira was 
. Huthorieeti lo consult with l/>rdA Groy am! 
Gn^uvillti on the formation of a ministry, but 
a* they in^istw^ thut the appoinlmeut of tho 
otficeri of tht* hoii.'tehold should be under t heir 
control the nefi:otiations were broken ofi'(ii&. 
; xxiii. S-2J-C, 3a^-50, 35G-t*l, C93-y, App. i, 
and xliv). I-ord JJverpooI was made prime 
miniiter. Un IiJJunu lbI2 I^Ioira wo» in- 
vttled with ilie order of the Garter, and on 
18 Nov. 181Jwiisnpi»ointe<i L'overnor-generiil 
of Bengal and coiuuiunder-in -chief of tlie 
. forc^ in India. In March iHUi he defended 
himself in the House of Lords against the 
■ charce of baWng itecn-tly a1ti*mp(e<l (o pro- 
cure evidtince against the Princess of Wales 
(^lA. ixv. 2-Jl -I ). 

Moira emboried at Portpmouth on 14 April 

1^1;], and hiiided at Calcutta on 4 Oct. On 

his arrival he found several qiiBNtious of the 

iinit imiK»rtance awaiting itettlenient. One 

of iheM* watt ntir relatione with the Otirkha 

Riute of Nepaiil. The UorkhuH had gradually 

\ifeu cneroachinp upon the couuir\' Iving to 

the «outh of their frontier, and had actually 

»eixed two districts in tho province of Oude. 

1 1 is pn'dceei-tor, l^rd Minto [acc Elliot, Slit 

ItilbEBT, 17oI-181 Ij, had failed to settle the 

question by netfoiialion, and hostilities be- 

L-nniing tmavnidiible, Muini, in a manifesto 

daffd 1 Nov. 1814, declnnM war against Ne- 

I |iaul. Ho directed simultaneous attacks to be 

[made upon foiirgi\en poinlis in thuenemy'g 

I territory. Tlie first cimipaign <»f Ihreo out of 

1 ebe four dirbion? of the llriliMh army tcrmi- 

I xioted disuatrously. The second, however, wa.s 

1 tnuch more successful, and Ochterlony having 

[•uwt^df^^incanyingtheGorkhapositionsone 

I itJ\rt the other, forci-d Ameer Singh to snr- 

mtdcr at Malaun iu May 181o. The Gorkha 

council now sued for peuce,aud agreed to cede 

cill the tHrritory demanded by the govenior- 

, ireneral, and to rweivo a permanent British 

l>'<iidt!nt. Though the treaty was signed hy 

' the Gorkha ogeuta at Segnwlee on 2 Dec. 

1K15, the Gorltha council rt^fuMnl to ratify 

it. The campaign was tlierafnre oneo more 

T^mewed by Ochterlony, who defeated I he 

' Oorkhas at Mukwnnpoor in February 18IC. 

, Further resistunce being hopele.''!i, the treaty 

iTO« finally executed by the (jorkha council on 

! 2 March IHIfi, since which tinio the Gorkhos 

I bavf faithfully kept the peace. On Kt Feb. 

IKIT Moira was createil Viscuunt Loudoun, 

Earl of Rawdon, and Marnuis of I:Ia*<tingfl, 

in the peerago of the United Kiugdoui, a 

vote of thotiks having been unanimously 



}>&s««d in both houses of parliament a few 
lay« previouflv 'for his judicious aminge- 
ments in the plan, and direction of the mili- 
tarv operutioufi against Nepaul ' (j'A. xxxv, 
'2ii-}-:i, l'38-43). Tliough Hastings, Uke 
Minto, had impreftwtd upon the court of 
directors the necessity of fupprt^ssing tho 
predatory proceeding* of the Pmdorees, they 
still continued to Insist upon the observance 
of a policy of non-inteneution. This policy 
had been misunderstood by the native powers, 
and the Peshwa, tog*fther with the othor 
Mahratla chieftains, had l»een engaged in 
ceiUielesM intrigues against the British, The 
chief objection of the directors to the extir- 
pation of the Pindoretts was the fear of irri* 
tating the Mahmtta?, while Ilastings, on the 
other band, was convinced that the only way 
to obtaiu permanent order was to annihilate 
the ereat military states of Central India. 
(In hearing of the raid into the Northern 
Sircars, Canning, then at the head of the 
board of control, in a despatch dated 26 Sept. 
I8IH,aulhori;:!ed Hiu^tings to procet^d against 
the Pindarees, and even the Calcutta coun- 
cil after the third irruption of the Pindareea 
resolved thai ^igo^ou8 measures should be 
taken for their suppression. While prepar- 
ing for war Hastings entered into several 
subsidiary treaties with a view of securing 
the assistance of tho more powerful chiefs in 
the extiriiiition of the Piudarees. Towurtls 
the close of 1817 the mililitPk' preparations 
were completed, and llaallngs took command 
of the central di^hsiun, which was stationed 
nt Cawn])ore. In November tho IVshwa, 
who hod L'uneluded a treaty with the British 
ill I he previous year, suddenly broke into 
war. lie was, howe\er, brilliantly defeated 
by (-'olonel Burr and Klphinstone with o small 
British force, Poouah was occupied by Gene- 
ral Smith, and the Peshwa had to fleo for 
his life. Appa Saheb, the rajah of Nagpoor, 
after hiss r\.-pulj5e at Seetabuldoe, surrendered 
hini<<elf, and his army, on refusing to deliver 
uTi tile guns, WQ8 defeated at the battle of 
Nagpoor. Holkar was routed by Sir Thomo-H 
llisUip lit 5Iehid]M»or, anrl on Jan. con- 
cludod a iH'ttce with the British iruMTUuient. 
The PmoaiTi'S, whuse strength had been 
dejicndent on the support of the native states. 
Were easily broken up. Tlie result of this 
brilliant campaign of four months whs to 
establish the suprcmacv of the British power 
tfaroughoiit India. 'The Pi'shwa was de- 
posed and his dominions annexed, while the 
territories of Sindin, Holkar, and tho rajah of 
Berar were nt tli« men-y of the governor- 
genera). 

In embarking on a tlurd Mahratta war 
Ilaattngs undoubtedly exceeded his orderiif 



fastings 



t30 



[astings 



nnd, brilli&nl. ii^ llie reJtiiU i>( hU [lolicy had 
l>e«n, it di<l noi, escape wnsurHfmm the court 
of dinMJtors, by whom the extension of lerri- 
torv wafi denounced. In his nimwer to the 
ftddross of the inhahitantK n( (^nlcutto, pru- 
S6nt«d to him on his return to that city* 
^Hutings g-&ve an eUbonire expknation of 
lliu |tobcy, and declared that * in our original 
' plan there vraa not the expectation or the 
wish of addinff a rood to the dominions of 
the Honourable Company ' < Asiaiir Journni, 
1619, vii. 174-83). In 1818 hp wa« rand»« a 
G.CH. and a I^.C.R. A vote of tlianks for 
his n^rvtc+^ft was i)i\*j*^d hy Uie genpnil court 
of the Kaft India t'ompany on 'A l*"eli. IBli), 
and in the same year a ^ant of m),(K)0/. wom 
made by the company for the purcliaao of an 
estate to be held by trustees for the benetit of 
Haating8,hk wife and 'u»\x<i. A voto of thanks 
waa also passed to him in both houses of par- 
liament in March 1819 [Pari. Debater, xxsix. 
^7e(>-«, WijViU). During the last years of 
Ilia govemor-penemlghip Hastings devntwl 
himself to ttie civil nnd fluHiicinl diitiit:* nf 
the administration with great ability and 
induHtry, In spite of the hostility of the 
directors he supported many useful lueastirea 
for the education of the natives, and oncuu- 
Bged the freedom of the press. Ho did his 
est also to remove all oppressive laws, und 
to raise the tone uf the government oiKcials, ' 
In 1819 be secured the cession of Singapuor, 
Olid in 1H:^:J st>nt a mission to the king of 
Siiim in the hope of i.*slablisbing commerciul 
inttircourae with that country. Moreover, 
uotwitbstanding the oxponM;s of the two 
yirars in which he had been engaged, the finon- 
oial results of bis administration were more 
satbfactorT than had been the case with any 
of hi.1 prediMM'SMors. 

linftjflunately. by an order in ronneil, 
daled -'.'1 July 1810, the gdvemor-general 
had f-usp'^ndiwl t!i*!« jinivigioiis of tlin net 
(37 G*^. Ill 0. I4:i}, which prnlubitf'd loims 
to native prinCM by Ilritish subjocts, in favour 
of the banking house of William Palmer & 
Co., givtngthem power todo * all acts within 
the territories ot the niznm which are pro- 
hibited by the said act of parliament,* pro- 
vided that thev comDiunicated the nature 
and object of their Transact ions, whenever thev 
were required to do so. In 1 820, after murli 
dilTerencti of opinion in the council, penniit- 
sion was granteil To the same houite for the 
negotiation of a loan «)f sixty lakbsof rupees, 
which the niitam's mini-ater declared to be 
requin.'d for the legitimate purposes of dis- 
charging the arrean« diu* to ten* public e»tta- 
blisbment, paying olftliH incumbrancesdue to 
the native bankers, and for making advances 
to tho ryots. Soon after this permission had 



hetin given, onlers were received from ihaj 
court of dirertorH, ex]iresfling their strong] 
disapproval of the whole of these traiutac- I 
tiona, and directing the annulment of tha 
exemption which had Iwen granted to the 
firm. Metcalfe, who had been apjninted nv 
sideat ftt Ilyderabad in November \^'2Q, dU- 
corered that a large portion of the loan hud 
been misflpplied, and came to the conclu&inn 
that the existence of such a powerful trading- 1 
company was dnngerouR to the sdrainifitra- ] 
tiuii of goverament. Tbe loon was paid off] 
by the resident^ and all the dealings of tha J 
firm were declared illegal. 

Hastings had imprudently avow*ed an in- 
terest in the prospenty of t he house of I'alnier 
& Cu. in a letter to Sir William Kumbohl, 
who had married his ward, and wos one of 
tbe partners of the hrm. In consequence of 
t bis t he motives of Hastings were mistrusted , 
bv the director*, and, Justly indignant at 
t heir suspicions, he ^ent m his resignation in 
l82l. InMan-li 182^ Canning wasHiipulntMii 
his successor, and in the following May the 
court of directors passed a vote ofthanka to 
Hastin[p$ for liij> zeal and ahihty. Hufitiugtt h 
left India on I Jan. 1823. and was succeedeU H 
by Lord Amherst, Canning having aiven up ™ 
tiie pist in conse^^uence of Lord Ix>ndon- 
derry's denth. Owing to the embarrassment 
of]ii>« utliiirs, Hastingc^ accepted the post of 
governor and commander-in-chief «>f Malta» 
to which he was oppninted on 'I'l .March 1MJ4. fl 
In the samemiinthnoiiglH.'iKinnuirdbrfjiight ^ 
forward a proposal in the getu^ral cnirl of 
proprietors for taking into consideratinn Has- 
tings's ser\ice8 as govemor-genorol of India. 
.\n amendment, calling for all the papera 
t-onnecli'd with his administration, was, how- 
ever, curriwl, and t he ctfinpilution and printing 
of the d*>cumHitM occupied a twelvemonth. 
At length, after a long debate on the Hyder- 
abad papers in Kebruari* aud March 1825, 
Kinuaitvl's resolution, tbat the papers con- 
tained nothing whiclitendeil 'toafii-ct in the 
slightest degree the personol character or in- 
tegritT of the late governor-general,' was de- 
feated, and the chairman's amendment, that 
though tliero was 'do ground for imputing 
comipt motives to the late governor-general.' 
yet at. the same time the court felt 'called 
upon to reconl it.»t appntval of the p*ditical 
despatches to the Bengal government under 
dates 24 May 18'.>0, 28 Nov. 1821, April 
1823, 21 Jan. 1824,' was carried by a majo- 
rity of 209. The^*e despatches contained 
Several charges again.<t Hustings, and among 
others that of having lent tlie componv's 
creiiit to the transactions at Hyderabad, not 
fur the benefit of the nixam, but for the solo 
benefit of Palmer & Co., with having atu- 



Hastings 



121 



Hastings 



y 0uppnr-£Sud important iufornutionrAnd 
BTr^uipting to eluJti all check and con- 
Uaetmgg returned to £agland for a 
tew montba in 182n.nnd took his seat in the 
Honae of Lords for the first time since his 
vlefvtion to the marquisaleou 3 June {Jour- 
muU of ih« SouM of Lords, Ivii. 975 j. In 
the same month he introduced a bill for regu- 
lating the interest of money in India, but 
though it procured the fa vntiroble opinion of 
the Juilgu and was rnid a second time in 
the Ilottse of iA>rd<t, it did not pAs» into law 
<" /Vir//«mrn^ffcyi5e6af«, new ser.xiii. 1207-9, 
iSHO-l). lleretumed to Malta in February 
ld2(V ilLTe faia health, already affected by 
the Indian climate, began to give way, anil 
lie fiustuined a considerable injur}' from a foil 
from his hor^e. He died on board U.M.S. 
Reven^ in llaia Hay, off" Naples, on 28 Nov. 
IfcKl. in the seven ty-fiecond year of his age. 
In a li'tter found animig his iuijhts lit> left 
direclions (bat upon ht4d4>ath uin right hand 
■should be cut otf and preserviMl until tliu 
Idealb of the marchionods, when it was to be 
IfilKced in her coffin. 

HiMtinp* was a toll, athletic man, with s 
l«tately figure and impressive manner. As a 
rpi)lttician he is cbietly rememliered mh the 
jirieDd and conlidant of the Prince "f Wales. 
|Hu capacity for rule was remarkable, and aa 
laldlful soldier and an able administrator he 
_• not likely to be forgotten. In his i-arliiT ' 
tdays Halting* had denounwd the British \ 
l^remment of India in t he ma<«t unmeasured 
Iterms, declaring ' it was founded in injustice, ' 
ind hsfi orifi^iniiliy Ijeen efltobliahed by forco' | 
linmentitnj Hint. %x\x. l4o); but con- 
acr was not one of hia political virtueit. 
fi labourtMi earnestly to ameliorate the 
Mate of insolvent debtors, and was an eutbu- 
•iutic freemoaon. actLng aa deouty fk^r tho 
rinco of M'alob during bis grana maf^tcrf h ip. 
foore dedicated his volume of ' Epistles, 
kdcft, and other Poems,' to Uasliiiga in 
1806. 

Hastings married, on 12 July 1804, Lady 

lora Miin? t'nmphell, countesA of ]«oudoun 

her own rii{bt, the only child of Jamcii, 

fifth earl of Loudoun, by whom he had six 

children, vii. ( I i Flora Eliiabeth [tj. v.] ; 

(2) Franci* (.iet^rge Augustus, lord Machline, 

I who died an infaixt ; <y) Francis GeortteAu- 

[iwl uii,wbo,bom on 4 Feb. \f^)^, succeeded his 

Rther us itecund manjuift of Ilo^t ings, and bis 

I'rtber a« seventh earl of I./)udouii, and djtwl 

fru lU Jim. 1844 ; (4 1 Sophia Frederica Chris- 

lina, who, brirn on 1 Feb. l^iKW, married, on 

lO April 1H4.^>, John, second marqttiA of Bute, 

ind dit'd on 2S Dec. IftSP; <o) Selinu C'on- 

intiB, whi3. bom on IJi Aug. 1810, married, 

L 'lo June 1838, Charles Ilenry, captain of 



! the 56th reginwnt, and died on @ Not. 1867 ; 
(6) Adelaide AuffUStaLavinia, who married, 

' on 8 Julv 1854, Sir William Keith Murray 

■ of l)chtert.vre,bart., anddied on Ullec. 18*iO. 
Lady Hastings, who ^unived her husband 
many years, iu^ on 9 Jan. 1840, in her dix- 
tieth year, and was buried in the mausoleum 
at Loudoun Castle. On the death of the 
fourth Marquis of HuAtings (a grand^ton of 
the first marquis) in NovemlxT 18(>8themar* 
quisate and other English and Irt.di honours 

' created by patent became extinct, while the 
Iraronies by writ fell into abeyance among 
his sisters ; the earldom of Loudoun and the 
other Scottish honour* devolved upon his 
eldest eister( Fdith Maud, wife of ChorleaFa*- 
derick Abney-Hostings, afterwards created 
llaron Doniiigton), in whose favour the abey- 
ance of the baronies of Hotreaux. Hunger- 
ford, He Moli-yns. and Hastings* was* ternii- 
uattid on 21 April lH7l. 

Iuconse((uenceofhia habitual extravagance 
Hastings left his family badly off, and in 
Irt27 the East India Company voted t\ further 
sum of 20,0(W. for the benefit of bis son, tho < 
second mamuif, who wa? then under ago.1 
A series of letters from HastiiigH, 1706-7p] 
are in the possession of the Earl of Hosslyai 
at Uvsart Ilousei WM. J/&S*.(.'t/«iw».l*nd Kep. 

fi. IW). The Earl of Granard possesses several 
letters of Hastings containing interesting 
matter illustrating the early years of his 
career and bis services in the American war 
(t'A. 3rd Kep. xxti. 430-1 ). A number of bis 
letters ond despatches during the American 
war will Iw found among the collection of 
Comwailis MtSr^. presented by Lord Hray- 
brooke to the llecord OfHrn (t6. 8th Hep. 
pp. 277, 287-9). Among the muniments of 
Lord Klphinstone at Carbery Tower are & 
series of letters written by Hastings when 
governor-general to the Ilon.Williom Fuller- 
ton Elphiostone, a director of the East India 
Company, in which he communicated his 
policy and the opinion of his colleagues. 
Many of these letters, however, are described 
as being *tno confidential for publicity' l^iV^ 
9th R*'p. pt. ii. 182, IKI, iUVC). A 
number of jiapers ndating to the Muhratta 
war, &c., wliich belonged to the Hon. 
Mountstuart Klphinstone, arc also in the pos- 
session of Lord EIphinstone(i'A. pp. 207-14). 
The American papers forming part of tho 
manuscriptit belonging to Mrs. Stopford Sack- 
villo of Drayton House, Nurthamptonshire, 
contain freijuent refervnces to Hastings (I'A. 
9th Uep. pi. iii, 81-118). His collection of 
skelehi^s of the «cene« and events of the 
American war, painted in water colour by 
various artists, circa I77o-0, wasdispersedby 
sole. Some of them were in the possession 



Hastings 



1*2 



Hastings 



cjf Dr. Thomas Addis Emmut of New York 
in 1H73 (ace Jlarper'a Xew MontA/y Mnf/a- 
ju'rif, xlvit. I5-26J. 

A portrait of Uastioge hy SirT. Lawrence 
vraa exhibited at the Loan CollcK^tion of 
National Portnute at South Kfrwingtoo in 
iHfiS (Calaloffue No. (15). Anothi-r jmrtrait 
by lIu^Oi HtuuiUoa is in the Iri^h National 
I*orlrait Gallery, as well as an on^^Taving hy 
John Jones of on corly portrait of Ilnsiingi* 
as LordRawdoo bySirJoshmi Reynolds. A 
I Tphole-length jrartniit, oaid to \k paintisl by 
Bir Joshua Keynoldi*, was piirchiwed for 
GiK>rffu IV' at the Huke of York's sale in 
Marcii 1827 {Otmt. Mug, xcviL, pt. i. 3.W). 
Another portrait in water colour iiainted on 
ivory by J. S. Har^-ic is in tho Scotch National 
I'orimit Gollcrv- An enproving after a 
portrait by Kir il. A. Shoe will be* found in 
the first volumL' of Jerdoii's • National I'or- 
trait Qaili>ry.* A statue of Hasting by 
Chantrey * erected bv tlie British inhabitants 
of Cnlfutta ' fjlands in the i-nlrntic** porch of 
thcUiilhotisie Institute intlmt city(>1t7fiRAT, 
llandiw/k to the Bewjal IWitidmnfi 1883, p. 
104). 

Hustings was the author of the following': 
1. * Substance of Observations on the state 
of the Public Finnnces of (_in?at llritnin, bv 
Lord Itawdon^ iu a spfifch onthf third ruad- 
ing of tin; Bank Loan Bill In the House of 
Lords onThuradayfOJunclTOIi'L^indon.lTyi, 
8vo. 2. ' Speech on the dreadful and ularm- 
ing SlatB of IreUinH,* ITVi?, 8vo. 3. 'Speech 
on the Prf*«'ntStutt' of Public Affairs/ 1H(W, 
8vo. 4. 'Summary of the AdmiiiiAtration 
of the Indiaa Government, by iLe Marfjuesa 
of Hastings, dnring the period that be tilled 
the office of Governor General,' London, 
1824, 8vo ; another edition, Mnltn, reprinted 
1824, 8vo; alao reprinted in vol. xxiv. of 
*Tho Pampbletet-r/ jiii. 2M7-334. 5. *The 
Private Journal oftbe M»niueM of Hastings, 
JLM. . . . edite<l hy his daughter, the Mar- 
chiones.s of Bute,' Ixindon, IB-V*, 8vo, 2 vols. 
This journal was kept by Hastings for the 
amusement and inHtruction of his children. 
It contains little of public inton^t, and ter- 
minates abruptly in December 1818. 

[The ComwiiUiM Corro^ponderc*', Mited by C. 
Bom, I8o0 ; BniicroftVllitit. ofihc I'd I tod States 
of America. 1B70, vi. 271-3, 402-7; Authentic 
Correspond CI) CO and I>ocumcDts oxplniuiog the 
Iirt>OL'fdiugit of the Mjirquess VVt^llutttey uid of 
tlic Knrl of Moirn in tbo reccTit ncgniiutiuns fur 
thcfortnationofanndministmtion, 5thcdit.l812; 
lord HtAiihoiie's Lif^ of William I'itt. 1862. iii. 
1 08- 1 2. iv. 13-^-4 1 ; Prinsep's Hist,Df UiePolitical 
mtd Military TransiictiooB in ludi.i during thond- 
miuihtniiiuu of the Miirv|ii<>^tj of Hi-tiiigQ.lSlS- 
1823. 1825, with portmit ; WilwiiH Hist, of 
Uritish India, ISdS, vol. ii. ; MonJimo&'aUiat.of 



India, I8fl7, ii. 282-378: Knye's Life of I^aril 
Motcalfo, 18ul, i. 87^498, ii. 1-94; Mtadovsl 
Taylur'K StudontV 3liiDual of lhf« Hist, of ludiuaj 
I87I, PF- 6;C-ti03 ; Waljiole's Hist, of EnglftDd,! 
l86C,v. 18G-207 ; Asiatic Journal, vols. vit. xri, j 
xvii. xviii. XIX. xxiii. xxiv ; MinnuiiN, JmtrnAt«p4 
aod Correnpondence of Thomas Moore, 18d3t.| 
Lord .'Vlbcmarle's Fifty Vears of my Life, 187ff 
ii. lAO-», 161 ; Philippart'i Royal Milil 
<.'))]endar, 181fi, 1. 67-70; Aooiuil Biography an 
Ol-ituriry. 182H, 142-68; Gent. Mag. 1827,1 
xcrii. pi. i. 85.90; Lodge's Peeraec of Ire- 
laud. 1760. iii. lOQ-lO; CoUins's Peerage of 
F.Dglaud. 1812. vi. 0S8-90; Doyle's Ofli<n«l 
Baronago, IS8(t, Ii. ldI-2 \ Burke's Pe«raf2r (s.a.| 
'Loudoun'), 1888. p. SS2: FuNtcr's Alunmi Oxon.l 
1888, iii. 1178 :BulU-r"sU.''ta of Harrow Sch«o\ 
184B, p. 8; >'otes and Uueries. Ist sar v. 77h 
133, 2o;i, 4th j>er. ii. 633, iii. 213. vii. 4u3 : BriC, 
Mus.Cut.] O.F. R.B. 

HASTINGS, FRANK ABNKY 1 1794., 
lH2y), naval coiuiiionder iu the f ireek war ( 
inde]M:udonce,waa younger sou of Lieutenant 
generul Sir L'harlc^ Uustings, bart.. mi ille<« 
giiimutc sou of Franc ta Hastings, earl of 1 1 imt-a 
ingdon. He entered the navy when ahnut 
eleven ycare old, and wae present at Trnfal-" 
gur on hoanl the Neptune. During hi.-* tifteenJ 
years nf servict? he vitited every quarter oi 
the globe, and was finally sent to the \V« 
Indies in command of thf Kangaroo for tha 
purpose of surveying. On coming into tli^l 
harbour of Port Itoval, Jamnira, he is r 
piirti*d to hove broug)it his ship to anchor : 
uu iiiiBeanianlike way. The nog-captain i 
the admiral's fthip insulted him so grossW in 
consiX|iience that Hastings sent him a coal- 
lenge. The admiral on the station n'porif " 
the circumstance to the home autluiritiesj 
iind Hastings was dismity««ul ilie service. 
(tpiriliHi letter to Ijonl Melville produced nfl 
enect, and Hastings resolved to take ser 
vice under some foreign power. lie reside 
for a time in France to acquire the languos 
and sailed from Marseilles on 12 March 1822|i 
with tlm^iow of joining the Greeks. He" 
reaeJied Hydra on S April, and was well n*- 
ccived by the brothers Jakoraoki and Manoli 
Tombaze;), then in commRnd of the CtreoJi 
fleet. On 3 May 1822 this flwt. wbic' 
was poorly monned, sailed from Hydra witb 
Hastings on board the ThL-miAtocles as voluiin 
leer. The value of his services wa« soon 
evident, and auutiig other things he built 
furnace on board hiti ghip for beating shot 
He first hecomo popular among the Grcch 
sailors by sa\'ing the corvette of Toml>ai« 
off Cape Baba, to the north of Mitylen« 
which had ncoidi'ntidly got within range < 
the Turkish fire. When the naval nimpaig 
was concluded, Hastings joined ihe 
engaged in the eie^ of Nauplia, and astUtfld 



A 




Hastings 



Hastings 



the defence of the little port of BoitLd, 

rhich -WTW held br thi? <JTpek5. Th* town 

t\\ into their handA ou 12 Ike. 182^. About 

ihib tiiiiQ llasttags raiaed a companv of fiAy 

pieD, whom be ftmed and equipped at bin 

iown expt'nse. Duhiiff part of \>*'2ii lie wn'ed 

I in Crcrtc as communaer of the artillfry, but 

wan compelled to quit the inland in the 

.nutunin of that year in causequcnce of a 

riolent fever. 

In the Utter part of 1821 Hastiofts vent 

I England tr> purr base a cteamer^'nrbich was 

let be armed under biit direction. In Man-h 

|Ji>25 the Karteria ram^ to GreiMX' and was 

out under his command. Ttiia KleanitT, the 

Brst seen iu Greece, wnn anund with U8- 

Dunders, and could throw rt-d-hot eliellg 

ad shot, llt-r cryw consistetl uf Engliali- 

nen, Swedi-?>, and (IpH'ks. In I'Vbruury If^T 

(la^rinir^ c»>-r.pt«rated with Thotnas Gordun 

l(17Ha-l8-il) [t].v.", and made an attemiit to 

pelieve Adieus, which was ht»*iej.'od by the 

tTurktsb commnnder Kesbid,by steaming into 

Ithe lMru>ns and fthidling the tmemy's camp. 

lliu attack was eucctisMful, but thu city wh* 

Iftfterwarda forced tu ciijittulati^ to tb** Turl(.<« 

DXiSJiuie. Ilastiuffd inttrrupled the Turkish 

[comniiinicatioDl)etweenVoloaudOrupus,and 

[captured sevf-ml of ihcLTTesfielp. At Tricbcri 

I hv destroyed a Turkish man-of-war, but in this 

tencounter tb*^ Karteria .^nllerf^d ecverely, and 

^•vrns obhpt"d Iu go to Poros for repairs. On 

"HI Sept. lK*J7 Hasting?! destruyedlbeTurkiith 

Bet^t iu tiMf bay of >}aIoua. Itirahiin Fnshu, 

l»bo wji« al Navarino, resolved I o takwinsitont 

iTeiiijPHim' u])on bim, but the allied ndmirals 

kept hb) Heel cKiscly blockaded there. Uii 

' ) Oct- \>^'27 it waa anuUiilated at the great 

ftttle of Xavartno. 

On 21) I'oc. 1837 Ilastinfifs t^nk Vnsiladi, 
Ihe kry to the fortifications of Mcsolonphi. 
lie r«leH»eil the prisoners whom be captured 
Itc^elhrr with tbeTiirki:«b governor (Fislay, 
bi. 187). Capodialrias now arrived in (Jreece 
ipre«ident,an(l lla><tinp"3,di:*gxwled witUtbe 
f(Iigent condiict of the war, proposed tore- 
But in May IM2K be was induced to 
iiimo aelive opi-rations in command of a 
vnuill Ajuadron in western Greece. On the 
'^25th of that month he was wounded in an at- 
tack on Anattdikun, and amputation of tbo 
t arm became neces»Br>'. Jle failed for 
Bt« in search nf a competent surgeon, but 
etoniwaet in b^fcire the KHrterin could enter 
Ibeporl. On I June l'^:i8be expired on board 
ibf Tt'Fvt'l in lheb»r)K>ur of Zante, Ilififuiie- 
:: waa pronounced by Tricniipi,iUe 
■ -rian of the war. J*'inlay apeak« of 
1 :. !: *'-f foreipn officer who embarked 
111- ' I ' • L niiise, and declares that he was 
only lorcigner in whoac character and 



deeds thvne wk« the elements of trae great- 
nesa. 

[FiaUy's History of the Greek KtTolotion, 
1861 ; Triconpi** 'Iot^^q r^t 'CAAqrtriii 'Crtua* 
rrdrtttSf IS63; Blaekvood's Hocuaiuc. 0<4ul*r 
IS45.] W, R, M. 

HASTINGS, OEOnOE. flwt E\Ki. of] 
nryiisoDoN and third Bjlrok IIa!ttis-osopi 
Hastings (148S J'-I&45), son of 1-Mward, 
mcond baron Hastings ( 1 10(5- 10O7 1, by Mary, 
granddaughter of Thomas, third bnrvj'n Hun- 
^rford, was Ixim about 1488. AViltiamllaM- 
Jiigs, lonl Hastings [q. v.^, who 'was executed 
in 1483, was hit* crandfatber. He wnsmade 
a k-ni^dit of the Bath on 17 Nov. ir>01. and 
succeeded bis father m third lAttm Hast- 
ing!* on 8 Nov. I5(W, being summnnetl to 
]»arbument in the following year. Ho wa» 
constantly at court, and took' part in nil tbo 
great ceremonies of state. The kingappeai-s 
to have fref|Ueutly advanced bim raonev. 
M'hen nn entry was msdo into I'Vauce m 
Io]3, HaHiings wns a member of the van- 
guard retinue; be \^^»B present at the Field 
of the CInth of (iold; ho also was in alien- 
dance when Charles V vuiiud Kngland in 
lo2:2: and bis name appears as a witness to 
the treaty of Windsor of that year. Hejoinud 
Suffolk's expc'diiion into I'rance in 15:i3. 

Throughout hlfilife lie seems to have boca 
u favourite of the king, although cnrlv in 
the reign be had to apiiear before the Star- 
cbaniber for keejiing too many liveried ro- 
tainen*. The kind's fa^ourprucurwl him many 
proiituble ajiiiointnienls; hu waa steward of 
various innuors rind mnniu'terief. and a cap- 
tain of archers in the royal .s**rvice. In Ifi^D 
be was created earl of Huntingdon witli an 
annuity allowed bim of '201. a year; hu had 
long been a pri\'Y councillor ; and his namd 
was attached to the petit ion from I bo Kngtish 
nobles and lawyers to Clement Vll praying 
that the divorce might bo quiclflv settled. 
An account of Hastings's revenue iVom hind 
has been pi-eser^td fur 15t)li, and it ap|ieiirs 
to have U-en just under a thour>and piuinds. 
In Inim hu secured a lung lease of land fmrn 
Waltham Abbey, so that lie must bare been 
wealthy, in spile of his coiiiiuual indebted- 
ness to the King. He was present at ibn 
coronal inn of Anne Boleyn ; at her trial ; and 
at the trials of hortl Dncre and Kir Thomas 
Moore. Hostings was one of the leaders nf 
the king's forces against the rebels in the Pil- 
grimage of Grace, and gave earlv Informa- 
tion as to the outbreak, lie was t1ten living 
at Ashby-de-la-Zoucb. He died nt his («st 
at Stoke Poges in Buckinghamshire, nnd va* 
buried in the chancel of the church therp. 
He had married, about Heoemher 1 W/J { let- 
ters and J'aper$ t^f Urn. I'JJJ, ii. 1444), 



. in 

•V,'.' 



Hastings 

• ■-^iiani*. by his wiff iSarah. ilauchtrr of 

- [L-1 Thnmii:? Ilndifes, wfi^ b..'ni in Loii- 

11 m U Aiiu'. 177!'. l[c was t-lccaN-d at 

'.l.-pton ^I'rlmol 1 17^7-iK)). anil utt-'rwurJ- 

r .bthn Ht'ttt'-r worth's at-adi'iny ar (.'h''!s''a. 

■ i^irlyin 17li;l hec'inuu**ni'i'(l \u< iia\alcan'r 

■ - .;i-l..T Sir .Ii.»hn Ui>rla.>t! AVarreii, Tlit-n i-ap- 
.. ■ -;iiti i.)f the Flora. Hf look piirt in rh-.' ai'tii'U 

■tt' runcaU; Bay in April 17!'4. nnil in lli" 
- ;'l''iwiiiir yo:ir war- witumlt'cl in tlic (^■lil"^- 
7 Ml t'Xpt'diti'in, After S'-vvinL^ ^i\ y- ars w;lh 
Warfi'ii, ht> was apiiuintt-d su-iin;: li-.iit-nur.t 
•; in th" Syljih briir. ami sub«i-ijni.,-nily r>- 
. . ^ i-fivi'il his ciimiuis-inn us st:roii>l li.'ut-.'Ti.i'.it 
-•t ibi- Kai'oan. lOarly in IMHI bf wns aj*- 
^ ^' jiitintcil lirst lit'iitfiianr of tlit- "rbisl."', in 
,.. ; whirh ffbip In- a(.H'iim]>:inirtl ili-.- txju'iliiU'n 
M J'^jrypT. lie was iifii.Twanls ajijiointt-.l 
, i >(*cnn<l lioutfiiiuit of rAi^ilo. and on tin' 
,. lirealiin^ out of tbi- war in IH'-'J wa-^ S'-m 
<, .._ to W'eyuioutb lloails to in;prr>- ^-'ain'Mi fiT 
. , _ thi' n:ivy. Whib' I'nu'a;^*''! on iliis dnty ibf 
■*;;>' piii'^y untb-r hi- coniman'l was iiiiiicki'd liy a 
^ „ , ' molijiind in tb-:' conllict. which ousut-J s<'\''ii- 
,..,'■ *t'fii of his men Wfro woiiiidril. ami thrt-f "f 
ihi.'ir assailants wtTf killfd. t'()i'n lanilin-r 
al ^Vt'ynioutb he wiis seized, nnil rnniniitt'il 
tiy thf muyor. on tln' {'bar^-^c ol' intinbr. ti» 
^ ■]■_ I'orcbt'sii.T gaol. After a C'liitin.-m'-nt >>( 
, |.L, six weeks. 111' was removed by hah'vH corpn> 
...... J to W'estniinster.wben be wasbailedoiii by hi- 

.,.i.,.j. relative, Lord Moira Uee IIastixi-s, riivsris 

.^^^^ IIawihix- . mid was ."^ubsecjnentlv aeqiiitled 

,"- ,.f ''^ ''"^ llorebe?.it'r siinnner nsf-ize-'. From 

^■,-.',,. I'Ai^le Hastings was removed to the l>la- 

■»<,':» "i<"i'U »"*l I''-' !)ft"vwards servi-il as M,>i-oiiii 

■ ^^. , lii'nleiiaiil on the Audaeion^. and a? Ibi:r-litii- 

:,^' t-'iiaiit on th-- Jlibernia. On hi* refusal to 

■ "d >i" '""^ '" '^'"' ^^ I'^f lndii'<. where two of 
^..^ ■.■^^ hi^ brotb<T> ba'l die>l. b-- w:t< appointed 

■: .^_ !ifl inj,' ordnaiu:" burraelaiia^ier in the I>1" of 

.. , WiLjbt, and in iM's \vji~ promot.'d lo the pnsf 

,." ofMrdnaiif'e>iorek'*e]i.'i- in 10nni-'>kint;n,\\iuiv 

>^ ,. be livi'd tor ni'ii-e tlian nine years. 

....,, When l-'raiu'is. irntli ejirl of Ilnniinu'"- 

^ ,! , , lion. die<l in *>i-iolier 17^!*, the earldom of 

. , • ..," Iluntin;idi>n l)e('ame di>rniaiit, wliile the jui- 

■ „, eient ban III ir^ I if 1 last iiiii>, i'>cc.,dev<dveil upon 
!_ .... hiselder>i-i(y. I,a<ly I'.iizabetli na-tiiig<.lb'- 

>^ ,.'. tliird wif'-of,|,.bn Jlawdf.n.tlrst earl of ^Inira. 

... ,|- 'rhiniL;Ii Theopbilu-i Henry llasjin^'s, tlii- ec- 

,,j I'liilrie reeuir of liri^i and \Ve?t L>'ake, N.ii- 

\ _. .-. linu:bain>bire,tlienneleof llaii'iFrnnei- Ha-1- 

iiij;s.a'isnirie(l th.-tillenf I-;;irl of Hunt iiiLT'b'n, 

_ \-i whieb be was entiib-rl )»y bi.^de.-Cf-nt from 

.' ' Franris. lln- ,-i-eond t-nrl i[. v. . be never lonk 

aiiv >Iep> to prove bi^ riiiht. r|)nn the d'-iith 

■ .;; of hi-; niiele in Ajivil If^ni. HasiitiL'S mad-- 
.■■)t some iitteni]it lo inv«-liL'"ate hi> idaim t^' lie- 

,, ■■;^, I'arblom.bnl wa>>oon eonqtelled to abandon 
v'f it I'orwuni of nionev. In.Iulv 1>17 bisfrlt-nd 



Hastings 



12; 



Uary N'oj^ait Bell 'q. vS took tht oMe op, 
ud It w&s iDAinlj owing to Us cxvtMikB 
iht th« attorsey-ceBermlySir Saorad Shep- 
herd, nportcd an 20 Oct. 1818, that Hut- 
ma had 'sufficieotlj prored Us riclit to ibe 
tine of £iri of naadiigdon.* A vrit of 
iDUBOoi vu BCMudingly uened to him in 
JiotufT]81t).ui(i onib»14tbaf thfttmanth 
he took his eeat in the Hooae of Lords 
(JmnaU of the Sotue of Lot^m, liL 9), 
wliere he does not appe&r to have talcen uy 
put ill the debates. Thoagh •neooaful in 
nu claim to the earldom, be failed to recover 
tbe Leicestershire estate*, which had fomieriy 
June with the tiile. On 7 March IKJl he 
obtatnrd the rank of commander and the 
rommind of the Chanticleer. While cruii^ini? 
ID the Mediterranean he -was apmjinted 
porernnr of Dominica {VA I>ec. 1&'21>. ind 
on 28 March in the following year took the 
<Niths of ofBce (Limdon Gasett'c^ IB:^, pt. i. 
p. 633). In 1824, in ooiueqaence of a mi»- 
onderstandinff with the other Buthonliea in ^ 
the ifUnd, Hnntuigdon rasigned hi^ poet, 
an d returned home. Ha wu promoted to 1 
the r«nk of post-capiain on 39 Mat 1624, 
and on 14 Aug", following wa« anpointed to [ 
the command of the Valorous. Illness com- , 
pelled him to relinquish hi« command in the , 
West IndicB. Returning to EuRland in May 1 
1(428, he died at Green Park, Youglial, on 
9 Dec. 1828, ag»d 49. and was succeeded in , 
the earldom by his eldest son, Francia Theo- 
philu4 Henrv Hastings. He married first, 
on 12 Mar 1 KW. at St. Anne's, Soho, France?, 
third daiichter of the Rev. Uichard Chalonw 
Cobbe, r^-ctor of Grval Marlow, Buckingham- 
ahire, br whom he had ten childn^n, includ* 
mg (jeorjre Fowler Hastings [q. vj She ^ 
died on 31 March 1820, and on_28 Sept. 
following he married secondly KUn Hary, I 
eldest daughter of Ja«*Aph Bottesworth of 
Ryde in the Ule of Wight, and widow of 
Alexander Thisllethwayte of Hampshire, 
by whom he had no children. His widow 
surrived him, and married, for the third j 
time, on 2ii April \b^, Colonel Sir Thomas 
Noel Harris, K.H., and died at Boulogne on 
9 Nov. leHti. Engmrings by V. Warren 
after portrait? of Huntingdon, and of his first 1 
wife by S. AV. Lcthbridge, will be found in 
Bell's * llunlingdun Peerage.' 

[H. N. Bell's UaatioirdoD Peerage, 1620; 
0«Bt. Mag. 1829, pt. i. pp. 2a!)-72. 1817, pt. i. 
110; Dovle'f OflBcial Baroniige, I8H6. ii. 243; 
Bnrko's Peerage, 1889, pp. 743. 744 : Notes and 
QDeries. Mb ser. xii. 69, 234, 278. ilH. (Itb ser. | 
i. 60. >'av_v Lists.] G. F. B. B. I 

HASTINGS, HEN'RY, fir*t Raron ! 
HAsnsoflby writ (#/. 126^), baronial leader, 
waa son of' llenrj' Hastings((j. 1250), sixth ^ 



Hastings 

faaraa br teeure, amd Ads, third daagbt«r of 
DkTid, cKt) at Haatisgdoa, brath«v of Wil- 
liam the Lion, by Maud, d^iighm tod 00- 
beims of Hugh, c«rt of CbeMec Hlaffimnd- 
iaiher. William Hastings {d, liX\ to& part 
with the bantift against King John, and in 
1216 his lands wen fbifeited : he was taken 
pni^ooer at Lincoln in 1:217, and wa5 one of 
William of Anmale'a ^uppurterv at Bthara in 
1±?1. Hrnry Hastings the elder fought it» 
Poitou in 1242 and wa$ taken priiuner at 
Saintes, he aerred in Scotland in 1244 t /fe- 
Mf« em DifmUy of a iVer, iii 20>. In ]2.V> 
be was one of the nobles who took the cross, 
but died in July of the sante year. Matthew 
Paris calls him * a distinguished knight and 
wealthy baron '(ir. 213, T. 96, 174). 

Henry was under age at his father's death, 
and the king gvtatM the wardship of his 
estates to Gfmvj de Lusignan, who, how- 
ever, in the following year tnnsferrvd it to 
William de Cantelupe. In 1260 Hastings 
received a summons to be at Shrewsbury 
in arms on B Sept. in order to take part; 
in the Welsh war (Rtport im Diffnittt of a 
Peer, iii. 21). He was one of tbevonng noble* 
who at the parliament held in ^(ay ]2H2snp- 
ported Simon de Monlfort in his complaint 
of the non-obserranre of the provisions of 
Oxford ^W^Si^KS- i^- liJ3>. and siding with 
the barcms in the war of 1263 was one of 
those excommunicated by Archbishop Boni- 
face. Haetinga also joined on 13 Dec. 1263 
in signing the inittnimrnt which bound the 
barons to abide by the award of Louis IX. 
In April 12H4 he was in Kent with Gilbert 
de Clare, and took jmrt in the siege of Ro- 
chester (Geiiva<>r, ii. 2351. He marcbe<l with 
Karl Simon to l^wes, and was knighted bv 
him, either on ihu morning before the battle 
on 14 May 1264 (16. ii. 237), or at Jjsndou 
on 4 May (according to CAr. JJovfr in MS. 
Ottl. Julius, D. ii.) In the battle of Lewes 
Hastings commanded t he l^mdoners. and took 
port in their flight from Edward, .\ftenvanl8 
DQwas made bv Earl Simon constable of tho 
castles of Scartioroiigh and Winchester, and 
on 14 Dec. received the summons to parlia- 
ment from which the extant barony of Hast- 
ings dates {Jlrpori on Dignity of a Peer, iii. 
34 ^ He was one of tho barons who were* 
going to take part in Iho tournament at 
l)«n*iable in March 126.> (Cb/. Hot. }\tt. 
49 Hen. III). He was taken prisoner at 
Evet^ham on 4 Aug. li*65, but ai^erwartU 
obtaininir his release joined Robert Ferrers 
earl of l>erby [q. v.], at Chesterfield in the 
following May. and only escaped cnplure with 
him through l>t>ingout huntmg (Kobekt ov 
GLOt'tcsTKR, 11840-601. He then went l«> 
Keailworth, and, joining with John de la 



I 



■-•'- Hastini^s 

-iii II Si-Mrliin'l, iind in Juii-' w:=* mrij-.- wank-n 

.;^ -.rw.eii rhi- Forth ami t.tr'-::i-v -'V. Ih''. 

.1- >'.w.-/. iii. 4:i, 47l. I'arlv in 1;''.' h- wa.^^ 

■va:-'.l--n of JVrtli, nn-.l wn'* i:;-. :■■ enitriMv ct' 

|tii:nlt'f in May. InM:iy \i\l- :.-:--.vr.-;w;iri.len 

: _ i lt.'nviek-oii-T\v.-t'(l. ' Ili-l:i-* ■'■.;:n-^i^n".to 

,■ i):trlia!iii'iit. was tUirfil 7 J:;ly l.'Ur!. a:nl !■.*■■ 

■1 j'f'ilial.ly <Iit'<l not I'tn;: air- r, fvr'.aj- n>'\f 

:>. y.-ir at IJuniici-kbiini. II-.- i-.i-r-.r-::;!;.- l-'ir 

"^'. I Wykes I>n::sIaM.\ \V.;Vvr:-;.-. ■;:. : W..7.'- -tor 
■ 1 A'lHiils ill Aiinali". M-i'!:!--:;': : M i::'...'.v I\;7'^; 

■■'. t ■.intiniMlinn til" (ruirast- ft' Ci:.:-.:: ^ry: K','!"-r: 

■ r' 'Jl'iiiLVstiT (all tlii'i-f' an* in •:.- K ;'.- ^^■-^i'.•*l; 

-■ I l'ri:riin]i''s ItanniJip-p.i.i'iri— t; li-.r rt'-r. r':ri'ty 

■•t'.i IVir. vol. iii.; Ciiiirtlinjii."^ !i--t :■;.■ l\ ; rr._v, 

. , ;:■. 'IMK iHO ; IJi.iauw's IViro::^" "W.-ir. I'cr K i- 

■ ■, iMiinl llastiiiu^ si'i; also 'IMli'lliil ? Jl .".iry \i\':> 
., ,., il'.oLawaml I'nieiien in Si-'otli>h iVt-r .^'.-.ii.i'O't- 
, / 10 rJ; >"ii,'()l:ih's tfrnia of Caoilavi r-jk. p. "Jl'O ; 
". ' liain'it t'aliiij.ir of iJocr.moais :v'.,i::i._- r.> S,'.a- 

■'" lami, \o\. iii.] (.'. I,. K. 

■V. HASTINGS, JIKNRY. thinl r.Ai:r. or 

■s. ITiNiiN(.]*('X ( 1 'lo'Virilto !,).(, i-n ill l.'»;;.\ w!!!^ 

tldi'j-j SI in of I'^raiicis lla^tin^is, m-i-^'Ii-I >'arl 

i|. v. . by ( 'iiilnTino, <laiit:hti.-r and <■ 'lu-ir-'S' 

of lii-iiry PoK', lord .Mcmiacnto, brorh'T f>t' 

Cardinal Vnh: Kdward VI, who.-',- i-i'iu- 

]»ani"ii lit.'\vasin ynutli.kni:;htfdliim'J''l"fl>. 

I-'>17— S. ()n :.'.'> May l."»-Vihe was mnrri>-d nt 

Itiirliani(aftt*rwardsNortliinnh)'rl,tTid i House 

in till' Si rand, iyfuulon, to (.'atln'rinr*, diuiijli- 

tiTof .Iiilin Itudlcy, dukf nf Xonlininbr-rlanil 

(J. V. I!t^ was summiiucd to parlianu'iir as 

Jtarnn ilastin^is •2:i .Ian. l.V)S-H. ][,> siic- 

i-of'did lr> tho ('(irldninof Hinirinpdon on tli*.' 

■ ■ _;ir dealli nfliisiaH!i.'r.:*OJmit>l."i01. TIiroiiLrh hi-* 
- ■.j,> dix-'-ntoii liisnintlier's>id(' Inun I'Mwanl H's 
,' -is lirotlitT (!fiir^.'.diiki:' of Clart'iict'. \w duiiiu-d 

■ ■ •M aftur l'.liz;ibitli liit-sucofj^-ion lo tlnMhr.iiu'.in 

■ -v. !< o[i])fislt iiMi 1o Lady ('alheriu'? * in.-y .-md Mary 
• ' ''t-,' IJiii-rii of Scnl-^, liis claims wore snji|iMr(td 

' :iHl by prolialily i In- majority of imili'stant iioblt'-s, 

""M. ami diirin;: tin; s-'Vin^ illm/.-s of J-^Iizabi-tli in 

■ "^N l,')(;j til*' i-iirr-'iit- of ojfiiiioii jminied towards 

• -'.-"u him a- liiT siicc''--or. His jnvti-n.^ioTistti ili'> 
"• IVo. i-ucri's^ion .'-ornrlimi-j oi-casioni'd I'"lizabi-tli 

• :-.;. iniirli irrilatloii. In a h'tti-r tii liisbrotlicr-iii- 
,'-v:* law Lr'ici--tcr in lot!!. Hunt inirdoii ivlaio:; 

• ■'■■' tlial when his wif.'caiiiitncnnrf' it ])h'a>tdhi'r 
- A > MjijfSiy to L:ivi' Inr n privy nijipo r'spi-ciiilly 
» :-[ oonn-rnin:: iny-dlb't J{t;i,i,.7/f'////*?y'Ay/; I\'f- 

. » -. ■ nf/,; L'lidt'd. ]i. tJl ). Iliiiuinirdoii had puritan 

- ■ 'i' li'aiiiiirr-j, an<t was a ?-trniiir ^ymiialhi^or with 

^lr. the nii;,nu-nM; slni^uh' in IViincv. Jn lo<ii> 

< :,y ht'ivtiiion-'d Klizaln^th forpi'nni^>ioutos.dl 

■■ ■!- hisrstntfs and i'lin till' flnirni.'iiot army with 

■ ■i ton thoii.sand iiM-n i Don (iiitTan to IMiilip of 

^ ■"!% Spain in M-S.s. .si)iit/nrft.<!, ipiDted in Frol'Im:. 

'.'*. I'liiflami, cab. t-rl. ix. (i<l). 

^ ,-.\s As was (inly natural, Ilnntin|r<lon was 



■X .!■ I' -t" 


■t : 1 t-:- 

,_•■■■< '\\ 

-■ir-t 


■^-t'..-'l:l 


-;■-■ '. ail 


'■:■■ ■!.- 



Hastings 



12: 



Hastings 



itrao^y advene to the proposed muruire 
betimn Mary Queen of beots and XorfolJc. 
He Iield meetinga at his hoose 10 orsanis« 
nosttDCe to it^ and his energetic measure^ 
lud considerable influence in frostralin^ the 
Saigas of the northern conspirators in l.Jtff*. 
^1wa rumours arose of a possible northern 
Rbellion^ precautions were taken bv Eliza- 
beth to prevent the escape of the Queen of 
Scots. Recognising that Huntingdon had 
special reasons of liis own for oppo^ino- the 
scheioes of the conspirators, she. on 1-1 Sept.. 
gare instructions that Shrew^burr, then in 
charge of Marv, * shall, as he see cause, adver- 
tise the Earl of Huntingdon and Viscount 
Hereford, and require their a-«si=tancrr to 
withstand any attempt to carry her away by 
force, and that they be in readiness with .>uch 
company of horsemen as they think them- 
selves well assured of" ( Cai, itatJUld MSS. \. 
419; IIayses, Burghley State Papfrit.-p. 'i22 ». 
Huntingdon arrived at Wins^eldon the I'.hh, 
and assisted Shrewsburr in conveyine the 
Queen of Scots, for greater safety, to Tut bury, 
which he garrisoned with five hundred men. 
On 22 Sept, 1.j69 Elizabeth sent instructions 
to Huntingdon to supersede Shrew«bury, the 
ground of the *dircctionso sudden and strange ' 
being ascribed to 'the said Earls infirmities 
and request for help, and to the Queens fear 
of some escape ' (Cal. Hatfeld MSS. i. 422 ; 
Hatxes, p. 026). The order cau.sed much 
commotion in the household of the Queen of 
Scots, who, when she learned it, wrote to 
the French amba.ssador F^nelon to take note 
of the illegality of placing her in the hands 
of one who had rival claims with her to the 
throne of England (Labaxoff, Letters of 
Mary Stuarty iii. 182). Shrewsburv affected 
to ignore the order, on the ground that Eliza- 
beth was under an entire misunderstanding 
in regard to the state of his health, and 
Huntingdon, recognising that he had been 
placed in a false position, wrote on the 25th ' 
requesting'eitherhisdischargeor to be W»^, 
or to have some other match \Cal. Ilatjield 
MSS. i. 424 ; Hatxbp, p. 530). Orders had, 
however, been despatched on the same day 
making him and Shrewsburyjoint custodians. ' 
This arrangement continued till November, '•■ 
when, finding his position uncongenial, Hunt- 
ingdon on the 4th obtained liberty to depart, 
and on the 7th left Tutbury, ' well contented 
and friendly.' On the 20th, in view of the 
threatened rising in the north, Huntingdon 
was made a lord-lieutenant of Leicestershire > 
and Kutlandshire, to which was added after- J 
wards the office of lord-president of the north, ! 
1 Dec. 1572. On the 23rd orders were sent ' 
him to remove the Queen of Scots from Tut- j 
burv to Coventn'. This he and Shrewsbury 



did, but the place bein? found unsuitable, 
she was subsequently removed to Shrews- 
bury's castle at Sheffield, after which Shrews- 
burv returned to court. 

lluntinedm was one of the nobles specially 
snmmoned to meet the privy council on 1 4 Dec. 
1569 to consider the evidence that had been 
brought against the Queen of Scots by the 
regent Moray and the other Scottish commis- 
sioners. In 1573 he sat upon the trial of 
Norfolk for hijh treason, and the same year 
he was constituted lieutenant of the counties 
of Leice?ier and Kutlacd. as well as of those 
nf York. Northumberland. Cumberland, and 
Westmoreland, and the bishopric of Duiham. 
In thiis caicici;y he had a conference in 1575 
with tberezent Morton to settle the dispute 
arisingfromtheraidoflledswire. Onl5June 
1579 he was installed a knight of the Garter, 
and the following year was appointed one of 
a commission to inquire into the recusancy 
of certain of the gentry. After the appre- 
hen=-ion of Morton in loSl ^see l>orGLAS, 
Jame?!. d. ISSK. Huntingdon was directed 
by Elizabeth toraise in Yorkshire a force ' of 
persons well affected in religion.* and con- 
duct them to Berwick. Here Huntingdon 
speedily arrived with two thousand footmen 
and five hundred horse, but was kept in idle- 
ness on the borders, not withstandingrepeated 
warnings and remonstrances on his part that 
tho attempt to negotiate with Lennox was 
' madness.' and his scornful condemnation of 
the proposal of the attempt to save Morton's 
life by thea-rsassinat ion of Lennox. His words 
were unheeded until the sen-ices of the troops 
were rendered valueless; and Randolph at 
last saw 'that nothing now could save Mop- 
ton's life.' The troops were thereupon dis- 
missed to their homes. Huntingdon waa 
active in taking measures against the threat- 
enetl Spanish invasion of 1588. He died 
without issue, 14 Dec. 1595, and was interred 
at Ashby-de-la-Zouch. His countess sxir- 
vived him till 4 Aug. 1620. Huntingdon 
had compiled in 1583, under his own imme- 
diate inspection, a complete history of his 
family, of which there is a manuscript copy in 
the British Museum (MS. Harleian 4774"). 
He settled on Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 
t lie rectories of Loughborough and Thurcaston 
in Leicestershire, those of .\ller and North 
Cttdbury, Somersetshire, and the vicarage of 
Piddleton, Dorsetshire, but the last was lost 
to the college through some flaw in the deed. 
Camden says ' he was of a mild disposition, 
but being a zealous puritan, much wasted 
his estate by a lavish support of those hot- 
headed preachers.' By some his support of 
the puritans was attributed to policy and 
the desire to create in the countr\* a senti- 



'-. . • -- 1, A-i i:-v> 

j^ ■=-: :ir- il:i>-L ViAres- 
•irr a:». 






■ .^. ZZI7:.":" 1. iz L-*:-B- 







I- 



I', tf ('..jj.'J;. -.1 
!■ .l-.f. • '.( 1,1 

".fl'.-<l "ij. f.v A'I'I, ',N in?'. I,;- p'.nrii:;- <,l" 

:m If'.;', r -I- r.,v.rl.v ;in'i Wjll WiinM-. A 
.-ii,/Ml.ir iiri-'.iiMt -.vii ■ v.ri(r<ii of (urn l»v Sir 



■'.r, ;.:: ■• 



Wv- 



!.:iv.; 



(^ 



■ :■ . ; V .T it: . 11- 

-:;-:-;--•- i _T^ a: A^'~-T-i~ld- 

.:.---. --L-.--. :. — ": Ti.-K- i p';-rn;;jr.'-n: 
: ■ - Lz.i r ' :-..y ' — ii:::a:;i Liii:.srli ar 
.i-i ■ T .-• . -*;.- rr. : :' "i.- wir. bnt :o airacir 
■ .- : :-.. .zi-m-.-:.' .- :-.': :h-.^ neiirlib-jurln^r 
:--.--. 1:.- r-i". -xi-i :V.rth'-r tirt*d hv tlif 
:'- : 1 "f-"~"--r. :,> <"'^"r, laniily ainl that i-l' 
I^ t: I rr-v. ■!.- ; .-.rliinienrdr^- cnnimaDilrr. 
• i..--.i..-..r. wh n: ■:.• o-untTTi-a.* divided pa— 
•! r::r- '.y ■-:-. -^.:^}i w::]. -.i: any othtT qxiarn-I. 
Ar.'i r. --v :'::■• * -n* f-iiirht tho j'uiilic qnarnl 
■\viT}i t]..-:r yria'ar.;* fpiri* and indipnatirm' 
('"A, I Ilifrin?* r»jmU''d a combined attack 
on A-liltv in Jiinniirv lt»43, took part in tlic 



.\ :\ Itli V f ■.,.,[,. r, (if I .-iirl of S.(ii(fi.--I.iirv, hjiftlt-i.f Ilopton ili/ntli in March, and in tli** 
•Jii'l ■■,..■ iii'Milii->l on II porfriiit oC Iiirri rit nrcJijitur*.- of Lichfield in April, eafelv c<ni- 

I I i li'ilii .Inn y'- ci-iit, Wiiil'Tli'iiinic St. dncti-d im iin]>f)rtflnt convoy of ammuni- 

iiiit'* Miiiiv nrhi-r iiiiiii' ii)(r ilfriiils (if his i tion t^> Oxl'ord in May, and n;licved Staffnrd 
d'liii' -III 1 1 •iiM>iij\ lllll^ lit- fiiitnd in Sliiirtt's- j Cust h' in .iiin*' ( MercuriuJt Au/icw, IrU-.J. pp. 
Ml- I Imiii.hi, »liir|i wiix (ir.i printr-i in I ."(.'{, 1 17, J*»l, •JWi). The situation of Ashby 



I. 



/ 



euiQC§ 5i»cw"*ei I., oiii n. *im "-is- 2- ~— -:^-^ -— -'- ^^- . t- r _--■- t^-'ts;-;^ ~ .:ij. - ^r, . 

otiTjjirpt-::* 7 ■■•*-T:..-n^- i,:3. j, ;i— 3;rrr-r z.r— -: :_- -ir r- . .'~- :- ' l'*--iisu r- a. 

(lien?ni*r;i SLrrr-^r* LiiiT-itii—L 1^-52. i ■::=-,r _r-:-^.:r_- ■ ■^\~:.t-. :- ; --r--.ii i: Ti.i.i. 

<»i !■*>:■. L -.'•*'.. -UtC 3-T=rT ^rrr. - ji " . ^<^:ir :; . «:;.— -r-i- -: zii- z.'--:t Zuju:^ 

In Mat Ir^T itr ^I'-nei iik iiir r 1.3L""" >i: r- -"-• '■^■^i i." — cii (Z- vz .zi-.i.^'i-u 3 . u: ultt 

risoa of ^V:r»?:Tr '.r 2*rji,rTi'^:_ :r~ " r: "- » _ij-^ rt.irr LNriLi 1*,~. vt.? r.i-;T >;c. :■:' 

Francr cr H:i;^i. tii .■:. 1~ Ilaj 1-.^-. br. ,":.iz- riet:-:iii iiLrci Kio.-_ii> *; ■» '. :t ":.^s 




fenctr of C: lcL**:« Pan. X^fK-i^-r-i fl't-i- ^li-i-'.uii :- i-' F;": ".■-ii ■»*?*. ;s=:.'C:>i 

o«T, td. 1779. p. -ir-i* . I'liiiT "ir j-r-r-r ^-s :: Titr.j=^'tz.':.rj,: >*.-^;Teir ',!.:-• T<.i=;=:^.rj^ 

£pecUl provinw T^ tl-r f-prrr^:;- :.f ^le i^ .-I'^i' -• Z-r-i & -tzl".!."! ir. I'laitrs, 

6ionstoihebea:«*<i- >£*"•;«■"■■ t_"Lrrr'^Lr=.lT Kyifv-^y ij. .S.— i; rr. 7>r-rw. t'^Sc". **r.»: '.n 

{iraUes his unwtarl-i %,r:.Tiry A T~Lt Rt- :i.T *ik=.t tt-at -wi* := Br/:ar.T. He *».v.>a;- 

latifinof the Erpitditijn<f Krst.I^z.e^ ju^uei ilfrrr. tAr' -: IVrfr i»A(r«-»r.s* 

OtUhtMUr, p. 154*. i'ni *?i::- 1 Ai'-er :b-i- s^ir- I*^* :f Ls^.^i^Ter-. :.^ Giso.T.y in kU,\ «•*.« 

render of Colche?:tr:b* H.-iK- of C"o=:=::::5 t,:'- ^iin « Brrjerw :n J-Iv, jir..i :n \\f 

TOted Haecines Qct of :Lr Sfrren ffr«=4X c^ r*i.: &: Aul«rr:cnr ia ik'toVr. In U'i-lii \\\^ 

linqtients to be bfcni«br-i f:r :h*-ir shi?e ;a :. r=:r«i one of ib-e rirris^.n at ;'::o *:.^):v of 

the second civUwari lOXov.lrii- i, Theini*- Ar::.lJ:'n \ FkoIss-aki. :::. 4>. t\ . U'4 -*»». Hi> 

pendents. however, revoked liiia t>:«-i 13 LKv. diT-i :n 1347 and wa* burled :r. K'.sinjOV.urvh, 

1(M8 1 as * destructive to the p^Ace and qui-t. wLich bt hai hu:!: : in the ejL*: w-mW thon* 

And derr^tory to the justice of the kinj- are p>nrai:5 ci l!a.*:i:i^:s and hi# wifo. with 

doni*(OWPar/iamen^a/y/fi>/'>ry. xviii. 14o, the arms 'or. a mauneho amnios.* ami in tho 




At Windsor, lie joined Charles II in Uol- men* of Ancient Sculpture, pp. 1.'*, 14, ;tS, 
land in March 1049 (IIeath, CXromW^ ed. j withpjates). «.>namarblt»!»Ubm thoihamvl 
1663, p. 41*0). In the winter of 1650-1 a , then? is the inik>ripiion, ' Yis chun'ho hatli 
royalist insuirection was projected, and Hast- | Ut»n -wmwt by Howo de lUsfynf; and Mm 
ing:a was destined to command the cavaliers ; earet hys wyf.' Mai^'n- Uastiui;:)! di^l i 



of the midland counties {Milton State Paperg, 
pp. 47, 50, 77). He was also engaged in the 
roralist conspiracy of 1654, but took no part 
in' the actual risoag of Afarch 1655 (Cat. 
Clarendon Paper*, ii. 392, 440). On tbe \ 



batltt« 
nr- 
in 



1;149; she left a son lln^h, wbo in perbnpA 
the Sir 1 liigh I la$t in^s who sen txl w ii li J,ibn 
of Gaunt in Spain in I3it7 ^FKitissAxrV Ww 
dieit at Kalkwt'U Hill. VorKshin\ in \\\\\\\ 
and was buriLHl in the Frinrs I'buri-h nl \U\\- 



VOL. XIT. ' K 



Hastings 



12S 



mt'nt in support of his claims to tho throne. 
Ho WH8 Hucce«(led by his brother Gi'ornf »■* 
foiirtli <?arl. A iwrtrait ( dated Vti^S, :i-tftti> 
mhh; ^>'J\ by an unknown punter is in thr 
jKWSt'Hsion of Lord liagot. 

[IJ(ir» Hunting^lon Peerage, 2nd cd. 1821, 
T'P. 62-84 ; CoUinu'i Peerage of England, fi:h ■ 
i<i., iii. 94-G; Ca\. Hatfield MS.S.: Cal. SUu- bn 
I'lipom, Dom. Ser., reign of Elizabeth; I!:i}ii. - - 
Stiitf Papers ; Nichuls's Leicestershire, esi.K<iitli;. *■. 
iii. 083-8 ; Camden'a Annals; l-'roudc's lliM, m „, 
Kiit'lmia; Hill Barton'a JliBt. of Scotland. ;.. 
Lcittlfr'nMiiry Queen of Scots in CaptiTity.lSRO.] ,,,i 

T. V. H. I 

HASTINGS, HENRY (1551-16r,0), «c- i ^ 
centric uportjanan.waa second eon of Oeor^'p. ' •" 
fdiirth earl of Huntingdon. He marritd 
Doroiliv, second daughter and t'oheiresf* ..f ^ 
Sir Francis Wiiloughby (the buildur of Wi.t- •■ "- 
laton, Nottinghamshire). Shediedoniril)«<-. ' 
hkW, and through her be acquired Murni- 1 
buid8l»ark,nearIlorton,Dowet8hire,to^Li li. 
with other remains of the old estate ot ili** 
KliolH, where he continuailj r^i ^ 
give bim a second wife, Mr*- J«w 
>nit hhe is not mentioned (n ^^ 
In 1(145 his estate at Wo 
liUl at ;tOO/. per annum, 
owing to his attachment I 
nftcrwardp compounded f < ^ 
rM)l. He died on 15 O 
centenarian, and with his 
Sir (ioorge Hastings, who 
biirifHl in the Hastmgs ais 
the old church of Horton 
I lastings wa8 the typicn 
the time. He was of Inw 
and well knit, * w«ll-natnr 
He always dresfod in pre< 
sorts of iiounds and bnw' 
daily to the vbase. His 
sporting trophies, while 
cats occupied every war _ 
Hifi table was cheaply but 
vidod from hU farms and H 
bo.«pitality was extreme, bi-' 
t>xci.'eili>d, or permitted oth 
pulpit of a neighbouring c 
lor purposes of devotion.' 
and therein, as the safe* 
t o be found a venison pi 
ft'iitures of his cham 
worked uj> by Addiw 
Sir lloper de CoTerle- 
i^ingulnr account wi 
A. Ashley Cooper, ' 
and was inscribed 
Lord Shaftesbury' 
I'iiles. Many otb 
domestic econom' 
bury's character, 










"■■riiam '!:'"-j: the 

''.'■ . !j Aui'.i.-r i':..'.m'>d 

' '* _ ir. In tk-r i.r: uu-i. of 

..- iw of the "riii.i vi'.''. ?t^ 

-lilterr de C_i.-- "l.-I of 

. - - . jyo> [q. V.'. .- -- i .-T»ute 

. ■i*'reforil(^'..f.i^---' l.To-"; 

- " '. In June 1->l 'l- com- 

,.uu. iind after a lr-=^b ai;>urn- 

rr decided that the kingilnm 

.I*, .iiid awarded the ?ucot--:sion 

■ j.jre fully under BALioL.Joiiy 

.:%'. In April ll»04 Hastings 

,..j,-A-ith(,iilbert,earlofGlouce.<ter, 

- . Mth him and other barons in 

.-.a it Dublin (Rot. Pari. i. l-lil. 

. :c jf was summoned to Portsmouth 

iie French war (.Rf/Jor^on Di;/nittf 

• . ,.'io). He receive<l his first sum- 

.-. .i.-iiiuuenton24Junel:J9o(y/>.iii.fto), 

w'.'r.'m this time summoniKl regularly 

- ..rdiii. He also ser\ed in the various 

..- . j^' ue.\t few years. InJulv li?lH)h» 

.^ , .. ro search the district of fiadenocli 

'-.>. -.\ou>", ii. '20), and on 2o Aug. was at 

_--^_^k when the bishops of Glasgow. Aber- 

-■, .. luJ Whithorn declared thoir loyalty 

••acil (ib. ii. 65) ; in 1297 he was sum- 

- ., »1 ^^^ ihe French war.and in 1298, 1299, 

. v." ^lUiurtheScottishwar. Hewnspresent 

.t :'amou0 siege of Caerlaverock in June 

■ H.*iw ind was entrusted by Antony Bek 

. '.bishop of Durham, with the command 

: Ste. o\mtingent, 'for he was the most in- 

■a..-.'. N**t beloved he hud there.' Hastings 

„v;e\l tlie parliament at Lincoln in L'iOl 

1 •*» .>ne of the barons who on 12 Feb. 

^,-.t.; -lie letter to the pope denying his 

*,.u:'» ;uliudicato on thedifipute with Seot- 

' ^..^ i^or :i description of the strange seal ho 

,4^; -11 "J.iis occasion see Arrhttohifiutf xxi. 

1^.'. l.iiter in the year Hastings was once 

u^;* mj'h'ved on the war, and in the fol- 

■»,:i)i ^car was sent as the king's lieute- 

,.t.u 'V' Vouitaine (Langtoft, ii. :U-'». llolls 

<•.,'' Me d»vs not iigain appear in l-ngland 

.*. ';^.V». when he wa.-* appointed one of rh»f 

. .•i:u.vtioiuTs to tri'ftt with the Scottish re- 

■■^t?<ii:.-*M\es concerning the government ot 

Sc.,-J:i:id. I'ut was prevontod from acting by 

.;uvs. On 22 May LKW he had a grant 

; ■i* '..irsd* I'f Alan, earl of Menteith. in- 

.■i<..;:i^ !'.'.■.' whol.,' .-arhlom of Menteith and 

.u ■'*I-'*. e\o.'Vling ih** lands gnmted ti» 

•;.4 *^v.'t'r IMmuiid Uastiuir* ( (V//. Ihni- 

»^ , .. ■. 1771 \ and tli*- earl was consigned 

,. 't X vii*:*Klv (^P\T.innvr. D—'innent* iUit.<- 

:.. . •■ ll:*f'y:; 1' >it^>tlotiff. i. 3">;i 4 : 

;.*,..•.;..■■.■•. wvii. 1<\ IIcsiiiuedthelt'tt.T 

U' V,:->-?is Tv^ :lie p-'|v on t» .\u^. 1'>'W> 

i^.^.: .X l\'.:.:: .:, i. ;>H2\ and in SeptembtT 



Hastings 



151 



Hastines 



h 



«u present at the council of LdnfTCQ«^ whrz, 
/hbm, atemd of Scotland, did hooure. I2 
laur ha was Benring in Scotland, ira^ fct Ayr 
la Joly, and in S^ember t&s ordrrei : : 
vaaA against Bruce (Cat. lMjntmfr,it *^ 
ttttrng to Seotlandf iii. lo; cf. /tr-tf-frg. ii. f. 
Record ed.) On 34 Oct. 1309 be w^s k;- 
pointed seneschal of Aquitaine (Faderi. LL 
iBl), bnt next year was once more #«en':rr 
m Scotland ; there ia a referpnc^ to HaF::nrs 
as seneschal of Perurord in a lert^-? c&l^rid&rei 
in the Hist. MSS. Comtn. 4th K<ep. 1 Ayj*. p. 
386), Hastings is commonlT s&id 1 > L&re 
been Bununon»i to parliament f -r *L«- la<r 
time on 22 May 1.313; most prC'baKj xhzx 
summons was to his Ron. for accord:n2^ :-< '-■sr 
Btatementhe died 28 Feb. 1313 tChmjr^t^ 
Peerage, ^., i. 13, ed. G. E. C 1. and Th* • in- 
quiaitio post mortem 'of hij e?^at^B\r^ >.']-i 
in the sixth year of Edward II. which «rnded 
7Julyl313fCSi/./ny.;».ni.i.i'>l-iM. H*:wa* 
buried in the Hastings chapel in the church 
of the Friars Minora at Covenrrr: lJujr<ial«' 
qnotes an inscription which ^taWs that he 
died 9 March 1312 (Antia. Wanr. i. If3i. 
On 7 Oct. 1314 tbeBishop of Durham ^nanf^ 
an indulgence of forty day* to pray for 
Hastings's soul {Seg, Palat! Durulm. i*. ij\*i. 
Bolls Ser.) 

Hastings was evidently much tniet*^! bv 
Edward I and is highly spoken of. Lan^oft 
calls him a * knight oif choice' (ii. 34.3 1: the 
writer of the song of Caerlarerock rays : *■ In 
deeds of arms he was daring and nrckles^. 
in the hostel mild and f^fiaciou?. nor was ever 
indge in eyre more willing to judge rightly.' 
lie had great wealth, and left land in ten 
coanties besides in the marches of Wales 
And in Ireland. He married firsts in 1275, 
Isabella^ daughter and in her offspring heire&s 
of William de Valence, earl of Pembroke : by 
her he had, with other ofiiipring, John, third 
baron Hastings (see below), and Elizabeth, 
who married Roger, lord Grev of Ruthin i 
[q. ▼.] ; his first wife died 3 Oct. 1305 {Dlg- 
DALBf Antiq. Warw, i. 1B3). Hastin^'s se- 
cond wife was Isabella, daughter of Hugh le 
Despenser (1262-1326) [q. v.], by whom he 
had two sons, Hugh [q. v.] ana Thomas ; : 
after Hastings's death she married Ralph de ' 
Monthermer (Fadera, iii. 789). I 

Hastxxos, Johk, third Babon HASTiyos ' 
(1287-1325), was twenty-six years of age ■ 
at his father's death. In 1306 he attended I 
Queen Margaret to Scotland and served in I 
the Scottish wars between 1311 and 1319 ; | 
in 1320 he at first sided with the rebel lords, 1 
but afterwards joined the king at Ciren- ; 
cester. In 1323 he was governor of Kenil- j 
worth Castle, and died in 1325. He mar- 
ried Juliana, granddaughter and heiress of 



Ti'-^i.*. 5* LsT-r.-rzi*. bv -Brbm te Lad .:ine 
t^'Z. Ll^it^:;^, "t*:-r»aris ir?: *iri cf Ttm- 
•«r-i' '-.. T." ; L.S trii-.-x- =.trr>i 2 > Thomas 
'.irB: li: %.ii S WU::i=: i* Ciz:on. <*rl 
ill^zi^i TL. a=:i i-r.-; La ISTO W4# bined 

trTT. Cai-^rr UTT "■ WjxvT£. FufitraU Monu- 
wf.'.f/.p. !:.>>■. 

hiz_-rs CzT.-.ir.t t^-i in Ami:** JUirA 
<r.':-.m jT.z.r.i'i ^1-":. :t :z '.'-t H:".'.* :«*• : Sir 
X. H. y:?:.if« > z:: ri C^t r jTtrxk. |-t. 66. SO, 
i'&5-*: ?fcImT.:'s I'-.-r::— frts ;"z*tr»::re of 
H:*.-. f Sriliri; Bs:::* Cilrtiir of Dw:i- 
riri:* r^li::::^ :o Ssoilirid- t:'.>. ii. ani ii-. ; 
.S:rT*3s:s*Dl<r::ir-:«i::=t-.Tit:ne tie Hist, cf 
>«.':il»&-i. 2 Tils, firjn. ind Mrm^-rials of Sco:- 
li-iLC. ; I>p:r: cc lit Lnpziiv i-f a Peer, iii. 53. 
Ifr*. 112. 117. 125. 32?. ISr! 175. ISl. 156.1M, 
203, 207, 213; R:::* of Pirliiafnt. vol. i. : Par- 
I:d3*i:ArT Wrl:«. v;l. i. ; pvnitr's Fipiem ; Dng- 
<Li>"i- Buo-^^. ;. 575 : Collin^ « Oa Baronies 
"'T W-;:, rj-, 1S3-5 "wttTi :: \f- iviri:<ni«i 
th\- tis VL.T l*r:=y was tha: of EergavtDny) ; 
N:chjl*"5 l<t:?>i**er>hire- ontiics mar.T small rc^ 
fr-tao^s to h;s *iCi:e» and a pedicre* in iv. 477 ; 
B:;rtoLs His:, cf Scotland. t-j\. i] C. L. K. 

HASnXGS. JfiHX, s^^ond EiEL of 
Pekbboee I I347-137->i. was only son of 
Laurence Hasting? 'q. v.". first earl, and 
Affnes. daughter of Roger Mortimer, earl of 
March. His father died in 131^, while he 
was little more than a year old. and during 
hi« minority his estates were managed brhis 
mother. In 1:369 he was admitted into the 
onlerof theGarter. in succession to the Earlof 
Warwick. In the same year he accompanied 
the Earl of Cambridge into France with an 
armed force destined to reinforce the Black 
Prince in Aquitaine. They landed at Saint- 
Malo and proceeded to the captun' of Bour- 
deille, and then to that of the Koche-sur^Yon, 
where he was knighted {i'handog IhraUi^ 
4CI2-ii6). He seems to have declined to 
aerre under Sir John Chandos ""q. v.1, but- 
being defeated by the French at Pumoii, near 
Poitiers, be was glad to send to Chandos for 
assistance. After having made a raid into 
the province of Anjou he rejoined the Black 
IMnce at Cognac, and proceeded with him 
to the siege and capture of Limoges. Having 
returned to England he was named, 20 April 
1372, lieutenant of the king's forces in Aqui- 
taine, and about that timeproc*H*ded to that 
destination with a fleet laden with forces ami 
supplier. In attempting ton^lieve the siege 
of La Kochelle he encountered a Spanish 
fleet before that to^Ti, composed of ships 
heavier than his own. After a fight which 
lasted two days he was entirely defeatwl and 
taken prisoner 23 June. He was removed to 

k'2 



Ilastinii^s 



:-iitincrs 



rn-t'T. Him «'>n. u flilrrl Hi!_ ; !;. 
fnlh'T 'if Sir Kilwnni Ii!i>t!ii_- i ... 

[Aii'horiti'"i '■]ll<l^-l ; rr.ii»':iri ■> '": 
t'i. I/iw ; IJI'>nn'li''l'rH N'lrfi-ll;, Vir. 
\7U, -II-'J, 'i\U ; ]lurk(;"> Kxliiiit P. . ..■. 

HASTINGS, JOHN. -< 
H\!*TiN»iH (ei^'litli by ri'ini''-t i! 

liCICiAVKNNY (ll*('c' 'i:ti:tl, HliiM.i 

throiHi of Scotliiml, wii:* son ••( !! 
in^-tf first banrn (|. v.'ljiy lii«wii!.i 
('aii1clii]p*\ He wii'itiiirii nil fi M.I'. 
lftnhiriinn.fli-nffihifiirum,\. V-VA: fi 
i. Mf7, wlnTi; lie is .si'nl to b" til'"- -■ i 
'qiiiridcrim'miiy be a mi^tnki' !'■■ -. 
Sir N. H. XicMliirt inttki'i biiii n ■ 
this timi', but }it'ViTiil tliiciim-'iirn . 
NinioiJ*, Tjrirrntrrithirf-f.i:. i\. 
Khowlbnt h*' WHS jiiill iitkIit . 
In 127tt,on ibi! di-atli tif liit iiiii !• 
( 'iiMti>1ii]>(>, III* iininirfil ibr- cii-T^ 
iif It*'rjriivi*nny (Cnf. (ivn. i. llC '. 
Tiitirrii-d Isiil)fnii, (l:iii;j}itrr "f * 
Viilrncc, Imll-hnithiT fil" lli'ii'-;' ^'•' 
ii. riH). HiLHtiii^'4 wns itln-mly ..- 
]w)w«rfuny t'onin'c1*'il,but liij* ii'-v 
thtiKiniurn incn-iist'd. His first ,t, 
ill public life wtiK in l:iMr».wlit'i ' 
in ail ('Xpwlition to Si-orlrtivl : 
bit<T l»j WTV(«1 iindcr K<linniid.< •■ 
■Willi, ill Wnlfs, iind iu \'lf^\^ :•■ 
(linTtiHltd nvsidonn Iii-* c^tiif- ■ 
bonliT iindili't'criit llii'in till l'< 
|)(. v.] WHS siilidll.-d \V'i-i ' 
l.>.Vi). Tn Miin-b li'-'.t h- ■ 
niiinncnptur.'i of William !> ■ 
SUN, i. N'j, ITi.'iK ]\i' (lit- r -i- 
ill May \'J'M) \vh'')i :in a ■! 
tilt* nmrriiipi <>(' ibi* liii.^' ■•■ 
il-fr/. i. I?-')), iiinl j'Miird 'II III'- 
pojx' apiinst bis ;i]iiir.i]'riii' 
nt York nml IjiiK'nlit {if>. < 
this yi*iir tin.' dt'ntli m\'M i . 
Norway, pWf nsi; tn tln> il;--!. 
to tlio cniwn nt'Scnlbiii'I. '< ' 
lM inbmt as rcjin'-;fntiiijr *• 
Adii.tliinl iljuiirlitiT of iUv ' '\ 
iiijrdon [sii> Hiid'T H\-ii:;-- 
b;ir"ti'; his cbiim was, .1' '■■■■ ■»■ 

^iriiii'litb's of iTdi-'i-itttiM'f'. '.uW' ^^ 
,Ii>hn Haliolnr l!'>b<rt I'm- '" ^ 
i»n t ho]»rinci]dr t h;it tin' Lii! . ■' 
in 1 be samt' w;iy !i< an op.ll ruf' 
tlu'df^roiiilaiit-iid'thfthr'-c- 
wiih ilu'othiTtliiimiiiit-, 11 
t'* I'Mwiml's iliTi-tnii nil'! » 
rights in SiMthind iiniii ' 
vttlt'il. 'i'JH' dt'i-isi(iii i, ■ 
ward tn C'unmis.-»ion«'r."!. v 



kt^Ah.-?. 



-■ iliiH-.ur. . r 1 - lit. |ip. 
^ -innnmr.- '.' t .r;litn**nt 
V. l:i:»: :- \.\ • ho was 
- -it-ortiih wi,r : ? :L- dofoncp 
■. >i-'»/iV. i. •.' ". . LTA-X in tlw 
-.1 nthe fl-.-: it -i.- b:iul'-<>f 
.■K' iFiioi-i-x". :■.. :Ck He 
'.-' kini; ir. ':.'.- >* -"ish I'X- 
ii. and wa.i jr---:.: wlu-n Kd- 
- 'iiin'Ui'ii \W.' :: ::> C-mnifss 
■.. ii. 3li': Av.-' -* - t i>(>r7y 
".::ti-r). In lM4i' h-.- wa.5pri'«t'iit 
».a'nr at I>un>T:iM':' on 11 IVb., 
.- ! u'i*')nipani--J the expfdiri'in tr> 
. V i-r- he remain-- .1 tillthf f.iUow- 
' -1 July ^\^\'2 a warrant was is.<tieil 
* . in-tit "f wap»'» to him and to sixty 
.. •.■!»!? :ind a himdreil arch^-rs ^ f « '/^m, 
. V. p. ]:}:?). According to Muri- 
MT-ridix, p. '2•^-^ ho was one nf thi* 
> .' -h- Uound TabW in January 1 ;144; 
.. !i>«wt'VtT, includiHl in the rt'ffukr 
._.. ;i '[ the order of the Garter. IVm- 
. .1 :i pniminent part in the French 
A-^'is ■•f ilenri', enrl of Derby (after- 
, -i^ie of Lam-aster), wh'>m he ncconi- 
. •.• iJtL^cnny in .Uim* l.'Uo {FivJcr^, 
■t.'.p. 142). He was present at thu 
. 'Vr^enic in July, and marcliod with 
> .ViiIhtocIip; lie was then wnt to 
• ;utnitnd at. Hergerac, where he was 
^ .w Fr»'nch laid siepe to Auberoche. 
,. . u-irvhiMl to the relief of the town and 
.iviuti lVmbn)ke to join him, but Tein- 
.. . -.iiniuu: was delayed, and be did nf>r. 
\ .ivr.vlu' till -J-J Oof., the d;iy afrt-r 
,. ;■. He was much hurt that J>>Tby 
vwaited hij* C'lminjj-, and ]dainly ex- 
.^^.. 'is fe'dinps (Fboi^sakt, ii. *I7 s.[«i.) 
'.'f winter he was present at tlu- vsi]*- 
V^uillon, La lliHile, and otInTtnwn>, 
» ■■ n the Fri'nch threatened A^iiillnn in 
».■ : ' ^ti!. l*einbroke wasou'' of the jirin- 
.», .j'r;ii:i< sent, to defend it. The sii'^jt* 
.. 1. ''-■'!!i the end of Mareh till early in 
,..'.. il.tiT. iii. xxxiii): when on one 
1*. ■:! Sir WalterManny was hard pre.ssed 
.u * *;dly. l*einbroke b-d a. party to his 
^ . ■ Vi'-wbr-^kf returned with Laur.-istir 
■.i.l:»'id in l»eoember. when they wer-' in 
^ ,'. ri.;''i^fri^"» n n'vere storm ( Ksii:iiT<i\, 
lie then went to take part in thti 
;^ •»■ i':il:il-*. and in June l:M7 wa.-^ t\\t- 
^...'vl w.:h the Karl of Nnrtlinmptiin t-i 
....i,.»'(.'. a tb-et whieh wa* to pn-Vfiit ih-' 
■ V.'.v". ..'n >'f prinisions inlotlu' town ; on 
I ';i t'-.-\ w.Mi a complete victory, and 
^^.> xl :heI'r«Miehnearrrotoy(.Vv!:.smKY, 
. ■;>t ii^ !''■.;•* w:is IVml 'rokr's la>t e\- 
i .V '-.e «'.:■■'. -'i^ Ai:j. loi"^. leaving a 
,i" ;v'h'\ MW'V.d ,\:rl of IVmbroke jl \.] 



^33 



ii-.V-.-lut. 


hZl 


ir^T r-.m. j_i .- 


»-.ftaut..i - ■ "L-- l1 


'iil- 




^^^Bii^ 


'^^^^^^^ 


Z-^ 


zr^r r.^-rxzr 


. 


rtr? 


rJ": jx I'l.iili:. 




^^ 


:*:irii"'.«i X I- 




-*^ 






ir ? 


tt: - cs. I-^ r^ 




-TT 


ZT.C an-i "—■■. - 




.-"; 


:1 Ji-=.7 ~ --Ir : 




i1t 






-]^ . 


I'm n r" a ? iTj 




-r 


▼■ri ier r.irrr 




:^ 


laT -at laiil-^ 










ben 

!**•• lI'isrineMiiiiihfcarlcf Hzz,!.!;- 

' ' ■ .:i-.J w'itb Lim k t>-"^.j- >. 

-■r!"'-n> l*ark,iu :hv pirUL :f CisLrt 

I.-.-icestersLiftr. In ri? *ir> 

■'■i-""J life sh^ was asfeSrlTJciiTi 

' ■ . ii ii!iiil'al of hrr owTi i^zMii-ar-r 

. 'ii'"'\ )inriWh>:'w&5 •«;-nT-er:<=!£' ij 

*• --ii-l'.w. ]jxdy yiMT^v>< llxszLz-^. 

I'Oj.iil:!'' phra!*ol'^2T. ih* ' r::r=Kii =ir- 

,* t • rtjM ffTeat dUm&v of i.-trfrrr^i--. 

i'lntiiifrilou ^•:C^<mzx^cIidtd a occttt**- 
vlii'*}i jirovid fruiil>>a$. »i:a B>l:j 
:. hi- ■■id luior at Oxf'^rd, t-: ii-.-rr- 
iii itinlii-r. I^dj Hai:tin«<i:& ii-r-- 
ii-Ta:\i t!if nmainderof lierl:=x — r 
'li-' I' -pk* called nKTliodZftK* ar.i L-rr 
m1 fr-,jMtntly attended with Iter G^i'irr-r 
fi'.llV prt-aching, tlMHicfa b* n^v^r l^ 
.n ni^tual conrerl. Ladj Huntii^'iin 
ainly instrumental in introduciiir :Lr 
srLrititoarutocntic circles, lEtowii-cb 
il)ly would never otbenrue have found 
, il'>r frequent risitsat Twickenham. 
ti'ioDCe of^ her aunt. Lady Frances 
•, brought her alio into conUci wiih 
'i he chitffliteraiT celebrities ofthe day. 
.' MimtingdonwaaTery intimaltr with 
•«> hrutheis Wealer, who frtqmntly 
her at Donington* Park, was a con- 
ittendant at their meetings in Fetter . 
ind was a member of the first metho- ■ 
cii-ty formed in that place in \73!}. 
u present when John Wesley with- 



~ z. I-J117 J£.trTrir-~ Hii-""_n^. "* " ii ^'tts i3i-2 

"tltx ' -'-- :':r :_iz t. it^xj^ .= ■:■* :■: 4 iik<<!:^ 
iT sir r"--A:;r.:. _:..: ::..:> ^r :-v:t\i uiar.y 



r>r*|v=,.;-:nc* w.*".. .1^:::;* U-: r\sv q. \, \ who 
T:^::.■,-i Lvr a: A>l.by :a 17i"i*. In ir*Vi *hr 
miie :!.?• i^^^uiiiv.tAr.vV ot Hor.rv Venu, 
wL> becan:r vHt:' c:" !:ir fa\\-.:n;i' oliaplAius. 
She eual'.eJ *^ v- ml we'il-i.r.own i'\ant:vli\*al 
cl'.-rj}.r.;«^n. s;;i*U s> Mvvt* l'r\»wno /j. ^.] 
and Martin M;i.!;;n. to ol'ti-.n orxltiiation. 
In \7oi' she Kvaino al^lU:i:nIl^I with John 
William Hvii*ht*r of MrtiK-!ey _q. \.". who 
oiit-n pr»'>ach»\l for her. i^he wn» aUointi- 
unite with Auj:umus Toptiuly, who calUii 
her ' the mt\*t pluvious «aiii: of M\\\ he ever 
knew.' John iVrridire Jij.v. \ William iirim- 
shaw ^iri'S-irt'-iU ^q. v.\ and mivt( other 



fastings 



134 



fastings 



tTangelicfll clergymen ofcroinfm^i* weremftre 
or lei« intimaU' with ber. Slic wtw a friend of 
Dotldridjfe ; Kowlaiiil Hill, whti, ihouffh he 
was in deacon's orders, can scart^ly be 
redjoned us a regular clerj,'}Tiian, was liL-r 
chajtlain ; ahe was a friend of Dr. AVaUts, tbo 
iiidep<-'ndei)t, and also of Abraham Boolh 
[q. v.], the partit^ulnr baptist, whose once fa- 
mous treat ino, *TbG Reignof Grace,' »hu dij^ 
1ril}uTed widely, and she ^vas at ont! time in 
the habit of attending Dr.Harker'sminiBtry at 
Suiters' Hall. She also kept up ber int^rt-st 
in thp -Moruviantf, and ventured to renion- 
Btrnte with Count Zinzendorf upon his otii- 
nions. The' connexion 'of which she was tne 
founder seems to have grown up by degrees. 
Her first rt^ular chapel was built at Brighton, 
and paid for by the sale of ber jeweU in 1701. 
Slie noon founded various chapids in Sussex. 
In order to attract the upper clagees, &he 
choice f^uch places as Bath, Tunbrldge, and 
London as her strongholds. When sbe huill 
the chapel in Spa Fields in 1779, Mr. Sellon, 
a clerg}-man, opposed the arrangement. She 
thought that as a pcen-ss sh(^ had a right 
to employ ber own cliaplains at any time and 
place in the mo«t public manner. A trial 
took place in the consistorlal court of IjOQ- 
don,and the result was that elic was obliged 
to take shelter under the Toleration Act; 
her minleti'rs took the oath of allegiance as 
dii*senting ministers, and her chnpeU were 
registered as dissenting phiecs of worship. 
The parochial ministerB wlio wfire her chap- 
lains, Honmine, A'enn, Berridge, and others, 
licreupon witbdn-w from Iht connexion, 
though tbev 9till continued to take a deep 
interest in fier work. 

In 1767 Treveoea House, in the pariah of 
Talgarth in North "Wales, was to he let on 
lease. Lady Huntingdon resolved, after con- 
sulting her triendi*, to open it a« a seminarir* 
for the training of her ministers. Trevecea 
was opened by WliiteReld on 'Ji Aug. 17<W^, 
Ijidy Iliintingdon's birthday. Fletcher was 
appoinlod president. He was to \isit it as 
of^cn M Itis duticjt at Madclcy would allow 
him. Joseph Benson [q. v.], transferred from 
Kingswood, U-came anor a short time the 
head-master on John Wealey's recommenda- 
tion. Lady Hmitiugdon henceforward spent 
much of her time at Trevecea, taking a deep 
interest in her students, and sending them 
about to 'supply' the congregations under 
her patronage. After three years' residence 
they ' might, if they desired, «nter the minia- 
trv either of the church of Knglund or any 
other protestant denomination. As far as 
she could Lady Hiuitingilon kept her hold 
on the church of England. Her plan was to 
have 'a rotation of clergy throughout the 



large chapels and congregations.' "Whitefield 
died in i/70, and left her by his will con- 
aidembleposseffsions in America. This ksl her 
to commence mission work in that countr}'. 
But soon after the arrival of her missionAriett 
in (redrgia, the orjdiun bouiie which Imd been 
founded there by Wliirefield was burnt down, 
and this entailed a los.s of lt),<XX)/. upon Lady 
Huntingdon. In 177l)al50 the famous minuter 
of Wesley's conference, which were w ob- 
noxious to the Calvinistic methodist?, ap- 
peared. Lady Huntingdon took an active 
part in the protest against these minutes, and 
one result of the disagreement was the with- 
drawal of Fletcher from the presideucv, and 
the dismissal of Benflou from the he&a-ma»- 
lersliip of IVevecca CoUoge. In spite of these 
checks the work grew largely. * Nolhinff,* 
she writes in 1774, 'ran (express the dira- 
cultiefi I feel for ht^lp<?rs, from the amazing 
increase of the work everywhere.' Hitherto 
she had exercised morally, though not le- 
gally, entire control over the whole * con- 
nexion/ and supported the college at Trevecea 
at herown e:tT>euse. Her death might cause 
n coltap-^e of the work. An as^iciatioa waa 
therefore formed in 1790, at her own request, 
to aid her during her life, and to perpetuate 
the connexion after bur death. X^pon this 
event in 171)1, Lady Anne Erskine took her 
place. Her chapels were bequeathed to four 
persons, and in i79l*, when the lease of Tre- 
vecea House expired, the college was removed 
to Chesbunt in Itpi-tfordsbire. 

Lady Huntingdon's interests were by no 
means conlined to her own ' connexion.' Slie 
used her social positi<m to further her reli- 
gious purtioseft. She visited her cousin, Lau- 
rence Shirley, fourth earl Ferrers, when 
under sentence of death, and Huudfl during 
his last illness in 1759. Her opposition to 
the ncitntion for a rtdaxation of subscription 
in i7i'2 was acknowledged in a letter frt»ni 
Burke. She remonstrated with thfl ArcJi- 
bishop of Canterbury (I>r. t'oniwallis) for 
holding * routs,' and when her remonstrance 
was fruitless made her way to the court, 
niul laid her case before Cieorge HI and 
(^ntH'ii Chariot I e, by both of whom she was 
cordially n?ceivLil. On 17 June 1791 she died 
in her boufce at Spa Fields, London, and was 
buried at Ashby-de-la-Xouch. Her family 
consisted of four sons and three daughters. 
There aresevernl port rait sof her; one painted 
by Bowyer was engraved by J. Fittler tn 
1790, anotht-r in mewotint by J. Itussel ap- 
peared in 1773. * Ijidy Huntingdon's Con- 
nexion* still hnlds its place among the reli- 
gious communities, 

ITho Life and Times of S«1ina, ConnteM of 
BtmtiDgdon, by a member of the Honats of 



A 



Hastings 



^35 



Hastings 



fibiri«7 asd UfttAiog^. 2 toU.. loodoB. 1839-4V. 
ifxt (rf. a •ympathetic review of thim book writ- 
tui ru \BiO bj J. n. |.<''Ardiiia]} NewnuD, in 
lUmjt Critical And UijioHcal, i . 3S7 «)-) ; Lircs 
*f Whit«field, WeJej. Vrnn. Flrtcbcr. Kovland 
HiU. Romiuue, &c. |<as&iiii; Bromlor't C«t. of 
Bril.Portrmits.p. 423.] J, H. 0. 

HASTINGS, TnEOPIirtl'S, wventh 
£4KL OF UrMiNiirH'.v ( ItWrfJ-lTOl >, bnni at 
DooiogToa Park, Leicesterehire, on 10 Pec. 
lA^O, v»s the fourtb bur only ftunivin}! son 
of F«niinaodo, aixth rarl of Huntingdon, by 
LocT) lUu^httr «<f Sir John IMvie*, km. 
<Ioti»-10-'«) [q.v.]. of Engleli«'ld,llerk.>hirc. 
lie §ucceed(Ht liis r>iiLt>r in the earldriui on 
}S Feb. \tiW. and took his »eat In the House 
of LorrU bv hia proxy, thp Diiko of Vork, 
«n \'i Feb. Uu-i. In May 1672 he juineii the 
French army as a volunteer. On liis return 
lie IjecnmecastosrotulorumofWarwiukishire 
in ItiTo, an oi\it^ which he held until Fe- 
liniarT Iti-S}, nnd he acted as hi^rh steward of 
Leictiter from 21) Feb. 1()77 until 8 A[iril 
1689. At this time HuiuiDgdon acted with 
Anthony Ashley CoopfT, first carl of Sliofte*- 
Ijury ; in l)i«embi^r U!78 he was chairman of 
a conimitlefi on the Children of Popish Rfi- 
«usantK Bill [Jligt. MSS. Co7nm. 1 Ith Itep. 
App.pt. ii. p. 7-1): and on 2 May 107U was 
one of the peers who signed the prou>at against 
M bill for the Iwtttir discnverv of ]iopi^h n?- 
cusants, on tin? |>7'uiin<l that it niit;Iit |>re.sji 
liardly on <llsisenter» {PmteKi* of the lA>rd*, 
i, lU ). In Febnmry ItJtlU hri wa.s left out of 
the I ist of inagist rates for I >erby and Leicester ; 
on7Jau. IGbi he was among those who pro- 
testod tfcainst the motion fornotconimittinff 
Chtuf-ju»<t ice Scrogge, and on 2^ March against 
t.bo non-rmpeachtuent of Edwurd Fitzharris 
<^»A. pp. 't-l,B5). At a lord mayor's dinner in 
December 1079 be insisted on prontminp the 
iiealtb of the diHgrneed Duke of Monmouth, 
and bad in corisiNjuence nn tmseemly alterca- 
tion with l-ord-chief-juAtice Scroggs ( J/rtf- 
ttm ('orrrKj*tfmt*-u*-'e, Camd. Soc, i, 20»-JU|. 
Charlejj U, inspect iog him of holding ireaaon- 
able corre&pondeucti with Monmouth, forbade 
bimthe court, but by Uciobt^r 1081 llunting- 
^oa was received into favour agnint LrrtBtLi., 
Jitiation uf Statr Affairny 1857, i. 138 1, wu» 
promoted to the captaincy of the bund of 
ffentlemen pensioners on 1 Feb. ItiKi {in 
wliich he continued uiilil '2'A Dec. HiKSband 
uo thu 23rd nf the same month wii« ndmilted 
Co the privy cxiuncil. At the death of 
C\aa\t»l\f Feb. 1685, Huntingdon was 
one of the peer* who signed the order at 
Wlulehall tor proclaiming James II. The 

re year, as the lineal descendant of the 
uclianipK, earJR of Warwick, bo preferreil 
doim to the honour of carr^'ing tlie third 



»wokI and of being pantler at the coronation 
(Bkll. Jfutttiuptii/tt iWra^, L'nd «lit., pp. 
13?*-4i(). He w«d continue*! in all his oflici'*, 
and became in addition oohmel of a repment 
of foot (30 June lOvi to -JS Nov. ItiNi), 
warden and chief Justice in cyra of tlie rojal 
forests south of Trent (16' Jon. 1686 to 
2S Dec. 18c<^). u ei:immissioaw for eccleaiat- 
licalcau5et{(]:^ Jan. 1687 Co 6 Oct. 1688), 
liinl-iieutennnt of Leicwtewhirv (4 Aug. 
1(W7 to :>3 Dec, 1688). lord-lieuienant of 
Derbyehin? (2 Dec. I6S7 to :*3 l»ec, 16M8), 
and recorder of l.«tce>ster (13 Sept. 168d). 
He wa.5 aUo made groom of the atole and 
gentleman of the iHxlchamber to George, 
prince of Denmark, tu rk'ceniber M»^7 ^Lux- 
TRKLL, i. 425). At the end of November 1088 
Huntingdon attempted, it is said, to poii>ou 
the l*4irl of Dath at PI vmout h and since ii{h>ii 
the citadrl for James tl. He was impri<ioiied 
for a time with all the otriccr« of uia fo- 
ment save Captain Viscount Hatton and ex- 
cepted from the Act of ludomiiitv in Jnlr 
1689 {ib. I 4^, 654 ; JIattau Co'rre^pond- 
emv, ii. 117). Huntingdon was one of the 
manaffcn* of the conference with the com- 
mons in Februarj- Hit<Q. From thi» lime he 
was consistently tory, and joined in protests 
against afiinninp the acta of the Conven- 
tion parliament on B April U(VM), and agaiut't 
the acL nf allaiiidor of ^>ir John Fenwick, 
S-i Dec. lt>9tJ. When the descent from Ka 
Hogue wa? expected in Mav I69t^, Ins bouse 
was feuarched. Ho had Imu time to burn his 
papers imd secrete his anna, but his stablen 
were found to be filleil with horses. This 
circumstonce was thought sullicient to jus- 
tify the privy council iu i-endinp him to tho 
Tower on 3 May (Lti-ruEi.L, ii. 4-il, 443; 
Hat ton CorrrnjKtndgncf, Ji. 176), and be did 
not obtain his liberty until the following 
17 Aug. (LiTTKi:!.!.. ii. 543, til!)), lie rt»- 
fitiu'd to sign the association in favour of 
AVilliam III in March Uim {i/>. iv. lU), and 
protested against the Act of Settlement 
[livusirv, Jlistori/ o/ hia mm Time, ii. 271). 
Huntingdon died iu Charles Street, St. 
Jame&'tf, Lenidon, on 30 May 170], 

He married first," ou 10 Feb. 1072, Eliia- 
l)eth, eldest daughter and cobeiresti of Sir 
John Lewis, hnt. and bart., of Ledstune, 
Yorkshire, and by her, who died in I'^D {ib. 
i. 494), ho had two sons and six daugblem; 
and secondly, on H May HUM), Irauces, 
daughter ond sole heircj^s of Frances Leveson 
Fowler, of Harnage 1i^onge,^!Il^oIl)!hirc•, and 
widow of Thomas Needham. sixth viscounV 
Kilmorey, by whom be had two sons and iivo 
dnughterf*. She died on:i6 Dec. 1 7l*3( having 
reniarrie^I Michael de J.igtmdcA of vVuvergnu 
in France, knight of Mallu, und cfdoiivl of 



i 



Hastings 



136 



Hastings 



lilione in the Freoch senice (Cukstbb, !(»• 

f-fuiers of We!ftmin*ter Abbftf, p. 30). 

Of lliintin^on there 19 a finu mouotint 
by li, Williarnp from a jxirtrait hy Sir God- 
frey Kiiuller, duled l(i»7. Hb waaflucceecled 
by hid sou Oeorge Hadtings (1670-17U5). 
[Anthorilioa quoted ; Rocers'a Prot^'.^ts of tbo 

[Xurd8,i.26.ei,64.65,07, 160. 108. I'iD; Doyle's 
Officidt BaruDug«t ii. '2i0\ CulUtut's Pi-wiHgrt 
<Brydgot). ri. 660-3.) G. G. 

HASTINGS, THOMAS (1740P-1801), 
pamphlet ot;r and itinemnt bookseller, was 
bom in the biBhupric of Durbum about 1740. 
J!e waa apprenticed to an uncle who helped 
to build Lord Lyttellon's mansion at liiiLMey, 
"\Vurce«terKhire,«ml after rambling over Kng- 
Intid worked for 11 while* itn a carprnter ti]ioii 
the new buildings lu Marj'leboiitr, London. 
lie HUT)porttid the popular cause in Fox'fi 

__We8lmmBter election of 1784, with 'I'he 
ok of tbo Wars of Westminster, from t he 

"fall of the Fox at the clow of 1783, to the 
20th day of the 3rd month of I7&4, an Ori- 
ental Prophecy by Archy Mncsarconica/ Lon- 
don, 1784. 4to, which was followed by other 
fiamphlets in the style nf oriental apol'^es, 
Buch as ' The Uegal liambter, or the Keren- 
trical Advenlurua of (he Devil in London, 
with the Manouuvres of his Ministers towanl» 
'the close of the 16rh eentury, Imn.slated 
from the Ryriac MS. of l^bhi Solomon,' 
London, 1703, 8vo. Thi-se productions were 
hawked by the writer nhont the town. For 
aome years ho publiabtd in the new»ipaper,^ 
on 12 Arig-. an 'ode' on the birthday of the 
Prince of Wales, for which he received a 
amall anniifl! pre.8erit from L'Hrlton House, 
lie was a rep^Iar attendant at the ]K<piilar 
Sunday lectures ; he dressed a» a e!nrg>'mon, 
and was known as ' Dr. Green.' He diM in 
New Court, Moor I^ado, Cripplegate, London, 
on 12 Aug. 1801, aged about 60. 

[Gent. Mug. SeplcmbuT I80I,p.859; Nichols** 
Lit.Anccd. iii. 720.] II. K. T. 

HASTINGS, THOMAS (ft. 181.1-18:11), 
amaU'ur Htdier, waa collector of custoniH at 
LiverpcKil, and is known as Captain Hast- 
ings. He did some goixl work as an etcher, 
and wnp an a.^wM-iat*' uf lli*^ Tjiverptiol Aca- 
demy. He published the following works, 
illustrated by himself; 1. * Vestiges of A n- 
tiquitv,ora Series of EtchingsofCanterhurj-,' 
1H13.* ± 'Etchings (.'(9) from the Works 
of Richard Wilson,' IS^.^. 3. 'Th.- Hriilph 
Archer, or Tracts on Archery,' Ninvport, 
1831. He also engraved the plates to A\ool- 
noth'a 'Canterbury Cathedral,' 1816. 

[Biyan'e Diet, of Puintors (firavcs), 1886, t. 
631 ; UaJTenwl Cat. of Books on Art ; Brit, Mu-i. 
Cat. : Redgrave's Diet, uf Artiata of the Knglixli 
booh] A. N. 



HASTINGS, SinTHOMAS(17EK>-1870),] 
admiral, eldest son of the Hev. Jumi-s Ha.<t-j 
ings, rector of Slartley in Worcestershire, 
and a distant cousin of Warren UastlngSi 
was born en 3 July 17iK). He entered the < 
navy in Septembi>r 1803, and having served 
in the Chaiint-I, Werit Indies, and home eta- 
t ions, commanded a gunboat in tlmWalcberen 
exiwdition, and was promoted, 17 Jaji. 1810^ 
to bo lieutenant of the Hadger in the North 
Sea. From 1811 to 1813 he served in th© 
Hyacinth, and from 1813 to 1815 in the 
17ndaunted^ on the Mediterranean coasts of 
Franco and Spain, where ho was fin>quentlir 
engaged in boat expeditions. He was lirrt- 
lieutenant of the Undnunt^l when she took 
Napoleon to Elba in 1814, and was for some 
time afterwards employed in keeping w»tclr 
over the island. After the peare HostinLi^ 
coulinuedin active service, pnncipolly in tbo- 
Mediterranean, till his promotion to com- 
mander's rank, 9 May IbJo. In November 
1828 he wa.f appointed to the Ferret sloop, 
again in the Mediterranean, and was posicu 
from her on 22 July 1830. In April 1832 ho 
was specially (*elpcted as captain of the Ex- 
cellent, then first institute*! as a flcbool of 
naval gunnery at Port.smoiith. He held thiir 
important post for thirteen years, during the 
lost ti'ix of which he was also suiwrinlfndent 
(if the Hoyal Naval College at Pnrtwuouth, 
Hia sflrviees were ofiiciallv recognised hy hix 
receiving the honour of Itnighthood, 5 July 
1830; and in August 184JJ, when he retiretJ 
from the Mxcelleni, he was appointed store- 
kt-epiT to the ordnance. On 23 Nov. 1860 ht? 
waa made a civil C.Il. ; on 27 Sept. 18>V>, on 
reaching his flag by seniority, Iil' was placed 
oil the retired list. Ho was miuie n civil 
K.C.13. 9 Mureh 1859, and became in due 
course vice-admiral 4 Oct. 1862, and admirnj 
2 April 18(HJ. He died in London on 3 Jan. 
1870. Hemnrrietl in 1827 Ix)uisa Elizabeth, 
daughter of Humphrey IjOwc of Broou^rovtr 
in AVorrestershire. 

(f.»"Uyme*s Nnv. Biog. Diet.; Timoi", 13 Jan. 
1870; Armv and Nary (ra»'tle. 6 Jan. 1870,- 
UniU-U Serv. Muff. 1870, pt. i. 20O.] .T. K. L. 

HASTINGS, WAHUEN (1732-1818), 
govemnr-geDcral of India, bom ot Churchill 
in Oxfordshire on ti Dec. 1732, wns son of 
Pynnston (or Pt-nyston) Hostings (b, 1708)^ 
by Hestfr Warren, Iiis wile. His grand- 
father, nlnoPenyston Hoatings, was rector nf 
Dityk'sford in Worcestershire; the manor- 
bouse and land had alwi belonged to hia 
family, but had l>i?en sfdd in 17ir» by re&aon 
of embarrossmenta arising onl of the civil war 
of the preceding century. HastingK paRsod 
his earlier years at Dayleiford in the rectorj-, 
and used al^erwards to relate that even at 



I 




Hastings 



»57 



Hastings 



th&L enrlv age hfthad already bei^un (o drt'nm 
Sof repurcbasin^ the estate. In 1740 liis (mIu- 
cation was unaertaken by his fatluT'ft elder 
brother, Howard Hasting*, a. cli'tk in the 
Jjondon customs, who (<i'nt hiui to school, 
first at N<m'ingtnn Butts, and afterwards 
to WeKtmitister. Here he wou the favour 
of Dr. NicoU, the heud-miister, oiid bt'enme 
popular tmoughifi schoolfellows. In 17-17 lie 
WS8 admitted to the foundation as firal king's 
Lftcholorof his jear. Elijah ImiKV [<).v.] was 
|£>urth, sltbouiib Hostiiijr^'s senior in years. 
' On the death ot'his imclf Ho\vanl,the charge 
of the boy devolved on ti Rimrdinn who lind 
some interest at the India otliee, and n-solved 
on Mndtnghim out inlhe civil service of the 
-Conaiiany. NieoU protested in voin against 
the romovnl of so promif-ing a scholar, and 
"iastings was sent to a private tutor's to hn 
Biialified for his position. In October IToO 
ne landed at Calcutta, Hi>4 duties were at 
^first connected solfdy with mercantile buiii- 
Lneaa, which still chjefiy occupied the com- 
«nyV' In 17o3 he was sfnt up to Ka-eim 
laxar, tlien the cotnmcrcisl pubiirh of Mur- 
ihidAbad,the peat of tbft native povf?nimt*nt, 
^ whif:h lisd alreadv ditfieuUios with the Cal- 
cutta factory. AV^iihin two years Hastings 
became a member of the Kasim Bazar coun- 
r cil, but in 1750 the nawab marched against 
ICttlcuttn.wtnc^hetook [s»^Hoi.wkl[.,Joiix 
IZKPHA.MAHJ.and lin-^tinu" W)i« thrown into 
lpri*on at .Miin-hidabad. He dm-.s not appear 
|t»hnvelMt>nill-tri'atts],und wiui soon at^er set 
|«t l:l»Tty, the head of llie Dutch facton,- ut 
IChtnsuro being his security. Meanwhile his 
Calcutta colleagues had taken refuge in a fort 
"ndougingtothenawab'»peopli;atFalta,afew 
ailes below Calcutta, on the Hughli river, 
_nd here ihev *>oon became atrn itened for pro- 
risiona, until Hastings joined them and euc- 
peeded by his influence with the natives in 
fumlthiiig them with F«upplifj<. Here, in the 
beginning of 1757, be raarriwl hia fir»t wife, 
the widow of a Captain Campbell, t^hc died 
L few years later, as did both the children that 
■be bore him. After the recouijuest of Cal- 
attafneCuTK, Roiikkt] Ha-Mings whs sent 
f Murshiddbad as resident at'^tlie court of the 
new nawab. He kept up a regular correspond- 
mce with Clive, now governor in Calcutta, 
md hip* earlier letters show inejqK^rience and 
tivdulity. Against which CHvo was obliged 
warn him. He also ranic into conflict 
K-ith Hiija Nand Kumar (the nawab's de- 
puty) as to Iheir re-ipvtive functions and 
luriKlirtion.but Clive with considerate firni- 
acss a<yuBted the difficulty. Early in 17*h» 
CliTe U'ft the country, ond hia sucressor, 
'^Ifolwell, determined to dep<ise the nawdb, 
Wir Jaffier, and to nrpUce him by Mir iCdsim, 



his rainisler and son-in-law. Hastings bore 
a subordinate part in this revolution, but had 
no share in the gifts that were distributed ou 
that occasion among the members of council. 
He continued fur st)me months at his pattof 
resident, but iuKKl wns summoned to council 
in Calcutta, wliere the government had l)fteii 
assumed by A'auaittart. The new nawab, Mir 
Kasim, showwl ffreat annoyance at the con- 
duct of the BritiSi officials, who were passing 
their own private onsignments free of transit 
duty, and lending their flog to pass consign- 
ments that belonged to others. The most 
active of thf.'Re olKciala wa.^ Ellis, head of the 
factory at. Tat mi, and thither Hastings pm- 
ceedeu, onihe n.'ijuesl of Vansiftart, in order 
to effect a reform in the tnin.s:t system anil 
an agreement butwi^n Klli»< and the nawab. 
He arrived at Patna in April 17lli?, but found 
him«;elf unable to conciliate Ellis. His des- 
patchtjs, however, attracted the attention of 
Vansittart to th»' abuses and oppre^^^ions 
under which the people were sufU'riug, and 
Hastings drew up a paper in which be aimed 
fttsucharcgidation oftlietraiBcaashould pro- 
tect thft nawab und his subjects without pre- 
judice to the company's rights. Tlie present 
Rtate of things, as ho truly observed, * bodet! 
no good, either to the nawdb's revenue or to 
the quiet of the country, or the honour of our 
nation.' Articles were accordiogly framed by 
the governor on the basis rocomnien<led by 
Hastioga, which the nawab readily adopted 
and immediately promulgated. The majority 
of the Calcutta council indignantly repu- 
diated the arrangement, and the nawdb at 
once declared the duties entinfly abrogated 
and the wholo trade free. 

Hastings, who had rejoined his post in Cal- 
cutta, was now in a trying position. A\TiiIe 
the nawab denounced him as a traitor, his 
colleagues in cotincil abused him for par- 
tiality to the nawdh; and one of them naminl 
Hatjton, in thf Iit'Ht of d»'bate, struck Hast- 
ings in opi'U council, an act for which, how- 
ever, he had to make an ample apologj*. 
Both the nawdb and the British now pre- 
pared forvrar, Patna was token and retaken, 
Ellis and all his followers were killed by the 
nawdb's orders; but the British force from 
Calcutta Sijon exacted a stem retribution. 
The nuwah wfi>t defeated and driven into 
exilp, and Mir Jaflier ^e^1o^.'d. 

In Beceml)er 17*U Haslings returned to 
England by the Modwoy, I'jist Indiaman. 
While his colleagues had been making their 
fortunes by corruption and private trade, he 
had continued honourably poijr. He was, 
however, able to buy an annuity of UOO/. for 
the widow of his uncle Howard, who waa 
lef^ in poverty, and to pass vomc years in Ixin- 



Hastings 



13^^^ Hastini 



duo, ket^piiiff liinuelf bHfun* the India tlou^se 
witli a vii'w 10 Bpt'fdy ro-oinplavmL-nt. In 
tboiDvuiitiiui-'bib aciive mind uad struck out 
tUt'projoct for r III' imiirovemtinl of the mincU 
and habits of Indian cirilian?, aftfrwardjt 
rciili.sffl liy tho Eiisl India t'ollftre iit Hailey- 
bury; iind bn (ulno without hiiinedlatt? huc- 
4:e»s) Hiid«ftvoiirt*J to briiiK about the founda- 
tion of a professorship of i'cman at the uni- 
Tersity of Dxfnrd. lli' occupied h\s loisure 
in study and Utttrary {society, and miido the 
AcquniutAnct; of Ur. JohnKon, with %%*hom 
he aftenviird^ occasionally corrttspondod. In 
aendinjf Johnsons letters to Bfwwell, Hast- 
ings speak* of bis ' veneration for your gT"**!- 
and good frimid ' { H u.t., liumcell, ii. tHt)- f'"* 
tirst ofthi^iie, daLcd iit) March 1774, is to in- 
troduce 'uiy ilt'ar Mr. Cliiuubers/lhen ^(nrxf^ 
loCnlcutluufiaiu^gjjy^udgeof ihenewlycou- 
tititul^d supremo court [«ou Cuaja m^im, Sib 
iCofiUiTJ. In 17UU IIiuitiag6 appeared as a 
witness Ijoforc a committoe nf (In; House of 
C< iminuns, and gave evidence on Indian 
ull'au>, which appears to have attriicted the 
favourable notic*; of the court of directors. 
£arly in 17tit> he wa« sent out to Aludrns 

I second in council, but ku low wore bis rv- 

Durces that he had to borrow t bo money ro- 
fjuirod for bi^ iiaasago oud outfit. 

Among bift fidlow-paasengers on board the 
lJukeof(JraP[on wore the Baron and Baroness 
von Imhoff. The baron.who had been an oiHeiT 
in the army of n minor I ierman etate, had ol>- 
tiiined the recommendation of Queen Char- 
lotte, and was procf.>ediug I0 Madras, ost«u- 
aibly to seek employment in the local army, 
but with Some i lew tu portralt-painlinjif. An 
intintHcyMpran^iip hMtwoon lla.stiiig'siindtlio 
bflrone--ta, fa\ouii*a by the husband's neglect, 
nnd also by a severe iUness, through which 
IIoitiugB wa^ nursed by the wife. Next year 
Imhotf went on to Calcutta, leavingthe lady 
at ]kladras. At tbeendofI771 I lastiugs was 
iippoint*'d governor of lien^al, in the ri:iom of 
Mr. Carf.ier, who wa-i retiring, and in Fe- 
bruary 1772 he arrived in Calcutta. Baroness 
Imlio'tr had preceiied him in t>ctober 1771 
^BtiVEKliinK, The Triahtf yamia Kumar). 

(■rear cbttiiges had taken place in Bengal. 
^I'land Kiimnr had been discovered in a trefi- 

onable corn'spondence, hod l>ccn de]>rived of 
bis post at Mursbithtbad, and sent in a kind 
of o^H-n arrest to Calcutta. Clive luid returned 
tothe government and command of the army: 
the unmanageable council hud been super- 
jjcded in pmcticjil cmccms by a committee of 
three; them hud come an end to the corrup- 
tion, spoliation, waste of public money, and 
Abuse of private trade. The relatious i>f the 
tidoncy with the cuipcrorand ibeNuwab 

iTaxir of Oudh bad been settled, the emperor 



luivingbeen provided for.tiud an alliance niad»1 
with the UBwah; no rt^-ttraint was impot^cLI 
on hie independence, and a defensive alliance^] 
was agreed on betweenbimnnd tbeKiistIiulia,| 
Compony, on thccondition that whenever bo ' 
should require the aidofthecompunj-'siroopa 
he should pay their e\{K!n.se» while so em- 
ployed (//wk*** i^f G/mm»Jijf' Urd Kep. App. 
■W(i). Vested with the beneticiary collectiou 
of the revenues of the three provinces, the 
British rulers had found it necessary to make 
the collections themM'lvc* instead of merely 
accounting with the imwtib'3 officials, af- 
though they did not clearly perceive how 
this was to be done. Meanwhile the entire 
administrntion was in confusion. In 177Utbe 
couuTtv had been scourired hv famine. 

' at I-' 

rnor ihat the rouipunv al lur^I deter- 

mintjff to 'stand forth as diwan.' in oilier 
words to sweep away all native agency in the 
control of revenue and finance Qdminiatmtion. 
The deputy diwun^ of Bengal ond Bihar were 
to be dismissed and brougiit to trial for mal- 
versation, llaja Nand Kumar being employed 
in the nnwocution. The revenue appeared • 
incapable of incrcese, but the debt was grow-^ 
iug. The company was threatened with in- ■ 
w,>lvency, wbde the ministers of the crown 
were looking to it for loons and testing it« 
right to exist by its financial prosperity,- 
Such were some of the problems which were 
to occnpT Uoatings rmd troublethc remainder 
of bis lu'e. 

One of the first matters which the direc- 
tors commended to the attention of the new 
governor was the inquiry into the conduct 
of Slialab lEai and MLihaumd BoJLa Kluin the 
two depuly-f!ovcrniii"s. by wluifte ageney tho 
coUeetion^and liscal adiuinisirutionhad been 
formerlv carried out. Ilaja Nund Kumar wa^ 
engaged in the ]ireparaiion of the evidenca, 
against them, and jiossibly expected to be put 
into the place of one or Iwlh of them on their 
conviction. Thedireciors never con tern platc*d 
this. The court took care tu remind Hast- 
ings of Nand Kumar's cliaracter as a reason 
for excluding liim from iKiwer. Indeed from 
the facts given by Klphinstone, who refer* 
especially to the Uouse of Coramnns* 3rd 
Keport, it is abundantly clear that during 
Ha^'tings's absence the raja had been con- 
stantly cimdemned by Clive, by Vnnsittart, 
and by Colonel John Camac [q. v.] In the 
end the nija was unable to bring forward any 
good evidence; the deputies were acnuitted, 
and Nand Kumar got nothing. HjuttingM 
thus disappointed this unscrupulous nativtt 
8talei!man, and increased the feeling of hos- 
tilitv which the raja entertained for him, 
whiie be w&a unable ttudor lus orders from 



I 



A 



Hastings 

liomu to conciliate the otkera by restoring 
them lo llM>ir poMn. 

^ 'The three provinc-esnfBengal,On8sa,Bnd 
Dlhiir beiug now an intecuBl \HTt of the 
Cf^mpunTS territories to be odministeretl 
by tin,' conipiiny's aecDts, it became doubly 
tiKCtMiry I hut tbt> Europtian olEciala &bould 
obtnin u knonleJge of the estates which 
formed the main ataels of the gorenuoent. 
KxjK-n^'K weru at once reduced; but until 
I hiT»' wu<* a correct notion of the value of the 
n.'Vi'iiue-paviiitr propt'rtipi*, nu'ro ecnuuniy 
«-ould Im' o^ Utile avail. It wa.-* an eMeiitial 
jNirT <i{ tbo new system of 'standiiifc forth 
as diwiin ' that malvenation in collecting: 
the revenufl and concealment of liability 
til contribute t^hould he p«]ually suppirssed. 
Ila^lin^fS clearly perL-eiv-ed and fraveetft'ct lo 
this principle. I. iideterred by the seaeon h« 
*ont out acommijisionof survey in June 1771?, 
and accompanied it in person for a few 
morchc!? to tt* to »rnrt the work. At the 
SJUBB 1 ime be at rocked mouopolists and beg^an 
to make provision for judicial and admiuis- 
tiHtivt? reform. All these exertions, he ob- 
«'r%«d in a l»*ttcr written at the time, not 
only overburdened him with work and di*- 
compOiHRd hi« tenipur, but they tended to 
l^tmy all his other powers ' by arming my 
nd afloat ever>' man, and every man's, 
' coun>«f against me.' lie would nut. how- 
r, give way to his dinicultics. * My whole 
ae,' he ^Toie to another comnpondeDt, 
all my thoughts, I may add all my 
■iOMp ye devoted to the service of tbo 
nyjJ^opaaKd the year 1773, not with- 
it tokens of apprnvnl and assurance of 8ii|»- 
Drt fmm the India Iloniu? in J^ondon. Karly 
I the year Bart)n Imhotf went to (iennuny, 
krbifre be instituted a suit f(ir divorce from 
bin wife. In the following yt*flr a further 
jigB was found advi^ble in tin- mflchinery 
^tbe land revenue. The English collectors 
rem fuund inadei]ua(e and incxpurit^nced, 
rbile the people pulVered under their ' heavy 
They wert* therefore removed t<» make 
[>Qi far native revenue olHcer*,whL>se ability 
knowleilk'*.' could be gtiaranteed, atid 
I hose hone*ly wiisiobe watchvdhy theliest 
European agt'iicyat thoromuinnd of guvern- 
aent. Six divuinn** wen- creatwl by group- 
Dg the diatrictd, and put under {jrovinctal 
[>unciifi, for the formation of which com- 
Mt*ni Kuropeao officers were apnun/ntly 
' [Might more easily obtainable. TIu« idea 
pf nul ive agtmry under comw'tent Kuropean 
[intrul wa-H. likf moat of Hastings':) iib-aat 
fined to take d'.t^p root in Auglo-ludian 
Raint. 

^■gBrd to the administration of justice 
lUreB Tvi*re no leas faivaeeing. lie put 



Hastings 



'and 



tbani 



the native courts in the interior entirely 
under the con t rol of t he head revenue officers, 
with a chief court for criminal apjteiiU at the 
seat of government under a native chief jus- 
tice. A court of civil appeal sat al^i in 
Calcutta, the whole being controlled in tho 
last resort by theg<i%-emor in council. Where 
b<itb parties wt-re European Itritish subjects, 
KngliKli law was admimstervd iuthd'mayors 
court,' and there waa also a. court of small 
cauM's for Caleulta. 

In all these reforms lurkotl elementa of 
provocation to class prejudices and even to 
vested interests. Muhatuad I{A7ji and Shatab 
Hai were indignant at having been tried, 
Nund Kumar was vexc<l at their acquittal, 
while the young civilians wer e aorc at tbo 
employment of natives and the valuation of 
the estates ; foremost in their ranks being 
John Shore, afterwards l>rirdTeigumouthiaua 
one of llaittings's successors and admirers, 

AVhilu the.<e cares were occupving Hast- 
inff3 he was suddenly involved in external 
allairs. The province of Katahr had been 
couquerwl some ttfly years before by a band 
of Afghan adventurers called Kohillas. from 
whom it had received the name of IJoltilkand. 
Lying bt-tween tlio eastern frontier of the 
Oudh dowinionft and the R[»eeial domain of 
the emperor, and constantly liable to Mah- 
rattu iuvaaioii IVom the southward, it was 
becoming a kind of chronic sore in the bosom 
of Hindustan. Though impotent agaiiuft the 
Mahrat loa, the RohilUu fought bitterly among 
themselves, while theoripnalpopulation was 
rack-rented and left without protection to life 
and property. So we are informed by a con- 
tempiiriineoiiR Kohilla writer iHajiiltok, 
Jiuton/ of thf JioiilltiM). In 177:i the nawab 
of Oudh, who was also hereditnrj- vaEir of 
tbo empire, made a treaty with the Kuhillax, 
by which he covenanted to cxjifl the Mah- 
rutlos from their country on cou-^ideration <if 
a payment of money, lie executed hi- part 
of the engagement, yxpt-lling the Mahrattas 
by the middle of the ensuingycar, Hethen 
called on the Kohilla sirdars to pay the dum 
promised ; though ninny of them were willing, 
the ' protector' of the state — a sort of regent, 
for the minor chieftain — refuM^d. 1'hen thu 
nawab, having obtained sanction from the 
emperor, prepared to foreclose, by occupying 
the province, end called upon "the Dntish 
govemmpnt of Calcutta to supply a brigade, 
as required by the trpaly of ulliauce of 1704 
(Mill, HUtonj, with Wilson's notes, bk. v. 
ch. t. ; al!w> IUmu.tos, y/w/wi-y of the Jio- 
Ailfai). Ilai^tings at unce complied, llie 
Hohillan were overthrown after a aliari) en- 
gagement ; some severities were uwd, and the 
fightingmenwcre deported acTOsathe Ganges. 



^ 




ilsstio^ inini*?<luilely wrote to tli« ririti*h 
resilient at the nawab's eajnp, urging htm to 
tise his Lofluence to mitigate all h&rihneisa, 
and to impTv«8 on the nawab that English- 
men disapproved ' with abhorrence of erery 
species of uihumanit}: and oppression.' Mill 
nghtly condemn the home AiithnhtieK. who 
found fault with the action of Hastings and 
ret mode no amends to the Uohi1Is.s. ' Tbev 
were so mufJi the leoA excusable thancLeVazir 
and Mr. Ilastingf that theae actors in the ficene 
denied its injustice' (Mill, bk. t. ch. i.) 

In 1773 llutin^ recorded on the minutes 
of council a paper on the principles of crimi- 
nal jtutice, OB applied to the offence of dacoity 
or gang robbery, then and long aft*?r prera- 
lent in Bengal. In 1771 the same sufcgect 
again attracted Hastings's att«ntion, and the 
employment of special nat ire magi»t rate's wa^ 
the plan which commended !t«elf to him. He 
maile the complaint, often repeated aincchis 
time, that one cause of the evil vras ' the 
regiilarity and precision which has been in- 
troduced in our courts of justice.' He de- 
sired to reTert to the old sammury process of 
nstire government*, who were wont to trace 
the landholders by whom the dacoits were 
maiutaiued. and to proceed against them. 
He WBjt thus for introducing the non-regulft- 
lion ^'8tem even before the regulations tncm- 
Belvec. 

Btiforo Ihew matters had been finally dis- 
posed of, a great change UMik place iu Itengnl 
politics. Uptoiluit time the council in Cal- 
cutta had conf^istcd of a large number of offi- 
cials holding other po^ts. and the executive 
r^wtir had been abflorlxMl by a rommitte** nf 
hhree, of which the governor wa." iiresideut 
■-irith a casting vote. It was thus tliat (.'live 
liad been able tocorrvoiittlieutipalatahle re- 
, forms ofhis second ailminiflrntioii [see Cr.T\T3]. 
|£ut now, in virtue of the ' Itegulating Act/ 
r a new council of fi vi was created, three being 
sent out from home. Hustings was declared 
governor gen jral with a nrngiuficent salarv, 
but with only a single vote in the council. 
At the same time a supreme court of justice 
■was established with vague general powen*; 
■and the four judges sent out lo hnid that 
court., whose cnii'f wom T"Iiistin^,'s's old sphool- 
fellow Impey, were, like the new couurillors, 
entini strangers to India, The court, being 
composed nf prof(?e*ieil Inwycrfi, did its duty in 
a technical and jealcuiH H]»irit. The council- 
lor!?, bis^m-rl BgaiuNt Atifi^lo-Indians, acted as 
. if hounil by u mutual pleflge to oppose Hast- 
ings and Kichtrd Barwell fq. v.], hie old col- 
league and pr^^^nt supporter. Muhamad 
[Haxa and Nand Kumar and some of the civil 
I iervants were ready to supply inlormation. 
From secret hints the new councillors evolved 



an impated fabric of corruption. SpecUie 
charges of corruption were sent in by Nanc] 
Kumar tothecouQcilon 11 March, ifosttiigs 
and Barwell withdrew from the council, when; 
theirhonour was being di&cuss«^, and in April 
1776brotight a case of cont^pLracy against the 
nija and two Englishmen named Fowke ; 
I lasting» having al ready writ r^n home threat- 
ening to realign if not ^upjwrted by the direc* 
tore. But before the cuispiracy c«««* could 
ripen for decision Nand Kumar was suddenly 
arrested fti May 1775) on a charge of forgery 
instiMted by a native, with some appearancW 
of aoMstance from Ihirhom, tlie odvocate- 
generaL Whether Durham woA realty theinsti- 
gator.andfif so, was act ing under instruct ionfl 
from Hastings, or whether he was prompted 
to assist tlio complainant by a desire to ex- 
tort money out of a rich man whom he knewr 
to be in trouble, is among the unsearchable 
secrets of history. The quarrel bctin-Fen th« 
raja and the o»tea»ibIe complainant wa.4, iu 
any case, one of several vears' standing, and 
an action Iiad been twice part heard — iu 
which the all-ged forgen- had been used — 
Ijeforetheestablishmeut of the supreme court. 
Nand Kumar was committed by two jupt ices 
on the d«y of hit* arre&t ; the grand jury found 
a true bill', iind the trial commenced on 8 June 
and last nil more than a we(>k. Oti the morn- 
ing of It) June the raja was found guilty sjid 
sentenced to death, all the judges concurring. 
The sheriff fixed •"» Aug. for the execution, 
which took place accordingly. The conduct 
of the chief justice. Sir Klijah Tmpcv [q. v.]^ 
wns oft-envords impugned by the tiouso of 
(.'omm<m9,and he wiiJ^iltreatened with nn im- 
peachment for his share in iheMe prwewling*, 
but he defended himself with Rucce^s. In 
the subf^equent impeachment of Hastings the 
matter wn* revived hv Burlce, but was held 
irreleviint. and Burke Ijad to submit to a pub- 
lic reprimand from the hou-w, 4 Moy 1789 
( Uoxi>, A/wvAm, &c. ii. \1'2). ( M ill's account 
of these transactions i« coiTected in manv 
places by the notes in H. H. Wilson's tdi- 
tion of the ' Hi.*tor\' of India.' UMA) 

Mncaulay's famous account of those pro- 
ceeding:* is that of a reckless advocate, not 
of a judicial critic. There is no attempt at 
serious demonstration either that Hastings 
believed Nand Kumur innocent, or that be 
inspired the prosecution t'or forgerj-. An at- 
tentive examinttiion of the fucta will show 
that the chief justice was only one of a num- 
ber of perHona who wore satisfied that N&ndl 
Kumar deserved his fote. .\mong those jier- 
snns wrt^ the native historian of the time. 
There is no evidence that Hiistioga thought 
otherwise, or that he had any ground for in- 
terfering to prevent the law from taking its 



I 



I 



A 



Hastings 



T41 



Hastings 



course, if indeed he bod the reqaisito power. | 
It is true that Ilii9ting8,affaiiist aitfOvmiuUg- ' 
ramt.and und«r protest, had lately employed 
Nund Kumar. H-? had also provided for the 
Bon. But. he had never conwaleii the di»- 
rru9t of Nnnd Kumar wliich he shartrd with 1 
most Anglo-Indian vtntevmen of the fjeriod. | 
lie had lately declared hi* enmity ujieuly, ! 
jind inittituted a chari^eof eonsjjiracy in which 
Nand Kumar vra» included. Immediately 
<ipon the openinf^ uf the new supreme court, 
and before the in»titution of the con«pimry 
charge, a solicitnr named Driver had rmewed 
an application, made in the mayor's court, 
pravinfT for the delivery of papers, amoii|^ 
whicli was an in-itrument on which hitt client 
pr*>pos<'^l to prosecute Nand Kumar. (The 
petition IS dated in January 1775, and refera 
Co a former petition of March 1774.) About 
the aame timo Hastings finally broke with 
Naud Kumar, and forbade bis appearaoco at 
Government House. On 1 1 Slarcb Nand 
Kumar jireferred to the rouncil his charges of 
corruption a^iinst Hii«tiii(^8, wlio was called 
upon to aiittwer to tlie chargex, and n>fiiscd 
to sjipear nt the bar of hia owii council. In 
April Nand Kumar and his Oj-sociates were 
' committed fur conspiracy, avowedly on the 
jttotion of the povernor-gt-neral. Meanwhile 
the proceedingfi of Driver's client had been 
institut(.>d, an«l Nand Kumor was, in May, 
cotnmitti'd on a charjife of forgery by two 
magistrates, who havi^ never been shown to 
have been creatures of Hasting I^Stbphes, 
fil/ftry Iff NftnTtimnr, ch. ix.) Thes«; facts are 
tyvrapalilile with the very simple suj)pusition 
that the prosecuiiun was underiaken on pri- 
vale pounds, thouf^h not without knowledge 
^ihat the state of public affairs was opportune. 
Meanwhile Hastings was busy with Indian 
law. The peculiar code of the Suunites or 
. orthodox Muslims hud already been made 
into adigest under the Emperor Aurungzeb. 
Bnt the Hindu law was only to be found 
acattere*lovera number of Sanscrittext-lMMiks 
of various date and uuthurily. Hastings 
therefore invited the U-8t known experts to 
Calcutta, and charged them with the com- 
jiijntinn of a volume of which he afterwards 
4-aiiSKl an Knglish translation to be made bv 
Naihnniel Dra:«6cyHalhed \i.v.1,i*endinK »u- 
ranced sheets to Lord Manst^'lu in England. 
In 1775 Hastings began a further attempt 
to moke gang-robbery the subject of 6[)ecial 
le};i»lation. Hut theopposition in btHCOiincil 
object ed to the punishment of t he harbourers, 
and the scheme collap^d. Xor did he ne- 
glect any fair opportunity of extending the 
jnfluenc** of his employers, or of adding to 
the knowledge of jieiglibouriiig nations — 
xneaj^euough — which Kogl ishn) en then pos* 



sessed. A small war with hill tribes on 
his northern frontier opened commitnications 
with the Teshu lama of Thibet, and a diplo- 
matic mistnon was sent into that remoiH 
and still mysterious region. It was heach'd 
by Georoe Bogle [q.v.J, and a detailed ac- 
count of the proceedings and reeults will bo 
found in Morkham's 'Xarrativea/ London, 
ld7ts. 

Meanwhile the revenue raised for the com- 
pany in Calcutta showed but little improve- 
ment. Hastings had stopn^d some of the 
drains on it; thetribiit^jio tacem|>erorceased 
when he threw aside Itntish protect ion, and 
the districts which had been assigned to him 
wore transferred, for a considerution, to the 
uawab of (liidh. iSome militjirv reductions 
were efleoted, not without friction, and th» 
allowance to the titular ruler of Bengal waa \ 
also diminished. An attempt wag made to 
swell the receipts by giving the company a 
benelifial interest in ihe sale of opium to the 
Chinese. The production and distribution 
of this dmg hati Iwun held as a peniuisite by 
the members of the Patiia council; it was 
now farmed for a term of years, and the pro- 
ceeds credited in the puhfic accounts. The ] 
conduct of Hastings in this matter becams 
the subject of one of the charges afterwards 
brought against him ; but it at once ajmeared 
that he had suppresst'd an abuse to the ad- 
vantage of the state. Moreover, the court 
of directors lisd covered his act by their 
exprufrS nppnihation. 

In spite of all eftorts the finances continued 
to ebb. The court made urgent demands for 
remittances: the exche<fuer in Calcutta was 
ao drained thot the governor-genera! could 
not cash his own salary hills, and had to 
borrow monev for his persona] expenses. The 
minor prettidcncioa were equally destitute. 
At Sural the Bombay government cnde(i«j 
voured to raise money by lending troop* to"^ 
Kagoba, a claimant to the office of (»eshwa. t 
The niaiority in the Calcutta council cnn- 
celle<l the arrangement, and although Ka- 
goba 's cause wiu-* espoused by the court of 
directors, Hastiuifs was unable to enforce tho 
policy of his employent. In .September 177tl, 
however, Monson,one of the hostile memberaj 
ofcouncU.diefl.andllasting^ibtained tempo*] 
rarj'po^r, of which bereaved Xa take ad- 
vantage. He began by removing the jobbing 
provincial councils, and putting the inleninl 
administration under agents who might Iw 
trusted to do their beet for the land revenue. 
Early in 1777 he proceeded to record his inten- 
tion to ' mako the liritish nation paramount t n 
India, and to accept of the aNegian^of stich 
of ''lur neighbours*as shall sue to be enlisted 
among the friends and allies of the king of 



Hastings 



142 



Hastings 



(m-at llrituin* i I-tter to A. Elliott. \'2 Jan. 
1777. an. »iLEn;i. 

AmiJst tln>-!e acts of estate adt'spatch sud- 
d-nly ivacb'Hl him wh-^rvby ho learned that 
thorT**i^n:itioniMnditirtnallytendere<Unl775 
ha<l bfv-ii handi\l in hy hi* asynt^ in London, 
and aco-'pttnl there, t >n h'-arinirof thi^ (n'neral 
I'laverinc. tho c-mimander-in-chief. instantly 
avsllnIt^l the ortiiv of p>roraor-(renoral. and 
demanded the key? of F^rt William. Hast- 
iniT* r.'fu^ to yield, and a dead-lock ensued 
wbieh miirht hare led to civil war but for 
the iniblic spirit shoim on all sides. Both 
claimants airri'ed to abide 1>t the arbitration 
of the suprvrae court, and the judges decided 
in favour of llajstinir*. thereby — as Hastings 
afterwanlsacknowledired— savinffhishonour, 
safety, and rt^putatton. Olaverin!? wxm af- 
terwatsls dit'il of dysentery-, and Hasting? 
■was left for the lime with but one op|kinent 
in council, llut that opp«ment was Philip 
Fnincistl740 l^:!?*! "q.v." 

On 8 Auir. 1777 llastincrs married hia 
baron-^ss. a divon-e having- l»een at last ob- 
tained by Imhotl" in the ( ierman courts. The 
lady was by this time thirty years of ajfe, and 
is describeil by ladies of the time as elegant 
and prac^^ful, dressing^with taste rather than 
fashion, and wearing a profusion of beautiful 
Qubum curls. She had been living in pood 
r»^pute under the protection of her mother 
since her arrival in Calcutta, and the mar- 
riaire do.'< not seem to luive caused any 
sc-.indal. NothiniT can be mory» characteristic 
tU:in the quiet tenacity with which Hastings 
cnrrit'd on this stnin^re and pmtmcted love 
ntVair; indeed it onlv ceased with his Ion;; 
life. 

IWinff now in a position to n^ali^e his own 
plans. Hastings gave up all thoui;htsof retir- 
ing ; Francis found. Indeed. an ally in Wheler, 
the new councillor sent out fmrn home; but 
the cninmander-in-chief. Sir Kyn' l\xite, was 
usually amenable to reason, and Harwell con- 
tinued to vote with the govtTnor-general. 
In 177s Hastings was able to resume the 
support of Uagoba's cause, and also to o]»cnite 
against the French settlements in India. His 
niL-a-iin's were not at lirst successful. The 
IJonib:iv pf)vernmont was disunited and in- 
ertioient, and no aid could be obtained from 
^Madras. Colonel Le-^lie. who commanded 
the expeditionary fonv, died bef ire anything 
couM be done. His successor. Colonel Thomas 
( ioddard <{. v.~. however, so<in showed himself 
^vortlly oi'ihe occasion, defeating the armies 
of Sindhia an<l Holkar. and occupying tho 
capital of ftujral. I'Vancis in vain opposed 
the gDvernor-general's measures, and com- 
ilaints were raised at home against the war. 
iJut it was easily shown that Hastings had 



I 



not been the aggressor, but was acting on th& 
defensive with nis usual far-sighted resolu- 
tion. From the evidence recorded by Grant 
J Duff (ffutt. of the MaAratftu), it is clear thflt 
I the confederacy between the Mahrattaa and 
Uaidar, which Hastings checked, had for its. 
! object the expulsion of British power from 
' the whole of AsiiL 

A French officer was with the enemy at 
' Poona ; a French contingent accompanied 
I Haidar in his simultaneous attack on the Car- 
natic. and took part in the defeat and capturv 
of Colonel Itaillie's force. The nizam's army 
■ was officered by Frenchmen, and Louis XVI 
' had been persuaded to league himself against 
England with the king of Spain and the re- 
! volted colonies in North America. In India 
' the strufiTfrle was almost desperate. Limited 
as were his resources, Hastings struck in all 
I directions, and stnick hard. Sindhia's for- 
tified capital, Gwalior, was taken by escalade 
I in August 1780, and the subsequent suc- 
- cesses of Colonel Camac dissolved the con- 
! federacy. Hastings took the daring step of 
' suspending the governor of Madras, by which 
' he strained the constitution, but saved the 
; presidency ; at the same time he reinforced 
it with money and with men under Coote. 
, The nizam was pacified, vacillation on the 
part of the Bhonsla of Berar was arrested, 
and that wavering chief converted into a 
I staunch friend. | Hastings laid down the 
maxim, never ti_be overlooked in Eastern 
, affairs, that 'acts which proclaim confidence 
and a determined spirit in the hour of ad- 
' versity are the surest means of retrieving it/ 
I By pushing in eveir direction what his op- 
I ponents called ' frantic military exploits ' (but 
in which really very little blood was spilt),. 
he kept his own provinces free from war, and 
in the remaining possessions of the company 
restored a falling cause. In spite of some 
misfortunes on land, and some trouble at sen 
arising from the ability of the BailH de- 
Suffren, the French admiral, Hastings drove 
Haidar out of the Camotic. In 1782 Haidar 
died ; and the treat vofSalbai, concluded early 
next year with his eon, Tippu Sultan, laid 
the foundation of British ."supremacy in India,, 
and detined the position of other states. 
Li The British governor-general was already 
taking the place of the effete Delhi empin*' 
in regard to all those states which depended 
up<»n British protection. Even the princes of 
the Ilajputs, the most ancient ruling houses 
in the world, had always paid tribute to that 
eiii])ire. The Mahrattas similarly held to 
ransom their own tributary and protected 
state*. It was in accordance with native 
practice and opinion that the British govern- 
ment in Calcutta should do likewise. The^ 



Hastings 



M3 



Hastings 




pKlKKHmt power protoct*^! the minor states, 
■wl ihe minor state* compensated for tlie 
protection bv contributions of monfy nnd 
^^. AmoTify I liM feti<latorie8 of Rt>n^nil none 
*>* more pmlert***!, (ir puid leas for his pn>- 
J**tion, than Itaja Clmit Singh, zemindttr of 
I j'^'hAKji. A denmnd was made upon him 
j ^* awtr-coniribiiiion of five lakhs of nipees. 
^ j^ ^ nja failt'd to comply, nor did hu f»end 
■■B*^ two th'tu^nml horet-mcn called for at a 
^^■^^rmoment at theinstanceof (.ieneralCoote. 
^^" AVhile matter* were iQ this condition about 
J ^ 'I*! middle of 1 780, a verr important change 
^*>oJ(pIwe. l^rwell.whooesupjKtrliti council 
"^'aa nec's^ar}- to JIn>itiiipB's ^iipremncy, btv 
^4me anxioufi to return to England. Francis 
>aa»cc"rdinKly lu-ked tonpree to * jmir' with 
him, and stfret-d not lo onpiiA:* the ((ovomor- 
peoeral in the conduct otihe Mahrattawar. 
rwell on this went home. After he wiw 
Hasting proposed to send a miR.tion to 
court of Ih-Ihifaml to check Maliratta 
pimderance by action in Ilindiu^taa. To 
is Krancia objecteii, allej^inj? that his a^eo- 
nl Iiad he«n misconstrued, and rfJaled 
ily to operations pending in the Dcccan 
wltcn the a^ijeement vraf^ made. irnsttn;i:s, 
tir^ of beinsr hampered, determined to risk 
his life in ri^moving the obstruction. He 
proToked Francis, bo as to make a duel ne- 
ceeMrr. They met at Alipore, a M>uthem 
suburb ofCalcuitA, at a.m. on 17 Aug. ITrtO. 
])elibeimtf>lr chi>f>sing a place full of tight, 
and making the .uecondu mea>>ure t lie Hhortest 
(li»tanct* they could be induced to adopt, 
Ilastinf^s received his adversary's fire, which 
lie instantly returned with such clFcct thnt 
Francis fyll dangen>u*ly wounded. Had 
Francis been killfd.Iingtmgs mui«t havebe«n 
formurdor. Had Hastingsfnllen, Krancia 
tuld, at lea^t till onother man could come 
it from home, or say f<ir eighteen months, 
Te had all the pfiwer;* and patnmdne of 
emor-general. A* it wan, the lmlH»il man 
1 to go back toKngland with a wounded 
|-^-&o*Jy, and a mind full of revenge. 
r %fyn U'ing left supreme iu council, Ilasttng? 
^^AlvsBed his donuind^ on the Kaja C^ha it 
^^■ngb, founding them on the c^sion nflhe 
H^Bvcrcignty of Benares to the ompiiny by 
the nawib of Uudh, to whom it had per- 
tnJqed. and on cogent militarr nfuwrns. In 
aly 17yi he proceeded to Benares lo eu- 
I his orders, but Iho raja resisted, some 
lftA!ing**gwpoys were cut up in the street, 
lie him-«elf had to make nis retreat to 
neighbouring fort of Chunar. Cbait 
ngh colled on the mother of the nawab 
Ihidh. with whom ho had an understand- 
Z. to .wnd men to hit nid, and brok»> into 
en revolt. But his revolt was soon quellwl. 





At one time indeed his forcoa were -within 
a few miles of Chunar ; but they effectisl 
nothing, and before the end of September 
thoy hftd been routed and their leader had 
fallen back on liij* la^t ><troiighoM. Hero he 
was captured on 10 Nor. ITHl, his treasun^ 
being distributed among the company's troops. 
Cbait Siugh was deposed, and hia xemindari 
bestowed upon his nephew (see Aflmflfuv, 
Hoorkee, \f<-->3). ^ 

The nownb-vaiir wns in debt to tho com- 
pany, and Hastings, whilt; yet at Chunar, 
pn:>i>o»ied an inter\'iew ou the subject. Th»? 
nawab came to see him there, antf doubt Ivss 
the cmversntion include*! some mention of 
the Hupport which the nawiib's mother hfld 
given to Chait Singh. The nawah declared 
that hi; could not meol his engagements tn 
the company; hta mother niid hi8 gnind- 
mother find appropriated a largo istate in 
land ; they had also converted to their own 
UHe a large ar<Mimu!ation of tn^asurc left by 
the late nawab. These acts of flpniiation hail 
been sanctioned by the majority of the Cal- 
cutta council. It was nnw proiKised, whether 
by thenawab or by Hantings naa never been 
determined, that partly to raise money anil 
partlyby way of punishment, the flofssnould 
be resumed, and tho treasure applied to the 
exigencies of the Oudh stnto ngreeubly ta 
the law of Islam. The dowagers replied 
with ^ihrill rnfusal, on which the nawab sur- 
rounded their luuse with a guard, put fome 
of their servants into light ircms, and, by a 
duress which ha.>i been much exaggerated, 
enforced his demand. Hastings Lad re- 
turned to Calcutta, but he intimated his dis- 
approval of all severity as soon as the ro- 
aident reported what had Iteen done. Thif? 
was the great case of tho * robbery of th& 
Ondh hegums,* which, indeed, waa'no rob- 
bery nt nil. But Hastingij is not altogether 
frw! of nisponsibilitv for anvihing that may 
liave been done amiss in thij* mritter. The 
land and money whirh were taken from tho 
dowagers hud been held l>v ihem fur some 
time, although perhaps without any legal 
right ; their possession, too. had been gua- 
ranteed by the British government, though 
BgaiuBt the opinion of tlie out-voled governor. 
From the comhtions of the case Hastings 
must have been aware that tho dowagers 
and their men would not disgoiye without 
reeistancf*. He wa«, however, ni-s*'rvpd by 
lhi> resident, an oHicinl who had been furreil 
npon him and in whom he never confidtNl 
(for im imnurtial account of these inins- 
actions sec Wilson, note to Mii.t., bk. v. e. 
\iii). 

During that year (1782) Hastings had been 
severelv taken to tosk bv the court of directors 



Hastings 



144 



Hastings 



for the affair of t'hnit Sing^h, and he Uad 
replied in h tono of (lijtnififd rfiuionstmnct; 
*0 the effect thai hi>L>n*T than consent to the 
' raja's panlon be would g^Ive up his station. 
In motU'Kt, but wlf-reliant words, he addwl 
/hat hi? nJministrotion would pi-rhmw here- 
M'tcr be looked on as having conduced to the 
interests of Iho company and to the honour 
of the Britiah nam*'. Th'3 court of proprie- 
tors reversed the adverse vote of the direc- 
tors, and Henry Oiinda^ un^erivardfi Viscount 
Melvilje) declanx) the conduct of UastingB 
defnurving of every kind of approval and sup- 
fion. 

In 1783 naAtingR, having ^ent liU wife 
to Knf^Iand, proceeded to Lucknow, where 
(under orders from home) he restored some 
of the downpors' landeil poiwesnions. Here 
aho ho met the Delhi crown prince, a fugi- 
tive from court, whomhe pen^uaded to re- 
Jura to his father, with an escort and a«- 
tances of cynipathy- In November 17H4 he 
returned to Calcuttn, and soon after laid 
down his office. Pn^viou^ly he held a general 
parudunfthelWngalarmy, just returned from 
the southern war. SworJs of honour were 
bestowwl on the chief ofticer*, and every boI- 
dier, UritisU or native, receiveil a medal and 
an increase of pay. Nor had llaatiugs been 
neglectful of tlie arts of peac*^. lie caused 
pTcat progrosB to lie made in the topoffniphi- 
cai (turvey (aee Majob ItEXNiiLi., ATtfTwir, 
tn]. 17.M, pp. til'lut passim). In the last yeer 
of his arlminifttration ho founded the Asiatic 
Society of Ilengal, Sir W. Jones [q. v,| being 
tho first president. l<'or the extension of 
Miialim culture, Hastings founded, jwrtly at 
his own charge, the Calcutta Madri.sa, «til] 
existing and carrying out its founder's de- 
aign. The last days of his residence in India 
were devoted toitchemes of financial rt^form, 
10 the receipt of farewell addresses, and the 
winding up of private concerns; letters of 
fiirewcll had also to be aent to tlie native 
chiefs. On 3 Fob. 1785 he dined at the Pow- 
der Works, ill company with a large number 
of hisfrieudd, andin the afternoon stepjted on 
boitr<l his barge in order to emburk on board 
the Harrington, which awaited him ntl' Har- 
den Ueiich. Haiitinga's ' Review of the State 
of Uengal,* L«mdou. 178C. written at sea in 
1780, duals primarily with finance, showing 
(hat the debt of 1772 had been cleared in 
twoyears.and explains the opium system and 
the nature of the resources of liengal. Jle 
givoa hifl views on land revenue, and ques- 
tions the proprietary rights of jtemindirs. 
He points out that he had been charged with 
too much responsibility, and protests against 
the injusticeof thoaccusationsimputed. His 
maximf as he declares, has been ' to do what 



he knew was requisite to the public safetr,! 
though he should doom hi« life to legal for-* 
feiture or his name to infamy.' 

Hastings landed in England on 13 JunsJ 
17J^j, and attended the next drawing-roon 
with his wife. His friends, privately anji 
publicly, were numerous and InfluentioL lal 
companv with Mrs. Hastings he visited some! 
of the English wateriuff- places, and looked! 
about for a country residence. He had saved ; 
S(),000/., no exorbitant fortune after a dis-J 
tinguishe^l service oft hirty-five yea rsinlndisfi 
and his first thought was to rea]i»e hm old! 
dream of investing some of his money in thfti 
purchase of the old family manor and hau.<ia| 
at Do^lesford. But the then possessor waal 
not dLsposed to sell. Hastings thercibrttl 
settled for the time at Windsor, with a town 
house in M impole Street. 

Meanwhile r'runcis, ever since his return, 
had been inHam'mg the vivtd imagination of 
Durkc, not at its most temperate stage just^ 
theji, and alwnys ready to take fire at fha^| 
thought of wrung done to ancient social^l 
fabrics. Burke was in no mood for impar- 
tiality. His conduct excited the oppoKition 
of Lord Teignmouth, who was not bv anjffl 
means a wholesal e supporter of Hastings. At | 
Macaulay remarket!, wtmtever Burke's 'saga- 
city descried was refracted and disooloured 
by his passions and his imagination ' (' LifsH 
of Pitt,' in Unqfcl. Brit) Nor waa BurkaH 
likely to forget the fate of the India Bill oT 
17H:t, which caused the fall of the coalition 
ministry. To crown all came the malignant 
promptingaof Fmuci.<t. It was ho]>eless 10 at- 
tempt to convince Burke that in India the 
gitcial fabric had been ruined by the most com- 
plete and sanguinary anarchy. India was 
coming within the range of jiartv iwlilics.* 
After the failure of the India BiU of Rurka-j 
and Fox in 17S3, Pitt in 1764 passed an act j 
which was in force for nearly three-quarter* of ] 
acentury. Buthewasobligedtoconciliatethe 
country by the profeMion of an anxious dcoir^ 
to restrain and punish offenccK committed ia i 
the admiutstrutiunof Indian aHutrs. ICugliah- f 
men were anxious to apply a remedy afler ] 
the dis4irder had ceaoea. The really abomi- 1 
uable time in India had been from about 17d7 ' 
to 1767, the close of Clivo's second adminiift- 
t ration, and the establishment of the new 
system bad made it most unlikely ever to 
return. But the court of directors and its 
servants were unpopular, and Burke's attacks 
on Hastings met with !<ympathy amLmg thaJ 
whigs, while they encountered but faint n»<r| 
sistauce from the tories. The fir^t attach on \ 
the ground of the Rohilla war, waa, indeed, 
defeated by the government. In regard to 
Chait Singh also, Pitt and Uundasheld thotTd 



Hastings 



»4S 



Hastings 



lutiDgs woA justified in his fint demands. 
Itut the dftfcnce was inaincere, and was 
ftbondontfd on the frivolous pretence that 
Haslui^'s subsequent treatment of the raja 
.■bowed tuo much sei-eritv. Ixird Tburlow 
ulr anticipated thAJudgmt>nt of subscqiicut 
iucs in expreasing nis nurpriAe at tliia iii- 
amgtency. 

The next two years were passed by Uast- 
tings at Wmdfior, whik' the debate ou his 
Kfljue draped ita way through rare evenings 
in the ^uso of Commons, lie made ex- 
periments in farming and gardening, and 
■worked on the mat«?nald fur his defence with 
bis friend David Anderson and other volnn- 
itaw aasiatante. At length, on 3 April 17H7, 
„ inipeachment was vottvl by a mujarity 
Tnwirfy three to one, in wliich were indiuled 
:'itt biiuM'lfaudmostof hissiipporttirs. Moc- 
auUy utiributes the surrender of Hastings 
■ Pitt to the young minister's fearof Uaat- 
a's rivalry. The trial before the House of 
i opened in Westminster Hi^ll on 131'Vb. 
I76S, foremost among the maiuigers for the 
ommons being Burke, Sheridan, and Gilbert 
liot {afterwards first Lord MitUo) [q. v.] 
'^cs. and Windlmm were al^ among the 
number. Francis, though not a manager, 
Icontiniieil to ssjitst the prosecution. Such 
f^fim rhe fervour ofBurte'sdonuuciaiions that 
F^Iastingii's staunchest admirers— nsy, even 
ffcimaelf— were carried away for the moment. 
But Hastings bore thr* storm bravely, and it 
ma in this very period that the purchase of 
Payleaford was at lust negotinled. For the 
old house and G*iO acres of land he paid 
I],i2-W. ; but ita restoration cot>t him far 
tnnre, 

Hastings always had supporters. Fanny 
Bumey and Hannah Mure were on his tiid**. 
John NiohoUs* [q. v.], author of the ' Parlia- 
mentary Recollections/ said tlrnt he 'thought 
him with the highest veneration.' Lord 
Tetgnmouth, once an opponent, could only 
Lccount for what was g>»ing on by denying 
IjJnrke'fi Hunily. Tho trial occupied the court 
for tbirty-tivu days in 1788 ; it was resumed 
I April iifthf following year. laJunelTdO 
diss<)liiiioD took place, and was pleaded in 
»r of further proceedings, but the pica was 
BTcrruled. In 1791 the court investigated 
: cliarges of peRK>nal corruption, and then 
stiaga made his linal defence. The next 
fcwo years were given to the arguments nf 
ErouncU ; in 1794 the managers replied to the 
fd^fcnc-e. Xumherlc»'!> addrew4e»< and testi- 
[xnonials were laid licfurM the court from 
Ivariouft commnnities in India, both native 
Kiid European, at which Burke sneered, but 
which wtiro genuine, spontaneous, and highly 
relevant. 

TOL. IXT. 



The second Bonares address, of 1788, dt*- 
clared that Uastings, by appointing tho mo^t 
distinguished of the Brahmans aud Musal- 
mans to preside over their afiairs, had * ren- 
dered the inhabitants much happier tlun 
they were during the admini^lratiuii of Cluiit 
Singh.' From Kajmahal came an address 
which, after testifying to the consideration 
that he always showed to the heads of nativu 
society, added that * he was not covetous of 
other men's money, and was not optin to cor- 
ruption. No war arose in his time ' (they woru 
only thinking of their own province); 'no was 
nothaughty,orpruudofp<iiiipaiul luxury; ho 
did not seek his own ease.' .Similar luldreAsea 
came from Lueknow, Farukbubud. and other 
places nearer Calcutta. Th<fM> lu^linioiiinl!* 
wi^re given spontaneous! v. and long after their 
recipient had ceaj>eil to (mid either power or 
the prospect of power. In reference to ono 
passage in the Uajmnhal address mny be no- 
ticed a description of the private liabitit nf 
Hustings M governor-general, which uccunt 
in a note by tlie translator of the ' Siyar>ul- 
mutakharin,' who hadsen-ed under Hastings 
in his secretary's olHce. 'Governor llastingH,* 
he said, * always wore a plain coat of Fng- 
lish broadcloth ... his throne a plain chair 
of mnhoguny ... his table sometimes ne- 
glected, his diet sparing and abstemious; his 
address and deportment very distant from 
pride, and still more from familiarity.' 

The House of Ivonis proceeded to debate 
on their judgment in 1795. Of persoual cot' 
ruption I IajHtiitg.-<wiiA unanimously acquitted; 
hin manner of lif(\ undwhat Macaulny justly 
colls ' Iiis honourable poverty,' left his jud|{p8 
no alternative. As to the charges arising 
nut of thi-> Benares aOtiir, it was found by a 
largi> majority that he was not only justined 
by the circumstances in claiming aid from a 
feudatory, but that the puuishnient of that 
feudatorv's contumacy was neilher excessive 
nor vini^ictive. In the eaj*e of the (ludU 
dowagerB it was held that there was no evi- 
di'uce either of greed «r of malignity, and 
that the treatment of the ladies was partly 
due to their own conduct, and was excused 
by the exigencies of the time. Thurlow and 
Bishop Horslcy wore strongly in Hastings's 
favour. The chief uf the hostile judges was 
Lord Loughborough, the chancellor, who bad 
to pronounce the acquittal of the accused on 
I'ii April 1795. 

Tim trial, which occupied 145 days, ox- 
tendiiiE over seven years and three montlis, 
cost Hastings 70,tXk>/., and he was left, as 
he himself said, without the means of sub- 
sistence. But th^ cbipi»any came generously 
to his aid. He receive<l nddreasee of eon- 
grutulatiufi on \iU acquittal from various 

I. 



Hastinj-s 



- ;-ii-' ln-'i-- : ;.-v.... ;: :■. ■ ;. ^..;[t 

^ -, - t.. !■:-;:■ :■■■'., ;:- ■ v , :..;:. .;i 

- .1.-1 V;i".-.U]i-' d-yv. ^^-.■ ::yi:- 
: -i -irsiilar innr'v ct' r ■.-;■ " ■• ..: '.\- 

■f t!i.- Ii; ■ 'I. Iiiirin- :'..■■ • .:. 
V rsiiv "t" n\r.,nl (-.[i!'. •■:■ i 

„-.■,■ Mf il.C.I,.. .111 Wllir-h .. ■ ;- 

■■■ 'i;i?i;i>ti<.-;ir:y cli''i n'4 Iiv ::. ■ 



'.'■■:iT 



. I 



M.'.y l-^l I h'- wa-j swiirn ■■:' •' ■ 

■■■■ ', ;iini in Jiiii" ]i:"i-i'ntt''l i" *'.-■ 

■ _'n> Mil th--ir ^ i,-ii to L.iu.! ■:■. ■■•. •!:- 

, ■■ liiiiis.-ll*. Un llJiily h- _;■:;.■■:"::: .1 

■■•:■' tin- l»iik'--'t' \VrllinL;i'"'ii.!:n ; r-..-. '.■■ 

- ■ ii, which \v;i< wi'll r.'i-i'i\-/il m-c r :!::_' 

■ ;i-'W.--|>:i])T rfi>:irl. At ;i s.,'i'."iri i Lr::," 
s-iiiit' ii.To a \'--\v flay^ lal- r lii-- !.■ ..." : 

■ 1 ,.-s;iii;^.'? Ava-; the tirst l.):i-:. ( »n ?!.- 

- !:■• aitriKl.'il a iVtc at C'.irU m II-:.—. 

, r \w wriit ihriMi;:h .^lu-h a si-rii'S <■:" f-*- 

■.".■■* at ill" Ml,''" •>!' oi^hty-tuii wi:!; ur 

• ■■: ,i.Iiiiif injury sjfnks w-'ll t'lr hi''Sii-":u:':. 

■ s'mwi-(1 ih'i]) sympathy Willi l!;-- ]";ili ->:' 
N ■■■■!<-nn. llcki-pt una L''irn-[ii'n.i.-nov uiili 

■ i llu>t iui^s in In<!ia. wlmm h-- ili.'.-i-ril.* 1 
.> • .i man nt" sup-.Tinr tah'nls, s!i.-aily ul' pur- 

■ •' ■ and iIi.'t'Trnin!iiion.' 

In July |s|i; Ha-.tiiiLTA l'<':.';in to ri.>rMr-,' 
■i:i\l- <r.inl (.'hurcli, which hail i'liU'-n int.< '!■ - 
.Mv. and til'- wnrk was onnplcti''! liotnrr- lUo 
■•■ '. lit* 111" Niivi-niht-r. AlnMir th-- sain- lim-.' 

- '.c::--T~ li.'Lian to ln-lniv a .--n^.' ..■!' I'.i'l;;;^ 
■■/a! ]>'>\vi-r, I Jilt h-' ^lill C'lntiii.i-tl '<> cm- 
■\ !.i- niiu'l wjili iinthiirjinj' aciMiv. In 

^! .-.■"i l"*!? h'- jiaiil his la-^l vi-'t ;•) I.^^nil -n. 
;-':i:n„- t.. l)a\ !i-l" inl mi "< .Mriy. In Aj-ril 

■ ■-!- h-- .-I'ul'l >l:l! writ-.' l-i a iVivn.'.l a w.-ll- 

■ - '::i-il l.-:t.r nn tlit- wi-itiuL' "t" lii.-tnry. 
.';; 1^1 ,Iul\ h-' cam-' linnir tVoni n carria^-' 
'■■ \ ■.' in a i-.iiiiiti.iM wliicli a]i])'-ar'-i to i';.- 

■:':T> .1 ■i-liii- ti. •■■'iiiiT- a hl'-'diiiL-- ll" 

- ■:;■'. iv'\-.r !■ I li-i\r r'Tm .-r.^il. On ill" "JI'lli 

. .li:;ry rl..~. s. >:v II. Ilall^^r.! wa^r t.-.w 

"A in.ari'l IIi-uiil'-'- n-'Mr— i iVi'-n-.i- i-Mii:-.' 

.■! i '."ill. I I'-w 1- n.'l m^'T nIjh';..>waK-'vv, 

■■. ■ ^::i"\.'." !■ M -! 'wlv -nsMi' 1. Un '■'> An_-. 

■ ,l.,::itt ■! at; 1 -:_:i>"l a l-'It-T f-i'oinni. ■?!>!- 

■„ l.^w.i'.'t .:;.■■ pr 't'-.-ii-m nfih" court .if 

. ■.-, :.'vs. :.i: ! ■ ■■. t li'- l'l'u'1 Ii-' ]M"'-il:iwav. lii.s 

'.-. ai' i' .'.'.- '. ' l:i\' a h.nuUvrihi'-t' fV< t 

. ■:..■.] -■ !':■ !.:-; V!.a-:j.- -!i uld .lislr- w 

■ \\ ".■.:■'; " '; • \\ ■■" > \\.:!c!ii";i: h> l»i!-i(l--, 
'.'i- « ^ i ;■■.■. 1 ;-.: ;" l!i-- .'^niv-h. arul th-' 
■ , '. :-^ -■.!■-';:;■ pi (•-<■: i" in l-'^u w:i^ i\- 

.: .1 --;.'■ > ■:;.-:i:-^ '':•' T-ml'. Mr-. 
". - .:- \\ .- ■• ::■. 1 :•! t'." - iTi:" ]>!:ic" in 
> ;. ,.:■..; ;. 1- V.J I- :;^:M;s;:-(.'!i:irl..slnihMji; 



Hastings 



yt>»rs later. Diij/le^ford is now ihe 
1y of Mr. U. \. Hyiiss. 

he chnrjjes of [>er«onal corruption brouc:lit 

ai nst Tlasl ing-s nrv abundantly refuted, not 

only by the wont ol'proof( after a most search- 

inrjuiry), but by t!if small amount of hU 
K^Tinps after a singularly prolonged Indian 
lif^. To ^ny thnt Jfa^tinpa was a scrupulous 
politician accordinu' to modem ideas would be 
to ftay too munh. No doubt he did irre|^l&r 
things; possibly bn helped the ruin of Nand 
Kumar, certainly he transgrewed th«* letter 
of the law in removing the unmanageable 
governor of Madras. Id instigating, or con- 
niving nt, the K|K>IiatiQn of the Oudh down- 
(rers he allowed a violation of the faith of trea- 
li«« and nf lUt) delicacies of private life. But 
be saved and established the empire, which 
ho would not have done had be listened to 
all possible objections or hold his hand before 
n hostile cnnfcdfTiioy. The insincerity of the 
outcr\- again.^ Ifajtings was pointe<i out by 
Kr*kine in elo<)uent t«rms («e f JtTR!fET, , 
^arthand Jtfport, pp. 47 90). Mill luw 
some pointed remarks showing how he was 
impre8S«l in spite of a strong prejudice: 

• riiL'^tinpi,' he says, * was ptactnl in diflicul- 
ties uud acted on by temptations such as few 
public men have been called on to overcome. 
... No man. probably, who ever had a great 
share in the government of the world* had hia 

£ahUc conduct 90 completely explored and 
tid open to view. ... If we had the same 
ftdrantage with respect to other men, . . . 
lew of them w6uld be found whose character 
woubl present a higher claim to indulgence 
than his* (Hht. iv. ;«I7-H|. 

riastingh's passions were alway;* well con- 
trolled. His wife adored him. He was ad- 
mired by such men as Thurlow and Johnson, 
l>T Ilalhed, and nltimatelv by Teignmouth. 
H»? is not known ever to have lost a friend. 

* His gencpjsity was unbounded in desire, 
and did not alway.^ calculate his means of 
indulgitti; it. His own private interest was 
!r>«t in his regard for the public welfare ' 
{^Gfnt. Mnt;. IvJiinriii. ^ J. Testimony abounds 
to hi«pf?ntlent^«-i under euflVring. and absence 
of viudii'tive lanifuagt' nlKiut IiIh enemies. 

Like other distinguished mon, Hastings 
owed much to the combination of apparently 
incompatible qualities. A bold dr>famtr he 
poMe««eH almost unequalled executive aliility 
and practical good sense. Though not always 
fastidious as lo the means by wliich he bene- 
fited his eraployeni, be never showwl any Tul- 
gar gr>?ed on his own account, and hia lavish , 
expenditure of money was accompanied by a 1 
total indifference to peritonei advantage or 
display. fJentle in temper ond constant in 
*Aection, ho could be combative, and even 



f47 Hastings 

truculent on occasion ; determined and reso- 
lute, he yet knew how to give up his own 
purpose when it was not to be had without 
paying too dear. Brought up in a bad school , 
exposed to most dougerous influences, he was 
guilty of nothing personally dishonouring, 
even when he compromised bis reputation. 
But in tlic contemporarv criticism of public 
men allowance is randy made for shades of 
charactor and peculiarities of circumstance. 
At theend of the eighteenth cent nrv- English- 
men were awakening to a aense of the duties 
of humanity, and felt that the position and 
the doings nf I'Inglish traders and officials ia 
the East were not always to 1m* defended. Tha 
outcry of 17^5 and the unanimous condem- 
nation of Hastiu^s by both sidnsof the House 
of Commons were the first outcome of this 
feeling. Although partly due to political 
motives, and further tainted by insincere rhe- 
toric and extravagant hyperbole, the im- 
peachment was something more than mere 
hyiiocrisy op hysterics. 

Tlieru are two portraits of HastingE in the 

National Portrait (lallery, one by Tilly Kettle, 

which was engraved by W, Angus for the 

Magazine ' in I7t*2, and the other 



' European MogaziL. 

bvSir Thomas Lawrence, painted in 1811. 
Inhere is also a bronze bust by T. Banks, It.A. 

[The main Koarees for HiiatingK'a biography 
aro tho original docnmonts recorded by Olujg 
in his Memoirs of ths Life of W. Hastiogit, 
3 vol*., Lonj3nH841 ; Captain Trotter's Warn*n 
HastiogB, LonHon, 1S7K, follows on tho sido 
of npolugy ; M^e also Bond's 8p<!ech«i of tha 
Maaa^rnnt and Cnunsel, 4 vols., London, 1859- 
I8el, ADd a largo collection of con tern t^o masons 

iuunphlcU at tha India Office. Mill's liintory Of - 
tritiah India, vols. iii-vi.,LoDiloD, 1848,18 coKIly 
hostile, counteracted geoumlly bv tho notes of 
his cuntioDntor, H. B. Wilson. ilaAtings'a Da- 
fence— An-MTcr nt tho Bar of the House of Lords 
28 Nov. 1787-*i)» able but tedious. The Win urea 
of Ei-iiloneu wePB puUi«h«l in II vols., Locdon, 
1788; TiioHislorj- of tho Trial, ibid. 1796; the 
Pehatcs of tha Uoiuo of X^ords (and finding on' 
eich cliargo), 1797. Kegnrdinjf ths crimes of 
Chait Sinfih and sympathy of the Oudh be^oma 
thcr<! is a narrative (Calcutta. 1782), vhich hua 
bs'^n r<>print(>d (Roorkss, 18d3); iho nffidavits 
taken by Impoy are given to the appendix. Tho 
ohorlhand report of the trial of Stockdale for 
print iDgLotmn's ptimphU'tindefoaceof Hu«tingi*, 
I»ndon. 1790, contains Krskinc's Speech in ht>- 
hiilf of thrdoffln(Uiit,t'ritic-isini; the trial of N'and 
Kumiir; Me also IlevcridRo's TrinI of Nanda 
Kumar, nNamitirvof Judicial Murder, Cnjcatta, 
1886, ond Mr. Justice .Stephon'M Story of Xun- 
conuir. 1885. t^ir A. C Lj-all's Warren Hastings, 
1889. in tho Knglihh Men of Action Series, is an 
impsrtial mf>nofrTOph, I*rofoMor Forrest's Selec- 
liuni>, Calcutta, 1890, throw much light on Uas- 
tings's career,] U. Q, K. 

l2 



Hastings 



- - ■ v- ■ -. I ;.-ir_''*, link" '>t' t'hirfTii'i'. an. I .M.'ir"', 

; 1 :_':*'r "f <.'Ii:irli.'> : an Un thi-i vt-ar h** w;!* 

■ I ■_-i.v. 'i:r>'i'ti-<l lit I'ltii.hirt n"_'»'Haii"ns wiiii 
'. ■: - ; ■!;■ I'mu'Ii kinf,' i/''. \i.-"»'ii.'-*' I. Ill Hi»7 Ii-.' 

:■:. -v I- ..III-'' iiion- lii'p'iiUatiMj f T tliv lliarriaj-- 
_ . ■, -'A ,'.■»! Cliarlt's ami Mirj'ir--! i i^t. \\. Tjiiih. 

■ : 'iil!'lwarirsf-ra|>.'l'ri>mNi.:.r.'!iani('ii>tI'- 

■ ' K'HiImii ill llfiH, nii:stii\::".ii-!<':l.;!nin rai-r- 
■:_■ v.'W lore- ~. lie wji^ at :!.> Tiiu>' rtMji- 

•■•■ :'.*.-ilclianil)'Tlaiii nf Ni-r:"; W:\.' -i. I'j'dTi 
W.irwii'Ii's iuva.-i.-n in 117'.' ll.>';r.:r- iti- 

■ ■•:::"1 tli- ]<\u^ I'l'lli.' danj-r. -.r.- 1 him •■- 
-..Mj'>'..'iivil ai-iMiiipanii'il liiin ■-:: :. :— ;■■ n.-k t > 

I w.n in N''i*iii!iv. \vli'.ni.'»' l\'lw;jTi -lil—l :■' 

- U -llanfl. l>uriiU'KT:w:ir>lV at— :: ■■ Hi-';n^-i 

- -A !•* artivf ill >!irrl:ii: npthi-z-a! .:"!.-V r!-.- 
. ^ ■- ■-:.-. A luniil i|>:->-^iTVfil in niLiMii:'- /; 'y-..j- 

f-;. , altlisnitili ilali'il tour years la:- r ■ ■a' ;- pru- 
' - i'ably lirst ciiii-ri'il into at lliisjnr.o'.-r-. Ir is 

■ ■■■; -!^n>'(l liy two liirds. nim* kni^'"lirs.a:'. 1 :' r*v- 

■ '^tit t'S(|iilrc,-:, wlio t'liijagt? tri jiil H.i-*.:i:_'-- 

;uain>1 nil jit'T^on^ witliin tlif'kin^'.!' m.^n 1: ■ 

"■'. rai-i-' as many men a-* thoy can. ;■• t-' it::;- I 

- i a: tlit'fvu.-usi'ot' ila^tintrs, l'j)i>n Klwar-i'*;^ 
. - r'-turn In Man-li 1171 IfastiuL's -wa- ":T>*7i- 

. •;. Til. -tit al in t)rin'jin^' <tvt'r ('tiin-no.* i-i !.:- -!':■. 

V- aii'l wa-i ]»rfst'nt at their first iittt-rvi'-w •).• r- - 

- N ■ ;i)i":i at rianl)nry. At tlic Ipatth- ol* Uar:-.' ' 

, -. ■! Ilasiin;:.-* (•(immamleil the thinl div.-;;.'i, 

•■' wliifli wa-i (ijipox'd 1(1 tliat of Monta;rii".;iii [ 

^ -i- i'u-Iui.ii'il ihrei" tlioiisand mtnintcil h'lr.-'ii'.'H. 

" 1 ■ III- is saitl lo liiivf taken part in tli<' ilia:Ii ■•!' 

'\ ^,- t'le Laneastriitn Prince ICJwanl nln-r th-- 

.. ! .: I'-ittle of T'-wkt'sljUPk-. In 147") na>'ii;_-^ 

• \\a<-''nt t>) l-'raiice with an invailinLM"':\--. 

\ f.aiy iif jii-ai'i' follow,'.,!. Th'- IV.-r..!. :.:: 1 

llit^li-h liiiiL'-- ni'-t at l*lei|iii::ny.n.arAi:.'.- 1:-. 

a*:il Ha~!iii:;> rfriMVfd frum L'«tii< ii\<::'.v 

'■'.!:iii;y iiftwii r Jii)U--aiiil crowns. l!"W:i 

.i"['ari lit ly lie- mily Mn^'lisli ii'iM.- jir. *■ :;■ . 

«;;■' uind'- .-uni.- ililiifiilty ahinit ri-iii!i_ 

'■- ■ ni.iiii'V, ami h'- I'.trnmllv refu'«t'il t'l Lran' 

i'lv reei'ijit i'nv it, allf'^-iii:; a< a r-'asni t!.:i;. 

. ■ '•..■ .lid noi wi^h il to In- ^aiil that ili.- ih;'.m- 

•■•rhiiii of IjiL'hm.l wa- a ju-n^ioniT "f tl..* 

■ "«:•;_' "f I'niiie.-. li'- wa- l-s-; -enijiiil.tii- w'.t'.i 

■' ■ I'lik'- "f Iitir_'iiiidy. iVi'in wh'*;)! Ii-r-- 

.■ A. la %■■:■. riy a:;n';:! v nfa thuu^and erowi.-, 

. I ■•■::•,.-. w!;. .■.a\ •* :!:a" he tir-t inrpuhi.-' I 

II 1-: ;■:..- * ■ i.'\\:-:'. - ini! af*-Twar.U t-t L..11;-. 
'.' \\ H.-".';j*w i'.. a:;-! J-M-ril"-* him a'- ;* 
• ■-■".. :- -.; .!:■■■» i~l ■!!! a;i.l virtn.-. ill LT-i:* 

.■': : ■ \ \\ .■ :; ! :-:;::i-:'r, wh 'm h'-liad- -.'■v- I 

. '.:".V\. (■ :!;l;:-- -•■;:.- i:.a; l..mis XI 

:. .\ • \\ .^' .'-.J.- . :; .::■ ■\'.as;iH 11 MTvii--- i>I 

. ;' '.■:■ \y..:-- • ;' :'.u ih"i,-a:i'l iiiark-. 

,. . L - ■ „* \v,.^ :. ■ ■;' :!'.■> ^'r.U■\\ll■l <w-if" 

' \ l\ ■ ^ f '.w.-r/!'- ■ hi'-T .-■II. lla-t:ri_-= 

\\ . ■;■.;■■■■■* \^ •'. :h-- ■!■:• ■■■n. \\\i • h:.d 



Hatch 



Hatch 






^1 



brothiT Earl Kivers. But be hud 
,mble to nmiulAiit a high Tio9itinn,on ac- 
it of hie well-known triecl tideliiy to the 
kin^. Tbekinff onhi»ctt-aihhe<lentrKated him 
tobe reconciled to the que*?n. When sheafter- 
wardttpropowdtothe council t hat htrson.ICd- 
vard V, should he escorted to I^ndnn with a 
strong army, nafltinga |)aasionotoly demanded 
•whether the army waa intended ' against the 
)ple of England or against the good Duke 
Gloucester.' lie threatened to retire to 
Calaia If Rivers approached with an army. 
When, howerer, Gfoucoster tried by means 
of "William Catc*hy ["q. v.] tohring Hiisting)* 
into bUdt^^igutt, Hastings seemed diflpo84Kl to 
join the queen's party. Ue altenued the 
council in the Tower ( 1 4 June 148^3) in spito 
of a warning from Stanlty. The scene which 
followed ift described by Sir Thomaj* ft[ore-, 
bo beard of it &om Cardinal Morton, then 
.hop of Ely, an eye-witness (Gaikhnku, 
\ichard III, p. 81 ). More'a account is dra- 
tnatised by Sliake-tpenre. Qloucester charged 
llojitingfi with trt'juon, and he wa^ inimtv 
tely taken out and beheaded on a LU)ck of 
iber at the Tower. J lis l>ody was buried 
in the north aiflle of the cbapcl of St. George's 
in Windsor Castle, near the tomb of Ed- 
■ward IV. Edward, his son and heir, who 
■waa seventeen years of age at this timp, was 
~ ,tber of George Hastings, first earl of Hunt- 
_ "on [q. v.] Hastings also left two younger 
ins, I{ifhsra and William, and a daughter 
iinf, married to George, enrl of ShrewsbuTy. 
,ere are many i^li^ht n-fi-runce^ to ]Ia«ting.s 
in the'Poston Letters,* including two letters 
by liaatings to John Poston (iii. 90, 107). 

[SiDw'ft Annals : Iloliushed ; Ducd^de's Uaroa- 
age, i. 680 ; Rymer'n Ftedem.onp. ed,; DeComines' 
M^moires; VatttonlA-Lten, od. Guirdner; I>oylu's 
Official Barvnage] J. ti. i-'. 



■ou 

BUal 

tna 

■^> 

I X-nt 



HATCH, EDWIX, D.D. (183&-I880), 
<lieologtan, was bom at Derby on \ Sejit. 
1835, of nonconformist parents. In l&44lnfl 
&mily moved to Btmungham, and he entered 
King Edward's School, at that time under 
Dr. (afterwarda Bishop) Prince Lee. Hatch 
fa^&D on the modem side, but his promise 
■WM discovered, and he was Ironsferred to 
tKe clast^ical department, where he rspidly 
>se until ho left with an exhibition for rem- 
ike College, Oxford, in IHTkH. Shortly 
'on? this be had joined the church of Eng- 
land, through tbo influence of Dr. J.C.Miller. 
At Oxford he moxcd in a stimulating society, 
of which Edward Bume-Jones, the artist, 
an old schoolfellow, William Morris, and 
Swinburne, the poets, were prominent mom- 
(lers. II atchwBsalreadycontribuling largely 
t3 magazines end reviews when he took his 







degree, with second class honours In lit. hum.^ 
at theend of 1857. Afterworkingwith zeal 
in an east-end parish in Ixindon, be waa ap- 

Jioiuted in IWiJ) pmfeswir of cla-ssie* at Trinity 
College, Toronto. This he held till lBti2, 
when ho aeecptod the rectorship of the high 
school of Quebec. Hera he mMried. Ilis 
work at Quebec loft a lasting impresaion ; 
bat in 1867 he returned to Oxford to bo- 
come rice-principal of St. Mary Hall, an 
ofiice which he resigned under pressure 
of oilier duties in 18HA. Along with his 
teaching iit St. Mary Hall he took privatti 
pupils, and actively aban>d in the practical 
work of the university. It was through him 
that the 'Official Gazette' waa started in 
1870, and he was its first editor. Not much 
later he brought out the first edition of the 
'Student's Handbook to the University,' and 
edited a translation of Aristotle's 'Ethics* 
in 1879, begun by his brother, the Itev.W. M. 
Hatch (rf. 1879). In 188-the wasoppointed 
Rceretiiry to the boards of faculties. Mean- 
wliili; he was colltM^ting materials for the 
work which he had planned iu theology. The 
first-fruits of these labours appeared in a 
series of important articles (* Ifoly Orders,' 
'Ordination,' ' Priest') in vol. ii. of the* Dic- 
tionary of Christian Antiquities* in 1880. In 
the wime year he delivered the Bamplou lec- 
tures on 'The Orgsnieatton of the Early 
Christian Churches,' published in the year 
following. The bold and Qriginat views put 
forwai*d in these lectures aroused considerable 
conlruversy, in which Hatch himself took 
little part. In Scotland and Germany there- 
cognition which the lectures received was 
even greater than in England, In 1883 the 
imiversitvof Edinburgh conferred on the au- 
l hor I ho distinction of an honorary D. D,,wbi1u 
the eminent theologian, Dr. Adolph Hamuck, 
him.setf tratudated the tec^turiis into ( jerman. 
In 1H87 Hatch brought out a little volume, 
' Tho Growth of Church Institutions,' in- 
tcndiHl to be tho pioneer of a larger work, 
continuing the Bomjiton lectures, and dealing 
oomprehennvcly with the whole subject. 

Erom 1882 to 1884 Hatch held the office 
of Grinfield lecturer on the Septuagint, 
onother branch of study to which he had de- 
vot ed himself. The substance of the lectures 
was published in * Essays in Biblical Greek,' 
188f>. As the basis for a renewed examina- 
tion of tho 'Biblical Vocabulary,' he had 
long been at work on an elaborote * Concord- 
ance to the LXX and Hexapla,* which will 
be published jMwthumously. Other New 
Testament studies of rather less importance 
are the articles 'Pastoral Epietles, ' Paul/ 
• Peter,' in the * Eiicyclopiedia Britaunica.' 
In 1883 Hatch waa appointed to the living 



»So 



Hatcher 



uf Piirlui^h ia Ehm-.x.wiJ lal'^^he wu made 
univ»'n*ityf»'(i(1i'T in PCv-lfpia^tiCAl hUtonr. In 

th" ■ ■» Ijiw," antl tlie * Carlo- 

vin.' I --luition.* In li*>>S his phik»- 

AOi'tii. ( :■ ■. '-i>i);fmtmlt>X)tn's$ioa inaptjttr»e 
of 1 ! ■ i»v*, fntilltnl ' Greek Influence 

on ' \,' whtoli wen- puhlislitNl in 

iSiiti iMiur 1 .hv editorship nf Hr. Kairbftim. 
Hut the strain o( this multtfarioiis work wbs 
too giY«t, and UaUh died an 10 Nor. If^SQ. ' 
H«tt*b belougvd to no schiml, aud bore the ' 
stAiop of no one maftter. His mtnd xrna on- ' 



IS Sept. 1817, and edncatwi bT Iviug'g CmI- 
\ege, lAindon. lie matriculated {rotn llrafe- 
nose College, Oxford, os Thomutt Goodwvn 
llatchard on II April 1H37, graduated B.A. 
1*MI, M.A. 184.',, and 1U». 4 Feb. 1H«B. 
He was curate of WiiidlH«liani, Surrej^from 
184:* tolrt44,dnmeeilie chaplain to the Mar- 
quis of Conynpham from iNlo to ISlW; 
rector of llavont, llompfihire, from 1846 to 
IKkl, nnd of St. Nichola-*, Guildford, Surrey, 
from 18.">fi to 1NJ9. 11.' was consecrated 
biftlHip of Mauritiu-s in "\VePtinin»tcr .\bbe3r 
on 24 V'eb. lHt!9, He Udonpfd to the mod«- 



ffiUMtive. He prvferrvd to work things out mto evangelical school. An a parochial l 
for bimi^'lf by a stnctlv inductive method, clergyman he xtrnfi indrfutij^ablc in his dulie^ J 
While the morejnent wkich bccan with thfi | He died of fever in the i&land of Mauritiitft 
' I'mct* for the Times' wo* at full flood, he ' 1*8 Feb. 1870. He married, 19 Feb. lAAQ, 
laboured streuuoustr, and for the most part Fanny Vincent Steele^ second daughter of' 



the Kight Kev. Michael Solomon Alexauder^l 
bishop of Jerusalem. She died at Caimea, 
7 Hec. 1880. 

Ilntchard wrote: 1, ' The German Tn><». \^ 
Moml forthe Young,' IS-M. i'. 'Thtj FlowerefiH 



atones to place theology in (_^:^ford on n really 
Avsteiuatic and soieotilic iMsis, But it -wnm 
uot given to him to complete his w»irk. Of 
hiti iiuier life more i« re\ealed in a little col- 
K-cliim of yacri'd poema ('Towards Fit'lds of 

Liuht'l, and a memorial volume of sermon* Gathered. A brief >iemoir of Adelaide Char- 
publiabed after bis death. I lottellatcliard, bis daughter.' 1B58. •"•. 'Ser- 

["M,..,. -: .1. ,*• ij,^t,,i,^ cilitflfl hj his brr.thcr I mons,' 1847-U2 (four pamphlets). Hi^ wife 
(S.C '^•, I'jipositnrforFcLnjarylSOO; I published: 1 .* Eight Years Experience of Mo- 

na -I' ':■, lliinmck in TliwjI. Litenitur- i thers' Me*>lings/ 1871. -. * Prayers for Littla 

«.it«m{. 14 Juiid ISOO.eol. 2n7fl'. A memoir by | Children/ 1875. 3. 'Mothers' Meet iuffK, nnd 
hia widow is id prepumtion.] W. S. j how to nrganiM them/ lS7r>. 4. ' Mothers 

aATCHARD.JoHN (17niui84i».p«b- S"'I'*",T'*-5?; .;V'''''°"f''*^,"V''^*i?^** 
li.^r, was b..ru in 1 7tR». and Hnrved Iii/ap- .^\*\^ ]^' ^- **' ^ ">'*■■ ^^ *^"' ^"* ''«" ^^^ 



P- 
prt'Ul icoahip wit hMr.liingerol'CoUege Street, 
\\ v«tuiin«iti.<r. He altorwards became an as- 
«i»t4iat W Mr. Payne of the Mews Gale, and 
()umuieuci<d biisiuetts on hh ovm account ut 
l7Ji Viccatltlly, l..uidon. The publication 



mgs,' 187K. 

[IIIustrHlwl X^ndon Nrwa, 16 April 1870, pw^ 
411 : TimM. 31 March 1870, p. Q ; Gtinrdian, 
30 Marcli JS70, p. 3Q7. and 6 April, p. 300 ; in- 
fornijitioii fn)tn iho bufliop's !H»n, Alrxanderg 



* , 1 I ■ I i» f It ■' 1 • i-ii- ol iilflhHrH. liiitchanl the publishers.] G. C. B. 

of H pamphlet. ' Uef-rm or lluiu, m Ii9, , „.«,„„„„ t.vv,,v- ,1^-- ..... 1 



HATCHER, HKM:Y (1777-1840), an- 
tiquary, son of a smalt farmer of KembK\ 
near Oireucesler. was bom there on 14 May 
1777. Hit (Kirents moved to Salisbury" 
about 17W, when be was placed with a 
sclioolmaster named West, and made con- J 
aidenilile progress in cla«atc8 and mathe- 
matics. At tlie age of fourteen he tiecame- ' 
:iMi ('ommi>n.21 June !841l, J'"""'" assuitant in theschm.l.and during ihft , 
His eldeet son the "''** *!''**' vears filknl similar situations ill 
- * ' otlu-r establishments. About the t)^nning' 
of 1795 lie was engaged as auianuen.*i.<4 to 
theUev. AVilHom Coxe [q. v/', the hiiitorian, 
whom lie ajmisted in the compilation of his 
historical works. For some time after IfiOO 
Coxe turned aside to investiguto the Uoman 
road* and other antiquities of Wiltshire, and 
this tAsk goTo his comjMinion his taste for 
nntiquarianreseareh. Tliev gavegreat assist- 
ance to Sir Richord Colt-Hnare f cj. v.] in hi* 
e<lition of Mliraldus Camlm^nsis (I80fj1, a 
publication which induced Hatcher to under- 
takes translation of the treatise passing under 



VtHA tin* i-ouiiuoncement of n long and pro- 
Hd-roui pullidhing career. Hatclmrd was 
appointed lKK>ksell<>r toQuet'U Charlotte iind 

pifier members of theroval family; be issued 
the ]•'■' ' ■ ■■ -I- of t lie Nx'ioTy for Bettering 
llu! * ' the Poor, nnd published thu 

*Cliii I ver' from the first number in 

180- tii'U he retired frnni business. 

■ir, 

I i, was \'icar of St. An- 

L-'Wd, l'lymouih,and hia second son, Thomas, 

I ft>r aome timo bis partner, succeeded as head 

Iff lUe UotxM.' of ilatctuLrd & Son, book- 

pVtiftA and pubUahcr*. 187 Piccadilly. 

bU Mug. August 18tU,pp. 210-1 1 ;Nicliola*s 
iloitr. viii. .'i2a-4,J H. R. T. 

LTCHARD. THOMAS GOODWL\ 

Fl'^riM. l.i>hun of Mauritius, son of 

I, tlie publisher (ft. 18 Nov. 

fonuf John Hatchard [q.v.Jf 

K>iU Hi U tiiloane Strtwt. Chelsea, on 



Hatcber 



the DAZDe of EiciApd .if Ci-*Ts."»-*t-*T c v " 

but mntiinMd to help kas frxaJ C^^^u la W 
coinpiUtiaaa. sad in Xsy of Aat ves ke 
narned At Dumutos, aavAamkB , 
dmagfater of ffii&iii Am of thtt 
TfaSogh the iliitiriai ity af • dok wWi» W 
tnutea. Hatcher vaaeoaipeiM at 
1633 to lenga hb pbee art tW ni 
and to keef a jnrsSe sckaal *t Fad 
Aager, ntmt Sahahvj. Tn rcan kttr la 
mortd to Eadlew Smt, Sft&aln, aad ia 
hut new oqeuytina bhoincd vitk aaeetm 
for maa J j«an. Frei Aagart 18X to I&I3 



all hit s|anB time wh nea[t ia tht fiif ii 
tion of hkkkuiR of Ola aad Xcv Sana fiir 
BKMn*a*Wihah«;«ad Uilut jcaaaoc 
ibrthe penoMi fif iiiiii» ana 
itkw. HU wife died ca SB K«k. 
^ beome iO, ■eemed la bare »- 
._.d,biit died aaddealyst SalibfavTcn^ 
the IBOtaiafrof 14l>ec. li^ML FlBt^rr 
poawatiii! « apMnail aptitvie for l«*nuBff Ua- 
Tttsgc*. n« was nned ia latia aad (jxmJe, 
French. C*<fman, ItaJiaa, ^aa^, Bofta- 
Xaf*^f and Duteh. Amoep tbe la a auauiu ta 
rkicli he leA behiod bim were an Aoflo- 
kxon ^ln«aiT and grmmntar. a inatiaB on 
bo art of fortiticalion, and ■ d u n u tation oa 
litarr and phTskml fTe<ifrtapbT. Forlbeoie 
hU putiiU tie dr«w up uii poUiabed in 
|a35 * A SuppK'meAt co tbe OtuuBtr, eoo- 
Kbetohcal and Logical fiafiutioaa 
l&ult^/ Hatcher wt* mocb w apwrtrfi ind 
' moaament to bis memory, hy Okaood* a 
loeal aculptor, was placed hf poblic sid»- 
fcriptioD in Saliibuzj CatbedfaL 

Ilatclipr'aBaaiiitiiiC6,fapwia1ly in tbe labour 
Df tnui^latinfr 8paairii and Fortoffoe«e docn- 
pi^nl', v,-A9 acknowledged by Cttxe in his 
F History of tbe Bourbon Kings of Spain;* a 
iinilar te^timonr to ht« aid wa* pven in 
Mcinoint of the Dulce of Marlborough/ 
id when Coxe's po§tbiimou«Tolume on the 
^tilham administration appeared, the preiace 
ireas«d his indebtedness to hi? * faithful 
t able Becretary Mr. Hatcher,' Coxe left : 
I a lef^CT of 'Z201. Hatoher sujiplied the 
> of * An UiBturicul Account of the 
Ipiicopal StK* r.zid Cathedra) Chiin-h of Sa- | 
am or Sali^bur)*/ pubU^hpil in 1^14 under 
! name of William Iktdeworib the chief 
rer^er. and in iNil he wrotefur abookfieUer 
I An Ilittrifical and Desrriptirc ^Veeount of 
Old and Nt'W Sanim/ He heh»ed Hoaru in 
._ 'Tour in Sicilv'and his ' Itecollections 
ibrnad/andJobnlSritron in the third volume ' 
pf hia 'Ileamic^ of Wiltshire' (l82"i),ond in j 
that l>art of his * Pirturwqup Antiquitifi!< of | 
SngIiftbCit)v5'(]8fK))whichn-)Bt4%lo8alift- | 
boxy. Ue was the author of * The Descrip- 




fr«i the Vwii^, 
^ SabhaiT in 18U «t1 

the cart arf n— a 1tnm«^ tfa bifhap <C| 
fliniaij. AbM ISKBaaia nam _ 
rfov vbkh k Mid to Wiva hen ilnliinJ i»1 
fe bac^ at iRir, thM HaldWr ahoald 1 
pae ibc aBBons af Saliaharr M favm put • 
' The Hktoiy flC IfoAn HfihsUn.* a^ c 
batB»ii|*aaixtha»wi»aphiidtabtabaai__ 
thi masenals wkieh Hohot BiHea Uf^-ii 
the aanada- qf faliabui j ,hni fii ■ imiily coCi 
kctodlorthewfak. At thv t^ llat^tt ( 
laboaied aaviaoady aail tbe varfc had 
faeea frmtad at th« rxfaaae of Mr. Monk 
Uaan,the aathor aadeaecataraf th* en». 
piaal flaaacr of tbe aadotaki^. Hhmii 
who bad read tbe prooTeheeta, praooaad th_ 
baa aame thoaU aMar oa ibr titV naga M 
iu^otatsaibor. Hatchv decHaed tbepro- 
pomtiaa, bat Benaoa's iwiafwee with Hoar* 
seeand the apneenaee of tbe two pert a. w it b 
tbe tale of 'The ICstorr of MM«m AVili- 
ebixv by Efir Kiebaid Coft lloarv. Old and 
New Samm or Seli^borr. Br l&«bert Ben- 
aoa, M-A^ and Henry listener, 1843,' and 
with a pnefare by Benmn. llatclter netali- 
ated br printing the title and preface which 
he bad luawa np, aad explained his »Uai« in 
tbeaotbOT^ipL Banaon replied with * Facts 
and Obaerrationa tooehiog Air. llatrhcr and 
tbe History of Salisbtur,* and to this there 
appeared in *Simp»oaVl>evtze«(iazette' for 
I 14 IVc 1843 a rejoinder fr»m Hatcher. In 
the joamaUiAsueii at SaUebury and Deriies 
therw were fn*quent e»mmunicutions from 
Hatcher, and tbe'Jounml uf theltriti^h Ar> 
chcolo^icelAasoeiatioa,' i.tilJ.conUinsa note 
from bira on a teaselated pAv^ment at West 
Dean, near Salisbury. Britton intended 
to have included in bis autohiogrspby a 
notice of his friend, but owiu|r to its length 
it appeared srpanitely in 1^47 as ' Memoirs of 
the Life. Writings, and Character of Henry 
Hatcher* ' 

[BrittoB'a M«B)oir of Hat«her; (rrnl. Mag. 
1814 (<t. it. 3:^4-5, 1846 pt. i. 4|A. 1847 pi. i. 
437-40. pi. ii. fi.i6-7 : NicboU"» Illniitr. of Lit- xi. 
43»-f,449: Hriltoii'vAatobiofrr. i. IH-ltf, 444 Ji. 
9, 34-6, iind Apiwndia, p. 83 ] W. l\ C. 

HATCHER, THOMAS (,f. IfiRt). anti- 
quarv, was bnni at Cambridge, pn>bniily in 
St. Edward's parish, being wn and heir of 
John Hatcher, M.U., wjmi-lime fidlow of 8t. 
John's College them, and nfterwnrtlit n>gtuM 
pro&aaor of physic and vico^hancellor of 




Hatcher 



TS» 



fatcher 



fb:- 



. Ifca BBircnil;. He wm cdvcated «t Eton ' 
''IJoIletfBf wbcnce he wu elected m 1555 to ! 
KiBg^ College, Cambndge. He uoeeeded 
B.A. in I->79-60, mod comneneed ILA. in { 
1603. In loa5, being diasalisficd with the 
gDrenunent of Proroct Baker, he, with •ome | 
other memben of the college, wrote ft letter ' 
of eomplAint agaiiut him to Secretair Cecil, 
to whom in 1567 be dedicated Dr. Wslter 
Kftddon'A * LocubrBttone«.' At one period he 
studied tlie law in Grnr's Inn, where he whj | 
•dauCt«d in loA>'>, and AubeHjuentlv applied , 
himself to medicine. Ht^ doefl noC, ^owt- ver, 
ftppetr to have practised either prufeseion, ' 
hu meanA boini^ npparentlj ample. In the j 
latter part of hu life he n>«ided on hts father's 
e*tateatCarebT,n<arStamfonl,Iancoln«hire. 
Gole dcKribei'him as * a great antiquary, a ' 
religioua, learned, and boneu man.' He wu { 
on temu of intimacr with I>r. John Caius 
!(. T.l,who in 1570 inscribed to him his work 
1j)bri<i siiis ppopriin.' Jolin Stow was 
another friend and cnn-fspnndent. lie wrote 
to Stow fromCarebT, IH Jun. 15^0-1, asking 
him to publish Leland's 'Commentaries,' or 
whatever he hsd of Leland's whether I^tin 
or English ; recommends the publication of 
8tow*s manifold antiquities under the title of 
*.Stow'« Storehouse;* desin.'s Stow ton>eBk fo 
Camden about printing the history of Tobit 
in Latin verse; sjid states that he intended 
a discourse about the authors cited hy Stow 
in his 'Chronicle' (/far/^mn Jf A:. S74,f. U). 
Hatcher was buried at Caretnr on 14 Nov. 
168fl. 

He married Catharine, dauf^htcr and heiress 
of Thomas llcde, son of Uicbard Kede of 
'Wisbech, and hnd issue John, elected from 
Eton (0 King's College, Cambridge^ in 15H4, 
who succeeded to the estates of his grand- 
father, l)r. John Hatcher, and received the 
honour of knijflitlKKMl ; Henri", 5^)nietime of 
St. John's College, Cambridf^v ; "William ; 
Alice, wife of NicholsH (tunter, sometime 
mayor of iCeailtng ; and other daughters. 

Hatcher wrote: I. ' Catalogiia I'rwpnsi- 
toniro. Rociorum, ct Schnlnrium Collegii lie- 
galis ("antabrigiie. a tempore fundalionis nJ 
annum 1/J7-,' manuflcri]>t in Caius College 
Library, ! 73. fl 19 ; Harleian MS. (JU ; Ad- 
ditioiuil M.SS.5954, SWoo, Wood had a copy 
of tJiifi work, which he frequently quotes. 
Thitcatsloguc was continued to lOllOhyJolin 
ScotI, cornner of the college, from that year 
to Kiilihy OeorgeClnnd, and final! ve\tendfd 
to 1710 by William Cole f I7l4-17k») [<j. v.], 
•whoso* Historv of King's College, CambndgeV 
is now in thetiriltsli Miuimtm (Addit. MS8. 
6t*l4-17). *.''. ' Do viris ilhwtribus Acodemin; 
Cantab, reg id,' manuscript. This is said to bo 
in two books, in centuries, according to the ' 



I 



BcthodofBale. 3. LfttnTenea^a) '<>nth«l 

netitBtM»ofBaoeraadFkgiDa,*lMO; (&)*Iiil 
eommendatioB of Bishop Alice's Poor Man% I 
Lifamy/ 1571 : (r) * In oonuneodation of] 
Carr and WtlBon's D«iil0«theou ; * (<f) ' Oa J 
the death of Nirbolas Carr;' (e^ *On FreTc'a) 
translation of Hippocratos ; ' {jT) * In Para- ! 
celsitas,' Ma C.C.C. Oxob. 25*?, f. 67 ; (^> ; 
On the death of Dr, Whitlington gored by a 
bull ; in Foie's 'Acts and Monuments.* 

Hatcher also edited Dr. Walter Haddon's ^ 
*Lucubratinnt's et Poemata,' l-'iOr, and Dr.fl 
Nicholaj-Carr'soratior.* 'Oe scriptorum Dri-™ 
tannicorum paucitate,' lo76. 

[Addit, MSS. 5515 p. 100. 2f4M p. S16;, 
Ames"sTrp.Antiq.(Herl»ert), p. 698;BakerM.'=(.j 
iii. 32S ; too[wr'« Athenaft Cantabr. L 483. 5G9;| 
Foster's Griys Inn Reg. p.fto; GoughVBritiRhl 
Topography,' i. 18o. 219. 221 ; Hart. MSS. 1 190 
f. AU h. l->50 fi*. I9t ft, 202 b ; Hsrwood's Alumni i 
Eton. pp. 171. 194; Hrywood and Wright's Ijiwa 
of Kiogs aad Kton Co'llcgM, p. Sl'i; Mostets'si 
life of Baker, p. 119 ; Smith'sCkt. of Cnios Col-l 
l«ge1ISS.p.86; Cal.of 8tate Papfra^Dom. Id47-1 
I MO, p. 282; Slrype's Works (general indvx); 
Tannor's BibL Brit. p. 581.] T. C. 

HATCHER, THO>LVS (1589?-1677)f 
captain in the parliamentary army, bom about 
I5H9, was son of Sir John Hatcher, k-nt., of 
Cnreby, Lincolnshire, by hLs first wifu Anne, 
daughter of James Crowes ( Blobe, Jlutiand, 
p. 1 "AX). Thnmns Hatcher, theantitjuary [q. v."', 
was his fpundfalher He was elected SLP. 
for Lincoln on 2 Feb. lfi2ti-4, for Limntham 
on L*9 Feb. 16i'7-8, and for SUmford on 
24 March 1639-40. He also reprmmted 
Stamford in the Lon^ parliament, and sat for ^ 
Linc-olnahire from 1654 to 1659(iVemAer«q/^fl 
PixrliameHi, Official lirtum, pt. i.) At the 
outbreak of the civil warllatclicr sided with 
the parliameot.nnd became captain of a bor^e 
regiment. On t*8 April H>I2 he was ordered 
to accompany the Karl uf Sltmiford and other 
commanders into Lincolnshire, and thence to 
Kingston-upon-llull (Ualtox, W'ray* of 
Gientworth, ii. 29). In June he was acting 
as one of the parliament iiry committee for 
Lincolnshire (»/». i. 22H), and in November 
be marched with others inlothe No-flh Riding 
nf Yorkshire to oppose the progress of the 
Knrl of Newcastle ( I'b. ii. 39), taking part in 
tile light nt Sherhurn and prohably other 
engngt>nient8 {th. ii. 41). He was included 
in the list of 'traitors' mentioned in New- 
cjistle'rt prnclaninlion of 17 Jan. 1613 {ib. i. 
24ti). In I he following. \ugii8t he was nomi* 
nated a commiiteioner from the jwrliament to 
the oatares and kingdom of Scotland {Cat, 
.State Pajyert, Dora. 1641-3, p. 476K Hcwofl 
present at the battle of Marston Moor, and' 
was with the leaguer before York in June i 




Hatchett 



»53 



Hatfield 



And JtJ»v IfiU iitK Horn. 1B4I, jip. 287, 303, 
iill). ParlianiPiit ^lispeiwo*! with bis Tvsi- 
dencc with th'j Scot* conimijwiontru iu (lie 
tiorlh in September {^i'ommoM ,TmirTiah^ iii, 
'J30). Jlatchcr wft!* biim-d nt Careby on 
1 1 Jul}' 1*>77. By hU wife Cntlierint-, daugh- 
ter of WiUiam Ayscoiighe of South Kelstey, 
I jncoltishire, ho had u eon John ond a 
cUughterKlutahHh. Mrs. Hoa-her was buried 
at Careby on la Dec Itlol. 

[Afllborilies in llio l«t.] G. G. 

HATCHETT, CI!ARLES(l76o?-lft4D, 

chemiht.boru about 1705, wnxthe^nnof Jolin 
Hatchett, coachbuiidcr, of Lone Acre, Ltin- 
<lon, by KlUabcth his wife, lit- woh ehn-ted 
F.K.S. on y March 171)7 (Thomson, JUmL 
Hojf. Hoc. Appond. iv. p. Isiv). On -'I Feb. 
1B09 he became a membtT <»f tbt- Liternry 
Clrtb, oripinally founded by Dr. JohnHon anil 
}<ir Joi>)lum Hcynold* in I'M, and on the death 
<if Dr. Itumi'y in Ik] 1 he was appointed trea- 
«»riT He furnislu-d Ji >hn \V ilwon Croker with 
An account of the clut) and a romplet e list of ltd 
members, printed in BoBwidl's * Iif(> of .lolni- 
bon.'ed. Croker, 1. AiiJ. 628. Hatchett died 
en 10 Feb. 18-17 at Bellevue House, Chelsea, 
■^ird S*J, and was buried near his parents and 
twife Elixabeth (rf. l.'^--J7) at Upton-^iura-Chal- 
ey, Huckin^htimshire (Lipscomb, Bucking- 
■fkire, ir. 570; Gntt.Mrrr/. new »er. x.xriii. 
14 1.5). He waaaulhorofatreatioe 'On the 
Bikumanl of the Ancient*,' 4to, I^indon, 
S36.and conlributed many papers to Nichol- 
Q*a •Journal' and to thw * rhilosophieal 
aaotions.* Tlie mon> imiKjrtant of the 
Itter were publiBhed »eparati-ly between 
rtlH and IHtKi.aud comprised: 'An Analysis 
f thu Mrti;ne(icnl Pyrites, with remarks on 
ome other 8ul phiin-l a of Imn/ London, 1^04, 
); ' On an Artifirtnl Substance which pos- 
llheprineipalcliaracterislirsof Tannin,' 
[», l80-% 4to. A lolenihly completo 
' of his ii'ritin^ti and «ome account ot bra 
lictured and cunositim, topt-llier with hia 
Drtrait engraved b\- F. C. I^ewis after the 
■intinjr by T. Phillips, will 1m found in 
iulkner's * History of Chelsea,' ed. 1820, i. 
■-l>2. 

[Aiithontir«uaboT«; Ilrit.Mtu. Cat.; Watt's 
ibL Brit.) Q. O. 

HATCLIFFE. VINPKNT (1001-1671). 
suit. [See Si-bnclu, Joiix.^ 

I HATFIELD, JOHN (17.»8?-lfi03),farger, 
Dm of parent.-) in humble circumfttAnces, 
Blotlmm in Ijonprt-ndale, Cheshire, before 
"oU, scema to have had a fair education. 
• became travellef to a linendni]M>r in the 
'lof England about 1772, and paid his 



nddrcgises to a natural daughter of I^rd 
Hobert Manners, who waft lo receive a dower 
of 1,(KX>/. if she married with her fatlier's 
approbation. Lord Itobert, deceived by Hat- 
field's demeanour, a»;ented tn his proposal of 
m&rringit. and presented him at his weddin^f 
with 1,500/. Hatfield shortly went up to 
London, described himself oa a near relation 
of the Hutiand family, and lived in luxury. 
When hii* money was spent he disappeanKi, 
abandoning his wife (who soon died broken- 
liearted) and thrue dniight«rs. 

After several years' iil>s«nce Hatfield re- 
tumeil to London in 1782. Uiscanserwascub 
sliort by his committal to the King's Bench 
prison for a debt of ICO/. Here by his arts of 
lyiiiL'Aiid boasting- he induced a clergyman to 
lay his case before the Duke of Rutland, who 
gem-rouftlv sent lum 200/. and secured his 
release. When the duke became lord-Iieu- 
tenant of Ireland in I7H4, HntHeld wtnl to 
Dublin, and by impudiinlly claiming^ rela- 
tionship with the viceroy lived for a time 
on credit. He was sfKin committt^d to thu 
Munthnlsea, when the duke again paid hta 
deblrt and sent him out of the country. He 
continued his career of imposture until 
arrested for an hotel bill at {^carborou^ on 
2'> April I7i>2. He remained in the bcar- 
borougli gaol for more than seven yearn, but 
evenlufllly managed lo excite the pity of 
Miss Nation, a DeTonsbire lady, who lived 
with her mother in a house oppositetho pri- 
son. She paid Lis debts, and, though she 
is said never to have spoken to him till he 
quitted the gaol, married him next morn- 
ing (^14 Sept. IWKJ). The pair went to Dul- 
vert(Ki in Somersetshire, where by fraudu- 
lent representations Hatfield obtained both 
money and credit. He lived in London once 
again in magnitlcent style, and even can- 
vassed (^ueenborough, hoping, no doubt, to 
get OS a member of parliament immunity 
from arresr, but, nrcswd by his creditors, 
he procured a few hundred pounds and dis- 
siipeared, leaving his second wife and her 
young child in Somersetahire entirely depen- 
dent on cliarity. In August 1801 he arrived 
at K««wJck in CumlH-rland, in a handsome 
carriiige, and assunnnl the nnme of the Hon. 
Alexander Augustus Hopf.M.P. for Linlith- 
gow, brother of the Karl of Hnjwloun. He 
spent his time in excursions, and on n visit 
to Grasmerc became acquainted with a Liver- 
pool gentleman named Crump, whose name 
and credit be emploved when in want of 
money. By boldly franking letters in his 
assumed name he silenced all suspictan in 
the neighbourhood. An intrigue with a lady 
of fortune came to nothing. But the re- 
putation of Mary Robtu»on, the 'Butter- 



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lir wJiM tiitrir tn the Prince ot'Walos. Ik'I'it-' 

lliK he liiul l)(.-ori jirt'Si-nted to the prt'ljenil of 

l.iihlitijrton in the churfii of ]..im'oln. 1312 

( I.i; Ni:vi;, Frntti ]jil. Antfliv. etl. lliinly, ii. 

I ,S), iitiil nn 17 Doc. l:W;i he was collated tiv 

I lint "f I'Vidaythorpc in the church of Y()rk 

\/.'i, lit. IS(H. A year later ho was pjven 

iin.'iliiT Lincnln iirfhcml, that of JiiickJen 

\t:- II. Illh. The Thomas do Ilalfu.-ld who 

'■ • '' " Will |'it'l»i'iid«ry of U.xpalo in St. Puul's Ca- 

^ ^ iltf.liiil \il'. ii. lLt)>l»<'lonfrs n^Miarenrly to aii 

■«. ,\\.' ,uli.i in'iu'nirum. On 14 April )34") Uiclmrcl 

.4 till .*! lliir\ . bisluip of iKirhaiu, died, and Ed- 

' ■ ,» i\ \\ tul ill vh'<*ir\^l to raise Hatfield to the see. 

\ III.' \ni'tdiii,i,M»' the Story handeil down at St. 



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Hatfield 



155 



Hatfield 



Jbuu (Ckrwi. A»9l ed. E. M. Tl dj*: ::i. 
874, p. 20; 'WALSWOHiJi. J^-Wij-w-j »»- 
<rie, ed. H. T. RUev. I -?:«. p. i-4 ■. :"=rr ii=-r 
arased great scandal br wririnr :> :i* p-;«r 
ID fkTour of his secretArr. »*;d wh'e= s.:^^ vf 
the cardinals objected * dictum Th :■=!= :*~ nr 
lerem et laicum.* Clemeni W r^-jli-eii. ■ ^'rT>?. 
si rex pro af ino sapplicasser. ■■•Kir:il5*ir: x * 
vota ista rice.' Murimuth tp. IT! < ::=7>*.:-rs 
that the monk? of Durham bad th-^ nr-v tUbop 
forced upon them, but no men: ion is arivwh'-ri^ 
nude of their proposinj anoth-^r canii-ii'e. 
liatfield was elected on > May iChambee. 
p. 133, where the Tear is accidental!^ riv^n as 
1346; LEXETi:.m.290i. Tte ord^^r : r tb- 
restoration of the temporal;::** wa.* z:vea on 
the 24th (Rtmer, Fttdera. K«ord ed.. i::. pt. i. 
40), and thev were restored to him f-n 2 Juar 
(S*gutr. I^alat. Dunelm. ed. Sir T. IhilTas 
Hardr,iv.<}lM.l>7M.hisapp>inTmeDt having 
been confirmed a dav earLer iStcbb?. Et^i. 
Saer. Anglic, p. •>4>. He was coa<ecra:ed on 

10 Jaly (not 7 .\u(r., as Murimuth save. p. 
172),and enthroned on Christ mas day I Chax- 
BRE, p. 137). 

llatfield's relations with the court cau<e«I 
him to be of^en absent firom his diiKese. ( hi 
1 7 July 1345, before his consecration, the kir.^ 
when going to Flanders appointed him one of 
the councillors of his son Liontrl. who was 
left as regent (Rymer, iii. pt. i.oUt. In th«r 
autumn of the same year, when the pope wrote 
to Edward urgint; him against making war 
"with France, he directed Hatfield at the same 
time to use his advocacy with the king( Mi'Kl- 
MUTH, p. 176). Doubtless he counted upon 
the support of so recently favoured a nominee. 
But the pope's statement of the case was too 
plainly dictated in the French interest. and his 
arguments were of no avail (lA. pp. 177-8^^». 
liatfield accompanied Edward to Franc*', 

11 JuIt 1340 (i&. p. 199; fr. le Baker, p. 79). 
and after the battle of Cr^cy he performed 
the funeral serv'ice for the king of Bohemia, 
27 Ang. ((*. p. So"). He then attended Ed- 
vard on his march to Calais, where he was 
on 6 Sept. ( Rtmer, iii. pt. i. 90), and probably 
remained for some time longer. In July the 
prior of Durham sent him intelligence of the 
threatened Scottish invasion, and in October 
informed him of the battle between DuHiam 
and Bearpark (since known as that of Nevill's 
Cross) on 17 Oct. {Letterg fiwn Isorthfm 
JtegitUrtj ccxii. ccxLii. pp. 385-9, where the ' 
letters are printed). On 10 Dec. the bishop 
waa summoned with other northern lords to 
attend a council to take measures touching . 
the war with Scotland (Rtxer, iii.pt. i. 97), 
and between 1360 and 1367 he was placed at 
leaat six times upon commissions to treat for , 
peMa with that country and for the ransom ' 



■:f Divii Brwe. la 1-^55 AT#bu^T^p. 427 > 
cr«ec::s b".= wit b hrizLz instrunwatal in making 
a '.T10-. bit tbis n:::ee pr>b*bly wfew to the 
n*c-"tiat :•:!!* oi-E.vmlnr I^avid's ransom ia 
13.>4 . EniE2. iii. p. i.\V5-91. i?i»3). 

Mranwhil-T- Hi:ieli wi* rw^uenily in the 
sc-zr^ of KsjUzi. in iTTrsdance at parliament 
or a: the oc ir. i.»a 1^ Manrh liVJ-4 the ad- 
sai;al in the n rrrb^rs parts wasordered to prtv- 
viie three sbi j* to cattt t hr bishop's* vict uals * 
on hi* cosiirj t-> parliament i &. p. 275 ». l.>n 
22 K-rb. 13.>4-^". he ■ rwe; vr^l from : he h.^ly font ' 
the kind's s-:n TboEias at W(»ls:.,vk t -Vtes- 
BrKT. p. A'^li. and in the foU'-vwinir autumn 
he acc*:^mranie*i £dwa;d into France, himself 
attended by a hundred men-at-arms and other 
f :rc*s I ib. p. 4:?7 ». The surprise of Berwick 
in November called the kinj^ to the border, 
and on hi? Prtum early in IS-V. after his 
raid into ?^>:land, he left HattJeld with the 
lor»ls Perrv and Xevill in charce of the de- 
fence rtf tie north-east frontier \ib, p. 4oOV 
The bish-^p took part in the pmcee<iinjrs of 
1»» Auz- l-tVn Ktxcr. iiL pt. i. :it».V-ti>. which 
le^J to the final release of the Scots king, 
:i-o <Jct. \ib. pp. 37:?-''* t. Three years later, 
lK>Auc. 13(>0. and aeain Ho June 13()L>, Hat- 
field was empiwered with others to treat for 
aperpetual[>««cewith Scotland (I'A. pp. 508 f., 
pt. ii. t>59 >. AfttT David's death early in 1371 
there was a^n ariskof di-iturbancefrom the 
side of Scotland, and on l»6 Feb. 1372-3 Hat- 
field was commanded to stay at the border 
and to take military precautions (ih. pt. ii. 
936). Tlie same onler is repealed 20 July 
1377 {ib. \\. 11). 

Not long after the accession of Richard II 
IlatHt^ld's health showe<l signs of failing. In 
a letter of 15 Dec. 1379 or i;J^Ohe entreated 
the monks of Durham to pray for his re- 
covery (Hift. Ihtnrlm. Uript. /re*, -Vpp- 
cxxviii. pp. cxlv f), and as he grew weaker 
he became the more instant in almsgiving. 
He died at his manorhous*> of .\ldfonle. near 
liondon (probably Old Ford, then in tho 
parish of Stepney, Middlesex*), on 8 May 
l^iSl. after a pontificate of just six-and-thirtv 
years (Chambre, pp. 138 t". and.Vpp. cxxxii. 

Ccxlviii). His remains were bnuight to 
urham, and were burit^l in the tomb which 
he had prepared beneath his own thn^ne in 
the cathedral. But the funeral did not take 
place without an unpleasant dispute between 
the prior and the bishop's exwutorsas to the 
former's perquisites {ib. pp. 141 f. and App. 
cxxxii, cxxxiii). 

Hatfield is described by Cliambro as a 
magnificent man and venerable to look upon, 
given to hospitality and lai^ in his charit ies. 
To the monks of Durham ho showed himself 
kindly and generous, and he was as strcuuouA 



Hatfield 



i5« 



Hatha\vay 



ti protector of llie liberties ami the posscs- 
sioiu of th(> monasterv (ef. JliAt. Duuetm. 
iicnpt. treft, App. cxv. p. cxxxv) as lie was nf 
(be privilegeR of hU ee« (('iiamdrr, p. 1^7). 
Tlie relations between the dioceses of Uurhoin 
Hiid York were frequently troubled in conse- 
uuence of t!ie uswrtion by lb« Archbinbop of 
York of prerogative* which hw sulfmjran was 
indisi>o»e<l to nllow in practice; nnd during 
liatfaL'ld'a jHiutiticatetbe biehop himself was 
credited with active bo«iilityQfi:aiiist htssupe- 
rior, AVhcn on Kl Feb. l.'i4H-9 two of nis 
clerks committed n disfftaccful outrage inYork 
minster. Archbishop /ouch stated that it was 
believed (if the reading of the text is rtvht) to 
be with tlie bishrii^-coneent and connivance 
(Lettrrn/fttm y'lrtnw-n lit^ifter^, pp. ;ji>7-1)) ; 
and in l-'i/JT-H llmfield hwd [nobtnin a formal 
ne<juiltai)ce( March 10| frr)in the king of any 
complicily in on attack which it was a88erte<l 
he hud made iu perMmwith u body of armed 
men upon Thomas f^alkcld, bishop of Cbrv- 
bopolis, who was acting as suflragan to the 
nrchbi^ht.>p (W<.' Srt'iMi*, lif^. Saci: Anyiic. 
143 f.) at Kexby, in the immedialu neigh- 
bourhtiod of York (Hyuer, iii. pt. i. 389). 
In 1H74 Aloxander Nevill, aremlencon of 
Durham, was made archbi^liop, and it iva.s 
llattield who deliven;d him the pall and con- 
secrated him iHfijiatr. Palat. Dunehn. iii. 
524-7); but in tpitcof the local and personal 
connection Nevill afl'routed the Bishop of 
Durban) by aCtemptiiuf to conduct visitationti 
within bis diocese, lie wan n'Mrained by a 
Kiyal ordtT of 17 July 1H76 (Ili^'t. Dunetvi. 
Hcrij't. trrx^ App. cxxvi. pp. cxliii f.), but the 
injunction had to \)c repeated on U7 Dec. 1U77 
(WluclKi*, Concilia, iii. \'2i). 

Uatflold'n muniticence has its record in his 
buildingB at Durhiitn, wlien^ ho (■^«^t'ted part 
of the south side of the choir of the cathedral, 
including the biahop's throne, and restored 
and added to the castle (Cii amuhk. pp. IS7f.). 
iho hall of which i* mainly hiji work ((Ikkkn- 
WELI-, pref. to liijt/ioji Jliifjlr/d'.i Surrrt/, p. 
vi). He a\t»t built a mannrhoufie and chapel 
in Loudon (^Umamdri:, p. l^H), and founded 
« Carmelite house ai Northallerton (Goijwiy, 
ii. y30). In Oxford ho was a benefactor of 
the college which had existed for the use of 
monks from Durliam since the last years of 
<he thirteenth centun*, and who»e building* 
stood on the ^i^e of tlie present Trinity Tol- 
lege. The wchemi' which Bishop Kichard of 
]{ury had drawn out for the foundation of a 
regularly established college was elaborated 
by his succoRsor, who provided for the mnin- 
tenance of eight monks and eight secular 
Atudents. The foundatirin, however, was not 
■completed until after Hatfield's death (ttee 
CuuiBBB, pp. las, 140, aud II. C. Maxwell 



Lite. Jlist. of the t'titc. of Ojford, iS-^.pp. 
105, 1511). A* other ei-idcnco of the bishop's 
wealth it may l>e nott-d that he lent Kin^ 
Edward two thouisand marks in or before 
1370 (Utmeh, iii. pt. ii. b03, M)l). and that 
according to his will he lent Alice Ferrers 
one thousand marks {^Tfntamenta S>oracni^ 
Kia, Surtees Society, 1^3ii, p. 121). In tliin 
will he al«Q made l>equci(ti«, among others 
to his godjton, Thomas of Wot>dstock, and 
to his nephew, Johu-ropham. But most 
of his gifts were made during hjs lifetime. 
There is an inventory of his gxwdt in the first 
volume of * WiiU and Inventories of the 
Northern Counties' (Surtees Society, 18351^ 
pp. 30-8 ; aud other particular? of his be- 
quests and endowments will be found in the 
Appendix cxxxii. to t be ' 1 list. Dunelm. Script. 
tn.'Sj'pp. cxlix ti". A sunvy of the poseeiBiions 
of the see of Durham, made by Hatfield's di« 
rection,and apparently completed about Kit'l^. 
is also published. The bishop's n-gister^wbicU 
is preserved at Durham, is said by Mr. Itaine 
to be of small general interest, consisting 
mainly of the ' formal record of the working 
of the diocese' {Letters from Kortkem iZe- 
tfieiertf Pref. p. x). 

[Life by Vp*i]liam dc ChambreiD HxsU Dunelm, 
Soriplonu Ires, cd. J. Kaine (Surtees Soe., 1839), 
with appendix of documents ; Hi-xturical Paper* 
and iJjtturB frum the- Northern Kegisters, ed. 
J. Kaiae(KijlUi^r.),1873: Bi-ohupUaLfield'sSoiv 
TPy.cd. W. GrecnweU (aurlecaSoc.. 1857) ; Ad« 
M mrimuth Coot i a. L'hronioaruin ct Rob. de Ave;^ 
burv do Gertis Mirab. Kdw. lU, ed. E. MaunJs 
Thompson (KoIIb Ser.), 1889 ; Galfridi le Baker 
do awynbroka Chron. ed. K. M. Thomjison, 
Oxfoni. 1889: F. Godwin. Da Pi^csulibw, cd. 
Kichordiion, 1743; other sources cited above.] 

K. L. P. 



I 



I 



HATHAWAY, HICHAUD {fl. 1702), 
impiwror, wan a blaeksinithV appreutiee of 
Soulhwurk. In February 1700 be gave out 
llml he wa5 Itewitched by on old womAU 
named Sarali Morduek, the wife of a water- 
man, and that, as an ctlect of her sorcerji ^ 
he vomited naiU and pin!<, was unable l<ftS 
eat, speak, or open his eyes, aud was other- 
wise strangely affected. His oiilv remedy 
was to scratch Morduck until she bled, when 
be recovered for a time. He prepared a mir- 
rative of his case, but the printer to whom 
he took the copv refused t<i have anything 
tn do with it. Slordnck, the reputed witcli^ 
was brutally iU-UM'd. She left Southwark, 
but Ilftthaway^ occonipanied by » mob, fol- 
lowed her to her new lodging* in the city 
of London in the spring of 1701, and created 
an uproar. He was carried before an alder- 
man, who credited his story, committed Mor- 
duck to prison, and subjected her to grosw 



'57 



personal indi^lties. Slu- wn^irieil for witcli- 
cralt at (Tuildlxall at^sizes in July ntid ao 
quittcd, whereupon lUthaway waa ordered 
to ta^o his triftl as a cheJtt nnd a rioler. 
Popular sympathy was in hi« favour. Bilb 
•were put up lu several churches to pray for 
Lhim ftffainst bis trial, aad subscriptions were 
IBtortBu for his support. Ilewa^trittd before 
Chief-justice Holt on two indictments for 
impoHture, hot. and assmilt, found guilty on 
all cliargvs, and on 8 May 1702 was fined 
two hundred marlc?*, and iwnlenced to stand 
in the pillory at S^iutbwark, C'urnhiU, and 
Temple Bar on three differt^ut days (lirx- 
THtJLL, Uriff JRelatimi, v. 172), aftur which 
he waa to be well flogged and kept to hard 
labour for six months. Nothing further U 
known of him. 

fCobbcct and Howell's Stale Trials, xir. 639- 
69fl.} a. G. 

HATHERLEY. Lord (lK)l-18«l),lord 
cliauodlnr. .St-e Wood, William Paqe.] 

HATHERTON.I^RD(1791-18fl3). [Sec 
ItiTTLL-Tox, KnwAan John." 

HATHWAY, RICIIAKI) (/. \G0-2), 
liet.waj! pnjbiibly a nativo of Warwick- 
Several faniiliea of the name resided 
in thesixtecnthcenturyatStratford-on-Avon 
and it.« immediate nt-ighbr)urhood. Shake- 
apeare'a wife waa Anno 1 lath way nr Ilntha- 
way of Shottery, and her father's christian 
name was Richard. Kichard llathway, tht* 
dramnlist, was possibly n?lated to the Shot- 
tery family (cf. lLlLMWKI,L-!*HILLn'rH,0«/- 
/fUM of Lift of Shakfspeaiv, 7lh edit. ii. 
183 m.) 

Allhoug'h named by Francis Meres in IBOS 

^fta amoup the beat writers of comedy in his 

lay ( M'lYV Treasuty, New Shakspcre Soc, 

p. Irtl), llathway waa one of the Htrui^ling 

iramfttist:^ in the'payof Philip Ilen.dowe, the 

nanagor of the Rose Theatre, ami usually 

rrote in coiguDctioa with one, two, or three 

.nit«rs in the same unhappv condition. Only 

one of the plays In whicli no was concerned 

' I known to be extant, and that is in print. 

It is entitled * Tlie Pin»t Part of theTrue and 

llonorsble Iliatorie of ihe Life of Sir John 

)ld-ciistle, the good Lord Cobhom ; ' was 

flayed for the first time at the Uose between 

. and 8 Nov. 1599, and was. the joint work 

f Hathway, Drayton, Munday, and Robert 

Vilson,who,on the previous UJOct., received 

, lltfnslowe for t he first part and in ear- 

^lieftt of a second part 10/. The suci'''-'i5 seems 

to have been siifltcient to indiiei' Hen»luwe 

I make the four poets a pr<'.si>[it of half a 

own each (Duiiy, Shakespeare Soc, p. 1&8). 



sennnts m iiensiowes inearrc in i 
for which the manager paid the aii 
* in earnest' 11 April Ijff?. 2. ' ^ 
aud UrBon'(witU Munuay), acted 



The play, together with a second part, was 
licenced for publication by the Stationers* 
Com|iany to Thomas Pavier 11 Aug. ItiOO. 
Nothing is known of the second part bevond 
this entry in the Stationers' registers, which 
doe* not supply the authors' names. Two 
editions of the hrst part were isitued inquarto 
by Paviur in 1600 — one anonymously, and 
the other with the name of Shakespeare on 
the title-page, a very fraudulent device. 

In the wimptwition of the fnllowing plays, 
none of themextant, llathway is r>iuorted tt> 
have had a slmre; 1. 'The Life of Arthur, 
King of England,' acted by the lord admiral'i* 
sennnts in Henslowe's theatre in 1598, and 

uthor 20«. 

Valentine 
ted in 1598 
(an interlude with this title, ' played by her 
nnaiestys players,* was licensed lor publication 
23 May 159o,ftnd' a famous history,' with thi» 
title, ttlflo played by ' her majesty's players,' 
was similarly licensed 31 Mareh 1509-1000, 
but no printed copy is known). 3. 'Owen 
Tudor ' (wit hWilsoii.Mundoy, and Drayton), 
for which thev received on account 4/. in 
Junuory 15f>9 (VA. p. I6S). 4. ' Hannibal and 
Scipio' (with William Knnkinsj, in January 
ItiUO (iff. pp. 97, 174, 175). 5. An unnamed 
play(withRankia3)inJaiiiiarj' R>00, in whicli 
ocogan,or Scoggin, and Skelton (a Jester and 
jester^poet of the reign of Henry Vlll) were 
characters {id. p. 175>. 6. 'Tlie Fayre Con- 
stance of Rome' (with Munday, Drayton, and 
Dekkcr), which was completed on 14 June 
10(X) (i*&. p. 171). A week later the four poets 
were busy on a second part of the same drama 
(I'd. p. 172). 7. 'The Conquest of Spain by 
John of Oaunt,*a play belonging to the spring 
of D>0] {with Day and WUliam Ilaughton) 
(cf. Alleyn Papers, Shakefpeare Soc., p. 25). 
8. *The Sixe Clothyers of the West '< with. 
llathway, Wcntworth Smith, and Haugh- 
ton), in May or June 1601. A second part 
waa acted in the same year. 9. ' Too Glood 
to be True, or the Poor Northern .Man,' a piece 
founded upon the old ballad reprinted by the 
Percy S'K'iety in 1841 (with Henry Cbettle 
and Went worth Smith) in 1001 (Aliryn 
Ptiftrri; p. 25). 10. * As Merry as Moy be ' 
(with Wentwortli Smith and Day), acted in 
1602. 11.' The IJlack Doff of Newgnlo' (with 
Dav, Smith, and ' the other poet '), actc<i in 
D3(52. A second part was produced in the 
same year. 12. * The Boaat of Rillingsgate * 
(with'Day), acted in 1602. 13, 'The F.ir- 
tunate General : a French History,' acted in 
1002. 14. 'The UnfortuiuitcOenerar (with 
Day, Smith, and * the other piX't '), acted 
enrlv in UiO;*i. Hathway has vertcs before- 
J. Bodonham's ' Belveddre,' 1600. 



Hatsell 



iS8 



Hattedyffie 



[llnDter'liChonu Vatam, t. 5S» (Addit. MS. 
tl449l): Baker*! Biog. Dnm. 1812; HalUwells 
Diet, of OW Plftja; HewIowe'B DUiT (8hafc»- 
•pean Soc.) ; F. O. Flm/a AanaU of Uie Staga.] 

HATSBLI^ Sib HENKY a64l-1714), 
judfte, was son of Kenrj Hatflell of Sditeftm, 
in the parish of PI jmpton St. Mwy, Dbtot- 
chire, an active roundnetd, who was M.P. fiw 
JK-vonsUire in the parliaments of 16M and 
366ti, and for Plvmpton in that of 1668. 
IIenr>' Hatsell the yoanger was bom in 
March 1011, and educated at Exeter College, 
Oxfonl, where he graduated B.A. on 4 Febu 
16G8-9. He entered the Middle Temple in 
the following year, was called to the oar in 
16(37, and to the degree of seijeant-at-law in 
May 1089, and in Novemberl697 was created 
a baron of the exchequer, and knighted. 
lie tried Spencer Cowper [q. v.], afterwards 
justice of tne common pleas, on the charge oi 
murdering Sarah Stout in 1699. His patent 
was renewed on the accession of Anne, but 
shortly afterwards (9 June 1702) he was 
Kmoved. Ho died in April 1714. Hatsell 
married Judith, daughter of Josiah Bateman, 
merchant, of London,and relict of Sir Richard 
Shirley, bart., of Preston, Sussex. His eon, 
llenryld. 1703), wasabencher of the Middle 
Temple. 

[Gftnt. Mag. 1840. ii. 2; Hist. HSS. Comm. 
ard liep. 266 a. 7th Rep. 117 a. 691 A; BwL 
Hint. iii. 1429, H71». 1682; Wynnc'n Serjeant- 
nt-lAw ; Luttroll's Rol. n( Htato Affairs, it. 309, 
V. 181 ; Lonl Rnymond's Itop. p. 260; Berry's 
CoiinlyOeDfBiilugiua.Huwtpx, p. 172; Burke's Ex- 
tinct llnronetnf^, tit. * Sliirlev ; ' Catof Oxf. Gra- 
duiites ; Kom'h Lives of the Judges.] J. M. R. 

HATSELL, JOHN (174;J-18i.'0), clerk of 
the House of Commons, bom in 1743, was 
educated at Queens' CoUego, Cambridge, and 
afttirwards studied law in the Middle Temple, 
of which society he became senior bencher. 
Ho was clerk assistant in the House of Com- 
mons at the close of the reign of George II, 
and became chief clerk in 1708. Lord Col- 
chester knew him well, and acknowledged 
him 1 be the best authority on parliamentary 
procedure. Hatsell retired on 11 July 1707 
witii the thanks of the house. Ho died at 
Ttlarden Park, near Oodstone, Surrey, ou 
15 Oct. 1820, and was buried in the Temple 
Church. 

Ho was the author of : 1. 'A Collection of 
Cases of Privilege of Parliament, from the 
earliest records to 1628,' London, 1776, 4to. 
In the British Museum there is a copy with 
copious manuscript notes by Francis Har- 
ffrave. 2. ' Precedents of Proceedings in the 
IIouso of Commons, under separate titles ; 
with observations,' 4 vols. London, 1781| 4to; 



•eeood dBLl78»-«6;tlM«lit.l79S; «miA 
Md ben «ait^ with mUtiam W QtA» 
Ahbot [q. T.;^ Lmd CaltfceilLr, 18ia 

{QmL ]Is» imB, ft. & STI; Km. Sfat rf 
Liriw A^faBB. fL 14t: I«mdsAfiU.KB. 
(Bola)^ti.l011 : CBlA iiitir'aPiasy,] IC. 

phynenn aad wurtij to £dw»dTy,«ii 
one of thooriginri ■rfcniaiii qf KMrtOilljjift 
OHnhridge.nniitedijHMrr'Vf « UKk 
1440 (Coom, ..i— ft qfChMiri^r. L 1»; 
et Mtt. RirL r. 87). a» g wd MteJ ss a 
doctor of mwdirinff, Mid w»<»a of ths|ty- 
aidans i^ipoiatad ost 6 Apdl 1464 to attsM 
the Idiw pfofaMioBdlT(RnBa, AAra^orii. 
ed. xL SO), •ad oa a Sor.wm iiilii Jin yr 
of the water of Foaae^ witk ML s dsj (dk il 
360). He wia fiiwn iul otl team tha «et cf n- 
■nmption paand m mM feUovuif^ tcv,wmi 
he is deHsibed m ' Doctor in Ifodi^DS nd 
Kuiucion sworn far tlie mnfte of oar penoB,' 
and is stated to ham 40L yenlj ( Asf. JM 
T. 314). On the ■waiim of^Edwvd IV 
he transferred hie Mrrieaa to that monndi, 
and in 1464 was exempted ttam an aetol 
resumption, bnnff then <uie of the roTil p^ 
aictans (A. t. 629); he eleo beoune oo» of 
the royal secretaries— et lee£, then is litds 
doubt that it wis the same William Hstts- 
clyffe — and on 1 Sept. 1404 was sent to tieat 
with Francis, duke of Brittany, fm a tmee 
(Fcederoj zi. 581) ; on 5 Jan. 1468 he wu 
engaged in the n^otiations far the marriage 
of the king's sister, Margaret, to Gharies the 
Bold {ib. xi. 699) ; and later in the year he is 
again mentioned as one of the royalinysicisns 
(^. xL 636). Bnrii^f the short restontioa 
of Henrjr VI in October 1470 Hatteclyffe was 
taken prisoner by the Lancastrians, and was 
in gome danger of being put to death {ParttM 
Letters, ii. 412). On Edward's return he 
was restored to his former position, and wss 
also made master of requests and a royal 
councillor; he was employed in the n^o- 
tiations for an alliance with James IH of 
Scotland in August 1471 {Fcederay zi. 717), 
for commercial intercourse w^ith Bufvundr 
in March 1472 (ib. xi. 738), and with the 
German Hanse in December 1472 (A. xl 
765). A paper of instructions, giren to him 
when going to Utrecht as amba^ador to the 
Haiue, is mentioned by Bernard in the * Cata- 
logus MSS. Anglife ' (mSS, Yelvereon, p. 105, 
Ko. 5407). In 1473 he once more received 
exemption from an act of resumption (Sot. 
Pari. vi. 92), and in March was again nego- 
tiating with Burgundy at Brussels (Bcuton 
Lettern, iii. 88). In December 1474 he went 
to treat with the Emperor Frederick for an 
alliance against Louis XI, and in July 1476 
was ambassador to Christiem of Denmark 



rA'rtT, xi. ft34. xii. 29>. Tie attended Ed- 
iriinl IV to Fnuice in 1475 (Nicolas. Pn»r. 
Vrivp Vouncii^y'i. Preface, p. cxi>. Jlftite- 
«hrf» retained bis officuof wcretarytill 1480, 
WMn a coadjutor was f^ivi^n him on account 
of his ag« ; he died later in thn same vcftr 
\ih. Ti. p. crii). Acconling to Tanner (tome 
tnedtc-iLl prescriptiona of his were preaerred 
at Wnrsloy. 
^^Iitttedvire WHS jmssibly a relative of 
^^ther WiLLi\M IUttix'LYFFB {Jl. 1500), 
who was appointed under-trejisurer of Ire- 
land on '-(1 April 14S)5, and wim in 14f>7-rt 
was on*> of the cnmmiiiHinners appointed to 
pardon Worbeck'a adherents in the western 
couittic'i^ (^Fa-iiera, xii. tl9li ; Lettm and Pa- 
pt-r* Uhi»iraHt^ of liftf/iui of Richard III and 
Henrif I'//, ii. 'UVi, 37r>). Ili<t occountii in 
the fomKT capacity have lw>en print^sl (ih. 
ti. ;iVt7-;ll8y lie married Isiibel, daughter 
of A^ea Paston, and had issue {PoMtou Ltt- 
ier»t iii. 471). A John liatteolyfte served 
under him in IreUad as clerk of the ord- 
nance. 

[Uymer's FiBilera, ori^infil edit. ; Tunncr't 
Bibl. Brit. Qt Hib. p. d»4; I'lLoUin Leltent, ed. 
Gainla«r. .Some reference* to documents cm- 
cect«d vith Hnt t«clyfF**'H dipIomAtic missiuHA will 
bo found in PAlgrarA'e Aotient. Kalendara and 
Foblic Iijtentorios, iii. U, 17. 23; other uuthy- 
rities as quiLad.] C. L. K. 

HATTON". [See also FiycH-HAiros.] 

HATTON, .Sir (.'HIUST0PI[F,U (1540- 
\h\)\ ), b'rd rhonwllor, second son of William 
Hat Ton of 1 (oldenbv, Nort harapt onahire, who 
died in \7i\'^, by Alice, daughter of Lawrence 
•Saunders of 1 larrinf^ton in the same county, 
■wa* bom at Holdenby in 1540. The family 
va3 old, ond claimed, though on doubtful 
evidence, to be of Norman lineojrc. Ilatton 
wa« entered at St. Mary Hall, Oxford, pro- 
bably about 15£5, OS a gentleman-commoner. 
He took no degree, and in November 1559 
was admitted to the society of the Inner 
Temple, wh»!re,accoTdingtoFulIer( U'orthie^, 
'Northamptonshire'), ho ' mther took a iMiit 
than a meal' of le^l study. There is no 
rec-ord of his call to the bur, but the rejfister 
was not then exactly kept (B\k>:b, iVurM- 
mnptomhire^ i. I9tl ; Obhbbod, Vhe*hiri, ed. 
IldabT, iii. 230 ; Wood, FasH O.ron. i. 582). 
At thclnncr Temple rcralfl at Christmas 1501 , 
when a splendid masque was performed, in 
which Lord Kobert Dudley.af^em'anl& Earl of 
l,eiceffter, figured as ' Palaphilos, Prince of 
8ophie,High Constable Marshal of theKnights 
Templars,' (fatton playeii the part of master 
of the game ( Dugdale, Oriy. pp. 150 etse^.) 
Tall, liand.-«ome, and t hn>ughout his lifu a very 
f^raceful dancer, he attracttid the attention of 



the queen at a subsequent masque at court, 
and became one of her gentlemen iH^nttioners 
in June 15«U (Camdks, Ann. Eliz. ed. 1037, 
ii. J-'i; XArxTox, Fragnifnta lietjalia, '11 ^ 
FcLtEH, H or//ii>ji,*Norlhamptoushire;' Cai, 
.State Papers, Dora. 1547-80, p. 242V On 
Sunday, 11 Nov. ISG-ltOndihe two following 
days he displayed his prowess in a tourney 
held before the queen at Westminster, ia 
honour of the marriiige of Ambrose Dudler, 
earl of W'nrwick, with Lady Anne Russell, 
and he jnuntiH] again before the queen at the 
same place in Slay 1571 (Stetpe, Chekt^ p. 
ia;j; }i\cuQi^, Pn»ge.Eliz.\.-SiG). Elixabeth 
gave him in 15>Fj5the abbey and demesne lands 
ofSulbv,nnminally in exchange for his manor 
of Holdenby, which, however, wasat rhe^amo 
time leased tohimforfortyyears.and wostwo 
years later reconveyed to him in fee; she ap- 
pointed him(2yJuly 15fl8) keeperof her parka 
nt KIthnm in Kent and Home in Surrey; 
tihe grunted him the reversion of the otiictt 
of (pieeifs remembrancer in the exchu<|uer 
( 1571>,and estates in Yorkahire.Dorsetshire, 
Ilerofordahire, the reversion of thu monas- 
tery De Pratis in Leicestershire, the steward- 
ship of the manors of Weudlingborough in 
Northamptonshire, and the wardship of three 
minora (1571-2). She also made huu one of 
the gentlemen of her privy chamber, though 
at what date is uncertain, and captain of her 
bodygiiani (1572). It wha the custom for 
the courtiers to make the qut^-n new-year's 
]irt>sentfl, for which they rweived in return 
gifts of silver plate varying from fifty to two 
hundred ounces in weight. Ilatton, however, 
always received four hundred ounces' weighc 
of tfiis plate. 

Hutton's relations with the queen wera 
very intimate. When ho fidl serioosly iU 
in 157!^, she visited him daily, was pensiTO 
when he left for Spa to recover his health, 
and sent her own physician, Julio, with him 
( IIakkr, Aor/Anwi/>^onj»A/rf, i. 195; Stkypb, 
AnnAoX. ii.pt.i.aO<^.3;i7: Strype, Smith.y. 
140 ; LoDciE, Iltugtr. ii. 101 ; NirnoL.i, fnyr. 
Eliz. \. 295; Nicor^.i, pp. 5-8). His letters to 
her while on this journey are written in a veir 
citravagiint style ; c.g". * My spirit, I feel, 
ogrecth with my body and life that to ser\*o 
you is a heaven, but to lack you is more than 
hell's torment unto them. . . . Would God I 
were with you but for one hour. My wita 
are overwrought with thoughts. I find my- 
self amaxed. Bear with me, my most dear 
sweet lady. Passion ovcrcomet Ii me. I can 
write no more. Lovo me, for I love you.* 
He signs himself her ' mfwt happy bondman, 
Lyddes.* She also called him her ' mutton,' 
her ' bellwether,* her 'pecora campi.' Malig- 
nant gossip said that lie was her paramour, 




Hattot 



Hatton 



and the Qiipenof Scots, in a letter written to 
Klizubeth from Sln?fli'.*ld in November 1'jH4, 
ruundly tuxos her wiib the fact. Mnry'n iii- 
formatiou was, however, derived only from 
Lady Shrewsbury, snd there is no substan- 
tiol'gmund for supposing that it was accu- 
rate (SrBTPB, fol. Parker, it. 35tJ; NlCoi*A», 
pp. 13-30,^75 ; I^banokk, LettrM de Marie 
Stwjrf, vi. 5I» 5^ ; Fkoitdb, UUtvry of Eng- 
land, si. ti-S). Ilatton wafl probably in Lon- 
don in October 1573, when Hawkins, the wle- 
bnt«d seaman, was tniataken for him, and 
atabbod in the etreet byonfi Burchet.a puri- 
tan fanatic, who bad vowml to take Uatlon's 
life as an 'enemy ui the ffoapel' Eliubeth 
was banlly niatralned from issuing o cnrarais- 
sion to try Burchet by martini law. In \hlo 
Klizabelh settled on IlnttAjn an nniuitty of 
400/m and Rave him Corfe Ca^jtN- in Dor- 
fwlshire. The Bishop of Kly bad granted 
Ilatton a lease of Kly Place ior Iwenty-ono 
years. Hatton co\'oted th" feo-simjile, and 
persuaded Kliwibeth to write the bUhop a 
letter reqnirinff hira tii alienate it, and, ac- 
cording to the traditional but probably un- 
authentic version, threatening to 'unfrock* 
him if lie did not. The bishop expostulated 
in his best latinity, but a k'lter trom I-Kird 
North intimotiiip that the queuu meant 
exactly what t^he said bruui^ht htm to reasoa 
(20 Nov. 1570). lu lo77 the house was 
further secured toUatton byroyal grant. In 
July lo78 Hatton attended the queen on her 
progress to Audloy End, CL>li'bnitt>d by Cia- 
briel Harvoy in his ' \aipt, vel < imt ulat io Val- 
dtnenitis/ tlie fourth book of which is dedi- 
cated to the Earl of Oxford, Hatton, and Sir 
Philip Sidney. About the same time Hut ton 
obtained several fresh grants of land, and on 
11 Nov. be was appointed vice-K^hamberlain 
of the queen's household, with a seat in the 
privv council. On I Dec. he woa knighted 
at Windsor (SthtI'k, Parker, fol. ii. 449; 
BTBtPB, Ann. fol. ii. pt. i. 288, a38, ;tBO, 
365, pt. it. 658; Nrciious. Pr(}gr, Etiz. ii. 110, 
iti. 4l; Dr. Deb, /JtV/ry, Camd. Soc,, p. 4; 
NiooLi.9, pp. y<l, 3H). 

Hat ton repre*ente<l Iligham ForrtTS in par- 
liament in 1571, and Xortlmmptonmhiro in tho 
following year. At fir.^t be was a sileut mem- 
ber, but gradually took an important part in 
polities. Ilewasforward in the prosecution 
i»f .Stubbos, the author of a bwk against the 

Iirnjected marriage of the queen with the 
)uke of Anjou. In l/>80 he was appointed 
keeper of the manor of Pleasaunce in Kent, 
and one of the commissionBra for the increase 
and breed of horses, andhe was one of thecom- 
missioners appointed in April ir>8l to treat 
with the envoys from the kmg of France con- 
ooming the French match. Up Co this time 



he had seemetl to favour the pnsject, but < 
theappcaraneeof tbednkeboth he and WaJ 
inghnm 'fretted,' say.-! Camden, 'as if ihd" 

aut'en.the realm, and rfligion were now un- 
one : ' and when Elixabetb at On^n wich gart? 
th*« duke (±2 Nov.) a ring in the presence 
of Mauvissicrc, ilatton came to her and wii 
tears in his eyes besought her to reflect iXj 
COL4S, pp. 4*a ft seq., 139-4J, 167. 2\'2i 
Camden, Ann, Eli:., ed. 1616, i. 320-:^ ; Co. 
State Papers, horn. 1547-J^,p.6e5: Fuoitde^ 
//M^ o/Em/laiui, xi. ■M6-.54). Sir Walter 
tialeigh waji at Uiis time rifling into favour 
with the queen, and Hatton saw fit to fx-^ 
hibit jealousy uf him, sending her (l«82]l 
some foolish tokens and a reproachful tetter^ 
Afull oGCountofthts curious episode is givuB 
in Sir Nicholas Harris Nicolas's 'Life all 
Hatton,' Hatton was returned to parlia*! 
ment for Northnrnpton^hire in 1581, and r 
t-ainedtheseatat theelpction of K>*C. Havix 
lost t be queen'afavourhe withdrew from coiif 
early in ir>84, aud sulked at Holdenby urtiii 
Elizabeth condescended to writa him twg 
letters desiring his return. Hu had earl] 
become the recognised mouthpiece of th4 
queen in the House of Commons. In thifl 
capacity he communicated to the house 
\2 March 1575 l-^iizabeth's desire for the ro- 
Ittaae of Peter AVentwortb, who hud becn-^ 
committed to tlie Tow»*r for a Hjieech in d«*- 
fance of free speech, and on 24 Jan. loSl her 
disapproval nf an ' apparent contempt ' com- 
mitted by the houKH in appniiitinga public 
fast to be hold at the Temple Church with-j 
out taking her pleasure {Pari. Hist. i. 80^| 
81:2). Ou the passing of th*.> bill againsb 
Jesuits and seminary priests ('2\ Dec. 1584)2 
Hatton read a prayer for the preservation 
ber majesty's person fi-om theirmachinationa 
He also took a k-adiug part in the prosecu- 
tion of Parry, the only member who ventur 
to oppose this hill, who confessed having beeal 
long engaged in plots against the queen, andl 
was executed in Palace Yard on 2 March K>^ ^\ 
lo8o(Nicoi.AS,p.I08; Cobbett, State Trials, 
\. 1090-1111). Hu was a member of botli 
thu comniis&iuu^ which in September 1580 h 
tried Anthony Bnbington [q. v.] and othersH 
for their consjnracy in favour of MnryQutH'B^ 
of Scota, andahowed much animation during 
the proceedings. 'Is this,'hesaid toBulUrd, 
• tliv reliffio Caiholica ? nny, rather it is dia- 
bolicft' ((6. Il:i7-40V He was also one of 
the Fothmngoy commi.ssion which tried the 
Queen nf Scots in the foHowinj; Ocltiber, ojid 
it was ho who persuaded her m her own in- 
terest to submit to the juriwiiclion of the 
court (Cajidek, Ann, Eltz., ed. IU15, i. 420), ' 

Aft«r sentenco had been pronounced 
(5 Nov.) he hurried to London, and in tba 




Hatton 



i6i 



Hatton 



fouae of Commonji rltliitt*(l on * the liomblt!) 
nnd wieke<! practices' of 'the Qiteeiidf Scots 
► cn!!ed,* concluding with thtrtiniuous words 
^Tie pereiit I.init-l, pt.'rpal Absalom.' Tbe 
U<iuiM< adjoiiniiMl, and next duy rotcd for a 
ttitioti To tlitquef-n fortheexpcution of tin* 
Biitenct;. -Vfier tbe pn'.st*ntiition of ttn* |»o- 
lition Ilattonacqimitited tbe liou5p( 14 Nov.) 
riththedosirvof ElizaWth that Mary miijbt 
»]wirL>d if it could Ihi done witb 8Bf.*ly, 
Hpun which the hoii8(« volerl in tliu nejialivH. 
""atfi'tber with Williiini l)A\ison ( I.>ll y- 
|l)08) [q. v.j hncomlitcK'd (.lununry l.jHtt-D 
li*; i*xtiniinntinn of Moody, a. itiipnoscd o^niit 
bf thti Fri'nch ambuaaador in u plot to a^^a- 
rinnte the qnt-en (Par/. Hist. i. 830, 843; 
^rpRDls. State PajMTii, pp. 578-83). Inn 
Bnj? flpLveb in the House of Commons on 
fci Ffb. 158'* 7 Ilnttim t.>x|>lBined tlie immi- 
nent p*'ril of Spauiiili iuvusioD, nnd PxtoUed 
' C'lurntre of tbequefn. It wiisto Hatton, 
: m«M.t iikfly fo know theqiuvn'H rual mind, 
lint Dnvi^'U tvniliibMl bin doubts aa to thu 
npricty of despatcliinp the wormnt for tlii< 
xecution ofllioQiii_-i<iiof S^'ol.*'. lltitliui hail 
I doubt on the mattiLT, and took Pnvisou to 
Hv c'loneil that bis scruples mig'bl he ns 
onve'l, and the warrant was despatched arr- 
nrdtuply. lie afterwards interrofrated Uavi- 
Dn in the Tower ( /Vr/. JlUf. i. ?i7-50; 
"Nicor.AS^ I>p. 00-7; Km.is. Lrttrm, 2nd twr. 
iii. 111). The quef n jfranled to Hjittoii in 
itfTuitt lfW2 ibt? manor of Pnrva Weldon 
Northamptonshire, and estates in other 
iiiitit^, in 15Ho iho kiMMi*>rshij) of the fore.^t 
[fockin^liAm and tlip Ifile of rurbfpk, and 
16>r the dL»m("*ni>of N'uscby in Xort!iam]j- 
ifaire. He also obtained, appnrentlv about 
le aame time, a ^ant of part of somu (>slat'-.s 
hich had Kdoni^d to Irish rebeU iu tbe 
innty of Wuterford ( Nuxn.AH.p. 4oy ; JItMf. 
MSS. Cumm.Hrtl Kt-p. .\pp. 4H). (►tbtrpriint? 
tn Ilnlton from the crown included (be sitis 
of four liiMoIvt'd ranua'fteries. 

On 'Jtt April ir»S7 the queen appointed 

Hatton lord chancellor, delivering thi> f^a\ In 

him personally at tho archicpiiDcopal puloce 

,t Cmyd'tn, and on 3 Mnvhe took the oaths 

" office, ridinff fn>m Kly Hoii.*etoM't«<tmin- 

er for that purpose increal .^rato. He was 

led by forty of his retaitiera in bluo 

very wenrinp pohl cliQintt, pnrt of the corp-* 

"p'ntlenifn p4-n-'*ioner'JAnd ntlierpentlenun 

the C'»urt, and iillended by theoHlcersand 

ks of thp ch»nc*»rv. Burgbl'-y nide on 

»9 Tifirbt hand, and LeWitleruu \i\n leff (Nr- 

Fj*f», p. 463; (ioM».'*DOBnrfiii, Jtr/iort'i.M. 

|BP2. p. -Jfl; Smw, An>uiI->, ed. lOI.'i. p. 741 ). 

i* oppoinlmi'nt occn/iioned much tturpri»e ' 

,d fwjtne indi^ruation in the legal proffs-sion, 

bit knowledge of law was lupp^scd to be ^ 

VOL, XXV. 




' gligfit, aad fiome '[tullcn ^orjeaiitt' ev*n re>- 
fiijsetl to plead Iwfore liim. Hi* deer*** bare 
not been ppesened. Camden, however, 8a}-» 
that * quod e.\ juris ttoifuiia drfuit jcquitaio 
supnlen^ ftlnduit.' He "nnf much a.«i<i>te(] 

' liv hill frii'itd Sir UicbanI Swale, and had 

! four ma.4teni in cbnncerv to ^it with him as 
nftse-uiors (CAMnrx, Attn. ihI. 1M15, i. 47^'!; 
1'ci.LEH, irorM/M,'Xorth*niplon«hire;'J5{^.*r- 
ftjii Pa{tfrf, Camd. S<h'., p. l-*o*. A speerh 
delivered by Hatton on mieasioM of thy call 

I of a certain barrister named Clerke to thw 
deRTee of serjeant-at-lnw (1*V'*7) shows that 
if lie had not had much experinnce ns n pnu?- 
titioncr, he could give gooil advice to those 
who had (CAMi-HKiiL, C^urfthr^, ii. 164)1. 

' A specimenof bishnmouri--4R:iven in Bacuu'ti 
' .\pnpbthe^n)5,' 74 (.'il), • In clinncery one 
tinif', when tbe counsel of thepiiriieH set forth 
the boundarieH uf the land inqueftlittn by tho 

I dot, and the countiel of one pnrt said, "Wtt 
ie on ihiit »ide, my I>>ril:"aitd tho counsel 
of the other purt cnid," We lie on this side; " 
tlie Lord-chancellor Hatton stood tip nnd 
(laid : " If you lie on both sides, whom will 
vou have mo to believe i^*" Tbe only one of 
)lattou's judgments which is preserved ix 
that in tbeStiir-cbnmbercnse of Sir Uichard 
Kniffhtley.deputy-lientennnt for Northamp- 
tonshire, who wa.-* linetl ^,(K)0/. forjierraittinp 
tbe prinlinu of Hniwni.st books (Conni-rrr, 
Staff TrhU, \. lL>fW-71). Oni'4April 1588 
Hatton was invepieU with tbe order of tlm 
iJarter; IiIj* in-itnllaiion fullowed on :i-l Muy. 
li. wiiA Iftrcrly through Hatton's ioHuenc** 
that I'!lizal>i-ihbadubftndon)nl herrajibsebeniu 
of nmkin(f Leicester lord-lieutoimnl of tho 
rualm in lo87. This, however, did not din- 
liirb hie relations with Leicester, with whom 
be bad lonff Iwen on terms of close friendship, 
tind who had made him ouo of tbe over* 
seerc of luM will. (In the death of I^eiceater 
(UO Si'iit. ir»»a} Hatton succeeded him as 
chancellor of the univerpily of OxfonI(.CA«- 
DKK. -<««. «>d. lOIo, i. 4W: Ni('oi,.\p. H'mt, 
of Knighthood, ii.Cliron. Li^t ; Sijdnry Pttprrn, 
vol.i. pt. i. p.74i WooUj/^fMli'O.cuM.ed. liliss, 
i. iMl). 

Ilntton openod the procpi*dinf];4 in parlia- 
ment in 158S-9 with nlong^ ;pei>cb, in which, 
after celebrntiriB' tbe tb^truetion of the .\r- 
mada, he asked for « liberal »iipply for tbe 
nnvy (Pnrl. Jfisf. i. 853). In tbf fnllowinjif 
.lune Hat ton's nephew, f*ir Wdhnm New- 
port, j<nn of bit* su-tter Dorothy, by her hu»- 
Imnd, John Newport, was miirrted at Htd- 
denby lo Elizabeth, dtu^fbler of Krancis 
ItHwdy [q. v.], justice of the kint^'ft Ik'uch. 
At the festivities which followetl Hatton 
frnily divested himstdf of his gown, nnd, 
placing it in his chair with 'Lie thou there, 



Halt 



Hatton 



BrV- 
■It Wok- 

tjll T 

t)lhl ■! ,.. 

tr.u, il-iUttw' 

tflf i{rtt/n'i/ '/ 

fc47t'^ A* II 



MiniiiMrt. oDspM THb tW <Brt 



nm^tA tB tliv faMiw 
• 1 b>' («rav is luf 

"'hmpid to tbc lovd 

<'Kia(lcdnir3C- 

' I , JIf rM0crv <|^ 
'jO; NlCOLAA. 

f*^ fff •ecrrtlj 
>. >t u rari/Mu 



f/> rilM^rvf flint tuf eiirtofl hiniftfrlf on bi4t&lf 
of IJ)U1 [(!.%.], (Iitj poritiin m\nmXfT,r\\MrfTA 
with plrHtiti^utrninii tlc'tiuD'uVIifr In liJdl. 
In Iriifli lir BpfNtar* lo liavtifuvounKl neither 
ufltuit'ilrt'iui' purl ill. but i» luve licldtAact, 
in r«m'lrn** wuriU, ' in n-li(fi'jnU nsMi noo 
urvii'liiiu. HUM M-raiMliiiii.' ile tlie<l st £1^ 
IhyUAu I4M '^i Ni;v. I'V.i] uf • diklwlw, Dgjm^ 
vnli'tl, it ii «Hi<l, Ifv vt'Xfttion it ilieeMctJon 
}tj III*' 'jiii**-t( of iNiymmt of a lorfrc oum of 
inoitry, rf*prr**i'iil mff nrroara «if i^mthn and 
HMl-lVnitii f'lr wliirli |i« wm »ciN>untBUe 
(Hriiirj'K. IVAiff/i/t, ii. tCi Cammix, Ann. 
I'd. IOIfi,ii.4'I: Ki'm.kk, HVMiM.'NorthHini^- 
lonnliin**). He wii» lntriiKl nn HI Iltr, in St, 
Pfturi l'Btlu>dnil, lM'tw»«_*n III" Iwly chap**! 
and t|in«oijlli ai«tln, wtu*r«anoln^>ml<^nionu- 
iDimt wo* TilftCi;'*! by bi» n^'phew, Sir WilUnm 
llntron. Tim c<}t\>m> wan prcccrlfd to the 
fl[m\r by oil'? hiindrt'd poor ]»<'onb' in gownn 
iiml ru|i8pr<ividtfl fiirtlii'm bv tnt* iiXi*ciitont, 
and fol|(iW(>(l Itv fuur btintln-fl fMMillHinen nnd 
yei»muii, th*' binl* nf tbi> crtiineil, a»»d fipJiiy 
(fi-nrlonu-n pcimiont'W (Sn>w, Ann.cil. 1(115, 

it. 7(W; ht'UUAI.C, JlUt. of St. I^tuTM, Bd. 
•:ni«,pp..'i:i, WV). 

Hal ton bad brH.<n a frii^nd and to some ex- 
tent a pntmn of men of Ifttere, in particu- 
lar of Hiwnwr, wlin (fare biro a, cnpy of the 
' I''a«rv Cjuwii,' witb adtnlicnlury sonnol ((i«? 
SpKSi*i:u, I(VA*,e<l.ni!fiHun,i,7);ufTboiii»a 
( 'liurcbyarrl, who di^diouled to him hiM nc- 
romit of tl«« rccoplion of lliu qut'en by the 
mayor and corporation of liristol (14 Aiijf. 
1571), his 'CbipjM!*' and hit* 'Choiso' (Nl- 
(llftlJi, Pmf/r. Eiiz. i. JiOS); and of Cbriptopber 
Ocliland, who in bis ' V.l^itjvaft^M (158i') dt^ 
HcrtlH-H bira as ' Spli>ndidu!4 llatton,' and in 
bin ' Klienbetbeift* (1589) laiidii him for his 
part in tbt« deifHilinn of Babiiifrton's oonapi- 
rnry. Aftrr bis denlli appt-un'^i 'A f'om- 
nirmorfttiiiii nf ibt* Life and lU'ntb of Sir 
('bri«lnpliiTllation,Knipbt,I>>nK'lmneelInr 
(tf Fncltind, with an E]>i8t1c dedicatory to 
Sir WiUiain Hatton,' by .T. riiilijw, London, 
IfiOl (n poom mor*! puloffistic than mmtori- 
nn«, ^'printed for tlie TSoxbiirirbp Club In 'A 
Lnmporl (Jiirlnnd.' lR8t); * Tht* Maiden's 
Dream npnn tin' hi-nthnf the HiffhtrTonoiir- 
able Sir Christopher llatton, Knigbtr late 



DUUl, 

UaaS 
btli»* 

[^ 



ftf r^KJMil.' bf ftobert 
^m, 191. 4to: * A L«snaUbt« 
tte BfeKfe^af tlv K%te ItoKHir- 
«Ub SgC1hii«i|lM llrftiw.' kx^ "UmAaa, 
\m\ M«*» md QwiMiu k« Mr. i. Itit. 

«f raw itTitiwI *3faii»fc!Hii%iBi I ,' nco- 
ikaed hf W«^ • Ithaa Oxn^' BUaa, L 
563. Tbc9«ttalMafc^f^Yitdbededag7or 
bim in 'PtinSBtofc; v tfe Sltsaet LaBvfitl 
and Cnlnrfii tajri^ c£ the FkmoI « Con- 
■wiahfc fiM< ^ frTTotowi anJ feottth 
C uui a aUu cirfttoAjo.' h? W.C. (WiUiuB 
Clrrit«t.CnbEi4E«.l»a. RcdMomar^ 
rWd, aad left ■» vilL Ha outca W had 
Mttlcd brdacdmtail aalrfalfiB UaMfheir, 
Sr WiHtaiB XcvporlfABd thea OB kii Goittiii, 
Sir Chrifliorkcr Btfuo. SrWtlluMlCc — 
port, who mmmbI tW ■■■• of HanoB, I 
crcded to tW wM«s, b«i £e4 vitkmt i 
ifme <m 13 Muck ia«S^. SrA^aUaall 
tuccnsor, Sir Chrirtnrihr r Itilton, w&s btber^ 
of C'hrt*toph«r,bara«xi&tloaof Kirfay rq.v.] 

jlatton wrote tbe foaztb actoftlwi 
of ' Tancn^ nnd Oierannd/peifuiiivd I 
tbpqiir>«>nat tbelnnrrTenMeia 13(18 (J 
Tox, /fiW. of Pnetry^ iii. 305). Hi» nam^ 
ajiwars on the tiile-p«^ of a little booV en- 
tittcd'ATreatisecDncemiiigStatutesorAc ™ 
of L^arliament, and the Expantion the 
London, 1677, l:;!mo, but there ij no evid^no 
external or int^rmal br which tbt* autbt* nticit; 
of the work, which is a very ali^i 
tion.can Iwdetennined. Uiseor 
iiortioiut of which had preTiou^ly b^n p 
in Miirdin'd 'Stale Papers' and Wright 
' QihH>n Klizabeth and her Timeit,' Loudoa 
IftiS, was puhliAht^ in its entinsty by 
Ntebohia llnrrifi Nicolas in his elabo 
' Memoirs of] latton.' London. 1847, to whta 
is prefixed a line eugru\ingof bia portrait 1 
Ketol. 

[Nicolas '« Memoir : Foss's Livrs of tlit 
Juages ; autborities cit«d.] J. H. B. 

HATTON. CIIRlftTOPTlER. fit^t I^b 
IIattos ( 1 tK)6 ?- 1 070). Ijom arcortlinp toson 
authorities in December ltH>J, bur bapti.H 
nr Ikrkinp, Eswx, on 1 1 July 160.1 ( Lys<»sa 
Environn, ir. 101 ), woa the eldest 9uniriii(| 
son of Sir Christopher Hatton. K.B. (li 
IHIJI), sometime of Clav Uall. BarkinR. and 
afterwards of Kirby, NonhnnipMinj-bire, 
cousin (if yir Christopher Hatton fq. v.], lor 
cbanivllor. liiri mother wajt Alice, eldes|| 
daufihif r iif Thomoi* Fansbawe of Dronfii:'!^ 
Ili'rbyehlre, and of Ware P«rk, Herrfordshir 
(Ci,UTTKHnicK,Xffr//<;rrfMii'e, iii. 2041. Hi 
was educat«l nt Jesus CoUejre, Cambridg 
ondcTfitted K.n.nttheooronntionofCJImrlesl 
on 21\*b. 1620 (Mbicalfe, Bwk ^ KniifhU, ' 




Hatton 



Hatton 






Feima and of the maman at Wurington, 
IzcbestCT, RinMf , mad Wwwfa NortltMip- 
tombire. He vu ratwned 3LF. for Bifffiui 
Femra to the hsn^ ■wtieiewit to l&IO, hot 
WW itrpovled as Awnlwl lo nt Id October 
IWo. After the cnitbrwk rf ihe cjtU ww 
he joined tfap Idtr? at Oxford, aad wu there 
rre«i«d D.C.L. m N'orember 1643 (Wood. 
jFa*(i Otot». *a. Bli», ii. 41 k Cluvnd«i 
!ak» of bim at this ttsw as * a person ofgrcftt 
intation, which in a few rt^rt h<» fovad a 
iT ntt^rlT to !o*e' {Hitt.' lifM/^ ri. 386>. 
Dorinff UU.'i h^ was made keeper of Ohiey 
Park, ItuckingfaamBhtre, and cm 3^ Jalr of 
~ Llyeor wasrateed to the pwirae* with the 
le of Baron Ilatton of K irbr. brinir »wani 
pritrr council on :?li lii-r. followmff. 
tlonw^LS iKieoftho-^H who«ij:iieci ihepeer»' 
to tli(*cfitinril in Scotland in Noreraber 
(1*6. vii. 3(I9n. 6). He wa« comptroUer 
the kingV household from 'J9 Doc. 1543 
until 1<>4*(. and acted u joint commimoner 
Charlc« at the eonferencp nf t*xbndf(« 
28 Jan. until 2i' Feb. 1645. Bv Anjrust 
he had retired to France, ife p-ve* a 
iphic aeoount of his life abroad in hi? 
;ten to Sir Edward Nicholas and others 
'ieholar Fapenii, Camd. Koc.) He always 
nd comfortable quartern, and made him- 
r vprv bappy with his ' books'aml fiddle* ' 
Etelts, Diary, i. 2ol, 2.>;l, -257, 'JiV2). 
efforts to restore the monarchy wt-re 
aidered important enoufjh to iiistify the 
ncil of state requesting^ Sir Artluir lk*<il- 
e, on i'J March Io50, to have him watched 
at. Sfatf Papert, Dom. l«4!>-ot) pp. 1^4, 
1, Ut54.) p. 54 >. Findinft that bis intrifni^ 
erelikf^lv to lead to the sequestration of his 
kte in England, he diacontinund hin visits 
I the kinp in November 1631 (ih. KJ-'jl-^. 
3). \Vhi>n, hf^wcver, in Novemb-T Ifi-M, 
arietta Maria forbadf: t he Duke of (ilouce«- 
' her presence, Haiton hospitably received 
n into his house at Paris on 1 Dec., and 
Btertained bim some days (f/f/. C/arrntfon 
iff Pni^rf, ii. 434, 137 : Hi^, Itrbe/i. xiv. 
.1>). Tl«'ing much pre58e<l for money, he ob- 
jneti with 9ome aifiiculty leave to return 
Enjflond in Seplfmber K^Vi (C'al. State 
MT«, Dom. U^>i;-7, pp. ll«, .'JKi). Aftor 
Ri,'9l(iratJon ht' was spoken of for lord 
ry seal tii S.-pfmln^r I<HW (/Tm/. ^fSS. 
' i. filh Kt'p. App. p. ITill), anil was ap- 
pointed a privy couucilloron29 Jun. Ififi!?, i»nd 
imorof GuL-msry on the ensuinff 22 Mny. 
ording to Unger North, he afterwnrds 
ook his family to live in Scotland YanI, 
□don, and ' divert hini»oIf with the com- 
tiy and discourst* of player* and euch idle 
ople* (Ziivr, ed. Jeeeopp, iL 204). He died 



at Kiih^ oa 4 inly IGTd, and was b«n»id is 
WestaiBMer Abt«v. Ue mizned at Hark- 
neT, Middlesex, on 8 May leSO, KInafeeUi 
(d. I^2>. eldest davghtM- and t>4uiwi of 
Sir Chariei Montajnu knt., of Bo«rht(i«» 
XorthaniitOBshirv iLTMtn, iL 4(9), br 
whom he had two son» — ChnslofdMr [^ T.I 
and Charles, whoa North oalb * truly noU* 
and ' iacomparafale *— and three daaffhtasm. 

Hatson, who was a lover of antji|it]tirsv *•- 
sisted Dagdale dming the civil war. and em* 



a prayer suitable to each [psalm*^ fonni'd 
by him5elf: which book is called llattoo'a 
pnlm5' (Nonni, ii. 'ilU). 

[Auchontimqnolcd; Doyle*>>OfEeii%lBar<^Baga^ 
ii. 1^: 6. F. Warner's lntn>d. to Nicholas IVpoa 
(Camd. Soc.1 vol. i.] O.G. 

HATTON, CUUISTOPHER. firM Vis- 
COi-yr Uattox (H532~lTfJ6>. bom in 1632, 
was elder son of Christopher, l<>nl Ilailon 
(ie05P-l670)[q.T.] lie became steward of 
Highara Ferrera and of several manors in 
Northamptooshire in 1(100: gentleman of 
the privy chamber to Charles II in 1662; 
and captain of foot (Guernsey) in 1664. On 
•2'J Oct. HS64 he made a rvjwrt to Colonel 
William Lefjfge on t he slateof|Oae^uev(//f#^ 
MSS. CiiTtttn. nth Rep. App. pt.v.p. I'l); and 
was governor of (Tuemseyduriiigtheabaence 
of his father in February 16(«. On 1^ June 
1067hewaa made captain in thc'LordCbam* 
Wrlain's ' regiment of foot : was nppoiuted 
deputy-lieutenant of Nnrthamptoimnin; in 
March 1(170, atid uri the fullowiiig4 Julv«iuc- 
ceeded his father as second BarOn ilatton 
and governor of Oiiprnsey. His 'unpa- 
ralleled prudence and npplirutinn Cat the 
time! repaired the shattered esiaie ' of his 
fiimiry, and his kindly care of his mother, 
brother, nnd sisters is highly commended by 
Ro)jer North (Liffs, ii. 203K Uo wasciistoa 
rotulunim orNorllinmpton8hin.'frMm 30 Nov. 
1681 until February lilsO, and wus rrented 
D.C.L. of OxTortl on 2li Mav ltW3(W(K)0, 
Fa-'ti Otuh. od. Bliss, ii. Hm). i)n It Dec. 
Bi^3 ho was advanced to be Viscount Ilatton 
of (irvttnn, Xorthampt'nishirp, nnd become 
cnptnin of grenadiers m the Etirl oflliiiiriDg- 
don'sregimentof fool on 28 July \V>HH{ ffiit/uH 
Correjiftondftif^, Camd. Soc.ii. 89). lit' was 
the only one of Ijord lltintinpdon's ofHo-rs 
who refused to jnin his commander in an at- 
tempt to secure Plymouth forJnme* II at the 
endof Novrraber MHSd'A. ii. 117). On 27 Any. 
\t^*H he writes to Lord Dartmouth thai ho u 
ill, and hopes be may Ik- excused from rennir- 
ingto his command (//m/. AfSS. O'mm. Ilth 
Hep. App. pt. T. p. 137). On 30 Sept. 16S9 U 




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> ' -a. * y ' Iff ;■ •L-iitT l." rtr- I-- f i t-t. K'- 

J»' }'.-% :*. • * K .- X"*. . -trLTx. »-i7i Are. :; 
l*'.'.i>;,;'.T.-j.;i.J>, :i4,:ik,;;-^ .>.<>. 



, Xaaw4f tkc Friar- 
IBm- li ■»"— '^— T p^ fig »w in 
t.C. 

-Bi^ .^ x-n»isc;, hi-n. K Hirfi^d. ii««r 
fcsKi* (K :i- Jk« j-;**^ ■»» •«dBm«d «t 
kf?%. -*«■ Ulr. ■&£ £jiir » Ci'ilj<c« SdiooL 
i»~ jr»r-«Htn-jKn^u;>c. tie il:^ 'School (^ 
^K:k-» ts^cz. ^awmniBL nf -v^jdi he 1»- 
flB» «r MMeacif ir ^t sr c£xw^eaxv. He 
jBi:^^ k TTutr aniHuzcsiuv vii^ fcaewe, e«- 
•nerail'- j^t'Kr •o*t ^atam aca T . ly pacticil 
v-=s zift* MMiBQiry ni.TWfidLd.aadlud 

>?*x. T^»n b^ -var iqiwiizc«£3UB«mi explorer 
T< -:sf ?m£a 3Cifr:i^'Biii.-i C^apaaT. He 
t^ ix^ritaL n Anr&fC l^Laad smTcd at 
l^MMBR n -ts^nvcaai .-k 29 Not. u Abaif 
*^-mi»- TT'rwniM. Ai^HT * two ncoitlu* expe- 
dni'V -*F tw >>>ctittd «3>d KKriaa rivers, be 
'imi 1' ?-erur luf imihka: SsBirafKK«. From 
Sarra Tr rem I?t^ W cxpknd the Labuk 
TT«r r.TOii V &niu^<E.b«t (nrnd few traces 
»c snmrTTj*. Fr:«, Jslr to Onober he ex- 
yujTpi til* Eama tijsrict. After uiother 
:«?« tci »:vv^*c« W started on 19 Dec for 
>*2»siiia- »a2 ^MinieTvd op and down the 
K=3i':»:ia£aa ini:il near the end of Febni- 
»rT. wbea b? rvarbed the Segunah river. 
On 1 3iaith l>'S^wlule letunung from pur- 



Hatton 



i6S 



Hatton 




n^ nn eVphant, he was killed bv tlie ncci- 

ital di^lmrgn of bis rifle, which cAiight 

the thick jungle. His work, so far as it 

t (f<me. and his diarie.s g-ivc evidence of 

h |>rr>mi!<«« as a M^ielltt6c exploivr. lie had 

true I'jcplorcr's temperament, jiower of 

.mand, f«-rtilitv of reiJourw in presence of 

iger.crKilirounig*' and fwlf-contTol, and was 

bng^ht and enEra^iig companion. 

Il&ttoneotitriuutedtothe* Uiograph' about 

enty sketches of living men of science ; to 

iradstTwts' (an American journal) wreral 

,icl*»on lecUnical chemist n*; tut he' \Vhit<?- 

ftview ' an articln on * Ylitj Adventuren 

Dmp of ThauuM AValer;' and to the 

isactions'of thel'hemicnl Hociety (ISyi) 

two papers 'On the Action of Ilactcria on 

Various Gases,' and 'On the Influence of 

iDti-nnittciit Filtnitinn through Sand and 

~" unffT Iron on Animal and Vegetabh* Mat- 

s dissolved in Wutcr, and the lU-duction 

Nitrate!* by savage and other agents.' 

[Biographical Skttch, with letters autl diaries 
im North llonico, Lv Joi^cph Uattoii, 1886.1 

G. T. B. 

HATTON, JOHN LIPTROT (1B09- 
Issii). musical composer, bom in Concert 
Strwl, Liverpool, 12 Oct. 1&09, wos the pon 

I aorlfrmndison of professionnl violinists. AVith 
dtif except ion of (>ome musical tuition received 
K the ncademy of a Mr. Molytieux, lie wax 
nrtually Mdf-tauyht ; yet hv the time he was 
Bxteon year? old hn wns already org'anist at 
Bir«e chiirche.*, viz. at Wddton and Child- 
wall Churches. Lanciwhire, and nt the Uoiimn 
Kitholic church iu Liverpool, for the lost of 
bich he wrote a raas», still exist mg in mnnii- 
ripl. IjiftT on he was oi^anist at the Old 
v.hurcli(St. Nieholii(*l in Chapel StretJt, Liver- 
pool. It it* chnmclerislic of the irri^pressihlo 
animal ^jiirits which in afVer years made him 
universally popular that he should haveven- 
red to play 'All round my hat' (a slreet- 
ng of the time), of i^urso carefully dis- 
oised, when competing for one of thc«<! aj»- 
pointments. In his youth he also nofiuired 
some experience as an actor, playing with 
saocves the part of Dluesliin in Mack Shep- 
wird' at the Littlt; Liver 'I'heDtre in Church 
Street. It wa" as nn nrtor thnt he Hret ap- 
iiean^d in London. A playbill wnspn'served 
bv him, containing his name a^i pl>i£;ng 
Jlarco (tic) in ' Orhello'witU Macn-ady and 
"*Tjarle» Kean at iJruri' Lane, ;.'0 Dec. l8U:i. 
the following year he wrote some piano- 
rte piec*?«, among them six impromptus 
^ich attained considerable success. 

r>rury Ijine Theatre Hatton obtained 
I fiwt musical engagement of importance, 
ting the choruses in the season of Eng- 1 





Ush nperms given from I Oct. 1K42 to 3 April 
1^43. On '2o Feb. in the latter year hisoiva 
operetta, 'l^ueen of the Thames ' (words by 
K. Fitihall), was given aucceasfully six timef. 
It contains souio pretty nnmbers, and ibe 
madrigal, ''ITie merry bridal Ixdls,' is a gixxl 
deal b^^rttcr tluiu mott modern attempts t>> 
rcprtxluco the ancient form. This shows 
that Hatton must have studied mufiic in 
earnest, and that he thoroughly nppa'ciated 
the tinest English music. Among the com- 
pany engaged for the oj>eratic performances 
was Staudigl, who enroiiragva Hatton to 
write another opera. * Pascal IVuno/ to a 
libretto by W. Kitxball. This was tnuie- 
lated. mainly by Staudigl himself, into Ger- 
man, and was brought out at Vienna on 
'J March 1S4-4 for the benefit of .Staudigl, who 
sang the princijial part. The first act was 
very successful, but the other two were less 
favourably received, owing in great part to 
the failure of one of the singers, a Mile. Dichl. 
No part of tlm ojveru was publi.shed, with the 
single exct'ption of a song, ' He\eiige/ sung 
bv Staudigl, which became very popular in 
England. The manuscript score of the second 
act, the only other portion extant, shows 
much originality and dramaticpowcr, as well 
08 knowledge of sta^rc cft'ect. While staring 
in Vienna to supervise the production of the 
opera, I lattun was the guest uf Staudigl, who 
intritduced him to the Concordia Society. 
His pianofortt* nlnving, more especially of 
Bach 8 fugues, whicli he played from mf roory , 
attractwl much attention. Slennwhilo he 
took advantage of the opportunities for ad- 
vanced study of music, taking counterpoint 
lessons from Sochter, one of the most learned 
theorists of the time. On his return to Eng- 
land Hntton published severul vocal trios 
and a set of eighteen songs to wortls by T. 
Oliphant, They wore furnished with (lermau 
tran^slat ions, and publisheil under the jiaeu- 
donym of * Cr.apeli,' the genitive plural of a 
Hungarian wortl for 'hat.' These and some 
other songs publi^llel1 about the same lime 
havo been considered by some critics to be 
not unworthy of Schubert himself. The great 
Germflu models obviously inlluencfd their 
structure. Hatton |H»rhapH never attained a 
Rtjcond time the beauty and sincerity of ex- 
pri'ssion revealed in 'lo Antheo.' 

The popularity of his songs (their number 
is computed at nearly thret! hundred in all) 
was partly due to the fact that Hatton had 
acquired practical experience both a» a singer 
and a pianist. At the Hereford feiitival of 
\B46 he appeanMl as a vocalint, and played 
a concerto by Mozart. In the same vear he 
begun a series of tours with Sivori, Vieux- 
temps, and other celebrated performers. In 



Hatton 



t66 



Hau^ron 



Aiitftist lH4t< Ll- first Tisited America, re- 
miuiiinK ibero until tbe s;)ring of 1850, 
when bo roturned in orrler to accomtisny 
Sims Ilopvea on n tour; lie went again to 
Aiiti'rica in the follnwinp SejiU-raber. His 

filiiving and sinj^ing wvtv alike ftdiiiitfd.ajid 
10 introduct'd noni« "f Mt'iidflssnUu's music 
to thi" Boston publii*. At no time was lie 
troubled by nnietic MTn|ile«, and it w»« 
often uiiccrUinwiietber thrplnc«nlIotted to 
htm In the programme would bmccupittd by 
one of Bnctr* fiiffues or by a comic sung of 
his own compatition. It ia suid that bi^ 
ht!iircTS were deliphtt-fd with a nonp callwl 
*Tbo Sleigh Hide, in thocourno of which he 
produced * realistic' «;flVvt:« by moanv of bells 
lied 10 Uin leg. SDoniifterhisretumto En(,'- 
Innd at the end of 1850 he bewimccoiKbictor 
of the lilee and Madrigal Union, ii post which 
he n'taintnl for Romp years. JIo was fur five 
yuars (probably lSo3-l)) conductor and ar- 
ranger of the music under Chnrle;* Kcan's 
management at tbe rrincess's TheaMT, but 
it is diHirult to diaentflogle his own coro- 
prtHitioMH from the works of other composers 
armngtMl by him during this period for tlieii- 
trirnl purpoees. The music to' Ilourv VII I,' 
' Uichiird II,'*Sardanopalus' and *The Wiii- 
tor'g Talc" ia undoubtedly hy him; the lirst 
and third seta of compositions were pub- 
linhed, and contain snme vigomns and ell'ec- 
tivo numbers. It is iirnbuble that few of 
the "plays prodnce<l by K'-an were uUo^jether 
■without (iriginal work by Hatton. In many 
of the Shakespenrean performances he akif- 
fullv adapted old Kiigbsh airs. 

Meanwhile the concert tours continued, 
Tn the rnnrw! of one of the.'te jcinnieys Hnt- 
ton's popular smig, M*ood-hye, Hweetheart, 
gootJ-bye,' was enrnpowd fur Mnrio. On 
2<( Aug. iKVt his citiitiitfl, • Uol.in Hood/ to 
words bv (•. I^inley, wur given nt tlic Itrad- 
ford muftical l'e»itiviil.withmor»'!iucfrw than 
attended most of hts hmger vviirhs. The lust 
of his operas, • Uow, ur LdveV Itnnsom.' set to 
words by H. Sutherland l-Mwards, wae pro- 
duced at Covent Garden by (he Knglish (.>]H.'i*a 
Association 213 Nov. ISO^i; the libretto was 
founded upon Italfvv's ' Vnl d'Andorre;' 
tlie music is not in Kattou's iiost vein. In 
iHfifl he contributed several Riuigs to Watts 
Pbilli]ii*'« play, * The Huguenot Soldier,' and 
in the wime year went again to America. 
The 'Itidind Concorta'at St. .Tampa's Hall, 
London, were bt^un in this year, and for 
the first nine seawins Hnttnn lield the po«t 
of accompanist and conductor. In October 
1875 he paid a first visit to Stuttgart, which 
he frequently rpvis.ited afterwards. There 
he wrote an oratorio entitled 'Hexelciah/ 
which, wh«n given at the Crystal Palace on 



15 Ilec. IH77, failed to pleat« critical muM-l 
cians. Though much of the choral writuijf ' 
was justly cenaurod on ac4*ount of its imita- 
tions uf Handel ond Mendelssohn, yet tracea 
could still be seen of his old tai^te for conn*-, 
terpnint and the severer forms of muaic, * 
Among his later compositions were a can- | 
tiita to wonis by Milton (manuscript"), a.| 
trio for pinno and st-rings. published in f-ier^J 
mnnyt and a chorurt, *The Karth is fair.' [ 
liia *Aldeburgh Te Deum' (]mblished)com-^i 
memontlt« his fondness for tlieSutTolk village 
in which Bome part of his later yeara vntA, 
spent. He edited for Messr?. Boosev Sc Co. | 
many * song albums,' collections of old Eng-I 
lish songs, ballad operas, and so forth ; theirj 
accomuanimenta are simpler than those in f 
vogue m the present time, but set the melodioa ^ 
in the nio!>t favourable light. HewasaFree- 
mawm ami n member of the Goldsmiths' Com- 
pony, and belonged also to the Koyal Yacht 
Club. Ilnttimdiedat Mnrgate, where he hH(fc> I 
chiefly li\ed .-ince 1877. on 20 Sept, \i^\A 
lie was buried at Kensal (ireen 'Ui Oie 2">th. 
That llntton'a enduring fume as an Eng- 
lish musician is based on eo flight a founda- 
tion in in>t due to any shortcomings in uatural 
^ifts, but to the irresistible inHucnce of hU 
animal hpirils and bis lack of artistic eamest- 
new. His part-songs, like ' When erening^a 
twilight,' remain among the most popular 
works of this kind; genuine humour is di»- 

rihijed in such songs as * Simon the Cel- 
aper; ' and oiu* at least, 'To Anihea,' has be- 
come a classic. Hatton wns jmpulnr wher- 
ever he went : he was a fmn ^■l'm«^ though 
no rumour of intemp»^rance was ever heartl 
ogainst him. Ho married h^mmo, tecoudL^ 
daughter of William Fn-elove March, ewj., of 
Sotillmmpton. and widow of U, K. Poup*ett, 
cnrwiil ut l^uenos Ayres, by whom he had 
two daughter?. A lithrt;n"i»]'lii''.l porlmit by 
KnieliulxT of Vienna reprtjw-'nts nim ut tho 
time of lhe]»n:>duclionof ' Puscal ]lruno,'and 
another, fnun u photograph, is in the 'Tunic 
Sol-Ftt Reporter '(T>ecem tier IHMU). 

[(jrovo's Diet, of Music, i. 69" (lb* erronootu 
rersiuo of the composer's serond name, 'Liphot,^^| 
(leenis (o hnre orieiiiated lienO ; Tonic S(t|-K*j| 
Rvpifrtor, 0ecenibu-1886:Tinius.22St^pt. 18B0; 
Miisieal Ttmps, October 1886 (ihi- statement 
that bu prcsidi'd over the orchrslrit for iho whole 
of Koun's lotinnpy nf iho Prln(^c«B*s requiree 
cotiHrmntion) ; informaliun from the compoaer'a 
note-books, nirniommbi, nrid Iptic^rs commnoi- 
catcd by his daughter, Mias M. M. ETntton.l 

J. A. F. M. 

HAUGHTON, SrR fiRAVES CHAMP- 1 
NEY (1788-1849), orientalist, bom in 1788, ^ 
was the second son of John Haughton, a ' 
Dublin physician, by tLe daughter of Edward 



Haughton 



ft 



Archer of Mount John, co. VVieklow. Hu 
'Was eUucflTetl principAllv iu Kngland, ami, 
havinff obt«in«<l n military CftdtiUhip on the 
Bengu edalilu^binent of the Eiut India Com- 
pany in I80tf, proceeded to India. He gained 
bis first commiasioa od 13 Morcb 1810. At 
the cadet iiwtitution of Banuet^ near Cal- 
cntta, he so dislinpiuishwl liiine*elf by bia pn>- 
gresa in Hindtuilani as to win tbu bighe5t 
refwird of the institution, a sword and a 
handtfome pecmiiftry donation. Aftor *ter\'- 
inff »oiue time with bis regiment, liaiighton 
iBTttH among the first who availed tbem^telvtw 
of the ]>ermi!«sinn, granted in 1612 by the 
government of Bengal to young ollicers, to 
ctiidy oriental languages iu the college of 
Fort William at Calcutta, und be there re- 
ceived set'en medals, three ilejjrws of lioiuiiir, 
and variouB ^wcuniiin.' r»;wflntA for bis proii- 
cicncv ia Arabic, Persian, lliiiduslani, Sun»- 
kril/and IVngali. On 10 Dec. IHU he 
■wii* promoted to a lieutt-naney. Ill-health, 
ctiitsed by application tostu'h, obliged bini 
to return on fiir!nujrb tn l',nglnnd ul tht; 
«nd of 1815. In IHIT bo was appointwl as- 
«t«tant oriental pmfess^jr in the Ka8t India 
Ciillegv at Iloik^ybory ilioi/al Kafeiidnr, 
1H18, p. 293 >. I'pon the retirement of Ah;x- 
4indi>r Hamilton in IHIl) he succeeded to 
the professorship of SauRlirit and Bengali 
«r Ilaileybiirv, and held il until \B27 (if>. 
1820, p. 282), During thi.«i periixl bo pub- 
lished *nvaf! excelltfut class Ixtoks, among 
-which roar bo mentioned Miudiments of 
Itrngali tirammar/ 4to, 1821; ' Bensrnli Se- 
lections, with Tmnelations and a Vocabu- 
Iarv,'4to, 1822; ami 'AGlosnarv, Bengali and 
Knglisb, to explain the Tuta-ltihas, the IJu- 
t ris Singbasan, the Ilistorv of Ibija KriBhua 
Clmndru.tht' I'urusha-Parlkhyii, the Uitopu- 
tltbttt Itranslat'Hl by Mrityuni»ya>,' 4to, iHi'."! 
(a£«i8tod by John Panton ftuhbins, tbim u 
vtudfnt at the colb'gi*). IImhIso i.4i(iie<l an 
admirable edition of the Sanskrit text of the 
' Infelilutrs of Menu,' 2 vols. 4lo, 1825, with 
Sir William Jonea's translation and a few 
notM. Another edition, bv the Uev. P. Per- 
cival, waj) published nt ^fa'lrns, 8to, lH(j;j; 
third edition, by Stnndibh Urove (irady.ot 
Ion* f vo, 1 80i*. IM-heBlth prevented him 
adding a third tnlunie, which wu» to 
rliftvo contained either the whole or a selec- 
tion of the commentary of Cullu'c-a Bhtittn. 
Haughton resigned bia cs)mmiAsJon on 
12 Fob. 1819 (I>oiiWKr,r. and Milfj*, tndian 
Army Litty pp. I'W 1*), and was cn-atod 
lionornrvM.A. at Oxfonl on 2.1 Juneof tliai 
Tear, ifi* waa elected F.U.S. on \T» Nov. 
1821, a foreign memberoftb« Asiatic Society 
of Paris in 1822, a corresponding memltemf 
iJifl lioyal Society of Berlin in 1837, and a 



Haughton 

member of the Asiatic Society of CalculiA 
iu lii*^J8. Ho WM» also a member of the 
Koyai Irish Academy, and foreign member 
of the Inslilute of France. Ho took a waml 
intcn'st in the formation of the lioyal Asiatic 
Society in I*»)udiin, of which he was an ori- 
trinal member. He discharged the duties of 
Honorary seco'tary from Novt-uib'T 1831 to 
May 1832, when the labour fif bringing out 
his * Itictionary, Bengali nnd SMiiskrit, ex- 
plained in KngIish,'4to, l8.'t;f,compelted him 
to resign. Amimg his contributions to tbo 
society's 'Transactions ' was a brief note in 
vindication of Sir H. T. Cnlebrookn's vLowsi 
of the Vedania phtlosojihy agaiu'^t the re-' 
marks of Colonel A'ans Koiluedy. The latter 
n^plit^d angrily, and Haughton ably relort(*d 
iu the monthly 'Asiatic Journal ' lor Novom- 
ber 183'!. This communication, with some 
additions, was j>rinted separately in the i\A' 
lowing December. In 18.*V2 be printed for 
private circulation* A short Imjuiryintu the 
Suture of Language, with a view to ascer- 
tain the anginal meanings of Sanskrit pre- 
positions; elucidated by cornpjrisous with 
the tireek and Latin,' 4to ; anulher edition, 
4to, 1834. During tlie same year he was 
% candidate for the Boden profeftwrsliip of 
Sanskrit at Oxford, but withdrew in fiivoitr 
of his old fellow-student. Horacn lluynmn 
Wilson. On this occasion ho received a com- 
plimentary uddnuts from two hundred profes- 
sors, fellows, and graduHtes, including seven 
beadi' of bouses. On 18 July 1833 he vma 
made n knight of (he (iuelpbic order (Gent. 
Mar/, 18:i:{, pt. ii. p. 7ti). An ablcroeta- 
pbysical paper, published in the ' Asiatic 
Jijunial' for March 183tJ, on the Hindu and 
European notions of cause, and elVect, wus 
followed in 1831* by \un ' Prodromus; or an 
Iniiuirj' into the first Principles of Reason- 
ing; including an Analysis of the Human 
Mind,'Kvo, intended as a prelude to a larger 
work upon tlm necessary connection, rela- 
tion, and dejM'udenceofpiiysics.metflpbysic-s, 
and morals, eniilhnl 'The'Chain of Causes,' 
of wliich the first volumo <mly appeared, fol. 
1H42. He printeil a tabular view of his sys- 
tem on a single folio sheet in 18.'>3, exhibit- 
ing the ' development of minds and momls 
from their original divine source.' In l83.'i 
he publishe«l iin ' Inrpiiry into the Nature of 
Cbulera, and the Means of Curt*; ' in lH40 a 
' I.ettuT to the Right Hon. C. W. 'SVilliams 
Wynn on the danger to which the Consti- 
lutiun is ex[Hi8ed from the encroachments of 
the Courts of I^w ;' and in 1847 he printed 
in the 'Philosophical T^lagBEine' experiments 
to prove the common nature of magnetism « 
cohesion, atlhesion, and risco«ity. Haugh- 
ton spent much of his Uter life in Paris, lie 



Haughton 



i68 



Haughton 



died of cliolera at St. Clniid on 28 Aiip. 1849 
(ii. lS4t», l»t. ii. 420k lie foim.l Uis bt*»t 
friend-i ninonp Ins It-llow-atudrnl,-*. I'p'm 
tlicilfJithofSirr'harlrs Wilkin.Hin May iS'lti 
lie wf'itt,' (\ memoir in tlio ' Asiiitie .loiirniil.' 
He was inlitnatelvucuusililfrl williDr. I''. i\. 
Unsen, and lit)eniUy iiflpeil to niise un iip- 
projiriate nioimmont to Iii« nu-morv. 

[Annual Ituport of Iiorul Atfuitic Society for 
Jliiy 18-50. in vol. xiii. of Joiimil, pp. li-r; 
Wilson's* Dulilin Directory, I7flO. p- 121 ; Koslcr's 
Alanini Oxon. -1716-1888, ii. 623.] O. U. 

HAtJGHTON, JAMKS (]7^^, \B7S), 
|iliiliintliri.ipist,^onofSmnuol Pciirsonllaugh- 
tun (1748-182H), by Marv, daughter ufJiiiue-f 
Pirn uf Itusliin, (^iiC'L-iiii t'oimiy, In.-lun,d, 
WHS bom in Curlow *» ilay ll'-^o, and edu- 
oatetl at Btillitnr, cu. Kildmt', ffuu IbOT to 
iHlO, under Jiimc5 White, a qiiiikf r. After 
filliiif; Ho\-onil iiitURtiuiisto leiirn biK biituiiHRt 
hf, in iHl", Mtttlrd in Dublin, wht'n.* ho 
became a t-orn and flour fuctiir, in piirtner- 
Bliip with Ills brnthiT "William. He rL'tirtnl I 
ill I8")0. AlllniUfjIi (HliK-alt*{l as » Krit^nd, lie , 
joined the iiniturliiiiA in 1834, niid remained , 
throiiglioiit his life a strong believer in tlieir | 
teni'ts. He supported the anti-slavery move- i 
inent at an early iK^riod and took an aclivo 
part in it until i888, goin;; m tlint Vi-ar 
ii> Ixiudoii »in H dflfKftle to a convent ion. 
Sliorlly nftprKatln-rMiitlicw took thp pli?dp<', 

10 April I8;t8, llftuphton became tme of bis I 
most devoted difjcip]e«. For many yearjs he I 
^nve most of his time and enerpfips topromot ing , 
total abstinence and to advocotinplep'i».lalivo : 
rustrictions on the sale of intoxiciilingdrink*. ' 
In l)er4^mber IMI4 ho wa* the chief promoter 
nfu fund whirli wa5 raii*ed to pay 8onie of , 
the debts of I'allier JInthew and release him 
from prison. About 18.*t5 be commenced a | 
pericfi of letters in the public prt'ss which 
made bia name widely known. He wrote 
on tempcninoe, slavery, British India, peaet-, 
CApital puni^hmimt, sanitary ipform, and edu- 
cation. Ilia first letters were sipi\ed *The 
Son of a Water Drinker,' but he soon com- 
menced lining hid own name and continued 
to WTito till 1872. He tmika leading I'art in 

11 series of weekly meetinfTH which were behl 
in Dublin in 1840. when so numerous wer** 
the «<ooial questions discussed that a new»*- 
puper editor called the ^peakt'nt the auli- 
everytbingiirians. In atied^iciation with Daniel 
O'CouncU, of whose character he had a very 
high opinion, he advocatwl various plans for 
the amelioration of the condition of Inrlund 
and the repeal of the union, but waa always 
opjiosed to physical force. He bt^came a vege- 
t-ormn in 1840, both on moral and sanitary 
grouuda. For two or three years before his 



deivth he waa pre.«idf^nl of the Vepetjirioa 
Socii'tv of the United Kingdom. Ifo vram 
one ol the first members of ib*? 8tati»tiriil 
SiK-iety of Dithlin, 1847, a founder of th» 
Dublin Mechanics' In^titutp, IhMt, in the 
sinneyenrwas on the commit tise oftbe Dublin 
Peace Society, aided in abolishing Itonjiv- 
briiok fair I8.V1, Hud tuok a chief part in IWL 
in opuiing the Holaiiictiimlen^at illaxnenn 
on Sundays!. He died at lio Eccles Street^ 
Dublin, on 20 Feb. 187;i, and was buried in. 
Alount Jerome cemetery 24 Feb. In the |>re- 
sence of an immen^ crowd of j>oople. He 
wax the author of ' ?jlavery Immoral,' l><J7, 
* A Memoir of Thomaii C'lnrkson,' J847, and 



'A Plea forTeetuialism and theMaiue Lu^uof^| 
Law,' lBo5. H 

[Mi'inoir of .1. TNtighton. by his sun Ramuft 
JTniiyliioti. 1877. with portniit; Kreaman's Jnur- 
nnl. ai I'eb. ISjH. p. :j. nnd WFeli. p. 7: Wel.b* 
IrisliHiog. I878,p.21fi; AnivrieimAoauatCSvlop. 
f.>r 1873. xiii. 503-4, 1871.1 G. C.* B. 



■1 

I HAUGHTON, JOHN COLPOYS (1817- 
, 1887), lieutenant-general, late Bengal gtaff 
coqM, ttonofUlchard ILandSufiannaliaiigh- 
I ton, belonged lo a family of that name (sp»'lt 
I moni correctly Hoghion). f<ettled in Lanca- 
shire ever since the Norman conquest, ot 
which a branch went to Indnnd. Hw father 
and hi.-* father's ehler hmtlier, Sir Graven- 
' Champney Haughton, K.H„ F.li.S. [q. v.l^ 
I were well-knnwn oricnlalisitfi. Iliet grund- 
I father. Dr. Haughton, was a niiblin phy- 
sicirtn. John Colpoys Haughton wns Ijom 
I in Dublin on 25 Nov. 1817. He wac t'du- 
' culed lit Shrewsbury, and on 30 March 183t> 
wa» entered on the books of ll.M.S. Mag- 
, n)nct'nt,rect:Iving8hip at Jnmaic-a, as a first- 
class volunteer. Hia relative, Admiral lul- 
I wunHiriffitbsColpoySjWiiathencximuianding' 
onlheWcst India, N onh American, aiulNew- 
' foundhmd slation. On It May 1832 he was 
appointed midshipman to tho'l-lv, 18 guns» 
commander McQuhae, and on 8 f)ec. iHiW to 
the Belvidern, 42 guns, Captain Stone, both 
on the above station, and on 12 Jan. 18<^ 
wns invalided from the royal nnvv. On 
lo I'Vh. I8-i7 heobiained a lW>ngal ca^etabJii* 
nod on 9 Pec. 18.37 wajs appoinletl ensign lu 
the late -list Bengal native infantry. Ho 
served in thcAfghan war of 18;JU-42,during 
which be wai« ap)>ointed adjutant of the 4th 
light or (Jhoorkii regiment, in thp aervico 
ot the Shah Sfw>)8, commanded by Captain 
Christopher C'ndringtun, 4i;*tli Bengal nativ» 
infantry. In April and May 1841 the 4(.b 
(ihoorkjifi wan sent to occupy' Char-ee-kar, a 
town of about thret^ thouiMtnd inhabitants, 
about forty miles north of Cabul. Major 
Eldred Fottiuger, who had t^hortly before- 



I 
I 
I 
I 
1 




Haughton 



Haughton 



pome fflmous by his defence of Herat, was 
EttinaM at jjuphrnHnw, tlin** lu'ilt?** off, as 
Dlitical np'nt. ( 'Imr-ft?-kar wd* in the worst 
ndilioii fortleft'ni'H, and the uuthnrities dis- 
>un»(^.'dfXi>endiTurt' foritsimprovenu;nt. On 
I Nov. 1841, tht- dav on wliic-h Sir Altf.\iitul<*r 
Jurnes 'ij. v.] was killed ut Qabul.an uttuck 
by insiirfjenta was made on Luglmmtu-e. 
iftera pilliinl defi-iwx' I'oll'mger (st-e IOyhk, 
Varrfttitr) had to take refutrc in Cliar-w-kar. 
bar-ee-kar wns l>esieg'ed hy the iii?iur^i'nts, 
nd mo8l gttllanlty dffcndwl from ihu oth to 
i4eL Nov. under dilHiniltu's- of every kiud. 
lie in.4ur(rt;nis, tbou(;h little bt'tter than a 
^ Bob, iininuiitfd for i*ome days to over twenty 
"ihouaund uruied uii-n (llAHonTOsr, p. 14), 
and httd control of tlie water sujiply. Pot- 
tinger» lo whom the credit of thu defenw 
has been erroneously aarribtxl, wiw j»rejtent 
in a politicnl capncity, nnd cnntincd to his 
bed by n wound. Oodriii(;toii was killt'd 
iOn Nov., and ibf coniiuond llion devolved 
linn^hton (r'A. p. 15). \Vh<'n the num- 
of the (.'nrriwn, urigindlly w*on hini- 
d to eight hiindn'd men, had been re- 
Dccd tu ont^ hnlf, and the men had been 
Sine days without water, it was decided to 
tti*mpt lo reacli Ciibul. Hefnn; this was 
one A mutiny occnm-*! among pome of the 
Shah's giinntTfn, in which Ilnughtou wqb cut 
Sown ttn<l grievnusly wounded in tho neck, 
limdder.and arm. The aumt' night, J4Nov., 
tie Ohoorktt? evacuated the place, leaving 
heir sick and wounded behind. Most of 
Jvein wcff disiK^rsed and cut oil' hy the way. 
Pottinger and Haughton. with his right hund 
'^vshly amputated, with his head hanging; on 
bisbreaM trom the severiufrof the muaele-iof 
^ibe neck, oiid held in bis Had<lle by a liiilhl'ul 
ihoorka orderly, pot Kepiirated from their 
allowing, and, after incnnlibb- fatifiue.'*, suc- 
3e<l in reachinff Cabul on 16 Nov., where 
bey * were rereived a-s men risen from the 
a'd* (Eyre, yarratiiv). AVhen Klphin- 
lono withdrew from Cabid ut ihe end of 
emb*!r Itm, Hau(fhton wiis unable lo 
Bove, and .-(luyed with a friendly chief until 
>er the aecond advance of the Hrili.sh unrler 
General Pollock. 1 le wna relenwd from cap- 
ivity on 21 Sept. lH4:i, when ho roUecled 
\e ri'inuinii of hts late n^^iment, and re- 
amed with PoUoek to Indm. The Indian 
avemmitnt recorded that Uaughton's con- 
|uct at t'bar-ee-kai * was vcrj' creditable nnd 
Bftrked by preat ^Ilantry ' (information sup- 
lied bytlie India Office), but he TvcelviKlno 
thcr reward. On 15 Dtn;. 184:? he was np- 
nnted lieiilenanr in the late Mth llt-nRal 
Btive infantry, hi> army rank datiiig from 
Jttly previuus. He becAme captain in 
"^the rv^uneut in 1852, and major m 1861. 



Haughton waAKppoinled (>ecnnd in comrannd 
(if the llundflkund (M^lii-e battalion on H Jan. 
1844, was made first-cla.is aMi*tanl to the 
povemor-gcnera!*s npont fin the south-west 
frontier on '2'-i Feb. 1m47, nnd princijial aft- 
*i(*tant on ^4 Bee. ISfjl. He was oppuinicd 
magistrate at Moulm^^in and euperiuten- 
deut of gaols 5 tiopt. l8o3; Buperintcndent 
at Fort itlair and thu Andtiman X^lunda on 
l9July lHr»v»; deputy commi(«ioner first clnsa 
Sihsagnr, 17 March, and while noting com- 
miaflioner uccnmpuniitd tho expedition lo lhe> 
Cossyab and Jvntiuh hilU in l»t}2-.H,and ihtj 
Bhoofnn exjiedition of iHlU-n. He wniteora- 
luip-^ioner at Cooch Uehiirfrom IIj May iHtiTi 
until 1^73, and al^o nutuaged the large es- 
tates of the infant mnhnraiah, who had been 
made bin ward. During this period beftccom- 
punied ih).' ex])edition against the Garrows 
in 1872-3. On Haughtun's superannuation 
in 187'J, the lieutenant-governor of Bengal 
recotrled (he liighest opinion of the Aervicetf 
which he hiid rendered, egp»'ciftlly in BPCuring 
friendly relations with the hill tribes. 

Haughton became lieuteuant-colontd in the 
Bengal «tajf corps in IHti3, and colonel in 
1M(». In 180H he was made C.S.I.. the only 
public recognition of hie! long and valued ser- 
vices. He attaiiiwl the retired rank of major- 
general in \t<H), and lieutennnl-general in 
\H»2. In ISfiT Hftughlou published hia ac- 
count of (_'liflr-ee-kar, u second edition of 
whiclk was brought out, for reasons &tart>d 
in the preface, I^ndon, 1H71>, 8vo. Haughton 
died at Uamsgate on 17 Sept. \trH7. 

In person Huughton was over six feet in 
height, with a spare wiry frame capable of 
great jthysicBl endurance, aqutline leature^, 
and a kindly, resolute face. He married, 
first, at Calcutta, lltJunBlH4o,Je8si«I0leanor, 
daughter of Colonel Pre.-'grove, H.K.I.C.S., 
by whom he bad four children, of whom two 
sons and a thiiigliter survive; stTondly, in 
Januarv' 1874, Barbara Erama, daughter of 
the Uev. Canon Pleydell IJouverie, by whom 
he had do isisue. 

[Infomiatlonfroni the Admindlv. India Offiee, 
ana fumity Mnin'on ; Ku^t Jiiditi JtegisterH and 
Aritiy List*. 1837-fiO: lluughlon's Olinr-ut^knr 
(2nd odii. Lomlon. 1870); Sir Vincent Eyro* 
Kabul Insurrection of 1841-3 (nsviied by Mal- 
letKia, 18(9). Fur ludiiin prcM aoticefi, eeo 
Friend of India. 10 Jnly IfiO.'V; Indian Stntes- 
mnn, 1873; Overland Mail and Ilomvfrard Mail, 
21 Sort. I (>et. 1887.] H. M. O. 

HAUGHTON, MOSES, the elder (1734- 
1804 ),painter of still-life and enamel-iiainter, 
was bom at W'edne&bun.-, Slafrordfeliire, iu 
17^. Brought uji as an enaraid-pa inter, he 
was employed in Mr. Holden's manufactory 
at Wedueshurj'. Subsequently he removed to 



Haughton 



170 



Haughton 



BtrmtQg^huD, where ho was cmploTcd on ornn- | 
menial work. At the same limR he exctrlled ; 
in other brunches uf the art, and vraa especl- , 
ally noted oh n painter of siiU-Life. }le ocea- ' 
eionaliy exhibited works ut the Koyal Aca- I 
demy from 1 7t^ to 1 8(M. i Iniighton was of a ' 
quiet and retiring dispogition, nnd was not 
much known out ofKirminghntn. Hi> rei-ided 
lor umuv yenra nt Adhte<l, near BinuiD^iluun, 
and die<l on 21 Dec. KhJ-I, ngwi 70. Uo waa 
buried at Wedncsbury, and a monument waa 
erected to his memory in St. Philip's Church 
Jit Birminghnm. He hitd a 6on, Matthew 
ilaug^hton, who practised as an engraver. 

[R«lgnnrc-'» i)ipt. of Artists; Bryan's Diet, of 
PtuntiTB, vd. 4>r«ves; GeDL,Ma£:. 1804 new 8**r. 
p. I'iaO, ISIO p. 4lfi; Qravee'a DicU of ArtUts, 
l7C0-ja»U.) L. C. 

HAUGHTON, M().SES, the younger 
(1772?-lS4>*P>, miniature-painter and en- 
graver, nepliew of MoseR Htni|rht()n the elder 
ftj.v.], wn» liom nt Wednesbury iilwut 177ii. 
lie carae to l^iuidon to practise nn an artist, 
became a pupil of (leor^'e Stubbs, U.A., and 
ft student of the Royal AcndemT. lie prac- 
tised as II portrait-iminter, painting chiefly in 
miniature. Kiirly in life he became a friend 
of Henry Kuseli, U.A. fq. v.], for whom he 
entertained a sincere admiration, and even- 
tually resided with Kuseli in tlie kL-eper's 
apariineuts at Somerset House. He liimed 
ln.s attention to engraving, and under Fuseli's 
own HupL>rint<!ndene(! execnlwl several large 
engmvings from I'uaeli's most important pic- 
ttires, notably, 'Sin pursued bv Death,' 
* rgtdino,' * llie Dreim of Eve,' ' The Nur- 
sery of Shakespeare,' *T)m T^zurhoust-,' Sic. 
He thua helped to per^)etuate his moster's 
rt(i<»tingpnpuliirily. I lepriintfd 11 well-known 
miniature of FuscH, which Una been often 
engTuved, and another of Mrs. Fuseli, wlio 
aft^er her husband's death berame for some 
veara an inmate of Haugliton's household, 
llttughton was a frequent exhibitor fit the 
lloynl Academy from 180S to 184S, after 
which he is lost sipbt of. Two miniature 
jiaintinps by him, 'The Love Dream' nnd 
'The Captive,' were engrovLnJ by U. W. 
Sievier, niid other portraits by him were 
abo engraved. He wna married, and left a 
iamily. 

(nodgraTe's Diet, of A^ti^t8 ; Knowlc's lifi' 
of Faicit ; FiUith's i^rkn in the print room of 
thaBrili«hMlis<!Uin; ftoya) AcnilmnjpCataluftUnii; 
privato information.")-^ L. C. 

HAUGHTON. W^T-IJAM (Jl. -[rm^ 
dramatist, is identified in Cooper's * Athenie 
r'nnlal>rigienBes' (il. 399) with a William 
llaughiou, M.A., of Dxfoni, who was incor- 
{uratcd in thot degree at Cambridge in 1 601 , 



but ihc tdentiflcation in dnublfuL Tlie ear*] 
liest monliun of him in Jltin»Iawo*(t * I>iarr* 
(p. 104) is under date u Nov. 1597, when \m ' 
is describe<l oa ' yonpe Horton.' Only 009 J 
play of which he was sole author is ex-j 
tant, * En);lish-M»'n for mv Money : Or, A 1 
Woman will have her WUl," ltiI(5,4to, re- 
printed in 16:^ and 1631; included in tU ' 
'Old Englioh Drama.' 1830. and in Hazlitl'i.) 
edition uf Dftd-loy's collection. From Uena*[ 
lowe'a ' Diary' (pn. lU*. 122 1 it appears ihaft] 
this merry rollicking coaie<ly wat* ■nrilttfiij 
early in 159H. In Augitsl 151*9 Haughtoaj 
was at work upon a hwt play. ' The l*oof 1 
Man's Paradise (i&. p. IW); and later in thaj 
y«ar he joined John Day in WTtting the 
* Tragedy of Merry 'and *Cox of Ctdlumf^l 
ton' (both lostl ; had a sluirc with Dckkeci 
and Chettle in * Patient Gridul' (printed in.} 
11W3>, and with Chettle alone in ' The Arca^ 
dian ^'irgln* (not prinltMl). In the follow- 
ing February he was engog^ with Day auL 
Deldter on 'Th« Spanish AIoiw's Tragedy'! 
(,not printed), which has been ha.«tily iden- 
tified ivith * Liifit'fi Dominion : ' and in Man ' 
tho eamo authors, joined by Chettle. were ; 
work on *The Seven "NVis** Ma^^ters' moi 
printed). During part of Sfnrch IlaugUtoal 
was imprisoned in the CUnk (doubtle5« fori 
debt), and Heuslowe advanced ten shilUngg 
to procure Im discharge. On 18 March he 
waa employed on ' Ferrex and Pom-x,' pro- 
bably an altenition of Sackville and Norton'*' 
tragedy, and in .\pril he wnn pn!|taring tl 
' English Fugitives' (not printed). In Maj 
he received five shillings from UeitslowH ' 
earnest of a Boocke which he wold calle the' 
" Devell and his Dnme '" (16. p. I6fl). which 
has been rashly identified with 'Grim, tb9H 
Collier of Croydon,' Jirst printed in lOtiJ^^ 
in the same monlh ho wrote 'Strange Ni*w»™ 
out of I'oland' (not printed) with a 'Mr. 
IVtt.'nnd began single-handed a play called.^ 
< Index' or Mudiis ' (not printtil). Iln wa^fl 
writing • Uobcn hoode's penerthes' (* ItobinV 
Hood's Pennyworths') in December UK.)*) and 
January 1001; later iu IGOl he joined Day 
in 'The Second and Third Part*' (not 
printed) of 'The Blind Beggar of Bethnal 
tlreen,' * The Six Yeomen of the West ' (nc 
printed), *1'lie Proud AVoman nf Antwe 
and Friar Kuxh * <not printed), and *Th4 
Second Purl of Tom Dough' (not printed)^ 
'The (\>n<iuest of the West Indies' (nofi 
printed) was written with Day and \N"Rntr?j 
worth Smith, nnd the two parts of ' Tho Sij 
Clothiers' (not printwl) with Ilathway and 
Smith. Wh do not hear of Haughton nft<r^ 
September 1H0*J, when he waa engaged on * » 
ploye called " Cartwrighi.'" 

In ' AnnaU of the Careers of W, HougV 



ro- 
ihS 



A 



too [«Kr\ AVuderon, and I*ctt,*ii paper |innteJ 
in ToL ill. of * Sh&liespeariana/ 1 b^, M r. I* lea y 
cnnjectiiivs that sonieof theBlmve-meiitioneu 
pluvR wtTM printtxi with cb&nged titles. 

[Uonslowe'a Diiiry, piiwim; Allvvti Piippr."*, 
pp. xrrii, 23, 2fi ; CtKjpers Aihonic t-Htibibr. ii. 
3U0-400.1 A. H. B. 

HAUKSBEE, FRANCIS, tbo elder (A 
1733J'), elpctrician, was admitted fellow of 
the Koyal Society nn 30 Nov. ITOo, Imvinp; 
aliTfldv acquired n rHpiitation ns exiK^ri- 
nipn(ali»t. Some of iliy fncts olwened, nnd 
in ibftt yfnr ri>cordHd by liim, burl timre Hip- 
nificaitce tban ■V'an tlit'n under$t(H>fl,i>.K. ibnl 
(1 > mercury shaken in u i^Usa vei>At!l produces 
iQght, and tbe li^ht is vorv viWd wben the I 
air ii* ran;lied ornvhalf; (J) tbe lipht h due , 
to friction; and(3) tlie fuUowin^ bodies pro- 
duce liffht by friction iu vacuo : amber and 
glu^s, g\fk»8 and f^^lai^-t, wouUeu iind woulK^n. 
and many others mentioned. Next year ho 
coiilrivcfltho first electrical machine, employ- . 
ingr. hi! »ays, * B pn.-tty larj»e jrlasa cylinder, I 
med by a winch nnd rutibed liy ilie lumd.' i 
ftuksbeonot only attributed lheph<>nomeua 
a new force, electricity, but compared tbe , 
suiting Ught, with respect fo itH crack- 
Qg, tlashing^, nnd colour, to lightning. IJo ) 
rroed tbe electric light 'mercurial pbos- 
us,' becouse, iis be dcBcribed it, when 
through mercury in an exhauBted re- 
\ * it api»e»red like a body of lire con- 
ing of abuiidanco of glowing gIubuIe^.' 
170!' appeared bis ' PhysJco-.Mircbanionl 
periraentA on various subject^', contnining 
account of wjveral rturjirisinfj; phenomena 
touching Lifbt and KhK-tricily, prwlucible 
on the attrition of Bodies.' Thn book is 
cated to Lonl Somere.andwas soon at'ter- 
nls lran»hted into French nnd Itnlion. In 
is prfface Haukabee recommend.* the em- 
yment in the otudy of natural pliilit-^'iptiy 
dcmonsi rati' 111 and rondui^iouti foundinl 
H exjM^riniedta judiciouflly and accurately 
,' and pointA out tbai the • nature aiiil 
of eleotriral attnictioni* Imvo not yot 
much con&iden'd by any.' 
In his eorly experiments on electric llpfbt 
Hauksbec discovered the * lateral communi- 
tion of motion in air/ and thus suggested 
important improvement in air-pumps. One 
m of that instrument still l>par» hi^ name, 
.bout till' same time he determined (Iwfore 
Royal S«jciety) water to lie *<Hr» times 
vier tlian air, » result which is tolerably 
act. Many pupcr« by Ilauk^bee ap]>«'aTod 
the' l*hilo9opbicalTranwction§;'the latest 
ithumously in 171-l(8ee Watt, ////*/. lirit.) 
ime letters by Newton referring to Hauks- 
^Li' are printed in NicboU's ' Literary IIlu&- 
tnition« {}V, G09). 




^ 



lUuKsoi^K, FnANcis, tbe yonnper (1087- 
17b>'i), was perhaps u son of Francis llntika- 
bee the elder, ije was elected clerk and 
housekeeper to th-; Itoyul 8ocieiy on D May 
172^, when he ia described in the minute 
book as * a person known to divers members 
of the society.' He died on 1 1 Jan. 1703, 
aped 75 {G*^if.Mag. 17<>3, p. -Ill, where he Ia 
wrongly ppuken of as F.K.h. ) Accordinjf to 
an ndvertisi'mL'nt he made and sold air- 
pumps, hydrristaiic balances, nud reflecting 
telescopes iu f'raiie Court, Fleet Street. In 
17^1 appeared an * Kssay for intnxliicirig a 
I'ortable Laboratory by means wben-nf all th« 
{'hemical operations are commodiouj*Iy per- 
fonned by I*. Shaw and F. Hauksbec' ' It is 
dedicated to Sir Ilaiut I^loiuie, bjirt. (then 
presideut of the Iloval Society), and contains 
eigbr well-enpraved copperfdates. In I73I 
lluuk.^bce printed 'Experiments with a view 
to Practical riiilnsophy. Arts, Trades, and 
Business,* a summary of ordinary chemical 
o|>erationit, with iUustralious of distilhition, 
mineralogy, metallurgy, and dyeing. ThJa 
publication, like • Experimental Course of As- 
trourmiy priipdwd by Mr, Whiston and Mr. 
Hauk»>U*»',' Huited for twenty-livt; lectures, 
was a sylliihus of a course of e.X|icrimental 
led urea. Ds Morgan conjectureti that, 
llauksbeewas tbe first to give lectures witit 
experimt-nts iu London, and began them 
about 1714 (/}iit/r/ft of Parndoxn, p. 93), 
In his ' lVojM>8als for mrdting a lar|^ Ke- 
ilecting- Telescope ' we hav«! evidence of his 
skill as an instrument-maker and hia ac- 
quaintance with John Iladley [q. v.], inven- 
tor of Ibi* sextant. Iu n 'Course of M*>chnni- 
cal, Opiicid, and I'neiimatical Experiments, 
to be performed by Fnincis Hauksb^^e, and 
the Explanatory Lectures read by \Vm. 
AVhiston, M..\.,' we 6nd under ' Pneumatics,' 
besides experimonta on the 'qualities of air,' 
others 'concerning the vitreous ]>li(>spbori,' 
and * relating to the electricity of bodies.* 
t?|iecial pointt illustrated are an ' eh'ctrical 
machine to revolve a sphere of gloss with the 
air exhnuBted,' nnd tbe * eH'ect of electricity 
on strings of yam.' It is jKilnted out that 
the electrie light liiu a puqile tint. 

(Phil. Trans, xiir. 2129. 2165. xxr. 2277: 
TluimKin'ft Hist, Hoy. Soc. ; NJchdls's I|tll^tr. of 
Lit. i. 810. W. 60. 606 ; WaU's Bill. Brit.l 

R. E. A. 

HAtJSTEB, PETER (rf. ItUn), drama- 
tist and divine, bom atOundle in Northam])- 
tniKshire, was educated at Queenrs' College, 
Cambridge : became curate of ('jipinirhum in 
Rutland : was afterwards rector of lladham 
in Hertfordshire, and vicar of Gretton in 
Nortbamptonsbire. At the nutbreak of tho 
civil wara he was made chaplain to the Earl 



[autevn 



JT2 



la:%-aTd 



1 1^1 t : wi ] Sot. \Qii be- wm 

li.IX of DkUitd. H- di'^l in thf 
Ifa^tU'si \iuii\>ur\ •luring ^'■ 



mooeM. Is VH j whl M h wd «t 
fjmAm ia lifit2, 4ta, ^"""^ on tfae thle- 
i;« tii*^ uuoaaoemeatt, ^CrycA duvn ir 
yiM! l''>\>'lion. KuriH. btk] nwifiiifiit I|n>o- 

ikSovs and vm 

^ ■ uAUte.* A cagry m 

^ tiuy HniuJi MuK^^uiu iuL6 iLe tctore' nBinec 

■writtiT! iTi a <-fir;*'-Ti*|irTnirv hnn'!. In ft *Bti- 

JH-*I I ■ ■ ■ ■ ■■ '.n 

|iu ' ■ '5 

' Jvu T 

•r^K- ■ ■ ■' ":-. i -=>; 

Am iiMtll'rieiicL*' 

I- ■ ' ; , ,. - i., .^ i'ltulioil Mifr- 

< ilauMtod alw wrot« • Lfttin 

I. i»rf(>nued at Queen** C-ol- 
i-tf« , ' '.iIh Hdium/Ciitnliridge, 

)fl.'l;l ; ! King (MiltonV 'Ly- 

Vi4«*'; Kii'i ollwrv |tnrfi&c<I commeatUtanr 
I.11II11 rrr-*-* llio utl»*r works arv: 'Ten 
pitfrii ii"i| v|»on 8»rv*eTiIl Svnd«je* 

Niul .,'Hi;W,4fo; *Ad Pupulum. 

H \^-i\n\' Lj rh'* IV'ojilt?, with « Satyr aealost 
h"|»unili»i«/ l»U'(, 4to, reprinted in 1675; 
' llyiunii* 'I'tilitti'i ; n J^x^m in Honour of 
T*lMirn. |li<ri>i<-ttlly C'OmixiM^ hv liapbur] 
Tluiriuit; mrid.i Iviijfliali/ HViO, Vv«. The 
' Hiiiyr' ortttiiiully a{>[M-&rcd in ltI4:i wiih tbe 
iiiiliula 'A. i'.,' ( Al^raham (Viwley) ftttacbed. 
lluiialtd wrott: lliu iu£criptioa for Thomas 
](aiiilulpli't) inoriutiiunl. Au elegy by Ilau- 
•Ibd till lli(< (Jt'Jilbuf i'olonel Uobert Arden u 
|irutiurvt'il III AaIhiioIm MSH. 'M-7^ fol. 125. 

(Wu.j(l'i Aihonic. ed. BIim, i. fi07. ii. S79; 
Vf'otHVn lMM>li»*d. HliM, ii. iM ; LinjEluiDe'B Ens- 
tint) l)ntiii'tti'!k I'ooUi M«aM&'8 Life of Hilton. 
i. 211. 'ilK-ie.J A. U. B. 

HAUTEVILLE, JOHN db r^. 1164), 
i < I Ldtin iH>e(, hii« constantly been 
'td au Kii^liftUuiau by birt'b, but 
1.^ to liiii tmn «tutem«nt in the pro- 
t to ibo ' ArL'.lLitruiiiiiH'bi? WHKn N'orman, 
p|t"tii. i- i.fi.i. K-'iYtttx an lluntwill, and it 
'III bui'amurmm Aavitlc, 
•i r-! i('//. xiv. 6<J0), but the 

DOS of tbu m&aiucripla pDUits to tJie 



pfwfcceto*!^ 
fMrriptfareci 
Aesp. B. I- 



"- V 



Tir beka^ BanteTtUe 

- ^oifaiap in knovn 
-KM allttnaBa poias ftoU» 
I'ncla&d. Iltt iifwiiiiitf 

at Ox&ffd and ra 

- A1I«9« McmMbe 

Lima Hmerj H, 

oiaa't* Walter 

r' Time '11 faof inadatioB 

. 11JI9I in Il«i. 

'"---<VB wori is • Img • 
ia.'vluA » a satii* 

- -"^ hss a,^ It u a 

nient.aiid afa- 
ij I^liaportiT. 

. .^-iiiiini: 'prince 

■ ■ ■ r- icm 

::i:re,' 

r zaruL. and the 

r*-' Tliemjuia- 

>i6,Cott<m 

e Britidi 

■, " V. 44 



i 



I 



I*arij», l-M", small 4to. ., 
tremr-lTrarr^aadisthe 'i..... 
of ibe'Twelftk CoBtmr.' v 
1K7J). AcQordiitf to Vits ; 
Lugat, a mxmk of St. Albany wr<^te abtnil 
14011 a eomiBeatarT oa tbe ' ArchttreniiM.* 
This may W identical with tbe mutilated 
commentAry prwsen-ed in Higbr MS. tJ4, 
Bale and Pit§ at^Tihe to Haati>riili> a poem, 
'I>e Kebuc Occulti^.'tnp'tbcr with eptgrania 
and epif^tec, but notluDfr t>^ kuown about 
tbfm. There is no authority for fuppo&ing^ 
that bevastheaulhorofthe metrical treatise, 
' l>e Epist (ilanim CompoatioDe,' which is con- 
tained in Pigby MS. (>4. 

[ Bale. iii. 49 . Pita, pp. 267. M8; Taaiwi'B Bibl. 
Brii.-Ilib. 377 8. T. •Haawill;' Falwia*. BibL 
IaI. M«L Mt IT. 8J, fid. 1764; KiiUer'a 
Worthies-, 'Oxford.' 336; Leyscrs Hist. Poet. 
Med. 3Cr. pp. 760-1 ; Hibtoire Liiteniirv de la 
Ynmef, xir. 6S9-79 ; Wrighfi Hi'Mr. BriL LiU. 
An^lo N'lnnan, pp. 8AO-6, and preface to Latin 
Satiriciil Poold.vol. i. ; OrseaMsTrifnr dcLi*rei 
Bart«et Prnrienx, i. IS'i] C. L. K. ■ 

HAVARD, WTLLL\M (iriOP-1776%^ 
actor and drama! ij)t, son of a Dublin ^-int- 
ner, was apprenticed to a Burfreon. Ilia 
tir&t rvcorded appearance as an actor t»ok. ■ 
place at (joodmon's Fields on 10 Ih-c 1730 ■ 
aa Fenton in tbe *3Ierrj' Wives of AVind- ■ 
sor.* Here be remained until the pasaing, in 
17({7, nf (be Licensing? Act, when he went 
to Drury l..ane, plnyiii^ tbe Klder Worthy 
in ' Lovb'b Liwt Cibift,' on 21 Nov. 1737: 
Lancaster in * Second Part of Kingllenry IV^ 




Havard 



»73 



HaveU 



18 J«B. 1T3S, ud U«atw n 'lUmlei' 
3S Ju. \72i^ 4^ 36 Jwm, 17« W iru the 
original n*rdT 'm SdOers ' Cotfee Uooae^' 
lie mini III d at Ihmxjlaam umtil (be w « wi . 
of 1745-0^ pkHaf, uaaog oih« puts. Ikft 
Dokft m ' Rate m Wife aad btv^ • Wife; 
Bodci^h Lb tlw * Uahspfr Favonnie.* V'uA 
w t^ * CoaMccacr/ AlfaauiT in * Km^ L^ar/ 
Lomtso in tbe ' Mnrhajit oi Venice.' Vultore 
m ' VoIpon<^V Macduff. Ed^r. Ridunood, Va* 
lcotin« in * Love for Lortr.* Baaaanio. Caaaio, 
&c, togetlitT witli original diaractrns in a 
frw plats bv Mallet and otlu-r wriifW. On 
6 Oct. l7t« he plarwi "Worthy in the *Ke- ; 
cri»itiiij: Officer' at t'ovent (rardtn,ajid was, 
12 Feb. 1 747, t fa« oriffinal Bellamy in 1 1 (ladlr** 
'Suspicious UuabamI/ On 15 S«-pt. 1747, as 
Itanwinin, b« nappeand at Drury Lane, at 
whicbhocuebeauDMqaeiitly n^maintNl. After 
h» KtBnt h« acted in a revival ol Ford'4 
< Lorer's Melancholv/ and was the oritrinBl 
Coland Raymond In Hoore's * Foundling.' 
PolyphontM in * Merope ' bv .\arnn Hill, Ab- 
dslu in Dr. Johnson's ' Malhomct and Irftif.' 
Arnold in William Shirley's •l-^lwjini the 
Black Prince,' Othman in Hrowii's *Barha- j 
rOBsa/ Polixrne» in anBlteralidn of the* ^^ in- 
ters Talf/ Anlt!ii in ' Ard?n of FcveRham ' 







i\wm its revival on 11» July IToV*, Mejristus in 
>liiri)hy'8 * Zenobia,' and .ICson in Li lover's 
* Medea.' AgrealTarietr of characters, chiefly 
MOoadtTy, were taken b J him. Now and then 
"e wai allowed to a.<3unit: a part of priroarj* 
Biportance, BUfh as Ford in tli** ' Mtrrn- 
Vives of Windsor.' On S Mny ITti'Jhe took 
hi» benefir, and recited an epilo^rue composed 
^y himself, ft waii then announced that ill- 
«altheompKllecl him to retire from the stage. 
le dieil iuTavitlock Strfet^Covent (jarden, 
n 20 Feb. 1778, and was buried in th'? adja- 
ent chuTchynrd of St. Paul's. An ejiitnph 
y Gsrrick) mon* eulogistic of the private 
irtues of Ilarard than of his hii^trionie 
^power, was placed ofer his grave. The last 
I foot lines are as follows : — 
^^^JKowe'er d^fcciire in the mimic nrt, 
^^K}n real life he justly playt^ h\% y»\H. 
^^■TThe noblut charactor he nctpil veil, 
^^m And IleaTen appUuded — when th(^ carUin ffU. 
^^" In the 'Cov«nt Garden Journal,' No. 28, 
llavard \b deeliinHl the succeswron the Htagt' 
the first Mills and said to be, like his 
decessor, a fiober, worthy, hr>ne!<t man. 
leisnltto Mid to Imve excelled in characters 
ucli SH Horatio, and the Friur in ' Houieo 
I Juliet,' in which the araioblu qimlities of 
kitman nature are to be dixpbiyed, and to 
live hod in tragedy no superior at Drury 
anu except fmrrick. Davies «qienks of Ins 
ting in the * First Part of Henr>- IV ' n« de- 
nt but without spirit I. Drtiffi. Sfi*c. i, '2&2\ 



bat ends Ub Ib Bd^r vitk a Twy i 
ii^ waimirr dsiind fraa the atm^ « m- 
rias|SKtacs(A.u.333K In tba'AMtzwd 
Reriew ' tx 1787 lus Edgar is highhr pruscd, 
as is hu S&r (Varies Euy. luvmul is 
said to luiva hem too siiikiao^iie enr Co 
mak* « freat fifura in hia pwiftiisioa. Ho 
had a good appearance and pnnHUC, % dcw 
Toire^Kiida^Md delivery, but Uf^fd puskm, 
and wa« apt to be moaotonoua. ChurckJU, 
in the * Rosciad,' asserts that he is always 
the same when hi; * lote«. bates, ai>d n^as, 
triumphs, and complains.' 

Uavardwiutc: l.'Scanderl" ' ' dy, 

Bto, 1733, produced at Ooodu: -^ on 

15Marchl«S3and M:te<ltwice. Jfl^v^apoor 
piece, founded on t he some &tor>' as t be po^t hu- 
mou8 trage<]y of Whincopof the same name^ 
and I he 'Chn>tian H<>ro' of Lilto. llavardfls- 
cap«'d with some dilGculiy fn>m the chsroaof 
having stolen his plot ft\>tu Whiurop, whoM 
play was in chebaud&ofOitfurd.tbe msasgvir 
of MoTKlman's Fields. 2. * King Charle* 1/ 
hiMorical tragedv. Svo. \7^, Lincoln's Inn 
Fields, 1 March 1 < HT. Tins Havard's master- 
piece, i5 a touching and fairly capable work, 
the performance of which in York is said by 
iti^listhos to have brought about tht> death of 
a female spectator, Clicsterfield is suppt^ised 
to have referred to Havard's play when lie *aid 
in the lloujcc of l^rds ' a moat tragical itury 
was brought u{Mm the stage, a catAstrophu 
too recent, too melancholy, and of too solemn 
a nature to be beard of anywhere but from 

the pulnit' (,'/A^ £ uf 'V—/—d'« .S>wA 

in the notue uf LitrtU atjairtjif thf liiil /or 
Licfuint/ alt Itntuuttir I'rr/unnanrrji, 1749, 
p. 6). In ' King ('barl»i 1,' which was rx- 
iravagantly praised, Uavard played Biahup 
Juxon. 3. * Utigulus,' Hvo, 1744, Drurv Lane, 
'21 Feb. 1744. This is a stlUod and decla- 
roatory tragedy, which the acting of Our- 
rick as Uegulus galvanised into life. It rati 
eleven nights. liivard was Decius. 4. 'The 
Elopement,' a farce never printed, but acted 
by Havanl for bia bene&t, Drurj* Lane, on 
6 April 17(i:i. 

[Boobi eit»l ; Oeoeat's Account af the Stage ; 
Biogmphia Dramaticn.J J. K. 

HAVELL, I;()HF:KT t./f. 1S00-1W0>. 
painter, engrnver, and publisher, wa* son of 
]>nniel Havel 1, who ft(i|>t>ars to havo bwn a 
brother of Luk^ IlrtV«li, the fatbur of W' il- 
liam Havell I'q.v.|,lhewaliTH?olour pointer. 
Hanicl llavcll published in \'>'2ti ' Iliatori- 
cal and D*4criptive AccoiintH of the Theatreni 
of London,' with views dniwn a ml engraved 
by himsell'. UoUti HhvoII, who worked 
jointly with his father for sonio time, set 
up for himsidf nii establishment in l.)xforil 



Havell 



t74 



Havelock 



Stnwt, opposite the ranthcon, called the 
Zoologicfu Gullory, whore, lK«ide8 the publi- 
cation of works of art, an agvncy was formed 
for the sale of Bpecimeii(», and other objt'cta 
connected with natural hiatorr. In 1812 
l)aniel and llobort Havt'Il pubhahod a series 
of * I'ictiirpsi^iir Viewson Ibc Riv^TThnraes,' 
enpTiivt'd by ihiMn in aqimrint from drawings 
by W- Havfll. Thoso wore the first of a series 
nV aquatint encravinps published by the Ua- 
TcUswhichflttained a well-enmtd reputation. 
They kept a birgv staff of good iinist-s working 
on thpm. Amony the mon* im[K)rlant pub- 
lications were Audubon's * Birds of America,' 
Daniell'e* Views in India/ OiidsweU's' Views 
in Greece,' J. Baillie I-'raser's ' Views in the 
Iltmala MdiintJiins,' and Sall'fl * Vi^ws in 
Africa.* In 1828 the p&rtnersliip of Ilavell 
ftnd htsBun Robert (stsc below) was dissolved 
and their ptock diB]jersed. 

IIavbm., Uobbrt, the younger (^, 1820- 
1850), painter, engraver, and publisher, was 
a fnir landsnnpe-paiiitcr, and, after the disso- 
liitlnn i)f liiH parln'Tsbip with liiH fatliur, he 
wi-nt withhift wife and daughter to America, 
where lui eottled, and continued to pursue 
bis career as a landscape-painter with some 
success. 

[Boflgnirft's Ulct. of .Artists; xalo fatnloTuc, 
27 Hay 182S ; pabttcatious by UarcU ik Son ; 
private ioformation.] L. C. 

HAVELL, WI LLT AM (1 7P2-1 ftr.7), 
landscape-liai titer, was the son of a drawing- 
tna*ler at Heading, who kept n small shop to 
eke out his narrow means. AVilliam, born 
on 9 Feb. 1782,wii» one of fourteen children. 
In early life hi spent some time sketching 
in Wales, but it was somewhat ogninst his 
fatherV will that be ndoptfMl art. as a profes- 
sion. In 1H04 he si>nt his first contributions 
to the Koval Academy — a view of Carnarvon 
Cast.lo and another of the valley of Nant 
Francon in the name county. In the aarne 
Tear he lH>came one of the foundation mcin- 
Vtw of the {now Koyal) Society of Painters 
in Water-colours. In 1807 he was in West- 
moreland, where he stayed about two years, 
at iidying mountain ?cenory. In 1813 he se- 
ceded from the Water-colour Society, but 
under a then existing rule continued to con- 
trihuto to their exhibitions, as well tw to the 
Iloyol Academy, where bo exhibited in 1812 
and 1811. In IBUi he was engagwl nn a 
work called * I'icrnresque Views ond Charac- 
t'Tistie Scenery of Hriiish Villas,' Ac, when 
ho went with Lord Amliersl's embassy to 
China. In consequence of a quarrel the en- 
gagement was soon broken off, and he retired 
to India in 1817, where he stayed till 1825, 
pursuing his profession with protit. On his 



return he reioined the Water-colour 8ociety|i 
but he fonnil that bis place in public favourJ 
was filled by younger men, and afler a wbila] 
be ceased to contribute to their exhibition* ' 
and took to painting in oiU, He visited 
Florence, Rome, and Naples in 1827, and 
became a conslant contributor to thu Roval ■ 
Academy, bis subjects being chiefly Italian, I 
but sometimes from Wnles, Westmoreland, ™ 
and China. lie also exhibited at the BritUh 
Institution and Suffolk Street. Although 
his works were of great merit nnd distin- 
guished by pure and delicate colour, ibey ^ 
failed to attract the public, oud. bavins- lost H 
his savings by the failure of an Indian bank, 1 
he became a piin«ionpr on tlie Turner Fund. 
He died, after some years of rleelining health, 
at Kensington on Iti Dec. 1857. Ilavcll wo» , 
one of the best of the earlier paintcnt in ■ 
water-colour, and did much to advance tho-i 
art : and his pictures in oil, though neglected. I 
during his liti',have recently risen greatly in 
estimution. There isatinedrswing of Windsor 
by him in the South Kens«ingt')n Museum, 
besides a few good examjili^ uf his earlier 
drawings in ^Valos and Westmoreland. 

Thrtnr of Ila veil's brothers obtained a Cttr-1 
tain success in the profession of art. Geoi^ J 
Ilavcll(^. 1839?) was an animal painter, and | 
attempted engraving and sculpture. Edmund | 
Ilavetl was an occasional exhibitor at tbei 
Hoyal Aiademy, and he succeeded his father^ 
as drawing-ma-eter at Reading: bia son, Kd- 
muud lift veil theyoungerlA. 18 Ifl), IK a well- 
known artist. FrHderick .TaniHsHavell ( 1801- , 
1840). the third brother, prartised line-cn-j 
graving and mezzotint , and made experiments j 
in pbolography. 

(R«igriiTD'8 Diet, of Ar(i«(t«: GravM's Diet. ; 
Annnlsof iho I-'inoArtJc Monkhousc's Earlier 
English WnCer-cttlocir Paintt-rH.] C. 51. 

HAVELOCK, Sir IIKNRV (1795-^ 
1857). major-general, second son of Williani 
Havelock (I7o7-1837), shipbuilder, of Sun- I 
derland, was bom at Ford Hall, Hi!*bop-Wenr- ' 
mouth, on 5 April 1795. To hia mnthor, Jane, 
daughter of John Carter, solicitor, of Stock- 
ton-on-Tees, heowod acan>ful n*ligious train- 
ing. The family rcmovwl to Ingrew Pork, 
Hartford, Kent, when he was still a cbihl, and 
here his mother died in 1811. Before hewa« 
ten years old he was placed with hia elder 
brother in the boarding-house of Dr. Rainc, ■ 
hend-master of the Charterhouse, Amonj* ■ 
hi& contemporaries at the Charterhouse were ■ 
Connop Thirlwall, Ceorge Grote, William 
Hole, JuliuB Hare. n.nd William Xorris, the 
last twobeinghisspi^ciallfriendft. Shortly ftf>er 
leaving the Charterhouse his father lost his 
fortuuu by unsucceesful speculation, sold In-> 





lUteDd'q.T.j 0«iac«oM 
wi^ fais ^Umt « mi Ikn 

Jwi'tWhw**|iil nil DritefMd 
ofcei of Us bvtfatf V^^^ «W tei 4e- 
tianUbed Uaalf ia ik« l^aiaMdaaai ta 

wmSoo, te iiiiiii I M ao ^ 1«U • 

yagi»^— Jw—iiirtKlf tfcet ■■■■! rf 

CqMaoi (aAsmx^ Sb-I 

csteonngwd Un to Mad 

mad tbe ui «< v«r, aaiA ffiiilii- 

r^aii *lt tlteiuad«rd wcls«« 

lie wMpnwMCffd &MttaBMt«< 

Dttriiy thefeM.€ig|g y g « »af hMMtSmy 

Oxcat BricuB sad firlaail Saaaf aa fto- 
Bpott ci aeiiTe feniee. k* reaolvcd to go to 
Ijidu« and at ibe cad of IfiZS i nhaap.id 
into the ]3th leyuiwu t, ihea wMwIed 
br Major (ftfkvrwKT^ Sir) Robert Sale, sad 
in tbe G«iM-ral Kvd ia Janaarr 
ladia. Before emlarkaxiaa be 
Penuo uid UsadoBUuii wiib eqc- 
uader John Bodhwack Gilcbnsc [<). t.] 
the vovihR a btotbe r officer, Lieate- 
nant Jam»4 (iardner, was tb« mean* of 
awakening In him rdifrtous convictioiu which 
:1 sltimWred ROM his mnther* s death, bat 
(pni-i'lorih became the guiding principle of 
*B lift?. 
iUvelock am'redtn Calmtta in M«v 1823, 
and while stationed iht-n* made tbe ao- 
ituuntBDcc of nisltop Heber, Arcbdeacon 
wie. and thp Hev. T. HioiDSSon. He 
ited thf miAsionaries at Serampore, and 
►k (frwit interest in their work. Before, 
however, be hod been n year in India, war 
wtt» declared aeainet Burmah, and llave- 
lockwfu)a|;p(MnttHi dt^puty aswietant adjutiint- 
^c^neral to the armv under the command of 
^^Kr Ar<:hiliald Camphell. Aft^ the nccti- 
^^Bation of lUn^cut^n Ilavplock wa»i in the habit 
^^■ir B6^e^lblinK any relipiouKly disposwl m>I- 
^^pien, |»art iciUarly tbow; of hU own rpfriinent, 
' for sor\ ire* in one of the cloisters of the pa- 
goda nf<!aiidam». On the occasion of a uicht 
lark on an out prwt t hi'se men were rolled for 
the penfral to take theplneoof tr\>n¥»ren- 
' unfit for dut3* by drink. bii^au»e*rlave- 
k's SaJnta,' as he calle<I t lium, were always 
d to be dependf<l oei in an Pttiorg*»nry. 
e stockade tifihtinp llavflork was 
ed with illness, and wos invalided to 
dU. At the c-nd of a year. »]M>nt chiefly 
ith hisbrother William nf the 4th drogooiM 
Fooaab, be was sufhcieutly recovered to 



Cmnf 




isvdoK 



Kavavaalt 
arXa- 

kiar Mid lor fme^ Ban-tkoA 
•• fv 1« Ava M M«HV» iW Tati* 
af Ab m an. Tb* uan l at aia w l 
to i>fia ia Fal>«BfT ItM^ aai'Bav^ack 
lyiaad tea t\ \m m at ftia M wa , Wmw^ 
netnv ef tfca mmmmm ^ninaa vaa fal^ 
bslksi ax StaBMffaaa ia laSL 

U Maidb l6y Hawfcdk ^ia» aayoiatad 
if ^ *ifte tf k^V oaiVi, ifaM 
HtaUUadai GftaMatali. imr Sc- 
tfaa Wailfaartas «f tW bafftist 
ke «a* a cfnOaait riciKir al $»- 
aad Mar t im tba loeaety of Br, 
id Ik. MardiB i aB , irkiiia ibiM>|itiie 
ha MBed oi 9 FUl leSB, kariaf 
la iBi a iw ed iato Uw huCitt 
la 1831 tbe dc^^ al Oua- 
aank «ai abntriwrt. and llarelrtck wwc Mn rf 
bis ugiiw Bi l at D iaaiiu fg, moriae vita il at 
Uw cad of tha yaar to Aura, la 14^ be 
was appointed tsterpnter to tbe lAth rfgt- 
meat at Cawnpore, and tbe fullcn-ing ynar 
adjutant to bts own repment (ISth), a ixm- 
tioD be beld ibr tbrve rears axrd a half. 
Towards Ibeendof lS96tb« regiment mo\-cd 
to Kumaul, and llax^elock tenX hi$ wife and 
chitdiFn to the hill station, I^ndniir, when> 
their bungalow was burnt down, and MrK. 
Havelock nearly Inst her life, 1 lav^lock wa» 
promoted captain on a June 1K)S.at tltea^^* 
of forty-three, after twenly-ihrt»o ycar^' ser* 
riop as a subaltern. 

On tbe outbreak of tbe 6r8t Affthan war 
in the same yeor Ilavi^lock waft appointed 
oide-de-campto^'ir\ViU.mjihhv(^iiitm[(i.v.], 
commandinir the IJi^ngal division. After 
n toilsome march of four and a iinlf niontiM 
the force reached Kandahar, and twoniontha 
later wn« joined by tho fJombnv division, 
under Sir Jolm Keane, who Ai»>umt'd tho 
chief command. An advance was then 
made on Ohazni, ant) HavnhH'k waa pn^ 
&ent at the blowjnjf in of the ('ahul (fate and 
the capture of the forlrewi hy aK^auIt. ( Vhul 
was occupied in Jidy iHUll, tiiid nu army of 
occupation, under the coniinmiil of Sir \ViU 
lou)7liby Cotton, wa« \t\h to AiipjHirt (hepni>- 
pet Shah Sujnh ou tlio Afulmn tlinmo. nir 
Willouuhhy ('otion prewixl lInvi>liN'k lr> n*- 
main wit II him as »iM(*-di^cam)i,o(fiTiii^ luni 
in aildilion the apitoitilincnt of Pnniiiin itt- 
terjin-ter, but Hnvelook, having kepi rumriil 
not<^ of the rampiii^, \«ii« i<ii^-<r to piitiliah 
before thi) int4>n*fti klioiiM aUii't. ll<> lhon»- 
forndecliiiiKl theo(ri*r,an<l ha-tencd toSerant- 
pore, wbunt hu wrato bin work. It woa pub* 



Havell 



174 



1 Iavpi::'-<"k 



rt.r'-!*. '•.;.rr.»>': "h* J'»nTh*<^n, rall^ ih* r«-tuni lie tvinin>^l r> > i- tvk wi* -jc- ■: the 

Zv.l'.y.'-'ii '>nl!«-rv, wli»!r«;. lyr^i'lefl the pibli- but hf» found ilmt nm- - ■■■••iv.-u bv L.:r: ^_.;^n- 

r.n^i'iTt ',f -A'.rki '»f art, an hs*rnfry wmm formed mu filled by yoiin^' ui'"'! rii- biiZLi- : :lie 

f'.r f'u'- i-^i!.- of ■j.'-'-irr.<:n*, and o»her objects he ceased to cmtr*' -' .uiwleaCB . -r n. roil 

r.'.riri<-''''l "Ai*!! luitural biVorv. In 1^12 ftnd twjk to p.: •• • I ^- '. a..-. 1 r-j^^.T^-J 

|i:ii)!'-l ;i/.'l i^olf'T* Haf<:ll published a series Florence, Itoni-' ' " 

f^f -I*,':''ir- j'l*; Vi»'waonth<i Kir^r Thames/ became a cim-rii 

«-ri;'r:;v'-'l \>y ihi-m \n arjuarint from dravinfrs Acadumy, Iiim <"• 

bv W. M-'iV'II. Th'-*'- w'-r«i tlwfipitofaaeries but ftuniutiim-;-' 

((j'h'i'iii'ir:* 'n^'riiviriy- fiiibli<)hr^l bytbella- and China. Mm 

v'-]U'-v|)j(:]i!itiain<-'l a wfll-^'am*rdreputatian. Institution n" 

'lli'-yk-qr n l:ir;."-iitafr of (Tory] arti.^ts working his works* wmi 

'in tli'-iii. Ain'm;: rbr; mor<* important pub- giiifihcd bv i- 

lK'iiti'>rM wiTt;Anrliilion%']{tnlAor America,' fiiiledtuaii. 

Ihiit'fW'-i* \'i''WHin Inrlia/It'idjtweirs' Views his snviu^r : ' 

in iirt-i:i:f* .1, Itnilli'' l-'rawr's * Views in the j he becawL 

lliriiiilii MririnlaitiH/ and Saltn 'Views in | Hcdiud, n, 

Atrir-d.' Ill \H-JH tin- partnership of Ilavell j ot Kon.-^iii;. 

nil') bi.Hfion ItoU'rtrwf*) b<>Iowj wasdissolved 

iiii'l ihiir Ktrifk di<4[H.'rst;d. 



om> of 11 
watrr-ciM 
II \vi:f,r,, UoiiKiiT, the yountrer (Jl. 1820- art : luic 
InriO), paintiT, fnjrrnver, and publisher, was { durlii): ■. 
a Ifiir liLn(l-4fii|ifr-jinint«>r. and, after the dtsso* ' estini.u. 
jiiiinn of lii'* iiiirtni-rHhip with his father, he by liiiu , 
w<'nf wirh bJK wiff and dauf^hterto Ameiica, 
\v1ii!ri* be Nf'ttlnd, and continued to pursue 
})i<4 ntn-cr ana lundAcapr>-painter with some 
Micrt-Sf*. 

[ Iidl;;rinv"« Ilii't.of Artists; wilo cataloituRt 
27 Miy IK'iS; piiltliciitioua by llarell & Son; 
jM'tviilo iiirorriuitioii.] L. C. 

HAVELL, AVILLTAM (1782-1867), 

liiii()si'iipivpaiiit4>r, was the son of a drawing- 
iiiiisIiT fit Hi'tidinfT, wlio kept n small shop to 
cki' nut liis iiiirrow int>an». William, born ' 
nil !> IVl). 17?^:*, was one of fourteen obildrcii. ' 
In fiirly lift' Iii> spi'ut some timesketchin 
in Wiilcs, Itut it WHS nomewliat against h' ■ 
fnthfr's will tliiit liP adnpteil art as a prttf*."-- 
sidii. In 1H() I he s*»nt Ins first contributinr 
flit ho Hoviil Arndemy — a viewof Camarr* 
('a>;tlo Hiul iiimthtT of the valley of K» 
I'nmooii in tlii> snnu* county. In the s* 
vtvir hi' U'camo ont' of thi* foundation n 
Ihts i>f iho (wn\- lloynl) Society of 1V» 
in Wiitor-colours. In 1807 he was in 
nmrt'land, whon* be stayed about two 
sriidyinir moiintnin scenery. In 181 '*'* 

c<''l'*.l from tilt' AVnter-colour Sor 
un-l.T n thi'n oxistinfr rule continv 
tril'iit-' to tln'ir exhibitions, as w"^ 
U.'viil AfadtMny, where he exhif* 
!i:i.l ISU. In IttHi he was ei 
WMT-k r;ilK'd ' IM^'tiin^sque Viewr ^ 

t -tW.'w Si'.-n.-ry of Rritish Vil, 
I,.- w-n^^ with Lord Ambers 
I'.i'.t: .. In C'^nsequoncR of a 
c .;■■ ;;>:it was soon broken of 
t • Iv. :!:» in 1S17, where he 
p.iriuing his profession w' 



- .>u»t ?^r\"io»r-. : ." :.:* ap- 

..1 -lid. an-l L- ^-Tiirnwl 

. 1 rumpany : :'.r l^kli 

. - wife, who JLi. 1 ^ -n'.' t'l 

■ uildren b*^:" rr -L- c.'abul 

i:ieJ him. a::Z '- y S|H'iit 

ii'.bs toeeih^r i: S.iala. 

, >4ii Havelock :>:iiinfj a 

.:iy without J irjha*f. and 

. r^si of friend* w^- .-ip{ioiiitc<l 

■•• u-r to the nr-w c-'2i:uandt'r- 

: Lih iTOUjrh, H;kv-1 ickjiiint'd 

.--\up<ire on 23 t.tor.. in liuii' to 

.:- LiwalLorcampiii:::!!. Hewaft 

.- yjitlti of Mahapajpnrc, fi»r 

-t:..tf4lu mednlan<l brt-wt-Uentc- 

-.^•■. When thf affair* of iiwalior 

.^ :c dCCumpaniedGou^h on a tour 

• .idcjiendent sttites of tUvnorth- 

besit-i- .. . '*)' u '*''* ^imlu. About thi$ tiino 

dniw!..., ...•■.■■ '>i' insubordination maniffstcd 

Till.. .J .:* •:ie iwpoys <if tlie natiw army. 

tnin •• -.-wui. jidtiueers were found friiiUy, biit 

Ilif , ^. -I'^cv i*\ecuted. Ilavelnck, always 

att' f ^,^'1. .iLiit; disciplinarian, bad ur^ed tlit.' 

U, ^•;*^.' . .. :''»ilowin(r the course pursued in 

11' "iftw <>*«u ^^ ^- l^K^t decimated tbe47tU 

Hf .„y^.. . uaiury at Barrackpore, and he was 

Uf - iL — '• *' '^^ timidity of the g^ovt-rn- 

■^' .tf ISi.'j the fifiit Sikh wnr 

. livfl'vk took part in tin- bat- 

\..ai ,iiid I'Vrozshuh. At Mudki 

i.'pit's shot under him, and at. 

._-- ... 1 '- '>i two of liis most intimat-' 

..^ "»..■ .;.'Art Sail' and .^I«jo^Rr^>adtVn.t. 

_o .%. : .-*'*-Tir ai thebattli* of Sdbraon, 

^!. -.ui * ''..Tse shnt uiidtT him. At 

^ . .-. .Ainpaij:!! IlavL'loek attended 

"^ , . .^ -'^* Moml aiidconimandt'r-in-i-liii.*f 

..■ .*., v.-%i w.ruossi'd tin- instalment of 

. .-■»■. rMn:>-'nt of the Punjab in full 

^. H.*.»'i 1^1'». Ill BcknowU'dirnient. 

*^ ,. ...•.*.o '1 ■'>' SiiTli'i campaisrn he re- 

■** _ .» u-.K-S. u.'h Iwi* t'hi-^ps, and wa-< 

.„ \ ir IV-.ViT'ot Wt-Hinirton ib-puty 

_,. ^« ..• ril .'f .•(U'.'-.JiV trooji:*. Kmnbav. 

* ^ ... ■ > *-T.*s'i at ll.milviy in .luiy 

■* .^ J. ... ."■ '■. >.r W:::.Miihl)y t'ottnn, 

J..-.V ■•.'.■ »':v.:v.;v.-.J. .^f The llimi- 

' ^.. ... , *ii\.'. A r^ ;ri:i:r.-.) with hini 

v.Tiv.v Uir jitnie 






-■v.- i.-!*.r.- 
, : ^;n.■t; i.x- 




'TT 



Havelock 



itlieSftid 

part in tbe 

I obriiiiied l«Arp 

' 1 tbjoin h\^ rpgi- 
"'" Mainb, how- 
' between TndoTC 
bjr t«lej^am ti 
V. Cotton wi« 
L to IcATe wiibout 
At the battlr of 
Sikh war, hi' 
Hftrelock ''^. V.', 
lof hii irf^^'p-r?. 
up 11 meffimr 'il h:= 
r which W8? publitihi^ in It. 
of the Year/ In the autumn 
th HEK^sfitAt'f'] a ^isir 
bithfir hia fuhilrhatl prec^it^ 
^ in Londna ia Xrjvemln^r, 
yeiira' continuous i^er- 
TVflidetl durin;! hi*- fur- 
■jtt Fljmouth nnd on the conrin'-nT, 
~ " " I intenraurse Trith SirW. V ■^^rii 
1 little. At the end nf K,l 
i bin fBTnlly At Tlonn, and rrtume-l ro 
Intd po»>t at Bombay. In \h5i L/pH Elar* 
■ppninted him qaanermaj^tf-T-^'-ntrrii.] 
I queen'? tronps in India. Oa i^t Jun*- 
I M,me Tear hti obtained hU r^pmLut:!! 
liputenant-colnnelcy and brevet -coIon'-l?v, 
and when the appointment of adjiitant-^'i-n^f- 
rul of quecn'fl troops in India becam*; va:-ant 
a few months later he was transftfired to 
that post. 

l>ii 1 Xov. 1856 war with Persia was de- 
cUired, and eariv in 1857 Harclfxrk was ai>- 
pointed to command a division of the fnro-f 
under Sir James Outram,orden'd toth*- Per- 
nian Gulf. He joined Outram at Itu^-bin- r,n 
15 Feb., and was at once dippcted to prepan.- 
for an attack on Mohumra, a strfin^lv forti- 
fied town on the Euphrates. The tnM-ip^ w*.Te 
forwarded gradually, in vessels which an- 
chored some miles below Mohumra, and 
were joined by Havelock in the IJer**nic*^ 
on 16 March. Havelock drew up a com- 
plete plan of operations, which hf sent to 
Outram, who was detained at Bu^hir^ bv 
the death of General Stalk^^r. The plan vrti" 
approved by Outram, who himsi-lf rvar-ln.*<l 
the rendezvous on 2i* March. The attack 
took pUce on the 26th, Havelock with the 
highlandera and sappers leading the way in 
the Berenice. Tbe attack was compl<;*t*>ly 
successful, but on 5 April came newn of a 
treaty of peace, stigned at Paris on 4 Mnrcb, 
and the expedition was at an end. Ilav*.- 
Inck's son, the present Sir H'-nry, acted as 
bis aidfr-de-canu> throughout tho campai^m. 
Havelock K-n Mohumra on lo May, and 
VOL. XXT. 



on tbe 29th reached Bfttnibsy. where h? Warned 
that th- oativ- T*j:aient? ar M-^^TTit.Fepoie^ 

pore,and l>>;ihi hid muTinitr^, and ihat Delhi 
wa^ in ih»r faand^ r.f th^ nrb^I^. Tbi^ up' 
<T«uDtrT nur^f. Ky whirh h^r d^ired to join inu 
comaandirr-in-f-hi'-f. GT-neral An^-m, iheo 
march:nj<:.Q r»^lhi. wjisnn l.iEi:-:-rnpen, *oh»* 
embarkni rn 11' Jniii^ in the 3ieam>bip Erin 
for Galk. Th" tirin wb.^ nT^k-:-!! ttn ih# 
^iEr^l-r*/ CM**" rrar reliam. but nn Uvea 
■w-iTs 1>^T. 1U\ -'.x-k ha^t^n-^ t--- Gall*^. and 
^mbarkr-l in TJir Hr-- IJu'^rn. which had )i»en 
sect fr-im (.'aL'i'lii. and r'/ach'.'d Madras 
■ n 13 Jtin^. ll^rv h^ !*^mwl tlj,ai G'-neral 
G'T^.r^ An^ in q. v,~ had died i '27 May t, and 
i^irPirHv-k'Tfant, c-iwim5nd-r-in-chief..f the 
Madras pr-;'iJ*-ncy, bad if^n siimrn'med bv 
tbe £rnv-^rrnr-jr'-n»'nd to tak*f *:upreme com- 
msnd f'-r lb- tim-^. Havi-L-ck accompanied 
Grant to Culeiit!fl. nrrivinir Tii^-P-:- rm 17 June, 
jii«" fire WH^-k-i iifl«-r th*- rMiTl,r>i-uk'if M*^riit. 
HewjisaT nnc- ^Incted tnc^immatid affOumn 
tr. tfi. firrnM ar Allaliabfid; l»;ft falfiitia, 
scrompiiTii^l hr hi* ^^n Henry nf th'.- 10th 
r-ZTm-nt h* a:'!'.-rl*-rBmp. f-n ii~i June: and 
rrii<.'b»rd Aibiliibad un tb'-'i"!b. His inptrur- 
tion" w-T" f" (jii*:!! all di^ttjrbano':* at .\lla- 
habftd. TO I'l-*^ ni liniH in furji'ininsSirllupb 
\Vh«-*-I'.r at fawnfKirf. and T^W llenrr Law- 
T^ucff ai I.uL-kn'iw. unA lo tak»- pnpmjrf mpft- 
«nre« to di^jK;r»<,- nnd dt-«tr»y all mutineers. 
Tidin?5 .,f th'* c.'ipiTulati'in and ina$«acre of 
tb<- garrJ-on at '"awnTfire reached Havelock 
on -'i.Tiily. *in !be7rh.U'iivingColon*-l Nt-ill 
to lak'f ca^- of Albthabad. he marched out to 
reraptviry Cawnpor** with a force consisting 
of ab>jiit a thousand bayontT.*. made up of the 
♦Uth r*-2im^*nt. tbe 7^\l\ hiirhlanders. the 
Mth r-irim'^nt. and tbe Isjt Madras fusiliers, 
a dozen rrikhs. a hrtndful of yoluntf^rcavalri', 
and ^ix giin.f. By forced marches at the 
hottest *'^a>on of tb*^y»-ar, h** reached Futteh- 
p'tr*' '••n the \'Jth. and signally defeated the 
rvbels. Gn the loth Havelr»ck again came 
up with the fn**my at .\nnc and again de- 
feated ih'-m, >Mit the al)!!*-nce of cavalry pre- 
vented him frftm following up his victories. 
H« pushed on to the Pand(><>-nuddee river 
to P-ach the bridffe before it should be de- 
stroyed I>y th*» ent'iny. He arrived as they 
Were attemptinir to blow it up. The attempt 
WRS un-uccessful. but tbe enemv liMd the 
bridge in force, and heavy guns raked it from 
tbeotberside. Tbe Madras fuj*iliers stormed 
the bridge, and Hosed with tbe enemy's 
gunners on the other side. Tbe briddre was 
saved, and the enemy inretr»*at. Gn the 10th 
tidings ri-acherl the force thiit over two hun- 
dred Kurr>pean wr.men and cliildren were still 
alive in Cawnpore.ftnd in th»- hope of saving 
th^m Havel'xk pn-js-.-d f^nvard. Already, 



Haveloci 



I7» 



Hav( 






ttfctte*' 



^ an is cdU Um< XaM g^a BMsd o« wilfa 
ife thoMod MM M &MM ^ndMU ad- 1 

iMim By « will ill flifc Mwt — 
Ika manim^altke IflKk Hcvdoek «»■- i 

, a«l4ri tk* nMs nd tytiw ili iiTiiiw— i , 
femf«flT ci kb tiooM diwipBK ri^t «p to Ae ' 
WMM j ■W w g ri M^We«pt«wdtlwirg w M, i« i ' 
■ftcr • Imd d«7'* M« pal tlie i^ebtofi^ 
}lafdadi faboMcied two Miles fron tks 
rmtttammnA, mad mtcred ChwHpore the aext 
jBonaw(17tbi. IaiiiaedB3r«helMdaucked! 

. Ut9 IWM uotier ui Indisa «■» in JsIt, bmA [ 

Tm <n<uenoe «x«ened bf Bardock orer ' 
lu« tnopc, tnil thjf adminUe di«cipline lk« 
nainlaiiMriy u« strikinglj shown hy tite fa^ 
tuviour of tlie men on tntaiag Cawnporr. 
Tlw pitif oIabm at the teeae praMBted br t^ 
BVDttiiu of tbdr murcltred fellov-eoaaCR'- ] 
mm exjup»!nte<l tht^m to mAtl^ttf, but tu | 
flrm hand of their comiiisDdtr held thtfin tn ' 
rhcv'k, and eTen HMnading^ vu pat down 
with A vtroiitr arm. 

('hnl«>ni and drienter}' had attacked the ' 
forcv, niid Ilavelock raovi'd it out of the town 
to a ran-fiilly «elpct«i) Bite, which he pro- 
o«od*Ml lo entrt'Dch. llcra he left a small 
ffnrrijon un'ler Nvill, who hnd joined him 
frnm AllnhAbad, and prvparnd to advance to ' 
tho fplicf of Lucknow. On2.'> July he crossed I 
lhi>flnng<>i,and on the 29th encountered the | 
••ni'tiiy, {Kwled in a very strong position at 
Onair, ntid defeated thfni nfier a snarp tight. 
Hix niil«li fartiier th't utron^ly occupied vil- 
laffa of BuMeertiti^tintie wa^ sttirmed and 
takrn :— twofltrht* in one day, and nineteen 
ffuna captur<^d. IJut the ent-iny. f^atherinj? 
Ill fnreo in liift rear, compel led liim tn fall 
bnrk "n Mnntfulwnr. On 4 Aup., having ro- 
cc'ivihI eoiDL' nniuU rt'inforcL'mentB, and being 
much prpMed from Lucknow to push on to 
it-s nOiuf, he iiffain moved forword, and again 
fought A NurceiiJjtfut ungngement at Bussee- 
rut^uniri>t thntiffh with some loss and con- 
sidMrahli* rxTxiiiiiir.uro of ammiinitirm. Three 
utrung iMwitiorm Mtill remained Vo be furced 
iMifiknt no could ri'ncli Lnrknnw; iiramuni- 
tinn wn» iiimiMirii'nl, chdlcra wiw n-ducinp 
hill Nniall lorcr, tlti! Hick und woinidttl hnd (o 
Imi cnrri*>d, and hi^ ccnnniiitiiriition could not 
U* lii'pt "ipt.n. He d(>ei<li>d that he could not 
i*t'lit'Vt> I. Ill-know wilhout consiilorable rein- 
fnmuiVfiiU find mipiilii-s, and iletonnined lo 
n^iurn tn (?ii\vn|K>n'. The moral courafre he 
dia^ilnyod in lx>l>lly riirryinif otit thix painful 
deniiim in wiirlliy ol" the hiffhent. cnmmendn- 
lion. llavin^ fnIlen»boc.k on Mungiilwar, 
wUilo ho Ift^ thoro to tvst hia men before 



th» imr to ClmipiMi ialc 
hM that thr likdt vm agiBD coW^ 
mtamtt 1 naiiia1|.iing,i to haiaaa 
mammal be th a w fo w. afcaia ad- 
vaaeBd, aad {^i JL^.> a tfaani tine defieated 
tbevi at tbat riDa^ H« e aptor ecl tvo gvas. 
awiaawiiltke»gbel»tbfCTldayhawii 
aUa to afcct tbv paaag* tt tbe Gangaa 
wilhovt BMhataliaa. 

Om 16 Ang^ ka oa g ootT a hundred men 
mdir Xeill at CbwnpOR^ b? marched oa, 
Bitkaor, when Somr tboosaod rebels ha 
aaaoMd a tlovateaiw attitude. After 
■evBM Mk* he tiffaitpn tbem. captured ti 
incaa, aM wtmu ed to C*vt]i» .r:-. ilere 
(oand awailiair bxm t^ ' annuund 

in|r ikeapponttn^nt o: -Outram' 

he Htirf eoanoisaiotifr ot Uudit. and to i 
nilitary eammand of the country in whic 
Itarriodt was operatisg. To remove liio 
fitaa bis «""*— -^ bMaoaa he had not t ake 
LuekBoar e mumjd wueaBMHUe. He did no 
hoverer, Csr ona moment saSer hi§ bitte 
disappointment at his snpersp?fnon to affV^ 
the enerjretic discharge nf hi» duty, and whe 
Sir James Ontrara anived at Cawnpore 
I'l Sept. with laq^ reinfbtveiaents, he fout 
Uavelock had made erenr preparation to i 
able him to advance at once on Lucknov 
Then occurred one of the most memorab 
act« of self-«bneg>tion recorded in militnr 
hintori,-. Sir James Outram waived hia milS 
tary rank in order to allow Ha\'elock to reap 
the reward of his noble exertions, and ac- 
companied the forco in his civil capacity, 
ofiering' hi« military fc*rvice tn I lavflock bs a 
volunteer, proposing tn resume chief militar 
command when Havelock had effected tl 
relief of Lucknow. 

On 19 Sept. the bridi;e over tlie Gang 
was completed, and Havelock marched ou 
of Cawnjmre with three thousiind men of all 
arms, and crossed the river under the enemy*a 
fire. On arrival at Mungulwar onthe^latT 
found the enemy muttaed there in sirengtl 
ond literally drove them nut of it and beyond 
l-biao. At BusaeerutgiinjTO he rested for the 
n ight, and piuihing i>n n>--xt dny t^Mzetl Bunneftfl 
sixteen niileii from Lucknow, U-fun* the enemyl 
hnd time to destmy the bridipe or organi.se an 
ufftwtiml reViitancc. At Bunnoe he again 
re-tted for the night, and on the morning Ol 
llie 2.*Jrd be appeared before the Altumlmghi 
und made h\» disposition for attack. Afl 
severe lighting he carried tho .\llum 
on'l Imltvd for twenty-four hours within sigh' 
of Lucknow to complete the prepiimtion for 
Ihedtflicult tu^k tieture }iini. (hi llie :?5th 
advance was made amid a storm of nmnd am 
grape nhot antl of muiikelry. The enemy wei 
driven out of the Charbagli enclosure, and tfai 



«79 



Cbnrba^l) bridfi^ was coiried by a most ^al- 
laut cborgu of tbe Madras fusiUvrH, Havu- 
lock'4 son diBtinguisbin^ bimself by perHonnl 
Tidour. Forcing its wny tbruu^li nnrrow 
treets and lanes alive with th« ent'iiiy's lire, 
Ihe column reacbed a bridge under (he lee of 
' the Kaiserbaf^h and t^xposed to it« lire. With 
the loss of many men the brid^u wax liur- 
moimted, and The forco, rQuntted, halted 
under cover near t he r'hattariManzil. Uutram 
strongly Hdviiied that, os dnrknes» was com- 
ing on, the ChattarMunxil should bcnccupied 
until the rear guanl could join Lhuin. Itiit 
Hav^ock was df^terinined topuali on, and to 
tb« cn^at joy of the beainffed he nained the 
reatdenry dint uiffht. On the 20th a strong 
parly tcoi A(>itt out to bring in the rear guard, 
the sick and the wounded. This was aocom- 
plisbed with eonajderahle loafl, ond then the 
command was assumed by I Outntni. It was 
»i>on evident that the relieving force hud 
arrived only to reinforce the Rurrison, for, 
owing to lack of transport to carry away the 
flick and wounded and the women and chil- 
dren, no moVBment could bt* made, and tluty 
rervr themselves bt'sieged. During tbesDven 
reeks which elapsed before Sir Colin Camp- 
ell ([. v.] camo to the second relief, the larger 
am'son was able to cope more otjually witli 
be enemy, and gradually to drive them out 
of many buildings and enclosures in tbe 
^Deighbfturbood of the residency. 
"" Sir Colin I'ampbell attacked on 16 Nov., 
nd Haveloek was directed to co-operate 
jtively with thu rulievlng army, a duty 
rluch he carried out with cnmplefe supcejw. 
[le meeting of Out ram and llavelock with 
6lr Colin Campbell was most cordial, and 
'isTelock learned that for his early successeji 
I had been mado n K.C.B. 
Hia last aetive duty had, however, beon 
srformed. On the rooming of ^0 Nov., 
rben the withdrawal fr«jm Lucknow com- 
Tnenced, he was attacked by dJurrhoja, and 
ird on the ^4lh, He was burt>.*<l at thu 
^lumbagh, bis son nnd the leaders with 
kliom he had been aj«.siioiatpd, Colin Cum|v* 
II. Uutram. InglJn, nnd •ilherK, following 
body to the grave. On tbe day of bis 
nth he remarked, * I die happy and con- 
siiefl;' and to bis son be saia, 'See bovr i 
IChri^ition can die.' 

, The report of Ilnvi'Iock's earlier victories 
%.i\ betjn rt'ceivi'd with a burst of entliusiasra ' 
Kngland as the tir»t gleam of light after , 
> durknei>s of revolt nnd massacre, aiuI bis 
iherto alni'tst unknown name wa-* on every j 
ague. As mieccBs follow^'d sucecps he Im"- 
oe tbe popular hero, ait<l thw knowledge 
bis eoroest religious character deej^ened 
the effect upon the public On 30 July be 1 



was promoted major-general, on 2f\ Sflpt. ho 
was made a K.C.U,, and on 'Jii Nov., when 
bis death was not known at Jiorae, he was 
created a baronet,, while a pension of 1,00(V. 
a ycjir was gnuitcd by parliament. It w&h 
not until 7 Jan. 1858 that tidings of bisdetatb 
reached England and plnnginl the nation into 
moimilng, riiemnkofa barouel'swidowwaa 
bestowed upon Lady Haveloek, a baronetcy 
on the eldest t-nn. who had so distingmsbed 
himself as his father's aide-de-camp, and an 
annuity of 1,000/. a year was unnnJmoiisly 
votetl t)y parliament to both widow and son. 
The common cuunril of Lundtiu dirt^cted 11 
bust of the general to be placed in l he tiuild- 
hall, and a statue was er«^cted by public sub- 
scription in Trafalgar Square. 

(lifted with military abilities of a high 
order, Haveloek had been employed for tLo 
fiTeater port of bis career in subortlinaie posi- 
tions, to which his want of means, and pro- 
bably also a certain sternness of disposition, 
combined with an earnest but somewhfil nar- 
row religious profession, had contribiitwl to 
confine him. A xoldier of The old puritan 
type, bis highest aim was to do bl» duty as 
senico rondenKl to Hod rather than to bia 
superiors, while the constant submission of 
himselftoOod 'swill enabled him to bearwilli 
cheerfulneM his many disapputnt meuts and 
the long waiting for that recognition of bis 
powers wliich he coveted, and mado him re- 
solute and devoted in tbe discharge of duties 
no matter how small. When tbe opportunity 
came to him he was ready. He proved him- 
self t4> be a great military leader, and won the 
gratitude oi bis country. 

[DMpatclics; Mnrsbmnii's Hemotrs of Sir H. 
Unvelock; JCiiyc's Sepoy War; Mallown'i Indiim 
Mutiny] " K. H. V. 

HAVELOCK, AVn.LlAM {1793-1H4R\ 
lieuteMftnt-colouel, was eldest son of Wil- 
liam Haveloek of Ingress Park, Kent, and 
brother of Sir ITenr^■ Haveloek ['l-v.] ond of 
Colonel Charles lUvelock, late ItJth lancers, 
wbo commanded a brigade of Turkish irro- 
gubirs in I be Crimean war. I le was bom on 
'2l\ Jan. 171*3, educated at the Oluirterbousa 
School and under a private tutor, and on 
\2 July IMOwiu* appuiiiled ensign -llird light 
infantry, in which he became lieutenant in 
1HI2. He carried one of ibe colours of tho 
43rd at the passage of the Coa in iHlU, and 
was present in all tho sulisenuent octiuns in 
which the Peniusula light division was en- 
gaged to the end of the war, the letter part 
of the time as aide-de-cump to Major-gene- 
ral Charle«, banm Alien [see Altex von, 
CiiABi.t!*,Cou.vT]. commanding the division. 
At tbe combat of Yura iu October 1B13 a 

S2 



Havereai 



>8o 



Havergal 



BpoaUU foTco was held in check by a formid- 
able ubnttis defended by two French regi- 
ments. Ilavflock.wholind been sent tonwer- 
tain thoir progrea^, 'culled on th^> Spnuinrda 
to follow him/and, putting 8;)urs to hiahon**', 
cleitred the iibnttisi nt a bound, nnd won! 
licndlonp' Among the Piiemy. Then lh*» Spa- 
niards, elieoririg for "el ehico bianco" (the 
fair Iwy), for ho was vtry ynnnjf, and had 
very light hair, with one shock hmke thmii3:h 
the French, and this just Jts their centre was 
flying under the tire of Kenijit's skinnishrrs' 
{ItUt. Peninjfttlar Wnr, bk. xxii. chiin, iv.) 
llavelockwasAlten'saide^e-eninpat Waier- 
loo and at the occupation of Paris. In 181H 
he obtained his company in thi* SL'nd f<"Mit, 
and pervwl with thnt corps in Corfn, after- 
wards exchanging to the 4th drajroons, then 
lately made light, with which he went 1o 
India. He w-as some time aide-de-camp to 
Sir Charles Colville [q. v.] when commantler- 
in-chiefHtIlonihny,aiidwHsnulitari,'socreti»ry 
lo Lord Elpliinstonewhil^ governor of Mad m«. 
He becflmennijor itli light dropoons in IKIO, 
nnd exchanging intn tlie I llh light dmpiKins, 
liernnie lieuteiuinl-colonel of that, regiment 
in ItMl. lie r»)nimande<l it in the field under 
Sir riiarlea Nupier, and with the liombny 
tro'ips sent to reinforce Lord (imigh's aroiy 
during the second Sikh "wnr. He fell mor- 
tally wounded at. the bead of his regiment 
in a desperate but successful charge on the 
Sikhs at Ramnuggur, on the bank?* of the 
river Chennb, <m '2'2 Nov. I84H. His sword 
arm disabled, hi« left arm and leg nejiHy cut 
off, after eleven of hiK troopfi-H hnd he<'n 
killed beside lilmjip was left for dead on the 
Held. Hflvcltwk married in If^^l ('arnline 
E., daughter of Acton Chaplin of Aylesbury', 
by whom he left a family. 

[FokIit's Hiiro netJi^re, nndcr ' nai,*olock-Alten ;' 
Kapior's Ili«t. ]*pnin.tular War; Xarrntires uf 
llie iSocond isikh Wnr; Gent. M:ig. nuwKtr. IStf), 
jtxxi. 3 1 ft. This notico Iins lnwon rurispd l>y 
Colonel A. 0. HAVcloc-k, Madras Staff Corps, soil 
oftlisabore.] H. M. C. 

HAVERGAL, FRAXCES RF11I.KV 

(IH3(I IH71)>, [Mjet nnd hymn-writer, the 
voungest, child of William Henry Havergnl 
\q. v.], by his first wifo Jane, was born 14 Dec. 
1 83fi ut her fat Iicr'a rectory* at Aj(tlcy,Worcea- 
tershire. From early years she showed ex- 
ceptional intellectual power, but owing to 
berdelicnte health systemntic study wasdis- 
coiiraged. In 1852 she accompanied her 
father and his fecund wife tn Germsny; 
Hliidi*«] for mon'lhan a yi*arin the Louisen- 
wduile at: Piiiiifldorf ami in the family of a 
(rerraftn paj*tor at t)bercassel ; and returned 
to England in December 1853. She wrote 



verses fpim the ngc of seven with remarJc- 
nble fluency, and h'T p()om8 were won til- 
milted into 'Good M'ords' and the best re- 
ligtDUH ixriodieiils. In 1865-6 ahe revi- 
sited (lermany, and took the opinion of the 
mn^^icinn Hi Her on her musical talent*. 
Hill'T )!>iiw tali-nt in her melodies, and highly 
praised lier bnrmonie^. Her father dind 
suddenly in 1870. and she pn^pnrt^d f^r the 
press a new edition of his * I'salmody.* On 
her mothers deotli in IS7B, she remo\*cd 
from Lramington to South Wales, near the 
Mumblejt, where she dierl 3 June 1879. 
Throughout her life she energetically eu- 
gaget.! in religioue and phllnnthntpic work. 
Mii<>s Ilnvergnl published collections > 
her poiunA and liymnA in many Acparnte vi 
lumes ; the earliest is duted 1V70. Amo _ 
iliem were * The Ministry of Song/ ouIh 
lished probably in 1870. ^rth edition, 1(»74; 
•Under the Surfnce.' IH74; ' Loval Re- 
Rnfinses.' 1K7H; • Life Chords.' \m); 'Life™ 
Kchoes; I88;i; 'Coming to the King,' 1886^ 
These were finally rei.^sued by her sjaler, 
M. V. (i. Havergal, tu two volumea of 
•Poetical Works,* 1884. Ml^s Havergnl 
also wrote many small devotional tracts am 
narratives in prose, all markod by the eami 
earnest and practical piety. H»*r religioi 
poetry became exceedingly popular in evfto— ' 
gelical circles, nnd her hymns are to be 
found in all collect iona. In her poetical work 
there is a lack of concentration, and a teo-^ 
deticy to meHuinglexs n*|)elitinn of pUrose^^l 
hilt some of her hymns are excellent, and 
will permanently preserve her name. Her 
autobiogrnphy was published in * Memorials m 
of Frances liidlcv HnvergBl, bv her Sisier.B 
M. V. G. Jlavergnl.' '2m\ edition, 1880. The^ 
influence of this bo^di has been as remark- 
able as that 'tf Mi-^ HiMergalV poems. It 
presents a tftri king picture of an iinueuolly 
eager, if somewhat narrow, spiritual life. 

[fjottcrs of Fraufcs Ridley ITaTcrgal. ediiod 
by MarMi Veruuii GrKtiam UnTerpal ; Fraocnr 
Ridley HavOTgal'ii IjMt Week, by Maria Tomoa 
Crahitni Uarcrgal.] R. B. 

HAVERGAL. HF.N'RY FAST (1820-fl 

1875), musician, eldest sou of William Henry 
Havergal (171)3-1870) [q. v.], was born at 
Coaley, Gloucepterehire, 2:!JuIy 18:iO. Fronj 
1828 to 18;J4 he served a.s a chnriator in 
New College, Oxford, and wa."* bible-clerk 
there from 1839. He matriculated fron*. 
Magdalen Hall on 18 Mav 1831*, graduat- 
ing RA. 184,*i and M.A." 184fi, In 1843 
he btviirae t'liiipbiin of Christ Church, and 
served in n bkecHpacilvut Xew College fmra 
1&44 to 1847. From 1847 till his d.-nth h. 
was vicar of Cople, Bedfordshire. For hi 



Havergal 



jTai^hAn. A stTmon.' 1&47. 2. • Dvith ■ 

fcr tfmder, tbe l>r«trme of the Holy Scrip- 
tures/ 1d49. 3. ' Sermon?. chieflT on His- 
torical 8ubit?cta, from theOUand NrwTwta- 
Bwnt.' 18o>'t. ^ ToU. 4. 'A Iii«tonr of Ihe 
Old Ilumlredlh IValm Tune,' -with speci- 
meiu, 1^*04 : in which work he attempted 
to proTe that Wtlliam Franc was the cum- 
p»«er. 5. *A Wis* and llolv Child. An , 
account of EL Edwanl*.' iSVi. 6. * Th« 
Faithful Servant. Two»ennon$nn tht.'d(!«th 
of the Rt'r. J. East,' 18.i(l. 7. ' Six I>iecture«i on 
the Ark of the Covenant,* 1h«7. I*. • Pyr- 
mont, an eligible place for Knjrli»h patients 
who rtH|uire chalybeate or ttaline waters,* 
e«lited by Mrs. C. A. Haverpal. IMTI. !!»» 
also wrote, eelected, harmonjfted, and ur- 
mnged. upwards of thirty works and pteoi-s 
of music. 

He married (U, 1> Mar lSlt% Jane, fifth 
daodbter of WilliaDi Head of Ka?t Orin- 
Btead-sho died 5 July 1(^>*; and (2), on ' 
^> July 1851, Caroline Ann. dan((hter of 
John Cooke of (Jloucester — she died '^6 May '< 
1878. lUa children, Henry Iia*t llaverjjnl ^ 
and Frances Kidley Ilarpn.Til, iir»* fiepanilely i 
noticed. Anotlier dauphrer, Mnnji \'enmn ] 
(ifaham llaverpfti, who dietl 'J'J June I8«7, 
wnt(e W!verul Ijook*. and on niitobioRraphy , 
which wa.« editud by her Bister, Jane Mirium j 
Harerpil, who married. ).>ctol»i'r 184i?. Henry 
Crane. Mrs. Crane also published records 
of her father's life. 

The younuest ao«, Faucets Tebbs Hater- 
OAI. (f8:;it-|H!>0>, aulbor and editor, bom 
27 Aug-. 18*ift, waH a bible-clerk of New Col- 
lege, Oxford (RA. ltCiL',M.A.l8.V); Iwfime 
viear-cUoml in Hereford Cathedral, l8,Vt- 
1S74 : vicar of Pipe with Lyde. 1801 74, aud 
of I'pton HlBbop. IH71-9(); and prebendary 
of Herefnnl, Id77-1>0. He dUni at I'pton oii 
•J7JnlvlHW0. Hewnite: I. ' The Visitor's 
Handituide lolTert-ford C«tlie<lml.' imW; 
tttb ed. 1S*^2. 'J. * Kaed llHrefordenses/ 
ly09. 3, 'Monumental InjKTiptionp in Here- 
ford Cathedral,' 1881. 4. ' Ueronls of lit- 
ton bishop,' l8A't. o. ' Horefoitliiihiro Words 
and Phrojsefi/ 18><7. 6. * Memorials of the 
Itev. Sir Frederick Arthur Gore Ouaelcv, 
Baronel," 1W9. 

[Rt-cordsof tlio Rev. William llonry Hoverga', 
by Iii" dftUfrlitor, J«n»' Miriam Cr^ne. 1882, wirh 
t wo p*irtr;iit.i . Bu Uotk's The Crown of the Road, 
IflHt. pp. 243-302. with two portraits; Jo«iHh 
^fillers Ringers ami Sno^ of the Church, 1669. 
pp. 429-30 , Keconl. 25 April 1870. p. 3 ; Otuir- 
dian.27April 1870, p. 483, G Aug. 189D. p. 1233 
(for I'mnciH Tobbs Hrtrergnl) : Rev. C. Hullock'fi 
Tlie Ffwtor RcmriiibtTed. witli a biographical 
•ketch by A. J. Ljrniiiigtoo. 1870, pp. 43-64.] 

O, C. B. 




HAVEBS, ALICK, painter. 
ax3, yita. Alice, d. 1890.] 

HAVERSy CLOPTOX (d. 1702). pty- 
itcian and anatomist, »on of a clDr;f7yinaiig^~ 
Ilenrv Haver«, was bom probably between 
in.i«l«ndl6tX). HeMttdiedatCatharineHalll^ 
Cambndjze, but left the univenrity without 
taking any depree. Ho was Bdmitte<i extr 
licentiate of the College of I'bj-sician* 
I>jndon on 2>* July I'W^, took the dejfree 
M.lJ. at Utrwht A July lli86. and was afi 
mitted licentinteof the College of Physician 
on i?2 Dec. 16^7, after which he practised in 
London. appanntly m the city. Besidc:> hifl 
medical practice, Hnvers occupied lumsclC 
with anatomy, and wta admitted fellow o£ 
(Im! l(oyal iSKriety on lo l»ec. ItWii. He wii ' 
cut oif in middle life by a maltfmant feve 
in April 1702, and was buritnl at ^^'illtMpifa 
Hoe, Eft.4«x, lejtving a widow mid chibiren. > 

Harers'g chief anatomical work^ • l»»(c 
logiaNova^ or some new Ob«er\'ation9of tL 
Bones and the parts Itelonpiniif tothem,' waS' 
communicated to the l{o%"nl Si Kjiety in meveral 
disooaraes, and printed in octavo, l^ndon 
1691. It wan a work of considerable in 
|)ortance in il5 day.and f^avetbeHrdt minutd 
iiccount of the structure of bone. The cele 
bmted lla^livi mnde use of it in Ins coroiK 
t it ive lecture fort he profeworsliip of anutomj 
at 1(ome, and generotL«ly attribute*! his ^^uc 
0CS8 to the help which it iillorded him. The 
book was well received on the continent, 
and VTM men* than once publislied in Latii ~ 
versions (FmnkfurT. l*Jll2, and Amsterdas 
1731, Itoth Hvo). The aulbor'g name iscom^^ 
memorated in the term ' Haverxian cnna)«, 
Rtill used for the minute channeU of bone in' 
which the blood- vess>el$ run. 

Hiii disKertation for the deforce of )f,I>^ 
(* Do Rcspirationc,' L'trccht, 1(J85, 4to) con ^ 
tnitu at least onccurlousobservat ion. Ilavi- 
afterwards edited, or rather corrected, iln 
Fng'lish version of a curious anatouiiL'ai 
work, lEemraelini'a 'Catoptrinra Microco 
mi.nim,' with the title *A l^iurvey of the 
Microcosme ; or the .Anatomy of the Bo<lie3 
of Man and ^\'(lman,' folio, London, HiM.> 
and 1702. It \a a collection of di«arct«> 
anatomical plat^v. formed by superim])o» 
slips, 80 na to show the relations of the |>art< 
of the body, with descriptions. He al** 
published in the ' PhilosophiciJ Transac 
lions* 'An Account of an Fxtiaon.linar _ 
Mleedinff from tlieLachrymul Gland' — a cas'o^ 
of fihi'ddinp: tesrfl of bloml {.\br. lii. OlH, 
ItiW), and a ' Discourse of Ihe Concoct ion oC ^ 
the Food * (ib. iv. 418, lODD). M 

[MnnVs Coll. of Pliy«. 2ud edit. 1878. i.4T7;" 
A Sermon preached at the Funeral of Clopluit 



i-nt, 
itiftS 



J 



Hjirvn. 3LD„ 29 April 170-2. by Lilly BuUer, 
I»D., London, 1702, ito; Wall's itibl. Brit. ; 
I H»Tera9 Works.] J. F. P. 

' HAVERSHAM, Lord {J. 1710). [See 

Thompson, !Sir Joiix.] 

HA VERTY, JOSEPH P.\TRICK(1794^ 
l&tU), painter, boni in Galway in \7*Ji, ob- 
taineid some repute as a pointor of portraits 
in Dublin, and waa elected u member of the 
Roval Hibernian Acadi^my. Among \i'\s best 
pt.irtrait8 are two of O'C'onnull, one the pro- 
p'ttv of the Keform Club, and the olbt-r of 
the Limerick corporation. He lived for eiume 
time in LimerlcK. In 1835 he sonl to tho 
Ro}al Academy in I^indon a p<)rtniit of tho 
liight Il*?v. Dr. Doyle, bishop of Kildare, and 
in 1W4 a picture of ' Father Jluthew receiv- 
ing a Repentant Pledge-breaker.' From 18-16 
to 18oT lie was a frequent exhibitor of por- 
traits in l^ndon. Ho occasionnlly painted 
^^jubject-pictunts, and a «et of thrw — 'liaj)- 
^^■bbqI)' ' Confeuuiou/ and 'Continuation' — 
^^■rrre lent to ibK Irish I'bchibition in I^iudon, 
^^nSd. Martin IIaverty[q. v.] was bis brother. 
^^Be died in Dublin in 18&1. 
' [OniTrtis Dict.ofArtials, 1760-1830; WebVa 

Camp, of Irifh Biog. p. oS-1 ; Roj-al Acad. Cnto- 
logat-N.] L. C. 

HAVERTY, MAUTIN(1800-1887),bis- 

irian* boru in eo. 3fayn on 1 Dec. lHlt9, re- 

tivcd the chief part of hia education in the 

isU College at Parts, and come to Dublin 

in 1836, In the following year he joined the 

AtaH'of ibo * Freeman's Jonniol/ with which 

bo was clow'Iy connected until ISoO. In 

1851 he made nn extenditl tour through 

Enrofw, which he df*cribed in a lung wriew 

newi«pfti>fr contributions. On hi* reliini 

Ilubliii llaverly was made sub-librarian at 

ihe King's lonf, where he remained for nearly 

n quarttir of a century, devoting himsi'lf 

principally to the preparation of a geni'ral 

indojc to the books in I ho library. He die<l 

in. Dublin on 18 Jan. 18S7, and was buried 

the Glasnevin cemetery. Joseph Patjick 

verty [<j. v.j was his brother. 

Haverty wrote : 1. * Wanderings in Spain 

in 1843/ I^omlon,:i vols., 1844, li'mo. L>. ' Hih 

iatory of Ireland, Ancient and Modern. 

ived from utir native luiiiaU . . . with 

Copious Topographical and general Notes,' 

Dublin, 1860, Bvo. Thc> miiteriaU for this 

hiatoTT were largely gathered abroad. A 

second and enlarged edition appeared in 

1885. 3. * The liiAtoPk- of Ireland, Ancient 

and Modem, for the use of Schools and Cul- 

lefTK,' kc, Dublin, I86D, 12mo. 

[Irisii Ijiw Times. '22 Jan. 1887; TrMman's 
Jouraal, 10 Jan. 1887 ; Wobb'ii Coaip. of Irish 
Biog. p. 584.] W. A. J. A. 



T^Iri 
in 
all 
ho 
18 
El 

PK 
n 
pri 

inu 
I i n ] 

, inl8 
^Kiati 




HAVILANI), JOHN (1785-1861), prt>- 
fesaor of medicine at Cambridge, son of a 
Bridgewnter surgeon, descended from a 
Guernsey family, wo* bom at Bridgtwater 
on 2 Feb. 178fi. He was educated at Win- 
chester College, and in 1803 matriculated at 
St. John's, Cambridge, where he graduated 
B.A. as twelfth wrangler in 1807, subse- 
quently becoming a fellow of hifj college. He 
proceeded .M.A.iu 1810, M.L. 1HI2. and M.I). 
1817. Uc afterwards t^tudied medicine ut 
liklinburgh for two sessions, and for three 
yeant at St. Bartholomew's, London, lie 
became an inceptor of the Royal Collwe 
of Physicians in 1814 and a fellow in 1818, 
and delivered the Harveiau oration in 1837. 
Having settled ut Cambridge, Daviland wu 
elected profe«M)r of anatomy in 1814 on the 
death of Sir Busick Harwood [q. v.],and on 
Sir I.iaac Peiiningtuii's death in 1817 wus 
appointed regius profe^i^or of phyiiic and phy- 
sician to Addenbrooke's Ho^pitiiJ, resigning 
the anatomical chair. He gave up his n(*ai 
as hospital physician in 18;J^>, but nMained 
the regius prufeH.M>r^hip till his death on 
8 Jan. .I8r>] . He had a large practice in Cam- 
bridge till 18it8, when be retired; and heoxer- 
cised a good iittiliienee in keeping the medical 
school at Cambridge alive when it was threat- 
ened with ejttinct ion. He was the firvt pro- 
fessor who gave regular courses on pathology 
and the practice ot medicine; he estublished 
a formal curriculum and satisfactory exami- 
nations in place of merely nominal procced- 
ingt). His character was high, and his judg- 
ment gowl. He wrote nothing but a synopsis 
of lect iires on uuutomv, Hnd * Some Observa- 
tions eipiicerning the Fever which prevailed 
in Cambridge during I Ik- t>pring of IblO^AVr- 
di'cal TraMMction/', 181o). Ho married in 
1819 I^ouisn, youngest daughter of tho Rev, 
O. Pollen, and lett five sons. 

{Oent. Mni;. ISol.new (tor. zxxT. 200 ; Munk'a 
I. of Phy». iii. 1S3. 18*.l G. T. II. 

HAVILAND, WILLIAM 0718-1784), 
general, cfdond 45th foot, son of Captain 
Peter Haviland, was born in 1718 in Ireland^ 
where his father was serving in a marching 
regiments On 26 Dec. 1730 he was ap- 
pointed ensign in Sixittiswooile's, otherwise 
Gooch'a regiment, a corps of American pro- 
vincials ranking as the old 43rd foot, and 
broken up in 1712, with which he ajipears to 
have served at CartluLgena oiul Poilo Bello. 
Sub»ei|ueutly he obtained a company in tho 
27lh Inniakilling foot, commanded by Colonel 
William (afterwards Lord) Blakeney [<^.v.], 
which alsohad been at PnrtoBellu. llavitand 
acted as aid&-dt>-canip to Blakeney at tho 
defience of Stirling Caalle and elsewhere lu 



I74r>-^t, and nrnsBfterwtrdtttiouif vear&tnire- ' 
Iftiul with tliB ifTlli, iu which hf Wi-uiue major , 
in I7r»0, und U'fUifuikiit-folouel in 1752. In i 
1767 he tuok tho regiment out to America. | 
Ilt< coniiiiftnO<-(3 at Kurt Etlwan) during the 
winter of 17')7->* { Pa uku an, ii.clmp. i,),unil 
wii.^with .\bt*rcminl)y iit Tir4)n<l<'n»^tt in 175^, 
and in vnrioiifs n[M'nili{m.t nnder .\iidit!r»1 in 
]7'i**-tjO. In the lalter jear hf cninmandtMi 
tt f<.>n-t« of ;i,4()0 men, inoludinfj provincial 
ami Indians dt-s]>atc!icd trom L'rown Point 
to farce a way by Ualit* Clininplain, whiclt 
va* defended by a strong Fn-nch post at 
Lilu uux Noix, and to eflK't a Junction with 
the armies under Murruy and Amherst con- 
VL'rging" on Mnntrenl, « wrvice siiccfiwfully 
iccomplished ((/>.pp.;i*fl-K*J|. llttitUnd ptw- 
eeSMd coiL-iidt^nihlt- mechanicn) gt-niun, and 
vas the inventor of a ;7]ii;cM('-t nf ]>oiitoi)n for 
psMinf? rapidi^. llitt fLTlility uf n^souree ib 
said to havt' hir^ely coulrihnled to thu suc- 
cess of the diHicult operations in which he 
was employed. After (liu fall nt )[>intre&l 
\w went to till! AVi-ftt iDdiec^. und woh Kccond 
in command at the r«duotion of Martinique, 
And commanded a bri|?nde at the rich con- 
quest of Havana in 17ti:2. lie iHMMime a 
major-ffeneml, and in 1707 wns appointed 
colonel 4r>ih foot. He became lieutenant' 
irenerrtl in I77:f, and peneral in 17H;i. Durinft 
the American war of ind*'peiidence he held 
comninnd iil Whitehaven forn^hort time, and 
in 1 771), durinif the alarms of aKn-nch invasion, 
he was appointiHl to command the w-wtern 
dislrict. with head(|uar(ers n( I'lymoutli. 

Havilund mtirried, first, Cnroline, daugh- 
ter of (.'(ilonel Fnitici:s and I-.!idv Khzubelh 
Ix*e, and uTanddiiiiuditiT nf the first Karl of 
Licbfiehl ; j^he died in Ireliind in I7ol,havinjf 
hud no i.<iAiie; si^cundly, Snlnshnry, dnnffhti-r 
of ThoniQs Atiton of lUmu lien, county Louth, 
bv whom 111* had a son, Colnnel Thomas 
llaviluiid t>f Penn, who ditni in 1793, and a 
dau({hter. ilaviltind, who-ie ^ent was Peun, 
in lUtnihum parish. Buckinghamshire, waif a 
near Deigliba\ir antl intimate personal friend 
of Burke, with whoso family be was ton- 
hected through his Beeond nuirriago. As 
general commanding the western district he 
was remarkedfor his openhunde<J hnspituUty 
to officers of b<.)lh ttervicea, and he died cr«n- 
tMratively poor al Penn on !♦> .Sejit. 1784. 
There is a munil tablet to hi;* memory at 
Bumham jmriuh church. 

[A eenwilogy will t* Tniind un'Ior ' Dnrke of Bpa* 
fonxfield' (Unrilnnil-Iturke) in Hurkf's Landed 
Gentry, 1868 ed,, hut not in Ulcr edilionn. I-br 
ether dctwils see HniH» (>fli[-« Mil. Kntry Hook, 
r»>I. xvt. ; Printcil Lists of Anny in IrvUnd. en- 
titled Quarleniof tht) Arniym Ireland. 1742-52. 
in Brit Museum; F. Parknian's Montcalm aud 



Wtiire. ii. chnp. i. and 3fil-82, and mnr^nal rt» 
A-renceggiveQinthat wurk.Oeot. Mag. 1 7S4.pt. ii, 
71B-19; Litnivmtfe'b Buckiaghaln&hire, lii. 292, < 
and (Mrs. Ili^vihnd} I'JU'.'-l H. M. C 

HAVILLAND, THOMAS FIOTT on 
) 177">-180<J I, lieuicnont-oolonel, eldest son of 1 
Sir Peter de UavilUnd (d. 1821). knight, of 
HaTillund Hnll. Guernsey, by his wife Carla- j 
rt'tln,daughternnd heiress of the Uev. Thomas ' 
Kiotl, wiKi burn at IlaviUhnd in April I77*i. I 
In 170.1 he obtained a Ma<Ira8cadet«hip,snd I 
on 3 May 17W1 was appointed en.sign m the J 
^ladrasengineers (pioneers). Hissubse*]uent I 
commissions were : lieuteuont I79G, coptaio.] 
iHOti, major 1815, licuteuaut-ciilonel 1^24. 
He served at the siege of I'ondicherry in 
17itU, and at the reduction of C»ylon in 
171*5-0; he marched with Colonel lirown*»'s 
force (four thon.-yind men) from Trichinnpoly 
to a#ifiist in thu npcraiiomi aguinf>t Tippuo 
Hjihihin 1 7!HKand accompanied BairdVtn>o^ 
up the Bed Sea to Kgypi in 1801. Un bu 
return he wa^ captun'd bv a French eruiMff 
but was speedily ndea*etf. Uc served witli 
his corps until I8li', when he returned homaj 
on furlough, and was commiBsioned to build] 
the .Teyh'iurg barmcks, Guemcej'. In 181-i] 
he was appointed civil engineer and arrhitecft 
for the Siadrax pre/ideney, an nppaintmentj 
he held until his retirement fnnn tlie M-nicft' 
I lifter liiK fathnrV dejith), '20 Aiiril \i^Jft. 

He WHS an olficer of much z*^al. ability, and 
originality. When stationed at Seringana- 
lara, whciro he urected some important niili- 
tarv works.he proposed to bridge the Caurety 
with five brick urehes of UO feet spsn nnil 
' only eleven feet rise, a very bold couct*ptioa 
for that day. The Qiithoritie& sotuted the 
idea, and to prove il.'^ feasibility De Ha\ illand 
erectfd u similar arch in hi.-* gnrilt-n, which 
I isstillKlaitding. Hi'niletnpted todeterminu 
' the inenn sea level at MadniH from daily ab- 
fuirvalions extending over six motithf, and & 
datum line, known as 'l)e Haviltand'sl>eiieh- 
mark,' nniy vet be Keen on a stone let into 
the waU oif tort St. George. Ileconstructed 
the Mount road, ond built the bulwark or old 
sea wall <if Miidnis. In 182-J he wrote a re- 
port on Indian limestones, and recommended 
that collectors should lie instructed to for- ■ 
wiinl e(|H>cinien(i of limestones from their seve-H 
nd districts for analysis and comparison of ^ 
the strurturBl value.x. He built the cathe- 
dral und St. Andn'wV rreshjierian Church, 
Madrn.s, the latter considered one of tha 
bnnd»^mest ]Curnp4^-an structures in India. 
lie recommended the survey of the Panjam 
passage for the improvement of the port, a 
work carried out bv one of bis subaltums, 
the present Oeneral Sir Arthur Cotton. 

Alter hie retirement Da Ilavilland devoted 



Haward 



185 



Hawarden 



elf to the afikira of Guernsey, of which 
[llti wu a j»fti(^e and member of tlie leginU- 
lure. lleaurritMlinlSOS K1ixabeth.<lau({li- 
er of Tbomaii Saum&rez. bj wliutu hu bad 
ftuvo Mnfi: Thomas, a cajitaia in the 'V^h foot 
rj(<f. 1843 >, uid CUuiics UoM do )]avilland, 11 
e1er|e:ymuD, who also diL'd bcforts his folher. 
And two daughters, lie died ot Doauvoir, 
Gaernwy, on 'Jti Feb. I860, aged 90. 

[Viljttrt'a Hixt. MAdreg Sappers and Miners. 

ZjODdito. 1882. ii. 1 tit msj.. whoro is Do Havil- 

llnod's report on the origin of ihn corpH ; Bnrkc'g 

IIadJcJ UentrA- (IMflS) ; Inelinn Army Lists; Bal- 

'^oursIadMii Orel.; Gvut.Mag. 1B6S, pt. 1603.1 

II. M. C. 
HAWABD, Fn.\NCISn7.iO-1797).cD- 
rrovcr, bom on 1!) April 175P, became in 
1776 a student of thv lUiyal Academy, and 
lin the same year mgravcd in nii^zzotint a 
■{Kirrtrsit of James Ffrausnn the astninomur. 
l»ner J. Norlhcoto. Iiis orher ejifrravtngs in 
rmezzotint are 'Master Bunbury,' after Sir 
I Jiwhua Iteynoldn (1781), a joslly admired 

friiil, and ' Euphrasia,' aft«r W. liamilton. 
fawardfiub«tHiiiently adopted the fashionable 
stipple msnuer.iir nitber the mixed style, of 
L JJartolozKi, in which he attainffd genuine ex- 
Icelh^nce. II is principal enp'avitiffsin this me- 
l^od are * Mrs. Siddons as the Trajfic Mu?e,' 
I And * (.'ymon and Iphigenia,'afrer Sir Joshua 
jlleynolds. The formerwas exhibited at the 
jlCoyul Academy in 1787, and the latter in 
11797. lie aW exhibited in I7Kt ' A Cupid,' 
|m 1788 'Portrait of Madam d'Eon in her 
I year, fmm a picture by Angelica Kautf- 
m/ in 17liL*an nnKniRbed enj^raving, and 
1703 a finii^hed prrMif of 'Tlie Prince of 
"Wales,' after Sir Joshua Reynolds. Hawanl 
Tnia elected an associate enfpuver in 1783, 
And wng eventually appointed 'engraver to 
JI.U.ll. the Prince o^ Wales.' He resided 
for many years in Marsh Street, Lambeth, 
frand ia i^tnted to have died there in 1797. Ilis 
|Ja»t pnpra^-inp, however, the * Cvmon and 
llphigvnla.' bear? the address ot 3 Little 
Geor^ Street, Wet^tminster. Amonp hi* 
other eng^mvings are 'The Infant Academy,' 
after lleynnhl!*, port rails of Chnrli';*, maniuis 
Comwallis, and of Captain AVilHani f'orn- 
■WBllis,bolboflerI).r»ardner,and others after 
} C. llowlba, W. Ifomilton, and A. Znechi. 
Ilia widow received a pension fromlhe Uoyal 
Academy for forty-two yeans. 

[ Dotld'^manuscript Hist.of En^llflh Engravers 
L(IIrlt. Mas. .AddiC MS. 33401 > ; Kodanive'o Diet. 
lof Artista; SMmlhy'sHwt.of the Royal Aca(!<?Tny; 
p Hamilton's EograTed Works af Sir Joshaa Key- 
rnolda.] L. C. 

HAWARD, NICHOLAS (/. 15091. 
author, apparently a native of NorfoUi, de- 
ibea himself aa a student of Thavies Ion. 



Ilepublished: 1.' A brinfp Chronicle, where in 
are described abortive the Orifnnail, and the 
successive estate of the I^^mainH WL-alo puln 
ligue. . .from the first foundntvnn of tiio 
Gityof Rome, vnto the M.C.and XlX, yehm 
there of. , .collected and fathered first by 
Eutropius, and Knglifhed bv N. llavvnn!,' 
Kvo, London, loiU. •J. 'Tlie' Line uf Libe- 
ralitie dulie directinge the wel bestowing of 
BenelitHS and reprehendiujj the comonly vsied 
vice of Ingratitude,* Hvo, London, 1569. 

[Brydjica aD«l Haiileirood's Brit, Bibhograpber, 
ii. 155, lirit. Mas, Cai.] U. IJ. 

HA WARD, SIMON {Jl. 1572-1614), 
di>-iac. [tine IUkwaiid.] 

HAWARDEN, KDWATll) (l(H12-173r>), 
Roman eaihidie divine, eulogist'd by Iti.shop 
MiUu'r as ' one of the mo^l profound theolo- 
gians and able eontrnversiali6ts of his age,* 
the son of Thnmaa Hawarden of Croxteth, 
l^ncaBhire,\vas bornnn 9 April ltltt'_',and woa 
educated at the Gnglixh Collefifu at Hounv. 
He waa ordained wriest on 7 June 10H6, He 
had Iwen nrevioualy engaged a« classical tutor 
in his college, and now was ap]K)inted pro- 
fessor of philosophy. Ho took bis degree of 
H.l>. at the umverwly of Houny, and was 
immediately afterwards placed at the head of 
a colony of priests sent in September and 
October 1688 from Douhv to Oxford. When 
James II had detennimHl to make .Mairxlaleu 
College a seat of catholic education, Hawar- 
den wa.-i intend«l for the tutorship of divinity 
atMagdalen. Tbeexi»:*rtetl revolution fim'tsl 
him to leave Oxford on lU Nov. and n*turii to 
Douay, where he was installed as pntfessor 
of divinity, and held the olliee for seveuteea 
years. Ho took the degroD of D.D. soon after 
liis return, and was appointed vico-preudent ' 
of the college. In 170:;hewa.'( an unsuccessful 
candiiUleforoneul the royal chairs of divinity 
in llouay Iniversity. A little later he was 
groundlesaly accused of Jansenism, He loft 
Douay in Septemlx-r 1707, anrl fora fnw yeiira 
conducted a mi9«ton at Gilligute, Durham, 
On the death of his frifud Ri-thnp Smith in 
1711 he exchnuged that mission for one at 
AldclifTe Hall, near Lancaster, which be pro- 
bably lefl in 17iri. on the seiicuru of the Iiall 
by the comniissionera for forfeited eslalw*. 
liefore 171i) he wa^ settled in Ixmdon, liad 
been appointed * catholic controversy writer,* 
and had published an ini|iortont work. On 
the publication of the second e<Jition of Dr. 
Samuel Clarke's 'Scripture Doctrine of tho 
Trinity," which cameoutin 1719,aconferQnctt 
was arranged by the deiiire of Qu«<-*n Caro- 
line between Hawarden and Clarke for tho 
express purpose of diacusaing the Trinitariaa 



Haweis 



Haweis 



J doctrine. The meeting took place in the' 
'|ireMncc of the auevn, and Ilantmlen wa« 
thought to have tlie Iwst of the tiispulc. He 
returned to the auViject bouk^ vi'ars later in 
his * AuswiT to Dr. ("larke uiid Mr. AVhislon.' 
]Iu difi) on 23 April 173^ iu London. A 
meuotini portnut of llawarden by Tumor 
[iru published about IHU. 
t . Hu wrote : 1 . ' Tho True Church of f TiriM , 
Iftiired by concurrent Ttstiinonii^s of Sfrip- 
tim and Primitive Tradition, iu andwer to 
. . . [Lwlie'sj The Cat* .Suted,' Jcc., 1714- 
1716, 2 vol*. 8vo ; ind edit, 17»8. 'J. ' Oia- 
I Mimes of l^'ItKion, between a Mini5ti'r of the 
' Ohurcli of England and a Cniiutrv UetLtle* 
roan,' 1710, llimn. 3. 'The Uule'of Faith 
trulv 8tat<Ml in a new and easy Method,' ice, 
172i. i. 'Postscript, or a lleview of th« 
U rounds already laid,* 1720. G. * Some II**- 
inarks on the tV'cree of King Augustua II, 
&c. By H.E.,'172il. (t. 'Charlry and Truth; 
or, CaiholicltA not uncharitable \n Bjiviuglhut 
none are nnveJ out uf the Catholick Commu- 
nion, becauee the Itulti is not Cnivfrsal,' 
HruMcls, 172H,8vri; areply toChillingworth's 
* Ileligion of Pn^leAtants.' 7. ' Catholick 
Qrouudit, or a Summary and Rationiil .'Vc- 
count of the LTnchangeauIo Orthodoxy of the 
CatholickChurcli,'1729,8vo. 8. 'An.\ni%ver 
to Dr. Clarke and .Mr. Whiston concerning 
the Divinity of tho Son and of the Holy 
Siiirit.' 172it. On tho puliliciilion of thia 
work Hawunlen nxviveu t)ie ih-anks of the 
university of OxfonI for his ditfenrc of the 
Trinity. 9. 'Wit against Ileason, or the 
Protestant Champion, the great, tho iiirom- 
parablc: Chilling^vorth not invulnerable,' kc, 
BrufW«:ls, 17t'W, 8vo, A collected edition uf 
his works whs published at Dublin in IMOM. 
Several of his uiipublishud manuscripti* arc 
mentioned by Mr. liillow. 

[Gill'jw'BBibli(i«. Pirt.. of Kneli^-h CalholiM, 
iii. 167-82 ; Dodds Church Hist. 174i, iii. -187: 
Butlpt'd Memutniof ilieCatlioticfl, 18:'2. iii. 420 ; 
C. Butlcr'e C-onfessiions of Faith, 181(1. p. 6.1; 
Dijuay Diarica (Knox). 1678; Tyldeslcy Diary 
(Oillow and Hewitv-n), 1873; l-^VBiifc'* Cnf. of 
KnnniVL'd Portmits, ii. 19-1, J C. W. S. 

HAWEIS, TIIOJLVS, M.D. (1734- 
1820), divine, horn at Uwlruth, Cornwall, 
on 1 Jan. 1733 4. was baptii^id on 20 Feb. 
His father, Thomas Hawi-is of Chincoose 
in Kenwyu parish, was a eolicitor, who gra- 
dually mortgnged all his projiertv, and died 
at Itedruth in October 17.'):j. Tlis mother 
WR» Bridgman, only dfiughtor of John Wil- 
Ivams of ("anianton in Muwgiin in Pyder, by 
firidgmon, daughter of Colonel Uumpliry 
No}-. Thomas was educated at the 'Truro 
grammar school, where he waa famnuH for 
bla oratorical powers and his knowledge of 



Greek, and at the concluivion of Lu •chooli 
dnys waa bound an apprentice to a siirigeon- " 
apolhwary in that town. On 1 Dec. 17o6he 
matriculated tVom Chrij^t Church, fJiford, and 
was afterwards a memlKr of Mngdalen Hall^ < 
but he never took any degree in ihi* univer- j 
eity. In 17o7he wasordameiland appointed! 
cheplain to the Karl of Pttorbo rough, audi 
became curnto at St. Mary Magdalen, Ox-j 
ford. On being removed from St. Marv'b hyl 
Dishop Hume on account of his mct^odi.'vtij 
syuiputhiea, he became assistant to the Uer.i 
Martin Miidan [q. v.] at the Lock Chapel, i 
London, lie was from 25i''eb. 17G4 till his 
death rertor of Aldwinkle, Northampton- 
shire. In 1707 Haweis was called onhytho^ 
patrons to resign }U\^ living, on the ground 
tlmt he had takuu it under letter* of nwignn-J 
tion. This he positively denied, but a livelj 
discussion folKi%ved, and at least ten worka ' 
were printed on the subject. Chief Baron 
Sir Sidney Stiilford Smytlie in a letter toi 
Uaweitt Miyg: * In theaffiiiruf .Vhlwinkle Tou] 
acted with perfect uprightne*8, and I shall baj 
alwavft refldy to declare to it/ In 17G8 h«f 
became chaplain to Srlina Hasl ing!>, countesflil 
of Huntingdon, and maniii;er of the colle 
which she Imd just cfitablidhed at Troverc__ 
in Wales. t\>n Lady Huntingdon's death i^ 
171)1 fihe left him her trustee and executorj 
and from that time ho liud the chief manago-l 
ment of her numerous cbRpeKt. In 1772 hoi 
received the degnie or LL.U. at Cambridge.! 
becoming a member of Chriat's CoMegc, and! 
from one of the univer»itiee iu Scotland " 
obtained an 31. D. degree alioul Ihip period. 

He took a great interest iu foreign mia-i 
sions, especially in thoss to Africa and thoj 
South SetLS, and wns ohp of the first pT(^ 
moters of the Lond<m Missionan- Society in 
17il4, for the benefit of which he preached 
many sennons. He wiis a very voluminous 
writer; upwai-da of forty works liear his 
name, and some nf llie*e went through nu- 
merLUii* e<litions. Their titles are fully given 
in the* DibtiothecA Coniubinnhis.' Amons^ 
them tiTii ' The Cummuuiciuita' SpirituA^ 
Companion,' 17(UJ,whiL*h enjoyed much popu- 
larity, ond ran to twenty oditions ; ' Car- 
minn ChriFti, or Hymns to the Saviour,'j 
171)2, u verv favourite hymn-book, whiclii 
went through nine edit ions ; ' .\ Translation ofl 
the New Teiitnment fmm the nriginul ()ret'k,,f 
\79ri'. 'Thf I,ifeof\ViIHfvmllomaine,'i797; 
'.■\n Impartial and Succinct llistorv of the 
liise,D<>clenKion,andKi'vivnl of the Church of 
Chrii*T,' 1800.3 vols. Dr. I^aac Milner, dean 
of Carlisle, made a printed n-ply to this 
work. Hawois was a great friend of lhoi| 
ll*n-. John Newton of Dlney, whose *Au« 
thcDtic Narrative ' he edited in 1704, and i 






timatc acquaintance of the Uw. Martin 
fttian, to whose 'Tlielj-phthnrft' bethought 
it seoeuaiy to moke a reply in 1781. lie 
took a mat interest in xhv improvement of 
the Condi tiou of tht? poor.ond ivoi* an mh-ocat*' 
of the clnims of the HiimAnt! SrMMrtv. Ilia 
viewft, strictly evangi'lical, <'XpoB»'d uim to 
ftv<iuenl Httack. As a preucUt-r he was very 
Bucces&ful; he had large conj^^re^aiiona, ancl 
in^frcat request as a pnachcr of charity 
■ermoDK. lie died at Beaufort Duilding^, 
Satb. on 1 1 Feb. 1820, and 'wqb buried in 
the abbey church, where his monument by 
error tftntestbat bid aire wna 77. He was 
married three times. Tie had an only gon, 
John Oliver AV illyams llaweis, forroerly rec- 
tor (if Slau^liam. Sussex, now prebiMidary of 
Chicba'*t».T, iind fntlierof the Ilev. Hugh Re- 

S'naldllaweiBrpcrpelual curate of . 'St. Jsmca's, 
aryleboue. 

[Life of Ojuntcss of Huntingdon, i. 223, &<?.. ii. 
3U,&f.: KTmif^'flLciilMflfr. 1617 XXV. 341-B, 1821) 
xxviii.l04.I2iM74.2.T7;OcriLMaK.OcliiborI7fl7 
p. 607-10, M»Kh 1820 i. 277, ^yo ; Palwhelu's 
iiogmphinl Sketches, i. 80-8. iit. 171-2; Public 
Charactere for 179»-9. pp- 312-10; Morisan'ii 
FathoK of rbo Loudon Miasiuaary t^ocivty. 1940, 
ii. 170, 207; Now's Tho Coronet and The (.'««», 
18^7. p. UR, &c ; TuDStall's lUmblos nboul 
Bath. 1H4H, pp. 3A-S; BuHsa and Courtney's 
Bibl. Comuh. pp. 2lft-19. 1231; Botra's Collec- 
tanea ComubicoaiQ, p. 336.] O. C. B. 

HAWES,Sin niCNJAJUN (! 797-1 &6i>\ 

ander-secretary for war, woa born in London 

ID 1797. His fntlier, Ik'uioraiu Howes of 

the New Rarpe Houm', I^amWth, so(ii>-boiler, 

I Tjraa elected F.S.A., nnd dit-d in IliiMell 

iCquare, Loudon, in ]tMi]. His niolhnr'A 

cmuideii iiiune wiw I'VItbnni. lU-njamin wn« 

[educated at I>r. Canualt's school at INit- 

CJjev, and when of fljie entered into purtncr- 

Lshfp with his fnthfTiind uncle. He Hrst held 

tortice a« a mafiri.-strotc and deputy-lieutenant 

I for Surrey, llo took an active part in the 

Lqoarter sessious, and after the Iteform Hill 

rt>as$ed was elocteH for the newly created 

'tomu^h of Ijinib«*tb. This w'at he lielil from 

12 Oec. IB;W to the. ^uenil elwlion of 1847. 

lie represented Kinsale from H March IB4S 

until his retirement in li<ryj. In his earlier 

career he meddled with many affikini whicli 

he did not understand, and cxpoiied himself 

to ridicule, but with i-xperience (^fuinttl the 

r«(q>ectrul nttentiou of tho Houbo of Com- 

^snona. Hia oratorical powers were above 

|»iediocrity. Thoiipb not a member of the 

league, hn was a fitrenuous odTocala of the 

t repeal of the com taws. He worked hard in 

llieimlf of the p'uny pfintajje system. It wast 

ring to a motion of biti in 1841 that the 

I Art« commiasion was appointed, and to 




him it is due that the liriti»h Museum waa 
opened to the public on holidays. He waA » 
supporttT of the Thamea tunnel scheme, and 
intere.Mod himself iu the battle of the fiaugca. 
He was an early advocate of the electric tele- 
graph, and made the first arrnngement for the 
uarlnerHhip between Sir AVilliam rothergill 
Cmikf and Sir C. AVheaLttone in iHii". ll« 
had theories u]»on veuiilatiou, and ptitnmi^ed 
ItuWmge's eulculatinp machine. When tho 
whi(:s came intootlice.hewasappoiQtcd under- 
secretary of stale for tho coUmics on July 
184(i. He was transferred to tho war depart- 
ment, and became the deputy-secretary on 
31 Oct. 1851. In the foUowinfj year he gtva 
up his Beat in purliument and turned his full 
attention to the duties of hi«otIice, in which 
lie eamod a reputation for nhiliiy mid xenl. 
(leneral.Ionatlmn I'eel atatedlhfit the adop- 
tion of the Armstrong gun wn« largely due 
to Huwes. AVhen the experii'nce of the Cri- 
meim war led to the remodelling of the war 
ofKce.he to*»k in 1s"j7 the jwst of |M_'rmanent 
under-secretory. Forhiswrviciw d\iring tho 
war he was creatctl a K.C.B. on o Feb. lS5tf. 
He Ueldollice till his death, which took placu 
at 9 Queen Stjuaro (now 20 Queen Anoe'ft 
L4ate), Weatramster, on 15 May 1H«L'. 

In 1820 ho married Sophiii Mncuimiara, 
daughter of Sir Marc Isambard Druuel. She 
died on 17 Jan. lH7d. 

Haweawas iheautborof: 1. 'ANarralive 
of an Ascent of Mont Blanc during the Sum- 
mer of 1827 bv Mr. W. Hawcs and Mr. C. 
Fellows,' 1828.' 2. * The Abolition of Anret 
and Imprisonment for l>ebt considered in Six 
Letters,' if<fk(, 3. 'Speech of B. Hawes.iun,, 
in oti]JOfiition to the t^econd readiug of thu 
Bfink of England Charter Kill,' 1H44. lie also 
wmlo a paper in the * Transactions of the 
Central Society of Kducation,' 18.'J8. 

[Timi-a, 10 May 18G2 p. 0. 21 May p. 5; 
Frnncii's Orators of tho Af^, 1847. pp. 345-fiO; 
Gent. JiUg. 1802. pt. ii. pp. 101-3.] O. C. B. 

HAWES, EDWAKI) (./?. HKW), \yoeU 
was author of 'Traylerous Percyef* ond 
Cuteiibyes Fro^opopeia. Writ ten by Edward 
Hawes, Scliollor at Westminster, a Voutli of 
aixleene yeers old,' London, 4to, pp. 24, IttOlJ. 
A dedicatory epistle in Latin is addressed to 
Tobias Matthew, bishop of Durlmni, and 
there are a few lines (o the M?ad»;r in I^liu 
and in English, to which the signatuns 
* Yours, Edward Hawes/ is appended. 

[Lowndes's Ilibl. Alunual (Bohn), ii. 1013; 
Hiblioth<-ca Aiiglo-i'ooticu. p. 88fl.} R. It. 

HAWES, KK:HARD(IG03.»-I06K ),puri- 
tan divine, was bom tn Norfolk in llK)3 or 
HH)4. He wae educated at Ipswich school, 
and at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 



t88 



Hawes 



wluTt* bf pudHattMl B.A. in ItJi'M and M.A. 
in iii'Si i f'liiifrniti/ Mitli'iculntiim lir^iftff). 
Iliri Btt'pfiil licr inli-niltMl to liavo iirfSfnteil 
liiiii In K tiviiiff wliloh lu' as,*i'rti'a wa« hi*. 
Itiit wliich Ldril-kt'i-juT (.'ovt-ntry clauned on 
iM'hnlf of lliv crown. I'or I he suki- of peace 
llnwoH nccfitlrd tliu Inrrl keeper's promise 
tu npiMiinl liim to thu noxt vacant living in 
Ills Kift, nnd flicreby olii-ndwl Ihh xlt^pfuilier. 
111. woa eventually I'n-fcrn'd by C'ov<-Ulry to 
the ri'ctnrk- of JIiuuIht, HerefurdBbire, from 
which \w wuH H'Hin tnln^ft•^rL>d to ihat of 
K'-nlchiin-b in tbc mdi« county. I>uriDg 
th(* civil u'&r he ^ym(^>athiju>d with tbc par- 
Jimm-ni ; wiw nuKp^cted by tbi? rovUists of 
plotting itgniiiat tbi'iu; wuit taken tollurcfonl, 
Hud triod for bis liftt by il royidist council 
of war. Thu proBwution having been dis- 
covered to Im whi>lJy muIiciou}(, lit* wu» di»- 
iniwwd. lie was, however, subjected to mucli 
annoyance by the iMiId'ery, oinl luid his houiuf 
fre<|uyn!lv pfundercd (John Wr.un.CivUtOir 
in IlrfffunMiirr, ii. 2«-l. 4:*5). About 1660 
be obtftiuiil from Sir Edward Hnrley ibe 
vicnraKc of Lvintwnrdiue, Ilen-fordabire, but 
wrw cjerled in h^'2 on iiccouiit of his uon- 
i'onforrnity. Shortly iifier the UestoratJon 
lio wan chiirped witli complicity in some ant i- 
nionHrchiciil denigiiA nnd threatened with ill- 
ii.«n((i' by Sir Iltnrv Lingen, who, however, 
died before he could carry out bi^ thr«fll*i. 
llawes durin;f his lofll vears lived with his 
dttuj^liter, who bad married one ItillingKley ; 
(ir-'l ul \\'eobley, llerefordahir.'. ibon at 
Aber^i veil ny, and Utterly at A wrc^Glouces- 
iiTftbtre. On account of bid moderate opininnn 
he was (M'cosioniilly allowtsl to prencb m pub- 
lic without Hubscribing'. He died in Decem- 
ber It-Wjy, iu kin si.xty-fiflh year. 

[Authorities citui : I'almur's Noorooformist'd 
Memoriiil, ii. 29iJ-3.J U. G. 

HAWES, liOBKUT (1065-1731). author 
uf the ' Hiftorv- of Frumlingbani,' wils the 
eldest .son of Henn,' Ilawcsof Bnmdeslon, 
HufFolU, by Mnry, diUigbti-r and coheirewi of 
John Smith of l'y«bullx in the parish of l>en- 
itingtnn in the same ct>uuty. lie became on 
attorney ut Framliiighnm, end had an ex- 
tensive practice. Iu t~lJ he wus appointed 
i*teword of the lordfihip or manor of Kram- 
liuKbum, nnd be was also steward of Snxled 
and of other monorfl in tlio neighbourhood. 
He woa thus able to collect copious materials 
for the history of those manors. He died on 
Ufl Aug. ir.'il. and -woft buried in the church 
of Fnimlinghfun. Mp married Surah, the 
youngest daughter uf Charle*' .Sterling, esq., 
of Cbarstield. She ditxl on II Oct. 1731, 
Aged 63, 

He (>ompiled: 1. A numuscrlpt of upwards 



of seven hundred pa^, owiclr written and 
illQjtrntetl with drawings, entitled *Th« His- 
tory or Memoir^ of Frmmlingham and Loo^ 
Hundred in Suffolk, ontaining an account 
of the Litnln and Ljidy» ther«iif, with the 
most remarkjible occurrfuce* in Church and 
State wherein they wetw t-onfvmeil.' It is 
dedicated to the master and ff^Iows of Pem* 
bnike Itall, Ciimbridgef who are the loitU of 
tlie manor, and a «>py prc<«'nted to them, by 
the author is prwter\ed m the ctdlegc library; 
Other eopie.<4 are in thenianuiicrijK?. of Ilcnnr 
Jermyn and David EltshaUary in iheBritisb 
Museum. A separate copv in the Additional 
MS. 33247 eonaisu of :j'70 If. in folio. A 
portion ouir of the work haA been printed 
under the title of 'The History of Kramling- 
ham in the county of SutTolk. including brief 
notices of the Masters and Fellows of Pem- 
broke Hnl) in (^'ambridgi% from the foundation 
of tliu College to the prejient time. Begun 
by . . . l^JlM!rt llawes. . . , NVith considerable 
additions and nolcf by Robert l^jdnr.* Wood- 
bridge, 1 7it8, 4to. 2. ' Memoir* of the Manors 
and I'hurchesof Ilrande^touaud Cretingham/ 
1726, manuscript. 

(Addit. M.^. iwnsft f. 17, 19166 f. 72 : HawM 
anil lotb-r's Fraudiiighum, pp. 3o7. 396; Sicholi'a 
lUubtr. ofLii. vi. 33S-i I; Lowndes's BibL Man. 
(Bubii), p. I0I3.J T. C. 

HAWES, STEPHEN (rf. I.i23?), poet, 
was probably « native of Suffolk, in which 
county several familiesof the name of Hawes 
(variously spelled) nro met with; tu uedi- 
grees of one or two of the branches of^tUis 
iamilr, given by l>a\*v in his 'Suffolk Col- 
lectiu'n»* {lirit. Mwf'. Addit. MS. 19134 >. 
' Stephen ' appeard as a common christian 
name, The |>oet was educAti.*<l at < )a:ford, and 
afterwards travelled in Europe; lie studied 
English poetrv and literature, and the know- 
ledge flcr[uired by study nnd travel weenie to 
have pnicure*! him an entry into Henry VII'b 
household, whore he became groom of the 
chamber. In this capacity he obtained in 
151)2 (on the occasion of the funeral of 
Henry VH's queen) an allowance of four 
yards of black cloth for mourning. This is 
the earliest con tern ponirii' mention of him 
known. While groom of the chamber in 
1506, he wrote and dedicated anilogeticftlly 
to the king' The Passetyme of Pleasure.' On 
10 .Tan. r.jO*i the king's private accounts 
show a payment to llawes of 10*. ' for a bal- 
lett that he ^ve to the hinge's grace.' How 
long he retained the post of groom of thu 
chamber is not known, but his name does 
nut occur among those officers who received 
mourning on the occasion of Henry VXTa 
funeral (ltX)9). Henry VIIFs coronation 



I 



I 



I 



ttxik place in 1509, biiiI the nvenl wns com- 
rat^momtt-'il by lEawes in ' A Joyful! Medyta- 
cyrou.' 

lleury Vin'» liowseboltl ticcoiinta rfinw, 
nnder dal e of Jan. t 'y2 1 , u payment to * Mr. 
IJawse for his piny' of 0/. 13*. 4J. lie died 
before 1630, when Thomas FeyUle, in his 

* Conversation Wtwefn a Lover and ft Joy/ 
refers to liim as ' Yonj^ Sffven llawtK*, 
iirfaose Aiulf' Goil pnrdon,* hihI n.^ <ini> wlin 

* ireativl of lovo fio olnrkly qiiJ so widl.* In 
the nrebdeoconri* court orSuflblli, nnder date 
10 Jon. 15if.% is proved the will (made two 
years Ijefore) of one Stephen Ilawes, whope 
property, all in Aldlwmuph, i* left to his 
wiffl Katharint*. It i^ piwiblo thai thu tw- 
tfttor wa.* the poet. Bale Rayn tIihI. hJa whole 
lifri wart * virl litis cxemplnni.' 

Ilawfo'fi parliebt nnd most ini|Ktrtant work, 
' Tht' l^af^^tyitu! of I'lfofitire, or the History 
of IJmi'nile Amonre nnd lii Hel Pun-l, coii- 
teininj the Knowledgi^of thfSifVPn Sciences 
and tho ('onr.*C' of Miin's Life in thisWorlde/ 
waa first printed by AVynkyn <i<i Wnrde in 
loOO. A copy of this edition Is at Ham 
JIouK, Surrey, in the library of the Earl nf 
Ifywirt. Another edition hy the »nme prin- 
ter, with wmidcnt« (a copy iw at Britwell), 
is dftt>Hl 3 Drc. I5I7; J. Wnylmid prinleil 
s third in 1W4 (without wmidiuita), with 
the title altered to 'The llistorieof praunde 
Amoure and la bell Piicci. colled thti Pastime 
of plccsure, contcining the knowlo^c of the 
seven sciences and the course of man's life 
in this worlde,' This is the earliest edition in 
the Briti-'^h Museum. Hiibsei^uent editions, 
■with woodcuts, foHowpd by Kichnrd Tottell 
m L'mo, and bv John \V}iU>y in the same year 
(cf. Cenrura Ia/. i. So). The fir*t mtKlern re- 




Society in 1H4*'». Another reprint is promised 
bv Professor Arbcr. The poem ia an elaborate 
allegory in forty-aix chapters^ each con^istiog 
of a varying number of seven-line stanzas 
rhyming thus ahnbhcc. In caps. xxix. and 
xxxii. tliefpeechejaof a dwarf. tiodfreyGobil- 
Tue, art in coupletK. The whole conniets nf 
itbout fiix tlinn»»nd Itnea. Thi> hi>rn, (rrande 
Aninure, tir!*t vinitu the Tower of DtMilrine, 
whose ftev^n daughters, (Mirsonifving the seven 
•cienceiof theQuadrivium and Vrivium, give 
him inftmction. After sojourns at the Castle 
of Chivalry, Tower of Chiistitv, nnd the like, 
and encfmnter? with agiiint with three heads, 
named n-npectively Falsehood, Imagination, 
and IVriurj', (iraiide Ainounj rtiached the 
palace *\^ • I-a Bel Piicell,' marries her, is 
threatened by Old Age, Policv, and .\voricc, 
and dies attended by Contrition and Con- 



science. Towards the end of tho poem are the 
well-known lines (cap. xlii. et. 10, lines ti, 7): 

For though the day be nerer (k> long. 
At liiKi the belles riujreih to evciwuug. 

The words, although Ilnwos gove them gene- 
ral currency, may possibly enib'xly an older 
proverbial expression. A simUttr iidnge ap- 
pear* in John Ileywotid's ' Proverbes,' lo4tf 
(ed. J. Sharnmn, p. 141 1. 

In the dedication, and in cap. xir., Hflwes 
acknowleilges much indebtedness to hia 
master, I.ydgatc, ' the ohefe orvgynnl of my 
learning,' and with (Jower an^ Chancer ho 
wiisalso obviously well ncfjiiainted (cap.xiv.^ 
He imitates two trench fablliiuT in cap.xxix., 
and di.ftplayt* elsewhere ImowU-dge and ap- 
preciation of Provencal jxietry. The pas- 
sages ndating to the (jundriviiim nnd Tri- 
viuni prove that he was widtdy rent! in the 
philo.sophy and science of bis time. The pni- 
lixity of the poem mokes it, iw n whole, un- 
readable. The allegorical detail is excessive 
and often obscure ; the rhythm is nearly al- 
ways irregular, nnd often very harsh. Never- 
thelewi there are many descriptive stanzas 
which chann by their sininlicity ond cheer- 
ful view of life. From an mstorical (Kiint of 
view, Hawes marks a distinct advance on Lyd^l 
gate. The ' Pft^^etyme ' is indeed a link be-' 
tween 'TheCanterburyToles' and 'TheFaery 
Queen.' Mrs. Browning justly regarded 
Ilawt'8 ay one of the inspln-rs of Spenser, and 
claims for him true • jjoetic faculty' (ftrreA^ 
Chrigtian iV/* and EnfflUh Poet", 18ikS, 
pp. 1LJ2 Xi), HallamfoundaparolleltoIIaweft'ft 
general management of his allegory in Bun- 
yan's ' Pilgrim's Progress/ but llswes's dif-1 
fusencita hardly admits the parallel to b9i 
pressed. The resemblance between him and 
Spenser is, however, ot times undoubted. 

Mawe*'H other works are chiefly remark- 
able as bibliogrnphieul rarities. They are : 
1. 'The Conversyon of Swert^rs,' AVvnkyn 
de Worde, 1509 (Cambridge Univ. Library 
and imperfect copy at Britwell). Another 
edition of this was printed in I^ndon bv 
MVillyam Copland for UobertToye' in IBGl"; 
a copy of tt third edition, without dale (per- 
hop*i ICoOl, printed in I^ndon by John Rut^ 
ler, is in the Huth Library. :?.' A Jovfull 
Medytacvon to All Knglrtn(le*(iri(Xtl,\Vyn- 
kyn de^V'onle, 4to. n.d. /Cambridge I'liiver. 
Librory), a single i*heet with woodcut nf the 
coronation of ifonn.- VIII and Cfllherino of 
Aragon, These two last-named works wcro 
reprinted by the Ahbot*ford Club under the 
editorship of Mr. David Laing in 18*15. 3. 'A 
compendyoiLs storv . . . culled the Kxempltr 
of \ertu in the wliiche yc shall tinde many 
goodly l!Jtorys and natural] liysputaoyoQu 



i 



Hawes 



190 



Hawes 



bytween four ladyes nanic>d HB.rdyiiai, 8ar- 
wenoe, Fortune, uid Nflturo, compyled by 
Steplii-n TIftw>!s, one of the trromea of the 
most hnnmirabU' chnmbre of oiire sovernyne 
lonlt^ Kvngc Ilonry VU,' printed alKnit I'Aii, 
njjpnnm'tlyby Wyiityn tU \Vordf(cf. im()er- 
fect co])V in the P^pyftian Librnry at Mttpda- 
lene Collvj^, Cambridiio). Another edition 
by Wynkyn dft Word.!, dated 2U April l-^i.HO, 
18 at Britwell (tuiolIioroo])v belonKi?rt fo Cor- 
•cr). 4. ' 'fho Comfort ol Lovers * (Wynkyn 
<Ie Wordt- 1, n. d. : a copy is at Hain Housf . 
•The Ttmplc of Olossw,' a work in imitation 
<if Chaucer's 'Temple of Fame,' which has 
been ascribed to Hawes, is, as nawL-s him- 
«elf says in his ' PnMeiyme ' (civ^i. xlv.), by 
LydfTBte. Of this rare work editions were 
prijiU'd rcfpentively by Coxton about 1479 
(CQmbridjreUnivor^ityLibrary); by Itirhard 
Pvnpon iil«)iit I5<10 (Bodleian Li bniry); by 
^'■ynkvn dp Worde (a copy l>el(Jii|^ to the 
Dukeof ]>evonshire); l»ndbvKe^th^•U•t(Bl>d- 
^einn Library). Tbo last edition is dcscriUxl 
n» in many pluces ' amended,' and was possibly 
edilo<l bv Hawes. Bale and Uii. successors 
rIko attributed to lUwe« works entitled *Th« 
PeliKbt of the Soul,' ' Of the IVinoe'a Mar- 
riaffi-; and 'The Alphabet of Birds.' But 
nothini? further aeema known of them. 

[Nottii from doeomente at the Public Rwird 
Offiee nii'l cUcwhtro. snppliwl by Mr. W. J. 
Ifrtrdy; PrefitCG to tlir reprint of thr Ctmver-ynu 
of S«fr«r», &c., by the AbboLsford Club, odrted 
liy D^\■'^A IninK; Mi". J. Churton C">Uin« in 
Wnrd'a EnRliiih Poets, i. 175 mj.; EUisV I'^rly 
Knplifth Poets. I. id'i w). ; Curser's CoUoctftnca ; 
Wurton's Bint, of Kc^lish Popiry, eil. Baclitt, 
1871 ; Wood's Aili*T:»Oxon,«d.Bli«s, i.9;BjiWij 
Script. Bryt. C«nr. 1567, p. 032 ; Southoya Eng- 
lish Poetd (1831). pp. 70 s(^. : Hallanra Lit. Bi»t. 
1.317-18; W, C. BrtzUti'dBibliu^riiphioiilHind- 
b.wjkand Ojllacliuns; CoHif-r'^ BiUiogr. C/it. i. 
366 sq.; HcbcrB Cat. of IJarly Englisb Poetry, 
ed. Collifr.] 

HAWES, T^^LLIAM, M.B. (ITSfJ- 
1808), founder of the Boyal Humane So- 
ciety, waa born at lalinfrton, L^^iidon, on 
28 Nnr. IT^ifi. and wo* educatef^ at fir-it 
by John Shield, and aftenrards at St. Poiil'd 
Sclifwil. After pawing- some time with Mr. 
Cnninn, a medical practitioner, of Vaux- 
bnll, he became asaihtimt to a Mr. I ticks in 
the Strand, and evenlually ftiicct.'ede<l him in 
liirt practice. vVbout 177."t he bwnme well 
linnwn in consequence of tlin en*»rj;y with 
which he roiiintftim-d the possihilify of r*'- 
siiscitating persons appan^ntly dead fmm 
druwninff or other ottUWB of ni<phyxiii. Pur- 
ine a whole year he gavo out of liis own 
pocket a rewiird to any nne who broug-ht to 
iiixD or to some of hia supporters ibc body of a 



personwlio had iMcn taken out of tbe Thames 
insensible, within a n^aaonable time after im- 
mersion. The reward was paid whether the at- 
tempt to reisuscitate proved sncoeasful or not. 
Ur. Thoma« Cofjan (1730-1818) [q-T.], wb» 
translated in 1773 an account of an Am&ttir- 
dam society for the reauscit^tion of the apjia- 
rent 1y drowned, objected to hie bearing »1 1 1 h» 
expense of the reward*, and it wa.<i arranjred 
in 1774 that he and Cogan should each bring 
fifteen frientbt to this Chapter coH'ee-house t*> 
consider further oiierations. This was done, 
and at the meetiuj; the Humane Society wa^ 
formed. Hawea became its recistmr. He 
was also physician tothe London J)isp(.'n«arTr. 
From 1791 he lived in Spital Square, and In 
178ii made great effort.i to alleviate thy dit*- 
treM which then prevailed among the Spilal- 
fields weav.rrs. lie died 5 Dec. It^OH. 

lie wrote the following works: 1. * An 
Account of Br. (loldsmith's tUness,* 1774. 
*2. * An Examination of the Rev. John Wea- 
!py> Primitive Physic,' 1776; 3rd ed. 178a 
3. * An Addrwson Premature Heat hand Pre- 
auturc Interment,' 1777. 4. ' An Addnuui 
to the Public on the llangerouo Custom of 
laying out persona as aoon aa He«piration 
ceases, with a Reply by W. Renwick, and 
OlMM.Tvntioiia on that Ueply,' 1776. 5. * An 
Address to the I rfgislat ur« on the importanco 
of a Humane Society,' 1781. 6. *Aa Ad- 
dress la the King and I'arlinmcnt of Great 
Britain on the important subject of preserv- 
ing the Livifs of its Inbabitanta,' 178:J, Srd 
wl., to which are now added Observations on 
the GenemUlillsofMorlalitv; 1783. 7. *The 
Transactions of the Bnyal Humane Society 
from 1774 to 17&Lwith an.Vppendix of Mi»- 
ceUaneous Observations on Suspended Ani- 
mation to the year 17U4.' 

[Uont. Hag. ISOSUxvtii. 1121-4.1811 Ixxxi. 
pi. i. p. 305; Euronean Mhr. 1802. pp. 427-31 ; 
Nichols's Lit.Anecd. vi. 627; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; 
Brit. Mqs. Cat.of PritUwl Booki.] K.C-h. 

HAWES. Wl LLT A ^I ( 1 785-1 846), singer 
and composer, bom in Ltuidon in 17So, was a 
chorister of the Chapel Hoyal from 17vt3 to 
1801 , and a ppnlli'raan*)f the same chajwl fr^>m 
1805. In the interval he plnyd the violin 
at CovenI Hanlen Threat r*-, and in 1803 acted 
aa deputy lay vicar of WestrainstLT. He sang 
at(iloncestershortlyaftertbefo«tix-Blof 181 1. 
He wan one of the original afisociatf-s of the 
Philharmonic Society on its foundation in 
l8l-3, and in 1814 became almoner, vicar- 
chornl, and mosterof t hechildren at St. Paul's. 
On the death of Saiiiu*;! Webbe in 1816, ha 
competed nnsuccessftdly for the prize offered 
for the best setting of a mcmDrial ode by W. 
Linley. On 1 July 1817 he was appointed 
master of the children uid luteniat of tbo 



I 



Hawes 



191 



Hawford 



rChspel Royal, and in the ennie vt*rir 1>*K*-ftme 
lay vicnr of We>.tnuii3ter, n post whirli he 
retained until iHl'O. In 181M be edited in 
score the prt-at collection of Kng^livh mndri- 
fraU, called ' Thy Triumplis of l>riana,' first 
published in 1001, jirelixing an intrcidnction 
of somt' atiti(|iiariau valut-, t^»(rft her with bio- 
graphioil notic^aof the compostTs. Hisesli- 
mateof the merit ofthe music was very hiffh, 
and was cou.sitlerahly more Jiiiot than (hat of 
Bumey orof thn mujorily of musicianH at llie 
datenf rupuhlieatton {wu Quartfr/i/ Miuticat 
Jierinp, 1 .h1 H. p. TiOO ). lie became connected 
-with the Royal Harmonic Institution in the 
Argyll Ilooms, Hcgent Street, n kind of pub- 
lishiiigeomptinT which ultimarely faile-d, and 
IlawM and one Welsh were left as the only 
representatives of the original prDinoters of 
the Bcheme. Hawes freed himself from the 
coneem l>y the coni)ni<^i'iun of an act of bank- 
ruptcy, and afterwards set up as a publisher 
on hia own account in the Strand. In 1H22 
lie tried to establish exclusive rights in one 
of twelve Scotch songit which ho had editetl 
and published; but theauit he brought a^aiuat 
the proprietors of the * Oazette of Fashion' 
with thift object was dismiwe<l by the lord 
chancelhir. IJurinicf Arnold's roan age iiient of 
the Kngli(«h Opera House nt the I^yceum 
Theatre, Hawes, who was Arnold's iuliinate 
friend, gave him much assistance. It is eaid 
that the production of 'Her Vreischtitz' in 
July 1^24 was mainlT due to Hawes. Ho 
certainly wroto several aongs which were, ac- 
cording to the barbarous fashion of the day, 
interpolated in Weber's score. It has been 
fit-atea (Ubovb, Dictmwry) that he was 
xnoflical director for several years ; but neither 
the contemiKjrBrv accounts of the perform- 
BXtcea nor the a<)verti:iement5 mention him 
except a« odnpting foreign workf to the Eng- 
lish stage. The operas arranged by him were 
Salieri's ' Tarare,' 1825; Weber's ' Natur 
undLiebe.' 18^*5; Winter's ' Unterbrochene 
Opfcrfest,' 182<1; Pacr's *FtiOTUsciti,' 1^27; 
MoearlB ' Coai fun Tutle/ 1828 ; Hies's ' Itau- 
lierbraut' and Marschner's * Vampyr,' iStiO. 
In IhJ.j be directed » series of Lenten ora- 
torios at Covent Marden, and in IKJO en- 
vd in similaf underrakinpt at Imth the 
ent. theatres. In 1H2K he inanngt^l a 
tival at Brighton, 29-31 Oct . I ie was for 
many years conductor of the Madrigal !So- 
rietv, and organist of the Lutheran church 
in tlie Savoy. Hawen died at his house in 
AdelpliiTerraeeon lSFeb.lJ=l40. Illsdaugh- 
ter, Maria Billtngtun llawe-s attained dis- 
tinction as a 8iD((tr. B«»ide^ his enngs tntro- 
ilnced into play^ his works compri'*; ' A Col- 
lection of 1-ivf (ih>e6 and one Madrigal/* Sir 
Glees,' a monody on the death of I'rioceae 



rhurlotte.Ifil7,«nd a recjuiem for four voices. 
His glei^, 'The Bee, the Eolden Paiighter of 
the Spring,* gained the prize at ihe (ilee Club 
in \^\Q. lie edited a collection of madri- 
gals of the fifteenth and sixtet^nth centuries, 
the glees of SpoHbrth, and Chants, &c., in 
^'veu numbers or parts. 

[Qnive's Diet. i. 82. 698, iv. 387; Qiuiilcrly 
Mu«. Hot. tv. 102. vii. 19,5. n. 169; H. Phillip«s 
Musical and Pcrsoniil l{ceollcctiQns{lfl6l), i.8l ; 
Ly»>ng's Ongin and Progrciis of the Mcoriug of 
tbV Three Choirs (1865), p. 93 ; Aihcnteitm, No. 
056, p. 20&.] J. A- V. M. 

H AWTOBD, ED WARD, D.D. (>/. 1582), 
master of Christ's College, Cambridgi*, per- 
haps bom atClipslone iuNorthoniptnnsliire, 
was son of Thomas Hawford and his wif« 
Margaret Wade. He was a student of Jesus 
College, (.'ambridge, graduated B.A. in ir>4't, 
waa elected fellow of Christ's College, and 
commenced M.A. in l'»4i». He was pn^ctor 
in 1552. On 12, June l.'io4 he was instituted 
rector of two-thirds of the rectory of L'lip- 
ston, and subscribed the Roman catholic ar- 
ticles in 1555. He wa* elected master of 
Christ's College in ir)59,and on 14 Feb. Io(U 
was collated to a prebend in Chester Cathe- 
dral, beingalsn, it 18 believed, reetorofGlems- 
f(trd in Suffolk (Coopkb). In 16th} ho waa 
made vice-chancellor of the university, and, 
havingtaken the degree of D.D. in 15o4, wa» 
still in oifice when d^uccn Eliralw-'th visited 
Cfinihridge onft Aug. Hawford did hisshure 
in receiving her, and took part in the divinity 
act held in her presence. The dean and 
chapter of Norwich seat him UK>/. in I5fiy 
as an acknowledgment of the help which ho 
had given them in the mailer of I heir charter, 
and he bestowed the money on his college. 
He al:40 made an addition to the college 
garden. He was one of the heads chiefly 
responsible for the new university staliitea 
drawn up in 1570. The statutes were dis- 
pleasing to the puritan party at Cambridge, 
and Uawfonl and his eolleagin-s were de- 
scribed as 'either enemies to the gospel or 
faint professors,' Hawford being specially oc- 
cuaed of having shown great unwillingness 
tn caAt out ]M'>piHh Iwioks and vestments from 
his colliige, and of having finally convoved 
nil the best and richest awav secretly {IJfe 
ufArchhinhop Parker, iii. 221 -2). On 1 1 l>ec. 
lie was oue of the nsH'saors of the vice-chan- 
cellor in t he proceedings against Thomas Cart- 
wright ( l.Vto-ltKW tUi. v.l He waa appointed 
one of the visitors of St. John's College, and 
helpeil to revise the statutes in lo75-ti. Tbo 
majority of the ft-llows of Christ's College 
were discontented at his ejection of the puri- 
tan Hugh Broughton [q. v.] from his fellow- 



Hawke 



t9* 



Hawke 



• •hip in 1^7' ''•tn ttie ehamyllor tad ' 

\,to Sir \^''t -iv a^'ast ht« actinn. ' 

ttwtotd nfiuetl ut pire war, but hiit ilnri- ' 
liftoawMimvMed in ITiHl. H>!filuMlnn I-(Fi*b. 
llA83^ M is tiaeed oo th<* bnuHplaciHt to hU 
laiemoryiiidwraQetechapfL He liift inoaev i 
to tba ooAIe0» bj hii viil (Coonw)* 

rOrMDOT'a Athnw Goitaifar. I, 44A. aantnins ■ 

^__ii .. ...f ti._*.-._i ('._, '. % i_ „f 



32'i, Ufe of Wattgift III. It), Lite of OnodAl 
p. 297. A<m ediL ; GriDtUl's Itcnutiu. p. iS9 
(PftrVef Hoc.); Wbitpft* Worki. iii. flW ; Ls 
H«Ye« Fasti, iii. 26y. dO«. fiI8. And. nU lUrdj: 
KicUoU'-i Prof^renmi of Klix. Iii. IOA-3. l&i; 
3tri'1(f«Ji'4 lliit. of VonhampOiQihiftt. ii. 20; 
Itlom<ifieUl'» Uut. of Xur&ilk. i v. M9 ; Wlilin nod 
CUrk'i Architect. Ui«t. of CuBbrldge, ii. 101.1 

w.u. 

HAWKE, EDWAnn. Lord Hawkb 
(ITO-Vir^l I, •"Imirml «f the tl«rt, horn in 
JjOTi'lon in 1705, wa» only *on of Eciw»nl 
HAwk*-, Imrriftter, of Lincoln'* Inn. Ilia 
fiitli-'r'fl fnmily wn* iw'tileJ for mnnv frernra- 
tions at Tft-rivt'n in Cornwall. ](i.<i rootlier 
VM KItzabplli, ilnagUtfTfi ^inthan't A 'Ridden 
of M''ni*wrtrth in Y'lrlwhirt', )rran'l-<l»ught(-r 
of Sir William Fairfnx of Steelon U\. y.i, and 
•iitifr of Colonel Martin Bladen fq. v. In 
171^ Ititi father rlied, and I [awke, left t Np ward 
of hie uncle, Martin niadt'n.i'nlerwl the na^'Y 
on 20 Feb. 1718-20 ax a vr.lnnteer nn board 
tb<*Sfab'»pw,rH>njman(ledbyCantain Tlioma« 
]>nrrll,and wrred in herontheSorthAmeri- 
c/inand \V'e«t Indian stationtill 17:!S,wKen, 
on her cntninff home, be paAseU hix cxamina- 
lion on "2 June. The same day be entered, 
with the rating of able Heaman, nn board the 
Kinaale, with Captain Richard Girlington, ' 
and *t5rve<I in her on the wtail. roaxl of Africa ' 
and in the Went Indifx, including a month 
wilU the fiqtifldnm off Porto Bello under Ho- 
sier, tillfihe paid off at Woolwich on 11 July 
17"i". He may have afterwords been in the 
fleW off Cadiz and nt Oibraltnr, 1727-8 (cf. 
HrRRows, n. 11.1), hut this cannot be verified. 
On 1 1 April 1729 he wB«promoti»dtnhethird 
lieutenant of the Portland, commanded by 
Captiiin Itowzier. in the Channel, i h\ 25 Nov. 
hi* woA iiiovtKl into the Ij'npnnl with Captain 
(nfterwards Sir IVter) Warren ; and on lier 
payiiin off a month Inter (22 Dec.) ht» waa 
plociMl on hnlf-piiy, till, on 19 May 17S1, he 
waa appointed fourth lieutennnt (iiihe Edin- 
\inTf[\i with Sir Clinlnner t)Rle [q. v.], one of 
tlielleet «eut In the Me<literrBiieHii under Sir 
(*harleA Wnfier [q. v.] (*n her eorninfr lioinu 
he wan dil«eiln^^f^'d, 2/ Dee., and after a fort- 
niirhl on hiilf-pnv wa* appoiuted (\^ Jan. 
1781-2) to tho Scarborough with hid old 



esptain, DvfelL mad again ^ Nifih i 

American station, (a 10 > _ >«|; i 

then at Batfflit, ha wms liiflchirg^l to tW 
Flambomngfa for a pammt^ to Um Kiagftoa, 
carrying^ clw faroad panaant of Sb- Oi^oofr 
fyleascaBiitanda<-tB-«hitff at Jaataara. Oa 
'H Dec. he joiiMci the Ksgiton aa ftnt IwO' 
tenant; on ISApcil 1733 be w ma i h om<iii 1 
by (>gte to be com ma ndg r ni the wetf thaf, 
ondooajn, nn 20Man:h 173^-1, to be ca^Uot 
of the Flamix>roa^. In her ht! cootnsed 
tilt r» S*q>t. 1735. wh»Ti. on her arriTal ia 
England, »bft was paid off, an>! Hi-^n- ptaced 
on half-pav. The aernoe du "*>. 

not only m thp I^lanbaro< _ i i the 

Wolf, the Scarbomuph, and »iill ^rij-lier ia 
the Seahorse, seemjj tn hare bet-n uneventful, 
the tun* beintt* mostly spent in moootoniio* 
cruises or uninten^inff p&saafz^s, raried only 
by occasiooallr careening or refittinj^. No 
trnining^ couhl have b<*tfn more eeren^ or 
better calculated to turn out a ihorofigk 
aeAraan. 

For nearly fourjearp Hawke continued on 
half-pay, and during thts time, probablr in 
tho (*our»e of 1737, he marri»'d Catherine, 
daughter and wle heir**' of Wiilt*T Brodior 
Burton Hall in Yortwhirc, inherit iuff 
throujth her mother, the properties of Si;art 
ingwell.Towton, and Saxton. The Brool:^ 
were alrffady connected with the Bladena. 
and the marriage, though it proved one of 
affection, woAprobably BUfrgvated by Colonel 
Rlad>:ni ; for JIawke wait at this time thirty- 
two.and tho bride but seventt^n. Two daufib-^ 
ters, bom in the early years of their murrifdli: 
died in infancy, and wen? buried at Ilarkl 
in E*»ei on 13 Sept. \7^ and 3 .\pril 1 
On the first threateninfrR of the war 
Spain, Hawke commiftjiioned the Portia; 
t^JO July 1739 J for service in the West Indi. 
She sailed early in October, and for neai 
four yt-ars wag employed in the tedious du' 
of watching over njirbsdiie*«and the adjace: 
ihUnds, pmtectintr the trade anil convoyi 
it to the cnaiiit of North America, with oci 
Kional visits to Boston in the hurricane 
It wiLs a time of war ; but no S; 




wita 



ships came in her way, and tho French 
tempt to sujiport Spanish intereati rcmlt< 
in coAtly failure. The Portland was ol^ 
rotten, and barely seaworthy. Tn a n]« 
windoutftidc Boetonon 15 Nov, 1741 she 
her masts, and the «ihip hen>clf was in 
great danger. She managed, however, to 
to liarliadoes, where Hawke reported that' 
lukint; out the slumps of the old luast-^t thi 
wer»' found to be »o rotten that ihey onimbl 
to powder, and that a stick wa.s driven a fu| 
vnm into the foremast. In the course of 1 7 
Mrs. Hawke joined her htuband at 



Hawke 



»93 



Hawke 



does, Rnd returned to Enaland with him in 
the Inllowing JiLnuiiry- The Portland was 
paid ufi'on 17 March, and w(M soon oftenvordB 
brvikcn up. 

In June 1743 Hawke was npiuinted to 

thtt Bfrwick, a nt*w ship of 70 pun)*. Tht; 

wnr with Spain, the immineiict; of war with 

Kranct', and ihe largt flfet* already on fnol 

in th«> Wmi Indies, the Mtditeiraneau, and 

the Channel, rendered seamen scarce, and 

iacrcascd the difiicuUT of manning a newly 

ooaunianoned sliip. tt was more than two 

monthtf before the Berwick was able to drop 

down the river, hd<I then with a crewlarffely 

c«imp«i8e4l, a^ Hawke wrote to the admiralty 

on :i3 Aug., of 'very little, weakly, puny 

fellow^^lhat have never been at sea, and can 

be of little or no service.* The vasga^ out 

to the Mediterranean lrie<l sucti a chip's 

company severely. On 27 Oct., shortly afler 

leaving Gibraltar, Uawke rt-ported that I'JS 

of hi« working^ men wore eick with fever or 

scurfy, and falling down by tens and twenties 

every day. ' A great number of them,' he 

wrule, ' ore lately come from the East Indies, 

and others are raw men picked up by the 

pn'i^-gnngR in I^ondnn,' Towards the middle 

of NoTt'mber the fU'rwiek arrived at I'ort 

[Afahoii almoHt disabled; but a few wt't-kn' 

jean; and rest did wonders, and shu finally 

■joined the fleet in the roadntc'ad uf nyerea 

f on 11 Jan. 174,'5— I. It was the first time 

that Iliiwkehad »een n fleet since he had been 

with Ogle in the Edinburgh; nor, though 

the war had been going on for upwanU of 

foar years, had he yet seen a hhot Hrcil 

kin anger. <^n H Feb-, when the allied Meet 

Iput to sea from T<>uIon, tlie English flent 

»l«o getting under way to fallow them, the 

[jWrwick was in the squadron under thecom- 

Inand of it4».r-admiral Tiowley, which led 

Ion the port tack, formed the van of the 

rfleet in (be action of the 11th Tsee Lestoik. 

RiciiARt>: M4TUEW9,Thoma8; llowtizr.SiH 

Wiu-Iam], and in an intermittent mauuer, 

though in fairly good onler, encaged the 

frencU division of the allies, with which 

I TTere two or three of the leading Spanish 

Iflhips. The othora astern were much t<cat- 

fter^i but the English centre, opposed to 

[tbem, was also in didorder. and there waf no 

Vdireetiag bead. The Berwick beat her im- 

I ziietlinte ontagonist , the S|>aniBh Neptuno, out 

I of the line, and was left without an opponent. 

[ Astrm the Poder, by herself, was keeping nt 

I bay u numbf>r of the Knglif^h ships, which 

I* were a-barking ' at her (Narrative of the 

[jVorpprfinp* of Hin .V*yM^v*« Ft^t in tht 

I Mediterntnmn. by a Sea-< Ul'icer, 1 744, p. fiO), 

|f»<ebly eodeavoiiring to oVjey Mathews's con- 

j tradictory signals. Ilawke, on Lis own re- 

VOL. HV, 



spnnwbility, wore out of the line, ran down 
to the Poder, and engaged her within pistol- 
shot. His Hrst broadside is said to have 
killed twenty-seven men, and to have dis- 
mounted Beveral of her lowtT-deckguns. In 
twenty minutifs she wa.«i di)imaAte<T; after a 
brave but unavailing defence she Ktrnek her 
colours, and was taken possession of by a party 
from the Berwick under Mr. Lloyd, her first 
lieutenant. They were scarcely well on board 
her when it was seen that the French bad 
tacked and were standing towttrds them ; the 
English fleet had alM> tacked, and was re! iriiig 
to the northward. The Berwick and her prize 
were left alone, and Hawke. hailing IJoyd 
to return to his ship, was*, without waiting 
for him to do f>o, obliginl tn make sail af^er 
the fleet. Lloyd, after an extraordinary and 
adventumuK cruise in a boat full of SfuiniRh 
prisonerB, succeedetl in getting on board the 
Koyal (-tak, while the Poder, with the prixe 
crew on board, was retaken by the French, 
The next morning Lloyd rejoined liis ship, 
and in the afternoon was sent, to give Howley 
anaccouut of bis proceeding)^, and to tiequaint 
him that seventeen men bad been left on hoanl 
the Poder. Kowlev prfmiised to 'endeavour 
to save the prize and give Captain Ilawkc the 
honour of carrying her to M inurca,* and apoke 
in high terms of TIawke'a conduct. He di- 
rected the Berwick and Diamond to go down 
tn the Poder, then some distance osteni of 
the allied fleet, in company with a French 
ship, which, on the approach of tho English, 
left licr to her fate. Tne Essex, however, by 
Mathew/s order, had anticipated Rowley's 
Hhip5, and net tlie Poder on fire, iniicli to 
HawkfVannovance. He wrote to Mathewa 
complaining tbat another ehould have bettn 
ordered to bum the prixe whirh ho took, and 
asking him to onier 1 'nptain Norris and his 
oflicers to rest ort' the colours and things which 
they had tukrn out of her. Norris, however, 
kept the trophies; and a few months later fled 
into Spain to escape a probable sentence of 
death for cowardice. 

For the next eighteen months Hawke con- 
tinued attached tn the Mediterranean fleet, 
though oAen on detached command at (li- 
braliar, ofl" Tadii, or on the coast of Qonoa. 
The iH^rvice is now chiefly noticeable becanae ' 
the severe drill accuittomed him to the rou- 
tine of Bquadrons. On 3 Aug. 1745 he was 
moved by Rowley, then commander-in-chief, 
into theS ept une, wit h orders* to return to Eng- 
land in charge of the home wanl t rade. He ar- 
rive<l in the iM>und on I'O Sept., and for the 
next year was on shore, amiarently not in very 
good health. In June 1746 he waa summoned 
aa a witness on the trials of Lestocb and 
Mathews, but did not attend. On 30 March 

u 



Hawke 



m 



Hawl 



1747 bo was apiMinted to the M&rs, but before 
she was ready for Eea be wafi advanced to flag 
rank ou 15 July. The very l«rg»> pronuilion 
thon made was specially extended inonlt-r to 
include Boscaweii [5eo Axson,(teoroe, Louu 
Aasosl, and for this pumitit' t*evt'ral most re- 
spectable oflifiers were retiH'd. llawke'sname 
■waa sTill little kticnTi tothoincrompetent ad- 
nimiRtratiou then at the admiraltr, and after 
ilie defltli of his uncle Bladen, in 1^16, he had 
no political interest. It waa determined to 
poM him over. The king, however, who bad 
taken a elronfl interest in the diecussions con- 
cerning the battle of Toulon, is said to have 
declared that * be would not have Kawki* 
" yellowed ; " ' be waa aw^ordlngly promoted 
to be rear-admiral of the white. A week 
later be boisted bis flag on board the Glou- 
, outer, and on 3 Aug. was appointed second 
in command of the fleet in the Channel under 
Vice-admiral Sir Peter Warren. 

Warren wa^ in inditferent health, and pro- 
posed that the 84[uadron bhould go out under 
the command of Ilawke, hojiin^' that by the 
time it retume<l bis hcallli would he re- 
established. Anson full verv uneasy ahtJut 
sending the fleet to sea ' under so youn^j an 
ofticer, and with grf*at reluctance yielded to 
the proposal. During the next fortnight 
Warrens heaUh got worse, end on 6 Sept. 
he was obliged tu resign the command. <Jn 
the 8th ordon* were aent to Hawke to take 
the inde{>endent command and cruise be- 
tween llshaut and Caj* Finisterre. These 
orders he rlid not receive for nearly a mouth ; 
but bis original instructions had taught him 
that the first object of his cruise wa« to inttT- 
eept a French convoy expected to aail from 
Rochelle. Spanish caleons too were spoken of 
as liknly to he on the way to Cadiz* and the 
temptation to send part of bis force lo look 
for ihem must Iiave been greftt. Ho decided, 
however, that treoaure-huntiug might wait, 
that to cnuh the enemy In arm>^ was his first 
duty, and he kept bis ships together. On ' 
12 Oct. he was broad ofl* Uochetle, nearly j 
midway between Uahant and Finisterre, in 
a • situation/ he wrote, * very well calculated i 
for intercepting both the outward and home- 
ward bound trade of the enemy.' Two days ; 
later bis cSbrtfi were rewarded by his outlv- | 
ing vessels signalling the Fnmeh fleet in 
Kight. He had then with him fourteen ships 
of the lin*', mostly of 60 guns, but two were 
of 70 and two of only fiO. His own tiagsbip, 
the Devonshire, was of 66 guns, though theiie 
were heavier than usiml. bhe had been built 
I an i^)-gun ship, but had proved so crank 
that she had been cut down 1o n two-decker. 
The euemy when aigbted was reported to ' 
have IweWe large shipa; three of tliem were, J 



however, merchantmen ; there were re«ll| 
only nine ships of war. Of these one was of 
no guns, and anothf^r of tiO; the rest 
Ifirg'^r, including three of 74 guns and oaei 
80. The difl'erence of force was thuB nothmg ^ 
like what ia shown bv the mere numlwrs of 
the ships ; still the f'reuch admiral, &1. de 
r£tenduere, conceived that the odds againrt 
him were too great, and Uawke, seeing thot 
be was int^'Dt only on favouring the escape 
of the convoy, 'made the signal for thewholti 
squadron to chase.' The result was decisive; 
as the English ships came up with the rear 
of the enemy they engaged ; and so, succe*- 
i^ively cn-eping on towards the van, took tins 
whole line exoi^pt the two leading aliips, the 
one of 80 and the other of 74 guufi, which, 
owing chieflv, it wai thoug:hc. to a blunder 
of Captain jt^ox of the Kent, made good 
their escape. The Content, the 60-gun ship, 
was with the convoy, which also got away, 
though Hawke, by promptly sending out the 
news to the West Indies, insured the cap- 
ture of the greater part of it. The action, 
by far the most imiK)rlnnt and most brilliant 
or the war, liad ine misfortune of coming 
after Anson's of 3 May; and the acknow- 
ledgments of the admiralty, of which An^^n 
was a member, were almost tmgracious. For 
a victory over an enemy of barely one-third 
of hi-i strength Anson had been made a peer. 
Huwke, for a vict<try na divisive over a nearly 
i*f]ual force, was merelv made a knighl of the 
Hath, the reward which had been given to Sir 
IVter Worren, Anson's second in command. 
On the return of the fleol with the priiea 
to Portsmouth, Warren resumed the con»- 
mond, and during the rest of the war TTawke 
continued with him, for the most part cruis- 
ing in the Bay of Biscay. On 12 May 174S 
he waa advanced to be vic^-admiraL of the 
blue. Hh had alreadv, in Dwember 1747, 
been elected member of parliament for Ports- 
month by the interest of llie Duke of Bedford, 
then iirstlord of the admiralty. Furnearly 
thirty years Hawke continued to represent 
Portsmouth, but ho rarely spoke in the house. 
ITiere is not even any record of bis having 
taken part in the debates of 174B on the new 
arficlc* of war and the reform of naval disci- 
pline. On 26 July 1748 he succeeded Warren 
in command of the home tleet, a charge which 
he held continuously during the next four 
years, for the mn-it part at Portsmouth, but 
during !7rjO in the Thames and Medway. 
Of this service the notices are scanty. Pro- 
bably Hawke's chief work was in a>isisting 
or in advising Anson in the important changes 
which be introduced. As commander-in- 
chief at Portsmouth he was president of the 
remarkable courta-martiol on Rcar-admind. J 




195 



I to 1 






Knowlus and bis captain? in Dt^eniliPr and 
Kubrnary 1 74O-0O l^see H^^LME*, Charlks, «nd 
KjroWLC*.SlltCHARI.E.*jtnndort(int on \'ict>- 
iwJmirnl GrilKn in IVi-embcr 1750 w^e GttlF- 
ns, Thomas]. In November 17-i2 he !-triipk 
Ilia flag, but in Febraarj- 1755 vus ajfain 
ordered to hoist it on board tbo St. Geoi^ 
at I'ortsmoulb. On 10 July be was appointed 
to tbn command of tile western fqnadrou,vrilb 
urd'^r* fnim tbe lords justices CiJ July) to po 
to f«t?a with sixteen .«Ail of tbe line, and crniiM^ 
between t'shant anil Cap*' Kinihierre in order 
to intercept a Fn-ncli snuadron whicli, und'T 
the command of M. l>u-(luay, bad bet-u cruis- 
ing in the neiffbbotirboml of Cnbrullar oud bad 
put into Cadut. He was instTwctcd in precise 
words ' not to go to tbe southward 01 f'apc 
Kinii-t^rTe' unlciW positive intollipenct- abonid 
show it to be neci^flsun-: and ac*?ordiiiply, 
hile Ilflwktj was cruisiui^ in the Bay of 
iw^ay, Dii-tiuav, by making' a long stretch 
to the westward, Bucceeded in ffelting safely 
into Bre-^t. On -9S4*pt. Hawke returned to 
Spithead. It waji f|iiite time, fur tbt* weather 
had been bml, nnd t he whips' companieM were 
very rickly. During the winter he was em- 
plovedaacommandcr-in-cliiefut Portsmouth, 
nnti in tbe spring' was again in the Buv of 
Bif»cay, keeping watch on tbt* enemy's ^hip3 
Ilociiefort. Ho returned to Spitbeud on 
May 17">a. 

Earlv in June, on the news of Byn^ hav- 
ing withdrawn to GibraUar[wL'BYNo,. Ions], 
Hftwke was femt out to take the command in 
iC Mediterranean, and with bim Saunders 
replace Ut^ar-admiral AVe.'it. and Ijonl 
rawley to sui>ers*;de General Kowke as 
femor of Gibraltar. The Antelope, with 
"9 ' carcro of courage,* as it wnfi cnlled, 
■ived at (iibriiltar on 4 Jiilv. Bynp,We:*t, 
,d all the coramis.«ioned ol^cera of the Ku- 
ies and Bucking-ham, were ordered on 
ird the Antelope for a pa»aage to tlng- 
d. and Hawke hoisted his flag on board 
' RamiUiei*. (.>n 10 July he put to aea 
th ia^trucl ions to do everything poRNibte 
■ tbe relief of Minorca, but if he found the 
i^my already in possession of it, then 'to 
rleavour bv all means to destroy the French 
i*t iu the Mediterranean.' to prevent tJietr 
.ding troop* or supplies on the island, and 
inoy and distress them there as much 
itbfe.* It was too Iatt«. OnlfiJiilyhe 
!«in intelligence that Fort St- Philip 
nderiMljthat the French were in full 
a of the ii^lnnd, nnd that the Hi-et bad 
.nni«d toTnulon. His h()[>e that it might 
tin put to Hfta was not rea1iM><I, nnd hi^ 
rk waA limited to re-eatablif^hing the pn>fl- 
of the English flag and putting a check 
oa tiw insnlU of such potty states as Tuscany 



&il1i< 



and Mall a ( BrRROws. pp. 272—1 ; Lit^OHrost, 
StudirA in Xat'nl Ui*t'-ry. p. 290\ 

On tbe approach of winter the greater part 
of the fleet was recalled fn»in thi* Moditrr- 
ranean, a small f..rce only remaining under 
Saunder*. Hawke arrtTe<l in F.ngland on 
14 Jan. 1757. On 24 FeK he wa* pnnuoli'd 
to be admiral of the blue. His health was 
much sliaken. both by the worry of hii* ctim- 
mand and also by the lo*s of his wife, to 
whom be ap[»ean( to have lieen *incerely at- 
1ache<),nDd who had ilied during his absence 
on :JS Oct. \7h^^. Ctintem^Kirury gxisjtip said 
that a coolness opnroaching to a nuarrel 
sprang un between liim nnd Pitt. Hawke, 
it was fuud, publielv contradictiMl I^itt's stat^ 
inents in favour of Byng, and ri'fused to ac- 
cept Pitt's disapproval of some incidenta of 
Ilia late command (BrBROwa, pp. 271, 376). 
The details are untrustworthy, but the rela- 
tions bet ween the two men seem toliave been 
fur fnim conlial. When the new government 
was formed in Juno, with Pitt as its Wrtual 
head. An.wn was reappointed fir»t lor<l of tbe 
admiralty, but was unabU', notwithstanding 
liis wish, to give Hawke a seat at the hoard 
(i(^. p. 277). In August, however, when Pitt 
was devisinc the expedition apiinst KikIic- 
fort, it wft> Hawke who was selucted for tbe 
command. The credit of the appoint mcnl baa 
been generally attributed to Pitt. It would 
seem to be more probably due to Anson. 

Pitt had leame-d that on the land side 
Rttebefort was practically undefended, and 
that tbe arsenal and dockyan) might bo de> 
stToyed hy a comparatively small force. Some 
SL'ven thousand troops un^er the command of 
Sir John ^tordauut [q. v.] were told oil' for 
this seraice, and Hawke was to command 
the covering fleet. On 6 Aug. the two com- 
manders-in-chief reccive<l tlieir instructions, 
Hawke's Wing 'to net in conjunction nnd 
to civnporale with Sir John Mordaunt inthn 
execution of the services pn;»cribed to him,' 
wliile Mordaunt was directed Mo attempt, 
IL4 far us sliall be found practic^ible, a ae- 
scent on the French coast at or near Kocbe- 
fort ; to attack, if practicable, . . . tliat plac«,* 
and to destroy its docks, shipping, mogajtinos, 
and arsenals. 

Within a week from the date of these in- 
structions tbe fleet and army were ready, but 
the navy boanl had not provided a suiricimt 
number of transports; and in rumedviug tlu? 
mittcalculntion nearly a month sl!]iiK>d away. 
Tbt' trfxipe did not embark till Sept., and 
on the afternoon of llie Stb the e-xpeditton 
sailed from St. Helen's. Twelve days Utor it 
wa^ fog-liound in theentninco to the Basque 
Roods, and it did not yuM into the roadatoad 
till tbe 23rd. A lulf-finiahcd fort on thi* 

03 



iH 



Hawke 



196 



tManfl of Aix was at once reduced by the 
Ma^n&ntmeand Barfleur, but it was found tbat 
the reneeadec, who bad be^n shipped as pilots, 
were quit« ignorant of tbo place. A sound- 
ing party, under the immediate command of 
R^r-admiral Brodrick, wms sent to make in- 
dependent ohniervalion. It returned late on 
the evening of the 24th, and on tlie 25th a 
council of war wan held. From Krodrick's 
report it appeared that the troope might be 
landed on a hard sandy beach in Cbatelailloa 
Bay, tbat the transports might anchor about 
a mile and a half from the ^borc, the ships of 
war not within two miles. The general did 
not consider this encouraging; the ships, he 
B&id, at this distance could not cover the 
landing, nor a retreat if the army should 
Kustain any reverse ; ond such a reverse was 
extremely probable. The enemy, he argued, 
vu well prepannl ; and matt likely had a 
lAwearmy waiting for them beliind thes&nd- 
hilTs of Chatflaillon Bay. llawke confined 
himself to laying before the council the possi- 
bility of putting the men on shore; this, he 
said, he wa* rvady to do ; as to the further 
operations, it was for the soldiers to decide. 
But the soldieni, after much hesitation, de- 
termined to do nothing. Un the 29th llawke 
sent tbem a formal message that if they had 
no military oporations to propose be would 
take the Hett home. The general assented. 
The fleet left, the anchorage on 1 (Jet., and 
arrived at Spitbead on the 0th. 

A very angry public feeling was excited 
bv the news of the failure. It was Oiwertod 
that there were secret political reasonw for it ; 
thai Uochefort hml been sparnd a» an equi- 
valent for the sparing of Hanover, and iis 
the price of more favourable lernia in the 
convention of Kloster-Seven (Potter to Pitt, 
1 1 Oct. 1767 : Correspondence of the Erirl of 
VhatJiam, i. 277 ; Chesterpieli). Lettern to 
Aw AVm. 10, 2ttOct.. 4, 1*0 Nov. ; Horace Wal- 
pole to Conway, 13 Oct.) It was, however, 
on Monlaunt, not on Hawke, thot indigna- 
tion or suspicion fell (RiTRROWS,p. 331), and 
on 22 Oct. Huwke again put to sen to look 
for the homeward-btmnd fleet of Du Boi« du 
la Mothe. He fortunately missed it, so that 
it carried into Brest the terrible pestilence 
which raged there instead of at Portsmouth 
during the winter { P^'iwoNSiBit-DBapjER- 
xukBSSi Trait i fur lef Mniadies deM Gent de 
Mer, p. 07,2nd edit. 1780). He returaw! to 
Spitbead on 15 1>pc. On 12 March 1756 he 
again sailed, on informotion that the I'rench 
were preparing a large convoy for .\mericn. 
In the beginning of April bo learned that it 
was putting to .'tea; on the 3rd he chased it. 
into!&t. Martin's in the Isle of H^; on the 4th 
he looked Into Basque Iloade. Inside the Isle 



of Aix were five ships of the line, whic 
threw overboard their guns and stores, ao 
escaped on to the mud flats ; the next dayj 
with the assistance of boats from Rocbefort^ 
they got into the river, llawke had all alon 
vainly urged on the admiralty his want 
bomb-vessels and tireships ; without the** ' 
he could do nothing more than cut adrift tbr 
buoyt* with which the flying enemy htdj 
marke<l their anchors and guns, and ^i^riil I 
working party on shore at Aix to destroy tba 
new fortiticatious In progress. He rutarnfllj 
to Portsmouth, leaving a small sqiiadrobi^ 
under Captain Keppel of the Torbay, 
blockade the convoy in St. Martin's." Ill 
had eflectually prevented the sailing of tli 
French expe<liiion for many montlis, but wa 
discontented at having been unable to d^ 
stn>y il altoffelher. The admimlty also were 
discontented; they knew tliat the fault wa^B 
their own, and naturally vented their HplettoH 
on llawke, whose return was coldly acknow- 
ledged. Four days' leave was curtly refused 
him. On 10 May he received an order to p"t 1 
the squadron designed for a secret expcditioik| 
under the command of Captain Howe [»« 
How E,IIicH.\aD, Earl Howe]. Howe waited^ 
on Hawke with their lordabips' letter about 
four o'clock in the afternoon, and at seven 
o'clock llawke repliwl in an out.<?poken and 
angry Iftter, iiroteeting against the condue 
of the admirulty towanls him during the pa 
twelve mouibs, more especially now in a| 
pointing Howe over his head, and fuially 1 
ijuainting them that he had struck his flag. 
Tlie adraimlty were astounded, but Tlowke 
could not be spared. They sent for him to 
attend the board: exphtnationsand asprirances 
were given and accepted, and on 17 May he 
resumed biscommand. HowewoAstilltocom- 
mand the secret, expedition ; and, toprfvent ^ 
the difticulty of his corresponding uirectlyw 
with the admiralty, independent of thecora*V 
mander-in-cbief, Anson himself was to hoist 
his flag, Hawke going with hira 09 second in 
cnmniand. Tlii.« he would seem to have meant 
US a format acknowlfdgmenl that he accepted 
the admiralty's explanations ; and a montb 
later (18 June) he applied to Anson to be sent 
home, on the pretext of a severe fe\'erish cold^ 
a complaint he was very subject to. He did. 
not again hoi t!t his flag till 13 May 1750, wheu 
he took command of the wostem squadron. 
It woa known that the Frenrii were contem- 

{ilflt ing an invasion of England, or more pro- 
inbly of Ireland ; that troops wore muatered 
inthelSIorhilian; flnt-bottomed boat* for their 
rnl^HIlo^^ were collected at Havre, and every 
exertion was to be made, by uniting the Tou- 
lon and Brest squadrons, to obtain command 
of the Channel. In t he Mediterranean Boh- 



•wen wns watching: the Toulon squadron, 
I'hich be eventually destroyed in the .Strails 
fliibraltArandLaeo«Bay on I^^andlO Au)^. 
BosCAWEir, hnwARD]. Nearer hom.i 
ney destroyed the thit-bottotand biMtf 
f«t Havre in July [see Rodkey, Obobge 
Bkt iMi Ks, Loud Uodxet] ; it wba for Uawke 
to ket'p watch over tbe fleet ui BfeBt,t service 
which be carried out with a pwsistenoe till 
then unknown, thereby practically initiatiuK 
A revolution in naval strategy. The technical 
detnHa <if the bl'Kkade, a* well as the mea- 
vurv» which he t<Mjk for the victualltiiff of the 
fleet and for the frequent refn-fhinj^'of ihemen 
)>y short visit* tolMjiurmt h, t wo nr thn-e »hi[M( 
at a time, dewrvecloHe Htudy. *Tbe relief of 
the wjuutlron,' he wrote on 4 Aug., ' depends 
mure on ihe refreshment of the shipa' com- 
|ianit>s titan on cleaning the nbips. . . . Afi to 
myself, it is a matter of indilforencewhetherl 
fig;ht the enemy, if they should come out, with 
an equal number, one ishiii more or le^. . . . 
What I set' [ believe, and repuhit-e my con- 
duct accordingly* (cf. Nicolas, AV/*o« 2>r*- 
f*atckr9,\i. \9§). He held Hrest a sealed port 
from Mhv to November. At times, indeedf 
he was com pelled by a f trong westerly Bale Co 
t«ke refujp- in Torhay or the Sound j out as 
«oon as the weather moderated he waeajrain 
tfiD hilt ]>o«t,HometLmei!at anebor under I'oint 
St. Malhieu, at others standing out to mmi- 
ward. but with n chain of ve»»«I» stretching 
into the very entrance of tbelJoulet. Never 
before bad a fleet been able to ke4']i the Mea 
for such a time, nor did any fleet again do ao 
for the next forty years. Waliwle has ab- 
«urdly described llnwko oi^ a man of steady 
courage, ' but really weak, and childishly 
nbandofied to the guidance of a Scotch secre- 
tary ' ( .\frmairit nf the Reign of Ueorge IJ, ii. 
t!40). As a matter of fact, many of his tetters 
•re in his own luindwrlting ; and his courage 
on the dav of Iwttle wsji not mor*? conhpicu- 
ouj« than fii)( freedom from all fear i»f respon- 
sibility, bis carelaaineaa about making things 
Amixith at the admiralty, or i be pains be took 
in maintaining the well-being of hit fleet. 
He inaiDtedon due supplier of frc»h bi.H?f and 
vef|;etablcs ; be condemned bad beer, surama- 
rily dtsniiesed incompetent medical oflicenj, 
•ud peremptorily refu&ed to discuss with the 
navy board his right to do so, 

November set in with very btid weather. 
After struggling against a Irementlous w[>st- 
erly gale for three days the fleet put into 
Torbay on the 9Ui, went out on the IJth, 
but on the IHth was again driven m. The 
Kaniilli'-^. whi(>h bad carried liawke's flag 
through t hL> summer and autumn, wad in Detnl 
of a thornugh refit. Hawke shifted hid flan 
to the ICuyal (Ieorgc,and put to ska on the 1 4th. 



On the 17th he had news that the French fleet 
was at Bea. lie was then ofl* I'shant, and 
concluded that it must have gone round to 
embark the trwjps in Morbiban. The wind, 
blowing hard at 6.S.K.,drovehim to the west- 
word ; it was still adverse through the IHth 
aitd liHh. On the morning of the '2fil)x, being 
then some forty miles to the west of lielle 
Isle, the Maidstone frigate made the signal 
for K^ing a fleet. No time was lost in the 
pednnlicevolutionsfiivoured by tho'Fighting; 
Instructions.' The enemy was making on. 
Hawke made the signal ' for the seven ships 
nearest them to cha^<, and draw into a line 
of iNittle ahead of the Koval Oeorge. and en- 
deavour to stop them till the rest of the 
squadron i^hould come up, who wen* also to 
form as thev chased.' Happily tli" French 
admiral, >farshal de (Vullan>t, hud be4*n 
tempted out of his course in chase of I be 
frigate squadron which, under Captain Duff", 
had for montlis i>ast been keeping watch on 
the Morbihon coast. He had not time to 
recover bin lost ground and reach the shel- 
tering rocks and shoals of Quiberon Bay be- 
fore the headmost ebiiw of Hawke's irregu- 
larly formed line were on him. ' All the 
day (in Hawke's own words) we had very 
fresh gales at N.W. and AV.N.W. with heovy 
squaljk Monsieur Conflans kept going on 
under such sail as all his squadron could 
carrr and at the same time keep t^jgether, 
while we crowded after him with every sail 
our !>>hip!t could bear. At half-past '2 p.m., 
the fire beginnine ahead, I made the signal 
for engaging. We were then to the ."onth- 
ward of iietle lale ; and Ihe French admiral 
headmost soon after led round the CartlinaU, 
while hisrear was in action. About 4 o'clock 
the Formidable struclc, and a IJttle after the 
Th6s^ and Superbe were sunk. Aboulo ihn 
H^roK struck and came to an anchor, but it 
blowing hard, no boat could be sent on board 
her. Night was now come, and being on a 
part of the coast among ir<liindH and Kbnulit, 
of which we were lotally ignorant, without 
a pilot, as was the greatest part of the squa- 
dron, and blowing hard on a lee shore, I made 
the signal to anchor.' 

During the night, and the early morning 
of the 2l5t, two of the English ships, Ke«>- 
liition and Es8ex, struck on the hour, and 
were irrecoverably lost, though most of their 
men were saved. The French flagship, So- 
let) Itoyal, ran asliniv near Croiaic and w^s 
burnt ; so also the H6nM,wbicb, after vlriking, 
wtts endeavouring to escape. Besides lhe,vt 
five ships, taken or destroyed, seven, throw- 
ing overboard their guns and stores, ran 
up the Vilaine, whi>re four of them broke 
their bocks. The other nine escaped to the 



I 



•outbwunl, MiUM into tUi* LoirBt MNQM into 
Rocliefort ; but in either cam th«r wtrioe 
(lurini^ thAt warwu stancQcl. The circum- 
i.Unr^« of the actiott — the short November 
ilay,thojnl«, tho rock«,tho*hawk-like syroop' 
of the Engli>'h flcft, the d^tmction of toe 
French, and tho relief fn^tn the tension of tfau 
last few months, diirini? which an ioTasion 
hadanpcaredimmint-mt — nil C'tmhtmiJ to raise 
popular i-ntliu«i&Am in Kngland to an un- 
wunU'd pitch, Att^at, it appeared to the sea- 
ni'-n an if the country pxpn^ssed its pratitudt* 
coldly. The hen vv weather n( NovemWr con- 
tinuf-d throuRh I>nc<'niber. The fleet was 
Mifelv anchort^ iuQutburouRay^but thecum- 
niunicntiou with Ent^laiid wa8 interrupletl } 
the auppliHS of fre»li jirtivisioos became ir- 
regular; the nhips' coiu|»anie8,no !onger*u*- 
tiumKl by llic t'xcit4>tnenl of a prospfclivo 
battle, fell «ick. The situutiun was shortly 
(ii^Bcriliod in thi.' fumiliar doggertil:— 
Kr« Iliiwke did Ixing 
MounsetT Cod6bd8, 

Voii wQl us bwf and leer : 
Now MuDUiieer^a heal. 
We're nought to ent, 

•SitMM you liavtt nuugbt to fuar. 
Ilftwhi'mpanlimt" wa.i eiigmtwl inacurioua 
rn-ftpnnileuee with tb.- Due d'Ai|,niilIun,lbc 
Dnininri'U'r-in-cIiii'fof the I'Veni-li army, relii- 
tivM to llifexchiuiffe orHurrPttderofpriannors. 
Jle d(-*raiimb'd the niunof the H6ro!*,whoha(l 
escaped by a breach of faith. D'Aiguilloii of 
COiinw reluwd; it is^irideei), now recognised 
that aithip in tbe prxtition of the IJ^ros has a 
ritflit to escape if sfnt can ; but in I r«*»S» the vic- 
tor's tlu-nry was t IiiiT a flhip. by striking ber (lajr, 
Murrenib'iv'd, ' rescue or no rfsctie.' 'i'he seve- 
rity nfiU'-Kri'm-h lo»^pi«iinuf;t rnted by Mawke'a 
letter 111 rht! ndminilty (2 I>ec.); ' A» the 
nmubcr nf meu much wounded on boartl the 
I'onnidable wns vervfirreal aiidverj-nauRcous, 
1 desired the Hue d'Aiguilloii would send 
vesselalotakt! tlif>mou sbor<.\ , . . Tlie wounded 
weiT sent for. Hh also M-nt iin officer to do- 
airi' that I would iwiid on shore Gvii com- 
jianiea of the n'gim«nt of Saint opie and I4<> 
militia on (lie terum of the cartel. . . . A.«only 
about ]2Uof the French Mildier.« survive, I 
consented tliat they should go un shore un 
purolf! jfiveit.* 

His work bt'iug finished, on 16 Dec. Hawke 
reqiifstt'd to be relieved. He had, he wrote, 
been thirty-unu weeks on board, without 
aetfinff \m foot on ohore. It was nol, how- 
ever, till I" Jun. 17(K)lhiil he waa permitted 
to return to Knglund. On thoL^Kt thekin^ 
received him at court in the most flattering 
milliner. On thftl'JSth hu received the thanks 
of the House of Commons, conveyed by ih« 
speakerin a glowingeulogimn. 'fhego^'eni- 



Bcat VM \em tnt^mumtw ; mad * vmim 
of l^SOOt^Atlenmii iaemMil to SjEXXtl a 

Ttar for two lira, WM tbe Mle flAeul ftdbvnr- 
ledgmcBt of tke mfttnt -victarr at ma ttsoe 
thadgfeHoftheSfMiih ^itimim Posonl 
pique oa the put orPStt,aiid penraal ietloon 
on the pan of ABacn, probaU^ oquain iIm> 
gOTerwnent'a uiinnlly raeagBiuan 1 cf Ucn< 
BOVB, p. A^\. T^oir negiect hu n*rl*^l oc 
faiiitonan«. who eecn sCarrrly lo h^n r*ot(r- 
humI the impxr-""— "f 'i;- • iitorr. Si (at 
as England w:. • '>eron Bay wm 

the decUive ac: . ., ; .. n ,r .ilv lid 

it put an end to the lan„ n* 

of in\-a5lon, but for the ■ * !y 

de5tTuyed the naval iK>werol trance. i>uno^ 
the rest of the war no French Mjuadron ten- 
tured loe«« ; the Bav of lliecav was an Eng- 
lish sea ; t^nib*.>ron lAay and tlaauiie ItmiU 
werf> the anchorayp^s of the Knf^liah SeetA, 
and tlipir isU>tj; were cultivated as eahbige 
gardens for the refxe&hment uf English sea- 
men. 

To ITawke'ft career, too, the battle wa» 
docL»ivo. It left nothing fnrthCT for hJm lo 
do. I!i.4 command in Quibemn Bar froni 
Alienist 1700 t<i March 17fil, or al i^thobl 
and in thrt Bay of Hi-Hcay from April to Sep- 
tember 1 702, waa uneventful ; though durini; 
tbe«e last months be was enriched by the 
capture of several valuable Spanish shipe by 
his cnii.^erti. He struck hu flag for the la£t 
time on 3 Sept. 17fi:?. I)n210ct. he was pro- 
moted to be admiral of the white, and on 
21 Dec. to be rear-admiral of On»al Britain; 
on 21 Oct. 17Co to be vict^admiral of Great 
Britain, anil nn lo Jon. 17t>h to be admiral 
and commander-in-chief of the ileet. 

In September 17tkJ Pitt.then Earl of Chat- 
ham, constant in his dislikes, paf«ed over 
Hawke. and selected Sir (.'harlcs Saunders 
[q. v.] (obe first lord of iheadiniralty. Hawke 
waa ncvertheletiH. it is i«aid, one of thf firvl to 
call on Snundera with his confrratulations. 
Saunders, however, held the offic for onJy 
a coupht of m<mths, and on hi.« resignation 
Hawke wa,-* opj)ointeil,28Nov. 170ti. Wal- 
pole, often merely the retailer of ignorant 
Ifossip {Memoirs ({ft fie Re'iyn of George III,ix. 
205.L'57),Junius,whn wrote what hethou^ht 
might be plcasiufjr to Cluit ham { o March 1770, 
17 Jan. 1(71), audnrliersi'urrilouaopjKinent* 
of thegovornment ( 6Vii/. Mat;. 1770, p.tJ3\ 
have represented llawke an an ineaimbte ad- 
ministrator, a clmr^'e entirely uiii>upTM)rted by 
niiy evidenc**. Proof |»opit ive nf theetncienrv *^C 
a naval luhiiini titration in timeof peace isdiffi- 
cult to obtain; but it was openly stated that 
his guiding maxim was *thnt our fleet could 
imly be termed considerable in the proportion 
it liorG to that of the llouu* of Bourbon,* and 



Hawke 



199 



Hawker 



lai , while lie bmku up fourteen B\\i\>s of the 
iiii! during bifi term oroHicf , he built or laid 

wn twentv-oigbt (Hcanyws.p. -liVo), That 

1778thcKnh'U8lina\'ywQa found to be below 
Deceuary stroigth cannot he attributed to 

twke's nuniunageiDcnt ; ha retired from 
ofHce seven years before, and on 'Jo June 
J775' it WBB fitated without contradiction in 
tho Houfiti of Lords that * Hawkc lofl I^U 
sail of thf line behind him, Si of which \\urn 
At thai (im6 ready for 6ea' (cf. Part. Ht'sf. 
XX. 976). 

After Lis retirement from the admiralty 
in January 1771 Ilawke resided mostly at 
Sunbury-on-Tbamcs. On 20 May 1770 In* 
was created a \n'eT by the title of llarou 
Hawke of Towton; but be to<jk little or no 

eurt in public alTairet. Ili^i health was muck 
roken during hi* Iateryears,and howasmuL-li 



cted by the tragical dealli nf Chaloni-r, 
n, ou 17 Sept. 1777 (CoLLnrs, 




^^fis youngest son. . 

^KPrfraffffj 1779, viii. Jl*Hi; WALroLK, Letters, 
^^bd. Cunningham, vi. 'iSS, 41)0 1. His secoud 
^^^u, Edward,a lieulenant-colouelin the army, 
had also died on 2 April 1773. AVith the 
KceptioD of bis gicnirip, in December 177r*, 
' !>protestof ihe unmirals n^^ninst the court- 
lial ordercfi on Keiipel t^ee Keppel, 
LccrsTUs, V'lacorxT KEPPEtJ, hin name 
nrcely caroo before the ]iublic, tliouf^h the 
iinty reraaina of his private correspondence 
Kiw iho interest lie continued to take in 
nuvitt matters [we CJkaky.Sir Fiuscis". In 
one of the latest of his letters, 26 Aug. 1780, 
h»» wrote to Geary on hia return from hi?! 
Slimmer cruise: ' 1 wish the Admirnlly would 
e>ee what was done in former times ; it would 
make them act with more jiroprietv Iwith for 

KIT good of offic^-rs and men. . . . For God's 
bke, if you should be sn lucJiy ua to get sight 
f the enemy, get aa close to them aa pos- 
(tible. Do not let them sbuHle witli you by 
engajjing at a di-^rance, hut get within mu»- 
ket-flhot if you c-an ; that will be the way to 
gain great honour, and wiU be the means to 
make the action decisive.' He died at Sun- 
bury on 17 Oct, 1781. * Lord llttwke is dead/ 
wrote Walptde to Mann on the IHth, 'and 
does not seem to have betpieathed his mantle 
I Bnybo<ly.' He was buried by the side of 
1 the church of North Slouebam in 
KOipshire. where a monumental inscriptiou 
ordSfWithoutuxaggeration.thut' wherever 
I sailed victory attended him.* Resides a 
lighter, Catherine, who is described as* the 
fnrt of her fhtliera life in his declining 
»/ he left one son, Martin Uladen, who 
cceeded to the title as second baron. 
, Hnwke's actions have very commonly been 
oken of OS a series of luippy ehancce, re- 
ed OS tuch by the government which 



dealt out lU rewards with a sparing hand. 
A close 6iud\* of his career proves tlmt his 
succcises wov due rather to cure and fore- 
sight. Alike OS captain and udmiral his 
anxiety for the health and comfort of his men 
was incessant. Far in advance of lua n^, he 
arrived, however iiuperfcctly, at a solution of 
the difficult ])robIem of how to keep a ship's 
company healthy ; and his discipline B|v- 
pean* tn have beon strict, but kindly. Jlis 
reproof of impiety, his care for the happiness 
of his men, his manly decision anJ digniOed 
deportment worked a rapid though silent re- 
formation through the whole fleet {Gent. 
.yfdf;. ISJ2.pt. i.p. 811). Whether ho was a 
causummate tactician must be. to some ex- 
tent, matter of opinion. Unlike Nelson, he 
left no theoretical exjtoaition of his views; 
bi;i leaching was purtdy practical, but his 
two great actions were fought — in defiance of 
the 'Fighting In<itruct ions' — on the soundest 
tactical prineJpli's. 

A full-length portrait of Iliiwkrt, by Francis 
Coto3, is in the Paiuied Hall at Greenwich, 
to which it was presented by thn third Lord 
Ilawke. Another similar pictun*, the pro- 
perty of Lurdilowke, ii* at WomersleyPark, 
near I'ontefracl. 

[The Life of Hawke was in I8S3 wriltua at 
full length, from ofticial »nd family records, by 
Taptain Montagu Barrow«, K.N., Chichtlo pro- 
fosHor of hiitorv at Oxfonl. To this further 
^oarch in th« amnirnlty record.-) hu.H euablfid the 
proseat writer tu add aomo few purliculars of 
L-urly sc-rvicc. All other memoirs haTo been 
written on very imparfeot infnrniAtion, au<i tc*m 
with misstntemtnu ; the notJL'ea in Barrow's 
Life of Anson are more than usoally Jnaccximte. 
ill. de CuutJans'tt dospatchcs will bo found iu 
Trvudes Butadlca Karale* de U France, i, 381.1 

J. K. L. 

HAWKER, ED\VAUD(1782-ie60), ad- 
miral, son of t^aptain Jamcji Hnwher [n. v.], 
had his name placed by Prince Williiun Henry 
on the books of the l''cgasu« in 1786, but he 
liri*t went to sea iu 1793 on lioard the Pegasus 
frigatc,andart<'r\%-arde in thoSwil^sure, with 
hifj brother-in-law, Captain Charles Boyles, 
In July i7JMi he waii promotw! to 1* lieute- 
nant of the RoisonnaDle, aljio with Captain 
Boyles; in 17LK)-1800 he was in the Spitfire 
sloop with his brother-in-law, Commander 
(afterwards Sir -Michael) Seymour (17tl8- 
183-1) [q. v.], and from 1801 to 1803 In the 
Thames frigate with Captain Ai*>kew Pafliard 
Hollis [q. V.J, at Gibraltar and en Iho coast 
of h'gypt. He afterwards commanded the 
R^wifl cutterin the West Iiidies,and in August 
1803 waft promoU^d to the command of the 
Port Malton brig. In June ld(U he was ad- 
vanced to post rank, and in the following 



Hawl 



200 



Hawker 



month WA8 Appoint fd t<i theTheseua, bc&ring 
the flftg of Rear-admiral Uacree,on the West 
liuliiin fitatioa. Ho afterwards commanded, 
on tlie Btujif Jrtation, the Tartar and the Me- 
liLinpiiit riU IHI:^, being* continually en)?»(^-d 
in active and successful cruising againRt the 
enemy's privateers. From l«13to i815,tir«t 
in the BoUerophon and afterwards in the 
Salipbury, ho was flaif-captain to ^^i^ Richard 
Ooodwin Keat,'*, commander-in-chief at New- 
foundland, and friim IH27 to IHSD waa flafi- 
captJiin to t lie Earl of Northesk at I'lymouth. 
lit! had no further serviro ollcat, but became 
in due course rear-admiral in 183", vice-ad- 
miral in 1B47, admirai in 1853, and died at 
llrighton H June 186C.I. 

During bis later years ho was a frequent 
correspondent of thtt'Times/ writing on naval 
fliibjectR under the signature of 'A Flag 
Officer.' A letter to Wellington in 1H40 
was published separately. He was also well 
known in rtdigimis and nhilanlhropic circles. 
He waa marritHl anil left iMue. 

[O'llymc's Nftv. Biog. Dirt. ; Rocortl, 18 June 
18f?0; information from the family.] J. K. L. 

HAWKER, .I.VMES (J. 1787), rnjitnin 
in the navy, entered th»; cervieo in 1744 on 
board the Shrewsbury with Captain Gideon. 
Me was aflerwnnls with faptiiin Rodney in 
the Kheenieas, with Lucius U'lJrven in the 
(.'olcheater, and Molyneiix Shuldham. His 
paaaing certificate is dated 4 Juno 1755. l)n 
31 Dec. 1755 be was appointed lieutenant 
of t he Colchester, which in 1 75H was attached 
to the fleet ofl' Brest under Hnwlce. <_)n 
6 Aug. irfil he wni» promoted to \\w com- 
mand of the Harludoet*, ami iu April I7t>3 
was appointed to the Sardoine. He was 
posted on 2(1 May 17li8, and in March 1770 
commissioned the Aldborough. In July 177W 
hp commiinded the Iris, a 32-gun frigalo,on 
the coast of North America, and in her, on 
6 June 1780, fdugUt a woll-tvinducted and 

3iul action wth the French 3(5-gun frigate 
ermione, commanded by M. I^a Touche 
Trtville, who died in 1804, vice-admiral in 
command of the Toulcm ttw^t. A ft era seviin; 
combat, the two jiliips neparatetl, both dis- 
ahled ; the Iris n^tumed to New York, and 
the Hermione made the beat of her way to 
Boston. La Touche was greatly mortified, 
as his frigate was by far the more powerful, 
and ho Imd previously boasted that he would 
clear tliocoosl of Britishcruii»ers. .Some angry 
correspondence ensued, with \hv objeet ap- 
porently of determining which of the two 
ran away from the other. Tlua was ]»ublishedl 
in the * New York Gnxette'(BKATHON, v.47), 
and created a very unfavourable impreKsion 
of La Touche's conduct, to which Nelson 



angrily referred during the time of hiit Toulon 
command (_jYr/<'WH Desjtatcfies, vl. IQi}). It 
18 aaid that during the action a chain-shot 
did a good deal of damage to the Hermione, 
on which La Touche rcmarkod, ' A'oilii una 
liaison bien dangereiisc !'— it is, however, 
very doubtful if ine Iris fired any chain-shot. 
On 1 Aug. Hawker was moved into the Ri 
nown, which he took to England, and oa 
10 Nov. wos appointed tfl the Hero, one of 
the (Miuadron wit h Commodore George John- 
le^q. v.] in Porto Prava on 16 April 1761. 

nd 



.Htone|^q, v.] i 



He quitted the Hero shortly afl*?rwBrd«, an^ ^ 
had no further service, dying in 1787. He^ 
lefl a family of three sonj^ and five liaughters, S 
three of whom married naval olficer»-, Admiral 
Charles Boyles, Admiral E. Oliver Osborne, 
and Admiral Sir Michael Seymour, bart.;fl 
anotherdaughtermarried Sir William Knigh-( 
ton, private secretary and keejwr of the privy 
purse to WeorgelV. Of the sons twoenterei 
the army; the third, Edward [q. v. J, died^oil^ 
admiral, in ]iMiO. ^M 

[Bcataon's Kav, and Mil. Hemoirs; commit^ 
nion and warrant bookii, hdiI othor dooumrnti* in 
tho Public Record Offle«: Memoirof Sir Miebnelj 
Scyniour, Bart, (privately printed 1878 >. p. 28.1 

J. K. L. 



HAWKER, PETER(1786-1853l,soldi 
and siKjrting writer, bom 2*1 Dec. 1786, wai, 
son ol Colonel IVter Ry%*es Hawker (rf. 1790) 
of Longparish, Hampshire, by Mary Wilson 
Yonge, who was of on Irish family. Like 
his father and many of his ancestors Hawker 
enteretl the anny, his commission as c«^mt«t 
in the }ttt royal dragoons dating from 1M)1* 
In 1803heJ!>ined the I4th light dm^oonSi^ 
in which regiment he became captain tbaj 
year following, and eer\'cd with it in the 
iVninsuIar war. Being badly woundctl at 
Tnlavero, he retired from active sen-ice in 
1813, but by the recommendation of tha 
Duke of Clarence he was made major ( I. '>lo), 
and then lieutenant-colonel (1621) of the 
North Hampshire Militia. Hawker, a man 
of very varl*-d ability, was a good musician 
as well an a keen swrtaman. He compn.'^ed 
much mu^i(>, and in 1820 patented an iin- 
provemenl in the construction of the piamv 
iurte. At tho £.ihibiticut of 1861 some alt*>- 
rations in lirearms which Hawker devised 
attracted attention, and he hoped In vain 
that th'iV would be adopted by the war office. 
He difd on 7 Aug. 1853. An engraving of 
a bust of Hawker is in his 'Instructiona to 
Young Sportsmen ' (Ittb ed.) 

He WAS twice married, and by his first 
wife, Julia, daughter of Hooker BartelloTy' 
whom he marriinl in 1811, ho had a son, 
Peter William Lanoc Hawker, somuttme A; 



telH 




Hawker 



20 X 



Hawker 




I of s 

abc 

ma 
Ut 

^€0 



ieutennnt ia the 74tb regiinvnt, and two 

Kiiwker's wnrfo comprise: 1. 'Journal of 
a [{p^mentul Officer duriiijjthe recent Oum- 
pai(>'n in I'ortitgal and Spain/ London, 1810, 
tiro. 2. 'Instructions to Young Sportsmeu 
in all that relates to Guns and titiootin^,' 
London, 1814, 8vo. Tlua work, by which 
^awktT became widely known, [>afits«d 
roiit.;'h many editions, and was amended and 
(let) lo Irutn time to time; the eleventh 
ilinn In dateil 1851*. 3. ' Abridgment of the 
ew Game Lawn, with Obeton'utiou^ and Sug- 
lA for their Im prove m en L. l)4>ing nn 
idiji to the sixth edition of " In^tnic- 
ia» to Young Sportsmen,"* London. 1861, 
4. ' InstnicTioDs for best positiou on 
forte/ I»ndon, 4to. 
oat. Mufc- 1863, pt. ii. p. 313; Army Lists, 
1803-14, Kurkc's Hist, of the Cummoaors, iii. 
30 ; Wtjodi-ntfl's Alitlisbolical Lint of rut.ente«3 ; 
Brit. Mo*. Car. ; Lod.Iod Cat.^ W. A. J. A. 

HAWKER, ROBERT, D.D.^ (1763- 
18:J7), Calvinifitic divine, bom at Exeter on 
Xa April 17o-'J, was son of Jacob Hawker, a 
eurgeon of th&tcitr. After pa.«&ing through 
the Kxeter grammar school he bpcnme h p\ipil 
of Mr. White, Biii^>on, of Phmouth, and in 
~772 he married Anne, daugblcr of Lieule- 
uit (aflerwanis Captain) Rainj*, R.N. After 
alking the London hoapitalt, he was for 1 
about threeyearNassistant-t^urgeon in the royal 
marines. On '27 May 1776 he wna matricu- | 
lated in the uniren<ity of Oxford us a mem- I 
ilrer of Magdalen IJall. He took holy ordent, 
id became curate of St. Martin, near Looe, ' 
mwall ('JO Sept. 1778), and curate to the 
R«v. John R<>dtord, vicar of Charles, near 
Plymouth (l>eef>mbur 1778), succeeding to the 
Ticuage of Charles on ItcdfonrH dnHth in 
1784. A%'olumeof ' Sermouson the iJiviriity 
of Christ ' procured for him the diploma of 
J},V. from llie unixersitvof Edinburgh, •'» July 
~793. He accepted the deputy-chaplaincy 
' the garrison at Plymouth in 1797. In 
he ftiundfd Tho Great Western So- 
tv for DisjKT-ing ReligiouH Tracta among 
Voor in the Webtcm District, and in 1813 
efttablifthed the Corpiu Cliristt Society 
bin pnrish. In doctrine he was a higli 
vinist, and he waa one of the most popu- 
exiemporaneous preachers in thekingdom, 
;a voice was powerful, yi-'t harmonious, and 
a pulpit orator be was impressive and fn.t- 
latiDg. For many years he paid an annual 
lit lo Tjondon, and pn'ached to crowded 
gregntions in the principal churches. He 
at Plymouth nn G April 1827, and was 
ied in hi« church of Chirrles, where a 
let, aurmounted by a marble budt, was 
:ted to hia memory. 



By hia wife Anne Rains (who died nn 
3 April 1817) he had eight childron. One 
of his sons, the Kev. Jacob Hawker, was tlia 
father of Robert Stephen Hawker [q. v.] 

His principal work^j are: I. ' Sermons on 
tht; Divinity of Christ/ London, 17i>2. 8vo. 
2. • Sermons on tho Divinity and Operations 
of the Holy Ghost/ Bath, 1794, 8vo. 3. 'An 
I Appeal to the People of England on the . . ■ 
[French Revolution/ 1794, 8vo. 4. * Para- 
ele-iis, or Conflations for a Dying Hour, from 
a review of the evidences of the renewed 
life/London[1797"|,12mo. 5.' Zion'sPilgrim/ 
Faljnouth, IHOl, 8vo ; another edition, 'to 
which is now first added Zioii's I'ilgrimpast 
seventy,' l^ndon, lf*2S», l2nio. 6. 'Zion's 
Warrior, or the Cbri-stian S<itdier*8 Manual/ 
1802. 7. 'The Sailor Pilgrim/ 2nd edition, 
London [1806 'f], 12mo. 8. ' Life and Writ- 
ings of the !{ev. Henry Tanner of Exeter/ 
London, 1807, 8vo. ». *Tho Poor Man'** 
Morning Portion, being a selection of a verso 
of Scripture, with short observations, for every 
doy in tho year/ 2nd edition, Loudon, I8OI1J, 
12mo. 10. 'The Poor Man's Evening Por- 
tion/ 4th ed. 1819. These last two works 
htue beeufrequentlv reprinted. and wore pub- 
lished together in 1*842 and 1854. 11. 'The 
Pour jMans Commentary on the Xew Testa- 
ment, '4 vols., l<ondon,lHl6, 12mo. 12.* Visits 
lo and from Jesiw npon the most intt'resting 
occa»iions, and in the most hallowed momenta 
of life/ London, IHKJ, l2mo. 13. 'Lectures 
on the Perftiin, Godhead, and Ministry of 
the Holy Ghost/ Plymouth [1817], l2mo. 
1 4. * The Poor Man's (!^nmmentary on the Old 
Testament.' 6 vols., London, 1822, l2mo. 
l-'i. 'The Portrait of an English HiAhop of 
the Sixteenth Century,' 2nd edition, London, 
lH29,8vo. Iti. * Life of Dr. T. Goodwin/ 1838. 
17. 'A Concordance and Dictionary to the 
Sacred Scripture.-*, Imih of the Old and Xew 
Testament/new edit ion, I.rmdon,1846, 12mo. 
The list of Hawker '.1 writings in the British 
Museum Catalogue of Printed Books occu- 
pies six columns. 

His ' Wurku, with a Memoir of hia Life 
and Writings, bv John Williams,D.D.,minis- 
ler of Stroud, Gloucestershire/ appeared in 
H) void. London, 1831, 8vo. Pretixed to the 
lirsl volume is a portrait of Hawker, en- 
graved by K. Woodman from painting by 
ii. Palieii. 

[Life by Willwrns; Fonoral Dtacottrse, by 
Henry Dowhng. 1827; Dixon's Autobiog. of a 
MiuiKteruf th» Gonpol; Darling's Cycl. Bibtio- 
gmphii-n; Ljwndi*'«BibI. Mnn.(Dobti).p. 1013; 
Ueot Mag. I82T. pt- it. 87 ; DaridMWi'i Kibl. De- 
vt>iiienaij,pp. 146, 167. 168. 200,8uppLpp.9,33 : 
Buase and Cuurtnev's Bibl. Comub. pp. 219, 
407. filO, did, 1116,' 1316. 1417.] T. C. 



Hawker 



202 



HAWKER, UOMEKT STKPHKN 

nt*0»-187'%), poet and antiquary, U»ra al 
• OUikf Dain«rel, LVvon»hinN 3 IKm;. 1H03, and 
bajittsnd in its Parish chtuvh, wm prandstMi 
of Ilobcrt Hnw-Kvr '4. v/, and eldret son of 
Jacub Ste^Iwu llawVer, iht-n a medical man 
proctiMnym and around riymoulh.but after- 
' wanls cumtc and virar u( Stnitton, ComwalL 
Ilia mot luri>a«JttnrKlizab^th, second dnuj;b- 
trr or Sii'pUfu Drvwiit of AVinche.«ter, and 
later of PIvmoiith. Hid early education was 
uiulfrt.boUev.Atbanii5iueI.anLT,brad-niaBtor 
nf Liakonnl prummar Bcbool, and he was 
thenarticle*! t'l a wlk'itor, William Jacobson 
(W. H. K. Wright, iili*e Frt^trf, pp. 10. 0«, 
TSI.nt I'lvnK'iilb,hm the worlt soou Ixtanie 
diBtaatrfitl and be wo^ sent to i'helteuUam 
crainmiir schoi^l. He matnculated at I'eni- 
bmko CoUeg.*, IKford, on '2S April 1823, at 
(be age of uiueteen. and on IS >'ov. in the 
Mime Tear married, at Stralton, Charlotte 
Klixa Itawleifjh, mum of four daughters uf 
L'oloiiel Wrt-y I'Aiik of Whiutouo Hou^e, 
near that town (C. S. Oitjjekt, thmtcallt 
li. l.'ilMW). The bride waa forty-one and 
Uftwkrr wasnolyet twenty, but the raarrinee 
proved liiippv. Ou his n'tuni to Oxford li-' 
wtf^rnlcd to Slugdoleii Hall, where he f;mdu- 
uted n.A. M Mav IH-N. ond M.A. '.V« May 
)N)i5, nnd mi\de tb<> ortpiaintatice of Di^ihop 
Jciineand Bishop J«c«>lMon(Iti:KooS, 7'»v/iv 
Ovod Meh, ii- LMl, L»7:t). Wbile at 1 »xforJ be 
won the Newdipilo prii« in lHi»7 by a p<M'm 
on l'om|K'ii, whieh sulwi'^iuenlly came under 
the nutie** *^f Ilidhop rhtll|>c)ttti) and broug^ht 
him prcfi'rnient. Haw Iter was onlnined 
dceron in 1821^ and priosit in lS81. Hit* tintt 
curacy wua at North Tiimerlon in Ct>rn\vnn. 
I'jirly in XMi he was offereil by Ilishon Phill- 
potta tbe vicHPaKe of ytraltoii, but decliued 
It in favour of ht^ faih*T, then curate tbere. 
Ho wftft instituted tolbe vicarage of Morwen- 
«ktow H 1 1 h^c. of t bo Mime year. Ttie parish is 
ftituatc on the north-east corner of Cornwall, 
and its Ti>ckv coast i« the scene of many a 
ahipwreck. 'I'be mariners who escaped found 
in Hawker a warm friend, nnd the bodies of 
more than forty ikat perished were buried 
under his direction. The tithes aru com- 
muted at B pound a dav.and there is a glebe 
of seventy-two hctvs. 1 lawker was, moreover, 
instituted in 18ol,onllu^pn.<.«entiitionof Lord 
(.'linton, to the adjoining vicara^ of Well- 
comb«!. llul ho was imprudent in monev 
matters, nnd for many years before hisdeatL 
jmflert'd acutely from poverty. In ecclesins- 
ticul affairs he did not spare himself. The 
church was reston-d in 18^19. A new parpon- 
agd-houscwas secured through his exertions, 
and a central school established by him In 
the parish was largely maintained through 



his ooutribtitinns. To add to his expenditure 
he became involved in a lawsuit, which lie 
ultimately won, with the first Lord Clmr- 
ston over the ancient glebe and the well of 
St. John. His thoologicol views were mainly 
thofie of the tractarians. Aji rural dean he 
set on foot in 1844 ruridecanal synoda, and 
vindicated their existence in a pamphlet ; he 
introduced aliout the some time a weekly 
ofl'erlory, which he advocated in a print«?d 
letter to Mr. John Walter of the * 1 imes ; ' 
and he instituted b«rvt^«t thanki'givingi:'. His | 
wife, an accompliKh»*d lady, who published ' 
two translations from the Qerman, died ' 
2 Feb, 1863, a^^ed HI, and was buried ont-J 
side the chancel oT Morwenslow Churctwi 
(.hi 31 Hvc. 1864 Hawker married at Trinity] 
Church, Paddiu^on, Pauline Anne Kucxyn-I 
ski, whose ac^juaintance be had mad^ when] 
she was a govL'mess with a family residenfti 
in his parish. Her father, Vincent Franci*! 
Kucj^ynski, a Polish exile, who held an ap-] 
pointmeni in the Public Keconl t)ftici', ha' 
niiinied Mary Newton, an KngUshwomaiuJ 
lly this union Hawker had three daughter 
His health iH'gau to fad in 1873. lie diied 1 
!t Lockyer Stntt, Plymouth, on 15 AugJ 
lS7o, and was buried in ih) cemetery of tbtb^ 
town OD Id Aug. In bis Inst hours he was 
formally receiv^ into the Komiui catholic, 
fuith. The (|uestion bow long he had btfeni 
in unison with that creed was fiercelv de 
hated for some weeks in iho rcligioua ue 
]iauer«. 

Hawker's chief poetical pie<H'8 Mrere; 
1. • Tendrils by UeuWu,' Cheltenham. 18:*l.l 
'2. ' Pompeii/ a iirize poem, 1827, and fre-l 
quently republisued ; !Sir Francis Doyle cor 
rectly points out ( lirmittificmc^s, p. His) thi 
he had mftdc*considenible use' of Slaran1ay*ft| 
prise poem on thesame subject, I). * llecor 
nf the Western Shore,' lt«ft3 and 1836,1 
4. 'Kcclesia.' 1K40 and 1841. 5. 'Ueedrf 
Shaken with the Wind," IM3; second elueter,] 
1844; a volume of pi>ems mostly reli)ri"us. 
6. *Echo<!s from OldCornwoll,' l*att. 7. 'Tho 
Quest of the Sangraal. Chant the First,* 
Kxeter, 1864. This was the best of his com- 
positions. It was composed in 18<Vt in his 
nut, *a rocky excavation overlooking tho^ 
Sovem Sea.' 8. ' Cornish Ballads and otfasr^ 
Poems, including n second edition of the 
" Que^t of the Sungroal,"* IStft), and again in 
1884. Hocontributed mnnypoi'msandwssayaj 
in prose I0 periodicals; the titles of moat ofl 
them are printed in the * liibliotbecaComii-l 
biensis.' His poetical works, * now first col-J 
lected and arranged with a Prefatory Notice! 
hy J. O. Godwin,' apju'iiredin 1879. Sere 
oif his prose articles ou the legends of " 
wall and the traits of its inhabitants we 



Hawker 



io$ 



Ilawkesworth 



I 



embodied in a volume entitled ' Footprints 
tt( Former Mtn In Far C^>mwiill,' 1^70, but 
lii(« smaller eniitribufions remain um-nllvctod. 
Hawker 'n ballxU, din>ct andsimplt^ in style, 
w*.>re coiuniNted in tin' true siiiril ofiintifjuity. 
Thut ou ' frelawny,' lUe most ftimouK of nil 
his coropositioDB, was, uccording to Iiis own 
account, suggested by the clioni^, which he 
|*rofe88ed to regard a8 genuinely old : 

And i^all TreUiray die. 
Here's tweiJty Uiousaod C'omi&b men 
WiU see the reofeon why. 

Dul fVirthw evidence of the tthtifiuity of these 
linea i« waniinp. The halUii wn.< composed 
in.SirBevillf's\VHniiuStowe\V'KKl,Morwi'n- 
fttow, in 18:^5, ftiid wus printi'd iirnmymou^Iv 
in the ' Koyal l>evonp<.vrl Teliffraph und I'lv- 
niontb C'hronicI-?' on 2 Sept. l6'Jti, p. iv. It 
attracted tlie notice of Davies Gilbert, who 
n'printw) it at hi.«pririitp pre«iat J-Jiwtbourne 
(]}o49);, Ciitiectfinefi 0>r»u/K]\27t^) ami pro- 
cured Its insertion in the '(-JentleraanV Moga- 
xine/ 1827, pt. ii. p. 4f.R1. Sir AVttlter Seolt 
liiid Charles _])ickens (in UonfrhuUi Wtmh^ 
■jO <tct. 1852) were among those who wtrw 
deceived into the belief that it wasanaucient 
ballail, but Dickensat a hiter tlnte ( tA.L'O Nov. 
ISAJ) asAijfii'-d the author&hiii to Hawker. 

Shortly uftHf Hawker's death the Uev. 
F. (J.I<et^!).t'.L.,prinl^*dprivttt^'lyso^leconl- 
In(>mo^&tive viTses, and iii |H"H he iseued a 
volume of Memorials of ihe late Kev. U. S. 
lawker/ which woa the expansinn of an 
hrticle from hi» pen that appi-ared in the 
' Atoniinp Post '8 .S'jit. ]875. A sectnd life, 
piibliiihedin 1^75 by the Itov. Sabine Baring- 
tjotdd, waJ* hulijecle<l to Ten" seven? criticism 
in the *Athenwum ' of 20 Marvh 1676. The 
result was the withdrawal from sale of all 
the %'olames that had not been diqiOKed of, 
ami the apj»oarance of a * new and revitieil 
fdition.' iliij in its turn was adverselvcriti- 
cised in the Mnie review fur 17 June 187H. 
Theae criticid noticeij were struck nlT for pri- 
vate circulation in 187ti, the inipressinn being 
limited to thirty copies, and theuotico being 
»«i|nied with the initials W. RI., which stand 
for Willijim Maukoll, a friend and neighbour 
of Hawker. .Sub<tei{uent eilitioni* of Itaring- 
^iould's'Mumoir'cameout in IhTttaiul !(*8<t. 
Hawker's library and pictured were Hold un 
:^* Sept. 1675. His ciiaracter is delineale<l 
under the mime ol' Canon 'J'remaine in Mor- 
t imer ('ullina's novel of * Sweet and Twenty.' 

[B«>M5« and Courtaey's Bibl. Coraub. I. 220-2, 
iii. 1232-3; Foster's Alumni Oson. it. 628; 
Liv«« by Leo and iJariDg-Gould »uh1 notice by 
J, (i. ifodwin ; Wuglrrn Antiquary. Wii. 147-50. 
l99-'iOU, it. 41-4. Four interesting articloi on 
lti» career by Sir. Harris uf Uayne, Devon, irero 



iuBcrtod in the John Butt uo 18 Sept. 1876 and 
lul«r numbers] W. P. C 

HAWKER, THOMAS (d. 1723?), por- 
trait -paint or, according to Wrtue, came to 
live iu Sir Peter Lely'a house after Loly'a 
death, in the hope of benefiting^ by the 
famous aasociationj of the houi^e. Tliis hope 
was not realitned. He is kncwn by a full- 
length portrait of the Duke of Grafton, en- 
gravfd in mezzutint by Beckett, a portrait 
of Titus Ontec, engraved in meizolml and 

rublishe<l by H. Tnmpsnn, and u head of Sir 
)udley North. One IIawki>r (called by Ver- 
tue, perhaps in error, Edwattt Hawker) is 
titated to have been admitted a poor knight of 
Windsor, and to have been living in 1721, 
over eighty years of uge. 

[V'crluo's nii\oiurripl!i(Brit. Muh. Addit. MSS, 
23068-70); Walpolr'a Ab*-cOotw of I'Aintint;; 
Chaloaer Smith's Britiah McKiEotiato Fortnuti.) 

L. a 

H AWKESFiURY, Lord. ^S.^e jKXKrir- 

BO>% CUAKIX-S FaKI. op IaVEKI*OOL, 1727- 

1808.] 

HAWKESWORTH. JOHN, LL.D. 

( 1715?-1773), mUcellaueoiis writer, waa of 
humble origin. In bi.« v''>uth hew*aK *a hired 
clerktoniu' Hiirwood, anntloniey intJrocer*' 
.\lley in the Poultry '(IUwKiNB,"/.i/ew/J«An- 
jwH. p. 221 ). He belonged tothe congrt^tion 
of Thomas Bnidbur)- fij. v.]. till excelled for _ 
some irregularities {Aeir Bn>g. Ihet, 1798, fl 
vii. :V»Ct. In 1744 ho is »id to have sue- V 
rec<le<l Johnwn as compiler of the parlia- 
mentary debates in the 'flenllemau's maga- 
xine,* and from 1746 to 1749 lie contributed ^ 
n number of poetical pieces to that magazine, ^ 
several of which were signed ' CireviUe ' and 
'H. Gn>vil]o'(Keealist inCilALMRBS, i?nVi>A 
iI««flyM/ji,voI.xix.p. xvi|, Thelastnumberof 
.lolinsonV • Rambler ' ap[>eareil on 14 March 
17o2. Encouraged by its success, Hawke*- 
wnrth, in company with Johnf^u, Bathurst, 
and Warton, started the 'Adventurer,' the 
tirfit nuraberof which was published on" Nov. 
17W, and the liif»t and 140lh number on 
H Man:h 175J. This series «)f essays was a 
great iiuccejot, and has been frequently re- 
printed. Hawke<<worth, who was the edi- 
tor, and signed the last nnmber with his 
full name, ^vroto some seventy op scvcntT- 
l wo of the paper*. In 1756 be puhUahed Ino 
• Works of Jonathan Swift . . . accurately 
revised, in twelve volumes, adorned witu 
copper plates, with some account of the Au- 
thor's Life, and Notes Historical and Kxpla- 
natory, by Johnllawkesworth,' London, Hvr), 
1754-5. A quarto edition in six volumes wa.H 
alio published in 17&fi. To the«u editiomi , 



I 



304 



•otbar Tolumn were oAerwards adJed (see 
Niviiou, Lit. Awvdotff, V. •JUl). In 1756, 
at Uarrick'tt roauost, lUwkosworth altered 
Drydfii'ii comtMiy of ' Amphitryon, or the 
Twii Soflio*,' London^ 8vo, acted at Drurr 
ljan<<, ill five ncte, proito and verae. A letter 
writt^Miliy llawkuRWorth on H Nov. 1754), in 
nifurunri' to an abittract orVohain''» 'Philo- 
n<i|i(iit*al Diciinnary,' in the ' Ca-ntlcman'fi 
Mnnnzint',' dtTlaro.i that the maKUiint? w»» 
imt Hoti'ly under hilt direction ; ana add^ihat 
hi« iliMpprov*^! of much in it, and had no- 
thing to do with thf political articleslCuAi.- 
MKK». Hiojf. Vict. xvii. 23i<). Archhishop 
Ih'rring.hiivinKconferre*! upon him, on -1 W-c. 
17&(J, the LambtMh dej^ree of LL.1>. in con- 
sidfmtion of hi* litorttn' talents, ]Iawke$- 
worth thought of practiMng in the ecclr-diaii- 
tii'al rourta. llo ahaudonud thtt profi>s)tiou, 
for which ho was quit f unquali(ied,*uDn after- 
wardit, and dt^>votecl him&elf to the super- 
iutuiideno* uf n pr<Mperou.>i school kept by his 
wife at Urumley fnr \\\f tHjucnlion of young 
ladiea. In 17W he adaptrd .Soulhema tra- 

eof ' t>niomil(ij,' which wns produced nt 
y Lnne. In 17tiO he wrote an oratorio 
callod * Zimri,' l.hi> ntuAic uf which was com- 

Eoiu'd Uy John HtBiilt-y. In Januarv 17<U 
is 'Kdgarand Knimeline, a Fairy iTalOf in 
a Dramatic Entortainmi'nt of Two Acta' 
<I-^ndon, Hvo), m«.-t with gtvai auccefts at 
Brury Lane, and in thL> 8ami> year he puU- 
lishod * Almoran ond llamet, an Oriental 
Tale,' Lfindon, ItJrao, 2 vols. This story at- 
tainwl n coiisidi-nihlo iihnre of popiilnrily, a 
fwcond editiEin hninf^ published » frwniniithx 
after the Hr»t. It in fltated in liaker'n 'liii)- 
graphia Dramatica' that it was ori),'infllly 
written by IIawk<?aworth in 17-16 a8 a drama 
in three acta, and t hat Garrick thought of pro- 
ducinji it, but was deterred by the expense 
(i. iy6). Tbi» story, however, was afterwards 
utilised UvSanmel Jackson Pratt furhi» tra- 
gedy of tfi« ' Fair Circassian,' London, 1781, 
JHvo, which won produced at Drury 1-ane 
< Niciioi*, IJt. An/wi. ix.723). Jn April i7iy» 
Hawkcsworth was apjMMnted the reviewer 
4)fthe *New Publications' in the ' tif*ntlft- 
mau'a Majnizine.' an uilice originally held by 
Owtm Hunliead, the editor of the *Statutea.' 
In 1766 he published 'Letters written by 
the late Jonathan Swift . . . ]7(.»3-1740 . . , 
with Notes Explanatory- and Ilijtoricul, by 
John Hawkoaworth, Lt^.D./ London, 8vo, 
3 vols. Tbeine volumes were added to the 
octavo edition of Swift's ' Works ' of IT'yTt, 
juid lire numlH're<l 17, 18, and i9. A seventh 
edition was published in 17t>H, l^nndon 
12mo. In 17w) he prtsduced his irantdution 
of the 'Adventures of Telemachua.'de^licated 
to Lord Sfaelbunie, from Uromley, Kent, 



i 



12 April 1768. I'poD GarrkkV fteoBSicB- 
dation in 1771 Ilawkesworth wu wpoiotM 
by liord SoJidwich, thrn first lord of the mI- 
miralty, to revise and publish an account of 
the late vovagvs to the South Seas. AocoH- 
itig to Malona be scarcely did anything to 
the manuscript, but sold it to Cadell anil 
Strahon for «,000/. (Prtok, JJJe of Malont, 
n. 441 ; see also Wilpolf, Lettf^r*^ Cunniug- 
Lam^s edit., v. 46.1). The work appeared in 
1773 under the title of *^Vn Account of the 
Voyages undertaken by nrder of hi* pru^nt 
Majesty for making Discoveries in the 
Sxjuthem llemispherv . . . drawn up from 
the Journals which werv kept by thewveral 
Commanders and from t hi? Papers of JoHeph 
Banks, Esq., by John llawkeswrtrth, LL.D.,' 
&c., l*ondon.4io, 3 vol*. The dedication to 
the king is datj;^ Bromley, Kent. 1 May. 
1773, and the book «-u profus^dy illustrated 
with tt number of maps and plans at ths 
ex]>enBe of the government. Ihe tirst vo-, 
lume contains an account of the voyages ol 
Byron, Wnllis, and Carteret, the aecooil 
ond thin) the first voyaf^ of Captain Cook.! 
German and French translations appfar^ 
in tlie following year. The book met with 
much severe criticism (see letter fn:>ni M 
Chapone in Mius. I>ElJi!rr'8 Autobio^rafk^f 
lHHj,2ndfter.i.A52>. tt was condemned both 
for inaccuracies and Indecencies, lIawlEe»- 
worth shocked many religious persons in his | 
'general introduction* by refasing to attri-^l 
bote any of the critical t'ltcapea from dangvrf^f 
which he had reconled, ' to ine particular in- 
terjwsitinn of pnividence^' maiutaining thai, 
IIS lie could nut admit the agencT of chuicff 
in thii government of the world, be 'must 
uecessariiy refer every event to one cause . . .j 
as WttU the siitleriugs as the enjoyments oc 
life' (vol. i. pp. xix-xxi). Thurlow, in bisl 
BiH'(K;h on the copyright ijut^st ion on '2\ MarchJ 
lV74,staledthut ilawke*wnrth'*l)Ook,'wbichj 
was a mere compof^ition of trash,' sold fnpi 
three guineas by tue monopolising of the book'i 
sellers {Pari. iii»t, xvii. ll)«6), while John- 
son Hjtoke of it contemptuously to iJoswelL 
(BoswEi.L. Life uf Johnson, li. 247). 

Hawki'ftworth was appointed aoirectorof 
the East India Compouy in April 1773, but 
took no active part in their prot!ee<ling8. The 
attacks mode upon 'the Voyages' in the 
newaiittpers and the periodical preas preyed 
greatly on his mind. He was seined with 
low fever, and ditsl on 16 Nov. 1773 at ihft 
house of his friend I>r. Grant in Lime Street, 
ngpd f>8, 'out of luck not u^ have died ^' 
twelvemonth ago' (\\ Ai.VOLE,LftUr*, vi. 11 ). 
According lo Malone he was * supposed to 
have put an end to his life by intentionally 
taking au immoderate doae of opium * (Fbio 



I 




Ilawkesworth 



205 



Hawkey 



Liff of Malvne, p. +41 1. He was buried m 
Bromley in Kent, where a monument was 
erected m rLi'churcbtoliiamemorr. llawkes- 
■worlh lind Utile learaing, but congiderable 
literary uUent. So soccesaful wa« be in the 
imitatton of JobnMn's Btvle that Catherine 
Talbot declared that she discerned Dr. John- 
eon Mbrniiph nil the papers that are not 
marked A.oseridentlyoaiil saw him through 
the kevhole with the pen in hi? hand ' ( Cat' 
trr nHti Talbot Corrf^pondencf, l8tt), ii.1091. 
At the befjinninpof his career he was an in- 
timate friend of JohniKm, and was a member 
of the lUmbler Club, which met weekly nt 
the King's Head in Ivy Lone. The micceM 
of the 'Adventurer,' according to Hawkins, 
*el»twl him too much' (w. 312), and eoon 
»ft«r attaininfT his Lambeth degree bis inti- 
macr with Johnson ceased. Malone also re- 
cor<f« that Sir Joshua Reynolds told him thot 
Hawkesworth was latterly * an fttfected in- 
sincere man and a great coxcomb in his 
dress' (PKJOk, Life of Malone, p. 412). 
HawkeewonJi appears to have sat to Sir 
Joshua Reynolds four times, vir. : in Sep- 
tember 1769, January 1770, October 1772, 
and July 1773 (Lnei.i£ and Tatlob, Hfe 
and Times of Sir Joshua Kfynotih, 1865, i. 
BOOi Thcportfttit pnintedin 177.'i,engraved 
by J. Watson in mezzotint the same year, 
WM in the poaseaaion of Mr. (iraves in ls78 
Catalogue of the Winter Kihibition nf Old 
}iaMter» at the Royal Acfiti^nuj, IS78, No. 
I). A small portrait of Hawkesworth is 
fixed to the nineteenth ToUime of L'hal- 
rs's ' British Eaanyiats.' In addition to the 
irks before mentioned, Ilawkesworth was 
e author of * The f ali of Egrpt : an ora- 
rio OS it is performed at the Theatre Royal 
Drury Lane. Written by thf late John 
..awke«worlh. I.ij.l>., and fiet to Musick by 
John Stanley, M.B.,' I^ndon, 1774, 4to. Tfe 
so contributed two essays to the ' Spend- 
rift/ b*>th of which arc signed 'Z./ the one 
T»«le' appearing in No. 8 (17 May 
170tJ), and llnMitheron 'Painting' in No. Li 
21 June 17Wt). Two letters writUan by 
Awkasworth to Dodsley in reference to 
ifiw eisaya are bound up in the copy of the 
Bpendthrifl ' in the British Museum. 

[Sir John Hawkins's Life of Samuel Jf>hQ<ion. 

|7»7, pp. 132. 220-2, 2S2. 292-4, 310-12; 

Ifadama d'ArblavV Memoirs of Dr. Buraby, 

|832. i. 374-9; Nathan Drake's r.#say<t, 1810, 

. 1-34 i CbalmeriH Britixh Kssayistfl, 18!^. 

d1. xis. pp. xi-ilTiii ; Disraeli's Calamities and 

|i»rr«1« of Authors. 18S9. pp. 199-200 . Sir 

Faroes Prior's Life of Edmund Maloue, ISnO, 

441-2; BoswcU's Life of Jnlinaon (edit. 

>'. a Hill. 1887) : Chalmom's Biog. Diet. 1814, 

rit. 236-43; Baker's Biog. Dram. 1812, L 



31S-I7 ; Oeoroian Em. 1834, iii. 330-1 ; GonU. 
xliii. 6B2. 1781 li. S70. 1864 3r 



Mag. 1773 ; 

ivi. 637 ; Brit. Mtw. Cat.] 



I 3rfl scr. 
O. F. B. B. 



.iuni 
■Erii 



HAWKESWORTH. WALTER (rf. 
1 U()ti >, dramatist , was the sfiwmd son of Walter 
llawkt^witrth of Hiiwke}:worth, Yorkshire, 
by his wife Isabel, daughter and coheiress of 
Tiiomaa Colthurst of iCdisforth in the aome 
county. He was matriculated as a pen- 
sioner of Trinity College, Cambridge, on 
30 March 15>^, and elected a scholar in 
1589. He proC'j'HhMl B.A. in L591-2, was ad- 
mitte<l a minor fellow in OetnlHfr loPft, and 
a major fellow iu April 1595, commencing 
M.A. the same year. uSa a writ«r and actor 
of comedies ho gained considerable repu- 
tation. At the bachelors' commencement 
of 1603-3 the Latin comedy of ' Leander/ 
of which he was probably the author, was 
acted at Trinity College for the second time^ 
and another comedy which be is known to 
have written, entitled * Pedantius,' was pro- 
duced for the first lime. He represented 
the principal characters in l)oth these dramas. 
At or shortly Treforn l^tichaelmaM HlOrj be 
n^igiied his fellowship. About ihu i^me 
time he accompanied Sir Charles Comwallis 
[q. v.] on his embassy to Spain, in 1 he capacity 
ot secrctorv. At the cloi^e of the year he was 
despatched to England on a special mission 
by Comwallis, who, in a letter to the Earl of 
Salisbury, says that Hawkesworth left him 
'with a body weak, and a mind not very 
I strong.' In Slarch ll!0.">-fl tbe lords of the 
I council gave him instructions to )>e com- 
I municaled to the amhasaador on his return 
i tu Spain. He died of the plague at Sir 
' Charles Comwaltis's house in Madrid in 
October llX)6. He was unmarried. 

lie is the author of: 1.' Labyrinthus: Co- 
moedia hahita coram Sereniiw. Rege Jacobo 
in Academia CuntabrigienNi,']2mo, London, 
16^36. A manuscript cnpy is in the lihrory of 
the unirersityof Cambridge, MS. Ee. 5, 10(3). 
The representation b<_'foro the king is sup- 
posed to liavc taken place on his thin! visit 
to Cambridge in .March 1622-3. 2. A letter 
to Sir liolwrt Cotton, in Cotton. MS. Julius, 
C, iii. 24. 3. Latin verses (signed O.ILC.T.> 
in the collect ir)n on the death of Sir Edward 
Lewkenor and Suttan his wife, 1600. 

[Cooper's Athons Cont&hr. ii. 441-3; will, 
dat«d 5 Oct. 100(1, prored on 30 Nor. IGOO, 
P. C. C. 81, SlaHbrdf.] 0. G. 

HAWKEY,JOI|\(17ai-1759),cla*8ical' 
scholar, a native of Ireland, pntere<l Trinity 
College, Dublin, in 1720, aged 17, b»wame a 
scholar in 1722, and graduated in 1726. 
Howkey published a translation of the • Ana- 
basis* of XenopboD ; established a school in 



Hawkins 



206 



Hawkins 



1746 «t Dublin, and iasued tliere serenl 
editinns of tbe clwics. Tbew hava Wen 
much commanded fnr thf»ir beauty and ac- 
cura*!T bv Ih'* classical bibU<»tfra(>ht'rs. Ed- 
wanl llarwcid and Tboma.« Knignall Dibdin. 
Hftwkev projeclCTi an edition of Cicero in 
twenty volume*, which, hoirever, was not 
printed. He nublished at Dublin handsome 
editionn of * Paradise 1-ost' in 1747, and 
«Paradiae Repiined' in 17o2. These editions, 
accoiding to Milton's editor, the R**r. H. J. 
Todd,are^-aluoblefortheiracciimcj-. Hawkej 
died at Dublin in 1760. 

His editions of classical aulbor», all pul>- 
]ishc^ in Dublin in 8vo, are : 1. * Vir>fili<W 
U-lTi. 2. • Horatiius' 1745. dedicated to Pri- 
mate John IloadW. A. 'Terentius/ 1745, 
dedicated to the Earl of Chesterfield. 4. • Ju- 
venal and PfTsiuA,' 1 746, dedicated to MorJe- 
cai Gary, bishop of Killola. 5. * SaIlu£ctiu.V 
1747. ' 

[ Vieir of Editionaof ObuBCs, hy £. Banrood. 
17&0; IntrodaetioQ to Knovledfe of Clawio. 
bT T. F. DiMin. D.0,, 1827 ; PoHiosl Work» of 
liiUoo.by H. J. Todd. 1842; Hit-U-rj- of Ctty 
of JDoblio. Tul. ii. 1859.] J. T. G. 

HAWKDfS, Snt C.«SAR (irU-1786>. 
mi^eon, son of Cienr Hawkins, a eoaatry 
«nT|^«oii, and great-grand£<^n of Colonel Onsar 
Hawkins, whooimmandedarcgimcnl of hoTM 
tn lhetimeofriiarltfsI,wa»bornlOJtin. 1711, 
and studit-d with his father and with a Mr. 
Raubr for seven vear». On 1 July 1735 he was 
admittedtotheCompanyofSarireon«,andon 
19Aus;.1736wa«mideamemberofthelivenr ■ 
and chosen demonstrator of anatomy. This 
latter office he resigned in iho next year on | 
beingappointedsurgPoniothePrincPofWales ' 
landtoooaofthetroopsnf guards. Inl73ohei 
twaa elaeted HiTfreon to SC Ocorsre's Hospital, 
fftnd held this office till 1774. lie was made 
f auiKt aat'gurgBon toGeoryc II on 7 St^pt. 1 747, 
and occupied the same poet in the next rvign. 
On 3 Sept. 1778 be was created n baronet, 
and died 13 Feb. 17B6. He married Sarah, • 
daogliter of Mr. John Coie, and left a family, 
» of whom, Charles, was al«o »erffeant-«ur- 
P-=o«i,aiianothcr,thf Rev. Edward Hawkins, 
waa the father of Edward Hawkins, D.D. 
fq.TAprorort ofOriel.of Dr. Francis Hawkin* 
[o.^,}, and of Ciewr Henry Hawkins o. t.~ 
fte same important post was also held by 
Pennell Hawkins, a brother of Sir C-esar, and 
by George,son of Pennell, beum thus occunied 
br four raembers of the same family in tnree 
nerations. 
Kawkhis was considered a very dexterous 
ooeralor, »■ professional ability se- 

at nn early aire. He 
r« made I,O0U/. a year by phle- 



bdtimy alone. Up wa* tbe iax 
ia<)lninient called the caning iror. 
behind him no literary wnrk. Hisp-jri 
Hogarth, is at the flo'yal CoUegQ of £ 

IFostrr'c BanmoC^a, 1SS3 : V. 

Aanab of the Bazbai^Swyctti? 
p. 571 ; St. Gcors«9 Haspital U j- .. .- .. 2\~i ' 

J. F. P. 
, HAWKINS. C.E3\R HEXUV ( i; . 
, ISaiVsuTgeon, bom 19 Sept, 1706 at Bislev 
Gloocestenfaire, waa son of tbe K>.>v. K^ 
ward Hawkins, and grandson of Sir Cws 
' Hawkins, hart. 'q. v.] He received his f^rlj 
education at Christ s Hospital, and after 
serving as pupil to a Mr. Sheppard was ad- 
mitted a Attident of St. ireorge's Hoepita"^ 
under Sir Eveninl Home and Brodie in Hlf 
He became member of the Royal College ^^ 
Siirgwins in l>-il, tanght anatomv with Sif 
Chwle« BvU in tbe Hunterian School. Wind-L 
mill Street, wu appointed anrgeon to St.] 
CfeorgeV HosptUd in leiJ9, mad held thisA 
of^ce till 1861, when, on his rengnaiion. ImI 
was nppi>inted coosnlting aargeon. He wiuf 
president of the Royal College of Sii:^;eon*l 
in 1852 and again in 1861 ; wiu examiner fori 
many years, and delivered tbe Hunteriait] 
oration befioic the college in 1^9. In IN^n 
he was appointed scryeant-sorgeon Tji thuj 
que*in, having pre\-inttsly been one of her 
majesty's snrgcons. He was elected a tnutett, 
of the Hiinterian Mnaenm in 1871, and ynn 
also a fellow of the F^^yal Societv. I 

Hawkins wus an eminent and^ siicce«fall 
surgeon, who throughout hi* long life won 
the rwpect of the whole profession by ]\i^\ 
attainments and cliamcier. Ili^ opinion w*as 
especially valued in JitficuU cas^. While 
in comparative retircnseut n^oonsalting sar- 
gwn be was often seen in the wards of St. 
Qemge's Ho^tal, ^riiere he gave his col- 
leagues the beoeAt of his Inns experience. > 
He was noted ms being for a long time tbe <, 
only surgeon who had performed the opera-j 
tion of ovariotumv with success in a lAndoa I 
hoeptal, and he did much Co popnUriae th»\ 
operation of colotomy. But, thoogh a sac-' 
cessfal operator, he alwav^ leaned to what 
is called conservative surgeri*, and it wa» 
said of him that *he was always more anxiooB 
to teach his pujuls how to 5a^-e a limb than 
how to remove it.' 

Hawkins contributed many memoirs and 
lectures to the medical joumats which were 
collected and printed for priraio circulation 
with the title * The Huntfrian (."hati'.n. Pre- 
sidential Addre^itsei^ and Pathological and 
Surgical Writ ings.*^ vols. Svo, London, 1S74. 
Among the more important are ' The Hun- 
terian Oration for 1848 ; * * On the relative 
Claima of Sir Charhfs Bell and Magendie to 



Hawkins 



207 



Hawkins 



t^ Ducotenr of the Kanrtiow of tlie Sptttnl | 
Kema ; ' ' Experiment* on 11 jdropUobU and ■ 
Iht Btt«e of Serpents : * ' (hi KxcL^on of the 
Oranofli ;' 'On ^trictia* of the Colon treated 
br Opention;' and valuable 'Lectures on 
rawMira.' 

ZUvkiiKdwdSOJaljIdSl. He wajt twice 

I Buned: kb fint wife was a Mt;^ Dolbel : 
his •econd wife, who aarrivM him, waja Mis 

> £Ura Boose. He left do iasua. 

' [Tom*, si JcIt 1M4 fMtnoir by Mr. Charles 
Havttu): Brittah Madieal Jonnul. Id Aog. 
18S4; liuwet, 2ft July 1864; Dr. A. W. lUrcUv 

I ia Madieo-Oiirannca] Tratuoclton-s 18ft5. Uriu. 
W.] J. F. P. 

HAWKINS. ED WARD (1 780-1 8«7), 
nnmismasi^t and antiqtian'. bom at Maccles- 
field on *» Mar 17?^), wa* the eldesr son of 
Edward Hawliini^ of Macclesfield, banker, by 
hts wife EUen, daughter of Brian ]Iodg«on 
of A^hbounie, Dert^slure. He wu educated 
at the Macelflsfield gtmnunar school, and pri- 
vately fron 1797 to 1799 by Mr. Onnert"], 
vicftrof Ksuangton, and father of th<> hh- 
toriait of Chealure. About 1799 he returned 
to Uaecleafield, and received a commission 
in a Yolantaer eorpa raised there. He wba 
em^oyed nnder his fiuber in the Maccle^fiL'ld 
fattUC amil 1803, wbra the family li^ft Mac- 
de»6eld,uid settled at Court Herbert in OLa- 
mOK^uwhire. While there he was a partner 
■mtth his fathfrr in a bauk at Svransen, and 
thn^eupeiintendedthecopperirork^at Ni-ath 
Abbey. In 1807 he left Courr Herbert, and 
lived frucceseiv^ly at Gtanbume, Drymon, 
and DvUis in North Wale^. At this time ho 
tamed his attention to bolAny, and wof elocted 
a fellow of the Linneaii Society in 18UU. 
A service of Swan»*a china. Imnd-painted 
for him from the illustraiions to Sowerby's 
* Botany/ to in the poBSGuioa of his son, the 
Kev. H' 8. Hawkins. He also formed n very 
Unpe ooUection of books and prints relating 
to ChaKer, and added a groat number of en- 
gnvingB 10 his copy of Orroerod'* * Cheshire,' 
now in the posseivion nf Mr. R. L. Kenyon. 
In 1816 his Cither died, l«AvinK heavy debt^ 
nhich Hawkins volunt&rilv chnived on his 
own estates. In 1819he took up hL< residence 
in Surrey, Gnt st Nuffield, and then at Ea^t 
JliU, OxW. In Iftil he was elected fellow 

^M the RovaI Society, of which he became 

Hppe-presicfvnt. 

^ In 1820 Hawkins was app<rinted keeper of 
ftntjqtiitiea (including at that time coins and 
medals and prints and drawings) at the 
British Museum, in suceeasion to Taylor 
Combe (for whom he had been deputv smce 
May lfl2.>t, und held the olfico till liis re- 
■ignaiioa at the dofie of 18^ {Statutes and 



Rule* of the BritUh Mnteum. 18711. He 

edited and contributed lu part t. s&d p&rts 
vii-x.ofthe *Di%wriptiono^ \n,i.-r >fArbles 
in the British Mu»t?um,*I~ .and 

completed and revi.sedthe* 1 ' _ r .if the 

AnErlo-GaUic Coins in the Bnii^di Museum,* 
18iU,4io,bep:unbvT.Combe. llawkinspoh- 
lished in lc41 (London, Bvo) 'The ^nr 
Coins of England/ the standard work on thft 
subject (2nd and 3rd edit ions bTR.L.KenT0Ot 
1676, 8vo, 1B87. 8vo). He iJso wrole a d»- 
scrtpttTe account of British medals, and an 
abridgment of part of thio work (to the e«d 
of the ivign of William Hi) wtw printed tn 
\^vi. The trustees nf the British Museum 
deeliQe<l to issue it, chit-fly on account of 
*if'Verel paragraphs in which Hawkins ex- 
pressed his strong protestant and tori- *ii>ws 
(cf. UaMartTf Debate, 13 JulylSol,ond .V>rf. 
I/lujtfr. i. p. vi). But when completed to the 
death of George H, and r^-viscd. with nddi- 
tionft, by Mr. A. W. Franks and Mr. H. A. 
Crueber, It ultimately ammared as a British 
Musi-um publication in 1885, with the litl^ 
*ModnUicIllu*tnitions oftheHistoTvofGrcat 
Brit ftin and Ireland/ London. 'J vols. 8vo. It 
U the standard work on the subject. Hawkins 
hadamtnateknowledgeofBritiah medals, and 
had formed a magnificent cnllection of them, 
which wa.spuirhafted fMm him by thi? IJriiish 
Mu*eum in ItS60. He also fomu'd a large 
cnllt'clinii of Englif»h political cnricalures, 
which wos purchased by the Briti.'jh Mitstmm 
in lt?<i8. Hawkins edited for the Chethom 
Society Sir W. Brereton's 'TraveU in Hol- 
land/ 18-14,410, and 'The Holy Lyfe. . .of 
Suynt Werburge/ 1848, 4to, He was pre- 
sident of the Numismatic Societv of London, 
and fellow (elected 1820) and vice-preaident 
(1858) of the Society of Antiquaries, to which 
he was much devoted. He cnntnbut^ to 
the proceudings of both societies. In lH4ti 
he was elected one of the treasurere of the 
Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. 

Hawkins died at his house. Lower 

' Berkeley Street, London, on zJ'J May 1667, 

' in the eiphty-eiirhth year of his age. He 

remembered Dr. Johnson, whom he had seen 

a few davs before Johnson*s death. Hawkins 

married,' on 29 Sept. 1806, Elixa, daughter of 

Major Uobde, and had three sons and a 

daughter: Edward, rf. 1867; Rev. Herl>ert 

Samuel, rector of Deyton, Sulfiilk: Major 

Rohde (see below); Mary Eliza, wife of 

John Robert Kenyon, Q.C. An excellent 

bust of Hawkins by Mr. Hamo Thomycrofl, 

R A., is now in the possession of the Iter. 

I H. S. Hawkins. 

HAWxxara, Muor Rohde ri8t^)-18dl), 

I thetlurdsan^bomat Nut6fld,Siirrtiy.4Feb. 

l&Xk, studied architecture, and in iVll wss 




Hawkins 



3o8 



Hawkins 



appointed trfivelling architect tothe expcdi- 
tinn Bent out under Sir Charles Fellows to 
Ctrift and Lycia. The Harpy Tomb at the 
itritiiih MuWum, and other antiquities, were 
psconatructed from his drawinff* and mra- 
Bupomenta. lie wa< afterwarutt Hp{x)int«f<l 
areUitect to the committee of council on edu- 
cation, lie died at I^tlanda, near Dorkin^c, 
19 Oct. 1884. 

[ProceMlingB of th« NamiRnnlie Society in 
Tii. II of ihe Numitniiitict'hronirte, partly bauxl 
on the Atliensam fur Id June 1867; I^rdScao- 
hof«')) notice to Proceed. Soc. Antiq. for 23 April 
1868; Pr«f. to lUvkins's Hedaltic lilustr.; 
SVard'a Men of the Reign, 188fi: infornmiion 
ttom Mr. Uavkimt's family, kindly furniBhed by 
hia graadaon, Mr. R. 1^ Kcoyoo ; pn^-tttu inftir- 
mation 1 W. W. 

HAWKINS, EDWAUD (l-fl9-188J), 
provoat of Oriel College, Oxford, was bom at 
ilath L'7 Feb. 1789. lie wa« the eldest child 
of Edward Hawkins, aucceasively vicarof His- 
Il-t in filoiiet'stfrshire and rector of Kolston 
in" Somersetshire, who died in lH<Mt. His 
family had posseased e8tat>>s in Northamp- 
tonshire, Warwickshire, and Worcesterahirt^, 
buteuH'ered ffreatly during the civihvar. Two 
of bin hroT hers, Cfleaar Henry and Francis, are 
I Mparntely noticed. Aft«r passing about four 
' Tears al a" school at Elmore mtiloucestershire, 
Edward was sent to iMfTchant Taylors' l?chool 
in February 1801. While he wa» a schoolboy 
be WH8 placed in r jjositinn of great responai- 
bilily by the death nf hii* father, who left be- 
bind him a widow with ten children, and had 
appniiited Edward one of his executors. In 
June 1807 he was elected to an Andrew ex- 
hibition at St. JohnV College, Oxford, and in 
181 1 graduBted B.A. with adouble first class 
(M.A. 1814. B.D. and H.P. 182«1. In 1812 
be became tutor of his collegi?, and in 1813 
bo was elected fellow of Orioi. 

With Copleslon, John Davison, Wbately, 
and Keble among its fellows, Oriel was at 
thi» time the most distinguished college in 
Oxfort). There Hawkins lived, first as fel- 
low and then as provost, for more than sixty 
vears. Becoming tutor for a few months to 
Viscount Caulfeild, son of the second Earl of 
Cbarlemont, he was in Paris at the time of 
Napoleon's escape from Elba in 1815, and 
Irft that city on the morning of the day on 
which Napoleon entered it, '20 March. De* 
voting himself to divinity h^ wa* nrdainutl, 
and in 1819 became tutor of bi« college. On 
31 May 1818 he preachi>d in the university 

{)ulpit perhaps the most remarkable of all 
lis sermons. The substance of the sermon 
was published in 1819, and wan reprinted 
by tlie Christian Knowledge Society in 
|lS8d, with Ihts title, ' A Diawrtation upon 



( 



the Cse tind Importance of Cnautboritativa 
Tradition.' Canlinal Newman, who as ta 
undergrndnate beard it preached, mits of it 
in his * Apologia ' (p. 37:^) : ' It made a loost 
serious impression upon me. ... He layi 
down a proposition, self-evident aa soon u 
slated, to those who have at oil exanungd 
the structure of Scripture, vix. that ihett- 
cred text was never intended ro teach dtc- 
trine, but only to prove it ; and that if we 
would learn doctrine we muj>l have recouiw 
to the formularies of the cburcJi ; for in- 
stance, to the Catechism and to the Creeds.* 
I lUwkins afterwards treated the ume sub- M 
ject more fully in his Bampton leciur**^ 
(I8J0) under the title, ' An Inquiry into th« 
connected U^es of the principal means of at- 
tjuning Christian Truth;' thette being th* 
acriplurea and the church, htunan reaaoaan^, 
illuminating grace. From 1833 to 1S38 ha 
wa« vicar uf St. Mary's, Oxford, a coU^ 
living. During his incuml>ency. and in a 
great meo.'ture owing to his en»T'p\-, the pn- 
sent internal arrangement of thn church wis 
carried out j and he is believed to have inlrv 
duced the Sunday parochial afternoon ser- 
mon, which afterward? became so famooa 
under his succesaor, Cardinal Newman, lis 
was select preacher to the universitT in 
181^0, 1B25, 1829, and 1843, and Wbitdiall 
preacher in 1827 and 1828. M 

On 2 Feb. 1828 Hawkins wna elected by ^ 
the fellows pnnoet of Oriel, in succvAsion to 
Dr. Copleaton [q. v.], appointed bishop of 
Llandan. The choice lay wtween Hawkins M 
and Keble, whose 'Chrirttlan Year' had jti*t fl 
been published; and Hawkins's election was 
in a great measure due to Pusey and New- 
man (at that time fellows of the college). ■ 
Newman had for some few years previous I 
been thrown very much in Hawkins's way, ■ 
ond ha<l become very intimate with him. 
He speaks of him with great afTection in liis 
'Apologia,' and teetifies to the advantage, 
both philosophical and theological, which»aa 
his junior by about twelve years, he derived M 
from his converaation. Annexed to the pro- f 
voBtHhip were a canonry at Rochester and 
the living of Purleigh inEstex. From 1847 
to 18<31 Uawkina was the first Ireland pro- 
fessor of exegeais in the university. 

Hawkins showed notable prescience by 
writing, when Thomas Arnold [q. v.], at one 
time a fellow of Oriel, waa a candidat« for 
the hctid-miu'tership at Rugbv in 1828, thut 
Arnold would, if elected, '^change thp face 
of educat ion all through the public schools of ] 
England.' Rut notwithstanding Uawkins'a 
grent qualities, bolhreltgious and int«Ueotnal, 
nisheadship waanotentirelv auccesaful, and I 
when Dean Burgon gives liim the title of] 



Hawkins 



:z^ 



Hawkins 



'the gnat prov.wt/thr -y.'.'z--: rr--.:Lrr- =. L:i 
^lulidcation. Hevas m: iiCT" — '=-t-~~-~ 
with the und^rzT^dua*.-:*, ti: ijrc TT-r-=.-> 
kind fluid consid^ni'T. i^ i mllT" t-x- -.i,* : t 
their welfare. In l'r31:L- Tir^-Ti-:??. yTT- 
mmn, Kichard Ilurrvll Fr"^;- '. t \ iri 
Robert AVilberfrrK-. wLjiei : rLii- --- 
changes in the Tcr--ril i-jv.^^. r^^rltH- -■ 
establish a m^Te i2,:i=:i:-e ■^::irT':'i.- "x->l 
their pupils. The pr.T ;*: rrrivi L-- i.?-y--"- 
mnd the thre^ tu::-r5 rrr-lr^ri. IIt =j.:-7 
energetic efforts :o s-pj-".,- -hTlr j'..i.>r tj 
lecturing; htnL^lf an i rrr-rinr Ii-a=. I»^^,'*l- - 
Uampden 'q. v." to aa-lr Li3i. r.i'. :i- :-:*.- 
1^ seems to tive n^vrr 'ijiitr rr-i-T-r-i 
their loss. In hii relj*::-=.* wlti. :":.- :'-"„; tts 
Hawkins was r-rv j-eali'-is :: ii- i::L-.r!--. 
As a member ol* th-r :--i * ir*:* i : nA iil 
board/ which expir«l :2 1t-%4. IliTilr* 
exercised jrreat inriurRc-^. Hr wi* &-, rr-" 
a liberal reformer, ba* a:*rrwirii *: u-> 
resisted all chan^v. II- ?;i-i wl:! r»r. 
Hampden at the time --f hU 4pr-"^:=:e::-. -> 
the regius proft^j^r-hip ■': •iW.i:.'.'.j '.r. l<>}, 
and oppose<l tht:^ •triCariin si iv- 2:^2".' 
When,inFebniarTl~4l.*hr Lrii* ::' L:.:*^* 
proposed a sentence ':■:' <.'"r. i-air.at::a on rhr 
famous Tract S"). Ha-K-a!:i' wa* cjmniis- 
flioned to draw up thr fi,'cum«rnt; and I'-r 
several years hi* life wii.s rajb-Tttrivl bv :h- 
stnif^le with the tract^irlan-. 

He was one of the h-ead* of hou.«»-s wh> 
supplied no official infonnati -n to th^ uni- 
versity commisi!>ioner^ app-^nnted in \*^'J: 
but when, in 18-Vl. a nifw r-rdrr "f thinj?* 
■was established both in th- coll-j»- and the 
university, he faithfully 1 how.>ver unwil- 
lingly) accepted it. In 1S74 a vici^pravo^t 
■was on Hawkins*^ petition to the visitorithe 
crown) appointed at <_>riel. and Hawkins at 
the age of eiffhty-fivt', finally l*rft Oxford. 
He retired to his hou>e in thV prrrcincts at 
Rochester, where he had almost always bi*en 
a reformer among hi.« ft-Uow-canon?. He pro- 
tested in vain in 1870 against the future 
severance of the canonry at Kochester fnim 
theprovostship ofOriel, and in 1^79 addres.'«ed 
a memorial to the Oxford Tnivereity com- 
missioners against the almlition at Oriel of 
the necessitv for all the fellows, except three, 
to be in holy orders. He died, afier a few 
days' illness, on 18 Nov. 1882, within three 
months of completing hi? ninety-fourth year, 
and was buried in the cathedral cemetery at 
Rochester. 

Hawkins was of middle size, or rather 
under, slender, with pale, finely cut, and 
beautiful features. There is a lifelike por- 
trait ot him in the common-room at Oriel, by 
Sir Francis Grant, taken when he was in hi» 
aixty-sixth year. He married on 28 Dec. 

VOL. IXT. 



» K-y Kirr Az=. B;--i>. wi. with 1 

iiict.*rr^ iz i z^y -'.i-s'. 5-:- L-icSiforshim; 
'!.- li.-Trr. f -rj: d 'z~ wr;-- * =:«r toueh- 
.zj: l:-.-: zs.' :':r ---1:- :->:-:liii:i.weiLt out 
- tI- r.\.~-:T<:-'-^' =_»*. - -■: •,Vs"t»1 Af-ica, 
I'i i-ri .r. !■«•:. x: tI- i^r ;:""Teciy-nine. 
rliTi^i -i.:--i MJ:---'< r»:»;-:-,'4l work*, 
"s-.:i z -''r-i :r^.zjL.ii.i^\~c:-ri. m i N*wton*4 
-:- :-i-rT.^-.*T:.iv;L*.t.»if;ri.I?24. He 

z^-'-^^'^.-^i'-^-^ -It. • TL^ K-t :.f IVI- 
Ti*-^ J : ij=.T- *.' ' 'xf: ri. i s>; * Tl:e i*r'>v;iice 

:f P.-.Ti-TJ-ir=:^-: i-irhe Rlrh: Conduct 

: Pr.TiTr J : ;l~4c: w^tLis th^ Lhu?eh of 
Ez^li- :.' Itt-j. OiLrrT ;■: lis wjrks ate: 
I. ■ L'.s.:-: :;rir« i:«:r. s-:-3ie vf "he Principal 
t/v'^r ^ ir. i rW :* :br H:-: rfcal S.^rlptures 
A'-Z' '•:; T^:A3:r— .' Oii.ri. lS53. ^vo. 
-. *A Ivr:"'-r . . . '^p-'S tLr *.hi*h*. I>i*pen- 
s4-.1.7-'^. ani ^ I'.^iT.y.'.-^zk t:-:L^ XXXIX Ar- 
•'.■■:\^: *.'.. ISJ-J. 3. *Th- Dutv and the 
Mr^n? -:■:" Pr-m-'inz Christian ^owledge 
w;tr.: jt Inir-iirinj Chrl*: :an l* nit y.* London, 
l*sJ*». \. 'Thr Ap>s:ol:cal Succession.* l»n- 
'i-n. lS4l*. .'j. 'The Nature and Obligation 
ri \y-^\-t\\c ^.'T'l-r.' L-md-^n. l>4i*. 0. *Ser- 
2:orj OS the Church.' London. 1>47. 7. 'A 
Manual f.r Christians: designed for their 
\'^ at any time after Confirmation.* Oxford, 
1*2^. thr m>;t pipular of his writings, which 
went thr«-.-;jh at least seven editions before 
1S70. r*. • j*ermons on Scripture Trpes and 
Sacraments," London. IS-ll. 9. * T^e Duty 
of Moral Courage.' t»xford, 1853. 10. *A 
Letter . . . upon the Future Representation 
of the I'nivfrsity of Oxford,' Oxford, 1853. 
11. * A Letter . . . upon a Recent Statute 
. . . with Inference to Dissent and Occasional 
Conformitv.' ISSo. \'l. 'Spiritual Destitu- 
tion at Home.' O.xford, I860. 1:1 * Notes 
upon Subscription, Academical and Clerical,* 
Oxford. lSt>4. 14. 'Additional Notes on 
Subscription,' &c.. Oxford, 18«H. 15. 'The 
Pestilence in its Relation to Divine Provi- 
dence and Prayer," London, 1807. 

[Cardinal Newman'f Apologiii pro Vita sua ; 
IXiin Burgou'sf Livi-s of Twelve Good Men, 'The 
Great Pruvost ; * if uardian. 4 Nov. 1874 p. 1413, 
22. 29 Nov. 1882 pp. 1640, 1675-6, 30 Jan. 1889 
p. 169; Thomas Moslem's Reminisrences of OrioU 
tec. vol. i.; personal knowledge and primte in- 
; quiries.j W. A. G. 

I HAWKINS, ERNEST (1802-1868), 
canon of Westminster, sixth eon of Henry 
' Hawkinsof Lawrence End,parish of Kimptou, 
' Hertfordshire, major in the East India ( om- 
i pany's ser^'ice, by Anne, only child of John 
I Ourney of lledfonl, merchant, was bom at 
Lawrence End on *1^ Jan. 1802, and educated 



Hawkins 



31 I 



Hawkins 



intul SfiiM,K 20<; Lawiulcs'sBilit. Mon. 
kBoha, p. 3023; Oliver's JesQil CoUuctionti. 
?tl4l T. C. 

lWKINS. FR.\N'CTS (1794-1877), 
CMin, bom at Itieley, Gloucestershire, 
TaO July 1794, ffos sod of ilie Ilev. Ed- 
IlAwkuu and brollicr of (.'ttsar Henry 
[q. v.] inil of Edwnrd Hawkins^ 
D. fa. T. I He w%» eflucated at Morchnnt 
flm' School (1605-ll>) and St. Jolin's 
Oxfitrd, wliorv he obtoiaed a fel- 
JMp. Ilr ti:aifie<l the NewJigntc prtsn in 
13^ tad ia IHKi tQ<ik a duttble second cIaas 
na ind mntliPinaticM. Hi.^ gradiinhM 
* '«'•' B.C.L. IHIII. M.B. 1820, and 
ril iK^-'i. Ill' was Qilraitted in- 

iilateofthoColU'fre of Physicians 

'Ajiril lKi»l, cnndidatf .'KtSept. lH2a, and 

liiw .*3t» S'jit. 1824. H(? bL-camephyaiciiin 

thr .Middh;!w?.x I!o5pitnl in 1834, rind in 

II. on chefimndaljonufihonit^dical faculty 

Kin;:''* (.'tdlf^pe, Ijoudon, he waa elected 

firrt prof<c*^r of medicine there. This 

n>^iunf<I in I Kin, and in lKi>t hi>>hfw- 

^Hiintment. IIcTvas phyair.iftn to the 

ouaebold in the reifrn of William IV, 

«]«9 ia the reign of Queen Victoria up 

wu for mviy years connected 

I Oollege of FhyucianK, in which ho 

i Ttriotu omoea, and gave the (iiilstonian 
9)» Croonian (\ii'27-S-9), and Lumleian 
' ~ - 1 ) lectures, a« well nn the Tlar- 
oration (1848). Kut his niu.it im- 
nt acrvicep to the college were rendered 
itrw, which office he held fortwenty- 
\ £rom SOSept. 1821*, only resiRninR 
Beregi<»tniraf thefteneral Medical 
I on it» foundation in 1858. in which 
.Jv be remained till 1876. In each of 
I emoca he waa very highly esteemed as 
% gttod ad Mini at ra tor and a courteoos ^entlo- 
sa«B, and in each instance a special vote of 
tiMaki, aecom»inie<l by a HImtsI honorarium, 
m« pnwrated to him on resigning ollice. 
He died, 13 Dec. 1877, in t>mdon. Hia 
portrait ta at iha MiddlcMcx lIoKpital. 

Ha^OM via twice married. Ity tua first 
dangler of Sir John Vaughan, he 
k and 000 daufffater. 

„ _ aa aa accomplished physician, 

gooial temperament mode nim Teiy 
^ ia profeauonal circles, and as a ^ood 
he waa a worthv representatire of 
tlwold *ch(x>l of univemity pliyucians. His 
Harvtftan oration in 1818 waa admired for 
ita ].Attn atyle. He wrola alao'IjeotureHon 
iihattmttiua and tonw Diaeasua of the Heart 
■adodurXBC«malOr)pkn»,*London,182U,8vo. 
rXwk'a Coll. of Pliya. UTS. iii. 286; lAiieet, 
MD»e.l«770 J.F.P. 




HAWKINS, OKOIWE 0800-1852), 
litho^praphic artist, bom inl809, was the son 
of (ieor^e Hawkins. He be^^n as an ar- 
chitei'tural rimiiglitjiman, but Huhaeqiiently 
turned hi.4 attention to lilho^phy, in which 
he waa rery succesaful. Ilia pencil was pecu- 
linrly correct and delicate, and hia know- 
ledge of etTect enabled him to produce pic- 
tures out of the most unpromising materials. 
For u long period he worked chifjfly for Messrs, 
Pay, the lithogmpliic printers. < >ne of his 
moat important undfrtakinjrs wna a series 
of the'Motuatic Kuin<4 of YorkHhire,' from 
sketches made by W. Uichardson, and with 
historical desrriptinnn by E. Churton, 2 vols. 
fol. Ynrk, 1K44 5tl. He was frcH|uent!y em- 
pliiyt'J by architects in colourinj^ their de- 
signs for various edifices, miiny of wli ich were 
exhibited in the architect ur«l ronra of the 
Rcynl Academy. Hawkins died at Camden 
itoad Villas, Camden Town, on 6 Nov. 1862. 

[GrDt.Miifi. 18S2, pt. ii. p. 665; Art Joarnnl, 
1852. p. 375] 0. G. 

HAWKOS, HENRY Hfi"! ?-lfUfi), 
joauit, bom in London in 1571 or 1675, was 
second son of Sir Thomas Hawkins, kut., of 
Naah Court, Kent, by Anne, daughter and 
heiress of Cyriac Pettit, of lioughton-under- 
the-Ble&n, Kent. John Hawkins [q. v.] and 
iSir Thomas Hawkins [<|. v.] were big bm- 
thers. Afler studving classics in the col- 
lege of the English jrauits at .Si . Omer, he 
entered the English College at Home, under 
tho assumed name of llrooke, on 19 Man:h 
ltt06-9. He received minor onlers in 161>% 
was ordained prieiit about the same time, 
and, after spending two vears in the study 
of scholastic theology, Wt for Belgium and 
entered the Society of Jesus about 1615. A 
manuscript ♦ status' of the Engliah College 
at Komo for 1013 fays that he was the ' son 
of n cavalier, lord of a cast le, a man of mature 
age, intrlUpent in atTairs of government, very 
learned in the Engliah laws, and that be had 
lefY a wife, office, and many other commodi- 
ttea and expectations, to become a priest in 
the seminaries.' Hawkins on coming to 
Englaad waa captured and imprisontHl. In 
1(118 he was sont into pen>etual exile with 
cloven other jcsntts, bnt, like most of his 
companions, soon returned to this country, 
where ho laboured, principally in the Lon- 
don district, for twenty-five years. Ho is 
named among the 'velerani mitwionarii' in 
the list of Jesuits found among the papers' 
seized in lb28 at the residence of the society 
in Clerkenwell. In his old age he withdrew 
to the house of the English tertian falhorsat 
Qbent, where be dit^d on 18 Autf. llWtJ. 
His works are : 1. X translation i' 







I:i-- ..,-r 



r 






" M^ -:■■. I- 

- -l-r.-. 'i:. - 



■■ ■ •^- :\: - :. V 






.\'. k:x> :{a\vkvn>. 



\\ 



: ■! 
■ - \ 



\\ 



Hawkins 



Hawkins 



tliow Toyftg«« WAA probably in lo<>l. lie had 
■facttdy, in or about 1>>>H, mairietl KatLariui', 
dang'bter of lienJHinin li'mmin, irvaJiurvr of 
lhf;riavv.lh«w>nofWiiruunOon*on,trea>Tirer 
of the ntt\'>' Wfore him and captain of the 
Mary (imet' in 1613, when IlawVyn*'* fattier 
wiiHprwiuniably masUT of tlur Great tjollrv. 
Witli llifi assistance of Ui» futlitr-in-law and 
of utbcr influential fritmds, including Wyn- 
ler, another principal officer of the navy 
[tee Wtjcter, Sir \Vii,luji\ who liecame 
'liberal contributors and adventurers,' he 
Jtt^d out three g'.>o<l «hipA, and Mtiled from 
Enfflond in C>ctober XoO'J. After toiurhinj^ 
at TenerirtV, be juiitsed on to Sierra Leouc, 
and tht^re obtained, 'partly by the sword and 
|MrtIv by other means,* whicb included the 
plutuierinf^ of Portu^cM vesseU (Portu- 
roeee depoattioos in f>tnte Papert^ For. July 
l56P), 'three hundr>.'d n«jgToe« at the least, 
beside? other merchandiM^ which that cuuti- 
yieldeth/ and 'with that prey lie ^ileil 
r the Ocean »ea unto itie inland of Ili^ 
iola/ at the wveml port« of -which, 
*^ standing always upon his (niunl, and trusi- 
inf^the SpaniarilD no farther tluui that bybi;) 
own strength he was able still to master 
them.' he sold his Knglish wares, and all his 
negroe)*. ' He received, by way of exchan^, 
hide**, (ringer, sujnirs, and some pearls,' with 
which he loaded hifi own three t»nip8, Wflides 
freighting 'two other hutk^ with hid»8 and 
other like commotlities which he sent into 
Spain.' He arrived in England tn September 
1663 (H-AKLUTT, Pfineipal ynvigatiotu^ iii. 

TheSpaniiih laws against unlicensed trad- 
ing to the Spanish eoldnies were very strin- 
gent, and the two ^hips which Ha wkyrn^ »ent 
to Seville were seized a« smugglers. Hamp- 
ton, the companion of Hawkyns's voyage, 
who had taken charge of thetn, would have 
beon thrown into prison hnd he nor hastily 
fled the country. Ilawkyn^ and hiti frien'la 
were anxinna to recover the Hhip« and their 
confiscated cargotw, and did not scruple to 
B«Mrt that they 'were driven to .San Do- 
minga by force of weather, where they had 
desired llcenne of the judges of the island to 

"' certain -alares, to victual themselves, and 
iv their men ' ( CW/. State Paprr/i, For. 
ia.'Xo. llQrt, 8 Pec.) .\ll this, however, 
availed tlK-m nothing. Six months latter 
the Enplieh aintjHAiuidor at Madrid wrote to 
Uawkyn!!', advising him to come to terms 
with (tome favnuriu* of the king, by the pro- 
tniM'nf fuur thousand or five thousand dncots 
(lA. l.VM-T., No. TiVi, 5 July 15tt4): but no- 
thing: rtt-ems to have been recovered. Haw- 
liyn» estimated the losa at about 20.000/. ; but 
thr profilaof tlie voyage were »till very Urge. 





A «econd expedition on a larger scale waa 
ppevdily «et on foot. Furvmost among th« 
ad^nnturers were the £arl of Pemhn)ke and 
I-rtr^l Koh^rt I >udley, aAerwanht Earl of Lei- 
ci^ter. The queen was induced to lend the 
Jf>us, a ship of Mven handred tons, which 
Iiad been bought from Lubeck in the reign 
uf Henry VllI (DERRICK, Mrmoin of the 
Jioyal Artry» pp. 9, 11), a loan which pn>- 
bably involved an Interc^ in the expedi- 
tion. In the Je«tis, with hia former ship 
the Solomon, and two smaller vessels, Haw- 
kyn$»iiled from Plymouth on 180cl. 1/MM, 
and arrival at Tenerifle on 7 Nov. Here the 
Sjianiards were no longer friendly, and it waa 
with dilHculty that the tthips wem* ()ennitted 
10 refit. Coming on the c(>a.4t of Africa, the 
nativea were everywhere hoctile. On 27 Dec. 
llawkyni attadud a town, where ho hoped to 
make many prisoners, but wa« repolsed with 
the losaofaerenmen slain and twonty-«eTcn 
wounded, taking away only ten nt^groee. 
Other at tempta were more fortunate, and on 
1*9 Jan. 15<U-5 the fihips saile<l 5-om Sierra 
Leone, liavingiui bnurd u ' creat company of 
nt-groeV but ill prrjvided with water, (.'alma 
unil hatniug wind» made iliu voyage long. 
When at lost, on 9 March, they name to 
Ilominica and landtfd in search of water, 
thev * could find none but min-woter and 
«ul4i ui* fell from the hills and remained as 
a puddle in the dale, whereof they filled for 
the negTi»es.' At Burburata, on llie coaKt 
of Venezuela, where thev first aUempted to 
trade, leave was refu**fd, strict ordtTS hav- 
iitg been u-nt fr<»m Sftain prohibiting nil 
tratlic with any foreign nation. Iluwliyns 
wished to argue the jKiint, but the orders 
were positive; noon 10 April he landed 'a 
hundred men well armed, . . . with the which 
he marched to the town wards/ and so con- 
strained I he governor to come to terms; Hft*r 
which a rtatisfactory trade wasopt'ned, and a 
gtvHl many uf the negroes were dir<putted of. 
At Hio de hi Hachn they were met by the 
same prohibition. Hawkins again attempted 
argument, not unmixed with falsehood ; he 
said that 'he was in nn armuda of the ipieen's 
majesty's of England, and aent about other 
her afi'airs, but, driven besides his pretended 
voyage, was enforced bv contrary windt* to 
come into tlioise piirls.* As the Spaniunla 
still rtdused, Hawkyus sent them word * lo 
determine either to give him license to trade, 
<»r else stand to their arm»>.' Ou 2\ May he 
landed 'oue bmidred men in armour* with 
two small guns, the fire of which produced 
thedcsiredettect.without any actual collision. 
After this the tralRcproceededquiellyenougli, 
and the whole cargo woe disposetl of within 
ten day a. Tbey then sailed northwards, 



Hawkins 



214 



Hawkins 



[passed tbe west end of CuIm, through the 

' Gulf of Florida, and so alonj; the coast of liie 

xuainland, looking for some plncc to water. 

In the river of May, now St. John's Kiver 
(■\ViN90iu Hi*t. of America, u. 204-r)>, they 
found a French colony, commanded by M . Lau- 
donni&re, in a state of do«iitution. Uiiwkyns 
relieved their tmmedintH wnntK, and oOVrud 
to carry thpm to France; but l^autloiiniert' 
declined, not knowiiijr, he Rays,* how tht!cafi»^ 
aiood between the French ami the Knj^lish,' 
&nd doubtinj:^ alao le^t llawkyus migbt ' ot- 
} tempt eomewhat in Florida in the name of 
liis mi»trt:ss.' Finally, he agreed with Ilaw- 
'l^iui for tbe purehoEe of one of his small 
r insBclB, with a (quantity of provisLomi and 
storeSf ^viiif^ a bill for the pnc« arreed on ; 
for he was afraid, \w sap, to pay in silver, 
* lest tbe que^nof Encland, seeing' the same, 
should be encDuraf^eJ to M:t foot infr there. 
At the ^anie time lie bearA witiieKS that 
Hawkyn.^'woa the reputation of a good and 
ckaritahle man, deserviufr to be esteemed as 
mucli of us all, as if be hutl saved all our lives' 
(Maukuax, p. 09). By doing tliis, howe%'ur, 
Ilowkyns lied incurred a serious rii*k ; the 
liomuward voyage was prolonged by contrary 
"Winds ; they ran short of provisions, and were 
for a time in great danger, from which they 
were relieved by a large take of cofl on the 
banks of Xewfoundbind, anil afterwardft by 
falling in with n noiipte of l-*rt!neh ships, from 
whnm they purchaseii Nuflioieni for ibeir 
needs. Un 20 Sept. they arrived at Padstow, 
after a voyage described as * profitable to 
tbe Tonturers, as also to tbe wholo realm, in 
bringing iomc both gold, silver, pearls, and 
other JL-woIs great store' (iff. p. iM). On 
23 Oct. the Jesus was received ngain into 
the cliarge of the tiueen's olKcers, I he Karls of 
Pembroke and Leicuster paying nOiH. for the 
expense of refitting her. No mention is made 
of tlio further profit which accrued to the 
queen. 

Tbe success of these two voyages brought 
repute to Uawkyns as a skilful and prudoiit 
aunmander, and won bim favour in influen- 
tial quarters. Arms were grunted to him: 
sable, on a point wovy a lion passant or ; in 
chief three Wants : and for a crest, a demi- 
Moor, proper, in chains. The enormous pro- 
Htt^ suggested ni'W voyages. The Spaniard:*, 
keenly seuhihieof the danger which these ex- 
peditions caused to their monopoly, repre- 
wnted ihc matter so strongly to the queen, 
that ulie was compolle<l to put on tlie appear- 
ance, at least, of prohibiting ihem. Uawlcyns 
had intended to sail again in the following 
year, but was prevented by the council, who 
bound hira over not to go near the West Intiies 
nor to break tbe laws of the king of Spain 



(Cal. State Papers, Horn. 13, 31 Oct. i:HiG%| 
lie accordingly gave up the intended voya^ 
though possibly his ships wont under sou 
tither commander. Pe Silro, the Spanislrl 
ambassador, alleged that they did go; tnf- 
ticked, smuffgled.ond plundered. and ret oraej 
'loaded wiui gold and silver' (^Fhoiuje, viii,] 
07) ; but the statement was based on vagna] 
riimoun*. and jiwms extrt?niely doubtful. lai 
l"»<i7Hawky us resolved u^wn anothprvoyagMij 
uiid this time met with no hindrance. TU»| 
queen, indeed, seems to have been pcrsonallf 
one of the adventurers, so far, at anj rate, oC'j 
lending the Josoa for the Torago; but th' 
assuredly did not confer on Hawkyns &ni 
claim to oe considered an officer in the quoeni 
Htir^'ice. 

«, While Hawkyns was at Plyniniith pr 
paring for his voy ago, some Si»anish ships fron 
the Ixiw Countries came into the Sound and 
stood on, apparently meaning logo into Cat- 
water, where HowVyns, with his shii>s, waal 
lying. IlawkyuBCDnsiderodtbat tnthesmaltjj 
and already crowded harbour there was no 
room for them, and, not to los-' time in ex- 
postulation, Ktoppt'd their ndrance by firing. 
at them. Thyy immediately struck lboirfla| 
and anchored outside, where the next duj 
some private ship, Dutch or English;, layin 
the admiral on board, rescued u number 
pritioni'rs who were being carried to Spainj 
but nf this Hawk^-ns protested he hod 
knowledge till afterwords. Tbe Sponiav^ 
wrote to bis ambas.sudor; theBmbasaadorseDf 
an angry represeutation to tbe queen ; Haw- 
kyns was called on to explain, and tbe affair 
was smoothed over diplonmtically. Rut fnon 
first to Inst, no mention was made ()f the in*^ 
, Kult tu the English Hag, which, according ' 
the incorrect storj- written many years ultcj 
wards bv Hawkyns's stin, wnathe imme<li»t 
I cause of the dispute (Markham, p. Ill); ct 
! State Pavers, For.,/De Silva to the (^ueer 
I U Oct. (?N.8.) 1#07; ' De Wnchnie to 

t>3 Oct. (P Sept.) \mi ; Statf Paftert, Donl.1 
I xliv. m ; Hawkyns to Cecil, 28 Sept. 1507 

Fkoude, viii. 68-9). Long before the nues- 

! tion was settled, Ilawkyns sailed from Vlj-i" 

mouth on 2 Oct. in command of a siiuadrol] 

consisting of, bcsidi'S the Jesus, the Minion 

j anotherqneen'ssliip, and four smaller vecsplaj 

I one of the latter whs the Judith, commonde 

I by Fmncia Drake [q. v.], a kin^unan, po^nsiblj 

, a nephew of Ilawkyns, with whom be wi 

now for iho first time associntod. 

As in the previous voyagoa.TIawkynfi vretA 
la Sierra Leone, took part in native wa 
os^aidtfd and set fire to a native town 
eight thousand inbabitauts, plundered Pov- 
tugnese vessels to the omouj^riMKiu de- 
posed, in wares and negroesj 



d 



Hawkins 



zi: 



Hawkins 



«cgt 



rorV*5»«Wr Urn, X90U amA fii^?, 
hATUig uihH Willi mme fivi liaaJi i J aecroM, 
•ftiledfartbe'Wcrt Im&& JI^mb hs h^ a 
tiriirr" "^'*'*r* toDiaMaM»: acaiBbe fawed 
b M ^ S|wns>^ « Rao de U Hacktt, 
ke aokl two koBdzvd of tbe DtymuL 
avjr AotKo' n>ort Co ai^ ke^ad 
lui onaRpaBMaa £mMed of tlwir ran aloa; 
lJu,G|iikli —in At Caan M^ m mm thm g iw c om 
fiof«d ^nte fltxid, sDd •» their 'tMe««s 
ao -UBW flashed/ nd tSw Imrieaae acaaoa 
tTff giiny Oik. tlM left the oesst oo 34 Jahr 
^Mabkiuk, V- « S), mie«dia|r» it is imjlied, 
lo fttSB vp liie oout of FkHMlm, u ia tbe 
ibrmar Tofm^, aad co boae, Bm «*i4v ia 
Aufnut, off tlw west «9d of C^lia, Accordi^ 
^ to nairlnritf*> ovb itonr, attann lastiag^ fear 
^^br» * ao' l>«t the Jens that -we . . . were 
HHjEber u)vm tl^ paiBt to leav« hrr than to 
I Wep her aay kt^per; y«- boping to brag 
all to good paM, •oog^ the oowt of Honda. 
vbere we fiouid no plan dot hareo for oor 
flhipa beeaueaf tbe«ia2l(nnie« cf the coart.* 
* A new etorm. -which oontinoed other three 
days,* finallr drnvf> t hem int<> ' t ht- \n>n which 
aenvth th'? citv of Mtiuro, calkKl Saa Joan 
<l«Liia'u4) 

The truth of Ilawkms's explanation of his 

to^sau Jiiande Lua isoxtremelydoiibt- 

time? before he had attributed 

in a Spanish port to ' firce of 

'/ as soon na it appeannl likely tlut 

might be called to account for being there. 

ii far from improbable thai he again did fo 

thia occasion, when it was more than ervr 

for him to make nut a plausible 

For m far from 'their trade being near 

ished'when they n'sched Cartagena, we 

lowthnt they Iiad on board at San Juande 

4a fiftv-aeven ne^rroes 'oi>limi ir«nfris/each 

Lined at l«K)/.,ora total of' 9.1 A>/. ( -Schedule 

propiTtylw't,.SVfl/('/*a/j*T*,Itora.EIiral>'t!i, 

1.), unti tluit they had previously made in- 

iirif* n& to the price of slaves at Vera Cruz. 

" ,H inffrvnce is that Hawkvns had predetor- 

ned to sell the negroes tfiere. and that tb? 

;onn — if there wba one — merely gave colour 

to his usnal pretext. 

On IQ Sept. bn anchored hi« squadron in 

the narrow harlraur, now more familiarly 

known a* Vera Crii/, which la formed by the 

^■Qow-lying little iHlKod of San Juan, opposit^^ 

^^Ko the loMrn, and backed by wido-extvndini; 

^^MboaU (cf. Uahpier, I'oya'jes, tuI. ii. pi. ii. 

^^&. 125). The next day tlm fleet of Spain, 

^"consisting of thirteen grt'ol ships, appeared 

[ outside, imd Ilawkvn* sent word to the 

gy>n'^nd tbiit h»j would not sutfcrhira toenler 

th>- i>otlJEiliipnt a pledge for the mninttMiaiici' 

I, he says, quite able to have 




hqpl has oas/bHi did bm xtaoimn to do mv 
'ftna^ <ha Qmca'i Itifaity's hwtigaarioM 
im a* TO^itT a ■ancr.* Ihe ^aaieh fle««. 
iifiimaiU i1 a vahw of nmAf tma aailliaM 
4etlia& aad there waa bo etfcer pact oa th* 
cnaM ia which H ea«ld iSkAm ia Iha atenay 
•oMdft. iin<i ni»» ilM^'amniilMBHililia 
iBieffhsB^ «f f hdgw «f ftmot sad amvtjy 
the ^pttuah in* ortoad the pert oa A» 
30th (JlAxnuir, pi 76 ; Hawlma's Dmn- 
taoa. Stmt* Pttfert^ Don. EUl lm.> t'nJbt^ 
tvaatcif w luiY ooly Hawkriu's own a^ 
ooont of this oegotkatioQ. as well as of what 
fiiUmred. AccoroingtohimtheEngtighscm- 
Mkmlr otB B iml ue cmditMBa. while tbs 
^tniaids hearts w«r« fiUed with tmM^rr 
from the first. He admits, ii>deed. that he 
tbomghly mistrusted the Spaniards; and it 
is cwtain that the SpamaTd!> bxtkc^d on Haw- 
knfcs and hide men a.s ilauirerou? smu^bMs and 
piniea. It is thus impii^ble to eav exaetlr 
bow the quamd hnike out ; bnt on i^o morn- 
ing of the 21ih a fierce caciMatair bc^aa. 
Hawkyns. caught in the caumlul harbour 
at a terrible disa^lrania^ deflaided himM>1f 
most stubbornly, but the odds against Uim 
w^retoo gn«t. The Spaniards lRntb\t targe 
numbers of mm on the island, matlp then^ 
K>lTes masters of the battery -n-hich Have- 
kyns had cotis-tmcteil there, and turned its 
fire against the English tMx^. Ont* of the 
smalK'r vesaels was sunk, two others wi»rB 
captured, the Jeaus "was ditEmasteii and help- 
leas: Hawkyns's one hopp w'a^ lo defend 
her till nightfall, and then in the dark to 
get her treasure and provisions on K^ard 
the Mtninn and put to sea. The Sjianiarda 
antictpate<l him; they sent down two Urn- 
ahijts, which threntone*! both tin* Ji«u» and 
M iniott with iiLstant dest rurt ion. Tin- M inion, 
which was at tbt'ttm«> nlnngsiite theJe-tus, 
made sail without, waiting for onleni. Ilaw- 
kyns and some of hisi slii|Mnnt4<<i Kjirnng and 
got onlhiftnlher; othfrsapiwin-nlly managttl 
to reach her in a boat ; tht' rest, n'umining on 
board the Jesus, wetv made pri^inen< when 
the Spaniaxda took poaaetsiooof tlie»hipnnd 
all the treasure on board, amounting to at>nut 
100,000/., the result of the pit-viouf« iraflir. 
The Minion and Judith aUtno sumnKlM in 
getting to sea. Their rigging wn.*»lmttrnMl, 
they had lost their nuchoni, and they went 
short of pruvisions. The two Hhiii» ^wrtrd 
company in thednrk, each uppnrenlly having 
as much as Bh" could do to look out for ht«r- 
self The Minion had nWiut two hundred 
mt-n crowdeil IngrtJitT itn lnwril, with in- 
(tutHcient provision-^, rlot!n'», mid heddiitg: 
and, after enduring fxtrrinc privftlion" fof 
about tlirnp wet-ks, finding no rcHnf ntirirf***'- 
bility ofiibtainingsupplit's/ouriK'opK'jDeing 



Hawkins 



3l6 



Hawkins 



foTTcdwitli kungvT, defttnd to he <^t a Und; 

I (March AH, p. 79). A hundiwl of t hem were 
[therefnTP Undwi in »h<j bottom of th*- (»iilf 
of Mt-xiL'O: and having taken on bo«ni lioiue 
iratffr. the Minion with the others and ' the 
little remains of rict iiaU ' put t o sea on lOOct. 
|J|jBh«ran inrnc^ldcrwfftl her' our men, Wine 
««ed witli famin*s dit^i cintinuAlly ; ana 
t[iPT that were left frrew into such wwaknwa 
tiiAl we were i^cantly able to mameu^Te our 
ip 'f iod the wind being alwavfi ill for ua 
Ito rvcoTcr Englund, determtDcd to go with 
Oftlicia in Spain ' (lA. p. WJ |. (.»n the last day 
of December thty arrived at Ponte \'edra, 
nnrVigo. Therethemen* withexceuoffre^h 
meat . . . died, a prvat part of them : ' but 
Hawkyixfi, getting tbe Minion roand to ^''if|:o, 
wu UButed by^ some Kngti^ih ^hip^ lyimr 
Uiere, entered aome frestli hand.x, and sailed 
on 20 Jan. I5Gs-0. On theifttli he inchnred 
in Mounl'« Iky; Drake, in ihe Judith, had 
arrived with the news five days earlier. 

Uawkyns's first idea was to fit out another 

r expedition to the .Spanish main, to reltmM* 

liis commded ted behind ot i^n J utui de Lua 

itnd in the Gulf of Mexico, and to avenge 

biff own losses. But liia reputation was under 

a cloud; the adventurers had lost t heirmoney ; 

thequeen liadl<wt her elitp; and neither were 

pretwred to fiend him out Bfrain, at any rate 

until his conduct had been jdrictly inquired 

into. C<jcil, too. looked with no frien<ilyeye 

. on the trade in negroes, or the gemi-pirutical 

[adventure of which Uawkyns was accused ; 

ad EUiabeth rcalii*t-d that Spain would not 

[•Iways be tolerant of her connivance nt this 

[illegal traffic. }Iawkyn» was forbidden to 

* go on his nrop08e<l voyage or lo attempt the 

releaae of liifr friendi* by force. He waa com- 

pelbwl, therefore, to search for other mease. 

The Spaniards, enmgrd at the Atoppnge of 
tbelienoe*e ducat* on their way to tiie Duke 
of AUo, won' «t ihis time me<lilating an in- 
vasion of England ; they believinl t hnt a great 
many English were disaffected to the queen's 
gnveniment, and were anxious to find out 
what support they might expect from the 
mnlcontcnis. At least aa early as August 
1570, and probably some months earlier, 
Hnwkyna made overtures to Don Gueran de 
Espca, the Spanish am bn.'^sador, spoke bitterly 
of the ingratitude of the government, and 
asked Gueran to interest himself in obtaining 
tliereleHse of the prisoners. Gueran suggested 
t* the Siiftnish jrovemment thut it might be 
worth thflir while to win this nmn to their 
side by acceding to his reijuest. Tlie AiiKgi^A- 
tion met with no rBpponse ; but HawUyns 
still hoping to gain his en<l, led l>on Guernn 
to believe that he wus willing to enter the 



Mipaiitdi lervic^, and to curry over with him 
theboetof the ijueen's ships and of the Eng- 
lish sailors. Finding that bla ncgotiatiami 
did not advance, be oMpatcked Gecnge Fit»- 
wiUiani, who had been with htm in hu SMond 
voyage 0<^'P-*^-l)> into Spain, to communictte 
directly with the kinir. Fitxwilliam was ao- 
thoriaed to say that Hawkyns was a fiiithfol 
Mn of ib^ rburcit, that be was looking for- 
ward to the time when the queen ahoutd W 
overthn>wn, that he was ready to paas over 
to the kine s serrice, bnnging with him tbe 
English fleet ; the men would follow whe^< 
he led; the kiog need only paj their usml 
wages, and advance the money neceasairfor 
the equipment of the shipe; ibr hinueu be 
de«ired nothing t:>eyoDd the release ctf a few 
prisoners at Seville who were not worth tb* 
cost of keeping ( Kkoidk, \x. 510-1 1). Philip, 
at first incredulous, liegan at la^t to entertAin 
llawkyns's offer*- He desired FiLzwilliam, 
as a proof of hij* sincerity, to biing him a 
letter from the Queen of Scotn, explaining; 
what she wanted done. M'ith tbecounivance 
of Burphley, with whom Ilawbvns was m 
communication all along, Fitrwilliam had on 
interview with Mary, and received tbe 
(luisitc papers, which tmubled Burghley ta 
track out the Kidoiti plot. Philip's suspictoa. 
wasdisanned. lie liberated the prisoners at' 
Seville, and gave them ten dollars each i 
they might not arriie in England penniless: 
be sent Ilawkvns 4u,00u/. for the equipmenL 
of the promifii'd ships, together with a |Hitenb; 
constituting him k grandee of Spain, 
whole intrigue wa«dirty enough: and ihougl 
Ilawkyns entered into it primarily lo recov 
the libeirty nf his impri&iined shipmates, an' 
secondarily, to further Biirghley's ]tuliuc 
ends, he was u\»o keenly itentfible of t' 
value of the 40,000/., which he rvgnrded 
part compeuhation for his losses (il>. ix. 
5;i0). While this negotiation was going oi 
nBwkyn>4 seems lu have been engaged in ai 
other with an fxoclly opposite purpow. O 
25 Mav 1571 Walsvnghum, theu ftmhai«ad 
nt Paris, wrote tn liiirghley that be was d»^ 
sired by Count Loui?* of Nassau to move th< 
queen *to license lliiwkvns underlmnd t_ 
serve him with certain ships,' and this wn« 
repeated in almost the samp terms nn 12 Aug.' 
(CaL State Pajtfr*, For. Ser. 15H1)-71, No8» 
172i>, lOiiO; DiaoES, Vomplettt Asnbagsador^ 
pp. lOM, !:>*;). There can be little doubt tl 
Count Ijouis hnd a previous understanding 
with Hawkvns; hnt it does not appear thai 
ihi^ queen gave the requisite license, or 
lliiwkyns engaged in this service. 

It wiui about, this time that Hawkynjt 
coived an augmentation to the arms alreod 
granted iti 1505— ou a canton or,an escalloj 



i 



Hawkins 



ai; 



Hawkins 



etwven two palaer^sEtans nble. Heiru 
I member (or Ilvmoatk in tLe MrUam^nt 
2. C^ 11 Ocx. \b7A he bftd « n&rrow 
■pc of his life, Wiiw itabbed, u he vw 
J alouff the Stnaa la eompanj' with Sir 
f WiUi&m W rater, br one Peter Bnrrhett, ■ 
pentlem&n of the jiliddle Temple, who, in 
a fit of fknitical fury, mistook him, ms he 
«iid,for?»ir(.'hri«tophcr Halton [q. v/ Haw- 
krns wm« dangeruuslr wounded. The qup«n 
sent her oim lurgeon to attend him, and was 
desiioiMof having Burchetl hanjred forthwith 
by martial law; but that, sht* was persuaded, 
was illegaL *->n 12 Nov., boweYcr, he wa* 
hanged on a gibb^-t eivcted on the »pot where 
he had slabbed llawkTn^.Utdng^bt bandbein^ 
previouily cut otTaud nailed cverbeaJ (Srow, 
Annals, ed. Howe, p. 677 ; S*TRirE, Annah, 
Oxford edit. vol. ii, pi, i. p. 427; yxRirE, 
U/e of Parkfr, Oxford ed. ii. ^W ', Wriuht, 
tfwftt FJizabfth andhtr Tim^*, i. A^I; SOAXfSy 
JCiiiaftftAan HeliifioUM JJint'jty, p. 197). 

Shortly before this Uawks-os had sucv 
eeeded to the office of IreaBurer of the navy, 
previoudy held by his father-in-law, Ben- 
]amin Gonson, the reTer>ion nf which hod 
been secured to him Nime years before. To 
1 hiB W)'re present ly added the duties of comp- 
troller of the navT: end theae important func- 
t tona he exerci«ea during the remainder of big 
life. Ilifl experience aa a seaman and sliip- 
nwner enabled him to appreciate and adopt 
uoanv improvfments in th*:- building and ng' 
of tbe Abips of the navy. He made them 
naore weatherlv, by lowering the huge castles 
At the bow andstem.and fuater, by increasing 
their Length, and so giving them tiner lineti. 
He al#o introduced chain pumpit, boarding 
nettinga, a new Ah»'atliing, the uite of the 
vline, and the meth<>d of striking top- 
»r«. Of some of these iiuprovementa he 
powibly the inventor. ( Hhen were pro- 
bably due to, amoiig others, llichard Chap- 
man, a private shipbuilder at Dt'pt ford, whose 
yard vnt in clof« proximity to that of the 
navy, and with whom Hawkynfe was for many 
Tears more or less directly in partnership. 
Ybia partnership, and the almost uncontrolled 
pow^pr then exercised by the treasurer of the 
navT. gave rise to a Huspicinn that, with two 
yardt j*o convenienlly itituatfil, Hawkyns 
worked them both to his pecuniary advantage. 
It was alleged that iilup.t in Cliapnian's yard ' 
were budl of govcmmeut timber, and fitted 
ont witli government stores; that llawkyns 
bought limber at a low rote, and sold it to 
theqiiL-eii at a considerable ailvance; that he 
pAHserl olT inferior hemp and other articles a* , 
the \if^t, and ent«red them as such in his ac- 
rountfl; that when at the point of death, al'tr-r ' 
he hkd b«en olabbed by Burchett| he had made j 



hb will, and al tlux cine had Dot abora SOOi^ 

to- dispoae ot, and th^ aine* tkn he * was 
great It enriched by hia nadeifatBd aamw«- 
nHfnt, and had accumulated ■ concidcrahli* 
fortune br his*unju5t and deceitful dealing* * 
( State Pitprr», Dora. Eliz. cciv. KM 7, 1 \ SI ; 
LanMtomf MS. vol. iii. cap. 43). It i» not 
correct to say that theae charges wen^ pot 
aside as idle calumnies lM*lUEni.H, p. s.m). 
They were B«y. indeed, formaliv inquired into; 
bat Durghlev quietlv wtisfiMl hun8»tr that 
they wvre not unfounded, and drew up a set of 
stringent n^ulation*. intendrd topre\ en t such 
abiLv-Tt in flit ure. noting on the rough draA in 
his ow u hand, ' itemembrances of abuse« past ; 
John Ha« hyns wa* half in the bargain with 
I'eter IVtt and Matthew Baker,' the master- 
shipwright and &torvkeeper respectivclv ta 
IVptford diwkyard {Cotton MS. (Hho E. 
viit. 147 ; cf. State Papertt^ Dom. Klii. ociv. 
18 ; I>'£wB», Compteat Journal . . . thrvuyif 
out the Jiaym of Quten Elizahttk, n. 5U)a). 
It seems very probable, however, tuat these 
charges, irrv^ponsibly made, wen* mtich ex- 
aggerated. .Mons(^n, who knew a great deal 
of what was going on, refers to TIawkyiu 
aa 'perfect and faone#t in his place,' in com- 
paristio with the nTfonn*Ml adminisimtions of 
the succeeding reign (CiirRCBiLL, iii. SflS); 
and in 15J*8 tlie ship« 6tted out by llaw- 
kyns wi're i*uual to the very sevrrx- iw^vice 
thev were called on to perform. iJn 1*1 Feb. 
of that year Lord Hotvard wrote to Rurghley 
that, as llawkyns was ordered to the court 
* to answer in the matter of hii» ban^in for 
the novv, he could testify that the jdiips were 
in excellent condition' (Oi/. State Papmt^ 
Dom.); and in the August following, the 
thorough efficiency of the shi]M iiflbrded un- 
doubted proof that they were not, a.^ had been 
alleged, caulked with ntt ten oakum, or riggvd 
with twice-laid roi»e. 

\\Tien the licet was mustered for the 
defence of the country against the Spanish 
Armada, Hawkjua was captain of the Vic- 
tory, one of the new shipa which had bci-n' 
built At Deptford under his own supervision. 
While at Plymouth he commanded in the 
ihini post under the Innl ndmiral and l>rake, 
and was a meuibt-r of the council of war 
which the udmiral consulted ' on every ques- 
tion of moment ' ( State Paper*, I>om. Eli/ji- 
beth. ccxi. 37, Ilownrd to Wulsytighnm, 
lit June). When the fleet was extended from 
•Sc illy to I'sbant in three divisions.Huwkyn^ 
had comuaud of the inshore squMlron lowardit 
Scilly (i*A. ccxii. 16, llnword to Wulsvup- 
ham, 6 Julv)- As n^ar-adniirnl he tooV an 
active part in the several engagements with i 
thp Sjuni^h fleet in the Channel, lH>ginningl 
^l July; and especially iu that olV the I^Ini 



Hawkins 



Hsvkins 



OuA 



Wkls m thm iStk, am tfe iiiia^ «r , ^1 
luBfc dvr, M •ikm9W%idAmmt alUmamml 
md^a, W. UMlMr vM FnMAer («r]i^ 
■r >iAd I^offdTWaaHaHo«M4.TMfcBUtfaA 

lU lord wfaanl on dw dKk cT tfe JUL 

t tha Bcst daj tfe i«S «m ji«»i ^ 

' tlw aqiiaJraa of the Xcnw Seaa aidir 

«« tW foafUi pUo9v boGMe Tk«-aiAainl «t 
»d'« difiMW. uid IB tk* ««ilj fiA af 
t:Wt ve a^;tIoa off GmrritDMOB lae SSkk 

\fi >isT(> IjAd tb^ MTtval eammmad 

^ au. CiUKLA. i!Lt£L or Scrr- 

'U(l ail qiwvlaoo tbe Victcr^r 
fuily 4iuLf«Ml lu Uw giorie* of the d«T. 

Wlum tlw ■crcmpu ior w«^iea. proruioB*, 
fl - ' lucul had to Im metiltd. Hawinrm 

'iq ■oiirtwrirof lu>bniUi«s40-MW, 
iviwuru i-enion* who wh Bppoiated liii 
d^al> ' to MuJil* hia to dnw «^ his ac- 
AMWU' (C«/. «Ca6i iV^ !><»' l^ ^^- 
UHK), It i» tnM wi«h thtt lUwWu 
^.tnf.Tkuif/l of Ut» worii u bnrdoaaomei and 
Urth and h«r mioialan exatciaed a 
II which b« ifaoofffat oSbnaiT* ; bat 
ttuMui who liavfi cxfOiWmwa thf (juevn'a coo- 
duct in ihik mattf>r hoTv npparratlr not 
known iljAt ft)i«r )im<l clew mtow for omibt- 
hv n«wli>n«'»int«'Lrril_v. That the paymenU 
uiit of IfAwkynft'i own |»ocket u 
. rrrtnin fwt'i///. 1« Jun. I.>t9; 
J/iff.M'i'i. Comm. I'Jth lU^. App.pt. L p. 12, 

Atvrd) ttuH timti llawkYnii, in conjunction 
«illi l>niki>. in eutnmotily Mit'i t'> havu inftli- 
ti(l»il llir funil l'»nK known lu *TIif t^hwst at 
Chatham.' \» twaaiirurof tli** nn\vhc would 
naturully htM^onauIliKi in Hiich a buaincM.ond 
Dniliii won till' rifflii hand of thf lord admiral; 
hul I heir nliaru in i\w matter hns been much 

kaxaggenit«d. In«litut«d tlw fund certainly 
waa, and wai cnnlinuvd a« adi<4lincl charity 
for till! nOinf of maimnd and wounded aea- 
lunii, till llm l^'Riiuiing of th<< prnaent cen- 
tury ; in IHI 1 itArevmuiut won- finally united 
will) Ihnio of (JnHMiwicIi HoepituL 'I'hrt 
rhr»l, from which it d<Tlved it« name, was 
inoviyl to ()r«>cnwich in IH.(5, and i^ still 
pniiarvMl in tiiu niurwiim of tli'* ]voyalNa%'al 
UoUiw*. ICnrly in I AIM) Ilawkynft wna aiao- 
ciati»<l with Trohiwr in tbo command of a 
M[imdri>n Kent to ihn ooaxt of INirtugnl 'to 
do nil noMtihhi raincliicf to tho enemy, and 
I'dix^'iftlly to look out for tlio annual Plate 
Hi»i't. Thin, liownver, havinft tiinidy wnrniiijr, 

. did nut n)i|»>(ir ; and llii'i-xiH'dition rfliirnt'd 
to Plynioulh without litivin(( ntH-ompltshed 
nnytliin^f, 'and ihufl,' wrott* Ilawkyna to 
Bilr((hley on ftl Oct., * Ood'H inftdliblo word 
U purformod in that the Holy Ghost said, 



iaiar wtlOffMit 

lU9). bMJMduaK 
he ianr iywlMid, 
ilwKaKftMUKr 



HavfcTWf^Ml (fae vaa 

eaatoTtfepn 

to be ! 

iVn.D«iL);]naf , 
not laciakBd tW aneeB'a 



t'fertaki^^ae- 

fai^ortiDai 
tv' \CaLSUU 

' that W had 
On 



MaIjlttafe«TCl»toB«B^flrrt^l»had 
hialqi ben at tha la— rt of Aa ftaiftaicw 
(iL) lU vaa as tUa loaa afaa CBg^ed in 
iht hofldtynd nfwiaaclfe Mill vustiag 
* Sff Jobtt Havfarii^ Bcnitol ' ftS OMtfaao, 
vlikk waa bult m UB2, tko*^ tba ebaiter 
na aot giiBlod tfll cm yvan bbs. Td- 
wvrdi tte cad of UB4 ke «M ^pia cmDod oa 
to acrra at aca, at aa tiyilitina ordoad (o 
the WeaC Indies, mmkiw tka coMwnd of Sir 
Fraads DialK, and fitted aot at thrioiiU east 
of the queen, UawlETMi, Oteakc, ana poanhty 
otiur miaor odfeBtmen. After Ban/ deUrt 
tha fleet left pljsMtli in K^fa8t fo^, far ^ 
vhi^ time the Sfmniazda were nUi ~ ^' 
of iu destination and iu km. It tima i 
a[ipainted expect&tion: but Ilavkjns did i 
witness the Uilore. lie died al ina oO* Portq 
Rico on 12 ^OT. 159o. Ills death vaadonbt 
less due to the effect of the West India 
climate on a man no longer jmtng, and wit 
a coostituti-m already •wrewnod hy forme 
hanbhipA and by attacks of ferer and ague 
one of which in 15S1 had hrooght him 
dnftthV d<x>r (lUwKixSf n. 43n.) Four dnyi 
liefon; hi« ihiath, fwling Lis strength failin " 
be added a laat co^lit^il to his will, in whic 
after diructlng restitution to bo niadi^ to i 
man whom he had injured, he continued') 
'For the foidta or oflenceK which 1 have i 
might have committed against her Maiestjf 
I do give unto her i*,00w. (if die will I 
it), for tluLt «ihehath inherpn^seasion of rail 
a far |;rcAt«r .turn which I do release unto he 
'Iliifl I mean with God's grace to perfor 
mviw'lf, if he of hiA mercy fend me bome.^ 

ITawkynn was buried at sea, but in ao 
rordanc<!withhi8willamonuraentwa6orect« 
to hia menior\' in the church of St, I^unstnn'a 
iu-the-Eiist, in which purish he had tt-side 
for thirty years, and to the poor of whir.h, wa 
well at* of Plymouth and of Deptford, he be- 

7up]ithed a sum of uO^. In addition to the 
iatin inscription on (he monument, another 
in Kuglish w&» t^hown on & mural tablet 
These with the church i>i*ri»hed in the i 
firo ; but the inacriptious have been preaer%'c 



Hawkins 



219 



Hawkins 



' Smw (SwTiy qf Lam i wm, toL i. lib. ii. p. 
In tne En^Uifl] Terees tbexv is an crror^ 
tbiT of tnziMTiptioD, which makes 
Ehem unint^lli^'ible. According' to Stow — 
iDama Ka!Jiimn« bis fin< nligiotu wife 
[Saw yean thrice ton and tVQ of mortal life, 
Laanof Um woild tiia sixth, tha aeramlk aa- 
ccsding. 

Ma rritd sboald probabljr be read for mortal 
in the cecand line, the third line implying^ 
ibat at her di'ath she wti» Iwtwovn -12— <t 
timMt 7 — and 49 — 7 times 7. Sir lUcliard 
Hawkynjt [q. r.], ber son, wa.'- bom in or about 
I06I or 15o2, and Dame Kst barine died after 
a lingering' iUneca in the first days of July 
15B1 {Hut. MSS. Comm. \'2th Ki^p. Ajip. pt. 
i. pp. 1-4, lo). By the special permiiuion of 
her htuband she executed a will on 23 June 
1591 (Drake. p. xi; HAWKiX!sp.72). Uaw- 
Icyns married secondly .Margaret, daughter of 
Charles Vanghan of llei^est Court in llen»- 
fordshire, but had by her no iiuue. She diod 
in 1019. Heside»hU #OD Kichanl.a'bfuc aon' 
is rpoken of as captain of the »bi]i tteut out to 
countermand Drake's orders tn 1587 (Zflw*- 
dotrne MS. vol. lii. cap. iS), Neither the 
namti of this fibip nor of her captain con now 
bo traced, nor yet any other mention of this 
* base son ; ' and it has been su^^sted that 
tlK* vxpr««ion merely refers to Kichard, the 
le^timate son, whose conduct may bare been 
<iiJapprnTe<J of by the writernf the manuscript, 
A man full uf rancour towards llawkynti and 
his family. 

Hawkyiu'ft reputation no doubt stands 
bigherthan it otherwise would ha-re done by 
reason of his association with Drake, not 
only in the last TovaffO, which provtHl fatal 
to both, but in the ^e^t of the .\nno(ia nml 
in their cruel experience at San Juan de Lu», 
But the charncters of the two men were verj- 
diflferent. While Drake won uiuuiti}; fiim».' 
and fortune by unsur^mii^ed feats of ilariiig, 
Hawkyns wai^ enrich mg him^^lf as a mer- 
chant, (shipowner, and admiralty official, 
whose intejrritv was sii.«-'pec(t.'J. ' He hod/ 
says a writer wiio claims to havo known him 
well, 'malice with di^Mmulation, rudeness in 
hcbaviour. and was covetous in the last 
dejrree' (U. M., probably Sir Uoherl Man- 
eell, in PiitvAan Am PUgrimf^, iv. 1185; 
\ja.m knit, y ami n'tArury,i,.?jV2). Ilut, what- 
ever bi^ faults, history has condoned them, 
riffbtly considering him oneof the preat men 
wbubroke thepoweruf S]>ain,&ndeBtnhli6hed 
Kntflund's maritime su{iretnacy. 

So-culled portruit.H of Hawkyns are not 
uncommon, hut ffw set-m genuine. Of theiie 
onv is in the Sir John Iluwkyns's Hospital at 
Chatham, where it is said to have huuK ever 
iince the hospital waa first builc, Ajiothor 



now in the pooMSsioa of Mr. C. Stvarc 
llawldns of tiarford Hall. Buekfkatleighp 
Plymmith, has not an unbroken tradition, 
but is believed lo be gennine: it bean tbu 
arras of Sir John llawkyns and the date 
' .Ktatis 8UW ^>B ; Anno Domini lo91.* It was 
exhibiteil iu the Armada exhibition at IVury 
Itone Theatre in October ISW^, and is repro- 
duced as a fronti.vpieco to Miss Hawkins's 
•PI'Vmoulh Armada Ileroe*,' AcToup.i>aidto 
be i>rake, llawkrns, and Cavejidish, ascribed 
to Mytens, has Leen at Xewbattte, tbo sent 
of the Marquis of Lothian, for at leiast 250 
years. Acopy.pr^ntedby theserenth Mar- 
iiuis of'I^toinn, is in the Tainted Hall at 
Oreenwich. Other portraits, nuch as the 
miniature ascrib(>d to IVt«r Olivnr, now bo- 
lon>;ing to the l'ounte«s of Uostdwir, or the 
ivory bust belonging to the Kev. R. D, Haw- 
kins (Hawkins, pn. 17, 70), both of which 
were lent to the Drury Lane exhibition of 
3S8H,cannot beidentitic-d with Ilawkymsand 
are, more especially the miniatun\ utterly 
unlike the better authenticated portraits. 

'Yhi* name, though now commonly written 
Hawkins, was by Sir John bimstdf, as wl>11 

04 by his brolher William, his son Kicbartl, 
and hi*i nephew William, in%-nnably written 
llawkyns. llie Spaniards, tb''ir contempo- 
raries, preferred Aquinas or Arhines, or occo- 
sionaliv Acle : in Portuguc^^ 1.4itin it appears 

05 de Cnnes. 

[The (isveral lirta of Dawkyni ore niviv^rv nnd 
ODsatittfactory. They include CantplkoU's ill LiTui 
of the AdoiiraU, t. 410; Soathoj's. in Live* v>f 
the British Admirals, vol. iji. ; WurthV. inTmns- 
artioos of tho IXnonsihipi' Association for IWta, 
and Miss UavkJDs's.iuFl^niauihAnmuJa Uvrut^ 
This lost, howeror. girea stune itiUToxting copi«tf 
or ahiitnicts of original puprn, iacludiug tbo 
wills of Uttvkyns aud hiM two wivos ; but the 
author Mwms not to have known of lUwkyna's 
l)uct codicil, dated 8 >'ot. lOt).). The will wna 
prorod twice ; oQCu in 1696. hs h^ hnd left it in 
Kiiglund, and a second time in IdU9, with this 
later addition, llokluyt's accountH of Ui» Ihrmt 
voyages to the coiuttnf. Africa and T.hu West Iodic* 
arc inclndeil in thi< llawVios' Voyugea, edited for 
tho Hakluyt Society by C. R. Murkliam. under 
whose nsmi- Uiey are here irfcrrwl li> ; Fronde's 
lli»it. of Eti<;ltuid (nibiiiet cxlit.); Dniko's latro- 
ductik>a lo llusiod's Uist. of Kml ; Wniom An- 
tiquary (passim). Th<> writer would aim) ac- 
knowledge somo notes bupplitd by Dr. H, 11. 
Draks.] J. K. L. 

HAWKINS, JOnX, M.D. {f. IfWi), 
translator nnd tfrummnrinu, was Tounger 
brother of Sir Thomus Hawkins {d. 1040) 
'q. v.], and of Henry HnwUini ihe Jesuit 
q. V.J He probably took liis d«*grtM> 4)f 
\{.\}. at IVIua. He was a atannch catho- 
lic, and oppears in Ciee'a list of 'PopinU 



I 



I 



S30 



Hawkins 



llivniciiuiH in Hnd sbout tlieCitTof Londcn ' 
HI 1<Ui SB rvtidinf; in Chart«rhotue Coarl. 
Ut' marrie<I Krancw, tUiigfat«r nf Fmnri* 
I'owrr. e(M|.. nf Bletchin^toa, i*xf"'rd5hiiv 
lickidrf luH *»jn Fniiicilt [q v.], the jwuit^ he 
Iiiiil jirijlmtily oin>tht*r fii, frnm whom de- 
ncfnif t h»' fniuily of Hawkins of Tredunnock, 
M"nint)iithBhirp. 

1I«> puhliKhr-tl : 1. 'A bru>fe Tntrodaction 
in SvntuJt, cnllccttHl out of Nt-brUsa. . . . 
Witli the <'oniH)nl«nce eupjilyt^ br i. H./ 
Iximlon, U^'t))Hvo. -J. 'Di«cureiis deMeUn- 
(liuha ilvpocJjondriaca,* IIt?id«'lh^i^. hi^i, 
'llu. ii. * Th« Itanflomc of Time being cap- 
tivo. \V'h<>n>in U doclored how pn^iouf a 
tbitig ia 'Timtf,'' Iwundon, 1634, Sro^ written 
in SpfeniBh bv Androus de Boto^and Cranft- 

tionifi, colliK'tn', iliM[K.witte, et confabulation]- 
biiM (bKi'nIfi*,' London, \tKVj, 8vo. o. • Parn- 
jihntHo uiM>r) ifi^ Ktiavcn PenitPDlial Psaltiif.,' 
1^i*ndnit,l(l<%,Hvo,trana)aiecl from the Italian 
by J. II. 

[diUuwV Uil.L Did.; Wood'* Athonai Oxon. 
cl, IUIh. ill. ftaS; Folev'i Rocords, it. 700.1 

T, C. 

HAWKINS, SiK JOHN (1710 1783^, 
nutlhir, yonnp'«l «on of a ri\ri»'iitor who rose 
111 hi* It Aiirvi'yor, and oUiifKHi di>.«ri<iit from 
tbi* fiimoiiH x'nnmn, by KUxaK^lh, diiii(;Utt!r 
itf Tbi^iiiiia (iwnikin, wn» born in I^ndon 
Mt Mundi ITh'.j Hi* barnt como I^im at 
•i^biHil ) Nttd iini'r^Uidviniiuiuli'rHojipuKfor 
)il> Oithiir'* hiiilni^u, rfianfitl bin mtnd and 
WM nrltcti'd »■ cirrk to John Hrott, ati at- 
i<tvii<>\ III lli>ilio)wtfiiti>. Ity i*urly rltiiiiif bf 
mtiimKi<d to llhd UMf for Hiudyiny )Hith law 
Aiiil liiiinitiiiv, llo wnxc for tlto Mionllo- 
litttn'« MitjjiKiih*,' bit iittrlir<t rontribiition 
In'Mij HI) ' r'.a«tiY (Ml Honcttviin thonumlwr 
(iiv Mtiivh lotll, Htul |uiblii*(itni v»'rH4's in tins 



...I ,.1... 



. |uihlii*htni vcriM's in tliiH 
li. Mmut 17U ht" U't'iiiUf 




tfal SiH'H'ty, and at.K>ii 
f, I I V i. Dty o( AiiL'tt>nt Muaio/ 

i \vhti»> till* woixIp for five cautat«ti, 

w . Ill Hiiothi>r wrtttrn by his friond 

t'lwtur \\ iddti vr<«ft< ai't to luiiHip by John 
t^(m\bn. nn-l « ffw tn'MiMi^ Uti»r wn>t-i' nix i 
at VyiM^bnUand i 
I iinRAcqunhitauL'tf j 

\< :'. muiuul anmivowi oiin of tlu'ra i 

' loin to Pi'lvr SlonT of lllKhffatoJ, 

lt)i\M>ii)" t lMi*ti|(^*> aa an ntUinu-v Imd in- 
t-r^'ft'tnl, and nlxmt ibn wmtvr ol* 1710 bo 
tf>H«t>d lo 11^(1 ^^ilh bit father and *bar«>d a 
hoii».' Ill tMi'iiii'in'o lj»i«'. LtimWiNi Stni't, 
wiih \h. Mnoplib'^, II phynifinii. (In the 
*|M'ln)t of ir.Ml in* iioirritHl PfliT Stiiri-rV 
\ouHip»at dau^htor, Sidin'y, with a fortune of 
IfMNtO/., niid Iraittforiwd* hti buviiioM to n 



hofue KB Aoatin Fnara. Cpon the de^ih <i 
hi> wife's brother, Peter Storer, in 17£0, abe 
inherited • fortune Jud he then parted with 
biabuetinoB to Richard Clark (1 730-1831 > 
~a. y'\t aAerwards city chunberlain. and took 
a bouieat Twickenham aaduothfr in hlaltoa 
Stnwt for a toim pe«denct?. At Tw ipIc' 
fa«made ihi> aojuainTaiict* of Horaco W 
Gairick, and otli*>r ili^riuffniahMl ncigb 

Ue was plact-d in 1761 in the comnmBinD 
of peace for Middlesex and waa an actire 
maipMrate. He declined to accept fees nntil 
he found that hii* ^m*ni$ity encouraged liti* 
gallon, when he took the moner und mtv 
ic to the poor of the parish. In 1703 li« 

fuhliahed 'Ob»>erratiou>t on the State of tlitt 
lig^way* and on the l^^ws for keeping ihAio 
in repair/ rectum mf-n ding a new statute for 
the purpose, which was afterwarrls paiaed 
into law. He opposed auooesKfuUvU'^) * 
bill for rebnilding Newgate hy which an un- 
due share of the expeniM^ would be thrown 
upon the county of ^l^ddle9eI. His fellow- 
magiKl rates 5howed their gratitude by elect- 
ing him chairman of nuarter »eaaons on 
lOSept. 1765, He left Twickenham in 1771 
upon the death of hi^ father, who was fond of 
the house, yiiis services in suppresninff the 
election riot«> at Brentford in 17t{H and the 
Moorfioldriotf* in 176i> recommended him to 
the king, bv whom he wa* kniphteU 2.'i Oct. 
177L*. iln S'oTewt>er 1777 he was frightened 
from llatton Street by three siiccesetve 
attempts at burglary, and settled in Queen 
Hquare, Westniinster. In 1785 he wa« forced 
to move by a fire which ileetrojed his \-nlu- 
able library and many prints and dmwingn. 
He ftetiled in Broad Sanctuary, Westminster, 
wbere he lived until 17811, when he waA 
attacked by paralysis, and died on :^1 May. 
He was biiriea in the cloisters of West minster 
.Vhbcy under a stone euarovcd, by his direc- 
tion, with nothing but Ins initials, theda.te 
of his death, and his ago. The wita had com- 
posed an epitaph in ridicule of his drawl : 

Horo lira Sir Jobn Ilavkins 
Without his shoes mid * trtawkin^' 

Hawkins was a keen fi;ilierman,andlnl760 
published an edition of WallonV * Corapleat 
Angler/ in competition with Moach Browne 
[tj. v.], who ha<T miKlemiseil the text. Haw- 
kins prefixed a life of W'alton, and Oldys 
contributed a life of Charles Cotton [q. v.] X 
fourth ethtion, revised by Hawkins, apjicnred 
in I7H4, and a fiAh, e<iiled bv bis son, in 
I70i>. 

Hawkins iken began his * Hi*>tnrTof Miuic' 
at the instigation of Horace Walpiile, wlio 
ordered Italiuu books for him through 8ir 
Horace Mann ( Wau^i^ Letters, Cunning- 






in 
.. of 

1 IlttW^^'**":"' "Man"'"® » lie was ""^ 
lo\in««" ^ ? r.*. Ue ^^^ *^^^iub founded 



'" ,,«B JOHN 0">8,'.'r„a8 the 




j,,Por»o'> "'.V; 178,7. »•'**;• l«Ti. !«'>"• 
to n>i'» "»". ,. A. vortraii (.V ^r I for <li« , 



1 _ .r>,lX SIDNK"^', (1 






HavfaflS 



xsa 






i«r 

itf hMfa^r.bM H«>M fen 

rt tfe vvm «r it (OniL JHVL ieM.1 Ul, 
UV nrrt^JrJ fit 1^ im.M fcM 

of Ae Sodbly «r Aaftnna. ffiiBtnn 
«H mU M ld4X H0 k li T 1 {Gtmt. 

ly ft wmm *ad jm\cmt 



*m 151-i. Ho became rector ur 
ift tfe Uc of Ely ( 19 Jan. lol ^^ 
lat k a &rt Dmfen, Norfolk ( I ryJO\ adJ 

He Anwsd loHKtfia tbe fttudr of civil atid 
OMB law fiijaiiiliiJ to the degrw of LL.[»., 
■^TO alBitlad aa ftdrocate 30 Nor. 15^ 
W« hmru 6«^ a letter of Chapura ihu «: 
•a* liiBi k* flalmcad the t^achin^ of tlw 
^ aad «■■ Uirtnm into prison for 
Mai, bat aabaeqaeallT recanted wid 
^rfled to 'c$af%tnoi ' u « ivpratuit 



tiaww; 
Ibwb 



^wJunabopabGAal: L Aa aditmiof 
Baggfa's * Igmanmaa,* with ftoAes, Ac, Lott- 
doB, 17tf7, tiro, on 'wiaA ht had voriDBd far 
■aarir ten yean ('NicaoUi, tittrarjf ^4a«e- 
dMafCix. 3&>. 3. < Waltfln*a Onaiylnin Aa- 
gler.' 1797. tStoo, \BO», 8to (a npcodoctiaa 
of Sir J. HavbiBcs cditioo^ a 'L. Da 
Vjac^filreatueonFuaiuig'<,RigBiiir«trui*- 
latioo), with a Hfe^ 1 802, 8tol 4. ' A Htttonr 
of th».> Otgin and EstaUiahmenx of Ootbae 
Arcluteciure/ Loodon, 1813, 8\^, which was 
aeverdy handled by John Caner ( ir-ti^l^l 7 ) 
fq. T.] in the ^ Gaitleman's Ma^^xine' (for 
Cartel's letters eee Gent. Matf. 1813 ii. .'Ul. 
1814 i. 9, lU, 133, 329, it 313, iHlo il. 305. 
Hawli IDA, wliAdoei not teem to hare studied 
architecture thoroughly, replied in the same 
periodical (1814, i. 5, 245, 348. 4.>«). 5. * An 
Inquirr into . . . Greek and Latin Poetry ' 
(eapecially dramatic), London, 1817, Hto. 
6. *An Intjuiry into the nature ... of Thfv 
TOOgh Baas on a new plan/ London [1817], 
8vo. 

I GeoL Mar. now ler. 1842, xriiL 662-4.] 

W. W. 

HAWKINS, NICHOLAS, LLB. (d. 
ir>JU), binh*>p-dR«igtiate of Ely, nephew and 

?«Mliiun of Binh'ip NVoKt of Ely, was bom at 
*iiliii<y, and was educated at Kton, whence 
ho wiii elected scholar of King's College, 



bawlii liybiaaMfatheBi^i iif Elr(i>ffrr« 

Be vaa widi xrwarded for his compUoncf. 
He bec ann a diflamaftac serrant of the crown, 
aad k was wlm abaeat on n foreign mts- 
MalbatbB«aaciAa(e>dtothendi archdea- 
vamrj nt Sf , to vhsdi be was admitted br 

9 Not. 1537, rMsgninp the ft>ctory of 

\s anthdoacon be attended lb" 

d 1639: Vn^en Henry VUI 

bia dirorei* with th^ p<.i^ 

', Ua wki nd'ft pepu t . . ■ i 

lawyer and dlplom 

ialSSSaa reaideiiL 

ml tbe naperial court in succesnoo 1 
UanBcr. He was sent with crodentials I 
tbe Ibibe of Bmoowick, the kiag of Ha 
fcazT, and tbe Elector Palatiiie, October 1& 
at a aalarr of 30*. a dar, paid a rear La i 
raaee (A. v. 1372, L'lSO, 1388). ' Chapn ,_ 
■liiiug to the emperor 1 Oct^, givee a rail 
a ee u— 1 of his earlier life, and slates that he 
bad readtfcd eminent .M>n'ico to the king 
when he declared himself hpad of tbe chtuch, 
and had written against the authority of the 
pope. Hawkins was tDstruclfnl to procure 
opinions rdatire to the divorce, and was cre- 
dited with ^osBQBsing ample funds to prose- 
cute hia object {U>. 1377). A commisaioBi 
was also giren him in common with Jeroa 
(Ghinucci), iHsbop of Worveater, Dr. C 
mer, and others, to treat for a uniyersal i 
(ib. 1482). Hawkins londf^l at Calais 6 ( 
and reached Mantua 10 Nov., when he hod 
an audience with Charles V, and his cre- 
dentials were occepted. He employed him- 
self in translating into Latin Henry g * Olass 
of Truth' on the iinlavi'fulness of marrisgi ' 
with a deceased brother's wife (tit. l.'itU) 
By Christmas eve he hod reached BotQ^^ 
where Clement VII had come to confer witJ 
the emperor. Thence he wrote to the kin|^ 
that he had finished his tranfilaf.ion, and re- 
quested him to send him his book ' Be Potco- 
tate Papse.' At the same time he complained 
to Cromwell that ivhilc the other ambassa- 
dors had silver plate he wa« compelled to cat 
off pewter. By22 Feb. 1533 he hud Imd an in- 
terview touching the divorce with the pope (d. 



Hawi 



ins 



»^3 



ans 



Tol. vi. No. 177), who, in pursuit <if !»■* policy , 
of dt'lay, demnmleti fuller ond more luxurata 
infonnAtion (ili. vol. vi. Na-i. :K)fi, 2l*t5). U«w- 
kiiL9 foUuwed the emperor to Spain, au<l being 
a * sorry seaman ' be^g^d HenrTr* not to insist 
cm hia (loinjj by watnr. Writing to Crannier 
from norcelona, 11 Juni>, h*^ complained of 
the lowneMof his fund^ — * he had only fort^ 
I' - left' — ami craved for new^ of 'his 
ry, hi:* relations, and liis friends.' Cran- 
lin-i ifplJed, 17 June, in the well-known letter, 
describingthepronmlf^'Rtioiiof the sentence nf 
divorce at Dnnstable and Anne Bol'-yn's pri- 
vate marriage with Henry (Ki.iJt*. Oriyiw// 
Zrtterf, Ul ser. li. iKi; Ca.iXMER, Ufmains, 
ParlierSoc, ii. -M4; Fuoide, H'wtory^iAhT). 
<'ranmer also sent Ilawkinsa bill for four hun- 
dred ducats out of his * aloncly benevolence.' 
Iturinjy the latter half of the year letters fre- 
cjuentiy passed between the fcinp and Haw- 
kins, who liad removed from Barcelona to 
■ Almtinia ' in Arragon. Henry dictated what 
llAwktnfi wft.s to say to the emperor in iusti- 
licAtion nf the divorce, and in«irnctt'<f him 
to ahow the emwror an exemplified copy of 
the sentence, flawkiuit was specially en- 
joined to contradict the report that liis aunt 
LfttlieriDe and tlic Princess Mary were itl- 
(*. Xoa. 775, 808, 8oo. {hX'I, lUoS). 

December Ilawkim; received his la»t let- 
ter from Cranmer, announcing ibe birth of 
KliEabetb (Craxmf.r, Remaitu, Parker Soc., 

"^l"!). Henry V'llI designated Hawkins 

op of Ely late in loSJJ. But no formal 

Section 1iad taken place when the new^ ar- 

Sved in Kngland of Hawkins's death. Ho 

Vliedof dysentery early in January 1533-4 *at 

a village named Dalbojie, in the realm of Ar- 

Kgon, two leagues from Mousa *(if(fcr*, i^r., 
' Hfitry Vni, vii. No. 11-5, 2). Accoiding 
- hia will, dated 20 Dec. loUS, nsquotefl by 
eutham, hi» dii'd 'in civitate Barbatrenm,' 
here he desired to be buried. Other au- 
thnriticfl wronglv make Barcelona the place 
of hi* death. T^o emperor sent him medi- 
cines in hi« butt illnesfl. According toChapny$t, 
Anne Boleyn showed more grief at his denth 








than the king, and Burae«ted that he bad 
been poisoned ((V». No. Id). According to 



Fuller {HiAt. of Cambr. p. 162), Hawkins 
ras ' a person of such eminent charity that 
i a time of famine he »)Id all his plote 
ad goods for the relief of the poor of Ely, 
ung aerved in wooden diahes and earthen 
I poto? 

^H^ [Bentham's Ely, pp. 189, 27r>; Blomefteld's 
^^■orfolk. X. 209; ChI. State Papers, loc. cit. ; 
^Kaker MSS. zjcx. 1)6, 120; Cob MSS. i. U^ 
^■r. ^7. xiii. 160: Ilarl. US. 7011.art. 35; Crao- 
^^ner's Worka (Parker Soc.),ii. 2ii, 272; Coopers 
Athenae Ciatabr. i. 48.J £. V. 



HAWKINS or HAWKYNS, Sir 
RICH A Kl>(jo02Mr.22),nnv«l commander, 
only son of ^irJolm Hawkyns (1532-1595) 
[q. v.], wo^ brought up almost from infancy 
among 6hipe and seamen, whether at Ply- 
mouth or Deplford. He (irobably made at 
an early ago short vovages in coasting or 
cruising TCA^ls, but went for the Brst time to 
the AVest Indies in 1582. under the command 
of his uncle, William Hawkjns <rf. 1669) 
[q. v.] In 1.^5 he was captain of the Puck 
galliot iu Drake's expedition to tbe West 
Indies, the .'Spanish main, and tbe coast of 
Fhirida; on the return voyagi- Hawkins was 
driven into Mount's Bay on 21 July lo86, 
and himself carried tbe news of DrakeV suc- 
cess to Ksetcr in fourteen hours ( OiA »f 
Mas. at Uatju-ld, iii. 152; J/w/. MSS, 
CkftniH.) In 15^8 he commanded the queen*s 
ship Swallow against the 'Invincible' Ar- 
mada, and in 1590 the Crane in hi^ father's 
expedition to the coast of PortugaL Mean- 
time he was meditating a voyage which, iu 
litA concept ion, was to surpoxH anv Vf •! mail)*. 
Tills Wtta not only avoyase i-ound the world, 
arriving at 'the islands of Japan, of the Phi- 
lippines, and Molucca s^ihc kingdoms of China 
anu East Indies, by the way of the Straits of 
Mogellau and the South Sea,' but he de- 
signed principally, he tells us, * to make a 
perfect discovery of all those parts when; he 
should arrive, as well known us unknown, 
with their longitudes and latitudes, the lying 
of their coasts, their head-landti, their port^ 
and bays, their cities, towns and peoplings, 
their manner of government, with the c^im- 
UKidities which the countries yieldt^, and of 
which they have want and are in necessity* 
( Makkiiah, p. 89). This was a project quite 
beyond his predecessors, Drake or Cavendish, 
whose prineipul end was to prey on theSpa- 
nlanls, and who had been drlvi-n to sail round 
the world mitinly by force of circumstances. 
There is nothing in HiiwJii»iisV actions to 
show that his object wasdiHerent from theirs; 
thoueh when he wrote, tliirtv years after- 
wards, he may have persuaded himself that 
his vovage was primarily intended as one ot 
scieniifle discovery. Tfcie ship in which he 
determiued to go was built for his father in 
1588, and named, in the first instance, the Re- 
pentance ; afterwords the queen, admiring her 
graceful form, had ordered her to U' re-named 
the Dainty, and as such she had sailed in the 
expedition to the coast of Portugal in 1590, 
and again in the voyage to the Azores in 
1592. Ilawkyns now bought her from his 
father, fitted her out in the river, sailed from 
BUckwoUonS Aprill503; and fmally.after 
many mishaps and delays, left Plymouth 
about the middle of June, having a pinnace 



Hawkins 



Hawkins 



jinil a victualler in company, end ft com- 
mU<<)nn * to nttrtnpl eome eQt«rprUc a^nat 
the king of Spain, hi" suhjecrs and adheivnte, 
upon the coast of ihe W«>1 Iniliei^. BraiU, 
Africa, Ara«rifa, or tht? S<mlh S««s, jjnintinff 
liim an<l hiji jmtrniu wUaterer he *'houla 
lake, n^c-rving to the trown one-tiflh part 
of all tn*asuro,Jewel9, and pearU' (Cat. Statt 
Paper*, hom. 1&91-4, p. 9*9), 

Thf account of the fnrlv part nf the Toyajjfe, 
afterward* written by llawkyns hinuwlf, i« 
ii)t.>'rP9iinu from th»* inlt'lligeiit dewriptioiis 
of M>a life and of tbu places at which th« 
shipH touched. Thoy Wt luniiy mvn by 
srtirvy ; the Dainty was nearly burnt by ac- 
cidout ; and about the end of October, hanng 
n ver>' largt- numbiT of Hick, they put into 
Sonloo in Uraztl- Ucre they w<-re able to 
nurcbaae oranges, lemons, and a few fowls; 
nut the governor ordered them to depart 
within three dayii, nor would he jtennit tiiem 
to trade or ' to take any refn*hing ujron the 
ahore.' So they put lo »•«, though short of 
water, having, \l appears, none except what 
they filiililled ; a process for which tliey had 
n|irnpiTiip]ianttu:4(MiUKii\3i. p. 10-1), though 
it rifterwardM went completely out of u^», 
preNumiibly 'iit aiicount of llic dilliculty of 
carrying Htidicioiit fuel. Un 5 Nov. they 
anchored between the Sant-a Anna Islands, 
to the north of Cape Krio. There they 
put the (tick nn (ihore. and refreshed them 
with HtMt-fdwl and Mtich fruits as the islands 
ntl'ordi'd {Hi. p. HW «.") Afterwards they 
watered at Ihii IJmndM, to the wesi nf Kio 
.llln■'i^> ; and tm IH Dee. shaped their course 
for tlie SirnitA of Mngidlnn. At Santa Anna 
(Imy had lunptied out and burnt the victual 
ler; oH' lh«' mouth of tlie Itiver I'late the 
[|iiMnai>e dtuMMled anil made her way home 
Myaiit. The Dainty thus came aloni< to the 
HtrallNi tuiMMrd through, nut without danger; 
Nntl rm if) Al>ril \Wl auchon'd at the island 
i <if M'tohn, whi^rit frenh pruvitninns were pro- 
I fun'tl, M haM> not timteit Iteller mutton 
miy whi'is'.' Ilinvkyiifi not4>d. And soon to 
^'lll)>lt^u•>||, ulinre they plutideri>d the town 
Atid rAUAiiuied I hit shipA in fhi^ bay ; thence 
jltiing north, making n f<>w prixos, thev an- 
rhort'd on IH June in thi> bay of San Mateo, 
whi'ti' I'll the lt*th they were found by two 
lai'ttt* SpiiniMh ahip«, wi^ll armed and rnm- 
Hiauded by Don iCtltran de ('a<(tro, bn>lher- 
Ih'Inw of the vii'en>T, who had fiUed them 
lutt eiiin>Mt VI ohmkfttr and capture or destroy 

llieve Kuglintl ptmlra, 

'lite eri<w ef (he Dainty l»ad iK-en reduced 
hy d«>»t Imlo ttUiul *4»venty -live ; the Spaniards 
nrniHidio have uuutbeh'd ten timetta!*many 
{ih. p, V7I), which i* proWble enough. An- 
iitltvr iMtllualti, making them 'thirteen hun* 



drcd men and boyes' (I'A. p. 27H), may b> 
pronounced a grosa exaggeration (cf. iJuw, 
La Armada Iiufwihle, li.llU). Th«! I>aioty 
was stoutly def'*nd«*d. and she might pc^siWr 
have lM;aten otf hc-r a^;iailant« and ouule good 
Iier eaciip^, but for Ihe extrvme careleanew 
w^ith which the bad b^en pre{>arE>d for ic- 
tton. llnwlniis lutd left all the auperri^ga 
u well as the preparal ion to the gunner, in 
whom he had jierfrct e<jnfidencA but who, in 
the hour of need, proved ign<irant and iacM- 
pable. There were no cartrid^M, much of 
the ammunition had been spoiled by damp. 
few of the giina were clear when tliey were 
wante<l, and t^ome of them bud boon loaded 
with the powder on top of the shot (MaHK- 
HAM, p. l'7-l). Ilawkyns's own account of the 
action tells of such gro&s negleitt and miff j 
management, as to give ri&e Xu a KU.'spicionJ 
that, whatever the gunner's faults, llawkma] 
was not the 'complete i^caman* and skilful 
commander that he would wiab hi« readers t« 
8up|KJse. Of bis stubborn courage, howeverJ 
there is no doubt. Tlie tight Luted thrnagh 
three days, till Hawkyns was carried below 
Severely wounded. The ship wa* then almost 
knockwlto pieces, with fourteen shot unde^^ 
water, scveu or eight feet of water in the holdj^ 
and the pumpa snuuhed ; manv of the men 
kiUed.manymorowotindcd, and thereat mod. 
drunk (i/». 11.302). llawkyns therefore surne-n-j 
dered on capitulatiou. Don B<dtnui eolemnly 

{>1 edging himself ' that he would give us OUf 
ives with good entn^aly, and send us naj 
gjwedily as he could into our own countrv.'j 
But at Limathe pri.«oners were elaime<i bv tliM 
Inquisition: and, though the viceroy ret'ii^edl 
to give them up ou the ground of having uol 
instructions, they suffered much annoyance 
In 1597 llawkyns was sent to Spain in 

faleon which was clnised by the flt-et unde 
I«*px into the roadstead of Terceira {ib. 
p. !M)4). She uflerwurds pursued her voyagi 
and arrival at Seville. There, rt^gardless ot 
the capitulation, llawkv-ns was thrc^wn into^ 
prison. In September 159M he escaped, but 
was recaptured and thniiit into a dungeon. In 
IS&t* ho was removed to Miidrid, and so kept^ h 
notwithstanding his own letters to the ijueeafl 
or the Knglish ambai^sador at Paris, and the 
renionstmnces of Don Deltran, who was in- 
dignnnt at I he violaticm of his plighted faith. 
(In SI) June 1002 llawkyns wrote to Hiet 
Uoljert Cecil, complaining that his * motbcr-J 
in-law, Ladv Hawkyns,' would not pay thaj 
^,000/. which had been allotted by his father's , 
will for his ransom (Ciz/, AVa/^/'rt/irr*, l>om.) 1 
Cecil probably interfered ; at any rate, Haw-| 
ln*ns was rt-lenswl, though mainly,it was said, 
in consetjuenco of the repn>.sen tot tons of thi* ' 
Count Miranda, the president of the council, 



d 



225 



:ins 



who tirpi'd thnt fonniil pnnuiws miule liy the 
king's ofiirern miijit be kept (^Camden, An- 
naif/', iii. ft^S). 

Notwithstanding his sufferings and Iommi, 
Uawkyn* on hi* return home (syems to have 
been still « weolthv and energetic miin. Ho 
wu» l<nigUted on tii July 1603 ; was member 
of iiarliament for IMymouth in 1604, anil vic<j- 
ndmiral of iJevon, n title which at. that time 
^nras far from hononirr. Tht'coaol wiwswjirm- 
inffwith pimteH,hnd the vice-adminilV duties 
•wpyv n*al and muItit'itriduB, and occasioniilly 
hrouKbt Iiiio into antatfouism wilb hid nei^h- 
IxniM {Cat. State- l*ttprr/t, Dom. Itlll^J-lO, pp. 
207, 4;i7, 4."; lli»t. MlOi. Comm.\^\\\ Hop. 
App-iflli^fl). InJiinelBOl he memorialised the 
enmmii=sioners forth*i peace, setting forth the 
losses which hiB father and he had sustained 
from the Spaniards, and bepginp that ' either 
a clause of wttisfacl ion from the king of Spain 
iiuin me may be inserted in the nrticlej* of 

C4*i*, nr thaT Imay not. JHt roncliidedbvlhem, 
left fref to peek my remedy aciMmtinff us ' 
the hiw of Gud and nations allnweth.' fhe 
claims were absunl.incliidinir fine for 100.000/. 
taken by treachery in time o/pence from bis 
father at Son Juan de Luu, of which only u 
*iiiall jiortion belonginl tu John llawkyne, 
oven if the claim for uom[»en8ation had Iteen 



' ft* 
^15 



otherwise ndmisaible. In 1014, when the go- 
vernor? of the Koflt India Company were con*- I 
ndering a proposal, which pniveri alMirtive, I 
^ iftend ashiptlimugh the Straits of Magellan I 
in the SoiHb Sea, Ilawkyns was named ns j 
ft Kuitahln commander, and expressed his wil- 
lingness to undertake the voyage, either a.-* 
officer of the comptiny or as a joint »d- | 
'*»ntnrer (Cal. Stntf Paprrf, Eact IndinK, I 
513-161*5, Xos. 706. 711, 744). In l(M7ho ^ 
"WtJi again an iinsucce!<^ful candidate for the 
immand of the company's tieet (lA. mi7-'Jl, 
09. 14;*, loi', 'JOf*) j see liEsT, Thomas; and 
jiT.E, Sin Thomas!. In U1:MJ-I Ifnwkynswna 
ife-ndmirMl.iinderSirKohert Manstdl [q.v.], ' 
if the tlei^t p/!nt into the Mediterranean to re- ' 
Itice the Altferine corsairs, and must share 
le blame w-bich attaches to the miseralde 
ilure { MoNOOS, in CkurchiU's J'ni/ni/i'M, iii. 
27; LeniAKD, A'nra/ Jlistory, p. 4i)it; Gar- 
IXER. //m/. fif Eiighnti, \\\ 2i'4). The lexo- 
;ion may po.'*-"*ibly have actrd unfavoumbly on 
liis henli h. In hia will, executed on \\\ April 
ItlJ;!, he described himaelf Ofi ' aick and weak 
in bwly but of jH-Tfect mind and memory.' 
The next ilay ( 17 April) ho was sieired with 
fit while attending tlie privy council on 
usinesjt connected with hi§ late command, 
lid died, as we are led to suppose, actuoUy 
the council chamber {Cat, Htntr Pnprr^, 
m. 17 April). Hy hi« wife Judith, who 
■urvivod till 1829, he had ttwue, besides four 

TOL. XXV. 



danghter?, t wo sons, Jnlin anri Richanl, from 
both of whom Mr. C. Stuart Hawkins of 
Ilayford Hall, near Plymouth, cUima de- 
scent. 

lEnwkynphad perhaps a higher repute than 
his actual services wnrranted, not only n* his 
father'ti tmn, hut chiefly on account of his 
'(Jbgorvatiom? lu his Voiage into the South 
Sea, Anno Domini ir»9:r (8vo, ]6l>2). This 
wad in the press nt the time of his death, and 
wan publiHht.>4! ^thorily nfterwurdtt. It ia a 
work of great interest, dewribliig what he 
H&w and the detaJli? of nautical Ufe. It ia 
ftLl1,tD0,of hiatoricai instaucee; but onthefie, 
aft well OS on titu details of his Toyoffe, it 
would bti unaafe to rely. Ho wrote from 
memory, after the lu]i«e of thirty years, and 
makes extraordinary blunders, llis account 
of his father tiring on the Spanish admiral in 
Catwater in 15ti7 (Maukham, p. 11^) has 
passed into current history, hut is altogether 
tictition*. Of like chunicier is his account 
of the launch and the naming of the Dainty 
by his 8te|>-mother, or. as he calla her, his 
mother-in-law (I'A. p. 90); whereas a com- 
parison of the dates shows that the Dainty 
was launched and in active wr\'ice, om the 
Itainty, more than two y.'ors befon* hia own 
mother'i* death [see Hawkinp, Sir Jofix, 
]53i*-lo!}5]. 3Iany similar instances of mis- 
statement might Ix-> a<lduced. 

No known jHirtrnit of Sir Kichard Ilaw- 
In-nR is in existence. The jdcturo of which 
n reproduction is given by MiitB Ilawldns in 
her ' !*lymouth .Vnnada lleroes' ( p. 116) may 
possibly hi- oue, but, on th"' evidence which 
she brings forward (p. 137 : cf. Mi.BKHAM, 
p. xxi), cannot be accepted with certainty. 

[Dawkyns's Obw-rvaiiuns, &c., contain most of 
the biugmpbical inruntuitiiiu we have, down lu 
1.594. The work, originally puljlishi'd in 1622, 
wa.0 in<?Iiiide<l in an uliridf^od form in Purohn^, 
his Pilgrinirs (iv. 1367), was cditM for Ihu Hak- 
luyt Society in ♦**# by Captain Drinkwater 
BetbuDc (cf. Fronde's Short Studies. &l' ,i. 451), 
mid iiciiiii in 1B7H (The Ha»kin«>'« Vay'ip'^) \>y 
V. U. Markham, whose biogmphical intrft»luMion 
leaves liltli' to bo glaiDOil i-lHcwhere ; Cid. Statu 
PaperK, 1590-1622; Mtu Uiiwkiuk's FIvninuth 
Anna<lu Ilerocs.] J. K. L. 

HAWKINS, SUSANNA (1767-1868), 
Scottish ]>oetes», doughter of a b1ack»mi(b 
near Ecclefechan, waa bom in 17S7. Dedi- 
cating liff poemo to a lady of the house of 
Queen^berry, she describes her birthplace as 
adjoining 'the famed camp of Bumswork, 
wliere the brave Caledonians fought against 
the Romans.' Ueceivinir a meagre education, 
Su.'uinna w^ne in early life a herd and a do- 
! mestic servant, but at len^^h obtained some 
I elementary knowledge, and become an author 



Hawkins 



9»6 



in her middle njfi!. Tli*? proprietor of the 
* PmiifrieB Courier,' cbunuecl with her as a 
chnracter, gratuitously printed her noeme in 
litlk' voluiiioft with pnptT covers, mill forluilf 
a ctMiliirt' «\iv was known a* a vaodt^rtn^ 
miiiAlrf'l of th«> honU-rj. She soU her liook- 
lot« fritm hnuM' to house, travelling fnr in 
seuch ofnntivesof Diimfrieii. PhejveneTrated 
into Kngland; nndogpniat MancheMerpnlrun 
decliinxi thnt tlierf were two forces n Duni- 
fricHiiiti in I'Ji^rldiid C'ltdd not escape — dtiilh 
nnd Susy Hawliins. Sir F. W. Johnstnnc, 
hart., of Wester Hall, Dumfriesshire, granted 
her ground for a c<ittage at Ittlicf, near her 
brotlipr's rtnsid<mci> in the neighbourhood of 
Ecclefechan, and hen) ahe died through an 
ttccidtnt, 29 March 180&. 

The Utile volumes are nil more or less re- 
prints of one anotlier, and they are now rare. 
It seems tliat .Siittanna )H>gHn topuhllsli almut 
1H26, hut wlmt apiK'nrit to bo a first edition 
of ' The Poems and S<jnps of Suaojina Haw- 
kins ' ifl dated 1838. TIii« contains sixty 
pages; subsequent volumea reach h\\ pages 
morv. Nine voluuic^^ in all an.' extant, the 
last being pnbli«)hed in 1^1, and ii is sur- 
ZDiscd that there might b** one or two more. 
The poema an; lai^ely of a Uk-oI and occa- 
sional character, nod though fairly well 
rhymed are generally more rhetorical than 
]>ootic. The lofty autobiop'aphieul de<ltca- 
tion in more entertaining than tho verses it 
precedes. 

(Irving's Bictionary of Kminent ScoUmen; 
DnmfrieH Courier nod Annnn Uli»«rTfir; informa- 
tion from Mr. ('Dtlihert*in of the Annan Ob*errer, 
Mr. Andfirnon, |iublitth(T. Dumfries, and Mr. 
Fratcr, pnblishcr, Daltntfitlif.] T. B. 

HAWKINS. THOMAS (d. 1577), SLP. 

for Wiirwicli, [See Vi-^riF:!!.] 

HAWKINS, Sin THOMAS (d. DUO), 
poet and translator, was the eldest son of Sir 
Thomas Uawkiu?, knigUt-bunueret, of Nn$h 
Court, Kent, by Anne, daughter and heire-"* 
of Cyriac I'ettit, esq., of Doughton-under- 
the-ftlojin in the aarae county. John Haw- 
kinfi, M.D. [n-v.], and Henry Tlawkind, the 
Jesuit [c|.v.], were hia brothers. He suc- 
ceeded to the family eBta.tos on the d^-fllh of 
his father, 10 April I(J17, and was knighted 
by .Inine« I at Whitehall -1 Mny UUK (Met- 
VALVh, linok of KniffAtii.\h\7lU. Wood savs 
hfl wft.* ail ingenious man, cxctdlent in tlie 
faculty of mtisic as well as in poetry. He 
was a friend and correspondent of Jaiiira 
Howell, who mentions him In the ' Kpistoltn 
Ho-elianw.'and he was aUo acquainted with 
Kduiund Dolton [q. v.], whn selected him in 
lttU4 to be one of the origiiuil eighty-four 
membem of the projected Koyol Acadcuay, 



or College and Senate of Honour (AreJunr- 
ioffia, wxit. 144). Like all the membe»i}f 
his family, he woa o staunch catholic andn^ 
cuMUit. On 11 Dec. 16.*^ an attempt was 
made tmder a ciiuncil- warrant to Miucb tli« 
house of Sir Tbomns Hawkins, 'a great papifl 
And harb-^urer of priests.,' for Father Symoo^, 
a Carmelite friar, and other?. Lady tlawkiii* 
would not admit the oflirers without a «pecinl 
warrant, saving tliat her hus^band had ihp 
great seal ot Kngland in hi> trunk to pr^'-'-i 
her hous4», and the matter seems U' i ■ 
dnipped there (<?ri/. .S7fi/r Pfl/>rr», Drim. 1' '■■■'' 
l«t;i4, p. m19). Hawkins diwl nt Xa^h Court, 
Kent, toward* the clo«? of 1040. and wa« 
buried near the gra\-es of bis father and 
mother. 

He married Eliza b<'th, daughtt-'r of Oeorg* 
Smith, efMi., of Ashbv Folvllle, Leicester 
shire, and nad two sons, John and Thomi 
both of whom died young and without issue 

His works are: 1. *Tlie Cliles and Kpndc 
of KorncH in r^alin and English Verae,' Lon 
don, 111^5, 4to. The title-page is veri- neatli 
engnived. Tlie second edition is entltl*? 
' ()de5 of Horace, the best of I^yrlck Po>/t!;^ 
contayning much morallity and swcetrn'sse. i 
Selected, traof^IattJ, and in this edition re-' 
viewed nnd »'nlrfrged with many morH,*lA>n 
don, lt).SI,8vo, and again 1635 and hiSSi 
l:^mo. This translation 'n'a» plagiarised 
Dr. Ihirten Holyday fq. v.^ in D'..W. 2. Aa 
Kngli!»h trauslntion of ' The Holy Court, i 
the Christian Institution of Men of Quality^ 
With Kxnmples of those who in Court hamf 
flonrished in Sanctity. By Nicolas Cau^siq 
of the Soricty nf .lesus,' 2 vols., Paris. 1620 
4lo, thv? first volume being inscribed to (Jup 
Henrietta Maria and the ft*cond to Edwnr 
Sackville, carl of Donw-t. The third volnti 
wa* notpubllr<htwl in Knglish till HiJVI, whtin 
vols, i. and ii. were reprint k1 at Rouen in fol. ; i 
fourth volume followed in Dt.'i8,nnd rontaine' 
'The Command of Heasonover the ]V<viona.^ 
Olhereditions, l>ondou, Ifi.'^i*. DyW, lHti^l,and 
Ki78,fol. The Inter editions were probabl| 
prepared hv Robert Codrington [q. v.], ih 
puritan, wlio is Mid to have added soir 
tran.slations of his own. Hawbins was 
sisled by Sir Basil Brook. This work was fa 
many years in great favour, i-specially among 
catholici*. It contains lives, with portniiti 
of Mary Queen of Scots niul Canlinnl Pola 
3. An elei.'y in Sir John Beaumont, printed 
with that poet's ' Ik^&worth Field/ 1659. 



4. ' I'nhappy I'roBperitic, u.\pre5sc(l in th©j 
HiMoriesoi .Elius Sejanus and PhilJima thu 
Cotanian, with obsrrvntlojis on the fall of! 



S^'jimus,* translated from the French of Diem* 
Matt hieu, London, l(i32,4to, and 1«39, 1 -imo, , 
Dedicated to WUliam, earl of Salisbur^d 



Hawkins 



227 



Hawkins 



K 



B. 'The Christinn Diumftl of F. N. Cauwin, 
S.J., IranslateJ into Engliah byT. IL/Parw, 
1(532, 18mo; vtwl editinn, 'reviewed taiii 
much aupnented,' 1080; dHlicaW to VJs- 
«ount(»s Savape. It diOera sUgbtlT from 
*Tbe CbrUtion IHary otT. N. Caussin, S.J., 
tranalated into Knglish by T. II.' [Cam- 
brid^], 164)?, I2mn, and Ut4S, ISroo, whidi 
ms issued rather forproteatant tbancatholii* 
QW. (I. *Tbe Lives and singiilur Vfrtnef of 
Saint Elzenr, Count of Sabran, and of hia 
Wife tbo ble»«ed CounteBw IVIptiina, brvili 
Virpns ami Married,' tranitlate<i from the 
Krencb of ibe Jesuit Etn-iiue Btiii'l, Paris, 
lO.'W, Kvo ; dedicated to JoUu, earl of Shrewa- 
burj', and his cnimte«s. 7. A poem tu " Ion> 
, ,«oiius Yirbivs : or the Momorle of iien. John- 

^^[Ad-iit, MS. 24188. p. 147 : Brydgcs'« C*nBnra 
Ijilfniriii. 2iid ed. Iti. 21 : BrydgcVa Rcstitiitn, 
ii. II; Fole/'a Recordn, iii. 491, ir. 700; Gil- 
low'a Bibl. Wet.; Griffith's Bibl.Anjrlo-IVetini. 
p. 166; Hiutted'a Kent, iti. 4; LowbcIh'h tiibl. 
Mnn. ed. Boho, pp. 204. 394. 1016. 1115, Ifilu; 
Notes and Quoriea, 3rd ser. ir. 606. 607, 4th ser. 
66; AVood's Athene Oxod. od. Biin, iii.6'i4.] 

T.C, 

HAWKINS, THOMAS (18ia-18S9>, 
geologist, 8on uf Juhn and I^ith llawlfins, 
was boni at (Tlaatonbiiry on 25 Jiilv IHIO. 
lie studied anatomvarfiny's Hosnltal undrr 
Sir Astbiy C*Hnier,but ver>' soon Wpame in- 
terested in peoI()gy. In 1*^31 he was made a 
fellow of the Gtjologiciil Society. Ue be- 
came widely known a^ a collector of fossils. 
A collection which Iw bad procured in the 
lins of Devon, Somerset, anil Dorset wa.s pur- 
chased by the government fur 3,000/. and 
placed in the Britisli Mtineum. A strong 
ntemnrial waa presented without encoess in 
March 18%) in favour of a public grant for 
tha prircfaase of a second collection which 
Haw-kin.4 had formed. Hawkins generously 
prcwnted n number of fine specimens of 
•aiirianfoAsiUfmm the south of England lias 
t*» the peolopical museums of Cnrabridp? 
d^St'*) and Oxford (1874). He died in the 
Isle of Wight in Oclober 188fl. 

Hawkins wrote: 1, ' Memoirs of Irhthyo- 
ri and Ph'siosauri.' twenlv-eight jtlatee, 

\). fol.. Lf.ndon, 18^4. 'J. ; the Ilook of the 
Great Sea-Dragons.'witb thirty plates. copied 
from the Hawkins eollerlion in the Hritish 
Museum^ London, imp. fol., 1840, X * The 
I,o8t Angel and the History of the Old 
Adamites, found n-ritten on thn Pillars of 
Seth. A Poem," 4to. London, D=MO. 4. 'One 
Centenary of Sonnets, to her Most Gracious 
Maji?styQueenVi(-toriA,* royal IHnm, I^ndon, 
I. 5. ' The Wars of Jt-hovah in Heaven, 
h, and Heli,' with eleven engravings by 



^ 




John Martin, imp. 4to,l^ndon, IH44, ((.'Vic- 
torian Verses,' imp. fol., 1848. 7. ' Pmme- 
tlioiu: a Lyrical ilrama.Mto, London, iSfiO. 
ft. ' The Christian,' crown S\o, Lnndtm, 1853, 
U. ' Cicero's (supposed lost) Book on GUtry,' 
demy 4to. 10. 'Contra Judicos, Gentiles, 
et Hasreticns;' a tract (supposed) by St. 
Chrysostom, demy 4to, 1 1. ' ,\Iy Life and 
Works* (only I'vol. published), London, 
IH87, 8vo, Also various pamphlets between 
181& and 1850. 

[Hawkins'ii Autobiography, in vol. 1. of My 
Life and Workfl, 1887; eilnloguft of work* In 
the samoi Brit. Mu». Cat.; Times 31 Oct. 
1S80.] W. A. J. A. 

HAWKINS or HAWKYNS, WIL- 
LIAM id. 1554?), sea-capttiin and mi-rehant, 
son of John Hawkyns of TavJstoirk (rf. bo- 
frtre 1490) and his wife Joan, daughter of 
William Amada-H of Launcestoa, was pro- 
bably lK>rn at Plymouth, where hi-* father 
held laud under the corporation. HisalK'gGd 
kinship with the family of Hawkins of Nash 
in Kent is entirely unsulwtautiated. Xcitber 
his (Miji, Sir John Hawkyns, nor Sir JohnV 
son, Sir Richard, used the arms of the Nash 
family — ai^'nt.onasaltirc sable, five fleurs- 
de-lys or. All evidence points to iJie Ilaw- 
kynses being a Devonshire family, settled for 
many generations at TavistMk. 

Karly in thu sixteenili century William 
Hawkyn.«< was a well-to-do freeman of Ply- 
month. He aeems to have combined the 
businesses of shipowner, captain, and mer^ 
chant, alBO servin^r uccnsionally as an officer 
of the king's ships. He may probably bo 
identifitfd with the Hawkyun who in 1513 
was master of the Great Galley, a ship of 
700 tOBS and four hundred men. Tlie cap- 
tain of the Great (iallev at this time waa 
one John Flcmyng, and in the same fleet 
William Gonson was captain of the Mary 
Gnice ( Lfttern and Pnpei-t uf the Itfii^n if 
Henry I'll I, i. rifii*). In the next generation 
the families of Memyngand Hnwkvns inter* 
married with that of (ion»<on. \\'o may sup- 
pose that he was the William Hawkyns who 
in 15:2:), and again in 1*^:^4. wa^ associated 
with John .Vmsdas as a collector of the subs 
sidy in Devonshire {ib. iii. 13112; iv. 238). 

ilowkvns i« de.scribcd by Ilakluyt as *a 
man for his wisdom, valour, experience, and 
skill in ^ea causes, much esteemed and be- 
loved of King Henry VIH, and one of th« 
princiiwl sea-captains in the west parts of 
England in his time.' Only three of hia many 
voyages an? specially mentioned. In or about 
15:38, in command of bin own ship, the Pole, 
of S-'jO tons, he sailed fur tbe Guinea c^aat^ 
where he traded with the negroes for ivory 

42 



Hawkins 



lawkins 



liiii] Other commodities : tttiJ nfV«'rwnnlB, 

* ftrrivinff on lUe coiiBt of Brnzil, n««-'d there 
BttcU diiffretionand behAved himsi'lfsti wisf.ly 
with thaw sttviijfo p<*nnle, that he RTew into 
groat famlllariry and 1riendi«lnp with them.* 
In a second voyage (c. 15.10) * odp of ih"? 
fi&vafre kinffs of th<? country was aml^'ntt'd 
to tiilce ship with him nnd to ht? lr«n*porteii 
into Enghind,' Iliiwkyns IfavtiiK^ h^hind in 
tho cnuntrv', as ii |df<!to; of his safety, *oue 
Mtirtin riwliernm of Plymouth.' This Bm- 
liliau kin({ wns brought up to London nnd 
presented to Ilenr*' Vll[ nt Whitelm!!, iind 
a year Inter sailed with Tlawkyiis on the 
homewiird voyiip;. I'nfortunntely he died 
on the pasaaire out. and it wua featvd that 
Cockerum's life mijjlit be in dnnjvttr. Thn 
eavo^i;^ wre, however, ' piTsundmi of the 
honest dealinpaf our rai-n ; ' the hoslapv wiia 
Fiafely ri'strirwl, and Hawkyns retumwl to 
Knclnnd willi hh 'ship freighted and fnr- 
niished with the commodities of the country.' 
UakUivt, writinir in 15H9. adds, on tlie tt«ti- 
mony of Wir John llawkyriK. that (.'ockerara 

* was living in the town of IMymouth within 
these few vears.' 

In 1532-.^. nnd apiinin ir..S?*-n. llaM-kyns 
wnR mnynr of Piymimth, which he also re- 
prv'senttnl in the parlirimenta of l*i3n. ir>l7, 
and ].V>-1 {Oeloher to Ilecemlwr). In Fe- 
bruary 15.J4-5 be is spoken of as 'recently 
deceased' (Hawkins, p. 6). He marrie<l 
Joan, datighter of William Trelawney, and 
left ipHUG two sons, William (rf. ir>^9) and 
John, both of whom are separately noticed. 
Sir Fruncis I>rake i* sometimes sjioken of na 
the nephew of Sir. lolin HawkyuB, and it hna 
lieon supposed that his mother must have 
been a sister of Sir John, n dau|]fhter. that in, 
(^f William llawkvus. Ihit no exact evi- 
dence of thii* has Ixrcn found ; the degree of 
relationship between Drake and the Flaw- 
Icynses is doubtful. 

(Princii'a Wnrthiw of Devon, p. 3S9 : Hak- 
luyi'* Prinripnl Jfnvipitinnd, iti. 700. Thin mc- 
comit of Ilftkluyt's lim» been reprintml in The 
llawkino's VoyagBH, fdil«d for the Hiikluyt So- 
ciety by Clements R. Markhani. wfaoRo hintrra- 
fTTHphicnl introduction embodies mo^t of the little 
that is known. Misa Mary W. S. Havkinfe's 
Plymouth ArtuQfla lleroei eortaint some into- 
retttin^; nolet) uxtnieted from the Plrmnnth re- 
cords.) J. K. I*, 

HAWKINS or HAWKYNS, WIL- 
LIAM (rf. 1589), sea-captain and merchant, 
wap son of William Utiwkins (d. 1553) 
(<i. v.], nnd elder brother of Sir John Haw- 
kins (ir.3*2-lo95) [c). v.] In 1553-4 he was 
admitted to the freed<im of I'lymtmth. Ho 
took a pniminent ]Hirt in 1«h>a1 alTuirfi, nnd 
■woB three times mayor: in 1567-8, in 1 578-9, 



and ofraiu in 1587-?. It was during bU firaft 
mayoralty that the carbeat bylaws for tbi 
regulation of the shippiiif; in Sutton Pool 
were ifsued. In the following" year, I5tW-9| 
he built, it issaid.thenewronduit asj^oclaiaa 
with the Mnrket Cross in the Old Town. It 
is, however, as a tibipowner that his nama 
enters more promin-ntly into history. From 
the beu'lnningrif (hedifliirltnnces in theLiiW 
Count rie.« his ve.^sela cruised in the Channel j 
nominally privntftrrs, they liorv a clo«e w 
semblance to pirates. In 1568 be held ihfl 
commis.<ion of the Prince de Condf to act 
agaiDit the ships of the I.,eagtie. In iK-cera- 
ber 1*>I18 be wn* as«ociiited with Sir Arthur 
C^hamjiemownc.' in seizinir I he S|)nni$h treasure 
al I'lymoulb. Un 'JO Jan. lo«W-9 he sent 
to Cecil the news of the disastrous defeat 
of his brother John al Hati Juan de Lua, ani 
reqne:^ted that a share of the Spanish poodv 
detained in Phinouth mi^ht be allotted t» 
him in noin|ifn9Htion. On 27 Jon. 15tiH ~ 
he Bent word to Cecil of his brother's relur 
homp. Complaint* innumerable of the div 
prodntions cnmmltted by bis emisere wero 
raatle by the kinif "f Fninoe and the SpnniRh 
iimha'r'ador. These ships were apparentlv 
owned jointly with hi? brother John ; it ia. , 
impossibletodTBtinirui*bV*twe<'n t he I wo, 1 1 
more so as neit her of t hem seomfitobave tnke 
any pt'i-sonal part in the acts complained ofj 
but the name of Hawkyns, in its I'r»'nch for 
Haquin, or in Spanish Acliinea, became 
sound of terror in the narrow seas. In 1583 
he commanded an expedition to the Wes 
Indies, of which, however, nothing is knoi%-n 
Ijeytmd the mention of it by his nephew. Sit 
Utehard Hawkyns (Thr Hawk inn' Voyat/n^ 
Hakluyt Society, p. 212). Durinf? his tliir^* 
mayorn Ity be helped to fit out from Plymouth 
seven fhips Rp:n)nst the Armada, wtu* active 
in eollectmir reinforcements foribe fleet, and 
in April 15s9 contributed 'Ihl. to the loan 
rai^u to defray the expanses of defence. H*" 
died on 7 Oct. 1589, and was buried in the, 
church of St. Nicholas, Deptford, where 
monument to his memory wus erected bv hid 
brother, but no trace of it now remains 
Hi.4 will WHS proved in London on 20 OctJ 
15811. By a first wife HawkvTis was father' 
of William Hawkln-t or Hawkyns (_/f. 1505t 
[q. v.] and of three duujrhters.' Hi's second 
wife was Mary, danphter of John Halse, bv 
whom he had four sons and tbrtfe dau|;;^htent. 
Ilia widow afterwardd married Sir Warwick 
Uele. 

[Notes OTpplied by Mifs Mary W. R. Hawkins: 
CaI. StJite Papers {ifl6fl-891 ; Fronde's Hirt. of 
Koc'nnd; 'I'riinsftction>i nf the Di'vonshire Amd- 
ciHtiou. 1883; MissUawkins's Plymouth Armada, 
[leroos.] 



Hawkins 



339 



Hawkins 



HAWKINS or HAWKYNS. WIL- 
LIAM! t^//. loW). fiea-captain and merchant, 
eldest 8on nf William IlnwkinB or Hawkyns 
and iiejtliew nf Sir Jutiu 



l<i. l.'iW)) [)i. V.]. am 
lIiiwkiii!*(T*>:^:.'-'loi>5 



) [n. v.], ^pnvd in Sir 
I'mni-itf Drake's vriva^t-' ^<* 1^» South Sen in 
1577, presiimoblv in the Kliuibeth with Juhn 
>S'_viilfr, though po^iibly in the (ioIUon Hind 
^vitll l>rake hiiiiiH'ir( WrAti-nt Antiquanj,y\'\\. 
\:VJ\ f'ni. Stiitf rnjuri'H, Knst Indies, l."i IS 

180). In October I08I he wns, nominutcd, 
apparenlly at the request of hia uncle, (hen 
Iivasurer of the navy, as lieutenant to Ed- 
wan! Krnton (|. v.], Hppointwl to command 
ttn I'XjM'dition lur thi- lui.'-t Indies iitul China 
U'ai. fitttti- PnjHTA.Y.a.si Indies, loKi-lCiO, 
'isci. I(i3l, which sailed fnim Eufjland in May 
l>'i82. Nolwithstandiu^^ the connection be- 
tween I'Vnton nnd John llawkyns, who bad 
married sistera, there was from the first a 
bnd feeling between him and William Huw- 
kyn», arising partly nu dfuibt out uf jealousy 
oi' the claims which Imd been put forward 
<m behalf of young Hawkyns to command 
the exptnlil ion over Kenton's head; partly 
alirii, it may lio. out of the iiii^iplenl and in- 
jtubordinate rontliu-t of llawkyns himstdf; 
the fi-^-ding was donhtle.ns iiiten.>*ilied by the 
formal instruction to Fentoii not to remove 
him' but iii»on just cause duly provfd and bv 
consent of your assistants' ilUiCLfvr, iii. 
T»V>). WbiMi ihn little fleet was sailing h*nn 
Plyuiouth, llawkvDs was st'dl on bhure, und 
J'enton put to sea without him; he was 
brought out in the Francis, one of the t«qua- 
dron, and put on board his own ship, the 
l>eiceRler. Throughout the vovuge the cajt- 
taiu and the Ijeuteuaut M-eoi to ua^e quar- 
rollwl and thwarted each other on every oc- 
casiou (llAJiLiYT, Principal yfiv>t/iitivii^,od. 
1589, p. fl>4 ; M.\itbiiAM, p. 357). and the 
Ivpice^ter finally arrived in the Thames with 
JIawkyn.s in inms. It doet* not npp*'ur that 
John liawkyuH gaveliis nejdiew an^riiipporl 
in this quarrel: for five years afterwards he 
was on terms of confidential friendship with 
Fenton {CaL State Paptrn^ Dom. 14 Uec. 

Ilawkvn* may probably be identified with 
the William Ilawkyns who, in lo87, com- 
manded the Advleu 00 the coast of Ireland 
iib. Ireland, 30 Oct.): nnd again with the 
William Ilawkyns who, in l'*S*', comnmnd«'d 
tltc> UrilVui againnt the ' Invineilde' Arniitdii. 
. ban, indeeil, U'en MiiggvKted that llie com- 
fender of the Orillin was his father, then 
of PlyiDouih (Hawkins, p. 14); but 
_j impowiblu, for on ID July the (.tritbn 
"ftt M-a with Sir Fruucis Drake, and the 
ouyor of Plymouth was on shore collecting I 



;ur rent-charge, or any part thereof, 
wise this cit't shall he void.* lie 



reinforcements (State Paper/, Dora. Eliza- 
btitb,ccxii. 68,81 ). Hawkins was, however, 
not an uncommon Devonshire name, and it 
is ([uite possible thai tlm comtonndrT of tho 
Advice or QriHin belonged to «omu other 
family. 

By his father's will in 1589 Ilawkyns in- 
herited an annuity of 40A His uncle, Sir 
.lohu Ilawkyns, left him by will in I0II5, 
lieside* a share of the prospective prohts of 
the lost fatal voynga to the West Indies, 10/. 
a year to be paid quarterly, *on condition 
that lie do not alienate nor sell the same 
wnnuity nur : 
for uihtTwise tlim gii 
lelY also Ifgucii's of lOC)/. to each of llaw- 
kviis'a children, to be payable * to every such 
child at the time of their mnrriage, or at 
the accomplishment of their several ages of 
eighteen years, which shall first hapjien.* 
From the w*)rding of this clause it would 
fe^-m probable that the children were girlsj 
but we kjiow nothing more of them. 

Nor, indeed, do we certainly know any- 
thing more of Hawkyns himself, though fie 
has been idt'ntilied (SfARKHAM,p. xliv)wiih 
tli'.'man ofthi> same name w}io in |(!<)7 com- 
manded the Ko.*)! India ComjNiny'ssliip Hec- 
tor on u voyage to Sural [see Keemno, Wil- 
liam], nnd was charged with 'bis Majestys 
h.-llera and presentsto the princes and gover- 
nors nfCnniWya, on account of his experience 
nnd language' ( Cft/. S/afr Pnprm, Kh*I Indies, 
151;i-lUlO, No. 361). Tliis William Ilaw- 
kyns, on arriving at Surat, proceeded accord- 
ingly IQ .\gni and the court of the Great 
Mogul, which he reached in .Vpril I(X)0, and 
when* be remained for nearly three rears. 
According to the account given in his 'Jour- 
nor (MAiiKitAU, p. 389) the emperor limk 
much pleasure in liis conversation, und de- 
tained liim, assigning him a haud$<ime main- 
tenance, eatiniHted at npwnrds of 3,00(>/. a 
year, his serious occupatmn being to combat; 
the iulrigue.H of the Portugues*' and to en- 
deavour toobluin af'ormal penni.H.<ion forthe 
establishment of an Knglish factorv at Surat. 
His favour with the emperor enabli-d him Ij» 
overcome all dillicuhies, and the n'quired 
license wai given; it was the first distinct 
recognition of Knglish cnmmerc*: in the 
P^ast. The emi>eror was desirous of attach- 
ing him to the country and to his interests, 
nnd prfssi'<l him to niarrj' a maid out of tho 
IMihice. Hawkyns consented, conditionally 
(m her not being a ' .MiH)r,*and accordingly 
he took towite the daughter of an Armenian 
Christian. Afterwards, having fallen int4> 
some disfavour with the emj-ieror. he was 
oUowed to dejnrl, and in ibis the Portu- 
guese readily a&sibted him. He left Agra m 



Hawkins 



330 



Hawkins 



I 



NoTcmbor Itfll, and thi¥« montliH later 
nfrireJ at Surnt, where In? found Sir Henry 
Middlelon [<|. v.], with whom ho went to the 
Itwl Sea, and afterwnnia to Java. At Bau- 
lam he went on board the Thomns [we 
SxRiH, John], and in h»*r iMiilrd for Kiiplnnd. 
She touched at the Capo in Ajihl 1013. and 
on the pasaaoe bouie, pnjhnbty n«<ar the end 
of it, Hftwkyns died. Hid rviuuin» were 
brought to Ireland and tbere buried ( Cal. 
mate Paperit, ICnat Indi*-*, 151.')-ltJl«, No. 
810). Ity his nntive wife, wlio hod occom- 
IWDiril tuoi, and was with bim on board 
th« ThouiHs, he does not Bt«in to hiive bo*] 
iiktiiip. In the following jear ohe marriiM] 
('Aptaiu (iubriel Towersou [q, \.\ and with 
him relumed to India. 

This Uawkyns was rertninly a man of 

superior nbilitr, and renden-d valuable wr- 

vic.' Ut Engli^h commerce in imicnrinp its 

I.huiaI ivci»aTiiMon at .Siirat. But his iden- 

tilicniiiui with till' n.'phfw of Sir John Haw- 

kyuii if, vt'r>' un.iat ii>fuctory. It \h not basod 

on nny evidenrc: and, indeed, what little 

rvidi-no' ther»' isfcrms to |iotut the npjKisite 

way. Kenton's lieutiMtnrit, if only by Ten»on 

of hts hami> and famdv, van a man of oomn 

nuiMHjuohOe, aud it u ditlicult to conceive 

that h« could hnT« bt*ea to the W'ejit Indies j 

{<•(, Makiliuii, n. -U^l \ or buve' gained ex- 

perienev in the rjist without any riMJord re- 

inaininfT. I'enlon'* lieutenant had not a 

hr^nhrr Chnrlwi i Hawkins, p. Ut). nor yet 

hrvtthers (Jih-a or Uv^er; the Mopul's frienil 

Piiw to have hnd nil three |M\BSiuu, 

xlti 1.; Of/, State /W;irrj», I'JtsI Indies, 

lAUH UUtl. Nivi. tmi. S«tJ. jr4>. a pood 

kI nn<» Mid in IHU nUnit the inheritance 

Tfti 1 1,.. » ,.l..w of (^tiptaiu Hawkyns who died, 

e lUtiwIate. lUi Umnl the Thomast 

I ;'.l, HMtl l*nH|.>, but uothinjj was 

ploiuted lor any dnutiblerf hy a former mar> 

ItiAtt^'- Amitber (k^tni is this: when, on the 

||HU<Mmv out in liH>7, t*ftpluin Ki<etiuif called 

PMiHmni il toivn^uder the adviAability of ttiuch- 

llttf at Sierra l^*ttne, tl was tes3lved to do 

, |i>, UvHtiw 'Sir l-'rauei* t>mke and Captain 

^CH\ondi»U had mude 11 fnvountblu rej»ort* of 

lUVliixt Soc.. p. MS»; but not a word was 
Mid alH»ul the much B^'"'*r cxiK'riencc 
HUil kiu>\vb>^tg>> itf Sir John llnwkyn!:. All 
whii-h leihU Im the eonetuHiiin thai thellaw- 
' Vvu* of Kriiiit liuhan diitiiiwiiou was not 
the Mm and ^nindk^in of the mayors of PI7- 
mouth, 



fTho JouriiaU of Kentuu'* Mpetlilioii in ldS2- 
IA«» .10 ■...>-,[.•• nf the Hceturtn lflo7-8,and 
(it II" -iilmuv* isi Atim Ar(^> printed in 

Slark M .!> of The Hnwkinii'ii Voviigct 

^H*klH;t HM.J. OolloD. MS. Otho Kriii*. eon- 



Iftins nuiny papers rclntinf* to F«ntAn*s expfdi- 
tion, CDToml of them stgntd hy Ilawkrof ] 

J. K. L. 

HAWKINS, WILLIAM (d.lC37),port, 
van prjhnbly boru at Oakin^rton, nearOtw* 
bridpe. lie was educated at Chnsl's CoIl«'pe, 
Cambridge, groduat i ng: D A. 1 62^ - 3, and 
M.A, U\'2(i. In theintfn-al he l)ycamema*tiT 
of the free irmmniar scho<d at HadIeich,S>if- 
folk, but pave lip the post to become eurnie 
to the rector of Itadleigh, Dr. Thnma*G"i*d 
{157tt-lti»*» [q. v.\ who admired hi* I^tiu 
veraiML He died )n 10.17 jirobablv of Tli« 

t liaise then rsfrinp, and khs huri^i at llod- 
eiffb on 211 June of that year. 

llnwkins was author of: 1. A lyric*! dmnJi 
entitled * Apollo Shro\*ing* (lyjndcm, I(i:f7i, 
which was «ct<>d by ibe boys of Hadlt'C'U 
school on Shrove Tuesday, Feb. liW»-7, 
.Towph Beaumont ( 10l(J-HUH») f (j. v.j tnkmc 
a prominent part. Some lined in the siren's 
SODginct iii. nc. 0, U. lU-15) may have Ven 
remembered by Milton when describing Kve 
visit inp: her fruitA and flowers {^J^radUe 
Lout, hk. viii. 11. 40-7). 2. A volume of 
I^liu verse entitled 'Corolla vuria . . . <Kc« 
logic trea A'irjnlianjB declinatw . . . NUu* 
verbenins et vapulans, decantatus (vr Miisas 
virjjifenie, juridicas),* 3 pU. flvo, Cnmbridtre» 
lt{34. A full analy.sis of this ruriaus and 
clever Toliirae i^ given in Pigot's ' llndleijrli/ 
pp. 179-8.J. ;). Verses in the Cambrid^tt- 
coUcctioDS called ' Rex redux,' on the kin^'ft 
return from Scotland in IBIiS ; ' Cnnnen. 
Natulitium,' on the birth of the Prince** 
Kliiabeth, ItJS.'i ; and * "S.vt^ta sivo Musarum, 
(^antabrigiensium concent us,' &c., on th 
birth of the Princess Anne, 1(W7. 4. I^ttit 
elpiries hv him on Edwanl fiale, njiotbecarf 
of Hadleiph, law, in Brit. Mus. Addit. MS. 
15227, r. (W. 

[PigotftHwlloigh, ISAO.pp. l76~S6:Brydge»'i 
ReMiiuln, iii. 23f{; Hunter's ChomsValum, vol 
iT. (Addit. 31S. 24490, f. 299).l O. G. 

HAWKINS, WILLIAM (1673-17I*'.\ 
Serjeant, u descendant of Sir John Hawkin 
or linwkyus (|. v.', and second son of John 
Hawkins and Mary, dBUghter of Edward 
Dowe of Islip, Oxfordahirc, was bom in 1 '57't, 
In l«Wl» he ffmdunted BA. at. St. John's 
Collepe. Cambridge, and M.A. in 109.*t. Hw 
was admitted a member of the Inner Tempi* 
10 Feb. 1700 (or possibly 24 Nov. 17(U, 
OS two persona of liis name upiwar in thu 
books). He became a gerjeuni-ot-law oa 
1 I'eb. 1723. Thoufih his nnioe is not men* 
tionerl in the 'State, Trials' (xvii. 307). ha 
nppearwl with oilier counsel fortho wardei>s 
of tho Fleet. Ilugpins and Ihimbridge, oa' 
their trials respectively for the murders "* 



Hawkins 



«3i 



Hawkins 



Ame (ifid Castell, pri«oner* in iht- Fleet, who 
died of hnnUhip and ilt-u&age there. His 
great work was his • Treatise of the Pleas of 
tho Crown,' of which there were folio «li- 
tions in 1716. 17lU, 17.'*9, 1762, and 177!. 
He also published in I'll an abriilgniKril of 
tho 6r*t part of * Colie'd InplituleV which 
ran through many editions, and Is prai&ed 
• by Bla*^kslone(C'«m»rt^n/a/i>jf, b. iii.c. xvii.); 
in 17-W ail abridgment of bis own * Plea*/ 
»nd in l73o a collection of statutes at lar^. 
He died in 1746. He married, firstly, Misa 
Jenyns, daughter of Sir Robert Jenyns of 
Carabridgeahire, and secondly, Miss Ham of 
I'oleriiino, co. Londonderry ; a son, William 
Hawkins, by his first wijfe, is separately 
noticed. 

[Woolrych's Eminent Sorjcants; GrodoatiCan- 
tabr. ; Burkna CommoiiL-rs, ii. 21a; Pul while's 
Devon, i. 302.] J. A. II. 

HAWKINS, MTXLIAM (1722-1601), 
tbcoloKian and povt, was eldest son of Wil- 
liam Hawkinti, 8t*ijeant-at-]aw [a. v. J, by his 
first wife, a daughter of Sir Kooert Jenyns 
and iister of 8oame Jenyns. Tbroiigh his 
grandmother he was desct-ndt-d from Ttomas 
Tewialo, one of the founders of Pembroke 
Colh'ffe, Oxford, and, to avail himself of tha 
advantages of founder's kin, be mafriciilated 
then* on 12 Nov, 1737. He jrmduated B.A. 
on 26 Feb. 1741-2, anJ on 2 starch following 
was admitted a fellow on the TeMhilo ftuin- 
dation. BoAwell mentto:ts Hawkins as one 
of the distinguished etlumni of Pembroke 
College, when commenting ou Johnson's de- 
scription of the college as ' u ne*t of slnging- 
birJs.' The serjeaot lived in the city of 
Oxford, and for some years hi.*i son dwoli at 
the university, busying iiim.st-'If with tho 
com]H>t.itinn of sermons, poems, and trage- 
dies. *>n 10 April 1744 be proceeded M.A., 
and, when Lowtb vacated the professorship 
of poetry in 17G1, Hawkins succeeded to the 
chair (6 Juno 1751 to 17o6). He bad been 
for some years ordained in the Kngliah church 
bofori' lie was instituted on 27 Aug. 17tVl to 
the small n^ctory of Little Casterton, Kut- 
landshuv. He removed Ht tlie close of 17ft4 to 
the valuable rectory of Whitchurch Canoni- 
corum, l>orsetflhtrv, which bo retained until 
hill death. He hold the prebendal .';tall of 
Combe (seventh) in M'ells f'Hfliodral from 
bifl collation on /" March 1707 to his decease 
in ISOL Tbroughoiit his life Hawkins was 
indefaligublc in writing and preaching, and 
he was one of the earliest Bampton lecturers. 
He died in a tit at Oxford on 13 Oct. 1801. 
A'ery early in life Hawkins contributed *a 
I fe w trifling pieces to the magazines,' and in 
^^B743, when he was only twenty-one, he pub- 



lished bis first work, 'The Thimble, an heroi- 
comical Poem in fuurcanttts, by a Gentleman 
of Oxford,' which was reissued in the fol- 
lowing year. Tliis obvious imitation of PopeV 
'Hape of tho Lock' was dedicated to Misa 
Anna Maria Woodford, ' the comjileatMfc 
liousewife in Europe.' His next venture was 
in play-writing, and it remained his passion 
for nearly Iweiity-five veiirs. ' Henry nnd 
Itoaamond, a Tragedy, wm>* puldjshed in 
I740,and was at once pirated by the Dublin 
printer?. It w^as offered to the managers 
of Drury Lone Theatre and declined, out 

* though never acted it is not a bad piece.' 
It is a laborious attempt in the manner of 
Shakej5peare,who8(? play of 'Cymbeline,' with 
alterations by Hawkins, was acted at Covent 
Garden Theatre and condemned «■■» Ijeing * en- 
tirely ruined by las unpoetirnl ndditious and 
injudicious alle^alioni^.' The mangle<l play 
was printed in 1759. Of a third play, the 

* Siege of Aleppo,' which was never acted, 
Hawkins alleged that it had met the approval 
of * Judge Blackatone, Mr. Smart of Cam- 
bridge, Mr. .Samuel Johnson, and Mr. Thomas 
Warton.* (Jarrick, to whom it was sub- 
mitted, rejected the piece as 'wrong in the first 
concucJion,' and an amusing account of his 
quarrel with its author appears in Boswell's 
' Johnson ' (Napier's ed. ii. ftlO-1 1 ). Haw- 
kins had further correspondence with Garrick 
respecting three more plays, * The Queen nf 
Lombnrdy, or the jVmbitious Lover,* ' Troilus 
and Crewidu,' and ' Alfred.' The last had 
been altered to meet the manager's objections. 
The letters are printed in I'orster's 'Gold- 
smith ' (i. 187-8) anil Garriek's ' Corresjwnd- 
ence' (i. 440-1, 6G0-8, ii. 6-13). Haw-kins 
accounted for tlie rejtvtiun of Ids pieces by 
alleging that he had given Gurriek some 
olFL'nco in connection with the previous play 
of* Henry and Rosttuioiid.' .V volume isened 
ill 1754 under the pwudonym nf Gyles Smith, 
containing 'Serious Kcflectiona on the Daiw 
gerous Tendency of the Common Practice of 
Card-plsying.'Is nttribute<l to Hawkins. In 
1758 he collected and publishiMl in three 
volumes his separate publication.s. Tlie first 
volume consiated of tracts on divinity; the 
second of dramatic and ot hf rpocms, including 
the 'Thimble,' ' Henry and Kosamoud,' and 
the ' Siege of Aleppo ; ' nnd the Inst of bis 
lectures on poetry and hisCreweian oration.", 
delivert^d as professor of poetry at Oxfonl. 
Goldsmith wrote a review of ihese produc- 
tions for the 'Critical Iteview,' whicn is in- 
cluded in Gibbs's edition of his 'Works' (iv. 
392-9). On most of them he commented 
aeTerely, but he singled out tho plav of 
'Aleppo' as deserving applause. Hawliinfl 
replieu in a maladroit defence, signed' Yen- 



— ~ .~ -J -±" -- . -Iff t- ■ - 1- TTsays 






"■ ; --; "^ :i~r:. i':/'<rA 

-- _' _: . ■—■■»."- :-T -"T-i.rvrv.>r 

_: . ..: ■._;■:. ■:::-: rL-writi<'r 

"-- ::■ -.:- :r Aiinei 

--.*-'• • - -' - _:l-ti-< (r.r 

"■**-""■.. !" '...- ■w>,-*r 



r.'.i' 

:■'■ "x- 



N. ii.i--vi." 



■ ■:..- ±-: Ihuk^- 
:-.- r:.i- Wr,:i> 

L -_■ ■:.- K'.::_-V i.i.iil.rr 
: y.-:.' - .: .r::::-!::>. t'li 

■ :- : : -■;- .l,^ie,. ..t" 
. ■ '^ - '■ :..t'.'.. >:. .laiiR's's 

- ■ >.\..TV .-l" '.HI/. I-'T 

■: -. •.' <ji SrTt.iris 

- -i- f..;.ra at lUt/. 
.:.:-..-r;:f.j-.int«i(irL'ti) 
: ' :' : J :'- w m* 'in li> Jiiriiii: 
.' \".-.r/!..r.ijb. mul whilr 
1: >j :\v-siirvfynr (June 
:rj.:':?m:m* to th»? IniarJ 
- r ucd Grvenwick at tbd 
, izi was succeeded bj 




awksmoor 



*i3 



H awksmoor 




Wnnr. He MMed Wtm m ikecne- 
of St. Pkulf OstWdnl mm aftv it» 
fToramenctfiDtmt ^21 Jvae 167S), 
<-<intu'cttHl with tb«* varlt tillita 
<1710). ll*-fimfbed(1713>tfce I iiV i af 
Ka^ton Neston in NcTt2iuBfA«mhiR, fr»- | 
bably under Wr^n. wbo. alio«t 16A]^enclai , 
tht* winv^, which baw MBer boMi fwUrf 
dowH I plan uml tl^vKtsin m CufVCOX, FT- 

tnt'l'uJi L'n'tirnni'ni', l, r<>^100). HfrUUftCii 

.Sir J . Vanbru>;li ( 1 7U'J-U)u CwdelloTBrd, 
York^hti^*, and wu at the tine of kis death 

I npf ri in nnitnirtintrihr ■■■■nnhnam rhrrr 
fniin hiB iin-n dennu^ Hub vast WeariieM 
instanCH of depoldinl gyfaidowr ' ra Ewiud 
UDCoiineett-d with ui eockansticaJ bwliUBg 
( Wai.poi t, Anrrd'ttr*, ed. WcnmmumA Dtl- 
Uwar.p.'lKS; engraving by H. Mow, 18U>. 
He u-a« kUn AAufttant-AurreTar mJer Sir 
John Vojibruffh at Itlenbciiii PaUee, Oxfoni- 
shire(6Junel710-l.j>. Ilis salon- vu JOO/. 
{KTanniini.&nd IHOI. for ndiiigdbm^gti{Addit- 
MS. 19(K>;t. wiThHaifinenUof irre^larpaj- 
^]^nt^ ]>. I Id). In the British 3iaaeam<i&. 
UH^iT ) 19 a t«nes of iMtera becweea Hawk*- 
mtKir ami Ilenn- Joy nets* rwident cnnmjler 
or clerk of t he wurka'ac Blenheim, ini^-iratiDe 
aaoueof thoiuany examples of Ha wk^mnnr ft 
tealitiu attention to dt-t&iUiiA. 19007, pp. IH, 
1^6; fv nbstract of the letter* by VN'tait Pai-- 
woHTll in Itij^. ln*t. hrit.A/rhiterf J,' Journal^ 
lt*8VI-90,vi. 12-14,44 6,(i(>-3>. I'ptoJune 
1710 Uawksmoor, who had be«n * lon^ out 
of money and at preat expeiues,' had received 
""v. (mantuKript Account of the Money u- 
tmd r-rpendtd, 13 Feb. 1 704-5-i Jime 

10, p. iti. in Sir John S^mnr'^ Mu«(>um). 

At Oxliird Hawkittuoor was buHtly cm- 
ed from an early period. In l(IRt2 he 
i^ed the library of Queen'* ColUye, Ox- 
ford (plan and ek'Tftt ion in istixirrau. TM&trt 
de ia Orande Jirf^taffite, \~'2\, iii. 47), tho 
Jittintr* forit (put up 1700-I4». and the first 
or»onth(]uadn!ini;Ie witbdtreet facade (6 Feb. 
1710-69). The work is sometimes as<rnbed 
to Wren, and ^nmetitnpd to the provost, Ih". 
Ijftucaster, and ts said to bear a faint resem- 
blance to the Luxi'mbourg (pngrn^inps by 
Burghera and by Vertue, 1727, Sskltox, 
OjTumn, 2 vol. edit., pi. .tl.; sutiith front in Ox- 
ford Aimnnack, by K. and M. lUwker, 1775, 
SiELToy.pl. xli., Williams, Oxonia Drjiirtn, 
pl.xxii. xxiii.) AtC^aeen'aCoIUve is aport- 
ibtioconlalninf; many rough druwingmotsug- 
ffeat ed designs for the buildings, aome of which 
boar eonfiiderahle n^iiemhlaiice to the work 
•a executed. Foiirtwm viewr* were eiignived 
by Burghers ond wsued with an appeal for 
fund.'!, entitled* The present State of the new 
Uuildingfi of Queen's College in Oxford,' De- , 
cexnber 1730. The pamphlet had previously ^ 



aPateMiylfletwiilioaC iUaMn- 
ffiBl—iii wMtW arekitect of the 
[Hwle<exccf«thelil)nnr)at All 
SB^'OoOefC, c««et«l betwwa ]7iO and 
XtZL The twDtawen hare been attributed. 
oa ■wnaat of their hM«t;. to %Vr>-a ( cf. KUI- 
sOMOS, ifarf: tf ArMUrtmrv, iv. 314 1, bat 
HaahiBoor aeena lo haie <le««giie«i them, 
aaol they ar* aawig the carbat exantples of 
mifiem Gatlae wwA. The exteiior of the 
towfs waa reatored in 1838 (|dat# in Ojf'»ni 
Almmmadk, 1738, by Veitae, reproducml in 





n«tt 

V'aa der OadiC Several coppet^plaies of 
Ua«ksiBoor''8 deagns by \'aD der Guchi, 
Hubburirfa. £c., ap|iarentljprvpared for the 
* (>ifoTd Almaoftck,* »om** signed ' N. 11.' 
1717 and 1721. are in the munimeiil room 
of All SduU' CoUe^). Ilawksmoor had been 
coiunltcd as early aa 1714 {see manuscript 
explanatioos of ^ deaigna at .\11 f^^iuts), 
wuenit had been the intention to pull down 
the whole of the old buildingjt. But he 
pleaded for the retention of all that vcoa 
Str^mgand durable ... in re»pect to antiquity 
a.9 Wtflfaaour present advantage *^I.>ener al- 
tached to * explanations,' 17 Feb. 1714-16). 
He al0Oprepoi«d for .\U Soub a dc,<>t^^ for a 
new front, next the Iligli Street, in which were 
two gateway.'!, but thi» was never execut«d 
(t<levatinn in "Williams, (Xiy,ma, pi. xxxi.) 
About 1720 he made designs for the rebuild- 
ing of BraeenoseCollegi- (plates in Wll-UVMS, 
xxxviii. : Oxford Almanack, 172^t, by \'er- 
tue and Burghers; Skeltox, iiI. Isv.) The 
dniwingK aT>:* i*tt]l in the coUege, together 
with others for a (tarlial rebuilding, appa- 
rently hv the some hand, dated 17;i4. IIo 
prepared designs for the UadclilVc Lihnirv, 
but they wore not executed, those of Oih&a 
being preferred. (About seventy of Havvka- 
mfKJr'sdra wings are preservt'd iti ( he lladclilfe 
Library Mu(>eum.> Ilittpart in thi^ dt^signing 
of the Old Clarendon liuihlinga (u.sualiy at- 
tributed to Vanhrugh ) whs uo doubt i'oiuiide> 
able, and 100/. was grunted by the university 
to ' gratify' Hawksmijor for the work. 

In 1713 Hawksmoor suneyetl and re- 
ported on IJererlev Min*ler, tht-u in a ruin- 
ous condition, anii directed the repairs, in- 
cluding the scrt'wing up of the north front 
of the north transept, which had inclined 
forward four feet beyond it* haw. The i»- 
veution of the maeliinen* Uf'i^l has (tome- 
tiniesWen allribulinl to Ilawksnu-mrl /J/flrf** 
HWAly Journal, of Itntiith (iitsetteer, 'iT^lnrch 
\7lU\i fSent. Mu'/. 1807. ii. 621 ). But it waa 
really due to AVillinra Thornton, ' joiwr and 
afchitecl,' of York (engraving by Van dor 




-54 



Hawksmoor 



:;mii. -iiVTioiLiiiid view of int'.'rii'r in IJliiirn.v 
■!ii<l I'niis, i. !*4 : C'lakki:. jil. ].\x?:vii.) It 
w.i'* n:irninL;(*il in l'*7-)-i! Iiv \^ . lliirt-,:- 
:[•■]■}. llawk>nnn)r's churcli <A' Sr. f J- c^r^' ■>. 
I»i--ii:ii>I>iirv I 17l'0-oO. c-inuS'-iT;!!--!.!''!! I'-^J.!:;. 
\7'-''] I. r-ii:;irli;ili!^' jis i»iim nt" [!:i' ..arii.?: uf 
"iff v-!iii;v;.— ; wi;!i piriii:- »».■-. !irrt-r\v;;ril- j^'i 
l';i>!i: ■:;;iM'. :;:.< Iir>_']i tin- iiK;t-i-: i-t' i:ir;,'It cri- 
!:.->'.ii. ' ■.'.. .■ -r..>!iinat..i-\ i lUl.i'H. Criti-ri 
/.'■ ■' ■. - ■-. ".■.! l' I and t'iil'j:s*;L' i l'^ 'Ui'/ 
t . , :". . -■'.. ::-/rr. ]^Ui. ].. L'Ul. Th".- 

-■■]■'.•. ■.'■•.'.'. : I fralisf I'lJMyV '!"-iTii>- 
■:■■.■,■:"•,.-.:.:. - .■ ;i:n at IJiiKcirrui^'-'l--. was 
;. ^ r " ■ . '*\ .,::■ .'..' ( A/i/-' fh.t- •■. ]>. (>-"•( ;.:■ 

■ ;i r.:.!-"-. ' -"■ '.■ ■: alv-urditv, c ■;;.>^i-'*iTi:: "l" 

\ ■.■ \\\\\\\ lilt- >I:iT.>' .■rif'-.j.I. 

'.. r \.'.[ j-ii]j]".ri. r- ■ (]il;;:.- in 

. y.WA AM', p. I;;r.<t : M\i.- 

;; •' i,i,i<fi-i\ \'\. Ixwi. •■ In 

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'.-. \:.T- -lis ut' a t ta'iiy .'l^f- 

■■ - il.iiv.li ■vva^ alt-r-i in 

>r ■*, i;.A.. Avlio r--::*' \!,-l 

■ -. "..- !■.! ]"-ws, and rl-.-- W n 

■ •, ■' ,— ■ ..1" ill.' ^^■].^ -i Ml- 

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- ■:.:■. , "::'irt-!n's ' linilr lV'".u 

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■, ■..■i.'inii'd," imd of u ii'trlion of St. .lohn's 



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Haukwood 



^nM« l-r W. H. U«l«». r- *"> • H'««i«»l 



iB«oto. II, 70 ; l*n.A o' Arenit. CqU. ■* kn0- 

f J*- 

It * 

}i-/\' 1^1^' ^ rr: 1 i i j-i . " r ' ■ •* 

t.. K.r.,,.1, , |*rintBDn«C«(. 

W«ft'« IliM. KriL; OoMh* Br^t- 
I i.'U I.HO. 76(!». ii 05; BmlJrf. »«I1. 

HAWKWOOD, MK JOHN r>r.(rf. laOi). 

f[i>ii>T»l, M-cofiil •••n nf lilllti'rt <lf* UiLw-kwooi 
t,t M<Mlinf(tmui Sibil, Ilinrkfonl, Kmcx, a 
iATiiicr. wB<i U»rn in thii ptjue Mrty tn iIh* 
L/mirtwnili omiury. (tilWrt (1<? HawkwoiMl 
raa n inAti nf tuUiftDiTKanrl p?Dl1c bl'x>Ipthf> 
kuu\y Uh\ttin Ii'-M Unit at IIp<lin)r)tJ>ai Sibil 
linw tlw fitrn of John. Th*- rra-l'ition that 
ItwkwixKl tw^an lif'' na « tnil'ir in Kondon 
robttbly ori({iu*twI in Italy, anii frmna or- 
iipliim of hi4 name, whirh M(itr»«-j \'ilLam 
pelU Oianni della (lufrlia (Jolin of th? 
Naedlft). Hit ii alio laitl to havp h^i^n iin- 
III (fr thi" Kn'tirli wars, iiml to have 
Ian an archer in ih'- army of IviwanllH. 
In IS'lOJIawkw'i'wl woi inlIn.«cony incom- 
Ttiiindnfii inni|M»ffn.'*'-lancs'*.who maintained 
lln'tnwIvH^ by pilliisf'-', and in the siunm«?r of 
that yfnc t<xik I*au Irv storm, robhln;? ibtf 
rlt'f^fv, and iHlinir tbf faity ulon*-. From Pah 
llawkwnoil led his mt'ntowni>U Italyjt.iptn^ 
tOf>*cflpe t be plairue which wa» t Ii<'n d^jmlalia jT 
I'rancf. tind in ihw autumn of 13«J0 joined hii 
fore«> lo thow of anotht-r compiiny of frw>- 
httnUTT*, which, undfT Bernard de la Salle, 
WAN aitvanrinj; from the north with theMme 
iibprt. On 28 Dec. they took Pont rivi|irit, 
thirty milL*« north of AvigTion, then the seat 
tif the papacy, and nft it levying a vnbstantidl 
coni rihm ion from PnpflnniHf lit VI(rt'ckimL-d 
bvI''roi.'wartat i!iitty titim-sand francs, of which 
Ilawkwo-Kl rvc^-ivwl a sixth ; ami by Matt*^ 
Villnni at one hundr*>d thousand florins of 
gold), proctHxIed on thi-ir woy lo Italy, and 
T'ntcrort tho 9»Tvicii of John I^leologui, mar- 
<|ui» of Mnnferrato. Ilawkwood tarried for 
a little in order to take part in the battle of 
llri^ais, where the Kngltith defeated the 
French under Jtu:<)iies de RourbouonUApril 
i'Ai'J, and thf>n followed hia comrades into 
Italy. The ManjuLi of Monferrato was at 
war with th<^ Vivonti of MUao,and employod 
his new auxiliurietf, who numbcnxl between 
five and six thutuand, in nra^ng Lombanly. 




foa^, fnkaiif bf nans of i^ jfJiVnir of 

|Wtff«MiMMK. 

TIh wwe OmpuiT aoaa wmlMod a 
tkiaMaii fawaft — nher g unaluu d iato Italy 
cbr ftMilMvt oi cMBtnig mabj' vy loBes — 
aadtwnthammmAm^atrT. Baebbscecea- 
aC«4 of kaifte, >4«K^ '«»! fagVk tW kst 
maamtmd <m % pat&vr. Ktxig^t ud aqain- 
mis powcAal ^na ayes ll»» ***»» abealhcd ia 
una tmA ttoat froa head la fool, tlie other 
}em hemrHr arawd. Thar priactpttl weapon 
w«« a bm^ mad tfcarr banx. r^-qnirins two 
men to vwU, bat tfwy aJ^.' .try 

ffw^nfa aaJ iiiei^ri, ajwl to-- nim 

Ifarir backt^ Iwy ^MH^t itak on Loraeiiack 
ami on f'loc, but used tWir UtirM onty oB 
foot, waitiiw i> Mfnam or ofcalar luraaiiaa 
lo xMciT* tW tatouf aoaa the puuiis nf their 
laaccay or airaaciag MawlT aod viih icne 
•hovta a^aiBM tbna. Tfa m&acijr wn 
arni««l with hmf bowa <ti jtw, one cad of 
which thry Murk iaio th« trnMiad brfon 
drawing it. Tboy alao caniea swwda, dag^ 
f^era^ Bad noall aad light laddcn, by ■oper' 
posinrwbich one npnn aaatber thfywen able 
lo«e«e the higfaeat towen in tlM? coaatrr. 
Horve and font alib- t p t^ ttt -h? prisie of 
life, inunnl t m-pin (fan 

French war*.. 4 i^d. FiT»« 

hince4 composed a c-uiui'auy, liv<: a>mpaniea 
a tmnp. and every ten lanced bad usually a 
separate officer. For their raiding expedi* 
tiuni< the White Companr osuatlr ciicw*f tha 
ntghl» when they would \iMnt like a delnfa 
upon a town, ma»Mi:re the men, violate thtt 
women, carry off whatever wad vaJuuble and 
jM'irtahli^antl^t fireto what they h-ft tx'bind. 
Atoihertimo^ they wniildct intent tbemselvea 
with levvin]^ cxntnbutinn^. 

Ik'fure advauciDfc into the Milaneic thev 
made a raid into Ktedmonl. where they tooV 
seven castles, surpriaed the Count of Savor 
and his principal Ihiron^, and held tbam ti 
ransom for ISMKX) florins. They then _ 
into Lombnnly, and carried havoc on both 

; fiide» of the Po, from Ninaia to Pa\ia and 
Tortona. On i?i April 13*kJ tUey *i>:nally de- 
feated near Iloinai^ano a cnmitany of Htinga- 
rians led hyCoiint Conrad l^mlait of Suabiay. 

! on whom the Viseonri mainly retiit) for tha 

\ defenceof thcirdoroinionti. Landait diedofhia 
wounds, and the Visconti made peace (llio* 
DEN, ItoIU Ser.. viii. 371 ; Gntt. Matj. 1788, 
pt.ii.p. lOHt; Matteo ViLLAXl, lib. ix. chap. 
xxJEvit. lib. X. chaps, xxvii-xciv. ; Fko13«&ST, 

j Sttitf iiu Lirrr Prrmier, cha|». mlx\'. mlxvi. 

! livre second, chap. 11.) In July the company 
passed into the stTvice of the republic of PiHa, 
then at war with Florence, their pay being 

' 6xed at ten thousand florins of gold per month. 



I 



I 



onth. 1 



Hawkwood 

They UKtk the field at once, md marrhed on 
l-iorenc*'. but fniliiij^ toenticethe Florvntinw 
into the oprn, nhot into lh« to»Ti M>me arrows 
betthng the wonU 'This Pt*« *<^Ddfl tou/ 
ntnirk ftome coin* bearings the ann* of Pw* 
«»i.>\e those of Klr»rence,»Bd retreated to TiMi. 
Uctuminp in th«* nutucon they took Kiglinr, 
defeated the Florentine general, lianucio 
Famesc, at Inci*a 1 13 Oct.), and adrancini; 
on Hor»'iice burned the suburb of Sun Niccoltt 
(J-J Oct.). ftfttT which they rvtreaied to Fi- 
t;line. In December Hawkw(Xidwu«p{KMilted 
to the command in chief at Piaa; in the 
followinp munth thiv pay of th.- companv waa 
rai»Kl to twentT-fivethou*and tlorinsof gold 
per month. In March the republic of Pisa 
hired a (lerman company of three thotiaand 
horse, led by one Ilans von Bongard (Ani- 
chino di Don^arden), who was also placed 
und*T Hawkwood's orders. 

Hawkwood marched with his full strength, 
on 13 April 1364. into the plain of Pistoia; 
thence by IVato to Fies'ile, which lie sacked, 
and occupied Montu>jhi. On 1 May he ad- 
vancwl on Florence. After several cngage- 
mcntn, in which the Pison force lo«t more than 
two thousand in killed and wounded, Hawk- 
iroiid failed to enter Florence and withdrew 
to Incisa, where he found himself deserted by 
liana von Bongard and all but eight hundr^l 
of tln'\Vniite Company, seduced by Florentine 
^Id. With the remnant he retreated to Piwi. 
A Horentine army, four thousanil Btr*>ng, 
underOule^ittn Mnlatesta, now invaded Piaan 
territory, burned Livomn, and at Caacina, 
within six miles of Pisa, formeil, on J8 July, 

»a camp defended by strong palisades. AVith 
th»^ small force at his dii!ipa«al Hawlrwood's 
only chiince of paving Pisa lav in carrying 
tbia camp bv a roup tff main; but, although 
he effected a breach, he wa« overpowered by 
Dumb(>r8, and was comj»elled to retire wilh 
heavy loss. This defeat was fnllowed by a 
revolution in Pisa, Giovanni dell' Agnello, n 
■wealthy merchant, contriving with the help 

§of JIswkw(*od to get himself elected doge of 
the city (2>< Aug.) His tiret act. was to make 
|Mace, which he piirchiused at the price of an 
annual tribute of ten thousand florina of 
gold for ten veani. 

In the following November Hawkwood, 
resuming his old profe?<»ion of free-lance, in* 
-vadetl the Perugino. Perugia engaged Hans 

■ von Bongard lo defi-nd it, but the two com- 
panieA b«'ing equally mulched 8wore eternal 
viendship toeaeh other and to tbecommuua 
of Peru^'ia, anddiriM logettierat ilneiiwiise. 
Hawkwood remained at Perugia unlil tlie 
end of the month, and then marched into 
l^fombardy. He resjipeared at Perugia in 
July I30u. Attacked by Hans von Boiigard 



Hawkwood 

he fooght a pitched battle with hin.aadiraA 
defeated with great b*** -mi ihr y»ih. Ho 
madegoodhisrelreat in) -^ '■^;tbcaea 

into the Maremma, cl - ^ od b^ tW] 

(lerman commander, aiiil t \<^-i\iuiUt tooki« 
fuge in lienoa. He §uh>«e(}uently }oined lia_ 
forcvs til th<ise of the Italian r>>m(«ny of 
St. George, commanded by AmhTt»git»^c>near 
t Le illegitimate »on*i «f lVrtiat>6 Visoint i . anvl 
thcUennan eomiwny of Count John of llait^- 
burg, in C'snc^n with whtim he ravagi^ tin* 
country between <Tent>a and Siena duriuif I 
the autumn of 13t35 and the ttpring of ihv 
next year, when he ported ConiponT with 
them, and advanced into the Perugmo' Tliem 
he remained supporting himj*elt by pillagi*, 
and levyitig rontribmionj* unlil the spring of 
13<»7, when he relumed to Pi»A. At this 
time Pope Crban V wa* expected to touch 
at Livomo on his way from A\-ignon to 
Viterlw, and Oiovanni dell' Agnello came 
thither from Pisa, escorted by Ilawkwond 
and a large bodyguard, to receive him. The 
pope was so imprcMed by the formidable ap- 
pearanceof the English knJghta that he would 
not land. 

Tlie approaching marriage of Lionel, duke 
of Clarence, wilh Violnnte, daughter of fla- 
leaxso Visconti, drew Hawlmnod lo Miliiii 
in the summer of 1368. ShoHly after the 
ceremony (5 June) he, with four thousand 
men, entered the service of BemaU'> \'isconi i. 
In 1309 there was an outbreak of hostilities. 
between Porugia and the pope. Penigin 
appealeil to Bemabo Visconti, who placed 
Hawkwood and hiji lances at the dispo^nt of 
the republic. While marching to Perugia in 
Jime.llawkwood wai* surprified by the p<ii>e'j( 
Gcnuan mercenaries near Arezxo, defeat4-d, 
and taken prisoner. He was ot once ransomed 
by the Pison republic, and, collecting his scat- 
tered forces, marched to Montetiaacone, where 
the pi»pe then waa. The pope fled to Viterlm. 
Howkwood pursued, bunie<l the vineyards in 
theneighboimiood of the town, and n-treated 
into the Pisano. About the same time Ber- 
nabo Visconti induced San Minialo to revolt 
from Floivnce, and placed a garrison in the 
town, tlorence sent an army of four ihou- 
siuid meji under Giovanni Malatocca of iteggio 
to reduce the place. On hi« way Malatacc& 
was defeated at Cascina on I Dec. by Hawk* 
wood, who had with him two thousand horse, 
mostly German, but only live hundred men on 
whom he coxild absolutely rely. Hut Hawk- 
wood was ton weak to relieve San Miniato. In 
May lltTO bereturned with reinforcements Id 
tlie Pisano, accompanied by Gtorainii dell' 
Agnello, who had Won ex]>elleil from Pisn in 
1368, and whom the \'i»conti were deter- 
mined to roBtore. On 20 May Hawkwood failed 



k 



fawKwood 



ajS 



Hawk woe 



to eaiTT Pisa by escalade, aud aft er sacking Li- 
romo, and ravaging the Marvmmn,n!treal*Hl 
intothePamitgiAiio. Mt-uiiwliilelfitbHolofrna 
and llcwio ^adjoined tb*? eiieoiiesof tlie Via- 
conti. The lat t4?r place llawkwixxl invest^-d 
towards the nnd of July; l»ut the riftrt'ntino« 
wot an army to it« relief, wtiich defeated 
Hawkwood {'10 Auff-^ The dofoat was to 
someoxtont wtrieve*! by the caprure inSep- 
t4'ml)er of the comraander-in-cliif i"nf the Klo- 
rentine army in ambii^cado nenr Mirandola. 
NegotiatioiiR for p*-'JW'e, which were already 
^lending, were (hii.t iu.*celerutfd,and a IrvAly 
wna fonclu'U-d on U» N'»v. 1370. (^n 2 June 
l.'{7- Hawkwood ongajt'd, under the waUa of 
the castle of Kubiora. Count Lucius Landau, 
•who was coming to the aidof tlio Moniuisof 
Monfemito, then at war with Oaleazzo Vis- 
conti. Though outnumbered by nearly two 
to one, llawkwood defeated and took the 
count prisoner. Me then ini'aded the raar- 
quisale of Monferrato, and laid siftge to Asli, 
The Count of Sivtty came to the hnlp of the 
tDan]ui.4. and the oi>eratian5 before the town 
wore indecisive,owing',afl Uawkwood allegt<d^ 
to lii»i pland being secretly thwarted by n 
council of war, whom h»' scornfully described 
as ' e.icrivans.' Accordingly in the autumn 
be i*udJenly threw iip his command. 

At the time Pope G regain' XI had declared 
war on the Visconti, and Ilawkwood paaeed 
direct from their si'rvice into his. In Novem- 
ber a pa]Ml army of thirteen hundred lances 
(five hundred under the command of Hawk- 
wood) inviuled the Piacentino.and surprised 
the cofttlo of Borgo Nuovo. The Visconti in 
the following January sought to create n di- 
version by threatening Hologna, and Hawk- 
wood wa^dctachedwitli eight hundred laiiera 
to protwt the city. The Milanese forces, 
though numerically superior, retreated before 
bim towards Ueggio. lie pursued, and Tirtu- 
«llv annihilated tlK-monthc Panarobetwiwn 
M'xlena Aud Bologna. He then, In conjunc- 
tion with the Sieur de Couev, led a force 
into the Milanese, aud up the Cluese towards 
Brescia, in order lo effect a junction with 
the Count of Savoy, who had crwsed the 
Ticino in Februarj' with a considerable force. 
But this movement wm fnu»traled by the 
•Countof Virrno/GiaiitialenMo, sonnfGiiIe- 
ftRzo Visconti, by whom Hjiwkwood was de- 
feated im S ^f ay at Montechiaro, Hawkwood, 
Lowevcr, rallied Iub men at Gavanlo, and, 
turning upon (he pursuing MtlQnt>sc, routed 
them with groat sluut:hter, m^st of the prin- 
cipal officers being mode nrisouer-i. Hawk- 
wood then retreated tn Bologna, and a year's 
truce WM arranged with the Visconti on 
C June 1374. The pope bad proved a bad 
paymaster, and Hawkwood, after eeading 



one of bis officers, John Brise of Essex, i 
Avignon to pre#s for it settlement, and oh 
tainlng notlimg but vague promises and per 
mtssjon to take the mutter into his own bands 
marched into Tuscany to levy contributions 
Having obtained mnaey he retired into tbfl 
Piacentino, whi-ro his company, now liirj;tlj 
reinforced and styled the * holy componv 
was employed in garrisoning various q ' 
and towns held by the church. Iii Juafl 
be again marched into Tuscany, aud it 
courvH of the dummer levied contribuiioa 
from Florence, Pisjt, Siena, Lucca, and AreutQ 
to tbeamount of about 220,0CX)|]orinsof gold 
130,000 of which were furnished by Flc 
alone, Hawkwood and his principal 
at the same time binding themselves i 
company not to molest Florence or her alUfl 
for the next five years, except in obedienc 
to superior orders. On 12 July the republic 
grunted Hawkwood an unnunl peosion of 
twidve hundred florins of gold for life, 

1Iawkwoo<l fixed his headquarters at P*»- 
rugia, which rose in revolt against the _ 
t7 Dec.) Instead of suppressing tlie revol 
ilawkwood seized the governor as host _^ 
for arrears of par, nud occupied the castle ( 
Castrocaro, to wblch the church fiubfieqiienil| 
added Bagnaeavallo.Cotignola, and CouiMiUca 
all in Romagna, by way of further w-curlty^ 
Meanwhile the revolt spread throughout thtf 
Bolagiiesc and Konmgna. Tn Bologna wervi 
someof Hawkwood's principal ofKcere and hia 
two soru*. He acconliugly mnrnhed upon tho 
city, deMistatingihe country as he went. The 
Bologneee thereupon imprisoned all the Eng^- 
lish ill the town, including IlawkwiVKl'.sboya ' 
but delivered them up to llawkwcKid in re- 
turn for H truce of sixteen months (2o May)J 
Leaving Faenza, wliich be had previously reJ 
duced, incharpeof Alberto d'Este^morquis of ' 
Ferrara, Hawkwood betook himaolf to Coli- 
gnola, and spent the rest of the jrear there ia-i 
eulargingand strengthening the fort ifitvitionSfcl 
The fosse and strong lHu;tione<l walls wiihl 
which ho surrounded the town remaineAi 
almost intact until the middle of the lasQ 
centun,-. Now all that is left is a singly 
round lower, built as a look-out. Early iici 
Fubniiirj- 1377 he was summoned to Ceseno, j 
where the populace had ris«n against a Breton 
garrison, placed there by Ilobert of Genera/ J 
cardinal of the church of theTwelveApoatlea/l 
and legate of Unmajma, afterwards the anti- 
pftpe Clement VII. The cardinal's instroc- 
tions were 'Blood, blood, and justice.' Hawk-- 
wood at first demurrtid, but led his mew j 
into the town on the night of 3 Feb., in- 
dulged in a general massacre, and looted tha 
town. 

Disgusted with t bis butcher's work, Hawk- 



Hawkwood 



Hawk wood 




TTood in Mat 1377 weot orer to the uiti- 
papftl lea^e. IWnubd A'uooBti giTiag Iuid 
le of hu UU-gitimmte dau^ters PonniDa. 
iDsriugv. ThLs app*retitly, wm Hawk- 
A*B second murUi^. It v*« celebntcd 
Mdan with much pomp, feutiajift and 
stin^. Aft^r spendiog th« booeTmooa at 
emona. Hawkwood nKnned to the Boto- 
^<w>, where he Mfts«d the Test of the snminer. 
Towardfttheeoia of August Hawkwood com- 
pelled Rumondo, a nephew of ihe pope, at 
iheheftdof « force of llretons. to nite the 
nege of Msranma and retreai into the Pera- 
ginOf whence b« droTe him into the Sienp$t>, 
uid occupied San Quirico. Tfat^rea deputa- 
tion from Siena waited on him with rich 
gifts, and there be staved for two monthf^ 
receiving ambassadors, and attt>mptinj? to 
mediate between the pope and the h'Ajrne, 
In Becember lie marched to Florenw, where 
he was received with distinction, although 
peace proposals were not well enter- 
Ded. 
^J&rlj in March he eecoited the papal am- 
0T% (the Curdinal of Amienff and the 
libiahopA of Pumpelunn and Narbonne) 
to Sanona, where Beniabo Viitconti met them 
and <^ned the ne^Miations In form. Tliey 
"^epf interrupted bv th* death of ftreporv XI 
March), but the new pope. Urban VJ, 
undo peace on 24 Julv. 

In April 1 378 BenuboViscoDti sent Uawk- 

ro(Kl antl Count Lucitis Landau with a force 

Kniflij'h auJ (.lermany into the ^*e^one»e, 

t claim in ripht of hh wife, Ueatrice, the in- 

ntance of her brnther. Can Sicnore della 

ala of Venma (rf. I;i71). They formed an 

Qtrenched camp under the walU of Vemna, 

but were withdrawn on payment of four 

hundred tboii»and floriits of ^rold, and pro- 

Dise of an annual tribute of forty thousand 

._' six years. 

At lht« time Francesco Carrara, matv^niB 
of Podim, waa the head of a leajrue which 
included the republic of Genoa and the kiuj; 
pf IItiii);ary, and wjip desifjned a* a counler- 
oisi' to Venice. The Veiit»l ian senate occord- 
' made a handwrnc hid for Hawkwnod'A 
rioea, which he declined. Having; col- 
, winforeements, Ilawkwoml and Ijin- 
au re-entered the Veronese in August 137H, 
, encountering an Ilunfrnrian army under 
tpphen I.ncz«k, wBiwwle of Transylvania — 
- memlier of thpunti- Venetian Icapuc — were 
Jrlvenliack into the Rrewiann.nndttojigTiftlly 
9efeaieJ that Hemalto Vi«conli concluded a 
ucc ofamonthand a half. HoflliUtiei* were 
efiumed in Decemlter. AfteraRlow anddiJK- 
bult nmrch, llawln^'ood and T^ndnn crossed 
he Adiffo. and advanced within mx mites of 
i^erona, but a^in recoiled before Laczak, and 



only made good thetr retreat acTo» lh« Adigv 
with heavT loe& Baniahd\~UcoDlitberv«pon 
stopped their pa^. They indemnified (bem- 
wlres hj pUUeing lh«'Bn>«ciano ajid the 
Cremooeee, andBonaboput a price on their 
head$. Tlir-ytbeQCroe8edthePo,andaian:hed 
into 1 he IVWogiie»e. 

Meanwhile war was ratrinf* Iwftw e ta Pop9 
Urban and liobert of (leneva. who had been 
elected antii]o|>e as. Clement \'I[ in S'pleio- 
ber 1378. Froiwart'*. improtxihle statement 
that llawkwood commanded for the |iope at 
the defeat of the Hreton forces of the anti- 
pope at Marino ('JS April 1379) is anoorro- 

, borated. 

llawkwood separat ing fVom Landan retired 

' to Bagnocavallo in July \S79. After he htd 
rendered various serviccii at a high price t<t 
Florence, which was menaced bv Charlo-s n{ 

' Dunuzo, nephew of I^ut$ of rtuugarv, on 
his way to iwixe the crown of Naples, the 
Florentines in the spring of l.t'O m-nt for 

j him and fire hundred lancet, agreting to pay 
them 130.0U0 florins of gold for «ix months' 
itervice, llawkwood receiving an additional 
thouMind florins as his pergonal !ial]ir;r. lie 

I zealously protected the cily, and Ihe engage- 

; ment was thricerenewodforsix mouths each 
time. In Ma^ 1382 ho was apnoint'.'d. jointly 
with Sir Nicholas Dagwortii and \Valrer 
Skirlawe, dean of St. Martin's, Engli!.h am- 
bassador to the holy see. As he now coiw 
template<l a lonjr term of service with the 
Florentine republic, he ceded in August his 
property of Baguacavallo and Cntignola to 
the Manjuisof h^te fnr sixty thousjind duoata 
of gold. In July l'S82 the jtope requested 
the Ilorentine government to place rlawk- 
wood at the disposal nf Charles of Durazxo, 
who was fighting against Louis of Anjou for 
the crown of Naples. This the government 
declinetl to do.butthey allowed llawkwood 
to gtt to Naples on IiIh own accoutil with two 
t housa nd horse ( 22 Oct . > The war languished, 
both orrnies sulfering severely by thepliigue, 
and towanis the end of lIlK'i Ilawkwoml re- 
turned to TuKcany. In June lUS-t he <>c«ii- 
E'led (he castles of Montocchio, KligHnri.nnd 
ladia al Pino in the Ari'tino. On « Feb. 
i38r> he was appointed, jointly with John 
Bacon, denn nf St. Martiii\ aiuf Sir Nichnlui* 
llngworth, Knglish amhn'isador tfl the Nea- 
p(^litan court, the n-public of Mnmnce, and 
other Italiiin Klatet, In the following July 
he agreed to hold himself at Ihe disposal of 
OianOalenzzo Visconti, the 'Count of Vir- 
tue,' saving prior engagements, with thirty 
lances, for which he was to receive three 
hundred florins a month, and a pri<miuni of 
a thousand florins on entering the svrvlro 
of the count. He was at this time heavily 



Hawkwood 



Hawkwood 



in debt, and appears to haTC been prin- 
cipally occupied in st-'tllinghisprivBtenfiaini. 

lu December Vi&i Hawkwood entt-red 
the seirict! of Krancewo Carrara, marqnift of 
Padiio, tlieu at war with Anloniodt-dbt Scala 
of Verona. He brought witli him only five 
hundred 1'>nglish lior^e and six hundred 
Eugli.'ih archerit, hiit was placed in com- 
mand of thii <'utirti Paduan army. The 
eniMny permitteil him to cross the Adige 
at CaAtelbaido in January 1387, and ad- 
vance unopposed into the heart of the Vpro- 
nese, but poisonni the wellf>, desolutpd tbe 
counlrr, and intercvjiled hi.-) KUpplif^ tin 
tht-y relrwiled, ?o that the Pndu.in army was 
ttorely ditttroasod by hun(^ and tliir^t. At 
CuMastmro on 17 March he made a stand 
and defentcd the enemy with great slaughter. 
Soon afli-rthi.H Hawkwood ijuittiHl the Va- 
diian sonrice, andre-«nterwl that ofFlorence 
(Stiiteniber). In March 1388 he was com- 
miikiioned hy KiehanI 11^ who na Duke of 
Aiinitaiiie wnti it'mpt^'d to interfere in the 
alisint of Provence, to undertakt* the sup 
prettttion of the Angevin faction in that 
euuiitry, but it does not appear that he took 
any steps in pursunnceof tno coromiasion. 

On 18 Pec. 1^85 IlnwkwoodV father-in- 
law, Ik'mab«i, waa munlered by the 'Count of 
Virtuc'Ciian (Jaleazz') Visi-outi, his nephew. 
In concert- with Bemalw's son Carlo, llawk- 
woad aaaemWcd in Angvist IMH8at Oortona 
a bnnd of abtiut four thou)»nnd adventurere, 
and sought iR'rml'wion from the Flnrtmtine 
government to lead them against the mur- 
derer. This being refused, Hawkwood and 
Carlo \'iaconti entered the service nf t^ueen 
Margaret, widow of Cliarle* of DiiraxKo, then 
at tiaetju Naple-s, with th»' exreptionof tlie 
ca«tle of Capuana, was in lh« hands of the 
Angevin faction, and Hawkwood 'a attempt to 
ndieve the castle of Copuana failed (1- April 
1380), Retreating into Tuacany, Hawkwood 
joined his forces to those of Count (Conrad 
Lundau, and spent the summer in ravaging 
the Sienese. In October he returned to Quotm 
Mfli^ret at Uaeta. 

In March 1 39(> H awkwood was recalled to 
norence, where it had been at length decided 
to take energetic action ri[rn!n»t the 'Count of 
Virtue.' He arrived in Flnretin' on .'Wt .•\])ri], 
and was appointed comiiiandtT-itwhief of t he 
forresof the republic, with absolute discretion 
DH to the measures to bo adopted for the 
wcurity of the city. Ho orderiKl a larpe 
ditch to be dug between Montopoli nnd the 
Amo for the defence of the lower Val d'Amo, 
He averted an attack on Bologna, threatened 
by the Milnnene general .Tacopo dnl Verme, 
at the head of a largo army (11 May), and 
finally drove himfromthe neighbourhood with 



cousiderahle loss on 21 .Tune. ITawkwnod 
retuitied to Florence. Soon afterwards thr 
Florentine government hin?d Jean, com!« 
d'Armagruic, to invade the Mi]an>-«e from the 
aide of I'rovence. With the view of eB'ect- 
ing a junction with him, Hawkwrnnl crus^< 
the Adige nr t *astellviltlo on 15 May, id com- 
mand of ''2,'JiK) lances and a largei body of 
infantry, including twelve hundnnl crow- 
bowmen, and thence marched intntheBerga- 
niMCO. There in the district between iha 
Adda and the Oglio Hawkwood waitM for 
tidings of Il'Armagnac, entrenching himself 
about the niitldle of .June in the neighboar- 
lioodof Piindino, ten miles to the finith-caxt 
of Milan. Of D'Armagnnc's movements h« 
could learn nothing, but Jacoptt dal Verrae^ 
with a Milanese army numerically superiofi) 
hoverud alwiul his ramp, cut ofl' his supplicw^ 
and haroMed him b3' ince.ssant attack' whilai 
avoiding a pitched battle. Towards the end 
of the month Hawkwood broke up his ramp 
and began a retreat, which the l-lorentinB 
historian, Poggio Hrnccinlini.comMreslrtth« 
most brilliant achievements of tne ancient 
Ilomans, but of which contemporary authori* 
tics give no consistent account. It eeems 
however, that, retreating towards Cremona 
Hawkwood halted at PotemoFasolaro.wheP 
he lay for four days, permitting the enemj 
to come close up tn lii!> line. He thus sue 
ceeded in exctling in them so false n cou-| 
tidenccthat Dal Venue sent hira a trap with 
a live fox in it, by way of xignifving that he 
hadhiru in the toils. Hawkwood, however, 
released the animal, nnd sorit X\u' empty trap 
back to Dal Verme, wilh the message that 
the fox had escaped. On the fifth day h^ 
made a sudden sortie, in which he placed 
'2,700 of the enemy hnrg dt^ roTrUmt in killed^fl 
wounded, and prisoners. He thus clearet^l 
his way to the Oglio and Mincio, l)Oth of 
which, though hanuised hv the enemv, ba 
crossed without mishap. TbejMUcsage of tlio 
Adirepr*>M'nte(lgreaterdifliciilly. As Hawk- 
wood approached ('aAtagnaro he found that 
the dikes had been broken down, the country 
turned into a vast lake, and the enemy were 
pressing on his rear. Accordingly on the 
night of II July Hawkwood mounte<l aa 
many nf his infantry as poasible behind hi* 
cavalry, and abandoning the rest to their fatw^^ 
took to the water, and guiding his men byS 
devious tracks where it was shallowest, ar-H 
rived at Castelbaldoin ihe morning with con- 
siderable loss, but with the bulk of theanny 
intact. OntioJulyJa&^podftl VermeHignallr 
defeated D'Annagnac under the walls of 
Alessandria; in the following month he in- 
vaded Tuscany. Hawkwood, however, wn* 
there beforo him; impeded his advance by, 



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In the fvlI-Tr-.aiT 3ii:nrj it- ::"•- _::; ::■ .r"-ir- ._ ' - -.: -: -- _-_ l--*".:. t" i 

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//>-/ rirtvt* i.'.:^t --..IK . I j. .. ".rf^. t. ;-:.-- -, -.-- >: l~ -• T : i '• i^ ..-l - l-i-_ ,^~ il .-" 

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TOL. XXT. * 



Hawkwood 



243 



Hawles 



Aijr», i. Titil >, ' tlit< tlrsT r<-Al >r(^nnral nf modorn 
time*.' Ttiv p-iiiuA for orffiuiiNition which 
i*nAbk>d him tn P^nviTt n biui«l nf fro»l>ooier« 
intn urtiii ■' I 1; ft n*^ilnr nrniy. his niilt* 

bur f'tfi'i ' '. , hi« fni.'rjfy and n*source 

diitiniriiif^ii 111 II iKim ul[ hiA intHliirviil pre- 
dwiMiMini. Hf WHS PvotTiiwd by his con- 
liimpcirnrit^ nn not nnly tht* ml)li'«l uiid uxiel 
ttitrt«(tid, hut nl«) tt)» iuo«l irui^tworthy of 
fvHtlottirfi. IIiM H<h<lirv, howt'Tcr. w»s by no 
ateun* nhovc mispicion.^Htt to I ho HoivRtinc 
tfOVt«mini>nt ht> wu* unirormly fAilUfu). 'Ilikl 
li« vtM not withorii humour In ftUnvrti by 
All NiHHHhitii uArrnUHl hv Sacchctii (.VoiW/c, 
rlxxti.l 'I'wii iticiulicaitt friars |>ri>s«<iit«d 
tht*inMdv<<Niil Mimt>^Thtfi,und|fn>Hti'(l Hawk- 
woikI wilh thn ruttoiniirY ' 0(kl ^fivt* you 

KAC*s' lt> wUii-h h<r< rurtly ntiitifd, ' <lod tnkc 
tinyuu your nlm*.' 'I'hi' friitrrt diM:laimt*d 
aUowfUH*; ItawkwiKvlrfJniut^l.' 1 low, when 
yim ronu' to uii' and (tniy that 0^ wuuld 
uinkt' iui> dii< of huit^vr^ 1><> yuu not knuw 
ihAl 1 hvo by ftikmnd tlint [wnca would imdu 

l1fiwkwt.>'Hr« uaitto li){un>n in Kmtuftrt M 
H«i4smdr, ill ihv luhttn rhnniich^s usually 
•« Aoulo, A|{Ulti, tir Aurud, witholhnrraria- 
tliut* loti iiutiu>nMi» lo innUuro. In oAieial 
diM'UUii*ul»Ut»iBrtMnuionly uddntwi-d ni«*Ma(f- 
uUt^it* t't )\it iMt* M thvi ' ^ir * 1 k iititnuA Jt>|innn»*« 
lUufud.' Ml* hitun'li' %\nAi hi* nauin in- 
thlKtrt^utlv lUnoud, lUucwtxl, llaukcwnd, 
itud Itiiukitld. That ho held ihii rank of 
Ititi^hl th*tiv i» no doubl, but it is uiicvrtjiiti 
wIh'M or whoi\i bo won hia »|nir*. 

ft- , . ' r.:- ■ ■ r',.. ,,,.,-.. m- 

I'" ■ ■ '" 

Mui-i ■■. !. ^ ., . ■!- --, u;:.i tin- 

»>it>|ili>i(ifut i<y lArliiHti* nn'i Mmhiii, chmI ns 
U. f.H. aitil K. 1. M.Siii>|>) : th« An<hivtoStori(w 
lialtnito. rur^l m A. K I.. vt>l. ri. pt. ii. and 
vol, kvi. |t(. I,; thtf i'hr<iiticlo« of Mnrvhionno dl 
t\)|i|M< Stvfniit iit Iho I»«liair dckjili Kruttiit T<w- 
i^aru, IVoiuto Viillitii. (liit>> l^siii, Stn Aittunino 
lUiil U^«i*i\|ii Hruint, tttiniii""'' '-•'i.' I .■....., -,1,, 
Areliivt, t)io I^M-uioPiiti 1'' ^1, 

vd>l*l Kv Oiiiu; the t.\lrlKl.i - ita 

iVilHT*. (Miipd hy Hawdtm ]tr<•^«t), *ol, i. . the 
Lnitrr* »r HI. I'liihrrinn of Siriwi. Salulato and 
Vi'r«i>rio ^U 1.!*. vol. iri,). niht n variety vf ■ 
nrliilunl iltvumorit*. chii'lly I'mm I bo An<l)irf>q iil* ^ 
ItalmuiMli."!. print*.UnrlhptSpfct time in Tompio- I 
1 railfiriind MimMlti'H (iioranrti Ai'Ulo, Kloroiict!, 
IKWI ( KuKli-ili tmiinlnlion by Iicwilcr Scod, Ijoii- | 
don, 1880). Soeoml(»ry««thoriti«Baietliehi»toric« 
ot l-1or«-n«A kv Huoninse^iii, Ammirato, and , 
I'oRKiu Itriccioliiii (R. I.S. vo.. xi..}, of Milan by 
Oiriu; ofHwihy ItonriutiHA.S. J. vol. vi. pt. i.); 
of Peni|iia by Pi'lhiii ; <if Boingna by Ohimr- 
(htcci. and thr Anntile* Ko^ledius'iL'i of Roy- 
nahhia. Rieotti's .Sloria dr"u CotiipHgTM'o di 
Vsotortt in IloUa, Grogoroniu' Rom im Mitt«l* 



biat'irr of Utlj. Of lit^ da SHK iaMftat 
Anthi* f»Iluvia£-. (nihilkjllMM ■■ r T " 
Soppl. ii.: (S) a womu'wlmshlimhmwtnjattaem 
aecoiuit aHithbftfad I7 OoaiA tf t^ ff^Sdtkiat 
Tom8T«{Jua BritMlaB, W timt 

and g>ml akcCch kr 4. Q. J . ■-•¥*- 

t«r and HafWM of Bwrnrer. ^'A. 1. : »*) 
( 1 ) t lir rl H I forau w«rk I7 T«Hpt»-tai&rrad Vv 
cntri al)ove mcntioonl. vltiHi, dwiigk 
diffttseonn of »t;I« and dnag:* i— iiiwiyii' 
ritAtioQ of aathoritica, iaiiiecalj ' 

rvitnplfta ;K^«uunl uf tW grit 
ha« rK appwiml Sr« alM BhK4t'« O^tmkiSMi 
AtUmol,^ 5IS8. So. »23; AAliL MS. «•«; 
mH llixt MSS.Cnmm. »lii Rep. App.3^Ki»l 
Tihlt.p, App 24;.l J, JLE. 

HAWXES, SiH JOHX (IWS-lTIfi). 

lowyer, fw-ond wn of Thomas H«iri« •' 
Mounton in Wjluhire, hy Elii»h«<l» Anlw- 
bua nf HjimpRbirv, n-as Itom in tlte Ooittt 
Su)inhur>- in ltM.'i. lli>t fat bcr. ir)i«e auB« 
IH (•(uni'iimi'* cispHpu Holli«, belor _ * - -' - 
fiitnily of Han-U-a of I'nwiinbort 
ahiiv.nnd was probably lhoM«ood --ii . ■ 
I mond Ilawlpiof that pine**. Purinjirth' ■ 1 
I wur he wo* leuder of the ban<1 kn-ivm :.- 
'clubmen' in SBli^bary, who t. 
of tht' pnrlianipnt. John Hnwii - 
cftti'd at AVinchirsttT, and in \WJ cntervi at 
tjuo«'n'* College, Oxford, but. loft the nai- 
ven»ity without takinp a d^pree. Hf enterrtl 
at I.imHiIn's Inn, \vm called to iho Wr. and 
ftonn nwc to cTt'at t'lnint'nci* in his pmf»?ssioB. 
* iTKin the tuni of afiairs made by tlie l*riiie» 
of OrnnfTt',* *jiyi» Wmnl. • he became a pn«t 
Willinmitft.' On 25 March 1089 hn was re- 
turned to the House of Common.^ iw M.P. for 
OldSanira. Hut in 1091 In* wits not abb' to m- 
curo the rncoTdcrf'hip of I>nnr)nn in comwti- 
t inn with SirlbirtholonnjvvShowtTP^tj.T. 1 On 
1 July l(f9o llawli's was appointed H4^Iieiinr- 

fenorat in 8ucc<_'8sion lo Sir Thomas Trevor. 
nt.ldolwr «if tho name year ho was r»*tunu-d 
fnrtho borouiihof Wilton inWilt.'ihire.ttnd in 
I(!1K> wajikni||fht(^. When a fre^h jHirliament 
WAS •ummoned in l(J08, llawles rat forSt. Mi- 
idiael in Cornwall, ond waa also retumpd for 
Ueeralston in I^^Tonshirc In the |>nrlinm*'nt 
of I7(X>-1 by rMiirt'sonted Truro, and for the 
short wwionof 17():i wiismenibHrforSt. Tvp* 
in(_*ornwBll. In 170'J beceased tob«»o1icitor- 
ironoral, but continui'd lo sit in parlinnif nt for 
Wilton until \TiX>. and from that year until 
171(1 for Stnckbridm' in Ilamp^hiri'. A^ftpro- 
minent whi^; lawyer he was api>oint»»d one of 
the mnnflct'rsoriiie inH>eachmeut ofSacheve- 
mil in 1710. Ho reaicied for ffome years on 
the family entnte at Upwimborne, and died 
OD 2 Aug. 17 la 



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244 Hawley 



■1 :• _'"QeniI:* was ns 'vivacious as ever'wbcn receiving 

: ■ I 7 i'J. IIi:» the l>iik** of CumberlHiul. In Novem!)«.'r tin? 

■I ■:. ;»r ■ H. 1'. siimi' year Wolff, riffLTrinK- to the rumuur 

•I t'li- 'iiirtil thiit Ilawify wiis to Ije sent into Ktnt, from 

■ L::c'i -if w'Jir rortsnittiitli, to prepar*; for an exjMM^twl in- 

-..i-i '.KipHllt?, vasion, wrote: ' Thev could not make clioift- 

M ['ill' Kii::- of a more uujiiutable person, for thetroo])-* 

.::tt Mil' a>l- dreiul hiit severity, hate ttieman,aml hold his 

■ \ -ii'i-efisjiry * military knowledg-e in contempt' (WKiHHr, 

i- r > ■ >!•»». wli.i Jjff uf n'o/fe, p. .'iJ^t). Ilawley died at hi-f 

:i.L\\i..-v wa? fteat near l'nrti>Diouth on 24 March I75ltar 

..■■.i;'.'i Un>» '>f the !iir»* (it is said ) of ei«rhty. 

II- ;il":i'r- lie appears to Iiave been an inditVcri-nt 

II . -v ';.•"'. a.'- ntficiT but a very Iiarsh dii^riplinnriun. His 

■r'_rir.'n''«l men called him the' chief justice.' in alliisinn 

- •\ \.\-\'-v.^ to his fre(|U«'nt recourse to cajiital ])imi:-Ii- 

'..■.!i wi'Ii a ment. lie afleeted a cjniical disrepanl l'>r 

. ;, ;:r ' rh.' public itjiinion, which wa*; n-paiil wiih iii- 

•t., .line r..'u- tt-rest in the shape of tales more or less ap^ 

; t. -A :i^ -*v-.iTi(l cryphal, which liave been repeated apiiu iimi 

Mt:!-' iif aLHiin willxuit attemjit at inve^tifjation; but 

.■-';■■:"> :!ie he was always treated with marked cm- 

".i.'>; -i I" s»e ^ideriltion by Cienrpt' II and the l)uke nf 

;.' ■.*:»s \:;'.- I. (.'iimU>rlaiul, 

■ \ ■ ;t- be Hawley left con.«ideTable property and an 

. v';:-.iN'7- et'centric will, executed «i Souths«'u in 17-I1'. 

■i;J«'!Vc. 'As I lM>t:ran the world with nothin<:.' he 

- ■ -.■>.:•: in wiys, 'and all I have is my own acnuirin^, 

V. xix. I can dispose of it as 1 jdease, and I direct 

. .:::'i'p!i- and order . . . that my carcass !)•• put aiiy- 

<.i- '.•:'» at i.yl where: 'tis equal to me, but 1 will have nn 

> <; L;trT I'n exiR-nse or ridicubnis show anymore than if 

. ''\':.i-h a a |xii»r soldier (w-ho is as p<Ktd a man) were 

■• -N .7 **. to 1h' buried fri">m the hospital. The prie>I. 

■* .«':» T euncliide. will luive his dn-- ; lot tb-'puitpv 

- \ "\ hiivi- il. I'iiy ihe carponTc:- I'.ir rlie Imx. I 

' ■ '. ^'ive tci my .-jxier •"i.'H'Li/. Aiivnilur r.-la- 

^■. -^ I iinii> I hiixe are ii.it in want, und a< I ne\t'r 

_ - ■ *: uiarrii'd I ha\.- n«> h'-irt*. I ha\f thfri.fure 

> .* !:■ loiii; siuee taki-n i; intu mv btinl tn ad"pt a 

■I >»n nl'li'V till- mannt-r i>f the U-iman-, wIid 1 

,. ■. il, bi-reat'trr name. . . ." He name* I'iijiiiiiii 

.■■ /"x "William 'fintv.-y i>f ih,- roval dnijif'n^.wliii-n' 

' ■::' niothfr has Ih-i^n hi- e-'mpani'in. uur-<'. and 

... ■^ faithful sli'Ward. and I'-^r wb<mi In- is li'Uiiid 

.. ".v in linunur in prn\ ide. Il>' b-avc- r.i lur tli-' 

N. .: remaind'T "t" bi< p-T-j^nal anil all his r.-:il 

, e-tiittMind a]ipiiint> ilie iiilopied >ou his .-"!.' 

e\.-euliir, rnneludini:. ' I have writ;>-n tliis 

. ..' wiih niv tiwn hand, b-enuse 1 bati' prie-l-of 

.' - V all pri>ff-.-.i..u-.. and have th" wiir>t opinion 

of all ni.inlHTS of ih*- law.' Tlu' will wrt* 

, d pri>\id in L^ndiui in \7'>\* bvCuptain William 

..■* To'ivey. who toidv ihe name of llawb-v. and 

> . • Maslaibiviii' l.i.-utennni-eubui. 1 Ib-nry Wll- 

. : liani 'I'l'ox i-v Hawl.'v. Isi kind's dras'-'on 

V . •; »;nard-. lb'' I'nth-r.if WiUijini Henr\"T"-»vt'y 

Ilawl>-\ ol" West *irt'tn ILui^e. Huniinjdon- 

■ ^: >biri' iHi i;ki:. I.-j.i'/i-I fi'-itry. iMl"^!. 

[Sir Will:,- SiVt; ^Ta't-s -it' a 'inm !ia*h"T, 

..\ t .\ Ai. \x\\.'\ TiiiTs X\j a c>:>aKe Jaoul-ile l-j'.laJ ia 



Haider 



Hi-arJcv 



vhidi HawZcT i» ai -K-T iiec ib ■■ t a cim t " '"n. a: 
G«OT;ge II, m WZsi^ =n="»BC jl -aa inrr:i. nir m- 

coantof hi^3«-jf: lirtiKr-cjj-friaeiii-T-Birjtsin*'- 
Some TTtttn aafncrfj --J« fmiKik -»-di .Xkfxcy 
HswlcT, p«* of i«-j(ii:«r li i^aira ^r^jaa ir 
DenmiiilE io ITM- o»i iib«r«Kra* eoKcr^ uic 

death. Tii» » xiir^ru iiT Jir .mnrj--:! * -ancr 

CanDon'sBl^. E^^ «'-i lacm Icairirjir iilt 
Hosears): l*e Aij-r,-K» j&mt- ic- -* iinrt 
Dragoon*. L«:airL : *&* i_ 5- !_ Iji!;ai=i-ia • 
Order Bjo^ </ ^.JiKg- Ilit* li CCT.iraji.L 
LoodoD, 1*76: K-.oer: 'r^aaLi^*'* ^.-*i rf "-i* 
B«beilx>B i= iwxJM-r :i. :T*i ih^ -t IMi-: 
CuUodes P*t»rr* ; i^IjX<'Jirt isilii. Tr^.r* . . . 
&c (17-18. *TOw ti I-tuM. fc!:r..mn n: ti* idUc- 
at FaUdft Msir. 7ijit»**i n i<rn, Kt». -I^ of 
Printed Bx-ia xiiir -aMnau- •tr T, B>»l 
ilSS. Comm. lili S« - '-- **H-4 : i. Wr-JK C 
life of Wulfr. i»ca-rL li**- 55- 7*-t. 7*- H- 
318, 329 : H. V^L^.U* Ij^^et. - *:*- i'-i- i~ 
1, 2, 3. 4. 15. i» : Nyc*a oxt V w^'W *ii vr 
xi. 389-?0 ; G+=i- SLkc- tX -m fir tioiytuK- 
meot of d**ti. i^ni ;. 157 f'^ ■c-fT' '-i ■wZ.':m 
text of »hich is g'>f=. ii- -tl-1 2L X- *.- 

HAWLET, SiK JCiSEPH HIZXET 

(181-Vle75L parr.-B '.tf iLt t -irf. *iats5 if.c vf 
Sir Henrv Hawl*-x. tbe ***'joc bfcnc<*r- wi.o 
died 29 March 1 SSI. Vr CVii-niit Ellabsri:. 
daugbter of Sir J • Aa f Jre^yrr Sb* w. Ian- WM 
bom in Harley Str^*t. L/TEtdwi. ifT Oe. I*13l 
(M 31 A ug. 1 -iSi be Ueaaifcfe fc ooiraei iE itfr Sni 
lancers, and on ti^ Jane in tbt r^U/w-ijiy rear 
a lieutenant, lie left tb-e- ft«nricfe c« 1 1 Apfil 
1834, and derolwl himM-lf to raclioif. In 
hia schooner the Mitchief b* Tisi:«l Gnieoe, 
Sicily, Morocco, and then t«^k up LI* abode 
in Italy. AVhJle at FloTence be usyjrted 
some hoKe? from England, and in cjDJunc- 
tion with J. M. Stanley ran tbem at moet 
of the meeting* in Ilalv with varied sac- 
cess, his chief opponent being Prince Ponia- 
towski. On his return to England the con- 
federacy va.a renewed . and in 1 ^^14 his famous 
' cherry and black cap " was re^stertd in the 
* Calendar.' In the same year be served as 
sheriff for the county of Iient. Little suc- 
cess attended bis turf career until in 1817 
Sim Templeman won the Oaks for him on 
Miami. At this time be purchased Mendi- 
cant for three thousand guineas from John 
Gullr, and in 1858 won 100,000/. when her 
son 6eadsman gained the Derby Stakes. The 
Derby of 1851 was won bv Teddington run- 
ning in Uawley's name, although really the 
property of his friend Stanley. Ilawley 
was already known as the ' lucky baronet/ 
but &iled to win the St. Leger in 1831, 



inn Tiitn^mii. Gfuaaast. "wk- 1^ JaT.itzxfv 
2x I.*5i? i*t -ruL -^e Twr T^momic -w^^ 
* rr.itiiiimL k y^»_ Mttu ~*TTT-irrt Tinant 
mm. Ii * Suf- HiVkn^ Mcua. mrit -a* 1««4t.. 
▼XX SEuiniL.. sue. brun. jl I•*9^1^^i BuH^ 
jr»*'3- vneL i'Lnit*' of mt r^mnuons' ^ ■ Hrfr 
kini'Jn: ra3e*c 17- isaic jsisBt^ ]x Man^ 

JjICBi difC. ni lis TJfcWSap* *: m-m^-ir ^ 1^ 
'.arjrt: ^oJif:*^ Lb.tu: ^JXKC^ wnt 3. zht I*k:%t 

will iair i^r'ebrxTrra tiit aan* r*£* .-m'^WttCK- 
ana- ii.I?*tt.-Hxw-jpr-w-utii*Si:-LttKrwhii 

i r l!i»tt uxocsc J -jn^tL H. saimii.-nue. M J>, 
:(f '.tjsm T :ii_ *jit incnatr ctf Iil^ - S^srrsaw; 
TlaxH*-' HawJ^T" witf rtuifc- a fimaa;* itt^it 
t. Karariir *tr*-*atr. iic li* Lnrz Fun^i^n^ 
IrZi*-'?* i*- i^tr^i u:- jifcJ3» ir Tie ati^w 

tilt tc^*-: :if iirw* lircociifla ii»* ctcaatrr. 
Ix I?Tv Lt loai- jErr^»ae*I* f;c lirf rtibra, 
itfT-jaiJa£^ ti* *i*:-lhj?e of rw>.ye*2^-cJd 
nl^e*^ as'- Mii.z^icar baaxy be-ruru:. Ob 
K-* J:^T ItT-X :cl reciriar fr^a the ;nrl, W 

AltL-.nz* triTtiiy i>e-T:c«d to tbe ivat^ 
Haw>y wa^ a zr^ai bcK>kw-:«c. a]>i the li- 
brarr bt o'.-3^irt<ei at Lerbriuine Grani!«p,n<«r 
MaJds::cie. was prjial^y the uk** nluahV 
i=K«:i. He died at -St £a:':)nF]aoe. London, 
f.c 3> Apr^ 18F75. His wifc>, whom be mar- 
TvA va 1? June 1?39, v^as Sarah IHana, 
third datJit-rer of Genenl Str J<Jm OTv*?bie, 
fi.f.'.Jl^ oi" Wat*-ts»te. Sofsex: she died 
9 March lirl. He left two danghter!;. 

[Sp!>r.i^ KcTJrw. 1&*S iL 111-H. I&68 Ix. 
1-a-t^: Btalj's Mae. 1S61. iii. 1-4. vith pv^r- 
tnh: HJnfTmlc-i lyjiMloo News, 1873. Ixri.JlSr, 
427. 61 0: Illc5tm«d Sponiiig and Drainaiic 
News, 1875. iii. 93. 9* 112. with portrait; 
R:oti Hi*tofT of the Turf. 1S7». ii. iS2-41 ; 
ThonaaEby's Famocs Racing Men, 1S$3. p|\ ii,V- 
10<i. with lonrait ; Tannton'5 Raoc Hvirws. 
18&S, ir. 192e:*«i.] O, C, R 

HAWLEY, THOMAS ^rf. lo-VI. Clawn- 
ceux Idng-of-arms, was nominated Hos^ 
blanche pursuivant in the reien of Honry VII, 
and in him this title expirra. He was niMt- 
senger of the chamber to Henry VIII, who 
appointed him RougecnVts pur»ui\-ant on 
^ Aug. loOO. In the latter capacity he ac- 
companied the En^ish armr $ent in IMI, 
under the command of the VmI of Sum*y, 

r'nst James IV of Scotland. The earl em- 
^ _ ed him in the protractevi nofztUiaiiona 
with the Scottish king prvrious to the battU 
of Flodden. Hawley's discretiim is noticed 
in contemporary chronicles, and in the ba)' 
of *The Battle of Flodden.' lu 151? 



Hawley 



246 



Haworth 



brotight (lie ncwH nf tin' lU-fnat nf the Scot)* 
ftnd of JaineH'^ (Juutti to Queen (.'atltiriiu' uf 
ArragOD, who Mat htm to commimictite tlie 
intelh)^nce to Hftnry VIH iit Tournay, < »n 
1 Nov. 1514 he was crt'ntt-fl Carlisle IiernM, 
and on SU Jan. 1514-15 the kini^granti'tl hiua 
BD annuity of twenty miirka for his services 
nt nivhlen. In ir>i>0 h« nccompanieJ llenn' 
to Anlres, nenrCnluis, and wns pivdeiit at the 
Tieldnflhe Cloth nftinUl.' 

On 19 S<'pt. 1524 he wn« despalcheil frotn 
Newcastle by thn Unite nf Norlnlk with thi' 
Itinu's Icttoiv to the (^tit'On of Scots iind llie 
]-Iari of Arran. He wiw conwlantly enjrnK*^ 
LndiploinaticuegoiiutitmgiiiS^'Dthind in hVU 
and 153:2. By i>atenr dated 15 Jiinc 15:U he 
woj made king-ol-amis and (irincinnl bomld 
in the norlheni pnrts of the kingdom, with 
the title of Numiy, and 20/. a year. In the 
ftame yt?ar he went to Scotland in the soilt; 
of Lord \\'illiam HowanJ, amb««!*fld<>r to the 
ycotliihcourt. Hy patent dated IS April I5,'ll> 
he wn» appointed hini»-f.f-ann!* anti principal 
hornhl of the ROiifhem, rasteni, and westeni 
parts of the kingdom, with the title nt* Cln- 
rencoitx. lie wa.< actively emiiloyi'd by the 
Duke of Norfolk in trt»atiiip with the northern 
ndielii nt the time of the Piljirnntiffe oft-Jroce, 
III I>ocember l-VW he iiroclaimud the kiti|^'« 
pardon at WukefieUI, llahfax, ond in oilier 
towns in the ntirth, and he wn« present at 
the exccntiiin of Kohrrt Aske and other 
leadersof the insurrection in 15*17. In 15ii9 
ho wa« en^afreJ in n dif«ttute with Sir ('hri»- 
topber Barker [«|. v.]. Garter kinjc-of-arnis, 
with reference to their respective privileges 
{Afi4lie. MS. B2tt7, pp. 1 •2A Betj. ) In I55_> he 
visited the coiintieji of Essex, Surrey, and 
Hants. After the death of Etlwnrd'VI he 
went with the Duke of Northumberland to 
Canibridiie, but he opportunely left before 
the cnuse at liij* daniflit(.r, Lady June lirt>v, 
crdlapwd. t^ueen Mary treated him a*i n 
diwanected jierHon, but did not. deprive him 
of his office. He repiinrrd boiup portion of 
the myiil favour by hi? conduct (lurinp the 
rebellion of Sir Thomna Wyatt, whom he in- 
docod tn submit to iho qncon without aacri- 
ficing more of the lives of hi« deluded fol- 
lowerji. In 1555hehi>idnn henildic visitation 
in the county of Kent. He diM at bis re- 
Bidence in liarbican.ljondon.on 'J'J Auff. 1567, 
and was buried on the 24th with elaborate 
ceremony in tbe church of St, f liles without 
Crippltyate (Uarieinn J/»S'. Ml", f. 17: Ma- 
CHYN, Uiiii-if, p. 1491. Hy his will, dated 
21 Aug. 1557, and jiroviHl on the 2otb, he 
appointed William Harvey (rf. 1507) [q. t.], 
Norrov klog-nf-arms, his executor, and pive 
him all liia book.'*. 

His heraldic viaitation of Eseex, Surrey, 



and Hampshire is preserTed in tbe AdditJ 
MS. TOSW in the Hritish Museum. ThftJ 
Visitation of Esstx' waa printe«l hy rhn 
Hnrleian Societv (vol. xiii. Ijondon.'lBTl^J 
8voJ, edited by 'Walter C. Metcalfe, F.ri.AJ 
A nortruit engraved from on illuminated | 
initial ill a grant of arras is in I)Blljiway*e 
'Science of Heraldry,' platy 12. 

' (Addil. M.S.S. 16399 f. 70 f,. 21965 f. 166 4; 1 
.^n^iis's Order of the Gnrter. ii. pre/, pp. 2I,A 
xxxviii. xJtxii ; Brewer* Ixiterj nnd Papen of 
H<(iry VIII, i. 64, U. pt. ii. IG47, i%-. pt, 1. B69; 
ll.dliiway's Science i-f Hcmldry; Otti^^OlT^J' 
lyl tiTf and I'lipersof Hnr\- VIH. v. 842. vi. +50, 1 

, vii. tJyS.x. 41«. 472; Machyns Oiitrr. pp. 121,1 
3A8i XoUn't.Colleganf Ann*, pp. 119, l'i2, 128^ 
IHO. 14A. Ifil ; Rymcr'5 l>'(cdera t Uaftua rdit.\i 
voL *i. pi. iii. p. 172, pt. iv. pp. 35. 80; Stat»i 
rapL-Mot Heury Vin.i.4»7.Jifll>. V. I3P.xt.d70;l 
Cnk'nih^ri of State I'lpcn*, Dom. (1347-80)^1 
pp. 4, 92; Arlilodda, 1 .'»4 7 -6Ji. pp. 412. 427. 43!ij| 
Stryj-wii StutnuriiiU, rtil. ii. pt. 11. p. 208, 8vo.l ■ 

T. C. 

HAWORTH, ADUTAN HAni>Ya707- 

IH^):)). ent'imolagtst and botain;^!, a membec 
of an old mercantile family, was born at Hulll 
in 1707. He was articled to a wdicitnr, butl 
n-uouucedtbe legal profession on completidnf 
of his arlifles and t^.-ttled at Cottinghami 
near Hull, where hu begun the stuJjr 
entomology, omitholng^', ami lnjtany. ilfl 
moved to Little f'heUea I>etween 1793 an 
1797, whore he resided until 1812. rdnrne 
to Cottinghuin in the latter ye-ar, and one 
more moved toCheltiea in 1K17. He becnm 
a fellow of the Linnean Societv in 17IN 
foundtnl the .Vnrelian Society, which n<?*v»i 
reached tweniv meml»er?, about l(<02v 
on it.it dissnlntion in 1806 t^Vik the lead ifl 
cttahlisliitig the Kntom'do^rjpfli Society 
l..oncl(m, which wh* arterwurds mergwl 
tlie /oiilngical Club of the I.innean Sooietyd 
Jlesidi'S forming a cdlis-tion «if eleven ht 
dred species ami three hundred \arietie9 1 
lepidoptero u^ insects at C'belf)eR, be cuUtrate 
a gront variety of suoculent plants, which I 
obtained from Kew, and during his eecoi 
residence at Cottingbnm he helped to for 
and to arrange tlio Hull botanical garden 
Ho died suddenly of cholera at Snlamoncfti 
riace.(iueen'8Elm,CheUeii.24 Aug. 1833. H«f 
w]ist)iree times rofttTied.and he had childretd 
byeachmarriiige. llislhiniwifesiirvivedhim, 
liiH collection.'^ were sold hy auction, thfl 
insects, numbering forty thousand, being 
catulogued by J. O. WesiwiMd, now pMV 
fcseor of roology at O.xford. The type spoc^J 
mens of insects described by him on; now m^ 
the Hril i.sh Museum, and his berburium, which 
comprised twenty thousand fipecimens. is in- 
oorjM^rated with that of H. fi. Fiulding^at 



Hawortr 



»47 



[awtrey 



ana 

nil 
iii 



OxforJ. Thcri' is a lithographic portruit of 
Jlaworth by Weld Taylor, and thu genus 
JlattftrtAia, n subdivision of Ahc, haa been 
<le<ilcated to bim b}* Duval. 

lUworth's works are: 1. * Botanicftl His- 
rv of Khu9 Toxit'odendrou ' ^anon. ), in the 
edicnl essay on tbiil plunt ( 179iJ), by hi« 
tllrtw-Town«m(m. !>r. Aldt.-rKin. 1'. 'Obsyr- 
tions on tht.' giMiim Mosi^mhrTanthcnmni,' 
7H4. y. ' ProdramuBLepidopteronim Briiau- 
if'oriim: aconcifteCatalogUti . . . witUtimcs 
and plncea of app^arancD^ by ft Fellow of 1 lie 
^ -"uean Society,' 1802, enuoierflting^ 7i*;i 
cica. 4. The sixth volume of Andrews's 
lotanistH Repository,' whicli wiis thu work 
of Hftis-nrlh ( !808). h. ' Lepidniitera JJriUn- 
nicV 8vo.pt. i.lHa3; pt. ii. lKl()(-'): and pt, 
iii. 1^*12, In lS2y a ao-callid appendix of 
^M [>agv>i wn^piihliftlied, conljiining »\x 'Di.-;- 
rtat.idneavarijc'or ' Miscellnnc-anaturaliu,' 
1 of which arfl bohinical, referrina; mMlly 
to succulent plant.*. C * Synopeiis Planturum 
Succtilentnrum,' London. 18I:J, 8vn ; lla- 
worth's chief botanical work.arran^'eil on I he 
l^inniean system and givinf,' in r<Hltn tiie 
<lescri[itiun, liabitat.,dat>*nt'inrroduetion,and 
mont h of tlowering of car.li npeeit^j* ; a supple- 
ment wiii* i.sitned in IHI!), uci-umpanied by 
* N'urci.4i4orum Kevisio.* 7. ' Saxifraprarum 
iLUumeraiio/ lH21(?), 8vo (the preface is 
<Inted 1817); to this ii^ appended * Hevisioiiea 
'MantJirum Succulentaruni,' pp. "207. 
The ' Tninsaction? uf the Kntomulojipcnl 
iety'beffinin 1807 with n ' ileview of 
le Uise and Projrresa of . . . Kntomolopy in 
at liritain ' by him, and tlie two other 
Tts, vi«. those of IHOD and IHI2. contain 
ny of his descriptive ]itipen4. Jli-tween 
i^'tand IH28 Iweiity-fivepHpersi by Flawnrlh 
|»enn.'d in the ' Philosnpliical Maj^TUtine.* 
;Tid he also contributed to t he 'Trnns^icl ions' 
ti( the Linnean and Unrtirultnral societies, 
lictween 1>'12 and 1819 llaworth wrot« a 
]K>om in twcnly-fonr cantiMi, entitled ' Cot- 
^intrham,' port only of wdiich whs published 
; a local newspaper, and that part not evinc- 
7 much poetic iwwer. Thoujfh he never 
.veiled Ix'vond his own country, Haworlh 
t» a. iioiind naturalist on all fiubjfctd, and 
contributions to science are of lajttiug 
ue. 
ffFn«lk^e^'l*Cbel«y^. ii. 1 1 ; Ofnt. Majr. 1833. 
1 377: Tottai-e Gardiner, vi. 157 ; liritien and 
bulg(*r\« Indirxof Uiitaniitj, Journal of BotKny, 
89, p. 81.] G. S. IJ. 

HAWORTH, SAMUEL (/. lOHil), om- 
la n nativi.i of Hprtf'irdshirt', and 
obnbly the son of William Hawnrth, who 
■Ot« ii^*in.^t the Hertf.ird quakerit (Ut74J). 
, 1679 he was b ' student of (diysic' living 



next door to the Dolphin in Sighi* l.Ane, and 
dealing in quack tablets and a tincturi!. He 
vrtis patronised by the Uukeof York(JamesH), 
ami admitted an extra-licentiate of the Col- 
iepc of Physicians on 12 Oct. 1680. His new 
way of curing consum]it ion WHS broujifht to the 
notice of Charles II, who ordered him to teal 
it onaca*e(Kennedy O'Brien of the gnords), 
the result Iwin^ satisfactory. In 1082 he 
was practicing at Bnimptnn, and in roiiuejst 
as t'ai* oil* OS Parin. In ItiS^ heinlnrmotl tho 
(-'ollegi* of Physicians that he bad obtained 
the M.V. degree at Pari*>, and thai he was 
previously ft graduate of Cambridge (his name 
IS not in the list of alumni). His 'True 
Method of Curing Con»um])liontt, »tc.,' Lon- 
don, 10^2, 12mo, is fnlsouiely difdieuted to 
Charles II, and givea cases of the t>fiVct-s of 
hiscrand elixir, pills, powders, &e. His other 
works are an ' A»'^(MirwXoy*(i * (fie), London, 
1080, 8 vo, and ii ' Ili'scription of the Duke's 
Bagnin and of the Mineral Balh, £:c./ I^on- 
don, 1683, 8vo, a Turltish bath in l^ong Acre, 
where rubbing was praclis*'d, and artiticial 
mineral water made tn pa^s into the ground 
and issue forth again. 

[Muiik's Coll. of Pbyv. i. 416; Notes and 
Qaeriu, 3rd ser. x. 372 ; Huwortha writingn.] 

C.C. 

HAWTKEY, EnWARDCKAVKX,D.n. 
(1789-1802), head-master, and aft»'rwnrd8 
provo&t, of liton College, bttm at Bumhnm, 
four nides from Kton, on 7 Jlay 1789, was 
the only son of Kd^vanl liawtrey, scholarof 
Kings Colh'ge, Cambridge, \7iA), fellow of 
Ktun I7i^,iind vicarofBunihnm. Mis mot her 
was n sister of Dr. Foster, head-master of 
Eton (1765-73). His father's fiimily had 
been connected with Kton CnlU-ge for nearly 
three hundre<l years. Ilawtrt-y entered the 
school in 17!Ht. Among his contemporflriea 
in thesixthfonn, under Jnsi'pliGoociuU [»i.v.\ 
the head-master, were Canning, alK'rwanls 
Vip»counl Stratford de Uedclitle, and Lons- 
dale, afterwards bi^hoji of Lichfield, and a 
little junior to him were Sir John Patt«>soii, 
Sir John Taylor Cnleriilgn, I^rd IHllenho- 
rough, and Deun Miliuan. Huwtrey always 
ascribed the best part of his intelleclunl train- 
ing to his rivalry with such competitors. 

In 1807 hewasadmittedsohnlar,uiid three 
yenrs later fellow, of King's College, Com- 
bridge. At that date the degree of B..\. was 
conferred on King's men without any uni- 
versity examination. Hawtrey. however, wan 
selected for honoumblt' mention in the ex- 
amination fpFi he university scholarship, with 
Pntteson. Empson, and Sumner. The pnv 
vost of King's in 1811 wished to obtoin for 
him tbemasterahip of theCorporation School 




Tf^^mmpmmm^^ 



^0tm^ jE^— i^i^igwfci^ g I iw 













'«.''((' '/ij f " jiit't'i' t>ff*(tf tifi^titt*^ )fytfMw- 

hf,^ 'I) itiHH,' Uh ¥>Hft'1, ' HH «**tlll in Miy 
hl''l/lH<') «M'' M^l'ff N fl'>ilM' f'( \nnmMn\ Vt Alt! 

\\\ l')'li,ir(( Of hMHl"'« ri'*(|/f*Mfi'm, lUw- 
>.lH Mtf'iil lf"|"'" Wf'f'u *ifil«>r1«JnM rif 

It MitH Miihiif")'*! Im fiMV fiiiM'VHliffri, Mn 

III iiiM)' iKHiilfi'tJlliM niiJiiiHJ iJivUinMo inuffti 
|miimii(4M|Mh| t'liMlthlnif hlMiHtiir to \\m 
Iniiiii Hllll MiiMHtttlllitHMhtioiilK ntiRt 

bH IIImI lt{l|llt)HM«| H|mI ailtllllvldiMfl \\w 
iflMI '|lltll<tlM"ltHt4llVtl)M'MV(l«t (tiNHlntt 

Mimi ml lltitvliitv'M nmti'lKHl nt\\n\u mifllt 

lliinih MMilHItltltll'll iIhHIIIiHIMI I Iip ItlHtCf*- 
.Ml III llml^vitM H« |M'tMMRl' Ih lM4(t. tllAt 

tin MM MM mm h( m«j with imy viuimr. 




f «r% bt- i^Aemf k aS JSworiiT^ wyfcwJng, 
if bt*r 'did iHS wigpu tt. (fe piMH. ooBsort's 
w^tTv kftza*^ yriatt. TW Ea^t^ es»T 
jiTOg h^ luwaelf frwitp J- inthk»a»istant- 
pMutDgn Hawlif?- wTMci I MpM fa ticaad libCTtl. 
' Tb#r pnpaUr vappoarkH »' (Mr. Gladstone, 
7, Jan. l^A TTiteE) nkat Etna (fnn 1830 
rmiTArd* ) was cwpl mla^ br a tide of reno- 
vation iin*-. to the bme and ccntagioas ex- 
wm\Af. of Dr. Arnold. Bat this in mj (^nion 
iM an ifTTftr. Eton was in a singulaiiy small 
dtff(Tef; €rpen to inflaence from other public 
ncUnttU. There were three pencms to whom 
Klon wan more indebted than any others for 
till! new life poured into her arteries: Dr. 
Ilftwtrey, the contemporarv Duke of New- 
(fMlle, find Bishnp Selwyn. ' Hawtrey may 
}k) iinid/ writes Mr. Maxwell Lyte, * to have 
thnw by encouraging what Keate tried to do 
by thruatening.' 
Uawtrey b»»me provost after Hodgsona 



Hawtrey 



349 



Haxey 



death in I>ecember iJ^fi?. He welcomed most 

I of the improvemeiitri nf the new hoad-m&stcr, 

^HCliarKtt Old GiKxlfiml [q. v.] : but ho ■na» in- 

^^Uint.'d lu later life to tumk liift nwu rcfonns 

^Hlrere titial, and to discount on anm^ fll^tht^^ 

^fradical chimgfft. From 1854 till bUdeAth he 

^^ivos vicar of JtapleJurhaiu. Ilia courtesy and 

gCDoroftitv cudrared him tot.he villugers, and 

two win<lowB in the chnrcli were lilied in 

comm«<uioratiou of him with stained glatw*. 

liawtrey was a thoTouph miwter nf the 
art of conversation, liin hn-'akl'a»t parties 
tfVPTe famous for anecdotes* and criticisms. 
!*it<:rmr5 friends were alwa_v» welcome nt the 
jvu«l'.s lodge, and nmon^ bii! pnests were 
lulhioi, Wliatelv, Milman, Senior, Alderson, 
lenri.' Taylor, and John and Sarah Austin, 
le was also intimate with Ouizot, Bartli6- 
Bmy St. lliliiire.and other foreigners of note. 
Hawtrey gave largely to the new Imildings 
and other i*chool funds, and his private niii- 
nificence was very hivisli. A.sal)oolc-collector 
be showed consummate tMli,>. He in said to 
^HJiave DiM-nt 40,IKNJ/. on hi^ lihniry^ which iii- 
^BUuded alike Aldines and rare editions of the 
^SPrawait^heaides i-ecent isauesfrom continental 
I {■Mli>> Comiianitive philoloc^y, then in its 
" T^UKjfWas well repreiwnted. Vohimes iUns- 
trnted with valuable engravings were nume- 
,rous. Many books were verv expensively 
[>und, and the library ineluctiKl specimens 
'ceicbrnte<l bookhinders, e.g. Pndrlonp and 
^enirae. Hnwireydied iinmorrietl on 27 .Inn. 
IWJ'J, and was tho last persson buried within > 
stou colh'-ge ciiMiH-l. A monument, designed 
y Wooiiyer, with a rw-umbent figure by 
bicholls, was GPect*?d in tUe chopel in 1H78. ' 
, portrait of hioi, painted by lU-l^ne Keillet 
I \r*^i, hang« in the provost's liKltre. Part ' 
^ Uawin-y's library was sohl far l»'lnw its 
'irortb in iHoS, nndibe rest dispersed in iNii. 
Huwtreyprinled ]>rivately: 1. 'IITrifoglio 
^^^vvero .ScbHr/i Mflrici d' un' IngU-se,' hvo, 
^^■London, \f^V.). Tranidntions iuto Italian, 
^H^lennan, and On'-ek %erse, a small volume, ' 
full nf genuine poetical feeling. 'J. 'Two 
TmimUtionft from Homer in Knglish Hexa- 
ttera, and the War-song of Calliniis in 
giacSf'-lto, 1843. 3. 'Chapel Kecttires,' 
IWH-9. Jle also joined some friends in a 
olume «if iranslations U-ondon, 1M7>, to ' 
'which he contribntt^l KngHsb he.vametral 
intnslalions fmm Schiller and (loethe, the ' 
endprin^B of Homer and Callinus, already 
rivately printed, and Mclcager'.^*IIeIioJoni.' 
lawtreys hexameters were praised by Mat- 
hew ^Dold, who singled him out, with 
ofewors Thompson and Jowett, as one of 
bo natural judges of Homeric translation. I 
Six pieces by him appeared in the* .\rundine8 
^ * 1&41 (Uted.) He prepared an wlition 



of Goethe* Lyrische Oedichten * (Eton,lH3» 
and 18^), for pn>sentati<m only, and ei)itv«l 
for the lloxburghe Club 'The I^rixaiu lliary 
of William, tirst Karl Cow]>er ' (Ktnn, lh38). 
[A Uistoryof Kton College by ^Ltixweil Lytc, 
C.B., new edit. 1889; The Keeiittrum Krgnle; 
nmogmph letturw of K. V. Hawtrey to hia 
nujihor. 1807-I'!j: Tniinuficript 0()nimnnications 
from Bishops Djrnfurd, Kj'le, AhmJiitni. Mr. 
W. K. (jliidoiode. Sir Ooorgc Vouug, and titbers; 
persoual kiiowleiige.] V. St.-J. T. 

HAXEY, THOMAS (^/. 142o), treasurer 
of ^'i>rk minster, wna pr^ibably a native of 
Haxey, in (he isls of Avhnlnip in Lincoln- 
shire, to which village he IcA ben«"fia*tions in 
his will. In 13H4 he became rector of Pul- 
ham in Norfolk, which be exchanged in the 
same year for the living of St. Nicholas 
CoIe-.\bbt-y in the city of London. Karly in 
13HG he wf\8 presentiKl by the king to the 
rectory of Toppestield in Kssex.but resigned 
it after half a year un becoming rector of 
Crawley in Kuckinghamshire. In ISM" he 
wt^nt bHck into MR.«ex as rector of [>engie, but 
rej^igne*! this Ix'nelien early in tht- following 
year. In l.'iiiOhe was inducted to the cliurcn 
of St. Andrew at Histoo. in the dioct-ae of 
Ely, and from 13Vt3 to the beginning of 1408 
ho held tho living of Laxfin, Nottingham- 
shire, in the dioeew of V<irk. He wos also 
rector of Brington in Northamptonshire. 

Haxey's pivbendal appoinluients, if leM 
numenius, weru hanllv i^ss varied than his 

fiurorhinl ones. At the beginning of 13W 
It' was collated lo the pn-hend of Tar^'in in 
l.ichtield CalhiMlml, in l-'iVU Lo that of Ren- 
minsler Secundn at Salisbury, and in 1395 
10 (hat of Seamlesby at Lincoln, which he 
quitted in 1402 for the stall of Farrendou- 
cum-Halderton. ICarly in 140.1 he was madu 
preb«-nd»ry of Raniby in York Cathedral, and 
tH'came canon H'-sidentian.-, and bcfon* the year 
was over he received, at tho king's presenta- 
tion, the prtrliend of ltampt<min theodlegiato 
church of SfMithwell, of which he is named 
AH canon in 13^5. Ho was also prebendary 
of Howden in the Ko^t Hiding (then in the 
diocese of Durham). In 1418 he was miule 
treasurer of the church of York, and gave 
up liis prebends both in that cathedral und 
at Southwell. In 141!) he exchangetl Iuh 
prebend at Sali-^bun^ for that of Monkton at 
Kipnn, and this again in 14 J3 for that nf St. 
Catharine uL Hcverley. Lastly, he wasmastcr 
nf Lnsenby Hospital, near Northallerton, an 
otfice which hu held, twcther with his pre- 
l>ends (at least) at Lichbeld and Lincoln, at 
tlie limu of his death. 

In ( ti'tober 13lHi 'Sir 'Thomas Haxey and 
Sir William Kagol were appointed attomeyn 
for the Earl of Nottingham^ then captain of 



I Calais (Rtmbs, Fadera, vii. &44), aad fll»- I 
fiibly, through this connection rH|aixu^ his , 
I attendance at London, Ilaxey was choispn to 
! attend the {>arliame»t summoned Tor -^J Jan. 
l«IltO-7. That he wa8(uHalUm maintaius) 
o uemlMTof the boiue la altogetht^ruiilikeU. 
It mitot rather be guppoeed, wiib Bishop 
Stabbs, that, m hia name U absent from i be 
retuma of elections to this parliament, he 
■was 'a proctor of the clergy in attendance 
wxAerXhc prttmunirntfs cIbuac.' Haxey here 
made bim»elf conspicuous by hrin)£ing for- 
ward an urliele in a bill of coitiplHiiittf retlect- 
ingKpon tbeexlrava^iiceol'lht.' kiu^'s houae- 
hold : and on '2 Feb. Uiclisrd II, when he 
learned the purport of the bill, called upon 
thespeakertog^iveup the name of the member 
TMiKinsible fi>r (be obnnxioii* article. AVhen 
the bill wa» produced, lloxeyV »pecific attack 
was found to be directed against tlic residence 
of the bishops at court awny from their dio- 
ce«cfi, and a^ir.fit a particular tax levietl on 
the rh'rjry ; but the conim<nii* wen.' frijfhtened, 
nud ntfvred a bumble opolo^^'. llaxey was 
made the M'ajM.youl for a btll which they 
had aeceplefl. lie woii tried in the \\ hitc 
Chamber l>efore the kin;;, the lonU temporal, 
and the 0(imm<ins on 7 I'Vh., and was con- 
demned to death as u traitor. Archbishop 
Arundel, however, with the other bi&hops, 
aucoecded in claiming him b.s a clergyman, 
and he was anenvanls {27 Mity) panloncd. 
lu the first parliament of Henry IV the 
judgment was reversed. 

I hiring his residence at York Jlaxey was 
active in walcliinj; over the repair and en* 
Inrgemenl of the fabric of the minster. 1 lis 
work thetv ia attested by the presence of bia 
coat of armis lor, three bucket* in fe*s,.«Jiblr;) 
on the window* of the library- and else- 
where. He also presouted aome plate to the 
cathedral. During the xncancy of the see, 
in 14:2^-1, he was twice Dp(tomt«K] by Uie 
Uean and chapter to be keejwr of the spiri- 
tualities. Hedied probablv oil WJiui. 1421—% 
and waa buried In York Minster. 

[An exhaustive memoir by iJie K«r. J. Ilaine. 
oinoii oi York, appeare in the Fabric ItoIIa of 
Y'nrk Miiialer (Surtoes Sec). 1851>, pp. 'J03-C. 
Where the two differ, Mr. Kaiae'H tiialMiioiits 
haru n*-ually been nr<%pt«i in pref«rfDC« tothofta 
in i> NeTft'fi Fasti hlefl. Aiiglii:. ed. lliirdy. tfeo 
alfio W. H. Joneo'ii Ftisli t^cl. Siiricb. 1879. p. 
359. Th*' prnc<*<iiiijj« relHtire to Ilnxey's piir- 
liamontarj action iiro iu liot. Pari. iii. 3-18 f., 
^41 ; the^ nru nieitod with adJitional dolnils in 
the kinc's fanlon, ib. 4(i7 T The coaimons' 
piflitiun fur the reversal of the judgment ii 

firinteil, id. 434. The case is diicufsod by Hal- 
nm. Middle .Arm. i-d. 1872, iii. 7'* ff., and 
titsbtf*. Vontx. Hist, of Engl., library edit. 1860, 
ii. 636 ff.j K. L. R 



t 



HAY,AI.EX.\Nr>Kn,!-oftDE-iaTi!:RKE3rJ 
SET (i iri94). SC"iiti*h judge, bel'*aged tol 
the family of Hay of Park, AVit^^oQjJiire, au^ 
in March 1564 was nominated by Moitland ( 
L#fthington clerk to the privy conncil, witbl 
a juilary of iriO/. S(t>t*. In 1508 he accoc 
[lanied Murray and I^tbiugton to York. In 
1577 he liecaiue director uf the chaucerykl 
and in October 1579, uwjh tbo death 
M'(«ill of Ifjiukeillour, he was appoiutc 
clerk register, and on 'JM Oct. of that ye 
waa admitted an ordinary seiutor of 
Collie of Justice, with the title of 
Easier Kennet. In the same year he ha-» 
came a member of the comtnisaion anent thfl 
iuri»diction of the kirk, and in lo^l u mem- 

r of the commijtsion fur the visitation and 
reft^irmation of ho^itaU, and aUo acted aa 
arbitrator in the feud between the families 
of fiordon and Forbe*. In November 1581, 
after the raid of Ituthven, he was employe 
to carry to l^nnox the kinf^'s commands t bat 
he should quit the kingdom, and dunnv tlifl 
abeenc4< of Secretary Maitland with Klng^ 
Jame« in Nor^vay he acted us interim secns- 
tary for the Scottish languajji-'inUctobt'r 1580 
In lo9:2 hereceivwl praiiti of numerous chn 
ter< fctr his goodserv ice, and on lU Sept, ISUf 
he died. 

A young«r ran, ALEXumBB Uat, Lob 
NEvmit {d. iGHi), wia clerk of seAsioa 
till IGOB, when he Itecame secretary. Og 
3 Feb. 1610 he was admitted an ordinur 
lord; acted as royal commissioner at tb 
Glnsgow Assembly in IttlO; and becan. 
clcrk-register 30 July \^V1, Ho was tl; 
author of * Manuscript Xoles of Transact inn 
of King James VI, written for the use 
King Charles' {Cat. Dacid I^iti'f't .I/.S4 
I'uiv. I.ibr, Kdinb. p. 17), Ther^ are letter 
of Lord blaster Kennet in the hiuw colic 
tion, p. 57, and in Thorpe's ' C'al. Stat 
Papers,' gcotti.'ih series, between 1573 and 
1.584. 

[Bmnton and Haig's Senntora of the Boyal 
Cullrf*e f>f Jiutice; Andaraon's Scuit.t»h Vati'^ni 
Acta .Scots Pari. iii. 138. 219, 231. 626; B<wli 
cf Sederunt; Keith's App. 174; Melritlo Men 
p. 205; SjHrtifrwtxxi, p. 379; Moys^, pp. 7I„ ^%\ 
JHonteith's Tho«tro of iloralily.p. oJ.j 

J..V.H. 

HAY, AI.EXANDF>n (d, 1807P), ion 
grapber, wa.4 a mat<ter of arta of probaul^ 
a Scottish uiiivenuty, who took orden* 
the Knglish church. He settled atC'hieb'j* 
ter, Su85ex, where he taught at a Hchoi^ll 
became chaplain of St. Clary's Chapel 
that city, and by December 1 708 was vicar ( 
AViaboroiigh Green, Sussex. He never 
aided at Winborough. About 1784 lie wmtsl 
a small pamphlet entitled * The Chichester 




Hav 



Hxv 



ventT. be Fesii=:MC = 3. u "TfF-:— ?• 3 esl k- 

ndp re « < E: >:*;* r-f-iR ''''j^ ■ ■ r^ -i-i3ir- 
ind iht {.'•-•zz.ry :c Su^-ci n. rattr-w "wrj. 

City, -v.* ^r-. i ^' -■. «^--^ :i*.ii. I^-iT--r t-^ 
state? thi: Hit -wtj txns € T* .a-T-r 'un. 
Green *be:-^*7=. "•; tii l^.r. itl— : - t*- 
cover aiiT irf-mAtl-rc rf-«:»»*r~3ir i^ i-r:!* 
e<lucati>^i:. isi i*±:i ir»i— «*-* t/^ *><.'>(.- 
p. 337": Lii iiiiriT^r. l-iif" Hi", ij-i t* 

at the ar^ cf -^--i-i O'l' Mer -.-i --^ 
[Hat's I'rt:j.K:: ::■: H*" r* •;: "i.^^:.-— -^ 



HAT, A.VWlt^** :>r->:4 . =1; r- ' 

general, li'-uttaar:-:-:'J'r—l !•■- r r^i_ r-ri- 
ment of f-xv:. s.:= :: '-^-tt^ litr V M-ur- 
Blairer and Cattit'i.-It H -^i*-? rrJ-^Iiti^ 
shire, was bwn ':z. l.~r-:i. ».--i :c '.' I»nr. ,77;* 
appointed en*im is izt^ 2*>* :r j^.tiI f 'ir. iz. 
which he Eerrtd *. :i.r --*r*. .^rx - • ;• t 
compaoT in ih*^ old rr:i .=. irv.'^ trii ltitt- 
wards retuminr to the 1-r r-Ti^?. H* t:.^- 
sequently rerir-d -a Lilf-jar Ti'rii ::• •- t: 
September 17'-»4 L* wi« j.;T«:irt-i =.1;- 
and was plaoed ot; "lilf-ptr .*: :1- lt:t iiiri 
foot, when that r*s^*rr wa? Vr. k-^ up := 
B^merara in 171*6!! "Wtii*- en }^lf-p*y Lr 
raided the Banffshire or l»-iie of \'.r£** -iwn 
fencible infantrr. and crnis^and*-: :: ;r. ' i ^*^rT>- 
eey, Gibraltar, Ac. in 1 71*>-1 HC In 1 **Si L* 
wasappoinred lieut-rnaEt-c^il'-nel ff :Lr U"*b 
battauon of the army of p-^^rrT*-. and tn-rr- 
wards of a second b«tTali<-<n of tL* 7:;r.'i. 
formed out of men enrolled in tLe arEiy -f 
reserve in Scotland, which he comman-i-^ 
until 1807, when he was tran*ft-rp-'i to tL*: 
late 3rd battalion 1st royals, which he c-*m- 
manded as part of Baird's reinforcement* at 
Corunna. lie commanded a bri^dt^ nt W&I- 
cheren. Ketumin? with his battalion to 
Spain, he commanded a brigade of the tifth 
division in the Peninsula from 1 June 1^10 
(^Wellington Suppl. i^ej^i.Tii. ll^^ntheend 
of the war, including the battles of Busaco, 
Salamanca, Vtttoria, the asaault on St. Sebas- 
tian, where hia brigade took a leading part, 
thepassageoftheBidassoa, and the succeeding 
operations on the Adour,dunngwhich he was 
in t«mporaiT charge of the fifth division, the 
battles on the Xive, and the investment of 
Bajonne. He attained the rank of major- 
graeral 4 June 1811. He was mortally 
wonsded, whMi general officer of the day, 



^'^T-i 1. Bi mLMi-ir ■ -.TtSRirfcZ iity a; >t. 

^ar-r £ I^IU-CI- f&r^C^ II— IX -1: fcTurct. a 
liuitli; ^li'z.ii^ii'^LZ -rti' ~ ~--i- Ljt — a tij*:* 
mil ~fc^-^— i- riiin»'--~jTi. 17 Z£ ■.:2i.':i>x H :c^ 

}1l' Hiiirr.-L i ATir_ 1"-^ 1'. xa:»e:h 
34iiizj> n. ^ 3«Lrf. -Til.. ■*"-tl T--X ci-Z- 

•.■»*r -TT'r ni.'T,ls- T TLl-."W-|ri>a»:?TxllT W.-Zi2e»i 

' - -7? - Lr-'i- '. Li.iii'i t Hs<. rl?*". Z-z :t Jl: v.s2 
I.-r:T:--:r -r •'.•r.- .-'Jrw.«:«_ ♦ Trt_ l-sfr. "t:"-- 

T..- .in- T»;ri •_:•. Z-'tTsstiLT r^-i*:r;» ': t H*t oc 
".:- .T*rt.:.«i'*-r ic 'tj'i i'j-L.-* *:. u*f re;. ::. r.:-., 
vM. •<''r. ut". .i 1-* ^rt-.A-^i.tJ "4i-i-:,r:i* 

L."tT 1:,- ■■- :*Lr». :': v. .. 4-1—5. y.-t;,"-.* ji :b* 
Hi.T* ..; i -fc.-*- :tr:-=r ;i Sr;-:* Mar. xlv-;. 225, 

-.C-. j-:_i*^. lin.icL 5::;e2».: 

H. M. C. 



HAY. >:e .O'I'REW LEITH * 17>V 
'•*':^ . uTir-r ■'•■:, arAi'rCfure. wa* l»om at 
A>.rrir-rr ::17tVb.l7^'.. HisfaiLer.ALEi- 
xyzzh Le:ts Hit . 17->>-lsi^'. :V.rmeriy 
AI-i»,r. :-r l^'.ih. w»5 app-inted a lifutenant 
ir : i- 7:h -irar^ -rn? iin^iv^Mately on hi> birtb, 
r^T'-Air. !7'^''^. anl c -I-'n-rl in :Le armv 17W. 
rf. r. :l- .2-*:h f Andrew Hay in 17?4» ho 
::.:.-- re-it h-eJttTeofRannes.Aitervleenshirp, 
8si a--»'J2:-d rb^ additional jiun'.ame of Hay. 
Jjtinr d»-«o-nd*-i fr>-»m that family thn^iiirh his 
jtt.:rmfcl::nindn;oTher. t»n 1 IKn. in the$ame 
vt«r h*- wa* sraxvtted c- lonel of a n-cimont 
niif-d by himself and called by his name, 
llr wa?Yr"Da"trtl to be majt'r^jrfiu'nd 17SH5, 
lieutenant-general I'^W. full p'n*'n»l 1SIU» 
and dirtl in Au^rn^t IStS ( (itHf. .V.ry. iStS, 
ii.:fe.M ». Hemarrie.lin \7>\ Mar>.daught<'r 
of t 'harle.* l-\irU's of llallotiie; she dit\l in 
ImM. 

Tlie elJt^t son. Andri'w l.oith, rnlenM 
the armv as an ensign in tlu' 7-ud ftx^l on 
f Jan. iVOti. went to the IVninsuln in IMW 
as aide-de-camp to liis unclf, («>ner«l Sir 
James Keith, and si-rytnl through \\w war 
until l!*14. He was much emplovinl in 
gaining tntenipMict\ and waa pn^wnt at 
many of the actions fnun rornnna to lh« 
storming of San Seba^tian. Whim'ver h* 
went he mado sketchea,and in IHJtl wor 



Hay 



*s« 



Hay 



<rftfe 



o« 



■HanW'of 



»fliUI%^M«^ 







ii.G. 



ornlilvr «Knuv7 Mid alip Iteat «f I 



HAT. 



ZI?K9V. 



newlr Wm bum4 a knew 



TUCK. MBtk Xamcis M 



ABTBTB. MBt 
t- TVOMAU (1RS4-I87S\ < 

He Wd PR- U Itfifrif;, aid >fte i««nb at Oraem under 
eaaaaadcrgf , ITA a1ag»*, the hjloriaa. lie becanw eastfpi 
rsSpra,aaria Ba»- I aad Ctirtaaak m the Grenaifier pauib ia 
Wroflha Lqpoa of Iloaoor. ^ IMl^aad Ibw^can later lorA rart in ;Ii« 

Hartaif nUred fntm %im »nmj he tMrmed a nl aoa j cuapatgrn •# the - 
faia aCtMliAa t» polilka, Ittok fart ia the caiy totheifoyeraer t.M Wf.. 
■ pta t fa o ypwJii^ the fMad^ of the B<t- llrsrvr, l>ofts\ In IA4ft fae'auk- * lour i 
ft l M Bfl. a^ hff an > i lanwjii r fnr thi El|^ the tarthee lllmalaTaiy aiul aooo After 

ivtlr after as- | tanei to hia imuWi b 



B«1^o«»ElM.I8a9L Shortlji 



IB England, harii 



tarfaw yiliaiaiBf hia naduBBaa aa a ^eahcr i heeB iaiBa<ifi<l to a eofanr. In 1&51 
aad ttja aequaiBtaaee with militarT aflbata cnvclled isOac 



aequaiBtaaee with militaij aflbata 
aUraeted iIk notice of torJ Mdboone, who 
c unfcf w J <m hia the loenlive afpoutaaent 
of dart of f he ordaaace on 19 Jane 18S4, and 
aboaBAdahiMahnkhtof Hanover. OnBPeh. 
Un^ OOhauK^fWfttad to the gorernorahip 
of Bermmta, be na%ned hi* aeat in partta- 
Meni. ('irrrimitapcaa,howeTer,aroiM wLkh 
|irmrnt(«l him fivm go'vap t'* Rt-rmodA, and 
on 7 J»\y IHll lie WM .;, 1 for the 

Klgiu biirf!h«,iindc'mtin II ^:{JuIt 

1K|7. At iheehtdttrtiiotbefollowinxmontb 
hf waa (lioplAoed, nor wu h<* tiiccessful wbeo 
ha onnt*»t*^i tlu» city of Aberdeen on 10 July 
18A2. To county matter* hf paid much at- 
tantinn, morr Mpwially to the af&ini of the 
eounty of Abf-nleen. Ilii moat interralinff 
and tiaeful book* vntiilM 'Thi! Cut«Uated 
ArcMtacture of AWrde^nahtre,' appeared in 
1 840. Tbrt work coosiita of lithographs of the 
principal )Hirr>ntal rcaidenoea in the county, 
nil from nk'ttchrs by himself: the Ictterprveit, 
whit'li t'"nlain)» a ip^st uniuunt of informa- 
tion, \jt!inf( aI»o from his pen. }ltt died nt 
Loilb Hall, Aberdeenshire, on 13 Oct.lH02. 
}IiR wife, whom he marriiHl in IHIB, wa« 
Mnry Mftr^nret, dnutfliter nf William Clark 
of lIiirktiUHl IlriuM*. iJevoniihire : she died 
on L'H Miiy \>*MK Uift cldi^t sou. Colonel 
Luith llav.C.B.,i8 wrdl known by bis B4.>r>'ice 
ill ihu (Vimuu niid India. 

[Timrt. I7<irt. 1862. |>. 7: Genu Mag. 1&63, i. 
1]2.13: JUenoftboTima, 1802, p. 371-J 

G. C. B. 

HAY, AnCIimALI) (/. 1543), writer, 
was n Hrnttish monk, domiciled nt the* Mons 
At'iitiiii/ I'ltriit. A roiir^iii iind ilc|H'ndent of 
(^iriliiiiil Il^'fthm, Im iMibll«li«d ' Ad . . . Ciir- 
dinnb'in I). llrtMim . . ., do firlii'i o^^'ceKsiniio 
digiiitalis Cardiiitditirr, vrritulutorius jxino- 
gy rJoua A. Ilnyl,' 4to, Pans, 1 540, lie wrote 



cnvcUed iaflw— ■jaiiil Auatria,! 
finched rnniaiiliMMli . In Deccal 
he ictmnd to the oat aa captnin i 
te Bart <DlBtl»and aerred dorinff Uie i 
the Oriincaa war, nerer having "*'''' J! 
from duty foraday. except when at 
cholera. He ivtnmed to England in ! 
way of fireece, Italy, and S» itxerland, 
did not afnun go on active M^nice. The i 
mainder of bis lif^ iras devmtwl Xn ornitl 
I'igv, a frience in whicii be had aln*ady ma 
his first steps in lK4o, when he ontTrhub 
to a Madras journal m^me descriptions of i 
birds from the Straits archipc-IsfTo. In 16 
\if. obtained hts colonelcy, nnd retired 
half-i«ay six years later. By the death of I 
brother George in ItecembfV \f4i-J he 1 
heir to the title and estat«it, but did not i 
the conrte*T eariddra, being known as 
count Woliien.* He (>ettled at Cbisltrhun 
where be built a house. K'rew ro&eA, and 
made successively fellow of the Koyal Socifll 
and of tbeLiunean Societv, and president j 
the Zoolopesl SfX'iety of l^ndon. In IC 
be succeeiit>d to the marquioate. At Ye 
he was a s:iurcc of much good tothr? tenanb 
and neighbourhood, providing them will 
medical olUcer at a fUed salary, ami foundii^ 
a library' and reading-room, bcsLdea giT_ 
aid to the schools. In December 18/8 
died at riiislehurst, after five days* illne 
He raftrri<'<l firnl, in iHfi", lUdene, dstlg' 
of Count Kitmnnn';;gv, TIannverinn mini] 
in I^cmdim; hIk* dind on 30 Sept. 1h7I ; 
secondly, in '\f*7-i, .1 uHu, daughter of Wil 
Stewart Muckenjiio of Seaforth. 

Tweeddale'a tini: character vnta (general! 
reco«iised. His I'flters to bis family dur" ' 
the Criuinan war hbow rhi> chetirful stoic 
of a gentleman, and intellipvnt interest inl 
profession. Some letters from him to Geo| 
Hobert Gray [q. v.], the soologist, in I8CH)| 



Hay 



»S3 



Hay 



in the British Museum (Kjr- MS. 234K, fF. ii29, 
itll ). Dr. Thom*on, hi.-* first mror, riays of 
hiA earlier Tt^m that * he w&» n*inarkabfe for 
shrowdneas of observat ion, diUjienct? in at iidy, 
and amiable dlspof^U ion. . . . Tboiijzh some- 
what shr and retiring to slmngiTFi, he wit.s 
verv un*eltisli and conBidcnilt'.* 

Thrj evidence on iiiilitsrv iitHtlprii wUicli 
he jruT*' before ii coiumillee of the rommons 
ill IH^9 contains bold aud cteiir statements, 
luid fuiifffests reforms of which several have 
been since adopted. 

Hay's ornithological works, which had ap- 
pean-d between 1H44 and 1879 us contribu- 
tioHM to the • Mftdms Joiimai of Literiiture 
and Science,' the* Proceedinps of theZooIogi- 
cul .Society.' the' Ibist/the 'Annual and Maga- 
zini^ of Natural History,' and tbii • Joumal 
of the Asiatic Socli'ly of Bengnl,' were col- 
lected af>erhi« death and ptibli.ohe{l privately 
in 1 vol. Ltnidou, lKSI,4to. the editor being 
hi.* iiRpbew. t'aptain R. E. Wardlaw Jtanisay. 
A memoir of thp author by I'r. W. II. Uus- 
eell was prelixed. 

[The memoir above mentioned.] II. G. K. 

HAT,LnKt)CIIAULESCr/.irf)0),soldiur, 
wftK third i»on of L'hnrles liny, third marrjuU 
of TweeddaJe.flndbrotbi^rofJohii May, fourth 
mnrquifi [t).v.1 He i.*: »tomctim«wde-Hcrib<Kl as 
honl rbarles Hay of Linpluiu, bRcuuse, on 
the dt-utb of his kinsman, hirJlobnrl Hay, in 
1751^ he succeeded to that gentleman's estate 
and territorial desiijrnaiion of Linplum. In 
1722he wasgozett«denRig'n, and in 1759 was 
preferred to a troop in the fttli reffiraent of 
dragoonfl. lie seemf* to have been pre>M'nt at 
the !*iege of (iibmlt-ar in 17:1^7. niiu lo have 
aer^'ed as a volunteer under I'rince Enj^ene 
dnring^ the prince's campaign in I7M4 on the 
K^biiie, in the war of the Poliab succession. In 
17-41 Hay was elected kniKht of the shire for 
laddinptnn, and two years later was given 
command of a coinj>auy i n the .'inl foot guards. 
As virtual, if not actual, lieutenant-colonel of 
the l»t foot guards he gained conspicuous dis- 
tinction at Fontenoy. On II May 1745 he 
ncxpectedly found himself^ on reaching the 
«t of a low bill, facn to face with the En>nch 
anla, who, though anticipating an engage- 
ment OS little as Hay, showed no ^i^n of 
'flinching or even of disorder. According to 
the Frencli account s, of which V'oltaire'i ia tJie 
best known, Lord Charles stepped from the 
ranks and, in ivspon§e to a similar movement 
promptly mode by the French commander, 
politely called tfl him to order his people to 
fir*', but in reply was assured, with equal 
politeness, that the French guards never fired 
hrst. According to the atxiry which he him- 
oelf sent in a letter to Uia brother tUree 



week:* later, his men came within t^vouty or 
thirty paces of the enemy, whereupon he ad- 
vanced in front of the regiment, drank to the 
health of the French, haate^:'■l them with 
more spirit I ban pungency on their defeat nl 
Dettingen, and then turned and called ou hi« 
own men to buzzab, which theydid. Which- 
ever be the corrucl versicm of liie occurrence, 
Hay unquestionably showed extraordinarj'' 
coolness. In the fightingtbal followed hewiia 
severely wounded; the 6rst publiohwl ac- 
countit of the battle placed his name in the list 
of the ktlle^l. In li I'J he was appointed one 
of the (ting's aidus-de-camp, in Ijo2 colonel 
of the 3Hnl regiment, and in 1757 (the first 
year of the seven years' war) major-general. 

Hay sut>soquently received a high com- 
mand in the force that was sent to Halifax in 
Nova Scotia underflenenilHop9on,to joint he 
expedition which wus gathering there, under 
ihe Earl of Loudoun, to attack the French. 
Loudoun's dilatoriness provoked Hay into ex- 
claiming — such, at any rate, was the charge 
against him — that ' t he general was keeping 
the courage of his raujeslyV troops ul hay, 
and expending the nations wealth in making 
shtim sieges and planting cabbagt-s when be 
ought to have biien fighting.' Thereupon a 
council of war ordereil him under arrest, and 
sent him bock to England. After consider- 
able delay he was \ ried before a court-mart ial , 
which sat from 12 Feb. to 4 .March I "(MX Dr. 
Johnson, who, at llav's instance. bud h4.'en in- 
troduced to him at this time, saw him often, 
was ' mightily*pleiised with his conversation, 
ami prouounceij the defence he had prepared 
*a very good soldierly defence.' The decision 
was not made public, the case being referred 
to the king; and liny died (I May 17*X)) be- 
fore fireorge II could make up his mind what 
course to take. 

fGeot. Mag. 1745 pp. 2*7. 251. 276, 1780 
p. 100 ; Douglas's I'ccntgfi of i>t:oiltuKl ; Ander- 
ftoa'fl Scottish Nation, iji. A86; CarlyU-'s Frede- 
rick, vi. 63. vii. 204 ; Ikwwoll's Johiuwn, m1. Dr. 
Birkbeck ilill, iil.8, ir.23; Walpola'stOnorge 11, 
ill. 26U ; Piirkumn's Violtm aadMontculm, i. 471, 
6ih «1.] J. H. 

HAY, DAVID RA3ISAY (I79a-1800). 
decorative artist and writer on art, was bom 
in Edinburgh in March I7U8. lUs mother, 
ReboccaCarmicLoeUa cultivated woman who 
in 1790 published a volume of * I'oems * in 
Edinburgh , was tell entirely destitute on the 
earlydeath of her husband. David IUmMv,a 
banker in Edinburgh, and proprietor of the 
'Edinburgh Evening Courant,' after whom 
the boy had be4>n named, saw that he r^ 
cetved some edui'alion, and placed him in a 
printing-office as a *reading-bov.* The occu- 
pation proved uncongenial, ajui Hay showed 



Hay 



*S4 



Hay 



an aptHiule for dnvint;, which led to hii 
apprenticrvhip in Lie fnurtecathTtfartoGavin 
Jteugo, s heraldic lod decantire pointer in 
Edtnburfrh. A feUow-appreaticef who be- 
cAni'! A liielnnc friend, was David Roberts. 
aJV^Twardfl RA. UardeToCadhii^nre time 
to the hiffher branches of art, and ecipeciallj 
to animal paintinf;. Some examples c^ hif 
work of this c-lnp<i, nnd mtme oil copies mtier 
Watteati, are #till in the poaMMion of hi* 
fnmilT. He now attracted the attfntion of 
Scott, for whom he paints! a portrait of a 
favcniriii! cat, and who recommended him to 
adopt ench a branch of decorative art a« 
hou«e-paiutin(r — 's department of obrious 
and direct utility, in which the mnss o( the 
pt-opleareconctTued* — nitherthiinthehi^rber 
WftlKflof the profession. Scott employed him 
in tbe decoration of Abbot«ford, along with 
lioorfre Nicholson, a partner whom Hay had 
joinnd. Tboy were aidod, we ar»t informe<l, 
by bin partne'r'a brntltpr, William Nicholson, 
iiherwards tb»? pdrtruit-MinttT and U.S.A. 
About 1HJ8 Hay starutl in buiiuess on hia 
f>wn account J first at 89 and afterwards at 
IH) i-it-org^ Strtwt, Edinburgh, where bo con- 
tiuaed for the rftst of his life lo practise a* a 
most gucccABful hoiiBe-decorator. Aranngbis 
m*tre important public works was the decorn- 
tinn of the ball of the Society of Art*, L*in- 
don, executed about 1846. Several nf the 
lendinj; boiise-<iccorator« in Kdinburf^b and 
GhiB(?ow were his ]iupils, and they founded 
inmcmory of their masttT*Tli»» Ninety Club,' 
nnmed from th'* number of his jilace of 
bufiinesf in (icorpe Stre«!t, a society which 
fttill holdft nn annual dinner. He published 
many elaborate worka on the theory and 
practice of the fine arts, most of them iMus- 
Irnteil by las own desig^n*; moved in the 
iiinsi cnUivntcdEdinhiirphwiciety ofliisday; 
and accumiilntt-d a Huh collection of pictures 
nnd other art objecls. He wa« a member of 
the Uoval Society of Kdinburph. before whom 
he read a ]iaper '<)n un Aiiplication of the 
Lawsof Numerical Harmonic Katio to Forms 
(Ti-nerally, and nnrticulorly to that of the 
]{uman Figure; and Professor Kelland con- 
tributed to the same society an * Kxp<Mition 
of the Vit'ws of I). R. Hay, Esq., on Sym- 
mntric I*roi>ortion/ for Iwlb of which we 
* l*roceedia(r8,' vol. ii. He was also a founder 
of the yKst betic Society, established in Kdin- 
burgb in 18ol, of which Profesaors Kelland, 
Ooodxir. and J. Y. Sinnwon, Ur. John Brown, 
E. 8. r>alla.H, and Sheritf (iordon were mom- 
berrt. (ItKnlrtir rrad before the society two 
papers 'On the Nattind Principh'S ofHenuty,' 
foun'h'd on Hoy's * iJefimotric Beauty of the 
Human Figure,' a work in which the iiuthnr 
had been considerably aided by the profes- 



aof^B anatamiiTal knowled^'e- In 1946 Hi 
reoHved from the Royal Scottish Society 
An* a ailrer medal * for his machine fo) 
drawinff the perfect ejfg-oval or «»mpt>«i(i 
elUpae«? Hedird in Edinburgh on lU.Seir' 
1866. Ilia portrait, asmaJl cabinet work! 
Sir Ueorge Harvey, P.R.S.A., u in the p<M 
■easion of the Royal ScottL«h Academv. ai 
I in 1807 a lar^ aeries of his * edoeation 
diagrams, illustntive of his theory of til 
beautiful and it< application to ar * ' 
«culpl lur, and art production inj 

{iresented to the Board of MannlL,. 
Cdinburgb, by bis familv and tru(ite«5. 

Hi« works arc: I. ''flie I-awn of Hay 
monious Colouring adapted to Houfie Paint 
ing.' \^'JS (six editions, the latei^t of which. 
|H47, is practically a new work). 2. *TLe 
Natural Principles and Annlogi- of the Hsn 
niony nf Korm^ 1S4± 3. * Proportion, or tbflfl 
(iciimetrie Principle of Beauty analysc<ij 
IHW. 4. Hhiginsl Geometrical Oiape'r D*« 
signs, aecompaniefl hy an attempt to develofl 
the lrui> Principles of Ornamental Design al 
applied to the Decorative Arlx,' 1H44. 0. ' aI 
Nomenchiiure of Colours, Hue*, Tints, antf 
Shades applicable lo the Arts and Xatur 
Sciences, 184.'» (2nd edition. I84ti). 6. *Th 
Principleaof Beauty in Colour systematixefUl 
1M5. 7. ' Kirst Principle* of SvmmctricaJQ 
Bi'aury,; lattj. 8. * On the Science of thoM 
Proportions by which the Human Head and 
Countenance ta re]iresented in works uf at 
cient (iivek Art are distinguished from thosa 
of ordinary Nature/ 1&49. i». 'TheCieoraetria 
Beauty of th»; Human Figim; defined : ta 
which 13 prefixed a System of .Esthetic Pn> 
portion applicable to Architecture nnd tha 
othr^r formative Arts/ 18.il. 10. 'A I^tt* 
to Patric Park, I'^j., R.S.A., in reply to bit 
Ohiiervationj* iiprm D. R. Hay's Theorj' of 
Proportion. \VithanApiM'ndi\?Ii*<51, HVA^ 
Lstter to the Council ot the Society of Arta 
on Elcmentar\- Education in the Art of De 
sign,' IH5l>. \± 'The Natural Principles 
Beauty as di>Tclopcd in the Human I'lgure,^ 
im± 13. 'The Orthographic Bejiuty of the 
Parthenon referred to a Law of Nature. Tq 
which is prefixed & few Obseriationii on i!ia 
importance of ..Esthetic Science as an Ele- 
ment in .Architectural Education/ 18A^i«| 
14. • The Harmonic Law of ? 
to Architect urnl Design/ IR 
Science of Beauty, an dereloped in Nature 
and applied iu Art/ lBo6. 

[Knight's EDgli«h Encyrlopwdia. Biography, 
vol. Jii. 1856; Lockhart's Lif« of Scott, vol. v, 
eh. lii. 1837; Prococdiog** of the Koynl Society 
of Kdinbtirpli, vo], ii.; Turner nnd I>insdj»lK'« , 
Anatomicjil Meniotre of John Ooodstr. JP63;. 
Hinutti Book of the Board of Mimufartoroe, ' 



I 




Hav 



»S5 



Hay 



^iiil<an|;h : Art PropntT in poPMnioaaf RaT«l 
Scocti>h ArodrTQ/. ISSS('pm« vlT-fBatadl; Cat. 
</ AdToeates' Ltbnirj. Ediabarijh ; BhUaaliac'fl 
Life of Z>>ind RoUr«, RjL, IMA; mOawmatkm 
faailjrsi»dp«i»ls.] J. 3C O. 



I Mftlli 



rn 



^ HAY, KD3ICND (A li»U SwuUh 
Jesuit, of tli>i {iuntlT of the Earl of Krrol, 
stiirliej iLeoI'^j.'T at Rome, and toot tbe dr- 
gree of bofbeliir in that faculty. lie rolun- 
toered to aorntzipanr to Scotland NirhoIa:3 
de GoTida. vbo was engagvd aa nuncio from 
Pius rV* in a srcref cmhimy to Mhry Qaeen 
of Scot* in 166i. Thi his retom to Rnme 
be joined the StwietT of Jeaoa, asd at the 
close of liu novici*Alup was appnjntM n-ctor 
of Clennont College in Paru. While Imldinp 
that oflice he waA ordrred by Pope Pius V 
in l.VIO or l.VtT to go to Scotland wiih the 
nuncio on another spticial mi-s^ion to tbt^ 
~" WD of Scots. The nuncio proceeded no 
_ ;rt4n'r thiin Pari?, wher*'. at Mnrr* urgent 
request, he remaineil till \hv times »hmiM 
becooidiDore tranquil : hut Hay penelraled 
to SftritUnd, and darin||r hU bripf stay there 
concib^J **?vfnil pereon?, inclndin;^ Francis 
ay, earl of Krrol, to tli»» rntholir church. 
h«e<|ut'ntlyht' wa.sapp^iinTe'lthufiriit rvctor 
(he academy at Pont-ii-Mous.*<m in Lor- 
ne. He was chosen by the French pn>- 
ce of tho Society of Jesus to attend the 
t meeting of delegalea held at Rome in 
^BtJtf. Afterwarda bis povemiMl that pn>- 
iC8. Finally he wa* n«iminati.fl n<!>«ijtnnt 
ir holh Germany and Franc« to Claudius 
lUiivira, the general of the Jesuits, and be 
d tliat post till hifi death iit Rome on 
Nov. 1591. lie is said to Iiave left a -work 
lided * Cont rarietaten Calvini.' 

[Burton'e RegiKter of the Pm-y Contcil of 
Soollnnd, ii. 3-31 : Cntbolic Miftcoflanj, is. 35; 
','» Church Hist. if. 134; Foley '«' R«cord», 
5i. 34 7 ; LaJth's Xarratir** of Sooi t i-<h C«t holicn, 
, . r.4. «.>, tiC, m. 72, 78, 1 15. 198. 2O0 ; ivic- 
chini'it lltxtoriaB Soc Jmu, iii. 1*27; Soutliwcirs 
ItiLI, S.-nt>tnmni .Soc. Jmn, p. 1S\; Stolhcrt'^ 
Oiitholic HivsioQ in SeotUnd. p. 564; T.inner'* 
Bibl. Brit. p. 387] T. 0. 

HAT, EDWARD fl76lP-1826). hi»to- 
ri'>j:mplier, naeiiiber of a respectable catholic 
fnmilv nf Wexford, -w-a-i l)->rn ut I{iillinl4»*ele 
in thnt cnnniy ub.iut Kill. He ^turlil■il in 
Fmrc" HMfl (iermnny, antl returning- to In*- 
iid lof.ik part in (he puhlir mnvemenls for 
"ivtinpf n relasntionof tliepHnal lnw-«n;fiiin«( 
lholic«. In 17111 he wns apimtnred by the 
M'exfnrd catholics to act as a member of the 
commttte*' whose exertions led to the Catho- 
lic K*'lief Bill. Hay cndeiiToured at this 
period lo suppress the disturlianccjt in Wex- 
ford and to restore peace in the county, and 




wms one fli' t be deWgvres wIa, on behttlfuT th<» 
triAh ratbolics, prea e nted an addpHs to Lord 
Fitrvilliam. and laid a petition brfoc o ' 
f^rar^ III at LAudnn in Kd.*). EdmiUHl 
Burke in a letlir in that vrar n ' ' Llaa 
as ft * xpalonft, rpirited. and art i ^ . a' 

Hay Um devued * pro^t for ■:<:(! nine n 
statisiical enantentioit of the pop«il8tifin of 
Ireland. iitaplann^eiTed theooBunendation 
of Lord Htjnrilliun and Iturke, «• -veil as 
of Bishop Milno'. but wa.-« not carried ooT. 
Partner the cnmmotton; in We.\ford in ITW 
Hay exerte^I hims^rlf in the canve of huma- 
nity. He ws^. however, arraigned on a 
char^ of trea.4on. and, alth'Mi^h act^uitted, 
sufferwl protracted impri«mment till he oIk 
lained hi-^liberaiinn ihri'Uiih the interfirenr* 
of I.,oTd Comwallis. In 1^1 he pnbliiihed 
at Dublin * Hi^niy of the Insarrvrtifmof the 
County of Wexford, A.D. 179S, iiicludinjr «t> 
Account nfTranMctionspn>c«linff that event, 
with an ,\ppendix.'8ro; reprinted at PubUa 
in 1M2. To it he appended statements in ' 
cnntravfiitinn of alkvatiuns made airatnst 
him by Sir Richanl Mus^rmve in hi« Uxik on 
In^land. Hay pubsw^uently acte^l m ^tre- 
tary to various aAwtci«tioii.i for the emanct- 
pation of the Irish cathoticA. He wa»s*ime- 
what unjustly superseded m wvn-tarv to tho 
catholic boartl in 1819, nominally for havin^r 
without tuthorify opened cominunicntinn 
with a cabinet minister. In his latter ye«r» 
he wn« Ttvlticed tn p<'n«ry. sulVensJ imprison- 
ment for f\f\i\, nn'i di«l in vety necessitous 
circuinslnnces at Itiiblin in l**:?fl. An eii- 
j(m\'ed portrait of Hay was twice published 
at Dublin. 

[TninsartiaDs of the Royal Irish Amdamy, 
Dublin. l~9<i: Milncr's Inquirv inUi t>rtnni 
Vulgar '^'piliion«, I80H; <'orot*r'"'"li-nci! «if Ed- 
mond Biirka, \84i ; Mnd'ten's l.'T)iteil Inshnien, 
1860: Correspondeantoflianiel U'CoaiwU, I^n- 
don, 188S.] J. T. O. 

HAY, FIl-VNCIS, ninth F.ahl of Kwtot. 
{li. Itl31),wafi second son of Atutrew, ri^'hth 
enrl, by bin wife Lady Jean Hny, onlv sur- 
viving child of William, sixth enrl. lie was 
thus, after the death of hi« Itrother, ihu 
nearest heir, both in the nmle snd ft-mab' 
line. He 9ncc»»eded to the earldom in 15^%. 
llnvinjf l»een converted to eath<'lici.'m bv 
Fftth*'r KdiniMid Hay [q, v.], he iH-camt* 
the chief associate of Huntly [»t»e fJoRiMix, 
GicoKtiK. 15fl:*-l<(3ti' in his eiideavouw to n-- 
establish the old reli>non. After tho defeat 
of the Spanish .\nnaila he secntuletl Himtly 
ill his attempts to induce lhi< Spanish king 
to undertake a BHcond e]i|>e(liiioit. A letter 
from KnMl to the Duke of Purma asserting 
his loyally to the S]>aniali king was inter- 




Hav 



258 



Hay 



GPpted in Entrlnnd. and m-nt by Klunlwtli 
to Jiinif'S oil 17 Feb. 1688-9 (print4?0 in 
Calderwotid, v. 18». On thp 29tb he wsa 
«(iramonetl to appear before tbe council 
witbin eipht days, under pain of rebellion, 
to answer ajrninst tbc ' alle^it practice tead- 
ine to tbt subversion of the trew religion* 
< Jitij. I', a Scoti. iv. 301 ). Un U March the 
ifjng went out huntlnv with Uuntly, and 
they met Errol in the fields. Uuntlr urjied 
thekinfr to ^ with him and Emd. The kin^ 
refuApfl, and wanied Ihf^m a<,;ftin«t entering 
into futile ronKpirttcicstC'Ai.DERWooD, v. 37). 
As Errol failed 10 tipptior bt'fore ttu; c^uuncil 
to answer the ehar^^e a^tmut him, the U>rds 
on 31 March denounced him as a rebel ( lirt/. 
P. C. 'Sroti. iv. a07>. Ou the 3l'ud, pri> 
bably before news had reached him of the 

iirfNrlamation, he wrote a letter to Rolx-rt 
iruce, one of the ministen of Edinhurg^b, 
aasertin^ that he had been maliciously ac- 
cused by the chancellor. Mail land, and denied 
that he had ever ue^decled his duty to the 
kirk or * travpned an ie wise against the re- 
lipiori ' (CaI-DERWOOD, v. 54). 

Notwithstanding \]i-i>e proffssiona Errol 
was busy cipneertiii((with Iluntlyand David 
Lindsay, earl of Crawford, a rising in the 
north o'f Scot land. On 7 April lft8i> his offi- 
cers of arms and the keepers of the castles 
of Slains and IjOo-ienlninnd were ordered to 
deliver them up within i<tx hours under pain 
of treason ( Rty. P. C. Sct,tl. iv. 373}. Errol 
himself had gone to join Hunlly and (.'mvr- 
ford in ttw north, and on -the 9th the ktnp 
went to Linlithpow to await tlm muf;ter of 
the forces orflered for thp supproAsion of the 
rebellion. When the kinjr liad arrived at 
Cowie, near Aberdt-en, the rebel lords marched 
out of tbe city to the Bridge of llee, accom- 
panied hy three thousand men. The lords 
had g-iven nut that their aim was (o set at 
lilierty the kinp, who was ' held captive and 
forced against bin mind;' but the presence 
of the king^ against them jfave the lie to this 
, ■tatement ,and althoufrh the royal forces num- 
• 1)ered only one thousand the rebels' followers 
were afraid to attack. In such circumstances 
Jlnntlv could not risk a battle, although Erml 
* would havRfnuffhten' ((^'aldekwood, v. 55). 
They thiTff>>re disjn>rsed theirforce!i,maQyof 
"whom bad already deserted. Iluntly surren- 
dered while the kinj; was still in the north, 
«nd Crawford fTRve himself up at 1'jlinburgh 
on 2(.l May. Errol remained at larg» until 
the king^'a second visit to the north in July; 
but. when liie king wfl.« on tho point of re- 
turning south, he and other rebels came into 
tin? kinff, and were 'received in favour upon 
composition '(lA. p. 59). By an act of council, 
dated Aberdeen, 4 Aug., liberty was granted 



him t() * mell and intromett 'with such of] 
(fiKKls a« were extant {Itfri. P. C iSroti. 
400). On irSept. Iu8» he and Iluntly mi 
a bond to keep sure and infallible attt-cti'] 
goodwill, and friendship to each other, aiiii 
to assist and defend one another a^^ainst . ' 
other penwns.the kin^only exc\-pted('Er 
PajMirs ' in Spaiding C'lnh .i/iVr//affy,ii. '21 

Errul etill remaitit.-<i ixifiarttnl disiip^ce, fix 
when the king in 16!Kt learned that a 
riage treaty was in contemplation betwee 
him and a daughter of William Dough 
earl of Jfortxm, he inhibitiHl it nn the groun 
of Ilia rebellion and the fact tluit he wa.^ no 
reconciled to the church. The marriage wi 
nevertheless celebrated, and the Earl of Mop 
ton bad to aoswerto thecounoilforliis'con 
temptuou^ proceedinsr' {Rrfj. P. ('. Scotl. ir 
5<K1). Ou 22 June inni Errol, Morton, and 
other nobles dined nl Leilh with Bothwel 
see HEPBfRS. Fr.ixcis Stewart, fifth earf] 
in ceU'brntion of llie lalterV eicwpe fron 
Edinburgh (-astle ( MoTslE, n. >>H). Errol wa 
pref»ent with the king in Falkland Palace OL 
27 June when Bothuell made his ntlvrnpt tfl 
capture it, and being siL«|jecItHi of enmplieit 
was committed to the castle of Edinburgh 
( Jliitf. ri/Jamet the Se.rt, p. 250 ; Caldkrwoo l 
^ r. 168). lie soon obtained his release, hut 
, in r>ecemher 1592 again fell under suspicion 
thnnigli tbe sul)9enpitQn of his name to Iw 
of the famous * Spanish I'lanka ' which wer 
I mppo«e<^l to he a portion of the instruments ' 
j of coDspiracy in connection with a contem- 
plated secimd Spanish expedition for the rv-j 
storatinn of tho catholic faith (it^ Calces 
wooD,v.222-3r). He waaordcradinto wa 
but retired to hid e3tat«a, and on 6 Feb^ 
1592-3 was denounced a rebel (Ufff. P. 
Scott. \.i2). On 9 March tho Earl Martachali 
was appointed his maj(*sty's commissioner to' 
apprehend him (I'A. p. 49). The kinir advanced 
to Aberdeen in jienion, but Enril retired to 
the far north, and the expedition was with* ' 
out re.tult. The king was evidently loth taj 
proceed toextremities. Af^er his return Errol] 
and hisfellow-rtrbelswere.on 111 March lo92-| 
1593, relaxed from the hum (I'A. v. 63) and 
summoned to nppi-ar before parliament on 
2 June 1593. When the parliament met tbej 
were not forfaulted, offers having been mads j 
in their name to salisfy (he king and kirk. ( 
The leniency wae displeasing to tin' kirk, and I 
bv an act passed by the proviiuMal synod 0^' 
I^ife ott 25 Sept. they were e.xcommunicated 
(Caldebwogd. V. 263"). On 12 Oct. the king, 
whileou biswayfrom Edinburgh to tho bor- 
ders to repress irregularities, wa-t intercepted 
at Faltt by the rebel lords, who suddenly ap- 
peart^d and craved his pardon illyif .of James 
the Sext^ p. 283 ; Caldbrwood, v. 270). Uo ; 



Hay 



aS7 



Hay 




E 

an 

m 

WI 

OKI 



ftdrised Uiem tn clear themselves at a trial. 
Thoj went tn [>Blkt>itli, anil sent wont that ! 
ihey wereri'iidytohetriwlat Pfrtlmn :i4 Orl. i 
Th»» clerg^y in Kdinbiirt^h ant] tlieirsiipportifra I 
seut A (le|)Ut(itioi) to tUit king ut JeilbitivU to \ 
crnvc that the trial should b*» strictlv leg-nl. | 
and that meanwhile the earU should be com- i 
loittfd to prison (Petition, printed in Hitt. 
nf Jatne* the Sttrl, pp. 284-0). The king bj 
way t>f compromUe entrii*tt^ tlip trial to a 
convention of eatatca to be hold at I jnlilhgo^** 
after his return from the borders. The chjrg^y 
resolved to summon an armed gatherintf to 
see ju.i|iet.' enforcetl, but were prohibited by 
a proclamaliim of the council. The con- 
^eniion waa held on 27 Oct. lolW, but the 
king, deeming the arrangi'm^nl incon\vni''nt, 
luuued, with consent of the estates, onticial 
(Mimmissionera for the trial to meet at Kdin- 
burgh on 12 Nov. (Jiff/. i». C. Scotl. x. 104). 
ThoK aumrooncd failed, however, to appear, ; 
mod at a convention held on tlio IDrli others , 
ere chosen, who on the i6t h passed an ' Act 
^ AIx»lition,'(^inting full pardon to the ac- 
wd on condition that they did not repeat ' 
icir offences. They were to have the option ' 
'nmaining in this cuiratry as true prot«»- 
tiflCl or going into cxtl>-: the earU were also 
reqtiired to giv^ wcurity in 4*K)/. each; and 
Errol was ordered to remove from tlu* realm 
Uie Jesuit William Ogilvyd'ft.T. 108|. Their 
■"^loice belwoeu exile and iirote-stantiifm wa.< 
be made by I Jan. l.'>0:j-4. They failed 
arrive at a decision within the specified 
ime, and an act was passed on 18 Jan. de- 
'aring that they had 'tint all benefit and 
vour granted to them by the Act uf .Vboli- 
\on' (Acta Par/, ficot. i'v. 5:i-3). On the 
ilflt Errol was onlered to enter into wanl in 
tlieCAStleof Edinburgh within ten days (licff. 
P. C. C. Scotl. V. UiO), and failing to do so 
he was deehired to be a traitor, sentence of 
forfeiture being aUo pasftod upon him by the 
imbw(|uent parliament. 

Erml now jnincd Fluntlv in .\b*Tdeenshire 
ith a fonuidable fnrw. The anthoritiPS of 
benieen on Hi July lo94 aoized the crew 
if a Spanish ship, from which Jame.s Cordon, 
an uncle of Iluntly, and some other Jesuits 
had didcmbnrktM]. llnntty and Enrol thri^a- 
nml to bum the towTi unle*« the prisoners 
re r^deased. The re«iuest was complied 
with(MnT8iE, p. 118). The king sent a force 
ttKiiin-^t them nnderthecommandof the young 
" rl of Argyll, but on 4 Oct. it was, after 
severe mruggle, completely defeated by 
untlj and Emd. The Iom on both siil»s 
heavy, and Errol himself waa wounded 
by an arrow in the leg, and was otherwise 
severely injured (I'A. p. 120; {'alderwoop, 
34S^). On t'jc arrival of the king in 

TOL. XXV. 




the north Huntlyand Errol kept themselves 
quiet, *and no intelligence woa to Iw had of 
them.' Slains C«stle, the wat of Errol, was 
demolished in the presence of the king, but 
no si>ecial etfort woa made to pursue him. 
The king returned ftouth on 9 Nov., leaving 
the Dukt! of Lennox aa his lieutenant to kc«p 
the catholic carls in check. On Leuuox'sper- 
suasion Iluntly and Errol left the countr>% 
their lands being given to the duke ' by way 
of factorie/ but their wives being made ' in- 
trometters therewith ' (j'6. v. 357). In the 
following January Scot of Balwearie revealed 
the signature in the previous August of a 
bond between the northemcarlsfor the impri- 
sonment ofihtf kingand tliecorLmationortho 
young prince. The revelation did not inju- 
riously affect Errol's relations with the king. 
On 20 March lr»94-5 a proclamation was 
issued to mariners and skippers against bring- 
mg the earls or any of their adherents back 
(lifff. P. C. ik^jti. V. 217). Rumours of hia 
conspiracies abroad caused Emil to be ar- 
rested by the States of Zealand, and det-ained 
a captive in Mtddelburg {Cnl. Shtte Paptrg 
rfflatvtg toSooflnnd, p. 713). Sulwequently 
he wag aurr*'ndered to Robert Paniidstoiin, 
the Scottish king's eon.*Hrvator in the T-ow 
C^mntrii'ji, who permitted his e.scai>e (Hrff. 
P. C. Scot/, v. 3li5). He returned home 
secretly in September 1596, and on 22 Nov. 
u dwlaration was issued by the council to tho 
effect that heondothers had returned without 
tho king's leave, and w/iminglhem that unli^tti* 
they satisfied tho kirk the Iting intended to 
take tho field against them in person {i/t. 
pp. 329-31). On the :K)th David Black, 
minister of St. Andrews, was summone<t for 
asserting that they had returned with tho 
king's consent. The king was ch-arly anxioiw 
to be on pood terms with the i^rls, and was 
specially desirous to bring about a recon- 
ciliation between them and the kirk. On 
the king's representations the assembly ul- 
timately agreed to release Errol and other 
carls fntm excommunication, on condition 
of their abjuring popery and suliscribing thfl 
confes.*ion of fattli. With the-Sfl conditions 
Krrol (see his answers to tho articles in 
Caldebwood, v. 6.*J5) complied, and absolu- 
tion was granted him on 20 June lu97. In 
the beginning of August he and his friends 
were also relaxed from the horn at the cross 
of Edinburgh, and at the parliament held in 
the following I>ecember tliey weiw formally 
restored to their cstjites and dignities. 

Krrol enjoved fur some years afterwards 
much of the icing's confidence. On 30 Oct. 
1601 a commission of justiciary was given 
him against Gordon of Oicht and the rvbcia 
who luid adhcrod to him {Rr^.P, C\ SntU 



Hay 



»58 



Hay 



Ti. 298). NevertLfleM lie and otben for- 
merly known a3 |Ki|iiBh earU were stiU held 
in ctTong cuflpicion by the kirk. In May of 
this year deputies wero nppointtHl by the as- 
sembly to Wftit upon them fur half li year to 
conlirm them in the truth. TLedt-putieswho 
waitctl on Krr*^! reported satiafaclorily (Cai^ 
DRUWooD. v'l. 162), but it waa de^DiLKl I»e8t 
to continue thera in attendance on him itf>. p. ! 
ItJC). At ibi? pnrlinmf nt whicli met ut IVrth 
on 3 July KiO- he wut nppointe-d » cooimis- 
fiioner to treut of the union with EnffUnd. 
A fewyeant aften^urdd he* b^an to maniffst 
1uke\V8rinnc3s in bi» relations with thu kirk, 
and till? absence of thu king in Kngloiid al- 
lowed the kirk party («• fxerciso affre^t iuflu* 
eitceon the council. In February 1606 a Bum- 
nion5 was i*sued a|:[ainjt him for baring ab- 
••ent'jd himself troni the C(immiinion, thereby 
int^itrrinjjapennll V of 1,0(10/. (/^«/. /*. (*. diro//. 
viii.tt;!). On^l ^fay he was nrdcr»*«lio he con- 
fined within the city of Perth 'for the better 
resolution * nf his doubtA lib. p. ^i). At. the 
assembly of the kirk held at Linlith^w in 
July he waa ranked aiDong the ' profeased ' 
catholics, and os one of the 'head of the 
parly ' (Caldebwood, vi. 752). Shortly after- 
wtinls the ' brethren of the Pn'»bytery t>f 
Perth' appointed to confer with him reported 
him to bo a 'more oU'tinat^ and otiilured* 
papist than ho wu8 before his so-<sl]cd con- 
Tersion. It wa« therefore ordained Ihiit he 
should bo excommunicated before IS Sc-pt. 
unless lie recanted. On 2U Aug. he wait, on 
bis own petition, transferred from Perth, on 
account of a viititation of the plague, to Krrol 
(Bf^. P- C. Scctl. viii. lo9). t_ln i<«ntenceof 
excommunication btting p&Aseil ajh^iiriAt htm 
he WB5 removed to permanent imprisonment 
in the castle of Dumbarton {tb. p. 17(1). On 
1 1 March 1609 a decree was is6ued urdainioff 
him to lose his life-rent and to be put to the 
horn (lA. p. 202). In ItilO Humly and Errol 
made overtures to have their caaes recon- 
fiidered. A meeting to consider ErroPft case 
was held within the castle of Edinburfi^h, at 
which he a^piin profea.*ed confonnity to pro- 
testantiBSD, but, according to I^potij»wood, he 
the same night 'fell in such a trouble of 
mind as ho went near to have killed himself.* 
On withdrawing hi.* reonntalion he was de- 
tained in the ca-^tle of hMinburuli tdl the end 
of May of the following year, when, although 
still under the Ijan of excommunication, he 
wasset at, liberty(C\Lt)EKWooD,vii. \W). In 
1617 he was abs^ihed from excommunication 
' upon some uflers given in of him to some 
bishops oimvened at Perth ' (ib. p. 244). 

Errol died on Itl July ItiSl at hU hoiwe of 
Bownea, which he bud erected on the desiruc- 
CioQ of the ancient castle of Slains. lie was 



buried without cere uinny within t bcchurch ' 
SluiiBbjtorchli;;hi. and left tnHtructiotisthalJ 
the money which might have otheru'i»e been] 
expended on his funeral should lie giv^n ta 
the poor. Spalding dewrihe^ him ofi ' anal 
trewlie noble man of ane gryt and coungi- , 
ous spirit, who bad gryl trullle* in hi« tyme,J 
whiche he stoutlyand honorably Mill careic,| 
and now deit in peace and favour with Oodl 
and man ' {Mrmnrinit* t^ the Tntbtee, I. 2b} 
In his lifetime a tliKpute arose between hlml 
and the Earl Mari]M:hal n'garding the pri* 
vileges of the high con»table. an hereditatyJ 
ollice in the Errul aud Mari!w:hal families*^ 
Though the dispute began as early as I(I06j 
the cummis-siituers appointed to consider th«| 
matter did not report till 27 July 1631, tc 
daVft after the death of the ninth earl. Di» 
cushion as to the privilegt-a of the high em 
stable continued for another century {t 
documenti« on the constabulary in * £r 
Papers,' MuTfittmy of apiijiiinff (Vf*6, ii. 211- 
2oU). Errol was thrr-e limes mnrrieii. By hifl 
first two wives, dsugliters respi^tively of thd 
Earlof AthoU and the regent Murray, h»» had 
no issue ; but by his third wife, I^dy Eliza-- 
beth rtouglas, danghter of the Eiarl ofMorton J 
he had tliree aons and eight daughters. Hi 
was succeeded in the earldom by bU eld 
Hon William. 

[Krrril Papers in SpiiMingClub MisoellanT. voti 
ii. ; lliftt, of Janies (he Scxt (B«nnatyne CLab)j{ 
Mo\'sie'8 Memoirs (D&nnnlviit- Ctub) ; i^jr Jam* 
MelvtUe'fi >I«nioirs (DHnnnlyne Club); Coldoc 
vood's Hist-, of Kirk of .Scotl. ; i^paldinga Ms 
roonullfl (Spalding Club) ; fCagister of the PriT 
Council of ScolL, eBpocialiy vols, v-viii. ; f> 
Stat« Papers, Scot. Sor. ; t^^aL Suto Pupcr^. Doajl 
Ssr., Reign of James; Douglns'* Scottish Pcenu 
(Wood), i. 649-55.] T. t\ H. 

HAT. GEORGE (rf. 1588), Scottish COB 

trovensialist, second aon of Dugald llay of 
Linplum, was ]iarson l»olh of Eddlestone 
and of Rathven (iwmetimee confounded witii 
Rulhveu), Aberdeenshire, holding the two 
benefices by disiien>uition from the pope. He 
cooforroed at the Reformation, but continued 
to hold both charges. As ivimmissioner fa 
the diocese of Aberdeen and hantf. he alon^ 
with other ministers, at the meeting held ii 
the house of James MHiill in lotil.Kiipportt! ' 
the proposal to depn'Tethe queen of iho ma 
(Kxox, ii. 291 ). In lo62 he was appoints 
bv the asdvmbly to preach in the unplantod' 
kirks of Carrick and Cunningham, Knnx 
pnNicbtng in the adjoining diMrict of Kyle 
and perta of Galloway, the n>sult of their joint 
labours being the subscription on 4 Sept. by 
many of the principal gentry and burgvssee of 
tlie diftrict^ to a band at .-Vvr to uphold t4ia 
, Reformation (ii6. p. ^4d). knox states that 



Hay 



»59 



Hay 




^hen shortly afterwards the Abbot of Cross- 

Liel presented hiinsvlf in Mnybole to die- 

~pute Buout the maiMi, the * voice of Mnister 

George llaywot^ffrnyed him that cftei^onwhe 
rearywl of that exercise *(i'6. p. ii'}2). Htiy 

published the substanc*^ of hi^ discourtD'H aji 

■The Cditfiitation of the AhhfJie of Croaa- 
ftgucll'd Masso set forth by Maister George 
*ay> 15tj;i.' lie seems for some time to have 
eld some official position resembling that 
" chaplain in connection with povernment 

<wreinoiiialB. In n minute of the (general aa- 

Iseuibly, 30 Dec. 15(i;l, he is styled ' Minister 
feo the Privy C'ouneiJ ' {/iuik o/ the Unir^r- 
Ib/ Kirk, i. A'l), and by the ' courtier' party 
IGeorpe Hay, then called the ministerof the 
bourt, WHS sent to the assembly of l.'j<t4 to 
require • the 8U|)eriiitendents and sum of the 
learned ministers toconfcr with them '(Ksox, 
bkL433). The Earl of Morton requeAted him 
^^Pk the conference to reason uj^ainst Knox in 
^^^vj^rJ lo tlic obedience due to muffistrates. 
Maitland of Letbintftoii, the secretary, re- 
marUed, upon his declining to do so, ' JN(arT,e, 
ye nr the wmhM worst of the Iwa ; for I re- 
roember Weill your reiwonynjj whan theQueuo 
wes in Caryke * (I'ft. ii. 43o). Hay took a pro- 
minent part in the dlACiuiHloiui of succeeding 
jusemblies, and was a member of the princi- 

Eal committeft* and commissions. In IM? 
e obtained the third of the stipend of both 
poraonages on condition tb&t he caused his 
cbnrf^ where he did not reside to be suffi- 
ciently served and charged no further sti- 
pend. In lfi68,nn t'omplaint that he neither 
preached nor administered the SHcramenls 
in the p«ri>ih of Kddlestonw, he was sharply 
rebuked. Though not always appnpped by 
thechuroh court*, he was ono Miircb \Tui)~\ 
elected moderator of the fts?<^mbly. In l^'irti 
he publiBhed a book against Tyrie the Jesuit, 
which a committee of (he assembly was di- ' 
reeled to revise (Galdekwooh, iii. 363). In 
the fttllowing year he was apjKiinted one of 
llieilepulie? lo the general council at Magde- 
bui^ tor ej^tablishing the Augsburg confi^s- 
*iion. On !^5 Jan. lo7H ho was appolnti^l one 
of the vlaitont of the college of AlwrJeen. 
lie died in 1(^^. He had a brother, William 
Tiny of Kddil«toun. from whom the family of 
l^-ilh liny of Itannes is descended. 

fKn*ix'» Vi'orbs; CuUlcrwrxxl's Ili^t. of the 
JCirk «>r Si^tluml ; Mt'lvilli''« Aiit'ibiognipliv ; 
AVodrow's.MiM!ellinie«: IlewScotL's* Fasti Kcclvs. 
Scot, i. 239-40, iii. C77-8.] T. V. H. 

HAY, Sin <;E(>UnF:,fir«t F.Ani, op Kix- 
5oir!,L {\U':'2-\iV.\\), lord chancellor of Scot- 
land, descended from a younger branch of the 
family of William de Haya, ancestor of the 
_Karlft of Lrrol. fourth aon of Sir IVter Hay 
Megginch {d. 1*396), was born in 157^. 




About 1590 he was sent to the Scota Oollegu 
nt Douar. where he studied under his uncle 
Hdmund Hay [rj. v.] * the je«uit.' Not long- 
after lii-H return to Scotland in 1596, he was 
appointed a gentleman of the bedchamlier. 
On IS Feb. 1598 he received tho commfndatn 
of the Cbarterhoiue of Perth with a wat in 
parliament, and also the ecclesiastical lands 
of F.rrol. On the ground, however, that the 
rents of these lands were too small to 8UpiK>rt 
t he dignil y of a lortl of parliament, ho resigned 
hji* Beat, On the death of the Elarl of Gowxie 
at Perth, 5 Aug. I fi(K), he received the lands of 
Nethercliffout of hifi forfeited estates. In July 
lOOi'i ho was appoint*Ml ulong with tliree other 
commissioners to repress out rages in Lewis 
(Ti-y. P. C. Si^ott. vii. 8d),caused hy jealousy 
of traders from the lowlandH. Proceeding 
there in August, they succeeded in compelling 
the unrulypersons'to remove furth of the isle, 
and give security not to return,' but the effect 
of the visit was only temponiry, for the old 
settlers soon returned, and compelled the new 
settlers to resign their claim.s (or small sums 
of money. Some lime in UKX* Hay received 
the honour of knighthon<^l, bis name appear- 
ing as Sir Ooorgi^ Hay in on action against 
Patrick Douglas of Kilspmdie on .'J Aug. 
of that year(iV/. viii. a39). On 24 Dec. of 
the following year he received from the king 
a patent for the manufact ure of iron and glass 
in Scotland. A proclamation was made on 
Ifl.May UII3 against anyofhi.s mDJeety'sliegea 
transporting out of the kingdom any iron 
ore in prejudice of Sir George Hay's works 
(Balfovu, Annals, ii. 42). On 20 March 
iCilO he was made clerk-register and an or- 
dinary lord of session. ITay is raentiuned 
by Oalderwood as one of three who, on the 
occasion of the meetingof parliament in May 
1(317, nu.'civcd the communion in the chapet 
of Holyrood after the English form, 'not 
regarding either Cbrisls instituliim or the 
ordour of our kirk' (//m/. vii. 247), and ho 
was also (me of thane who voted for the five 
art ides of Perth establishing n modified cere- 
monial (I'A. p. 4il©). In July Wl'i he was 
made lord high chancel lor of Scotland. AMien 
('buries 1, in Juno 1020. sent down twelve or- 
licU'fi to the lords of sossiim to regulate thr-ir 
duties, Ilav and ot h'-rs so firmly opposed them 
that they became entirely inoperative (H&L> 
vnvVL, Attnalu, ii. KIH). Hay also steadfastly 
resisted the command of the king, made on 
12JuIynf thi«year,lhntlbe ArchbisbonofSt. 
Andrews slutnld have precedency of the lord 
chnncellor. On 4 M^y 1627 he was created 
Vis<count of Dupplin and Lord Uay of Kin- 
fuuns and on the occasion of the king's coriK 
milinu in Scotland In* was, on 2*> May IffiW, 
created Earl of Kinnoull by patent to liim 

62 



and hia hetn male. Sir Janes tUl^ir t^- 
Utea XhMt wh^n t4i the day of hU eoronalion 
tbeking »ent the Arcbhubop of Sl AodnTS 
u LjOD king-at-a-nzui to Kinnoult to intiuiate 
hu pleware that fur liiat day ooly ht ihoold 
give [itace to the arcbbuhoii. of whom he 
cUudmI jincvdency aa chancellor, KinO'^un 
Tabemoutljr declined to obey. The king did ! 
not pRM hia point. ' I will not mrHldle 
fiuthtfr/ be added, ' with that aid caokened 
gootishe iDan,al whose band there u nothing , 
to be gaio^l hut sour words ' (BALFurn, ii. > 
1-13). Kinnonll dif*d in Ijondon nf apnplcxj , 
oo 16 Dec oft ho following Toar. JIi«l»odywa« 
^ym^f^lmn^^ and brought \o Kinuoii]!, where, 
on 10 Aug. 1635, it waa interred in the nave ' 
of St. Constantine's Church. Here a life-size 
fitatue has been erected to hi« niiiDor>*, re- 

{ireaenttng him in hi* robea aa lord clionrel- 
or of Scotland. He a commenmrated in a 
Latin eptiapb bv Arthur Johnston. Bv his 
wife Marnret, daughtej* of Sir James llaly- , 
burton of Pltcur, be had two aona, Sir Feler 
Hay , wbopredeceaaed h im, and Gooijge, aeoood 
earl of KinnouU. , 

[R«girtcr Priry Council ScoiUnd ; Calder | 
wOK>d'»llt*i. Charch of S^tlaad; ."^ir Jamps BhI- 
four'a Autinltt; DoogUs's ticott sh I'eerrfge, ed. 
Wood. li. 45-7.] T. F. II. i 

HAY, GEORGE, seventh Earl of Ki5- 
3ion.r. {d. 17oS), was eldest a-m of Thomaa 
IlayjUixth earl of KinnouU. ^^^lile Lord Dup- [ 
plin he was eli-ttwl M.P, for Fowpy, Com- ; 
wall, in 1710, and wa« in the following year 
appointed one nf the tellers of t he exchequer. ^ 
On 31 Dec. 1711 he waa cri>ate<l a peer of 
Great Britain, with the title of lUron Kay 
of Pedwardinc, ITereford*hirp, being one of ^ 
t weh'e peers Bi>fcittHy created bv the tory ad- 
minintrntiunof llarley andSt./obn to secure , 
a majorily in the llou^e of L.ordn on the que6- ' 
lion of the Utrecht treaty. Onil 8ept. 171o, ] 
when the Jacobite reb<^llion broke out in t^ot- 
land, be wns RUi^iKH-'ted of favouring the Pre- 
tender, and was pliwinl under arrewt, in Lon- 
don, with IhK Kurl of Jersey and !x>rd I^iis- 
downe.but on 24 Jan. following wasliberated 
on bail. He succeeded his fatner aa seventh 
EbtI of Kinnoull in 1719. In 1722 wit- 
neaaes declared that Kinnoull wbj prirr to 
the conapiracy of llichard La^er [q. v.], but 
a motion to examine the witnessea in Uie 
House of Lords was negatived. Kinnoull 
voted in, favour of the motion. On 27 Feb. 
1724 he waa served heir to his father in the 
lands and barony of Keillor, including Il^stera 
and We«tem Keillars, Strathevan. and Tul- 
clian in Perlhsbirp. On 21 Nov. 1729 he was 
served heir tu liis cousin James, viscount 
SlratboIIun, as heir of line special in the 



barony of Cardeny, chieflr in PcrlhabirtiJ 
Balfiun, StirlingahL^e, and Kirklands of Kil- 
morilh, Argylesliire. 

In ^29 he waa appointed British amba»- 
sadorwo Coostanttnopla, where he remained J 
till 173". Two years after his rvtnm homttl 
be entered on a eoutrovrrsy with the ^Scoltishl 
eccleaiastical courtK n-gariling the prKM-nta^ 
tionofa minister (uthe jarifh of Maddfrty,] 
Perthshire. Theearlprc«euti'd(ie--'r 
who waa so unacceptable to the y. 
that the presb^-tery refused to indu'.-i. iliaj 
case waa carried by appeal before the oom- 
misaionofthegfnfralu&5enib]ytn Edlnbuivb,! 
where the objecting puritthioners were ablv 
represented by Ilol>erl Hawlpy, wpaver, aoa 
John (Jmy, mason. The commission aakedl 
Kinnoull to waive kae vice bin riuht of pr 
mentation, but this he refust-d to do (Augw8_ 
1740), from fearof* weakening . . . the rigU^ 
of patronages, and of all t hose to whom tbe^ 
do DV law belong.' The court instructed tlu 
preabyterT to induct BUtkie. but. while tha 
oiificalty waa ?ti!l unsolved Hlaikie accept'j 
a call finun a congn'gntion in America. 

Kinnoull di<rd on 28 July 1758. Jle mar^ 
ried Lady Abigail, daughter of Itobert Haz^ 
ley, first earl of OxfoM ^q. v.] She die 
1 '> July 1 7S0. By her he &ad four sons and 
six daughters. His eldeet son, Thomas, i«] 
separately noticed. 

[Soots Magaxioe: Caledonian Men:iiry(1740); 
Ttecotds of f he Church of &?oiIand ; Re^ater oL 
Sttsines in Gcoenl Kegi*ter Ilnuse. Kdinlrtugh^ 
DougUc'i Pevragv of ScoiIaod,cd. Wood, ii. -|8_J 
49] J. T. 

HAY, SiB GEORGE (1 71^-1778), la wya. 
and politician, son of John Hay, rector of 
St. Stephen's, Coleman Street, l>andon, waaj 
bom on 2fl Jan. 1714-15, and admitlej] 
into Merchant Taylors* School in 1724, H«l 
waa elected to St. John's College, t»xfortlJ 
in 1731, matriculating on 30 June, and tooki 
the degrees of B.C.L. on 29 April 1737 and^ 
D.C.L. on 23 Feb. 1742. On 23 Oct. 1743 
he was admitted a member of the College of 
Advocate.', and rapidly rose in \\i» profession. 
His first piece of preferment wa* the chan- 
c»dlnn»hip of Worceatcr diocew, whicli he 
held from 1701 to 16 July 17tJ4. At the 
general election in 1764 lic'waa returned for 
the borough of Stockhridge in Hampehirtv 
and in 175o he became vicar-gcncpal to the 
Archbishop of Canterlmry and king's advo> 
cate. Horace Walpole's 6r8t impression of 
Hay's oratory was that his reputation waa 
greater than his merita deser^eil, but in ibo 
course of a month thia opinion changed. 
Hay, ns one of Pitt's followers, waa ajK 

rfiinted a lord of the admiralty in November 
'50. Henry Fox caused hia re-eloctiou at 









8locUridBBlofc»4 
Psksof 

Mtiaa, Bar ra defcatcd. VI ick the cxo»- 
tMaoTUteWiefiBftmvI bam Amai to Jmty 
1767, Im heU a aMt tf tk atenltr I 
horn K ti t u m i k u 1795 t» Am«Bt 17V5>. H« 
WBf ■ seaiber of thai haly vlkai Ity*; 
«XMBtod ( 1 4 Xjnk 1 7iSr». >^ M Geotp n 
tbougfct tiMi tW fcood Iwi iiMiftiiil to 
him the odiam at the i inalwa, B>T, "vith 
tba rest of hia rnnrfri, Ml — nrr tW 
mr^ dbpleaaafc; aad a «at faratRamy 
Uiimy b waa wfaauJ hem. U1l»as«lT W 
'vraietoet«d forCVaeCJalj l«a« ^.aadrvpcv- 
«e«t«d it till Ike «fa>nln'tiim ia 1761. In 
the aext paitM»»it (1791-8) W up^ a i a rtij 
Saailwkdk, aad bam 5«raaahir 176S aafil 
Ilia death he lat lor X i' gi aula aaJw ^g**- 
Honee Walfofe's ivIaeiaBC fniae of Ha^'i 
•peec h e a ia echoed ia the gaad mfonaa oi 
othcsi. AlexaMSerOu)jle,wheBiBLaBdaa 
in 17€6. heard him apeak is a dehate m the 
^oaaaaa on tW i^aoMliag- at the nabcai 
CoTptia Act 'with a t Sau mt m , a forces aad 
Inrit.T ' which ifaytwl him. la tlie de- 
liates in \7G oa the nestaooa cooBOCted 
-w-ith AVtlke* be iatofcred. mn Walpofe, 
with ' madt aad able saltletj/bat wia at- 
tacked br the whi^ lor hisimcrtioa that 
the Uw of fpovrrmmeiit was vaMriar to the 
law of the Und. Manj j«an later, on the 
motion for tb«' repeal ot the Stamp Act, he 
waa ratgpcted in the saaM war to mocfa »n- 
aoie for hit 'arintrarT aotioo* from the ciril 
law* 

Tlaj gm im ed hU poata of chancellor of 
IVoroMtcT £ooeae, T icarg — eral, and tiin)t*a 
ttdrocaCe in 1761, on fc***— ^-y dein of the 
srcfacs Jodgr of the pmogatire court of Can- 
terbury, and chaooeUor of the dioccM of 
l^oodoa. The«e office* be retained until hi* 
death, and from Novtrmh^r 1773, in which 
month he was knifpht^j, h? hvld with them 
the Judfreehipof the hiirfi rinrrt of admiraltv. 
it was Tiopeu in Marrh 177H that he woutd 
one of thi* otnnmiMioners to treat «'ith 
he American colotiiHA.but he 'poMlivelyre- 
■ ised ' the offer. IlaT loved company and 
lax in application to the duties of his 
ifeawnn. Ilojarth, his intiouitc friend, 
ItHlicat^ Xft him th*» fourth print of 'The 
Election' (1 Jon. 17^^^), antl painted his por* 
trait. Uay poase«aed scvenLl of Hogarth's 
pictures. Trarrick admitte<1 that he had 
passed in Hav*<t rornpatijr ' some of the hap- 
liest hours of his life.' When Hay inter- 
I'ned in ihedebaiea on Wilkes.hewa* taunted 
Srith his former intimacy with the ajirilalor, 
and acknowledfretl the * pleasure and instruc- 
tion' which he had received in Wilkes's po- 
ty. With his irregularities in private life 




hm •&«» 



tMiawi I. wm* mmr tWv mw- 

as «bI !• h» Efc M «chct. frr^. 





, _ad aaa$«^ 

Ihnhnr, whea a tt oi— i- 
„ifl«il on the trial «f the 
Ijiua [aee CvTwaas, Su- 
hn a> * aUa aari faecQHi 
pidBB.' IhnevwpraltdaiBiMa^ 0ja. 
a 1 »S a volaw </ * DecMMB 'la th« H«h 
Oswt of AteinltT dnw the liM «f Sir 
GeocseHaTaadSrJaaMeXnnDtt. Kfitod 
WGeots«XiML VoLLllklmdMsTWv 
1^70 to Htkry Term IHSl' S<»e vt h« 
■p w i chsj an frmji a ftwi ia Oariifiib'a * De^ 
faatea,*i.401,SOS. 

[Oeat. Xifi. 1771. f. <»S ; J.XIiehabTaBiH. 
Aa»iacet of B.;^anh. » ««k »l : Mtod 
Camap. m. U7 ; Genm's WwiniMrfiiia, «aL ii, 
p. cxl; Watpolr's Otetta ni, t IIS. SM.?^ 
ti. «S. M. •>, JM. 4n; Walpoks Joa»H 
1771-n.u.ntt.2«7: Waipata'ali«i«a^&««»- 
4M. 4^. m. 4^7.6«,iT.SM; QarrieVkCton-i. 
iL tSl-M : GMarilW Pkptn. L ICT. ItT. H. MS; 
Cafhrks ABteliic«. |i. »M ; Onto's TarfA 
CSTaiaa^pp.llS-l»: B«ttitd Cbmsp. h. x£»a. 
141 ; Foatars Alaui OzaiL ; BohJMMi'a Bw. 
Hatchaat Ti^flen' Schaal. iL U.] W. P. cT 

HAT,GBORQE.D.n.n7e5»-18in.ea<bo- 

tic btthopof DaxtUs, and ricar-api^^tolit.'^ of Iha 
lowland district of Scotland, bom at Kdia- 
burgh on 24 Aug. 17'Ji*, was the only son of 
James Hay, a • writer in IHIrrmple's Ofiee^* 
who a« a umjuror and a Jacoliit* was pat in 
irons and baniifaad in 1715. Hismotberwas 
Mary Morriaon. The father, graj^aoo of 
Andrew Hay of Inch-nodb, was dinctly 
dewoided fmm Ihigald Hay of Lin^un, 
fttberof Oeorvv Hay (if. \^) [a. r.T, and 
his son vr^s the la.«t in the male irne of 
his branch of the house. (teoTg\> Hay at- 
tended sdiDol in Kdinhur^h, and at the* agv 
of sixteen was bound appn^ntice to Ocois* 
Ijiuder. a »ui)geon iheiv. He was puxsttlng 
his medical studios when the highlasd afttv 
under IVince Charles arrived at Ktlinhurfr)i 
in September 1746. .\,fter the virtory at 
Prestonpans (31 Sept.> hi* msfttrr. louder, 
an ardrnt Jacobite, oecamc military ^urj^m 
to the n;bel army, and nnjce^'Htd to the scene 
of action with tteveral of his pupiK Thtu 
bouse of Colonel (^ianliuer, urar Tranent, 
was used as a hospital, and Hay tended the 
wounded there. For the ntvvt four uionlhi 
he foUoweii the prinee's army, aectiiuitanv- 
ing the ht|;hlsridors in theirmarch routK- 
wuds, and in their retreat as far as Ariloch. 
A severe attnck of ague compelh<>d htm to 
return to »]inburirh, whert?i he was detained 
in the cattle. After about three innnths be 
was trmoafenvd to London, and ramainnd a 



Hay 



362 



Hay 



[ jear there in easj confinement. Among bu 
visitors while s prisont>r in London was 
Maighan, a catholic publUIitT. From him 
II ay heard for tbefirsl lime ai)ninieiitA in sup- 
port of the doctrinetf of the lioman church. 
.\fterthG pauing of thu Act of Indetnnity 
in June 1747 he waa sot at liberty and re- 
turned to Edinbur^'h, but to avoid being 
«-mU<^ aa awitnuitflacainst hi» late associates 
ho withdrew to Kirutown House, near Kil- 
bride, the seat of his relative, Sir Walter 
Montgitmery. The casual discovery in tbe 
library tlirre of Ooter')* ' Papist Misrepre- 
sentea and Kcpret'entvd ' d>.-e|to-ned tbe im- 
pression made by Meigban'a arguments. Un 
returning to ICdiobur^b be allended tbe 
fencing school of John Gordon of Brees, who 
introduced him to John Seton tbe Jesuit. 
Seton, after giving him a regular course of 
instruction, received him into the catholic 
cburcfa, 21 Dec. 1748. Henow resumed bis 
mt>Uical tftudies under Dr. John Rutherford, 
who bad C0Dini»:nce(l a course of clinic-al 
li'ctures in the Knynl Infirmary. (,)n 14 Oct. 
174t> be was electpd an ordinary mumlwr of 
tbo Royal Medical ScH'iery, and on 2 Dec 
following on ' honorary member by succes- 
sion ' — a class of members which has since 
fallen into abeyance. Being debarred by the 
penal laws from graduuting and ubtainin]? a 
diplomat he Itrpt & l:Iu■nli^t*s .••bop in Edin- 
burgh for a year. Afterwanls bi> lu'came 
fiurgeon un luMinl a ship tiltetl out by a com- 
pany of Leitb menliaiita for tbe ^Uditer- 
ranean tm<le,bul biHengagi,-mt'iit tfrminat^nl 
on bis arrival at Marstulli's. Before bis de- 
parture he had been introduced in London 
to Dr. Richard Cballoner [q. v.], vicar-apo- 
stolic of the London district, who had per- 
suaded bim to embrace the ecclesiastical 
stste, and bad ^Titten lo Bishop Smith at 
Kdinburi;b to secure a plnre for him in the 
Sc^its College atltume. Fn>rn Marwillcs he 
therefore went 10 tbe Scots (.'ollejri. at liume, 
which bo entered 10 Sept. 17nl. lie whb 
ordained priest byCardinnl Spinelli, J April 
175H. On 20 April 175SI he left the mllege 
for the Scotch mission, in company with the 
Rev. John Geddes [q. v.] and the Rev. Wil- 
liam Ciutbrie. They reached Edinburgh on 
lo Aug. 

In November 1759 liny took up liis resi- 
dence with Biyhnji Jame« timnt ( 1 « OW-177H) 
[q. v.] at Presbome in the Knxie of Banff, 
where he laboured aa a mishionnry priest till 
August 17ti7. He afterwards spent) wo vears 
in Kdiobiirgh, settling ibe atlairfi of B!»1ui[i 
Smith. He wascODsecrittcd bishop of Daulis 
in pfirtUmt^ and coadjutor rum ^frp wecfl*- 
aiunU to Bishop Grant ut Scauin, 21 May 
i769, and continued bis services at Edin- 



bnrgh as procurator for t he clergy and pastor 
of the secular mission there. 

Un tbe deal b of Bi«hnp Grant, .1 Dec. 177^ 
he became vicar-apostolic of the lowland' 
district of Scotland. In the following year i 
intense excitement prevailed among thepro- 
testant population in consequence of the prt^ J 

Sosal of lue government to relax in a sliebtr 
^ree ibe penal laws against the cathobcs. 
The new chapel-house in Chalmers' Close, 
near Leith Wj-nd, Edinburgh, waa bimiL 
down, by the infuriated mob, li Feb. 1779»'l 
and nex t day the rabble pi undvred t he chapel- f 
housa in Itlackfriars \vynd. During thciittl 
riota the bisboiiim-urred great personal dan- > 
ger. Ilia pajiers were fiaved irom the fire, 
but his furniture and a valuable librar}*^ 
formed by three of his predecessors, we 
partly burnt and pnrtly distributed bypublic 
auction among tue populace. lie came tq 
London to obtain from the ginemment pro-^ 
tection for tbe sntfering catholics. Burke 
interested himself tn tbe malt^r^ and in & 
letter to Patrick Bt>wie spoke highly of Hay« 
The government, after protracted negotia 
tions, refused protection, but compensation 
was granted for all losses in eontequence < ' 
the not£, half the amount being paid bv the 
government and half by the city of fedir 
burgh. Hay returoud to Scotland at tha 
end of June, but it was thought prudent for 
him to avoid Edinburgh, lie baa ]>ctitione ~ 
t he holy see for a coadjutor, and John Godde 
[q. v.] WAS numinated on 'JQ Sbpt. 1770. 

In 17H1 he went lo Roue to lay befor 
tbe popQ a plan for reorganising tbe Scnt»1 
College there. The auppresaion of the je«utt«| 
had done tbe college seriou-t injury. Ilay't 
chief object was to get Scottish suiieriors ap-1 
pointed ; but although he was well received] 
m Home, where he remained six months, 
wime years eln|M)ed before the whole of his 
plan WHS carried out. 

In I7rtH he took chiirgenf the ecclesiastical 
seminary al ricainn in tbe limes ofGlenlivBt^ , 
but he was recalled in 17'.<<I lo r>^suine his I 
former functions, in consequence of Bisbo[^J 
(ieddes's failing health. Ine loss of all th*f 
continental e.-itablwhrnents belonging to the 
mission in the French revolutionarv war was 
a severe trial. With very slender means 
be began and completed a new seminary at 
Aquhorties,near Inverury, AberdeeDBhin*,toj 
which tbe .«tndents removnt from Scalsn.^ 
24 July 1 71H). Dr. Alexander Cameron fq. v.}, 
]iriiicipiil of the Scots College in Spain, waa 1 
apuoiuted bis t^oudjutorin Qedde0*B place, but 
did not orrive in Scotland till 20 Aug. IcHh*. 
Hay's request for permission lo rcstpi his 
episcopal charge entirely was refused by the 
pope, lie accordingly retired to AquhortieSi 



Hay 

and devoted all faU time to pious reading 
and prayer, but his mental and bodily in* 
lirmitics rapidlv increased, and his rexigna- 
tton waa at lenfrtli accepted by the holy see. 
During the last tiro yeurs of h'w life Iiis reason 
f&ilr'd. He died at Aquhortica on 15 Oct. 
1B11, and was buried i%iihin the walU of a 
decayed catholic chopi;! on the bank;' of the 
T>on, not Cir fmni the house uf Feltemeax. 
A new chapel has since been erectod there, 
and the prare i^ now enclosed in the south 
transept of the building. 

Hay was th« chief instrument in keeping 
thf> catholic n-Jigion alive in Scotland during 
a dismal period of persecution. His pieiy 
and virtue^ gained for him the venenition 
of his coreligionists, and the re!rpt.-cc of the 
most ealightened of his proicstont coiitem* 
ponries. The popularity of his principiil 
works,niJtwith9t«ndingtheirp'mdf*rouHBtyle, 
is attested hv the numeruuseditionfi through 
which they Lave pasaeU, and by their trans- 
lation into »«*Terallanguaj^. l*r.( afterwards 
CanlinsI ) Newman, on joining the Homan 
church, was recommende«l by Cardinal Wise- 
man to study theulogy in Hay's writings. 

His wnrkii are: 1. *A Detection of the 
Unngi'rous Tendency, both for Christianity 
und l*nitegtancy, of a Sermon said to he 
preached before an Assemblv of l>ivine!i bv 
a. C, I>.D. ... By a M.m>K;rof the Ale- 
tlician Club,' I^ndon, 1771, 8vo ; written 
in reply to a sermon. 'The Spirit of the 
fto#pel, neither a Spirit of Su|>erstition nor 
<»f Knthustasm/ bytJeorge Ciimpbell ( 17H)- 
175t<(> [<(. v.] Hay's • Detection ' occasioned 
a lively teniroversj*, in which Dr. WUliam 
Abemethy l>rummond [ij. v.] took part. 
li. A series of letters on usury, contributed, 
under the pseudon^in of 'John Simple,' to 
the* Weekly Magazine.orhxlinburgh Amuse- 
ment,* in l7~'J-ii. They wen* reprinte<) in 
' l.etIerB on t'sury ami Interest; showing 
the advantage of I^oans for th^ supiK)rr. of 
Trade and Commerce,' l^oudou, 1774, 12mo. 
S. ' The Scripture Doctrine of Miracles Dis- 
played, in which their Niiture, their DitVerent 
Kinds, their PoMibility, their Ends, Instru- 
ments. Authority, Criterion, and Continua- 
tion KTv impai^ially examined and explained, 
according to the Light of Revelation and 
the Principle* of Sound Reason,' *J vrds., 
KdinbiiTgh. 1775, 12mo. This is his l»est 
work. An ap|)endix conlainiHl a dialogue 
on transulkitantiation, which elicited a reply 
fr*im Dr. William Abemeihy DrummonJ, 
A rejoinder by Hay appeared under the title 
of 4. * Kxplaimtory Remarks ou the Dialo^e 
between Philuletue? and Itenevolus against 
the Appendix to the Scripture Doctnoe of 
Miracles, in which the strength of the rea- 



^63 



Hay 



soiling made use of in that Dialogue anintt 
the Appendix isexamined and unfolded, and 
some of its defects pi>inted nut. Ity a Lover 
of Truth and Merit, Edinburgh. I77tJ, 12mo. 
ft. * An Anawer to Mr. \V. A. D.'s l^etter to 
Q. H. i in which . . . the Roman Catholics 
[are] fully vindicated from the slanderous 
accusation of thinking it lawful to break 
faith with Heretic*/ Edinburgh, 1771:4, Bro. 
In answer to a pamphlet 'written bv Drum- 
mond, who issued a rejoinder to ifay's an- 
swer. 6. Along pastoral letter on the'Dutit^s 
of the Clergy.' 1780. I'.'mo, ill pp. 7. 'Tlie 
Sincere Chnsttun infitruct*^! in the Faith of 
Christ from the Written Word,' 'J vols., Edin- 
burgh, 17iSl, 2nd edit., UiW; -llth edit., 
ti vols., Dublin, Itfiii. 8vo. 8. *Tlie Devout 
Christian instructed in the Law of Christ,' 
Edinburgh, I7b3. IK* The l*iou& Christian in- 
structed in the nature and practice of tboM 
exercises of Pielv which are used in the 
Catholic Churcb/'Edinburgh. I'^y 10. Ma- 
nuscript written in shorthand, preservetl at 
Blain Colh'ge, and rnntnining, intfr alia, a 
collection of 'C<mtrnversiol Songs' for popu- 
lar Scotti.sh airs. Whether Hay ctnnposed 
them does not, however, appear. TTiey an 
nil found in * A Collection of Spiritual Sonffs,* 
Aberdeen, IK):?, 11. ' An Inquiry whether 
Salvation can 1m' bad without true Eaith, 
and out of the communion of that tme only 
Church estahli.'^hed by Christ,' I^ndon and 
l>erby, lH5(i, iHmo. A reprint nf the ap- 
|>«*ndix to the second volume of the 'Sincere 
i'hristian.' 

An i-dition of his * Works,' prepared under 
tbA supervision of Bishop Strain, ap|icar«d in 
6 vols., Edinburgh, 1871. Vols. i. and ii. con- 
tain * The Sincere Christ Ian ; ' vols. iii. and iv. 
• The Devout Christian ; ' and vol. v. eontaina 
'The Pious Christ inn.' 'I'wovoliimescontain- 
ing 'The Scripture rkictrine of Miracles,' 
were adilett to this edition in \i^7X 

A yiortrait of him by George Watson, 
P.li.S,A.,hasl»een engraved by It. A.Periam. 
The original is at Blairs College. Another 
original portrait of him bangs in the rector's 
room in the Scots College at Rome. 

[Life byJ.A. Stothert in hisCalhohciliesinn 
in Scothitid, pp. lfi-4&3; IHrVs Reasons for 
Embraring th« CAihoIic Faith. 1848. p. 184; 
Catholic MagaziDSAiwincrir-w. pp. 275-82; Ca- 
thuhc Directory, 164:! (with purtrail); Loodua 
and Dublin Weekly Ort)iod»x JuiimAl. 1837. iv. 
81 ; Brady's Episcopal Succeisioo, iiL 461, 
462.] T. C. 

HAY, GEORGE, eighth MARttns op 
TwEEDnAtE ( 1787-187(V), waa l»om at Yeater 
in Ha<hlinglonshire on I Eeb. 1787. He nc- 
cedixt to the title and eatates on the death 
of bis father (George, Mventh man]ui«) in 



[ay 



»«4 



[ay 



noitWpfvnoiwJaac^ lalfOSkiweBi 
gfly, tm tha MdT of the EMJbfc ^nmutl 
naadmgthae. Soon sftor MtuoiBff hi> 
I eoopuij, im Mftj 1007, W jodwJ W< 
|.l0a*« fera^ in the Fi mmiiIi ila vu 

rahU ilii <bm|i.imI ■■■■ nlnlai ihalwiili i 

h^f BwMnn, 37 8e|*. 18ia He Mhwyirtly ' 
i ItMuae oiurtemuta^iRoefal, i c aa tri hi* , 
' ■MPritTl4M»y ISIS. and wM^Mtt mmwfal 
ftt Vittona, 31 Jane 1613. He was at «nn 
pri>ni«>''Hi to b^ Ui-ul4niaDt-crjIoiiel, aiiii went 
bomr invalided. Aa toon as hie health waa 
[ Mfficieatlr restored be j(»ned faia le yu Bei tf , 
' then engaged In the Anuneanww. Hewva 
(ifice more wounded in the actioo at Ntagmra 
in 1H13. when, on refusing to (.arrender, he 
was with great dificnltj taken alirc br his 
humane enemies. After his retam in l>sl4 
thp manjuis saw no farther aetire s^^'ice, 
though he continued on the emplored list, 
and rose through all the (grades of tLe army, 
his later eootmisakms being dated : colonel 
27 May 1825, major-general 10 Jan. 1HS7. 
lieutenanl-freneral 9 Nor. I&tO. general 
2UJune lS54.and 6eld-marahal29Majl875. 
He MMted on his pntenial eatetea in Ilad- 
dinfTTnnshire, and in \t*-J4 was appointed 
lurd-lieuteuaut of thf county, where lus^eftt 
the next eif^teen ytMTr in the impravemeiit 
of hti eeUles aoJ tlie discharge of his duties 
as a landed proprietor and coiutr magnate. 
In 184*i he was madi; guTemur of Madrms, 
and also, byspe^al amm^ment of the Ihike 
of Wellington, rommander>-in'-chief of the 
local army, then in need of nvtrganisation 
and Hifcipline. After a uspful tenure of 
office TweedHale retin'd in 1)H4H. when he 
rrtunied lo Yei»t<»r. and resumed hi^ wgricul- 
turel pumuilB. He It^d the wa%' in tile- 
dimming, in deep ploughing, anJ in many 
bold experimt-nts. in the course of which 
he incurred cnnsiderablc cxponse. He also 
ehowod an intelligent interest in the then 
infant science of meteorolog)* and in me- 
chanics, where his knowlt'dge enabled him 
to invent niachinen' which bus been found 
uaeftil by fsrmora. flis services were ackuow- 
ledg'Hl in Scolland liy election to the presi- 
duntahip of the Agricultural and Highland 
Society. 

Twceddale was madH a C.B. in 1815, a 
K.T. in 1820. K.C.Ii. in lW5:i, nml U.C.B. in 
lKt7. Ho was also gold-stick in waiting, and 
was succesvivplycDlonelof the following regi- 
inenl)) : 30th foot 1W«. 42nd foot 1802, 2nd 
lifeguanlfl 180.1. He was likewise during 
many yeant ft rcprpwntatiTO peer for Scotland. 
Jin wnn a mnti of cnnttpicuous physique, uid 
Cflubratcd in the anny a» n horsemnn and 
Mbrtur. lie was ahio an accomplished coach- 



mui.uiJ is said lohaTC oooe drivL-n tbt^mail 
fom Ijonitm to Haddington without a hsit 
or !•&£ He died tram an accident 10 i 
187^ mgtd SB, haring najried, 28 Man-h] 
181ft, Ladv Soaan Montagu, third dau^te 
of the Bfih Dnhe of Maneheaier; §he die 
6 Mm^ 187a Tvecddale had bj her mwal 
MMH ftud aix daoahlers; hui eldeat aoail 
OoaiSe,earl of GiSbrd, died in 1862: 
imwHiil, AithttT^wiccMJiiid him, and is notic 
aepantelT. 

[Tha Graal Histoncal FamiliM of 8colUad»J 
hy M»mt» Tarlor. iLA„ Lcwdoa. IftST : Timm 
11 Oct. l»7«.l H. U. K. 

HAT, SiK GILBERT (jr. 1456),Scott 
poet and translator, was in all likelihood < 
the noted fiunily of Hays of Errol, haiedit 
coMtaMea of Scotland. He was probabljj 
the aoa of Sir Williun Hay of Lochar 
and be nar be the Grlbertns Hay mentions 
among the iMenninants or Bachelors of Ar 
in 1418 and the Mosterv of Arts in 1419 i 
St. Andrews rnivenjity. Following a cu 
torn of the cadets in his time, Hav soon afta 
this date went to Krsnce, where luo influeno 
of the Dauphiness Margaret, daughter 
Jame* I of Scotland, may have helped him ( 
the pa^ition of ehambenain to C'har1e« VI 
He returned I o Scot land soon after Mnrparetli 
death in 144o. It is not reruin when 
became a knight, but in introducing in li 
his TiTsion of Bonnet's * Bukc of Battailei 
he calls himw-If ' Gilbert of the Havt' Knych^ 
Mai5ter in Arte, and BacLilere in Decrei^ 
Chaumt-rlavn vmnuhile to the maist wortl 
King (;'hflr(es of Fraunoe.' 

Arter bis n>tum lo .Scotland, Hay rvsid« 
with the Fj*rl of Caithnexa. at wlms** mi| 
gestion be translate*! from French the pr 
work* that bearbi« name. He may Iinvc b« 
related 10 the faithnew family by mnrriag 
Hewasawitnewtoilietrtiameut of.-Vlexan- 
der de .Sutherland of Purnbethe, ' luade 
Unolin, 14 Nov. 14.W.' The t.-st«lDr lea\ 
Sir Gilbert the Hnye hi* '»\iar colar.' vt'ii 
the ini;iniTtion to nay ten Vsallers for his sou 
(drnnilitfic t^f the Sainte<loirr« of Iiu»Aty 

HavV prose works wore foaoa in nianiiseri^_ 
intln"librar\- of Sir Waller Scolt of»CT hi^ 
d.'flth, and were wlited by Dnvid Liiing for 
the .J^bbotfifortl Club (!84">- There are thn-e 
trpatiscK in all: 1. The monk Donnet's 
' Huke of Ilftttailes.' 2. Thp flnonvmous ' Lh 
Lirre de J'Ordre de Chevalerie.' which CaxtoH 
shw translated. Ilnv i'tnltle.« hh version 
'Tho Btike of the (irder of Kovcbtliood." 
». • The Biiko of t he GoveriiRunce of Prince^ 
a trani^Intion of the P^urmns .XristoteliiB 
'SecretuniSecrelorum.' The&ewereoll tran^ 
luted into e.\preseixe chaructemlic Scotch, 



^ 



rJ t^in(; jiri»t« tiw scnitid in full, with 

lu^tnliTv ^pecimenA of thf others. Hny'a 

etic -H-Drk i« o tranalntion from the French 

Kto upwnnU of twenty llioiigand Scottietli 

tn*ii of ' The Bnke of the Conqueror AU-x- 

lodrr the Great.* The work is only extnnt 

a ntanuscnpt ut Taymuiith Cuttle, which 

cmato lMveljevRwritlt.*u in 1-11*3, thvr the 

iin»tfttor*« <lefltk. It Las nerer been printed 

fiitl. but ropious extmcts were printed for 

Baniutyno Club in l?i.'U. 
Tla^'s rigoroits cominnnt] of his nntire 
nffiii* in«ured him n mcafinn* of litemry 
ii|«*irtiinc»*, iindhifl * liukBof Kin^ Alexaun* 
r<r ' hiu Mifliciently dtMinctive merits to 
wamnt ftJliision to the writer bv Dunbar in 
bis ' l^inrnt for the Mnknris' (before 150B) 
nd bv Sir Dftvid Lyndsay in tlie prologue to 

' rnpynfCJ.' 
[ Msclenrie** XJvm and niAmct«rs of the mnst 
niinent Writer* of the Scoi> Niirion, toI. iii. ; 
|lrl*'AKtord Cluli aniJ^Bannntync Club books. M 
' [>*i*- Micbi'l's Lw Keo9itjii» en Frmttce, rol. i.1 

T. a 

HAV, JAMKS, fint Eabl of Carlisle 

44. HVW). Kju of Sir James Hay of Kin^nisk 

|rf. UdOt. by Marfifuret Mtirray. and prtind- 

m «>f Sir IVter Hay of Meu^inch, waa born 

•I rtt»cnrthj^inFife«bire {t>*>VGLks,Peerai/e, 

nH. WiHTd. ii. 44). J%mes I taking^ a foney 

Uixn, MA 'a jK'rson well r|iialified by hi* 

ng in Franrt* and by Atiidy in lininan 

Dg'tCLAKEXDoy.i. l.'tS), knigbttKl him 

brrHi^ht him n ith htin to England. 

(Areordintr to Wcldov, SiH-rrt /fuit. of fhe 

\fhurl t*f King Jfiwe*, \. .^lO, h<* came from 

I to meet Jame^ on liifi arrival in Knfr- 

nd woa introduced by him to the 

rn*ne1i ambauodor, .\«, however, his name 

doe* not appear in the list of Imi^rhta made 

' I Knplana, it would Heem thnf, if the f^torv 

1 1 n»*, he mniit have met Jarae^ to the nort It 

' till" iMinler.) lli>.5oi>n lieeame a pentleninn 

tbw iH-drhumUT. Jamf!* not only iiver- 

rhelmed Iiim wiib a Miicreiwi'tn of ifniniit, 

nt provideil for him n iiiarria^- with llonnra 

mnv, the hrireasofSir lulwanl IVnny, So 

can bi* (N>njec!tured fmm doeumonta 

rtiich have rvai^hetl us, thirre »eerait to have 

L*n M>m** diltieulty in pitninff the aiuu'nt 

(heroflhe ladyorofher father. t>u ITSepi. 

)l^W the kinjf (.-mnied Sirixton Manor and 

irtht^r landi to Sir .Innie* Hay mid ITonom 

~" iiuy and their lawful iA«U(« ( l\tt. 'J .lac. I. 

t39; .Mr». Kven-rt ((rui'n,in her deacrii>- 

LB^tlia dnn|uet loSejit. in the 'Caleiulnr 

~ __ * Slalc l*ii|ien.,' ern^ni-ounly dt- 

rtfislady at 8ir Jamei'a wi fr), and on 

37 Oct, rVtiDT waa cn*ated a barxn. \», 

vvr, the (nrinvr of the manor of St ri\l on 

ador Uie crown rvtaininl hi* hidd on it till 




\{M\ (MiuiMtrni' Accounts, V. \L O., Nortb- 
ampton lloH, *J and 3 Jac, I, No. 2A, 3 and 
4 Joe. I, No. 22), it looka as if Jamns k«^t. 
back the patent, taking tliia curiou.i way of 
holding out a temptation to the new ]>eiT to 
Dart with his daughter. On 21 June IfiOfl 
Hny himself was created a barcia for life, 
though without a seat in the House of Lords 
(i*rt/. 4 Jac. I. part i),and the marriage took 
place on Jan. 1607 (GiMDES, AmiaU nf 
Jnmr» J), lloth in the sermon, 'The lloyal 
Merchant,' preached hy }{obert Wilkinaon, 
and iu ('ampion't ' Masque ' (NionoLB, Pr*^- 
ifi-Mw^ii. 105; Campion. WVAjt, ed. Bullen. 
pp. 1 4r> s<]. ), James i« lauded as t he founder of 
a marringe in which not only two penranrt, 
but two kingdoms, were united. James gave 
the couple a further start in life by paying off 
the debt« of the bridegroom (>Statf Pnperf, 
Dom. xxvi. 4r>). On 4 June ItilO nny was 
made ft kuight of the Bath at the crention of 
the king's eldest son Henry as prince of 
Walea, and in IH13 he became master of the 
wnrdrolw {firnnt Jiook, State Papers^ Horn, 
p. 9.T). On 21* Juno 1015 (P/i/. |.^ Jac. I, 
part ItJ) h*' wasm-ated I-onl Hay of Sawley, 
thi« time without any uiiu^unl rent net ion.«. 

llay's chnmcter uh a Kijendthrift wns al- 
ready ptttablisbed. Satirists, ]>erhanA with 
iiomn exaggeration, delighted to tell of liiH 
uiilmundiMJ extravagance. One particular 
freak, that nf tlie double sunpeni, wa» T%y 
niembered agaiuAt him. The invited giicHtH 
would, it ifl Kaid, liud themeelvea in the pre- 
wnccof a cold HuppercompoMHl ofthegreatc»t 
rarities. Hefon* they had time to help ihem- 
selres it was snatched away and replaced hy ii 
hot 9upperofe<juolcof(tlin«u(OsBOiiKr.'Tni- - 
ditional Memoirs' in the Het-rrt HUt. of the 
Court ufJamfi' /, i.270). Hay in fiict look 
life eaKily. \N ith a master ready to RUpply 
hi» nMinin'menlfl there was no need to stmt 
himself. Tliii* focility of temper carried him 
through the fllijijK'rycareerof a courtier with- 
out makiiiL'' ti single enemv. Ho never pnw 
sumed on liif* |Kwiiioii, never Iobi bin tem|)er, 
and was no mau'it rival, becaime b»" w»* never 
jealous of any one. Hov'ii gfKid natur** waa 
uased upon a wide foundation of common 
een8«. He did not indeeil ri.'W to the rank 
of n HtateAiniin. and ho was apt to think in 

(lolitteal ufTnin^ much as pi'ople with whom 
le WNM ill daily conver«e werv thinking, Uut. 
within IhcM* limilationn he had usually goiKl 
advice 1(1 give. The evidence of the iM'lter 
side of hifi character is to lie found in the very 
numerous de»]Mtches whidi he wrote in (he 
crierpe of lii« career, most of which are still 
ill manuH'ript in the Uecord (>fru-ii. In thosa 
be kIiowf hiiuM'tf shri'wdf obevnaut, and 
son*ible. 



s66 



w 



Hfty's first diplomatic mi»siun wan to 
France ia Hilii. He was ecnt to demand 
I certain conditions the bund of the Prin- 
rcem Christina for Prince (^barles. He ac- 
quiltt^d himself, aa mi);hc have be«m ex- 
pucle^i, with great raagiiiticeuce. lie wna 
quite Bware beforehiind that the contiitinns 
mrhicb ho was instrui'ted to make would lead 
In tbu rejection of thu prO|»o&t>d ninrrini^t', and 
tbtifi! wiu lhert>rure nothing to di»cre<Iit him 
in I be failure which ^nsiued. 

llav was now a widower, and in 1617 he 
courted Lucy Percy [see IIat. Lucy, CutN- 
rr.is or Caklinl^:], a daughter of the Kurl of 
^"orthuiobiirlttnd, who wiw u prisoner iu the 
Tower. The earl ohjectod strongly to the 
morria^^e, ssyinf; that be was not fond of 
J<colchJip»lChaiuberlftiti toCurleton/J^l'Vb., 
a Man-li IllI"; iSlntfi Paper*, I>om. xc. 79, 
10-*). Hay rtlHhnitiil bis courtahip by «x- 
traviL^iil fcttiivitirx, and on t> Nor. he was 
married to the brif?)it beauty who enchanted 
two geuerattou-s ut ^tate-imeu and courtiers. 

In \Q\f< James, anxious to retrench, and 
finding that Hay WHS not likely to help him in 
that direction, persuadeil liim to resign tbu 
mastership of the wardrnhtt upon a cumjti'nsa- 
tioii of :K),000/.,in addition, it i.SKaid,toaMum 
of 10,(KX)^. given him by bis successor { ' List 
of Pavmeuts,' UtaU Pnprrfy l>om. cxvi. I5i; 
ifnhYttf^Arw^Lettrr.'JT Aiig.-H Sept. 1618). 
On o July of the samo year hn wu created 
Viscount l)oncast<ir {Pat. lOJac- I, part 11). 

In February Utl9 iJoncostor was selected 
for the important mission to Germany by 
whtcli James hoped to avert the spread of 
thi>HnlK<mian tmnlib'S. Ilestartedon 12May, 
and viKiU'd UrusHtds nn }n» way to Heidel- 
berg. He was there high in favour with the 
Elector Frederick, and still more wiiii the 
Electross Klizabi'tb, who used jestiuglv to 
Bpeah of bim oa ' camel-face.' llis instincts 
as a Scotchman would have led him to a 
IFrench alliance, and na no such alliance was 
to be bad they continued to exist in the form 
of opposition to Spain and Aiis.tria. In writ- 
ing homo he aupporttHJ the elector's proposal 
that James Kh^mld Imrk him in opprmitinn to 
the bouse of Austria in Tiobuniia. If Doncaa- 
Wr had n<i broad views of policy', he wtis at 
lea*t shrewd enough to discover that the 
antJigonism of the (.rerman states to one an- 
other would onlv end in war, and that his 
master's idea ot smoothing them away by 
means of honest diplomacy was doomed to 
failure. \N'hen be met I'Vrdinand at SaUhvirg 
on his way to the imperial election at I'Vaiik- 
f<irt,,be coidd draw no salisloclory answer 
from bim, and, after hiaowii return to Franlt- 
fort, was ifjually uu8ucce.<i6fiil withOnat^, the 
Sptoish ambasHador. An attempt to induce 



the Itobemians to accept Jnmes'a mediation 
also failed. l>onca*ter wos obliged to retir 
to Spa to await fresh orders. Before thej 
wen* sent it was Imown in Kngland ibat !•> 
dinand had been choscu L*mi>eror and Fred** 
rick king of Bohemia^ and Doncflster wa 
ordered tocongratulate Ferdinand on biacli' 
tinn, and to a.«)!ure bim that James bad na 

finrt in (he ambitious schemes of his pon-in- 
uw. InJauuary Ui:^. on htsrvlum to Kng^l 
land, he urg^wl his master to embark in war' 
on bwbalf of the new king of Itobemio. 

With these opinions Iloncaster was not . 
likely to he again employed in Germany bj 
James. In \&2\ be was sent to France tq 
urge Louis XIII tu make peace with bisl 
llugueuot subjects, and iu 1622 he was sent 
back on a similar mission. On both occ 
sions his ple^ding^ were rqected, courteoufrlj 
but doeidedly. After bis return on 30 S*'pT,l 
ltI22 be was cniflted lOarl of CarlifJe (Pat^ 
2UJac. I.partU). 

In February 1023 the new earl was 
to Paris to avert any ill consequeuces 
Charles from his journey through France onj 
his way t*» Madrid. In January 1624 be wsi 
one of the lhn*c rommissionfrs fur Spanish 
affairs who voted for wur with Spain. On 
irMaybewaseuntasanmnlMiS'.MdortoFmncfl 
to join Henry Kich ( Lord Ken»>ingtoii, wboifl 
better known ns Karl of Holland, the tillfl 
which he reoeivw! in thr course of the vearl 
in negotiating a murringe between Cliarli 
and Henrietta Marin. As long as he carri>*A'J 
ou negotiations with La V'ieuviUe he baJ 
reason to believe that the marriage might bo 
concluded on satisfartorr Itrms. When La 
^'ieuville was succeedev! by Uicbelieii, and 
the new minister gave it plainly to Ik» und<«r*i 
Blood that there could bo nti marriage wit! 
out an eugagement that the Knglisb jiena 
laws against the catholics should be set fisidij 
Cnrlisie strtmgly though vainly advised Janic 
and Charles, both of whom had promiswl jiar 
liamcnt that be would do nothing of tl: 
kind, to show a bold front to Uicbelieu. In 
April lH25,afti'r Charlee'flflccession.bo again 
showed his wisdom in warning the round 
king not to exis^ct too muL-h from t h«? l-^rencl 
altiauce. Tin) n-jection of Carlisli.'>'s adn<! 
had much to do with the disastrous fuilur 
of the foreign policy of the new reign. 

in April 1628, after the failure of Bucking 
ham's expedition to liht-, Carlisle was de 
jHLtchod to Lorraine and Pie»hn<.mt to stif 
up antagonism against Uicheliuu,and in Nt>-^ 
vember he wrote urging Charles to vt»me (o 
terms with Spain, and to continue the war. 
with France as long as Franco continue" 
lH)stile to the HugiU'nots. On hia ratum i 
England he found tbu tide at court in Cbtou 




of peace with Krancu too »troiig to be re- 
staled. Fmm this limeCsrliklt; took no open 
ppart in poiitiu. lie wtu* nut thi> man to bu 
'tbU pleased with thti Aituation created hy 
the dituiolutiou of 1629, and dunnr the re- 
tDainilcT of hifl life he distinftuishcu htiusell 
only by the eplendour of his hosiutnlity. He 
xiiude hiraN.'lt' a» wulcome to Cniirles a« he 
liud liueu to liin fatliLT. In Jtdy 1635 he- told 
thtipnTMil agent, Puiizani.probjiblv imnicaltj, 
tliQt he was ready to accept aU Ine teaching 
(if Kanin exrcjit I hi* p(»]it'S elnim to deiwse 
kiugK. Ho ilind in Mar<>h KUKi. * Hlti dulilc,' 
w^rote one of StralVnrd's com-siKindenti', * are 
great, abovt. 80,000/. He hath left his lady 
'wellnigb 5,000/. a year, the impost of wiuea 
in IreLuid, for which, they say, she mnyhave 
I'O.OOO/. ready money . . . little or nothing^ 
come4 to the son ' (Str<tfford Letters, ii. 52.5 j. 
* He left behind him/ wrote Clarendon, ' the 
reputation of u very fine gentleman and a 
ino8tacconi|ili»hed c<>iirtier, and aftt-r having 
*pent, in a v^ry jovial lifp, ahov*? 400,(KK)/,, 
which, ujHin ahtrict rampnfatinn,liereceired 
from the i-ourt, he left ncit a house or aero of 
laud to bo remembered hy * (CtAHEXDOK. i. 
1^56). His only surviving son. James {d. 
IfkiO), succeeded him aa second Earl nf Car- 
lisle, and on his death without isjtu^ the title 
became extinct. 

[Sm, to addition to the referoDOU givon abore. 
Gardiaer'i Uiu. of Eoglaud, vols, ti-viii. puMsini. 
Carlialfi'a mfQUl rhamcterifttics uro unly t-i U> 
le-irat by a study of tiia dc«paiolics. now in tho 
Kuoonl Office. iS(Ki alsu a chanictur of liini in 
Lloyd'a Smio WorihiM, p. 77**. where ho !« con- 
nected with James's oscape from the Govrio plot 
thmogh a coufuuua with Sir JaiucA itsm^uy.] 

S. R. G. 

HAY, JOHN (1540-1607>,Scottiah Jesuit, 
bom in I.>4ti, wan a member of thu family of 
Hay of I>ulgety, Fifeahire, He entered 'the 
Society of Jesua at Rome on 2o Jan. 15tJj>-0, 
Mkd IPOS fellow-novico with St. Stanislaus 
Kostka from 26 Oct. lot^? until 2/J Jan. 
1567-6 (BoBBo, Storia deUa Vitn <Ii K .S7/i- 
ni»iao Kostlia, p. 281). In lo7<Mm vittited 
fifraaburg for the benefit of hia health, and 
-while there to<ik )>«rt in a famous disputa- 
tion held in the prnteiitant academy on tho 
doctrine of tranAubxtantiation (Sicciiixi, 
JlUtoria &>r. Jetnt, pt. iv. n. 131). Afler^ 
vardit he «iicceeth>d in penetrating into Scot- 
land, where hi* presence eaiised great com- 
motion among tue pre^byterian ministers. 
Ktnbarking at llordeaux on^^ltec. ISTH, be 
landerl at Dundee on IM) Jan. 1578-9, and 
atayod in the house of his bn^ther Kdmiind, 
ati advocate, who wa» one of (he counsel for 
Jame« Hephurn,carl of ltothwell,at hia trial 
for themurder<if lJaruIey,and in theprocett 



of bis divorce. The Karl of Km.il, constable 
of the kingdom, and the head of the family 
of the Ilayn, olft-refl to conduct him to the 
king, anil prnmiitetl that he should be un- 
moleateil. Iloyal letters were issued, how- 
ever, eonimunding him to quit the country. 
Another brother, AVtIliam, gave a caution in 
l,004.>/.tluit]Iiiv should go abroad, 'wind and 
wedder HiTvonil,' Ix'fore 1 fk't. 1579, and that 
he would do nothing moanwhilo * otieneive 
to the trew and ChriMiane religioun esta- 
blished.' Hay deacribetl hiaprocredingn in n 
letter addrejised from Paris on Nov. 167i> 
to Kdwani Mercurinn, the general of the 
jesuiii* (IjEITII, A'arrativrt qf Heitttish Cntko- 
/iW. pp. I41-<t.*»). 

In or a)>out liiSl he was appointed ordi- 
nary professor of theology iu the univi-raity 
of l^oumou in Franci', where he was b1s«> 
dean of arts. The publication of bi» ' De- 
mande5 concerning the Christian Ileligiou* 
in I WO greatly irritated (he C'alvinist*, and 
led to a long and embitlei-pd controversy- l>e- 
tween the proteatant prnfi'ssora at Nismes 
and the je^uita at Tournnn. In his latter 
days Hay was ap)M>inled ri'ctor <»f the col- 
lege at Ponl-ii-MnusAon in Lorraine, where 
lit! died on ill May 1(*07. Oliver aay» h« 
was a mail of commanding abilities, primi- 
tive fervour, ond infantine dociliiy. 

His works are: 1. * CVrlaine llemandes 
concerning tho Christian Religion and Dis- 
cipline, pmiMiwd to the Ministers of the new 
pretended Kirk of Scotlande,* Pari)*, l^>tO, 
lOmo, pp. 104. It waa n<priuted and tnina- 
lated into Kr»>tu;h by Father M. ('oyasanl 
under the title of **l>emaudes fuiei4_'8 aux 
Ministrpfl d'Es<*i>»se, . . ." Lyons. loB3, l(!mo. 
A German translation by Sebastian Werro, 
Pfarrherr lu Freyburg in L'ehtland, appeared 
under the title' of ' Frogatuck de« (hriat- 
lichen ttlaubens an diu neuwe Sectiache 
Prcdigknnten . . .,' Freiburg. KjSTi, 4to; tliia 
is the firpt bonk prinleil at Fri'ibww. 
Another edition was printed therein ]f>8a. 
KeplifS to Hay's work were published by 
Jaquea Pineton do Chambrune and Jean de 
Serres. Then- was also published anony- 
mously ' ]Cet«]>onae aux etna premieres el- 
]>rinci]!alea Uemandes do tr. Jean Hay,* 
Geneva, 168/i, 8vo. 2. ' IHsputalionum libri 
duo, in quibu* caUininiio et captinnes Minis- 
tri Anonymi Nemaiisemtis contra As-sertiones 
Theologicoji et PhiloMiphicaa . . . anno 1081 
projMwitas diM:utiuntur,' Lyons, 1G(*4, 4to. 
To I hia l>e Serrt'S replied in 'Pro vera Ec- 
desiiD CalhoUcffi autoritaie IVfensio ndver- 
Eus Joh. Hayi Je^uitie Ili-sputationes,' (le- 
neva, 1601. '.'i. *La IMffm^i des IVtnnnde* 
propos^cs aux Ministrea de Calvin, touchanl 
les blasphemes, etc., contre le libvUe de 



Hay 



2fi8 



Hay 



Jaques Pineton tie Ciiambrun, pr6dicitnc j^ 
Kisroes/ Lyons, I086, 8vo. 4. ' jyAntimoinii 
uux ItwponM* ijiie Th. dy B«*7.efaict i\ trenle 
Bejit I>emandeR de deiu centa et six, |»m- 
inw^es aux Mini^tn-a dT^aww,' Tournoii, 
ITiBB. Hayentillwi liin wfirk ' Antimtiine ' 
lietrause llcza had :uHitlttD|;Iy railed bim a 
monk. Hny edited the ' Bibliotheca Sancta ' 
of Histo dii Siena, Lyon:^, l.MH, fol.; nevpral 
times reprinted, niid tmn^Iated into Latin 
from Italian, ' I-ittono U. P. Alexandri Va- 
lipiano \'i8itatoris Sociotatia Jesu in Jap- 
ponia et China, scrijitip 10 Octohrid IwiMl, ad 
K. I*. Clnudium Ac|navivaeja*dem Societntii 
Prn?ponit:iini (leneralein . . .,' AnlwiTji, I<H^;i, 
12uiii; ' Japjionieiisis iinptirii admirabili^ 
conimntatin expiwita Htteris ad KHveren- 
dum admodum P. Claudiiim Aijuavivam ' 
fby Valentino Oarvajjlio, and dated from 
riaDgosachi, 25 I'eb. ItJOl], AntwoiT), ItiOl, 
8vo ; * Do Uebus Peruania Ilprerendi P. 
Dieglii de Torres, Socictatis Jusu PreHbyteri 
(^ommenlariuB . . .,' Atitwerp, IWI, 8vo. 
These three translations were reissued with 
other pieces in 'De Hebus Japoniris, Indieis. 
et Peruviiinis Kpistoln) recentinn'a . . .,' 
Antweq), KHKi, 8vo. A mannscriptby Hay, 
' llcllebonim Jnann; Serrano fde Serres] 
Cnlviniano,' was amonjj tlie archive* of ihe 
JBRuil.H at liorae in Hi7(i. ' 8<'holia Brevia 
111 Bibl. Sixti.* Lyons, is also ascribed to him, 
together with ' I'niversitatutn totim orbis 
el collegiorum omnium Societatis libeUns/ 
Toiimon,l*>80,ftvo, published with the name 
of Kranciflcufl Catinitis on the title-pnge. 

(Cot. of AdromteV Library, Ktilnburgh, iii. 
fl87 ; De Backer's Bibl. do la Compngnie de 
J^uA, ii. 114 : DofflpNter'n Hist. Ewl. Oenfi« Sco- 
torom (IG27), p. 361 : Dodds Chun-h Hist. ii. 
I3G ; Foley 'it KccnnU, \-ii. 347; SomhweH'ii 
Uibl. Scriptornm Ki»c. Je.*u, p. 459; St-otbert'a 
Cnthulic .Miaaion In Scolland, p. 364; Tunncr's 
Bibl. Hrit. p. 300.] T. C. 

HAY, Sir JOHN' (rf. 1654), of Lands and 
Bamh SifJttifh jnrlge, son of William Hoy, 
portioner nf Bnrni and commi.'iwnry of (Jlas- 
Uow frf. 16(W), by Margaret, ilnug-hter of Hny 
of Monlon, wasemploved wliiJea vervyoung 
niiin by the town of iMinburgh to pr^pan; u 
Ltttin oration of welcome in honour of King 
James VI (biw Mf/^rM* Welcome). Ifehpcamo 
town-clork of lidinbitrffh. At thobepinninp 
of ir».'iS he sueceedfd Sir John Hamilton f»f 
Magdalen bs lord clerk register, and ftlso as 
evtraordinjiry lord on H Jnn. Jle had beun a 
ataunrh supporter of prelacy, and this pro- 
motion wns probably obtained for bim by tlie 
Hrcbbi&bop f)f St. Andrewa. ( >n 7 .fun. ItWl 
be 8Uocec<led Sir liobert Spotiawood ss an 
ordinary lord. In September 1G37 h« was 
mode provost of Edinburgh against the wish 



of the townsmen, in order Chat be migfatiu^ 
port the new ser\'ice lx)ok. In this eaptatjr 

lie endeavoured to prevent the town froinpe 
titioning against t he ]irayer-l>ook, and a Bene 
of riots ensued with which Hay was quite un- 
able to cope. Shortly afterwards Hay, who 
liHd also »iipiK>rted t^e claims of the bi^h'ips 
to seats in the privy council, fled to England 
from the popular indignation and resigned all 
hi? ofliees ((jLtthbik, M^moirn, p.27 ; UsosTt, 
fjird Ad<-orateM of i^xttlnnd, I. HS). Eivf 
thousand jMrnnds was granted him by way of 
I'oiQiieiisaliou for this loss, with -UK)/, a rear 
until the principal sum should be paid.' In 
lti4l be returned with the king to Scotland, 
was charged with treason in pn:>moting dis- 
sension lietwccn the king and LEh subjecU, 
nndwaaimprisoned in lyiinburgb Castle from 
20 Aug. to 16 Nov., when bo was rele&Bod on 
Hndiiig security for his good behaviour. In 
January and February P>I2, ho, with Sir 
llobort Spotiawood, lonJ president, and othcn 
was trietl hy a parUamemarv eominitteet ba 
nothing beingproved against him he was lifa 
rated, although he and the lord president lo 
their oiKcea. After the trial the Scots pa 
liament referred the matter to the king,wl] 
in a letter from Winchester. :?4 Sept. 164S 
proniiunced Hay innocent- He joined Mttn* 
rftae and wa-s taken prisoner ot Pbiltpbaugl 
His life was saved (1*^ Si^pt. D5-15) bv tl 
intervention of the Earl of Lanark, to who 
he bad granted bis rents during bis lifetin: 
Ho then retired to Duddingstone, near Edia 
burgh, where he died I'O Nov. XtiTA. He left 
a large family. A grandiion, Richard Augus- 
tine Hay, is separately noticed. 

[Bruo'OD and llntg's Scontors of the Collcfitt 
of .fiuttit't-; MS. Memoirs of Fiither Hay, Ad " 
ci\tf.'fi' Librtry. Ediiibnrgh, pn. lUfl, 107; Bo 
of tk-denint ;" Acts Scots pHrl. v. 365, 4o3. 49 
Htr JaaiBB Ittitltiur'B AaniiU, ii. 193; Gafdine 
Hist, of KugUud. viii. 32U-4.] J. A. H. 

HAY. JOHN, second EARi.and first Mai 
Qt'is or TwEEODALR (lH20-!((97), eldest m 
of John, first earl of Tweeddale, by bis fin 
wife, Lady Jane Seton, daughter of Alexa 
der. first earl of Dunfermline, was bom 
1(J26. fhi the outbreak of the rivil war ^ 
England he joined the standiird of Charles] 
at Nottinglmm ( HV12). Dissatisfied. ho« 
ever, with CharleJt's attitude towarls the o 
venanters, heacc>epted the command of a reg 
ment in the army misieil by the Scots to resu 
the advance of Clinrles northwards. Wit 
tliU regiment he fitught against the king at" 
Mai-ston Moor(l(VI4). After the surrender 
of Chnrb's to the Scots, Hay joined the par 
for upholding the 'engagement/ and con 
manded the East Lothian regiment at 1' 
bat tie of Preston in the army raised on bel 



[ay 



269 



[ay 






of the king ( 1(H8). He wiis prcaent at the 
coronation ofClittrle." It «!. Scone in I0r>l . Suc- 
ceeding his Intbt^r iu 1654, Im was in tlie fol- 
lowinfT yearchosen rnt'mbfr for l-jist l^thinii. 
J]*^ fonoed one of the conrnitlteH cliosen to 
receiTB the nnswer of Cromwell to tlip peti- 
tion tliHt hf ith'mttl a.<.4um)?lhi}]iiiiig.shin. In 
th»" tittrlianiisnt which met in Lnndon tij Jan. 
1059 he Bat as one of thf» commissioners from 
Scotland. At the Restoration he wasfiwrom a 
privT councillor, but harinp opposed tlie nrt> I 

El topfiM sentence! ii^inst JumesGiithrie 1 
■.1, minister of Slirling, he wiw by tlio 
;':» order committed on 17 Sfpt. In thtt 
,stle of Idlinburgh { VVookow, iSaJTrrini/n »f 
i'knrr-h of iictttiand^ i. lilO). tie wrote 
l^uderdalo that he wfls Rtnick as with 
thunder bytht^ order for o)mmittal(/<fl«//<T- 
tiaU Paperit, x. 99-100), and after ftpolop-i»- 
ing to the king and petitioning the council, 
he on -1 Oct. received his liberty on a bond 
of 1,000/., but was ordered to confine himself 
to his own house under a penalty ( ^VoIlKo\v, 
i. 221 ; NiCHOi.T., Diary, p. 3441. fhe mis- 
uud^Rttandinf); between him and tbi> kiiifi 
waa soon removed. About May theronfine- 
meutwafi remitted, end in June 16i'>;t bo was 
cboaon president of the council. In January 
of the following year he was apjwinted one of 
a high commbidion *for the execution of the 
lAira in chnrch atfairs,* and on '2 June of the 
same year he was roadean extraordinary lortl 
of session. Not wit list and in|r the siil1i*ringA 
which his avowed Rynipatby with tint hrift had 
occuion^him,Tweeudalei)till soui^bt tomi" 
tigate iheseverity of the government towards 
~it> covenanters. lie chictlj aimed nt etfect- 
ig a compromise, and it war« in n great de- 
(TTCC due to him that the first indulgence waa 
granted in June l()0[), of which the mon; 

IBiodenite of the ejectt^l minit«ter» took ad- 
imntag)*. Ultimately he came into sharp 
l^nfliot with the Duke of Lauderdale. On 
|K) Nov. Iti73 Lauderdale wrote to (!harl<?fl 
thnt Tweeddrtle, * at first an underhand con- 
triver and eoun.-*ellor* ftgnin»t tlie policy of 
the gorernmeut, had *now vhown himself 
openly' iLaufferdah Papers, iii. 17). Karly 

' in 1H74 he was divmissed from his offices and 

^^U«^prive<l of his fieut in the privy council. 
^^pAner the downfall of l^iirhrrdale in UWOhe 
^^Tpvas restored to his office of commisAioner of 
the treuury. In June of this year he vraa 
^H^TDught iHifore the council because conven- 
^^KicleA bad l>een held in the town bani of In- 
^^^crkeithtng, of which he waa proprietor, but 
on hia showing that the * bam held buigage 
of the town* he waa assoilzied, and the pro- 
oontinaed against the magistrateii (AVod- 
BOW, iii. 196). On 11 May 1082 he, with 
Duke of Hamilton, was readmitted to 



, tigi 




the privy council (FoiSTAisitALL, 7/M/wn- 
cn/ S^oticfs, p. SM ), and the same month wom 
nameil com mis.-: ion er for trying the state of 
the coinage and mint {ib. p. 35r>). 

Chiefly on account of having become secu- 
rity in large sums for the Earl of Dunferm- 
line, Tweoddale in IfW8 found it necesKary tit 
part with his anee^lral estates in the county 
of Peeble.i. Ho remained in oflJce under 
James II, but disliked his Scottish policy. 
He took his stand from the beginning with 
the rf!volutionnn" party, and Bupjwrtcd Wil- 
liam of Orange. IliH moderution gained iho 
udbf-rencH rif many waveren*. In March lOHU 
he and the Karl of Leveii were deputetl by t he 
estates to presentto the I>ube 01 Uordou tht* 
order for the deliverance ^if llolyrood Castlo 
within twenty-four hours. The duke pro- 
mised that the cuatle should be surrcndeTi-d 
by ten o'clock on the following morning; 
and but for the arrival of Claverhouse ontlie 
scene the promise would have been fulfilled. 
On IHMay lOWilTwe^ddalewas sworn aprivy 
council Ictr under the new regime. On 7 Dec. 
following he wn.-t »p|M)inIe«.! a lord of thw 
treasury, and on fi Jan. l(i!>2 was const it utw! 
high chancellor of Scot land. 1 !o wni* create^l 
marquis by patent 17 l>ec. 1C114. He was 
appointtxl lord high comraissiouer to the par- 
liament which met at Kdinburph in 5Iny of 
the following year, when he anticipale^l the 
ju*tion which it was proposed to take in ro- 
fer»>nce to the massacre of Olencoe, by an- 
nouncing the appointment of a special com- 
mission to inquire into the matter. Tweeddalt* 
was one of the members ftf thnt comminsion, 
andhndtheditficult taskof indirectly influen- 
cingthcdcliberatiotisof parliament when the 
rciwrt came to he considered. It is supposed 
to have bt-^-n partly to divert the mind of the 
nation from the Gleiicoc blunder that Tweed- 
dale lent a willtngear to tho Parien schemes 
of Fatertton, the royal asaent to the Colonisa- 
tion Act being given by him on 20 June. 
The king, absent on thr continent, was igno- 
rant of whnt had been done in his name. 
When n violent clamour against the schcm*)* 
, arose in Kngland, he expressed dissatisfaction 
with Tweeddale's conduct and dismL«Aedhim 
in 1 lUMi from the olUce of chancellor Tweed- 
dale died on 1 1 .\\tg. of the following year. 

By his wife Ijidy Jean Scott, daugliter of 
Waiter, first earl of IJuccleuch. Iu- had seven 
sons and two daughters, viz. John, second 
marquis of Tweeddale [ij. vj; Francis, who 
die<l young; Lord IMvtd itay of Helton; 
Charles Hay, who died young; I^rd Alex- 
ander Ilay of Spott, Haddingtonshire; IjotiI 
Ciilbert; I^ord William; Lady Margaret, mar- 
ried to Kobert, third earl of Koxburghe ; and 
Lady Jean married to William, first earl of 



A 



Hay 



270 



lav 



Xuvli. II' not oni' nf tbn ablt^st, Tvt-t*«Hl(lB.1t< 
^iraannHnrtliHinoAt honourable and Atmiglit- 
fonvnrdslalesmen of Iii» time. He had not 
alwHY» tUi9 oourn^o of his opinionn, but his 
opinions vrcro jialrioric ftnd r^nligfau^ned.and 
ho usually gove good advico. 

[Wo<In>w'» Stifffrinfis of Church of Si.»otIiind; 
Ijiuilerdalti Piipem (t'linidtin Aht.) ; BalcarrM 
Mcinoirt* nnil L«v^n and Mi-lrlII« I^ac-erfi (both 
Kttumiiyao Club) ; Fountainhall'n Uiat. Notic«»; 
Burnrt's Own Time; Doix^lns'sScoHish Peani|{e, 
«d. Wood. ii. 608-10; t'niwfunl'B Officere of 
bUtu, pp. 23<>-9 : Ilaigand Ilninton'fl SoQMtors 
of theColIfgeof Justice, pp.a8«-fi] T. P. H. 

HAY, LoRp JOHX (</. 1700), brlKiiditT- 
gcneral, colonel royal Scots draaroons, now 
royol Scots greys, second »on of John lIuT, 8^ 
coud marquis ol'Tweixldale [*l-v.],hy bts wif« 
Lady Anno Malt land, only child of the Duke 
of Laitdvrdale, enlen»<l the army in tliy Scots 
dr^joons, ninw famnun as the ScoIj* greys; 
bwaine liimtcnant-cidonel of tlic regiment; 
and (TuroinandL'd it in the camjuiigm under 
Marlborough in I"0i*-.3. He becamo colonel 
of the regiment by purchn^^in 1701, and was 
made a brigadicr-geucml. Under his cotn- 
nmiid thcgrej*a,the royal Sooliisli dragoona, 
or Scots regiment of white horses, aa they 
were aometimea called, greatly diatinguiaheil 
tbemselvett in the Kucoeeding campaigns, pat^ 
ticularly at Schellonberg, where (hey were 
dismounted, and helped to storm the heights 
on foot, and at Uamillie*, when* they took 
prisonera the famous French rfgiraent du 
Koi. and, according to tradition, won the 
distinction of wearing grenadiers' caps since 
enjoyed by the regiment. Hay married. 
first, Lady Mary DaUell, only daughter of 
Jamea, fourth earl of Camwath, by l^dy 
Mary Selon (Afdebsox. iii. ^HU) ; secondly, 
Klieabeth, daughter of Sir Charles Orreby or 
<^rl>y, hart., of Crowland, Lincolnshire; she 
aurvive<l him, and remarrie*! Slajor-general 
Robert Hunter fq. v.] Hay died of a lin- 
gering fever at Courtraif lo Aug. 1706, *to 
the regret of the whole army.' 

[ Andemoti'i) ScrttliKh Nation, u nder ' Tirotddale,* 
iii. 689 : Caatioo'a Hist Royal North Brit, 
Dragoons or Scuta Greys; Uarlb.Dwp. iii. lOfi, 
177] H. M. C. 

H AY, JOHN, second MARuns of Tivebi>- 
DALB (l*>46 1713), eldest son of John, 6r8t 
marquis [q.v.l, by his wife Lady Jean Scott, 
daughter of Walter, first earl of liiicclruch, 
was bom in 1*545. Oii-VrgTr'U'sinvaxionofStrot- 
land in 1(18.5, he was niiiiointed eolonelof the 
newly raised East Lotfiuin n'gime nt. Adher- 
ing with his father itithe revolution in 1080, 
hewa? chosen a privy councillor of Williom 
andMar>% and appointed sheriff of Hndding- 
oa. He8ucceedeahis£iitherinl0@7,and waa 



continui^^ a privy councillor under Qut-eni 
Anne, For a time he joined the Ouke 1 * 
Hamittonasjoiut leoderofthe uattonal pany^ 
but, after some prix-ute negoiint inns with ih 
English government , wa*> appointed higheom^l 
missioner to the Scott i.«h parliament which 1 
met in August 17(}L The compromlM rt^- 
Bulted in the passing by the parliament of 
the Act of Security. It waa supposed thatj 
Tw«>t*ddalc and others were influenc(*dtosQD 
extent in their policy by p<'r«onal consider 
t ions, but LockbftrtgivesTwewldaletheCTvdll 
of being the 'least ill-meaning man of 
party either through inclination or capacitj 
ira'prrA, i. 97). On the IHth of tho follov^ 
ing October Twceddale was made lord big 
chancellor tn room of the Karl of Seaficti 
who wa«, however, reiaslntod in office on tl 
9th of March following. On his removal frx 
otiice Tweeddale became the head of the j 
known as the f^ua^rfiine votantf^ from tfa 
independent attitude Ihev aAsiimed. Cnti 
almoat the last moment ttiis party remaino 
silent as to their attitude towardd the unim 
but after voting in favour of it on the tic 
division, they were its constant and zealoti 
advocates until the mensuro wa-s succe.s 
fully carried thrnugh. On 13 Feb. 17( 
Tweeddale was chosen one of the sixteen 
Scotlisb representative peers. He died on 
^ April 1713. M achy, who desM-ribes htm 
as a 'shert brown man,' states that lie was_ 
' a great encourager and promoter of trad 
and of lliH welfare of bis country.' He al 
refers to him as Imth sensible and modes 
and, though hot when much piqued, a ma 
of honour. By his wife Ladv Anne Mait 
land, only child of the Duke of Lauderdale, hi 
hail three eons and two daughters; Charle 
third marquis, father of John, fourth mar 
quia [q.T.],and of Lord Charles Havrqv.]:^ 
Lord John (rf. 1706) fq. v.]; Lord 'Will 
Hnv of N'ewhall; Lady Anne, third wif 
William, eleventh lord Ross; and Ijidl 
Jean, married to John, eighth carl of Unthe 

[Lockhort Papers; Burnet '5 Own Time ; Jcr 
woiwi (Torrespondenc* (Biinimtvne ChiS) ; Cald 
WfllP»pers(Mrtitland(.'lul.): Mar>?hmont Paper 
c»l.R>jae; Macky's Secret Memoirs; Dougla 
Seottijh Peerage (Wood), ii. 610 ; Crawfn 
Officors uf Stnt«, pp. 246->6 ; Haig and Bnutoalj 
Senatom of the Colloge of jastiee, pp.477-S.1 

T. F. H. 

HAT, JOHX, titular Eari. op Ixvkrt 
(ltKH-1740). Jacohitecolonel, bom in ItiSlj 
was third son of Tliomas, sixth earl of Kii 
noull. by his wife Elizabeth, only daught 
of Witliant, first viftcontttSlrathallan, Geo 
Hay. seventh carl of Kinnoull [q. v.], wa« 
eldest brother. Shortly bcforv the death 
Queen Anne he bought a company in the fool 



, ailli 



guards (SiNCLATB, Memoirs, p. 4^>, lie was 
yrivy to tbcpoUtical schemea of his brother- 
in-law the Earl of Mar [sec Ehukise, John, I 
aixlh or eleventh Eari.op Mak, 1675-I7-1:J], ! 
•dU BCCom|HUued hitu when her^e^ oiitindU- i 

fuloe in tho cjhiI ahip from Gravcsend to Klie, i 
'ifoshire, in 171^» to hi'iid the insurrection in i 
bahulfoftheChefalieritiSeolIaud. Foratime ' 
lu' acted as Slar's right-hand man. lie was 
i^ent by him to nHer Athollin tbf*C'hevaher's 
name the command of the army under the 
lliikeofBerwicIi, but Atholl.havingaKpi'cinl 
distaste t>f tbt' mr'ssenger, 'who liad been 
Mnr'pi tool during tbolory niini«tr)' In makiiitif 
«n intftvst apiinat iiim in the elect ion lo tht- 
iihireof Perth ' {tit. p. .'W ), deolinwl rbe offered 
bait. On llSept. Hay, withadcraehmcntof 
two hundred men, took pofwciwion of Perth, 
And foui' days Utttr was appointed bv Mar 
jrovomorof thecity. Hay's select inu (or this 
(UHicult post caused much misgiving among 
' p Chevalier's supporters, for be was totally 

Mtitutu of militarju-xiferience. niscapacity 

waM lint, however, put to tin* test. Perth 
nh'irlly afttTWarJii (MKrame the lieadijuarters 
of the rebels, and I lay was dt'Sput ch(.>d by 
Mar to France, to rejwrt as to the progress 
of the cause, to solicit assistance, and to ad- 
vise the immediate detwrture of the CIievalitT 
for Scotland. On bi» return he was made 
brigadier-general and majter of hone to the 
Chevalier. Afterthe collapse of the rebellion 
Hay suffered forfeiture by act of parliament, 
nnd joined the e.xiled court at St. (Turmaius. 
Kvea before the cb^^) of the expedition he had 
«hown distrust of Mar, and hm 8e«:ret revela- 
iona in regard to Mar's subs^iuent perfidy 
"ere doubtless cbieHv resiionaible for iMor's 
tsa of the Chevaliers ci>niidence. In 1723 
ny was despatched on a mission to I5ni!WM'!s, 
here he haa a special interview with Bishop 
tterbury [q. v.] Ne.xt year liny succeeded 
.ar as secretary, but, according to Alter- 
ry, be cousent-^^d with the utmost reluc- 
Bce to be oflicially appointed to the office, 
or todischarge tlip duties wnnanently. Ho 
Wft«, however, publicly declanxl WTretary 
1 March 172-'}, iimlfrt'ated Earl of Inverness 
Lockhart Papers, ii. 149). The appointment 
FBS displeasing to the Chevaliers wife, who 
lomplnint'd of the treatment accorded her 
.y *Mr. Hay and his lady' (ib. p. 2tfe); and 
In Nnvoml)er she threatened to retire to a 
nvent unless Hov was disznisaed. It waa 
nerally supposed that she was secretly 
.rtigated by Mar, but it was also niraoun'd 
;Lat she TSds jealous ttf Hay's wifi*. This 
idy. Marjorv.thinl daughter of David, fifth 
•i*count of .'^toruionl. is deficribed by Lock- 
liart as ' a mere oo(]uet, tolerably handsome, 
but withal prodig^iuusly vain and arrogant.' 



I^ocbhart:, however, aflirms that there was 
no real ground forjealouay. Ultimately llay 
was removetl fnim office in April 172^, ani 
although Sir John (iraham, a creature of 
his own, was appointed in his stead, heceaaed 
to inHuence tho prince's affairs. There is no 
reason to suspect htmof any duplicity parallel 
to that of Mar, and there is inhiTent impro- 
bability in the story which credits him with 
revealing to the English government some 
ciphered correspondence. Jiut he possessed 
fewqualifu-ationsfortheoirice to which he had 
Ix'cn pn)mnted,oiid probably unwittingly did 
as much to dama^ the .larobite caus«? us Mnr 
(lid. He is described by Lockhart as 'acun- 
ning, false, avaricious creature, of very ordi- 
nary p&rt.<i, cultivated by no sort of literature, 
altogether void ofexnerieneein business' (li. 
p. 340). He died without issue in 1740. 

f Sinclair's Memoirs (Abbotsford Club); Stiiart 
Papers; Lockhart Papers; Bisliop Atterbury*!* 
Correspondence ; Pedignw of th« Family of Hay. 
1841; Dougloa's Scottish Peerage (Wood), ii. 
■18.] T. F. H. 

HAY, -TOHX, fourth MARtims okTwbed- 
nAi,K(,rf. 1702), was eldest son of Charles, 
third niarquix, studied law in Edinburgh, 
succeeiledas fourth marquis in 1715, and was 
on 7 March 1721 appointed an extraordiDsry 
loTxl of *c»si*tn. In 1722 he was chosen one 
of the sixteen representative peers for Scot- 
land, and was re-elected in 1727. Uo at- 
tache<l himself to Ijord Carteret, and was 
not re-elected either in I7;i7 or 1741, but 
was nHunied in 1742, and again in 1747, 
17o2, anrl ]7til. On th« resignation of Sir 
Rolxi-rt \Vnl|>ole in February 1742 he joined 
Lord Wilmington's administration as prin- 
cipal secretary of state for Scotland, lie re- 
signed the oftice in January 174'i, when it 
was abolished. With his death the office of 
extraordinary lord of sewion also came to an 
end. He was for some time principal keeper 
of bis majesty's signet. In 17*il he was ap- 
pointed lord justice-general, and was in the 
same yeor made a govpmor of the Bank of 
Scotland. lie ditMl tn London on 9 Sept. 
1702, and in accordance with directions given 
in his will was privately buried at Voster iu 
East Lothian. Hy him the estate of Yester 
wasgrcatly improved, particularly in the way 
of enclosing lields and planting trees, and 
towards the rlow of the eighteenth century 
the estate contained someuf the Huest timber 
in Scotland. He niarrie<l,24 May 174*^, Lady 
Frances, daughter of .lohn Carteret, earl 
(jranville, and thi^y had a family of two sons 
and four daughters. 

[Scots 3{a{r»zin« ; Fimt SfAtisticnl AorounI of 
Scotland, 1716; Keflit-ter of Soaioes ia 0«tientl 
Rcgisttr House, Hdiaburgh.] J. T. 



Hay 



27J 



Hay 



HAY, Lord JOIIX (1793-1851), rear- 
aJiuiral. third son of George, wventh manju'rs 
uf TwtMHMttlf. wiw bum on 1 Arril 1 793. In 
DcCt-mbtT IW»4 hv waa nomininly eDlen**! tjn 
boanl thui Monarch, Lord Keith's flap-^hip in 
the Vovrnn. I(« t» dtsscribed as b«loiiLMn^ in 
i>ucL'e«sion to suvpralothprshipitnn th^ homu 
station; hiiL it sectna pn>bahV thnt h<> did 
not pentonallv enli-r the service till Dcct-mber 
IHW), when he joinod the Sea-horse of 42 
giin«, going to the Sledttorranean. In her 
fie conlinufd till Jane 181!, and saw much 
iictivoflervice, losing hi* left arm in a cutting^- 
ont expedition in HyiTM ilonrls in 18<17,«nd 
flharing in the capture of a Turkish ship of 
ri-Jpiinson 5 July 1808. On 1 April 1812 
ho WA» raadt) lientt>mint,and in June wfu^ ap- 
pointod to tilt) Viijuo, in wliicli h«? went to 
the West Indict) ; on 'M Mmv 1814 ho was 
tniiufcrred to the Vonumble. cArrying iho 
flftg of Sir Pbtlip Durham, and from her was 
promoted on lo June to thdrankof com- 
mander. In November he wiu appointed to 
the Hustard at Lisbon, and in thn fnilowing 
year comraissionetl the 0]K)ssiim of 10 puns, 
which he c*uniinan<]ed in the Chaniit>l iiud on 
the Halifiix station till AufjUHt 1818. On 
7 Dec. he wm promoted to be captain ; he 
waa member of porliamont for TIaddington 
lH:J6-.'tO, but had no employment afloat till 
.September lH8i\ when he was appointed to 
the Ca.'^tor frigate. In NovemVr 1836 he was 
transferred lo the Phoenix, and in March 1837 
to the North Star, which he jwiidolf in 1840. 
For a great part of this time he was employed 
oa (-iiminHniifr of a Hmall i4(]uadn)n on the 
norllicoasi of Spain during the tTvil war, and 
waa frt'^uenlly lauded in command of a naval 
ond marine brigade. In acknowledgment uf 
hiA servicer, espociallv at the siege of Bilbao, 
he roceivod the CB.,' 17 Feb. 1K:}7, ond the 
grand crosw of Charles Til. I'nmi August 
18-H to October 1813 Hay commanded the 
Wawpitc of 50 guns on the J^orth American 
andWeat Indian station; in \SUj he was for 
A few monthfl acting as BUperintendent of 
"Woolwich dockyard; in IK47 ho was re- 
turned to parliament a^ member for Windsor, 
and fnim 1847 to 1 8&0 was one of ( he lords of 
the admiralty. On 9 Feb. 18."i0 he waa ap- 
pointed commodore-superintendent of Devnn- 
|iort dockyard, where he still was at the time 
of his death on 9 Sept. ISril, two days after 
he had hoiste<l his flag as rear-admiral on 
board the St. George, lie marra-d in 1816 
Hory Anne, eldest daughter of Donald Came- 
ron of Lochiul, but left no i8:4ue. 

IMarnhall's Hoy, Nav. Hiog. viii. {Suppl. 
pt. iv.) 202; OlJyrne's Nav. Biog. Diet.: I'nited 
Scrrice Mag. 1851, pt. iii. p. 319: Fostcr'a Povr- 

».J J. K. L. 



HAY. LUCY. CoDTTTESs or CAiti.iK 

{lo99-1660>, was the second daughter 
Henry Percy, ninth earl of NorthnmlM:rlaD<),l 
by Dorothy, widow uf .SirThomas iVrrot.tad 
ilaughter of Walter Devereux, earl of Ei^c^ 
(CoLUSS, Perr/ifff, ed. Brydges, ii. 515). rl^ha 
wa.* bom in ISIW, and married on 6 Nor-] 
1617 James Hay [ti. v.], then Lord Hav oj 
Sawley. afterward^ Karl of Carlisle (16.) 'Tlia 
match waa extremely distojileful to the Kai' 
of Northumberland ; he was a Percy, he said 
*and could not endure that hiii liaughtf 
should dance any Scotch jigs.' He kej 
her for some timy with him in the TowerJ 
wher«» he was then a prisoner, but faileq 
to conquer her affect iun for Hay (Cfxflj 
and Tiiiu-Jt of Jame» /, i. 4.VJ, ii, 20, i*7, 50> 
Hay is said to have procured Nnrthumbt* 
land's release from the Tower, in order ifl 
gain bis approval of the marriage, but tlmil 
release diu not take place till ItiiM (.VRTnra 
WiLBOX, llUtory uf Grmt Bntaine^ p. l;«l>3 
Tlie beauty and wit of Ijidy Carlisle i;avu h»'r 
a brilliant pcwiticm in tht* court of Charles I,_ 
All the poeta of tlie perioil sang her pratS(-'« 
Cartwrlght's poemn o[h*u with * A Panegrrifl 
totheMost Noble Lucy,Count«Hia of Cttflwle^ 
(ed. 1661, p. 18^); Oarewaddrr^^sen her under] 
the nameof Lucinda f /^r>}air,e<l. Hnxtilt.pp^ 
41, 117) ; Herrick celebrates in his * Wm-^ 
ridtts' ' a black twist roundinir the arm of thdi 
Cotintees of Carlisle,' and slie is the Aubjecl 
of a l)y no moaiiH plattmie dialogue betwt>eai_ 
Carew and Suckling i.SrcKLl.'su, Poem*, t-dj 
Hailitt, n. 29j. Fltith D'Avenant and Wallrt 
addressed consolatory ven*es to her upon tha 
death of her hasband in 1636. Sir Tr>b 
Matthew in liis proae character of the cour 
less wrote: *Her wit being most eminent 
among the rest of her great abilities, ahi* af-j 
fects the conversation of the pi-rsons whoar 
most famed for it.' A mention of Matlhew*4 
character in Straflurd's 'Letters' (ii. I4«^ 
149) rfiows that it was circulated in raanu- 
acript in 1637. Allnsion is alao made to ie 
in Suckling's ' Session of the Poets,' c^tanzjia' 
15, 16. It was first prinled in 166() in • A 
Collection of Letters made bv Sir Tobyj 
Matthew,* published after his <\eath by DrJ 
John Donne, and dedicated to Lady Carlisle!! 

To the admiraticm of wita and couniep_ 
Lady Carlisle addwl the confidence of ths 
queen. Karly in the ndgn she had guin*^! 
the queen's heart more than any ot her of \ ht»l 
ladies around her, and it was reported that. 
she had taught her to pain I ( VtiL State Paprr^^ 
Dom. 101*8-9, p. 81 ). In JH-J8 an attack of J 
small-pox endangered lu-r life and plunge<ir 
the court in gloom ; but though she was f»rl 
some littletime afterwards cumpidled toweai 
a mask it dues not appear to have oeriousU 









unpaired litr b<>auty {ih. p. 343; Churt and 
Thtwn i>f i^karleit I, \. 88S). Her popularity 
tUe court and her power over the queen 
wTvd T^ady Carlisle a Urge amount of 
political influcncfl. Her famous friendship 
with Stmflbrd was partly Iwied on StrafTord a 
need of an ally near the queen. * I judge 
her ladyship very considerable,' wrote Straf- 
ford to I^aud in Ifi^JT ; 'she is often in place 
and extremely well skilled how tospcak with 
advantairn and spirit for tfao«ie fnendfi she 
profexseth unto, which will nnt he many. 
Tlu-re is this further in her disposition, she 
will not S4>em to bt* the person she is not, 
an iagennity I haro always observed and 
honoured herfor*(SrRAn'ORi»,Zf?/rrx,ii. 120). 
On the eve nf his impeachment ho wrote to 
Radcliffe: ' For love of (^hrisl take orderthat 
all the money due to my l^aily Carlisle be 
iMiid before Christmas, for a nnbler nor more 
inli'llip'nt friemhihip did I nrver mttet with 
in my Ufr ' ( WiiiTAKF.it, Life i>f Sir G. Had' 
rtiffe, p. 'l-2\). After Stratford's death Lady 
Carlisle allied herwlf for a time with the 
leaders of the opposition. ' She changed her 
gallant from Strafford to Pym, and was be- 
come such a she-saint that she fre(|uente<l 
their scrrocms and (o(»k notes' (*l/rm/(»>ji of 
~'r Philip Warwick^ p. 201). Clarenilon 
mneels this defection with that of the Earl 
of Holland, and fixe^ it in the autumn of 
1*W1. * Wliothor he seduced or was Reduced, 
iheJjadv Carl iulp, with whom he always held 
a strict friendship, withdrew herself from her 
attendance up<m the queen, communicated 
rU she knew, and more, of the nutured and 
dispositions of the kinp and queen; and after 
she had a i»hort lime murmured for the detith 
of the Karl of Strafford, renounced all future 
devotion for thos«f who would, but ct)uld 
not protect him' (Clarendon, Rebellion, M. 
Macray, iv. 78 n.) Her conduct is certainly 
not freo from the stain of treachery. At one 
time she commamctted to the queen a paper 
v^hich she had received from Lord Mande- 
TiUei, at another she reported to Holland 
some unguarded words UAed by the queen 
fLetter of Sir E. Nicholas, Kveltn, Diary, 
ed. Whcatlpy, iv.92; Cl..\KKsaoN, itehrllion, 
i*v. 14). Her most eminent ser^'ice to the 
ipular partv consisted in the warning she 
ve of the king's intended arrest of the five 
lembers. * t shall never forget,' said llesil- 
' the kindness of that great lady, the 
Ijidy Corlisle, that gave timely Dotice ' (BPK- 
TOTf, Diary, iii. 98). 

During the lattt^r part of the civil war she 
was deep in thecouncilMuf the little partvof 
istocrutie pre^bylerians, who, though they 
d takt'U up arms against the king, were 
ab<}vn all things anxious to precerro the 

VOL. XX T. 



eo. 

^^taen 
^Hvige 



^Kui 



monarchy and eager to come to terms with 
ClmrlwH. ^\^IeIl the array impifaeluHl eleven 
leading presbyteriaiis in July 1(U7, one of 
the charges against them wa.i the contrivance 
of secret cabals at the hou.^c of tlie Countess 
of Carlisle (Old J'arliammfnri/ Uistonj, xvi. 
7-1, 1"21 ). In the preparation of the secoud 
civil war the Countess of Carlisle was again 
active. She had the confidence of the presby- 
lerian kmders. and was once more tnisted by 
themieen. When Prince Charles blockadetl 
the Thames .-the .sent him secn^t messages by 
Mr. Low, who wos employed by the city to 
negotiate for the restoration of t ho ships token 
by the prince. She pawned her pearl neck- 
lace for 1,500/., in order to raise money for 
the equipment of the Karl nf I Itdland'a forces 
(Clakendox, Hebellion, xi. Oo, 13"). She 
corresptjnded with Lauderdale, and acted aa 
intermediary l»'twet>n Hamilton and Lauder- 
<]ale in Scotland and Holland, and his party 
in Engluml {Hamilton Pnuen, Camdeu So- 
ciety, pp. 'Hi'l, 205; see aW the letters de- 
ciph'jred by Dr. John Willis, and presented 
by him to the Bodleian Library). In conse- 
quence of these intrigues, which seem to have 
Wen brought to light during HamiltonV trial. 
Lady Carlisle waa arrested by Colon^^l Harri- 
son on 15 March HUO, and committed by the 
council of fttate to the Tower, where she re- 
mained for about eighteen montbs (Sydttey 
Paprnt, ed. Blencowe, p. 71 ). ' The Countess 
of Carlisle,' says a royolLst news-lotterofMay 
1*549, * hath been again shown the rack ; but 
eho desires them not to hurt her, for she is 
a woman and cannot endxire pain, but she 
will confess wliatsoever they will have her' 
( C,\ RTK, Oriyinal Utter*, i. L'8ti ). On L'.") Sept. 
Ui-W ihe council of »t^t« ordereil ber ndeaso 
for two months on bail, and on S March 
lO'll-a her bonds were ordered to be can- 
celled, and she wa£ restored to full liberty 
( ViU. State Papers, Dom. IrtSO p. 306, 1651- 
16o2 p. 167). This experience did not alto- 
gether cure Lady Carlisle nf her laate for 
political intrigues, but ber influence among 
the royalists seems to have been diminished, 
especially aftpr Hvde beeanie the chief ad- 
viscr of Charles 11. Nit-holas, writing tn 
Hyde in 1(V'>4, oppa-sed the employment of 
Lord Percy largely, on the ground nf bis sis- 
ter's unlnijitworthiness. * He will discover 
all things that nro communicati'd to him to 
hu* dear and virtuous sister Carlisle, who bos 
been, through the whole story of his lat« 
majesty's misfortunes, a very nemicious in- 
tftrument, and she will assuredly discover all 
tilings to her gang of pPMbyterians, who 
Lave ever betraye<V all they know to tlie 
ruling rebels' (CaA (Horetuton Paprrn^ ii. 
334). She was very busy in Fehnmrj- ItJCO. 




Hay 



»74 



Hay 



. larldfiU Baron, in u li'llcr lo Hyde, rom- 
plaiDJ) of her iuiriguca, concluding: ' What- 
' mer Lady Carlisle hmrs she inmiedmtely 
tells her iiepliewfi. I^rd Lisle and Algvraon 
Sidney, nnd is still Sompronia' (Clarmdmi 
J^rtprrit, iii. 681 ). Ijidv (Tarlislp was in truth 
very Uko Spmiironiu, * t up preut stnteiovomau ' 
of Jouson's 'I'otiliiic' 'She ffll a woman's 
pride in attroctioK I*) hvT tlie Klnaiia; headfi 
by which the world was rulfd,' and wujrbl 
to iuspirt> state«incn and guide ftveuta (i»AR- 
DJXL'R, Ilixton/, ix. 8<i). Scandal mongers 
have hinted that, sht^ wa-t the mintres« of 



8. * Under the Will, and other Tales/ 3 rola, 
1878. 9. 'For her dear Saltt*/ 3 voU. 

1880. lO.'Miasing! andotherTalea/S vol*. 

1881. 11. 'Porothy'a Veuiart'/;! voIb. iSftl. 
12. 'Bid mc Discoitrse, and olher Tales/ 
S vols. 1883, 13. * Ix-ster's Secret,' 3 voU. 
ISS.**. Tliauffh prostrated by b tonuiing 
malatly for the latit sixteen month* of her 
life, Mi.<4» llav vvoa ubiH to cnrrvct tfai- pmo& 
of iinotliorcolleclion nf fiction published pos- 
thumously as *A Wiclied *nrl, nnd other 
Tftliw,' K vols. 188(S. 



,. _ , , , ^ . , ,. . I (SomtTMjt Bouse Register of Deaths, SrtJlria- 
Stmfford and Bym, hut witli little prohtt- | ber 1886. vol. 2 A. j.. 2.;3; KoIJy's I\wt. offic* 
hility. 'She cannot love in earnest/savs Toby '^- - ... . — 



lity. 
Matthew, 'so contenting herself tojilay with 
Love ait with u child. ?inturuUy sluj hutli no 
pa^iou ut all.' 

The eimntese dit^l euddenly on •'i Nov. 1660 
ttf apoplexy, and was hurled at Pelworlh 
I Bliincowi:, .St/fi/tft/ Vaf}cr% p. lOl ). Vou- 
dyck pointed w^verul portmita of her; one 
i^i lit AVindsor, uuother at retworlh,athird, 
repreaenting also her sister Dorothy, countess 
of Leicester, VfM in the poaaession of l^ord 
Waldegiuve. Knirravinfra of these appear in 
Lodge's * I'ortraitH,' and in Lt>mhnrt s series 
of eng^ravings frt)ni Vandyck. A lint is givun 
ill tli<^ ojitHloeue of the Sutherland collection 
in the Bodleian Library, i. 12C. 

[Aolhorilicsqnoted; T*oilgo'» PortmilB ; I>\dy 
Carlisle's Letter* in Collins's Sydney Papers and 
among the Doiiieottc Slate I*a[ieni.] C. U. >*. 

HAY, 5LVRY CKCIL (1840P-18e6), 
novelist, born in 1840 or 1841, was the 
daughter of Thomaa William Hay, watch 
and cloek luakpr, of Market Square, Shrews- 
bury, and Cwiliii his wife. Manv years after 
her father's death she remiivtwl, with her 
mother and two sisters, toCbiswick, MiddUv 
sex, but settled ultimately at Ea^i Preston, 
near AVorlliinp, Sussex, where she died on 
24 July 1880, nged 45. She was buried on the 
29lli in Highcato c»"metery. Her novels 
■wore nearly all brought out seriallv in the 
first in.itance, and, tliough succetiHAd here, 
were far more popular in America and Auw- 
tnilia. Her best-known novel, '4Hd Myddel- 
ton's .Money/3 vols., appeared in 1874 ( 1 vol. 
187''»). Her other boohsare : L *Kate'.sICn- 
gagement,'1873 (*BGlgTavia,'2nd ser. x.3r3- 
3921. 2. 'Hidden Perils.' 3 vids. I873(l vol. 
1^7.')). 3. * Victor and Vawimshed,' 3 vols. 
1874 (1 vol. 1875), appeared originally as 
* liendered a llecomp*'nse.' 4. • Tbe Squire's 
Legni v.'StoK lS7fi( 1 vol. I87fl>. 5. 'Brenda 
Yorke [previously entitled 'Known by it« 
Fruit'], and other Talwi,' 3 vols. 1875. 
IJ. •Nora's Love Tost,' 3 vole. lK76 (1 vol. 
1878). 7. *Tlic Arundel Motto/ IS"". 



I Direeiory for Shrop*h»re, 1856. 1863; 
nnd Courtney's Hibl. Ciiraab. iii. 12S5; Ath»- 



B<MM 



uaeum, 7 Aug. 18a&, p. 176.] 



G. G. 



HAY, BIClLinDAUGrSTrXEclOOl- 

1736P), Scottish priest and antiquary, bom 
at Edinburgh on 10 Aug. lO'Hl, was second 
son of Captain GeoiyeHiiy ininth mm of Sir 
John Hny uj. v.] of Barra, lord clerk rugirter 
of Scotland), by his wife Jean, daughter of 
Sir Henry Spoliswood, high sberiiTof Dublin, 
and gentleman of the green rtoth. He waa 
baptised in the Tron Church bv William 
Annan, CD., afterwards dean of l^linburgh ; 
wasbrouffht up at Innerleithen, Dy^art, and 
Foord with Ilia cousins, and was afterward* 
M'nt to schools at Kdinburgh, Dalkeith, and 
Traquire. Ili« fulherdied when he waa about 
five years old, and his mot her soon afterward} 
married Jame« Sinclair of Roe*lyn, ' from 
which time he wiis tos^'d up und ditwn till 
at Ufit he was sent to Fmuce ftliout 1073 or 
1674, and there thrust into the Sc»^>t6 Col- 
ledge.' He pursued his grammatiml cour^^e 
in the college of Navarre at Paris. After 
four years he withdrew lo C'hartres, and 
settled as n pensioner in St. Charon's ahbcy 
of canons regular near that city, where he 
completed his education in rfietoric. He 
took the habit of a canon regidar at Saiut*-- 
(lenevieve's at Paris un 25 Xnn. 1678, and 
uuide his vows on 3 Sept. 1679. He wa» 
immediutelysent toSaint-Jacquesde Provins, 
when' he resided two years, receiving the ton- 
sun' and the four miniir orders in October 
10t*0. Next he proceedeil t*) Brittany, and 
studied philosophy and divinity in theabbev 
of Saint-Pierre de Kill6,ncarFougen's, whero 
he was ordained subdeacon and dt^ucon in 
SeptemluT 1(W3. He then i-etiimed to Thar- 
tre-s to teach I lie third school. and there hewa« 
ordained prieiit on 22 Sept. I(i8'>. The abbot of 
Sainte-Genevieve granted liim a commif^sion 
ou 7 Sept. ]4}8t> for e^tabtirihing the canons re- 
gular in LDcland and Scotland. He left ParU 
next day, ' tnanging to sie the smoak of hia 
own couiUre\.* Having kissed Jooies Il'a 



Hay 



275 



Hay 



hnnds at WindBor, he jtrixwedetl to Leith. 
Hig clforts to est&blUli His order in Scotland 
wer*" fnistmted by the revoliilion. He was 
ordered to leave the kingdumfimd the council 
of state made him give » bond in a thousand 
marks Scots that be would not gfo to England 
or Ireland, nor return to Scotland, lie landed 
at Punkirk on •"> Juno (N\S.) 1089, and pro- 
ceeded tfl Paris. On 9 Ko%'. the name year 
liewas made sub-prior of H&rivaux, on 1 1 Auf*. 
}ti9'2 sub-prior of Ejaomes, on 1 Aup. 16SW 
prinr of BRmicourt in ('ham|i«pnc', and on 

1^1 Jan. HtV»-t-.'i prior of St.-Pierromont-en- 
onne. 

^ Lt a laf-«r date he returned to Scotland, 

"fipit-in \7\\}, while residiog in Edinburgh, 
SMiied propffsals for printing the ' Scottchro- 
nieou * of John do I'ordun [q> v.] His lat- 
ter days were embittered by poverty, and he 
died in the Cowgate, Edinborgb, in 1735 or 
1736. 

Hie works are: 1. * Descriptio Scoti» 
IiBtorico-GeofiT«l'hica,* 1 BOH, manuscript, 

■??. A letter in Vrenrh to the Duke of Perth, 
dattMl 4 Sept. I7J-'», appendwl to a * Ke- 
noiise de Aialhifu KeuuKly,' Parid, 1715, 
8vo. 3. ' Projiosols for printing the Chro- 
nicle of John Fordun, with the additions 
and continuation of Walter Bowmaker/ 
H^inburgh, 1711}, 4. 'Origine of the Hoval 
Family of thti Stewarts; in answer to l)r. 
Kennedy's . . . Diiisertntion/ &c., with an 
appendix of charters, Edinburgh, \7'J'2 and 
l/l>3, 4to. •'». * Vindication of Elizabeth 
More from being a concubine, and her chil- 
dren from the tache of bastardy, confuting 
the critical ob»er\'ations of the publisher of 
the Carta Authentica, and of some other late 
writers,' Edinburgh. 1723, 4to ; dedicated to 
President Dalrymple ; reprinted in Robert 
Buchanan's * Scotia itedivira, ' Edinburgh, 
182fi, Bvo, art. i. «. 'Account of the Tem- 
plare* [Edinburgh, 1B30 ?], 4lo, from the ori- 

ral manuacript in the Advoeatee' Library*. 
'Oenealrtgie of the Hayes of Twe«^dale, 
including .Memoirs of his own Times/ Edin- 
burgh, 183o, 4to. Only 108 small-paper and 
twelve large-paper copies privately printed. 
8. ' Oencalo^c of the Sainteclaires of Koia- 
Ivn, including the Chartnlary of Rosslyn,* 
J*Minbuiyh (privately printed), ISSH, 4to. 
~ Moat of lus manuscriptd were purchased 
' the Faculty of Advucatea at E<Hnburgfa, 
Bd arn now prvAHr\ed in their library. A 
t of th»'m tA given in tb»*' frenealogieof the 
ayes <if TwetHldah*.' They include ' Hay'a 
rmnin, or a Collection of aeveral thinga 
: to the hijtoriralaccoant of the moat 
DiIiesofScMtaad/3ToU. ; and'lJi- 
tinn vetcrum collcctk*/ 3 vols., docu- 
menu rtUting to the hiatocy of ScottamL 



[Michel'M Li-it Kcoiiatiis on Fnitice, ii. 803 n.^ 
303, .'160 ; fill., of the Advocotca' Library, iii. 
BSti; Nutce and Queries, 2tid ser. iii, 302, 303; 
Lowiidett's Bibl. Man. (Itolin), p. lOlC; NicoUoo's 
SiTotiiih Ilistnricid Librarv, I77A> p. 27; Gonfffa'a 
British Tot'Ography, ii. 611.681.] T. 0, 

BtAY, ROBERT (1700-1 803), Egyptian 
traveller and archipcdogist, born 6 Jon. ]70(t, 
WHS fourth son of Kobi»rt llay of Drumelxier 
and Whittingluimp in Scotland (a great- 
grandson of John Hov, first earl of Tweed- 
dole) and Janet, daugbter nf James Entkine 
of Cardrofis. Hay, who inheriteil the estate 
of Linpluiu from his brother Jamea, was a 
pioneer of Eg;\'ptian exploration. He was in 
Egypt a»* one of the leutJing niemljera of an 
arcbecolngical expedition h'-tween IK2lJ and 
11:^38. Among his companions were the art- 
ists Arundale, Catherwood, J. Bimomi the 
younger, and E. W. Lane. BesideaEiryptian 
antiquities presented to the British Museum, 
there are in the department of manuacripta 
there forty-nine large volumes of archso- 
logical and other drawings made during this 
expedition (Add. MSS. :^gl2-ftO). and also 
part of Hay's own diary (Add. MS, 31054). 
In 1840 Hay publi8he<l a folio volume of ' II- 
lu-»tnition.s of Cairo,' lithographed bj J. C. 
Bourne from drawings by O. B. Carter [n. v.] 
and othi;n>. Some of the original drawings 
for this work are in the; print room at the 
British Museum. Hoy married, in 1626, 
Kalitzo, daughter of Alexandros Psorakd, 
chief magistrate of Apodhulo in Crete, by 
whom he left two sons. He died at Ainia- 
fieU, East Lothian, on 4 Nov. 1863. 

[Cat. of Addil. HSS., BriL Has. ; Burke's 
londKl Gentry.I L. C. 

HAY, THO.MAS. eighth Earl of Knr- 
soirLL(17IO-17H7),eldwt son of George Hay, 
Kevfnth earl [({■ v.], was carefully educated, 
and attained some reputation as a classical 
acbohur. In 17;k!, when I»rd Bopplin, he 
was elected memb<'r of parliament for Scar- 
boroitgb, but was uniHiittiid on petition. At 
the general election in 1741 be was returned 
for the borough of Cambridge, of which he 
was recorder, and waa r&^lect«d in 1 747 and 
1754. In the last two parliaments he vu 
chairman of the committee of privileifM 
aod el«etioiu. In 1741 he waa appointad ona 
of the commtsaionen <if the revenue in Ire- 
land, and in 174A waa made a lord of trada 
and plantations. Aa anMRnberof DarliaoHat 
he gradually row to a noailioo of 'tntrntnea. 
In 1751 he waadoHiriM bjrllonotWal- 
pola a« ' fond of fonu and criflef,' bat * not 
abaolntely a bad apcaltrr.' He took a pro- 
miamt pait in lb« nffbrts to iropror« th« 
oooditioD of Nora Scoli*, ftod in April }7Si 

7'i 



Hay 



276 



Hay 



tlt« I>ulc« of NewriMtle madt* tiim a, lord of 
ihe tnaiiury. lie onea nef^tUtetl money 
sfTaira for the KOTeniiDeni in tlu* city, and 
io the liouM of Commons dtfemled xiie mi- 
niAtry in rpi^ard to nuny mcmej tnnMC- 
liOQK. In 1765 Dupplin was nude jmnt pay- 
mutorwitb Lord Darlington. According^to 
Horace Walpole, Ihipplin waatben reckonbd 
among the tliirty ablest men in the UonM 
of Commonfl, and it was said f^ him that he 
^aimed at nothing but tindenrtandiofl: baBinece 
and expUtniug it.' He was well known io 
general political and lit^^rary society, and hilt 
friends included Lord-chanceUorHardw^icke, 
Lord Mansfield, and Archbishop Seeker. He 
knew Gaj, and was aoqoainted with Pope. 
Heisthepntling*Ualbus* of Pvpus * Epistle 
to Dr. Arbuthnot/ 

When, in 1750, it was eogceeted to New- 
castle that h«* shoiilil strengthen his position 
by securing tlifCO-ojM.TBt ion of Kox, Dupplin 
strongly oppOH'd the «tep. In 17o7 he de- 
Hined an (it}')*rof the chiiuccUurship of the cx- 
chei|^uer in the Duke of Xewcastle'a second 
udmintsiration, but later in the year there 
wuinueh talk of hi» replacing Lord Halifax 
as first lord of trade. In I "of* he entered 
Xeweastle's second ministry as chnnctrllor of 
the duchyofLancaster and a privy councillor, 
and succeeded his father in the same year as 
£arl of KinnouU. Next year lie was sent 
as ambassador extraordinary and minister 
plenipotentiary to Portugal with a view to 
make satisfaction to the court of Lisbon for 
the violation of Portuguese neutrality by Ad- 
miral Itoscawen, who had taken and burned 
i''rench ships o(i" Lapos. 

Kinnuulf, whf>»i^ heitlth suffered from his 
ollicial work, retired intoprivate lift* in 17ft2, 
when the Duke of NewcBstle ceased to h»'. 
premier. He thenceforth resided on his 
(tftatea in Perthshire, cncourti^ing his tenants 
to improve tlir land by grunting them leases 
at niifdemte rents and erecting new houses 
and furra-buildings. Owing Io his cObrts, 
n bridge (completed in 1771 alter Smeaton*8 
designs) was built at Perth over the Tit. 

In 1765 KinnouU was elected eliancellor 
of the university of St. Andrews, an office 
wliich ho held during the remainder of his 
life. He wiut likewiAe president of the So- 
ciety for Propiigatiug (^hrieitian Knowledge 
in Scotland. Jlo died at Dupplin Cn»*tle, ' 
IVrlbflbin', on "27 Dt<c. 17H7. Some of his' 
correapondenct^ with the I>ulie and Duchess 
of Newcastle, T. liurdis, and others is pre- 
served among the Addit. MSS. at the British | 
Museum. 

On I'iJtin« 1741 hp married Confitantia, 
only dauffiiter and heir«M of John Kyrle 
Criile of Whithaven in WiltshirUj by wAom 



be had an only son (b. 12 \»e. 1742), wh 
died in inGuicy. Ilisntiphew, Robert Aiirid 
Hay, succeed*^ as ninth earl. 

[Doof^Iss's Pwmgc of fVitland, Wn^dV ed. _ 
r<4. li.; l!r>n»ce W.^^Ipole'i MeiDotrs, "^ 
Firft Si nf i-t !>-n1 Hi>t. of SrolUod, 1 7 
Livc«< '' " ■'■r?, vol. ii.; Wftlpot'? ix'H*Ti^l 
ed. Cu: 379. 378-B. 492, iii. 68, I 

269, 2tio. . ..,., ,. Work*. «d. Klwin and Coon-^ 
hop*, lit 262. viii. 21*. 3u0. 30*, i09.\ J. T. 

HAY, WILLIAM, fifth Lord Yi 
(rf. I.'i7«5), supi»«irter of Mnri' ijueen of Scot 
was the eldp»t 9»m of John, fourth lonl Yestc 
by hi& wife ^fargaret, eldest daughter of tl 
fourth Earl of Livingstone. His father, wIm] 
was taken prisoner at thv battle of Pinkie t^ 
1547, and was for some time in conllnemeati 
died in 15>';7. The eon was served heir in 
15A0. He had been living in France, and on 
20 June of this year received a pas8p«jrt fi 
Klizabeth into Scotland (Cai. Stnt^ J'inptfi 
For. Ser. l."Ki8-i», entry MCt). Writing to T 
William (Veil nn 20 June, Throckmortii 
states t hat he is mistrusted and a great papii 
(ib. p. 87U). Nevertheless he vms one of tb 
noblemen who subscribed the * Bxik 
Discipline* in iheTollnwth on 27 Jan. 136 
(Ksox, Workjt, ii. 129). He also signed tl 
treaty of Berwick. On 14 Feb. 15G1 2 ifc 
queen confirmed a charter to him and 
wife Margaret Ker of the lands of Beltc 
with manor, t nrret ,and fortalice, in the county 
of lla*ldington( /f/^. Jfrt*?. A]5F.ii.entry 1410). 
Ht> want present a» one of the extraordinary 
lords of the privy council at the mt^eling 1 " 
Edinburgh, 1 Aug. I5ti>j, when the Karl 
Moray was charged to appear before the kiz 
and queen (Itfff. P. C. Scoti. i. 347), and ' 
the * roundabout raid* against Moray wa 
ono of those who commanded the ran whio 
was nominally led by Damley (ib. p. 371 
From t hi» t ime he was among the steadia 
8upjK>rters of 1 he queen. He was one of t\ 
fint to join her and l^thwell after thei 
flight Irom Borthwick Castle to Dunbar, and 
marched with his deiiendents to her supp 

at Carberrv Hill. When it was determino 

to convey ^ler to Lochleven. Hny and other 
nobles gathered to attempt lier relief, but 
circumstances proved unfavourable (Kkiti^H 
//i>/.ii.<!47). Healsoaitine^l the hand for thS 
deliveraiiceof the queen from IdK-h lA»ven,an<T^ 
fought, for her at Lang^ide. In Marrh 1 .171) h« 
t(ub.<tTibed the letter to the qut't-n of ICnglon^ 
advising hvr to unite the Scnlij^h factiou 
' as one flocli under the obedience of one hei 
bv entering into conditions with the que 
of Scrtlland' (printwl in Caldbkwoou, jC 
547 -riO). He abandoned his endeavours when 
Queen Mary's cause became hopeless. Ili^ 
name appears as a member of the pri't'y ( 




Hay 



277 



Hay 






cIl held at hthli on 6 Feb. 1 o' 1 -'2, uid from 
lUis time he mav be reckoned amon^ the 
' king^B party.' lie died in Aajjiwl loTO, 
IIt his wife Mar^rei, daughtt^rof John Ker 
of I-Vmiehirsl, he hud two son.% William, 
Btxih lord Hay, and John, -^venth lord liar, 
from whom the present Marquis of Tureed- 
dale is descended, and four daughtent, ^[ar* 
gTin?t, mairitfd first to Jnnifji, sevunih lord 
Horthwiclt, and wHiondlv to Sir Robert Lan- 
5ier; Catharine, ni&rrieJ to Robert 8winton 
' Swinton ; Jean, to ^^ir James Hay of Barra ; 
and Elizabeth, to William Kerof Broomland. 
[Knox's Worki; Caldenrood'« Hist, of the 
Church of Seottand ; RefH^ er of th*" Priry 
C'nDDcil of Scodaiid. tuK i. ii.; lUu!>lnitiutt9 of 
the n«i^ of Man*(6aiuuityneClab) ; C-nl. StAto 
Paper*, For. Ser.. Iteii^ of Klizabeth ; CaL State 
Fapera, Srott. Spf. ; Duag1a»'s Shittish I'oeragc 
(Wood), ii. 605.] T. F. II. 

HAY, WILLIAM (ieaV17o5), author, 
second aoo of AVilIiam Hay of Olynde- 
boiinie,Siui9ex.M.P. forS€aford,by his wife, 
Barbara, youngest daughter of Sir John 
Stapley, bart., of Pateham, Sussex, was bom 
at Olyndebimme on 21 Aug. 1605. Roth 
hia partmt8 died white he was qnite a child. 
In llOo he waa Fent to school at Newick, 
near I^ewes, whence he was rvuioved in 1710 
to the ^rnuninur sclwK)! at Lewes. He ma- 
triculated at Christ Chun:h, Oxford, on 
2iO March 1712. Lcavinfr the unircrsity 
ithout a deRTee, he wos admitted in 1715 
the Middle Tempk-, uh^rre ho apM-ars to 
vc been calU'd to the bar in Michaelmas 
irm 17^3. While ])urauLn>fhi^ lt-ff»l studies 
^he was attacke<l with >tmal l-t>ox , whi ch g e- ' 
j^-relv i njurtHl his fyf^-T^ iT Iti 171fl Iio 
.voIIckI thmuffh many parts of England ' 
d Scotland. The mnnu>4-ript notes wliich 
le made diuing tUt^ (our of more than a 
thousand miles are «aid to be preserved at 
Glyndeboume. In 17i?0 he mode a toiir 
t brouph France, rjermany, ami I lolland. * In 
hid return he settled down in the country, 
and became anaetirecounty mai;i.sirBte,and 
in 1733 was appointed chatruian of quarter ' 
■essions for the eastern division of tsussex. ' 
At a by-election in January 17JH he was ' 
returned to the Houpe of I'ommons for Sea- [ 
ford, and continued to ropre^ent that con- 
ituency until his death. Hay was a whij?. ■ 
,d a genentl supporter of the policy of Sir 
bert Walpole. In March 17.'t6 and aj^iiiu 
in Febniary 1737 he brought in a bill for 
the Iwlter relief and i-mploynient of the poor, 
but fnilml to c-arrv it through tlie houKii 
Juurtiah vf the i/ou.v uf CunuHottjr, xxii. 
4(i). In l-'ebruary 1738 he took pun I 
the debate on the reduction of the armv 
(Par/. Jlist. X. 37G-9),and in Hay following j 



1 ^fon 

m 

in 
the 

but 



was appointed & oommiauoiier for TietuaUiag 
the nary. During the diaeuasiaa of tlwi navy 

estimates in February 1710 he defendeil him- 
f^lf from a personal attack, and challengrd 
'the most riptrous scrutiny 'into hiacondact 
at the \ictiuillinf; office (id. xi. 414). In 
l>eccmber 1747 he broufrhi in a bill ftir the 
better relief of the poor by voluntary chari- 
ties {JuumaUvf tMf HfVM 0/ VcnnmoHt^xxw 
4G4), which passed through the commons 
without any opnosition, but was dropped in 
the House of Lords. He was appointed 
ket-ptT of the records in the Tower in 1753, 
and died of apoplexy at Glyndeboume on 
22 June 1755, in the sixtieth year of hisa<(c. 
He was buried in (ilvnde churchyard. _Uftyi 
was (jeformtHl. and satri vly t ive f eet hi fihJ 
Arduous ID Eis parliamentary duties, it wa^ 
said of him that he was * the fir^t in and the 
last out of the commons.' 

In 1731 he marrie<l Elixnbeth, the second 
daughter of Tliomas Pelham of Oatsflald 
I'Uce, SuASH'X, by whom hf had three ami* 
and two daiighter<i. His eldcfit son, Thomas, 
lieutenant -colonel in ih** Queen's dragoons, 
reprwiented Lewra from March 17tJ8 to Sep- 
tember 17iW, and dietl on !> Feb. 17W3. Hih 
second so^,^^'illiQm, a meuiln'r of the supreme 
council at Calcutta, w&ji murden-d wiiilf* n 
hostageairatnoonoOct. 1703. HiHyounffcst 
«on, llenn.-, ilicd on 24 (X*t. 1754. am'd lt>. 
On the death of Fmucta, the younger of his 
two daughters, Olvndelwumo passed to his 
nephew, the Kev. l-'ranci* TuttI, and i* now 
in the posi^ession of ISIr. William Langliam 
(.'hrislie. Portraits of Hay and of his eldejit 
and ynungoftt soim art* preBxt-d to his col- 
lected works, which wi>re publirihcd at the 
eipenet! of his two dainrhtiTs, under the edi- 
torFhipoftheirronsiu,ilVKev.FruiiriaTutt6, 
in 171M, London, 4to, 2 viil^i. lie was thu 
outhorof the following works : 1. 'AnEssay 
on Civil Government, treating summarily rif 
il« nwewity, original, difvolution. forms, and 
pro|»erties (iiiionymouKly), I.ondon, 172>', 
Hvo. 2. * Mount Cnhuni. A Poem Inimbly 
inscribed to hor (irace the Putchcstt of New- 
castle," Ijondon, 17.S0, fol. 3. ' Hemarks on 
the Ijiws relating to the Poor; with Proposals 
for their better Itelief and Employmrnr. liy 
n Member of Parliament. Fir»t puhtiKhed in 
17:A5 . . . with an Ap]>endix containing thi* 
lle^olutifnisof the Houi^ of Commons on the 
winu>sul>JK-l in 17:JG,'»'^c., London, 1751, Wvo. 
4. ' Ueligio Philosophi, or the Principles of 
Momlily and Christianity, illuslrale<l from a 
View of the I'nivcrjM* and of Man's Hituatiun 
in it/ London, 1753, (^vo; 2nd (nlit., London, 
1754, 8vo; 3rd edit., Loudou, 17(iO,8vo: new 
edit., 1831. dvo. 5. 'Dcformitv; an ICsmiv,* 
London, 1754, 8vo; ^d edit., London, 17&4| 




Haya 



278 



Hay day 



fcivrt, Iloprinted in vol. i. of Dodeley's 'Fu- 
gitive Pieces on Various Subjocts byS"v**rftl 
Authors* in 1701, 17«2, !.»>», and 1771. 
G. 'Tin* Immortality of tii« 8u(il. A Pt>em 
translated from the I^lin of Ittaac Huwkinfi 
Urowne, Esq.,' Londnn, 1754, 4to. 7. ' Mor- 
tialis K]>i^B-Dimuta Selt«ta. Anjrlic^ reddi- 
dit Gulielmus llflv, uppendicem tiibi vendi- 
cimt Couleiiis etalLi' [Latiii and Knelish], 
uoiidou, 175(1, 12mo: also ia 8vo, with the 
English only. 

[Profiuw to thv Works of Willinni Hay, 1 7& I ; 
Krin(fi6ld'« Hitit. of Lcwm. 1S21 7. i- 324 6, rl. 
121-4; Lower's Sussex Worthies, pp. 23.V-40; 
IjOWfr'K Hint, nf Subwi, i. 197; Gent, Mag. 
176ft. p. 2S4; XicboUi* Lit. Anecd. ii.. 377. vi. 3-16- 
3o8. 643, viii. 620. 69.'^, ix. lAl : Olficinl lactam 
vf Lints of M«inl>«r» of l^irtiamcot. pr. ii. pp. 
««. 81. 91, lOtf, IIM, 144, 156; Wutt'ii Hibl. 
Brii. ; Uril. Mus. Cit.] U. F. R. B. 

HAYA, Sir GILBKHT »b (d. 1330), 
lonl \i\ii\t constable of .Scotland, descended 
from Williiim de I laya, who was kin^r's butler 
to William the Lion, and obtainwl from him 
thf: lands of Eirol in Perthshire. His ffrflnd- 
fatber, Gilbert de Hayii. was chosen one of 
the king's councillors by Alexnndt-r 111 in 
12G6, with the approval of llMnry IH of 
Kupland.ond wa8.«dieriH'itr Perthshire at the 
timeof hisdfntb in ]'2W. ITii^fiitlter, Nirota.** 
df I Inva , iv»« Inrd of Errol in 1 :.»1t:t ( //i>/. .W-SS. 
CV»mw,riih \if-y. tW4), but seems to have died 
alwut that date. a» Sir Gilbert de Ilaya was 
in poRsesaion ofthat property when heswore 
fealty to Edward I in iiUHi, being then dtv- 
pcribttl n» ' a tenant uf the Kinpat Perth.' 
During the troubled «tate of Scotland in the 
early years of the fourteenth century Bir 
v^iilbert remained faithful to Edward I, 
and sulTeretl severely at the hands of his 
conntrymon. In Ui04-ri lH*prettente<l a peti- 
tion to the king praying gmee fnr the ndief 
of his lands in Scotland, 'which are w) de- 
stroyed by [he Scottish wars that he will 
btt auit« ruined if he jiayfl the extent, along 
witA that of the lady his mother's dower, 
and ftlso the extent of his freeholders, from 
vhom he has taken nothing, and will be 
obliged to sell his lands.' Tlie king gnmted a 

i>artial caueellation of the claim, and slipu- 
nted that the balance wight be ]mi<l by an- 
nual instalments, * if be conducts him»elf in 
a good manner at the king's will' (Cnl. of 
JJorumpni-it rehitinfi to Sruttaml. ii. 4(il'). 
Shortly after this date(inMiirrh l.'t(W) Ifaya 
joined the party of Rob<?rt Bruce. In April 
of that year Aymer de Valence, earl of Pem- 
hrfjke, applied to the kitijf for a gift of llaya's 
lands Id Sir \\'alter de Deauchamp, but the 
king refused the request until he should come 
personally to Scotland. In June 1306, how- 



ever, Edward gave orders to the Earl 
Pembroke to bum, destn\v, and strip t.b« 
lands and gardens of Sir Gillwrt, * to wheal 
the Kinff did great courtesy when he wibH 
lost in London, but now finds he is a traitor, j 
This severity confirmed IJaya in his ad- 
herence to Bruce, and he bec&me one of tl 
loaders in the Scottish war of independenc 
In recognition of bis services Robert 
granted the lands of Slains in Aberdeenshir 
to him, circa 1S09 (Robertson, Inde^ 
0iarter». p. 2), and he obtained the heredM 
tary office of lord high rnnstable of ScotJandl 
in i306-S». Scot of ScoUtarvet (ft7/7^5wnViy^J 
Statfo/Ucfitn Sfntrjmirti) a.S!>ert8 that he wa 
nppoint*>d con>ilable in 1321 n» succeasor tfl 
the forfeited ICarl of Winioun. Dongla^ ill 
his ' Peerage ' {»ub t-oce ' Errol ^ refers to 
charter granting the office heritably date 
I2N0V. 1314. Tliere is ample evidence tha^ 
he held the office in ISOS^ i», a."* nn }C, Mar ' 
heconcurrvd with the nobles and inhabitanri 
of Scotland in the letter sent to Kinfi-IMiilij 
of Ernnce from St. Andrews, dchtgnatinj 
himself therein as 'constable of ScotlflntT 
(Afta Pari. Sfxtt. i. 4o9 o). A charter 
insjtoxiaso, by 'Oillicrt Hay, constable 
Scotland." dated 1300. is now in the _ 
sion of Lieulenani-generul Kattray of Cnug 
hall, Perthshire; and, under the same dc 
signation, he witnesses a charter dated I Ma| 
1.S19, which is now in the muniment room 1 
the Earl nf Southeak (Hi»f. MSS. C>mm. 4H 
Uep. WK>, 7tb Itep. 718). In l.'itM he gave 1 
donation of iHV. to the Hlaekfriars-monaKter^ 
at Perth to provide two ltt;hts,and he reft-r 
in this documeut, which is preserved omoc 
the papers of the Earl of Errol, tohis-hmthe 
John,rect/*r of Errol, and to his son Nicols 
Sir Gilbert died in 13.'t0, and was buried 
the abbey of Cupor in Angus, where an is 
scribed tablet bearing his name and a mnt 
lated stone figure of a mail-cJad kniglitwen 
discfiverod about thirty \t«n( ago. The iir 
sent Fjirl of Ern)l is the lineal descentia 
of Sir Gilb*?rt de Hnya, and r»*iain8 the olBc 
of hereditary constable of Scotland. 

[Authorities quot«J.] A. H. M. 

HAYDAY, JAMES (179G-1872>, book 
binder, Ixjrn in London in 17^'>, ser\'ed h^ 
time with Charles Marehant, vellum-binde 
12 Gloucester Stn-et, Queen Square, ai 
then for some lime worked as a Joume| 
man. In ]S2ri he lM»csine one of the aud 
tors of the Journeymen Bookbindem' Trad 
Society, fie commenced husiness in a V( 
humble way. In 18^3 he rented premises 1 
31 Little Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Field 
where lie contimunl until his retirement 
1801. Haydiiy had long seen that it 



Hayden 



279 



faydcxrk 



I t*nn 



,blc to maki; printed books Mpcn friH'ly 
flnt ; his attention is beli<;vl^d tolmvo 
n drawn (o thif mutter by setung llagster'rt 
ilyplot bibl(*.t, tvliicb were bfjiind by .foseph 
"eUh of 10 (^nt'en Street, Golden H<iiian', 
in what waa known an ' Huj:ster's lirnownitd 
ISinding.' TIh.'S*' bonks wt*n» miid** Jbwibb', 
And covered with purple pin-headed tteaUkin 
with a blind tool ornament. lu hi^ own 
binding he sewetl the btjnks all along even' 
sheet, and tn remedy the e\tni thickness that 
would Ije caused by sewing with thr»'ad, ut*M\ 
«iLk^ and to eijunlit^e the thiektie.".-* rounded 
the fore edges more than waa customnry. To 
luake the back ti^'bt lie dispensed with the 
'inary bocking of paper, and fastened the 
,thcr cover down to the back. Still the 
cnn&taut opening of the hook disfigured the 
ffmiu of the leather, and to obviate this he 
uitniduced the cross or pin-headed grain, or 
•what is now termed Turkey Diorwco. Works 
|>Ound by Mayday became famous, and his 
luune attached tn a Uiok raised itM value 
,wenly-1U> per eent. Kihvunl Gardner of 
" ,e Oxford \Varebou>ie, 7 Paternoster How, 
ured llayday'fi services for the Oxford 
)ks exclusively. AVilllam Pickering, book- 
iller, of 57 Chancery Lane, gave him the 
ine&t of his long ex[»erience, and int nnluced 
ini to many wealthy patrons. After enter- 
ig into a brief partnership with .Mr. B<nce, 
K lini^iher,' )w again siarit'd on his own nc- 
unt at ;il Litilf t^uif'ti Sin-*:;!. I'nable to 
impete with other and cheaper binders, he 
wo^ adjudicated a hauknipt on 10 June 1801. 
He sold the use of hi« name to William 
^j^lanw^'ll, who i!ucci'c<Im1 to the bookbinding 
itablishment. Ketiring to St. Leonard*s-«n- 
la. Ilavdav died there on 19 March lB7l^, 
" "0,* 

[The liookseller. 'i April 1872. p. 294.] 

G. C. K. 

HAYDEN, GEOitfiE (JI. 1723), com- 
Wttji* rirganiftt at (he church of St. 

lary Magdak-n, Berinondfiey. On Jan. 

iT-lt> he WU6 elected a member of theMadri- 
^Socii'tv. llaydeu'.') music is dlMinguisbcd 
^aach ^rnmatic feeling. Ilia best Itnown 
nmpoaitions are : 1. * As I mw Kair flora,* 

ltwt>-|iart pong, the words by Wallerf 17 lO'r]. 

~. * ^lad Tom,' aung in character by Piatt at 
adier'a Wells. .'1. Thr».'e canlataK : * A Cy- 
esa (imv*'/ *Thyrsii('.' and 'Neptune and 

Imymnme,' I-4indnn, i7'-'.'I. 4. ' Welcome, 

>amon.' with n svmphouy of two oboe^ and 

*fO violins *17^?]. 

P>irt. of Sliwieinii*. 1827: O rove's Pirt. of 
Instc, t. 700 ; Hawkiii^'dHi^t. orMiittie, iii.825; 
ttumtry's lli^t. of Music, Ir, 6,^0 ; Haydeu'i 
composiiioDs.] L. 31, M. 



HAYDN, JOSEPH (.'A 18.-.0). compiler 
of dictionaries is well known a.<t the author 
of the ' Oictiouary of Datea,' \S4\ (19th edi- 
tion, I88',t)t and of the ' Book of Dignities,* 
1851 ( l-.'th revised edition, IM>0^. The ' IWwk 
of Dignitieji' was nmodemised Inrmof Bea(- 
son's 'Political Index,' but omits (be \i»X^ of 
holders of many ini[iortant offices. lie also 
edited Lewis's ' Tonogmphical I>ictionarieft.' 
His name is used in the ' llaydn Series' of 
dictionaries, which arc ou the same line« as 
thorMX-ompiled by him. He doe* not, how- 
ever, upj>ear to have taken any part in their 
actual compilation, 'iliey are the ' Universal 
Index of lJiograi)hv,' edited bv J. B. Payne, 
1870; • Bible Diellonarv,' edited bv C. Bou- 
t»ll,167l (2nd edition, 1S7H); ' Dictionary of 
Popular Medicine and Ilvgiene,' edited by 
Dr. E. Lankesier, 1874 (2ud edition, 1878). 
I'Vir a short time before his death, on 18 Jan. 
18'Vt, llaydn had been in receipt of a small 

IK.'naion of 'J'tL granted by the govumment. 
t was cnnlinued tu his widow. 

lAnnoaUtepfit'T. IS.'iG. p- 232; Tlai<>s, 19 Jan. 
1856; licnt. Mug. I80G. i. 542.] J. W-5. 

HAYDOCK, OEOUGE LEO (17J4- 
I84'.t|.bibticalscholnr,bomon 1 1 April 1774, 
was youngest son of Geiirge IIayd"3ck of the 
Tagg, Cot tarn, near Wood Plumptou, Lanca- 
shire, by hia second wife, Anne, dnujrhter of 
William t'ottaro, gentleman, of IJilslwrrow. 
He n*cpiviHl bis early education in a school 
kept bv the Itev. Robert Hantster at Mow- 
breck tiall, near Kirkham,aDd in 1785 was 
sent 10 the English College of Douay. At 
the beginning of the French revolution be 
effected bis escajw from Douay iu August 
1793, in comiKiny with his brother, Thomas 
Haydock [q.v.j.undthe Rev, William Havis, 
one of the minor profession*. After a brief 
sojourn at Old Hull Green, near Ware. Herl- 
fonlsbiro, he went home on U Nov. 171H, re- 
maining at the Tagg tilt Januarj' 179*1, when 
he rejoined many of his old Donay com- 

r anions in t he college at Cnmk Hall. Durham, 
le was ordained prieiit on 22 Sept. 1798, and 
appointed general prefect and master of all 
the schools under jRietry, Tliese offices Le 
held till 20 Jan. W)ii, rw-eiving only 5;. for 
his five years* work. i)n leaving the tollego 
he took charge of the poor mission of Ug- 
thorjK*, Yorkhhire. In lH*J8 he Utean to writu 
the notes for the new edition of the Doiuiy 
Flible and Rheims Tf>stament which WM 
projected bv bis brothtT Thoma*, and wu 
completed In 1814. In July IHlfi he wm 
officiallyappointed to the minion 01 Whitbr, 
but was still under the obligation of attend- 
ing I'gthoqie. (/uarr»*ls with hit AiitH'rioni 
led to bis rvmcnol on 22 S«pt. 1830 to tbe 




tntftsion at ^^'eatby Hall, Lancashire, where 
IioromainedelevwuraontbB. As soon as Bishop 
Smith died, his suceessor in the norlhern vi- 
cariiito, llii^h(i]i Pynswiek, without pri'vious 
fulmunitioii,ititfr<lti;U'(] HnydiH^k Irninsayiug 
innjw in his diHtricl, by lelttr dated 10 Auff. 
IKll. Thetvupou hti quietly reiired to Uis 
estate, the Tagg, where for over e\g\\t vcara 
he devoted himself tn study, with l)oo£:s nil 
uroand him linin^^ the walls, and piled, in 
heaps on the tloors. He np]>enU'd to Pro- 
pu^tindu twice in 1832 Of^insL Ltitihup Peiis- 
wick'i* intenlict, but his lett^ra w«re int*'r- 
eepti'd and eent to iht* bishop Acainst whom 
\w appealod. In If'.'W Iil' apiK'nii'd to I'miia- 
ifanua for the third liint-, »iiii thii^ ri»<u1ttKlin 
liis faculties ht'iug restonnl bylJishopUriggs's 
viciir-gnnorol on 18 Nov. 18;H). without any 
explanation otri'red, or any retractation re- 
cjuired. Ue was then appointed to the jwor 
mission at Penrith, Cumberland, where lie 
arrived four days later. He died at IVmritli 
on 29 Nov. 1B49. His library was sold by 
auction at Prt'slon in 1851. 

In Iheopiniou of Archdeacon Cotton, Hay- 
dock did not potf>s<.*e$ * hifjh »L>)ifiler$hip, but 
vrtLS a pious and wann-hearteil man, a moAt 
indue) riouK rt-^adrr, and liberal annot-ator,' 
often eovcrinf^ hm \nKtkn with manuBcnpi 
notes (KArmrJi and I)ou-ay, p. 85). 

Haydock'ft chief publication was ' The Holy 
Bible, tran5<latetl from the L^tin \'ulgate; 
dilisreully compared with the Hebrew, (irepk, 
and other editions in diverH hm^nopes. The 
Old Testament, tiri^t published by the Kng- 
liah Collegia at Donay A. P. lOCKt, and the Nhw 
Testament, firf(t puhlishfd by the KnjrlishCol- 
lege Hi Uheiuis a.d. l.Wil. With Notee se- 
lected from tlie most eminent commentators, 
and themoM ablenndiudicionscritic»,*2voU. 
Manchester, 1H12 14, fol. ; I'nd etlit., Dub- 
lin, 181:^-1,1, fol. This work, in which he 
received aswistance from other divine«. was 
publiKhMl in shilling numbers. It wasmainly 
ua.«ed on the text of Uichop Challoner, pul>- 
lisheil in 1760, but in the New Testament 
t he text of L>r. Tn>v'« edit ion of 1 7i)-l is largf ly 
followed. All Clialloner's notes are inaiTtiKl 
with his signature att«ch«l. tHher notes 
are adapted fnim Hristow, Calmet , l)u Harael, 
Kstius, Menochius, Pu^torini (i.e. Bishop 
Charlie Walmesley). Tirinus, ^^'orthington, 
and Witham. The (^dito^'s original obaerra- 
tiona are marked witli the letter H. Awh- 
deacon Cotton credits him with unwearie<l 
diligence, but with on occasional want of 
iadgment in the «eIcction of his note«>, due 
to the mpidity with which the work was 
prepared for presm. The note* to the New 
Testament were compiled by the Rev. Bene- 
dict Bajmeut, Thomas Gregory l^bioson, 



O.R.B.. and some of the monk? of Ample- 
forih; those written by Kavmeut being de 
Bignated by the letter A. llaydock's Bibli 
wa^ reiiubliJiihed at Edinburgh and Dublin ia. 
1845-0. Ur. Husenbeth prejiared a new edt-^ 
tion in 2 vols. 1850 .'J, 4to. A New Yorll 
edition ajipeared in 180^-6. Of Haydock'fl 
other works th** principal are: 1. * Doua) 
Dictates,' matmacriTit, "i volii., 17iHJ-8, in th 
posseftfiiou of Mr. JiM-eph Oillow. i 
P^lms and Canticles in the lEomAn Oil 
yarophrased and illuiitrated, with some choic 
Observations of F. dc Oarriere*, CaUnet, Kon 
det, &c.,' manuseript, 4 vols., 1805-0; fof 
merly in t he posse&sion of iVrchdeaeon Cot to 
3. 'llje Tree of Life; or iho one Chxu^ 
of 0<m1 from Adam until the 19'* or Gfi''_ 
Century,' Manchester, 18CS>. A chart pre- 
senting at one view on epitome of church 
hiatory chronologically arrungod. It is 
version of the 'Tree of Life *^ published 
Thomas Ward. 4. 'Biblical Dij^quisiiion 
manuscript, intended as a aupplnint-nt to tt 
Bible. 6. 'A Kev to the Human Catho] 
Oftice,' Whitby, i"Ki';J, IJmo. 0. * A CoJ-^ 
lection of Catholic I lymns,' York, 18S3, IthaQ 
Portraits of him in oil and in silhouette ait 
in the pos&esfciou of Mr. Joseph Gillow. 

[Memuirs in Gillow's Diet, of Kngltsh Cathd. 
lira, and iu Gillow's Haydnrk pApnrs ; Coltoalj 
Itbrmes and Downy, p. 406; Whittle's Prcstud 
ii. S36 ; tlnrdvirk'a Prcitloa, p. tl66 ; Sult'tD^ 
Laamaliire AutiiurF, p. ol.] T. C< 

HAYDOCK or HADDOCK, niCTr" 
AUD, D.D. (15.52 :-l(i0o), Koman calhulie 
divine, bom about 1552, wa^ the tM-cond » 
of Vivian Haydock, e»]., of Coliam HhIIj 
near Preston, l^ncAshin-, His mother, Ellen 
daughterof William West bv, e«|.,of Weelbj 
Yorkshire, and Mowbreck Hall. LaneaAhin 
had a sister married to (Jeorge .\llen, broths 
of W^illiam Allen the car<liual. Hii^ fathec 
nearly twenty years after the death of hif 
wife, went in 1*)73 tu tiie English Culleg 
Douay. Richard accompanied him, and 
1677 wa.-* ordained priest. In the follow 
ing year he aceom|mnied tlie profi-siiiors be 
students when the college was transfent 
to Uhcims. Ho wa^ one of the firt<t .•^U-rtetl^ 
by Dr. Allen to help in founding the Cngli^U 
(College ot Rome, and took the college iiath 
at its formal oi»ening on 23 April 1579. H* 
was sent to hngland in 1580 with twenty^ 
eight other priests, six of whom, inctudin 
his younger brother George, were execute 
After labouring on the misfiion for nearly t< 
years he woa inviled to Rome by Cardin 
Allen, who made him his marstro di earner 
He now resumed his studies, and was cmt 
D.D. After the cardinal's death in 16&4 



Tpniainml in !(iily wme jenrs in rloat frlyiiil- 
fthip with Kblbfr ilf^burl Pnrfions. lii 161):! 
he left Rome for Doiwy College, and tbence 
proceeded to Lancanhin*, and pcrliupa after- 
wards lo Ireland, as it Appears tbat lie beld 
the di^ityof dean of Dublin (Knox, LftUrs 
and MtfftuiriaU of Card, Allan, p. S"/!). ile 
returned to Douuy in June 1603. lie died at 
Itome in 1605. 

Ilia works axe: 1. 'An Account of the 
Kerolution in the English CollrgB nt Home ; 
wherpin he wm* » |»er»un cliifHy eiuj»]nve<l by 
the malcontenle,' dated 9 IVIarch lortt-9. 
Printed in Tieruey'a edit, of Dodd's 'Church 
History/ vol. ii. pp. cccl-lxxi, In the dis- 
putes concerning tue admiaistnition of the 
English secular cntle^u of Rome lliiydocli 
supporltKl the Jesuits, and tlie ittudfuts de- 
manded his expulsion from the college. 
2. 'An Ample lleclaration of the CbristUn 
doctrine,' tninslated 'by K. II., T>ocl«)r of 
Divinitie/ from the Italian of t!ardinal Hel- 
Urmin, Douay, it}04, 4to; St. Dmcr, 16:^4, 
46mo. 

[Brifbifpiratvr'sCoDcerUtioEcL'lwiifeCAtholicap, 
f.l33: Dodd'iChnrch liist., ii. 69 ; Dyuay Kiaries; 
Folev'* RecordH. ii. 141, 22.^. iii. 42. -14. Sl.'i, ri. 
28. 42, KH. 13(1, 221. h\%. 739; CtDnw'ti Bibl. 
Die'.; Oillow's Uaydock i*ai)frs, j-p. 21. 2ft. 3'i, 
3o-0 ; Knox's Lettcn and MamuriaU of C^rd. 
Allen, p. 4670 T. C. 

HAYDOCK, KICHAUn { fl. ir^*i), phy- 
sician, was born at Itrowul in llampsnire. 
Ho was otlurated at Winchester Collt-pe, and 
on 13 July I'tSH matriculated al New Col- 
lege, Oxford, of which he was eU-ctwl a fellow 
in 1590; he jfmduated IJ.A. Ui Jan. 1592, pro- 
ceeded M.A. 31 i.)ct. 1596, and M.B. 14 June 
llWl [Ojfatd Unii. Jieij.-vo\.'n.yX.\\. p. 165, 
iii. p. Uftt.Oxford Uist.Soc.) Ho travelled 

r some time on the continent, whence he 
Wtumed to Oxford to study pbyaic. In l(iOo 
bo left t!ie university and settled in Salis- 
bury, where he practi-sed as a physician for 
many years. Arthur Wilson (Jluit. f'f Grtat 
JiritatHy ed. 1653, n. Ill) wivs ihiit rtnydock 
lued to MC vinions m the nig^t ; that he would 
select a text in bis ^leep, and discourse on it 
in 0pite of pinehiuffs, generally denotmcing 
the pope ADu high church praclices. He wa4 
summoned to court to exhibit bis powers 
before the king, when he acknowledged bim- 
(telf an im])OBtor,nnd,aner a public rerjinta- 
tion, WO)* pardoned by the king, who otlered 
bim preferment in the church, llnydock did 
not, however, take orders,* but lived always 
A physician nf good n-pute at Salisbury, and, 
^ firing fur a time to London, died, and was 

Tied there, a little before the grand rebel- 
broke out* (Wood). 







IlayJnck's only publication ij* ' A Trade 
containing the Arte» uf curious I*ain(in{^>^ 
Car\inge, and Uuildinge, written fipfit in 
Italian by .lo. Taul Lomatlus, ^lointer of 
Milan, and ICngli-hed by K, II., student in 
Phvftik,' Oxford, 1.W8, fol. It is dedicated 
lo Yhnmns Bodley, esq., the founder of Ox- 
ford's ' Pombiblion, or Temple to all tho 
Muses.* 

[WoodV AiIienK, i. 678-9 ; Arthur Wilson** 
History. a.i above ; Stow'a Annala of Enfflnnd, 
eil. lIowe\ pp. 8C3-4.J T. K. J. 

HAYDOCK, UOGKU (16U-101KJ), 
quaker, ;he .second fion of respectable jiarents, 
inclined to presbyteriimism, was boni at Coi>- 

?uU, near Wigan, Lancashire, in May 1644. 
(in parents were well otf, and after receiving 
aome education, he appears to have bevu 
emploved as stewanl to his elder brother, 
John flaydook. About 16ti6 John liaydock 
bcc-ame a quaker, and bid first convert wa» 
biK brother Uoger, who was *convinc**d' in 
1606 (Sewel, IUM. ed. 1834, ii. 164) or ill 
1687 ( II ATDOCK, tV^ri>/jan H'ritimj*). A few 
weeks later he wn8 arrftnted at a meeting at 
Bury, LanciiJihire. On refusing to give bond 
forgoodbehavioiir,hewaaconunitted to Lan- 
caster gnol ftn some days, but relea.scd with- 
out line or paymL'jit of fee*. He was again 
Bpprehendea iii January 1668-U for being at 
three meetings at Bury, end woa fined 15/. 
by the Mancbealer quarter sesaious. In 1670 
kiafatberdied.andaboul thiif trmo be appears 
to have been recognised as aqiiaker itreaclmr. 
He laboured at Hr^t in the north of England. 
Early in 1674 he was fined 20/. for preaching 
at Freckleton-in-the-Fielda, Lancashire. A 
few week.-* later he was prosecuted in Ihw 
iKTclesiastical court at Chester for tithes of 
about 30j«. value, and * something for Binoke- 
penny,'Bnd in May was commift4.'d to Lan- 
caster gaol for not appearing before the court. 
I la November be was released, pending an 
' appeal, on the ground that he was only bi» 
I brother's senaut, and therefore not liable. 
In August be was tincd i.W. for 'being' 
J (y speaking) at a meeting at Bolton, I>an- 
cafihire. At the instance of Balph Brideoake 
i fq.v.1, bi.-4hop of Chichester and rector of 
I Staudish, near Wigan, Lancashire, be was 
I again prosecuted for non-payment of fine.1, 
I and be was imprisoned at intervals until 
I Brideoake's death, 5 Oct. 1678. He was 
j closely confined for a time, but on the inter- 
cession of friend* in 1676 waa allowed morn 
liberty. In January 1676-7 he was permitted 
to hold a dispute at Arley Hall, Cheshire, 
wil h John Cheyney f q, v.] In 1080 he visiteil 
Ireland, and in l*Vhl jnssed some months in 
Holland, where he suffered eleven days* im- 
prisomnent on some unucerlained chargit. 



Haydock 



383 



Haydocl 



In May lOHd he married Mlomior Lowe, n 
qiii)l(i^<res!i, and nftorwards en^ged in Agrt- 
cultiire at "Warrinp-ton. \\v was imprlimned 
nine months in l^nnciLstcr ^ol for altondiiig 
a mectiiij; in August 1683, and again till 
March 1C86, when he was releaswi ' by the 
Icing'fl imrdtin/ He obtained the protection 
<jriht'l',arl<iflK'rhyforih»'|»'rnt'(*iitt*d I'Vicndw 
iuthf UleoCMun.iLnduntTWiLrdiivisilt^ Ilol- 
Jand und Scotland. In 1687 he removed to 
Itriek Jiall, nrar Penketh, Lancashire, and 
for sevcml years hisLifcifc a record of patiently 
bomt! sickness, during which he * «uH*ercd 
much fur tithes.* In Marcli 1603 hL> held a 
dispute with John Hnlep,' a prit'fit of rhB3hire.' 
«napiib»eqvientlvvigite*i meetings in England 
anil IlolUnd. lie attended the marrioj^e of 
Wilhum Penn to ](annah (.'allnwhill in lOUi). 
On rt Attiy KilXi ht- wiia seizwl with fever, 
from which he died thn-e days later, lie wah 
buried in the Friomis' burial-ground at Gmys- 
ton, near Penkcth. Haydock is described 
in many 'tcstiraonies'asaman of dwp piety 
and an indefatipible worker. It iscomputed 
thai he travelled more limn thirty-two thou- 
sand iDiit^ and miniotered ut 2,U00 meetings 
while he wa.^^ a tjuaker preacher, and he ta 
etaled to have liei-n ' mademte and civil in 
disputes.' 

HtH writing-; are: \. * The Skirmiitbctr 
Confounded; being a CuUectton of suvvral 
nassQges taken forth of some books of John 
Cheyney's [q. v.], &c.,' 1676. 2. * A IIn-jw- 
crite unveiled, and n lUasphemermade mnni- 
fest, being an examination of John Chej-ney'd 
falce relation of hif*I)if*pule with the Quaker* 
at ArleyHallin Cheshire. t he L'Srdof the Uth 
month, called January 1>)76, puhlisht^l in hi« 
book.cntitulod *• A \Vamingt«^ Souls,"' &c., 
1677. The foregoing, with a numberof testi- 
monies imd episties. were published as : 3. ' A 
ColhH'tionof the Christian Writings. I j»bours, 
Travels, and Sutt'erings of that Faithful and 
approved Minister of Jesus Christ, Hoger 
liavdock,' London, 1700, 8vo, edited bv John 
Pield. 

[JohDlIajdock'flBrief.iccoantof thc^Life.&c, 
of Roger Haydock; B«s»c'8 Sufferinjt* of the 
<laakeD. i. 319. 320; Sovcl's History of the 
Kis*. See., of the Society of Friend*. ecL 1834. 
ii. 164, 4U7-J1 ; Rutty'n Hixt^of the Rise. A:c.,of 
the Friends in Ireland; Smith's Cat. of FriemU* 
Uook*.] A. C. B. 

HAYDOCK, THOMAS 0""5-1889), 

Yrinter and [mbliKher, M'cond M>n of George 
lavdoek of the Tagg, Cnltam, Limcashiref 
by litJt Mxond wife. Anne Cotlam. was bom 
«in 21 Feb. 177l\ He studied for the prii'st- 
^ in the F.nglish Colleges of Douay and 
•bon, and afterwanU at Cmok Hall,' Dur- 



ham: but bis &uperiur« cmxidered that 
had no true vocation for the ei:cle«ia.itiG 
state. On leaving Crook Hall he ojwneill 
school at Manchester, which he event uaK 
gave up in order to start in btU'inesa as i 
printer and publislier in t he Name t own. If 
brought out u large niunlier of catholic work 
some of which he himself edited and tnin 
latetl. Many of tin' jirodiictioDs of his pn 
weruexcellent .■*pet'tmen.*f)fiy]MiCTaphy. 1 
most' important wax the haud.tome editions 
the Douay Itihle, jiremred by his brotbe 
Oeoi^ Leo Haydix-k fq. v.] He wji«, ho« 
ever, unfortunate in business, w&k turesta 
for debt, and su0i!red four months' imprison 
ment. After hi» releaw he fitniggletl on i| 
business for many years at ]<ower Uvm<i 
(juav. Dublin, and subf)equently kept a arii 
in tW city. He removed about iHiO 
Liverpord and afterwards to l*reston- 
died at Preston on 'Jo Aug. ISTiH. 

[OiUow's Diet, of English Catholicn; Co 
ton's Khomcs aad Downy, pp. 83-90.] T. C. 

HAYDOCK, WILLL\M {d. 1537), 

monk of the Cistercian abbey of WludWy il 
Lancashire, was a vounger fon of "WilUa 
llaydockofCottJimllull, near Preston, Lane 
shire, hy Joan, daughter of William Hetonc 
Heiuii. He was concerned, togetUt-r with I 
ablKit, John Pasleu, and a fellow-monk. Job 
Eastgnte. in the insurrection in Iht; north i 
England of 10^6, commonly known as it 
Pilgrimage of Grac*'. They were tried fi| 
thisoflence at the a.^i£ef) at Lam^aster in tl 
following sprinir, and were, afit-r convictia 
sent back to \Vhalley for execulj.in. 11 
abbot and Eaatga^*-' were hanged on 10 Ma_ _ 
1637. Haydock underwent the same pcnalt 
two days later, in a field called, according t 
a nearly contemporary manuscript roncvrq 
ing AVhftlley, • Little' Imps ' or 'The Imp 
yanl,' that i*. a plot of ground for reario 
young trees, or a nun*ery garden. Sic 
eays the cxetmtion tt>ok place on 13 Ma 
' nt W'halley in the field calh^d Pixleamguiei 
a pbice doubtfully ideutified by Dr. Whitak 
witheitherPndibamGreen or Pad! ham Ku 
both of which are some five mika fmm Wh 
ley (not at AMialley, as Slow says). Haf 
dock's body was not quarlertjd and set up i, 
divers places, as Ihotie of the abbot and Kaafe 
gate wei«; but, after hanging eome time, i^ 
was clandestinely removed by his neph»i 
also 'William Hayduek, and secreted at Co 
lam Hall, the f^aii of the family, where it i 
discovered when the house was pulled < 
in the early part of this century. 

[Sto»'s AnnalFS, p. 573; SjK»ed'» (.'hn>nid« 
p. 21 ; Whitukcr's Hist, of WbaUey, 4t)i ti^ 
i. 109; Gaaiaei'a Henry VllI and the English 



k 



ItfoiinsUtriiv*. 11. 1419; Oillow';!t Hnjdtii-k I'apuni, 
p. 4. nntl ilibl. Diet. Koelisli CnthoIicH, iii. 
•iaO-l ; Couchw Itnuk of Wlmlli-y Ablvv. iv. 
1 170, 1210 ; Colt. MS. Vt3i«i*. i). rvii. f. 16.1 

C. T. Al. 



HAYDON. [See aho IIetdos.] 




HAYBON, BENJAMIN KOBERT 
fl78<>-1846), hisiorical pninter, born in 
SVimpole Street, Plymouth, on 'ifi Jan. 178fl, 
vruson of aprint<>rand i)ul)]i<iber, whoc»niL' 
of an old I)evon«hirL' f«mily. Hi** raolhur, 
&h Coblej", vrai tin* (laiijfbhT of tlie lit* v. 
3. Cobley, curate of Sliilliii-^rorcl, ami aftcr- 
krda rector of l>(Mlhmnke. liotli liis rntliiT 
ad prfltidfatbcr wen* fond of paint inff. AVIicn 
years old Benjamin was sent to t he jjrnm- 
' school at Plymouth undtT Br. Bidlaky, 
cho enrouraired bini to sketch from nattirp; 
and a N'eBj»olitan named I'Vnzi, employed by 
his father as a bfiokbinder, excited hi.s ima- 
piuation by describing the works of Kapbnid 
and Mif^lii*) An^idn, and urj^Nl bim to draw 
I he bjriire. A t nn «arly a;re he showed >rreat in- 
dfjjendence and df-termiimtion of mind, com- 
bined with a desiri' for distinction. Ih' pive 
dramatic ontertaJiiments to hi.s schoolfoUow.^ 
in the dmwinp-room, and .'but himself up in 
the tttic to paint and lecture to himself. 

MIe woa allowed to read the books in his 
ttber's shop, and showed h preference for 
be livesof ambitious men. His fnther.stieinf^ 
bo new! for sever^'r discipline, sent bim in 
7PS to the frmmmar whool at Plympton, 
./her*' be remamed under the Ilev.W. Haynes 
till 1801. n« ro.»e to be head bny, and ac- 
miin>d a fair knowledge of Lntin. (treek,and 
rrench. While there be indulged bis loTe 
of art. by copying caricatures and adorning 
the ball with a spirited lumtinpiwjene drawn 
with burnt .-(ticka. He nlwi tiiu^ht his scbool- 
feUowt* drawing', and tried his hand at etch- 
inj^. After six montbi* with an accountant 
at E.\eter, he was biuiiid apprentice to bi^ 
^^Jatber, but hirt ambition to U* a painter was 
^^■K)t to Im* conquered. An attack of inflam- 
^^mution of the eyes, which lef^ a permanent 
dimnc^ts of jii^ht'did not discourage him, and 
after three years of rebellion, during which 
he fitudjed anat^imy from ALbinu?, and in- 
ffulted bis father's cMistomen*. he 8tJirti*d nn 
la May 1W4, with *J0/. in bis pocket, for 
' I>indnn, Sir .Timliua, drawing, dissection, 

Kd bich art.* 
He delenuined to devote himself to study 
■ two vears before he beffan to paint. He 
look lofigings at ii Broad Street, t'amaby 
^_JUarket, and ne.vt day TiEtitml th<* exhibition 
^^bf the Itoyal Academy at Somerset House. 
H^eatlsHed that he need fear no rival in his- 
toTical painting, he straigbtwoy bought some 



plaster casts, and K'gan drawing from the 
round. He did not deliver his cards of in- 
trotluction, but rt^mained for several months 
liefore he knuw any one in London except 
Prince Hoar»», who introduced him to Fusell 
and Northcoto. From thtise as well as from 
t>pic and Smirko ho sought advice, but ho 
determined to do without a ma-ster, and went 
ou attending t he Academy scbiviU and Charles 
Bell'.s lectures on anatttmy, working aome- 
timea twelve or fourteen hours a day till 
more I bun the two years were over. He 
altain»»d a certain predominance nmong llip 
students of thi; Academy, and made friends 
with Wilkio und Jackson. 

On I Oct. 18(X; he began his first picture, 
'Joseph and Mary resting on the Hoad to 
Eg;i'pt.' This was one of the least ambiiioiifi 
in u Iwl of tbirty-tMght .subjects which he Imd 
drawn up before or very shortly after be came 
to London. He chose a canvas si.v feet by 
four, and tinlsbed the picture in six months. 
Buring its progress Sir (4eoi^ and Ijidy 
Bfiiuniont called up<m him, and he was in- 
troduced to Lord Mulgrave, who gave htm a 
commission for a picture of ' Uentatus.' The 
* Joseph and Mary' was bung ou the lino at 
the .\caderay. and bought by Tbomoa Hope 
of Deepdene for a hundred guineas. Suc- 
cess also attended him at Plymouth, where 
ho went to see his father, whu was iU, and 
to paint portraits, for practice as a prepara- 
tion for ' Bentatus.'at lifteen guineas apiece. 
Before he n'tumed to town his mother died. 
He found it difUeiil! to realise bis heroic ideal 
of ' Bentatus' unlil Wilkit' tixik bim to se«» 
the Elgin marbles, then rt'cently arrivwl at 
Lord Elgin's Iioilw in Park I^ne. There 
seems to be no doubt that he was the first to 
see their extraordinary merit, and on return- 
ing home he 'dasht^I out the abominable 
masa* of his * Dentatus,* and * bn^thed as if 
relieved from a nuisance.' He obtaiuvd per- 
mission to draw fnjm the marbles, and for 
threw months worked at them ten, fourte«n, 
and soinol imes Hf^een hours at a t ime. * Uen- 
tatus' was painted in and nut many times 
before it was completed in March 1809. 
Buring its prc^rre^s his patnting-room wa» 
crowded with admirers, among whom w«» 
Charles (afVerward* Sir Charles) Eastlake 
[q. v.], bis Hrst pupil, and he was intrixluced 
t)y l^nl Mulgravt^ intothemostdistinguiobed 
society, where he was flattt^red and hailed na 
the reviver of art. 

The pict ure was hung in t he octagon room 
at the Academy, au oct which was reganled 
by Havdon as an insult. I^ord Mulgrnve.to 
console him, sent biro a cheque for fifty or 
sixty guineas, in addition t-o its price of one 
hundpod, but hta fiur-weather friends deserted 




[ay don 



284 



Havdon 



hitt paintiiifif-rooin, nnd though he tried to 
divert his mhid from Ids di$u|)p<^iintmi?ut by 
vifforyus reodLnft. his health gnvo way, and 
li»! went home lor fivo weeks. Wilkie went 
with him, nnd tht-y pnid a visit to Sir George 
Beaumont ut CultJtirton, whi-n* Sir Oeorg« 
cave bim & commissluu for a picture of ' Mac- 

Wh.- 

Commenct'd in 1809, ' Miieheth' was not 
finished till I Jan. 181:i, nnd during n great 
part of thirt time Ifayilou hv.'d (Mitinrly uiK)n 
cr«ljt,hifl fathtu'ViiUpplies having failrHl alto- 
gether btfore the eud of 1811). He had 
scarcely begun the picture before he had a 
dispute with Sir Ocorge about the sire. Sir 
(Jeorge agreed to take tho picture if he liked 
it when it was GniKhed. and if n(tt, to give 
him a cummiMion for a Binaller one. Sir 
(itfOrge did not like it when it was finished, 
and Ilaydon refused tho smaller commi&^ion, 
and also the cheque for a hundred guinea.^ 
which he was offered as com|>enfation. Sir 
(leorge, whose kindne-s-i and jwitienco in the 
matter were oxtrKordinary. ultimately bought 
thi^ picture for two hundred guineas. I'unng 
these years Haydon's name was up for elect ion 
at the Koyul Academy, but he did not receive 
a vole, and evm C. \i. I a-sHw [i\. v.], who gent^- 
rally take>t tlit* part of the .\cadcmy against 
llnydon, allows that the election of George 
Dawe [q. v.l in 1809, in preference to the 
painter of ' Deiitatus,' was diagraonful. In 
1810 this ' Dentalua' gained the premium of 
ft hundred guineas ofTiTed by the direct^irs 
of tho British Qallery for the beat historical 
picture, althougli the prize was competed for 
by Howard theacatlemician, hut this triumph 
brought llavdon little pecuniary ndief, and 
embittered his relations with the .Academy. 
lie sent a picture of ' KomtM> and Juliet* to 
the Academy this year, but withdrew it on 
hearing it was to bo hung in the octagon 
room. .Vltogether the years devoted to jMiint- 
ing ' Macbeth' were almost devoid of encou- 
mgcment, but Ilaydon's strength of will 
never allowed him to 8wer^•e from his pur- 
pose. * Nothing,' he writes, 'could exceed my 
enthusiasm, my devotion, my fury of work — 
B<ditary,high-mindei.l,t mating in God, glory- 
ing in my country's honour.' 

All bin life ifaydon ki*pt a loumal, QVt- 
denlly intended t« be published, or al least 
to form the basis of iin autobiography which 
he commenced, but did not live to complete. 
In it he entered every event of importance, 
chronicling day by day his thoughts and 
feelings, and the progress of his pictures, il- 
lustrated by vigorous sketchetf. It is con- 
tained in tweMty-*ix volumes, ' bulky, parch- 
ment-bound, ledger-like folios,' and is one of 
the most tragical records extant. HeavilyiQ 



debt, having ciuonvlled wit h the Academy andi 
alienated bis most powerful frie-nds, IlayduD 
ill-advisedlv ]uiblislied three letters in th4 
' Examiner^ {-JG Jan. and 2 and H Fob. 1812), ' 
on the eve of the apwarance of his 'Macbeth.' 
In them he ridiculed Payne Kaight for hia 
opinions upon Barry and high art, and at* J 
tacked the .\cademy with mucli violence. Thai 
letters, written with great vigour, contained] 
too mtich truth to pass without a atornijT 
thevincreaae^l the animosity ofthe Academy|i 
and alienated the directors of the Briti*liJ 
(iaUery, of whom Payne Knight was one ofl 
tho most influential. * Macbeth' wa.-; sent ToT 
the Gallery to comix''te for tho prizo of tbrcfl 
.hundre<l guiooaii. The directors would not-1 
give it to Haydon. and there was none elsa f 
who deserved it if he did not. They deter-i 
mined not to give any prizes, but ^N'itb tbftJ 
money purchased a picture bv H^nryJ. Kich-| 
ter of 'Christ Healing lh« ftUnd.' Haydon 1 
returned indignantly liO/. sent by the di-l 
rectors to pay for his frame, which bad co«tf 
(HU. He was probably right in regarding the 
action of the directors as a breach of faith. 

He had already begun a fresh picture, ' Thel 
Judgment of Solomon,' on a canvas 12 feeCf 
10 inches by 10 feet 10 incbe.**, which wa^j 
not finishiHl till IHll, by which time he wa.«i 
1,100/. in debt. He got credit from liistradeA-j 

1HK)ple, and borrowed from his friends Wilkie, j 
liUon, the Hunts (Leigli and John), Ben- 
jamin W'est. and others. Butnolbiugdamptil 
liis ardour, which he describes as * eni h usiasni 
stimulated by despair almost to delirium.' | 
Once be painted for fifteen hours at a stretch, 
lived for a fortnight on ytotatoes, and wheal 
he received the news uf hi§ father's fl'*ath b»l 
went on painting. His health broke downf 
just as he completed the jiiclure, which wsaI 
»en( to t!ieexhd>ilionoftht<WuIer-cnlour So- 
ciety in Spring ^rardfus, and cn?ated a .ien*a- 
tion. The directors of the British Gallery 
wanted to buy it, but it wa.s already sold to 
Sir William Elford and Mr. Tinirecombe^ 
bankersof Plymoulh.forsix hundred guineas, j 
Lord Mulgrave and Sir George Beaumont] 
were warm in congral ulat ions. .\caderaieian»i 
praised it, and again his table was covereill 
with cards ofthe iinbility and dislinguisbetll 

Sersotm. Tliu money did not pay half lii»i 
ebls, but it n'stored his credit, and bavinfl 
ordered another enormous canvas, he rubbed 
in hid 'Christ's Kntry into Jerusalem,' and 
went over with Wilkie to Paris, then in the 
occupation of the allied armies. Haydon en- 
joyed anil studied the mjisttTjueces collected 
iiithe Louvre, andtbe aoldiers of all natioii.t 
crowding the streets. In hia absence tho Bri- 
tish Institution had voted him a hundred 
g-nincas for iiia ^Solomon,' and the freedom 



[avdon 



23s 



[aye 



of Plymouth wna conferred upon him. Yet 
the triumph of 'Solomon* brouglit him no 
commuuiions.and the cxhihitinn uf il in V\y- 
mouth, Liverpool, nnd Birmingham vraA a 
failure. He now set to work with renewed 
vnergfyon bis 'Christ's Entry into Jerusalem,* 
which took him six years to compiele. lie 
writes on '29 April 1815 : ' Never Imve I had 
eudi irresistible and perpetual urginj^s of 
future greatness. I have bet'n like a man 
with air-balloons under his armpits and other 
in bifl soul.' Dut the progress of his picture 

I was much intemipted from weakness of his 
eyes ond a controversy about the Klein 
xnnrhle.i. Canova arrived in England in 1815, 
■nd eonfinned Hoydnn*s view» «s to their 
leupreniH merit. A committee of the House 
•of Commons was apjiointed to consider the 
iquestion of purchase for the nation. Out of 
'^nMderation to VnyneKnight, ITavdon'sevi- 
dence van rot called for, but ho wrot« an 
article 'On the Judgment of f*onnoi8seur9 
iK'ing preferred to that of Professional Men/ 
which mercilessly exposed the ignorance of 
Fayne Knight, and demonstrnted with great 
vigour and knowledge the merits of the 
marbles. It appmriHl in bnih thi* ' Examiner' 
and the ' Champion,' and, as SirThomas Law- 
rence said, saved the marbles. Lawrence 
added that it would ruin Haydon, but llaydon 
was well on tho road to ruin already. He 
waa penniless, but would not paint market- 
able pictures. Sir (ieorge Beaumont gave 
him ft commission, but he did not execute it ; 
Jlr. (afterwards Sir) George Phillips gnve 
him another for a pirturo of ' Christ's Agony 
in the Garden,' but be spent an advancjj of 
200/., and wius in nii hurry to finish the ]iic* 
ture. It is now at the South Kensington 
Xiiseum. With reckless extravagance he had 
casta taken of tho Elgin marbles, and made 
presents of them to Canova and others. He 
took pupils for notbinc, and set up a -••chool to 
rival the Academy, He got into the hands of 
.the money-lenders. He i^pctit much time in 
lirritiugeAsays on art and attacks on the Aca- 
Memy for Elmes's ' .Annals of Art.' and if it 
lliatl not been for the generous »N.stATance of 
Ifi'tends and patrons In* wnuld probably have 
Isiever tniished hi.i 'Christ's Entry into Jeru- 
Jem.' AVlien it was finished at lost, Haydon, 
Ivithout a penny in his pocket, engaged the 
at room at the Eg^-jit ian I lall for a year at 
I/., and op*^ned the exhibition on 1^7 March 
\^20. Itssiiccefiswa*great; the net pmfitsof 
lliMPxhihition in London amotmted to nearly 
1,,TOO/., and it wa« afterwanl.s exhibiied suc- 
ce«sfully nt Edinburgh nnd Glasgow, hut he 
wa§ still deeply in debt wh«n in Heceniber 
, he commenced his ' Ijuarua * ( now in the Na- 
liouftl Gallery) on a canvas 10 feet long by 




15 feet high. It waa not finiabed till D^ 

ctraber 18^2. 

In October 1831 Haydon married Mary 
IJymans, a beautiful widow, with whom he 
had been in love for somcyeare.and aboutthis 
time his creditors began to take active stops 
against him. A few months before and agam 
shortly after his marriage he was arrested for 
debt, and in November \S'2'J he hod an exe- 
cution in tho boustp. Hiseldfwt son, Frank, 
was born in December. ' Laxaru*?* was exhi- 
bited at the Egyptian Hall in the March fol- 
lowing. TheexiiibitioD was very succeasful, 
but the picture was seized by creditors almost 
iinmediaiely with the rest of his property, 
including a new huge canvas on which be 
bad already commenced n picture of 'The 
Crucifixion.' 1 le was imprii^onwl in the King'n 
Bench till 'Jh July. ' Lararus' wa* sold to 
his upholsterer for liO/., and ' Tlie Entry of 
Christ into Jerusalem ' (now at Philadelphia ) 
for 240/. 

Henceforth, though full of acti^-ity in 
varioiia directions, bis career as a painter was 
maimed. Hitherto thiacareerhad been che- 
quered, buton the whole brilliant. His aims 
were high, and if he formed an exaggerated no- 
tion of his own genius and the importance of 
his mission as an artist, he was encouraged in 
his delusions by some of the moBt cultivated 
and gifted men of the day. Among his ad- 
mirers were Sir Walter Scott, Keats, Charles 
I^mb, Wordsworth, S«nithev, Hazlitt, Miss 
Koote, Miss Joanna Baillie, 3tfi^ Mitford, and 
Mr»<.SiddonB. Wordsworthaddressedbimtbe 
fine sonnet commencing ' High is our calling, 
friend! creative art;* Keats evidently re- 
ferred to him in bi.^ sonnet l>*»ginning' Great 
Spirits now on earth are sojourning;' Mias 
Nlitford and Charles Lamb joined thechorua. 
Distinguished foreigners, like Canova and 
Cuvicr, Hnnice Vemet and the Grand Duke 
Michael of Kussiu, had come to see the great 
picture of ' Jenisaleni ' in prc^rews. He bad 
an eutbusiai^tic fullowingof pupils, including 
Cliarlesand Thomas Landneer, William Har- 
vey, George Lance, William Uowick, nnd 
others. He firralv believed, too, that God 
wason hiaside. llisjoumaU are interwoven 
with pravera. The year before his death he 
wrote: ''fho moment I touch a great canvo-t 
1 think I see my Creator smiling on all my 
effort* — the moment I do mean things for 
sub*<ietence, I feel an if he liad turned his 
bark, and what's more 1 b<dieve it.' 

Erom prison Haydon pi>titioned parlia- 
ment to grant money for the decoration of 
churches and othur public buildings witli 
jMtntings, and on his release his Hrst inten- 
tion was to return to his stripped home and 
paint Ilia ' Crucifixion/ But to this hi« wife 



Ilaydon 



3U 



Hay5on 



objected, and thuy took UHljfiiifrs I 
Qt Pttddinglon (_iret'u, ai'lerwnrds 



1 for a wliile 
ds reiuovinfj: 
to Lisbon Grove. Jle now began to paint 
portrftita and ^.Tuall pictureft for a livt^linofjil, 
out his small pictures, |mrlly on account ul' 
his e^'cKifrht {K*rhum, Wfxt! never suceeB»fu), 
and portrait-painting was not liia vocation. 
He roiild catch a ritron^ likeness, and when 
he had a line subject like Wordsworth he 
became interested in his work, but he gene- 
rally look(*d upon poTtr«it-i>H:nling as *o 
tnaudliu fiubatitule for a p(»>tic life.* lentil 
18.S7 he struggled im |)itiabl,v; he wa^ thrice 
impri^ouedf his wife lo«t her littlo fortune, 
and five of his children die<l. His pictures 
of tJie period inc;lude * Pharaoh dismi<:fling 
X[oiic«,' ' Venus and Anchiaes' (for Sir John 
Leycestor), • Alexander and Bucuphalus ' 
(bought by I^rd Egremont I, * Napoleon' 
(for feir Itobert IVel), *Tlie Keform Banijuet' 
U«r Karl <trey), 'Caswindm" (for the Duke 
of {Sutherland J 'Xennphon' (rallied for, now 
in the Kui<!u-ll IrimUtutton), 'The l>»>Hth cif 
Kueles' (mllti^d for), a liumorou!* ])irture, 
and ' Punch' (now in theNatiunaUittllery ). 
Two others wore suggested by his ex]ieri- 
enco during his second imprisonment, when 
he witnessed the burlesuue election of two 
members for the King's Bench. *Tlie M<ick 
Klection,' the Hrst ot these, was admired by 
AVilkio, and purchased by tJeorge IV for 
five hunilred guincaB. nnd for 'Chairing the 
Member' bi; ohlaini-d hulf that pr)(^>. In 
1830 he sought reconciliatinn with the aca- 
demicians, but though they receive<l his over- 
lures in a friendly way, they would not vote 
for liini either In I82ti or 1827. In these 
years and in 18:!H he exhibited at the Royal 
Academy, but not again till 184:.'. Even 
bia commi-ssions werv a source of trouble. 
TImt. for 'Alexander and Bucephalus' w*as 
wilhdraw^n, but I^rd Kgrrmont came to his 
rescue and purchasod it. The 'Kefonii Ban- 
quet ' (well known from its engraving) waa 
(•xhibiled at a heavy loss, and the coqxiratinn 
of London withdrew^ their eommiiwion for a 
copy of it. The price of * Napoleon ' was the 
sunject of a misunderstanding with Sir K<i- 
bert Peel, which bitterly incensed Uaydou. 
Ilaydon'ftCouragi?«nd enorgv never failed, 
and ho waa constantly occupied with schemes 
lor the promotion of art in I'lngland, vs[tv- 
cially the decoration of public buildings and 
the establishment of schools of design. He 
petitioned parliament, wrote letters to minis- 
tern, and uiwmI thfi (ipporliinity of the sittings 
given him for the relorm picture topn'As his 
projecta on Lord Grey, Lord Althorp. and 
other powerful men. In 1834 his petition 
for spaces to be left for pictures ou the 
walla of the new houses of parliament was 



approved, and his scheme for schools of da 
sign was accepted by Kwart'a conimitttw 
IN^u. He had also the satisfaction of fteeinfj 
the privileges of his old cne.my the R<:tva, 
Academy invaded by this committee. II^ 
meddled also in politics, and was for a whil 
energetic on the subject of reform. 
wrote three letters to the 'Times,' and wa 
invited by the Birmingham radicjils to coo 
out us a political sjiuaker. Tht>y also con 
mis-Kioned him to paint apicture of the Nei 
]Ial1 Hill meeting, but this tliey witlidrewjj 
ll was also during this period that he cou 
menced his cAreer as a lecturer. On 8 Sep 
1H;}r> ho delivered the first of a succeMfu 
aeries of lectures at the London Mechanic 
Institution on painting and design. Hi. 
wife's companionship and his perifect pby*1 
sical health helped to eustuiu his euergj. , 
during these years (I^iJ^'J"). 

Tber« fnllowed a season of comparatira 
rest and friHHlom from pwniniari' embarras 
mentsand domestiecalamilie.^. PiscontentetlJ 
with the Eovernment M:h»ol of de.-.jgn aUi 
Somerset House, where drawing from ihaj 
figure was not taught, be assisted Hwart^T 
Wysc, and others in establishing an oppoei- j 
tion school (with a model) at Savile llousep 
which was dropped in 1S39, after it faa " 
forced the Somerset Jlouse schnol to intr 
duce dmwing from the living figure. 
lectures now became an important source of 
income. They wen' delivered in Liverp'jol,.^ 
Mancbestar, and in the chief manufacturiop. 
to^vns f>f the nnrlh, and led to many com- 
missions for pictures, including ' Christ Ble 
ing Little C/hildren,' for the church of thoj 
Blind Asylum at Liverpool, and the well-l 
known pictuni of the Duke of Wellingtoa ^ 
musingonthe fieldof Wjiterloo.ncommissiotk 
from H committee uf Liverpool geutlemen»J 
In 1840 he commi^need the picture of 
meeliugof the .^nti-Slavery Society at Free-1 
masons' liall, with ('larkson HjK'aking, now 
in the National Portrait Cinllery. In the 
same year he lecturml at Oxford, and wuft^^ 
proud of his reception by tho university. ^| 

Ho afterwards painted the 'Maid of Sara- 
gassa/ * Mettus Curtins,' 'Uriel and Satan/ 
and ' Edward th« Black Prince,' some oC 
whicli were exhibiled »l the Hoynl Academy, 
(ISliJ-H), hut the principal interest of tbpj*i 
lateryeari*.WBs tho (leconition of the houses o\ 

f)a.rliunienl. The scheme bad lH.'en broacheL 
ty him in 1812, and hud since been pmsi-ed 
by him on parliament nnd the gov^rnmimt 
in season and out of w>ai)on, but wht>n the 
scheme was carried out he was overlooked. 
Before the flue arts committee of \Si\ her 
was not oven examined; nnd when Princo 
Albert's fine on comminion was appointed^ 



i 



IvitU ]]ay<]nn'it old pupil FtiKtlako im oeerf- 
ItAr)', \i\» 8UggeB(iuQf( and ofli*rK of mtslslancu 
QCt wiih a cold reoeprion. lie ruined Uia 
cliancca of favour in high quarters by an 
int<'mporatc letter to tlio 'Times' o^ainst 
what lie called 'the Ocrman nuisance, after 
the vifit of thu (terman artist Complins to 
this country liiid roused a ouAplciou llmt 
.Tierinan arlist^ were to Iw employed. IIi.* 
|coin»eteiI without suceeiw at the cart'xin 
redhibition in lb43; and in 1845, with the 
courage of despair, he determined to paint 
and t!xhibit to the public his projected series 
of MX picturtB to'illugtratc the best govern- 
ment to regulate without crninping the li- 
' ertlea of mankind.' Of thoRO he fiuiehed 
Itiivo only, the * Banishment of Aristides* and 
^* Neni playing the lyre durin/; the burning 
af Unim*,' which were exhibit't^d at tlm 
Egy])tirtn llall in 18Ui. To liiainieuHe irri- 
tatKjn/i'omTbumb, t hti celebrated dwarf, wafl 
drawing crowds toanuthern>om of the same 
building nt the same time, lie elowd hi? 
exhibition with a loss of 111/. 8«. lOd.^ and 
bravely set to work at the third of thescriea, 
'King Alfred,' but the strain waa too great. 
~le committed suicide on 22 June 1840. 

The coroner's jury brought in a verdict of 
insanity. Haydon emplovLHl his lost hours 
in writing a will, in whii-u hu ntviewed bis 
life, and exnrc£»ed hiA lasl wislies in a mau- 
ler unusually calm and clear. J)ut he had 
lived for a great part of his life on the bor- 
Itten of tiuicide, if not of insanity. Jle started 
■with a few ideas so firmly ssut that nothing 
would aItT tbeir diryclion until the inevit- 
ablo catastrophe, lie v-'&s pure in thought 
and act, generous, lofty in aim, a good hus- 
band, father, and friL>n<I. His mind was 
U'idti in its gmsp and well cultivated, \ih 

I* udgment Miuud in matters u tieonnetUed wit h 
limself and his art. Ilia life, like his art, 
waa huroic at least in scale and intention. 
If his vanity and his unserupuloufiness in 
money matters transcended all ordinary Bt,an- 
dards, so al.-^i did liis energy- and his power 
of endurance, rnfortunatfly his dreams for 
Lfiie glory of art and the glory of Ida country 
rere so bound up with the glory of Ilaydnn 
~ to tuint his whole career with egotism, 
la 5fr. a. F. Watts, Il.A., wrote, ' his 
lictures arc himself, and fail aa he failed.' 
"* ey had thesame faultofself-a«ertionand 
olence. AVith an occasional approach to 
the sublime, ns in his head of Lazarus, th(>v 
are seldom without some exaggeration whic^ 
repebu His drawiug, remarkable foritsknow- 
leage of anatomy, wa.4 without et^ance and 
'dclective in proportion. His colour, rich at 
limes, woa vcrv unequal, and seldom har- 
monious oa n whole. Vigoroufi in their oon- 



cepiion, his piciun<s ore without refinement 
or pathos ; they may imprests, but they seldom 
or never please. Asa lecturer and writer on 
art his success was more aesured. In spite 
of their attacks on the .\cademy, nnd other 
outbursts of perpiinal fetding,luH writings ore 
full of sound teaching, expresM'd in a clcar^ 
picture^uc, nnd vigorous c:ly]e. 

Besides many ' Descriptions ' of Ins pic- 
tures, copies of some of wnich in the British 
Museum have maumtcript notes by tlieauthor, 
Haydon published (all m 8vo): l.*Tlie Juilg- 
ment of Connoisseurs upon Works of Art com- 
pared with that of Professional Men, in refer- 
ence more particularly to the ICIgin Marble^/ 
Ijondon, lolti. 2. * New Churches considured 
with n«T)ect to tiie opportunities theyairorrl 
for the Encouragement of Painting,' London, 
1318. a. 'Comparniaon entre la t^te d'un 
des Chevaits do Verise, qui ^taient sur Tare 
triomphalo des Thuilleries. et qu'on dil ^tre 
de Lysippe, et la Tete de Chcval d'Elgin du 
Parthenon,' London, 1818. 4. 'Descriptions 
of Drawings from the Ciirtoona aild Elgin 
Marbles by Mr, Hardon's Pupils' [signed 
* B. R. H;], London". I8ia fl. 'Some Ed- 
quiiT into the CauBps which haveobstnicted 
the Course of Historical Painting for the lost 
seventy years in England,' 1829. tS, Hhi 
Academies of Art (mon* particularly the 
Royal Academy) and their pernicious ufTect 
on th(' (ienius of Europe. Lecture xiii.,' 
London, 181)0, 7. ' 'nionghts on the relative 
value of Fresco and Oil Painting as ap- 
plied to the Architectural Decorations of 
the Housrf-s of Parliament,' London, 1842. 
8. 'Lectures on Painting and Design,' 2 vols., 
London, 1844-(i. Thereareaome manuscript 
notes bv Huydon in the British Museum 
copy of XVilliams's Life of Sir T. Lawrence. 

Haydon's eldest sou, Frank Scott Hav- 
DOS (1822-1887), was engaged in the Pub- 
lic Itecord ( HHce, and besides * Calendars of 
Documents' included in the deputy-keeper's 
reports, edited the ' Ealogium rlistonarum * 
for the HoUs Series in 18(i8. He committed 
suicide, 29 Oct. 1887. ITia second son, 
FbKDEKICK WoBDflWOKTH IUtdo.\ (1827- 
1886), was for n time in the navy, nnd was 
afterwards im^pector of factoriM. He waa 
dismissed from the service in 1867, when ho 

fubtisbed a letter addressed to the Right 
Ion. W. E. Gladstone, and entitled 'Our 
Officials at the Home Office.' He published 
his father's * Correstiondence and Table-Talk ' 
with a memoir in 1876. He died at Iteth- 
Ichem Hospital on 12 Nov. 1886, sged 59. 

(Tom Taylor's Life of IIiijdoD ; V. W. Hay- 
don's Benjamin Robert Haydon, Iils Corrof-pood- 
enee nnd Table Talk ; Cunniughnni'ii Livm 
(Uettton) ; Masterpieces of Eoglish Art (an. on 



Hayes 



UnjrdoTi Iit Austin Dobmn); Annsls nf thi' Finu 
Arts (wmaining mMiy articlca by Hajdrm, and 
his lifo doirn to 1819 t<y Elmrs, the editor); 
Itedgr&rc'B Centurjr of Painturs.] C. M. 

HAYES, Urn. CATUAItlNE (161K)- 
1726)^ niunlereajt, wbo(t<> mnidLMi natrn* wiu 
llnll, WM Itorn near RinningliHin in HiiK). 
At the miii »1* sixteen filit> uuvt! up a iliarepu- 
table lift? to marry John Iluytia, a carjienter. 
Tho husbaud'fl trade not ppoj*|KTinp they went 
to Londou, set up a amall i^hop ia Tyburn, 
afterwurds Oxford Road, and let lougings. 
Towftrds the close of 1725 there come as 
lodgers two men named Wood and BilUnui*. 
Although the mother of twelve children she 
was criminally iDttmate with these personSf 
and the three determined to remove Hayes. 
tin 1 i^tarch 1720 thry kill«;d htm, after mak- 
ing him insenniblf! with drink. The body 
was cut up and Hung in tt box into a pond at 
Marylebone. The head was cast into the 
Thames; when found on the following day 
it was publicly exposed in the ehurcnyara 
of St. Mar^arvt'ei, Wi-st minster, for aeveral 
days, and lue murdered man was thus ideu- 
lified. On 2i March the trunk and limbs 
were discovered. Catharine Hayp«and Bil- 
lings h«d nutanwhile been arrested on a war- 
rant; Wood waiiaipturedsbortlv afterwards, 
andconfeiti^ed the whole affair. Billing then 
ndniitted hU complicity, but Ilayeg denied all 
knowlodgfiof the murder. At ttie trial Hayes 
pleaded * not guilty,' but waa convictocl of 
m-tty treason, and sentenced to be burnt alive. 
VVuod and nillitijf* were wenlcnctsl to be 
hftupvd. The case excited much |K>pular at- 
tention, ami the trial wa-* attended by many 
noblemen ami gentlemen ( London Joumal, 
JSO April 17^0). ]i*?fore 9 May, the dayfixed 
for tne execution, Wood die<l in Newgate, 
liut an attempt by Hayea to uoiaon herself 
-failed. On V) May she was tiea to the stake 
At Tyburn with a halt*r round her neck. 
The executioner was foiled in an endeavour 
to strangle her by the burning of the rope, 
and the woman was finally killed by a piere 
of wood which waa t.hrown at her head and 
dashed out her brains. Billings was hanged 
in cliaiu-4 in Marylebone Fields. At the 
lime Hayes's crime wa^ enshrined in ballads, 
and a correspondent of the ' Loudon Jour- 
nal ' drew a voluminous parallel between the 
murders of John Hayes and .\rdeu of I'ever- 
ohoin. Thackeray based his story of 'Cathe- 
rine,' which first appeared in ' Fruser'a Ma^a- 
xine,' 1839-^0, on tho career of Cathanne 
Hayefl. 

[Lifo of CAtharine Hayes, 1736; New New- 
gate Cidnndar. 1818, ii. 99.127; Daily Journal 
and Daily Pofft, Harch-May 1726; Notes aod 
Qoorite, Ut »or. it. AO.] A. V. 



V oca 111 



P'O. 

3 



Hayes 

' HAYES, CATHERl NE, aAerward? 
TiicitiXE Blsu.veli. (I*2."i-18tU), 
was born of hnmblo paronta.ge at 4 Patri 
Stn-et, Limerick, on 29 Oct. 1855. At 
early age her vocal talents att racted t he not 
of Bishop Knox of Limerick, and through 
exertions funds were procured to enable h< 
to study in Dublin under Antonio Sapio, 
from 1 April 1839 until August 184-J. H 
fin*! appearance took place on li May IH.'K) 
yupio's annual concert in the liotunda, Ou! 
lio. I-jirly next year she Banff in her uatj 
city, and then frequently in Dublin, and u 
raiftod her terms to ten guineas a concert. 
ArtiT hejiring Grisi and Mario iu *Xorma* 
on 13 S4-pt. 1841, she decided to come oi^H 
on the lyric 8tagt<, and, going to Paris atj 
12 Oct. \B42, studied under Manuel Garcia, 
who after a tuition of a year and a half ad- 
visi'd her to proceed to' Italy. At Milan 
she U'came llie pupil of Felice Ronconi, and 
through the intenontion of Madame (iraK«ini 
waa engaged for the Imlian Opera IIoujip, 
Marseilles, where tm 10 May 1S4G she mad 
her first apptwirance on tho stage a» Elvira ' 
•I Puritani," and waa enthusiastically a, 
]>laude<l. After her ri>tum to Milan she c(>i 
tinned her studies under Ronconi, until M 
relli, the director of La Scala at Milan, ofie 
her an engagement. Here herOrst cbaracti 
WHS Linda, and she waa recalled twelve 
tiiut-s by the audience. Her voice had now 
become a f>opnino of the sweeteit quality^! 
and of good cdinpa&s, nacending with ease tdH 
1> in alt. The ur»p<;r notes wen? limpid, an^ 
like a wcll-tiined silver bell up to A. Her 
lower Unics were tho most Iwaiitiful evo^ 
beard in a real *r)prano, and her trill was r 
markabty good. .She was n touching act re 
in all her standard parts. She wa.-s tall, wii 
a fine figure, and graceful in her movement 
She remained at Milan during the autumn <_ 
I8-J6 and the carnival of 184<i, and took thi. 
choract era of Lucia, Xora in • ft[o»6 in Egitto,' 
Dcsdemona, and Amina. Later on in I84fl 
she sang inA'icnna, and on the first night of 
the carnival of 1847 appeared in \'enice in a 
poor opera compnwd for her by MaleKjiino, 
a nohlnman, ytititled * Albcrpo di UomanoJ 
Returning to \'ienna, she took part in * Ii 
trcllftp* expressly written for her by 1\X\ 
After a tour cf the Italian cities, *»ho 
turned to England in 1H49. when Delafie 
engaged her for the spawn at a salary oL 
1,300/. On Tuesday, 10 April, she made hflf, 
tiSbut at Covent Garden in ' Linda di Cha- 
mouni/and was received with much warmth.l 
At the close of the season she sang beforo 
the queen at Buckingham Palace. On ftNov. 
1849 she uppearcfl at a concert given by the 
Dublin PUiiharmottic Society, and oAcrwardfti 




Hayes 



at the Tlienrre Hoyol, Duhlin, in Lticia, 
whtrn till! K<l(fardo wiia w) Imclty ]ilayi>(l thut 
an ujipiar enttuetl, Hnd SiinH Kecve^, one uf 
the audionee, took hU plac-o on the stoffe. 
Uader Lumley's inautigi'mont Miss Hayes 

Slaved Lucia at Ht-r Moje^tiy'a Theatre, Lon- 
on. on 2 April If.'H), but owing to ill- 
limlth and other cnnses shcv&s Bcldom seen 
during the remainder nf the season. At the 
carnival in Home in ISjiI she wns engagrsl 
ai the Teatm d'Aiiollone, and performed in 
' Muriftde Knlmn' fortwelve nig^hla, and re- 
ceived the diploma of t lie Acidemia di Santa 
Cecilia. From Rome abe returned tn I^n- 
don, where durinff the season of 1K5I she 
■was the star of tb<i cnncert^room and of the 
perforraanoes of the Sacred Ilarraonic So- 
ciety, itin^np in the oratorios of Handel, 
Ilaydn, and Mendelssohn. Leaving England 
in heptemljer I.H0I, and firKt *inpin(j in New 
York on the 23rd of that month, ulie there, 
by the advice of William Avery Biishiiell of 
Connecticut, an electioneering iiK*^nt, for- 
feited d,UOO/.j and fc&ve him thu mauoffemeut 
of her tnur. During 1863 she was in Cali- 
fornia, where fabulouAmimswm^ paid for tlie 
choice of acats, one ticket jielling for 1,1.10 
doUan. She then departed for South Atni^- 
rica, and after vifiiing the principal cities 
enibarked for Australia. She gave concertfl 
in the Sandwich It)1and8, and arnved at 
Sydney in January 1864. After singing in 
thai city, Melbourne, and Adelaide, she went 
to India and llatavta ; revisited Australia, 
and returned to 'England in August 18.'i6, 
after an absence of five yean*. In I860 
she lost twenty-seven thousand dollars by 
the failure of Saunders & Urennon of San 
Francisco. On 8 i>ct. 1857, at St. iieorgc's, ; 
Hanover Square, she married William Avery 
JDusbnetl. He soon fell into ill-hcaltb, anil , 
died at Biarritz, France, on '2 July ISo»*, I 
aged 35. She appeared at JuHIen's prome- 
nado conoerta at Her Majesty's Theatre In 
1857, when her bollad singing, the branch of 
' art in which lay her grt>atej!t power, was 
much applauded. iVfter her husband's death 
she look part in ooncerta in L<mdon and the 
country towns. She died in the houjie of n 
friend, Henry I-^eo, at Rocclos, L'pperSyden- 
luun, Kent, on 11 Aug. 1861. and WB9biirii>d 
ID Kenaal Green cemetery on 17 Aug. Her 
wiU waa proved on 26 Aug., the personalty 
being sworn under 16,0U0/. 

[Times. 13 Aug. 186), p. 7 : Illustrated Loadoo 
K«W8, 6 Sept. ]8A1, pp. 2fi^-ff. with portrait ; 
En, 18 Aug. 1861. p. 10; Gcot. Maf;- I6GI. 
ii, 3S1-2; Clsytan's Qucnqs of Soqr, 1863, ii. 
a74-»6; Dnblin Univ. Mag. Nov«mb«r 1860, 
pp. 684-85. with portnitt; Choriey's Thirty 
laam' BecoUectious, 1862, i. 250-^; Tallis's 

VOL. XXV, 



Drawing-room Table-book, 18.51. pp. S3-6, with 
porlRtit; Yon have hrard of them. 11>U.,I8A4, 
pp. l2i»-07; Lumlfy'BRemiDiscincei'-uf eliL'Opera, 
1864, p. 373; T.AIUtuii Browti'sAmincim Stage, 
1870, p. 167; McinoirBofMitfsCjUberiin; Uavoi, 
ll)« Swan of Krin. with portrait.] ii. C. B. 

HAYES, CHAKLKS (1678-1760). ma- 
theniaticiun, honi lu 1678, wan a member of 
Gmv'fl Inn. In 1704 appeared hin * Treatise 
on l'"Iu.xion% or an Introduction to Mnlhc- 
matical I'bilosopby,' London, fol., tbe firnt 
English work explaining Newton's luelhwl of 
infiniteaimalfl. After un introduction setting 
forth raostof the chief properties of the conic 
Stations with concise proofs, Hayeji applies 
Newton's met bod clearly and sTsteniatically, 
6rst 10 obtain the tangents of curves, then 
their areaii, andbit>tly to pniMetnt* of maxima 
and miniuiQ. His preface iibowiit a good ac- 

Suaintancc with the existing literature of tho 
ighcr malhematici'. In 171U he printM li 
pamphlet, 'New and Kasy Method to find out 
the Longit ude,* and in 1 7 J3 * The Muun. a Phi- 
losophical Dialogue,* proving that ahe i« not 
opaque, but luis sonielijiht olherown, Ilav- 
ing made a voyage to Africa and spent aomo 
time there, he had considerable repute as a 
geographer, and was ebosen annually to be 
sub^vernorordeputv-guvemorofth'eHoyal 
African Company. Aui-rapply ing himnelffor 
some years to the study of llebrew, Ilayeain 
1 736 publitthed his ' Vindication of the J lintory 
of the Se|ttnagint,'amlin 1738 'Critical Ex- 
amination of The Holy GoApels according to 
St. Matthew and St. Luke,' with regard to 
the history of Christ's birth and infancy. 
His sludte-s were afterwards mainly directed 
to chronology, excepting occu^'icmal tracts 
written to defend the policy of tbe Koyal 
African f'ompany. In 1747 appeared his 
' Series of Kings uf Aiyo* and nt Kmperors 
of China from Fohi to Jt-aua Chrl'it,* to prove 
that theirdattrsHud order of AuoeeMion agreed 
with the SeptuQgint, and in 1751 a ' DinsertiL- 
tion on the Chronology of the Septuagint,' a 
defence of the Clialdean and Egyptian chro- 
nohwy and history. 

When the Koval African Cfmipnnr was 
disDoLved in 17/ij, Ilaved settled at Down, 
Kent, and became ab&orbed in hta great 
work, ' Chronographia Asiatica & ^-I'^y pi loca** 
which he did not 1 i vc to complete. Two parta 
of it only were puhlL^hed, and thit during the 
last two years of his life, when he had cham- 
bers in Oray'B Inn t lirst, * Chronographia™ 
Aaiatjca! &. .l''gyiitiaca) Specimen,' and the 
second, 8id)di\ idea into (l)*Origo Chrono- 
logic LXX interpret urn invest igatur,' and 
(2) * Conspectus toliua f>peri« exhibetur.' 
Part of his argument is that the Seventy and 
Josephua made uu of writ uagu preaen'ed in 

u 



Hayes 



290 



Hayes 



the library of theTemplpof Jenisiilem which 
hnd been omitted in mdiingujithe OlilTe^ta- 
ment canon. NichoU rttmurks that Hayes 
spttnt murh tiuin in nhilogopUical experi- 
tneuts. Haves found taTOur with his eon- 
l«mporariej* fnun his ' s^nto tpmpnr' and 
clear nu'l hod of rxposit ion ; and Tlutton, who 
wafitwi'ntT-throe v*^ars ohl at Hayes's doath, 
rcniftrkit (hot ho ha^ 'great erudition conwaled 
bvmodeBtv.' Uavesdied at his chambers in 
Gfray'a Inn on 18 bee. 1760. 

[Ofot. Mh^. 1761, pp. 543-Ci Nichols's I^t. 
Auecdotea, ii. 323-6.] R. E. A. 

HAYES, EDMUND (1804-1867), Irish 
jiidgi:', fldi'sl wm of WiUiam Hayes of Mill- 
mount, near l>ubliu, was bom in 1804. He 
was educated at the Belfast Academical In- 
etitutidn,Hnd in lH:Jtl entered at Trinity Col- 
lege, Dublin, where he proceeded n.A.in lHi?5, 
and LI^.B. and LL.D. in \Xi'2 (Todd, fat. 
Grad. Dtthlin^ p. 2tW). In 1h27 he was called 
tfl the Irish bar, and joined the nort b-eastem 
circuit, but Bub^equenilr transferred himself 
to the home circuit. lie wa-s appointed by 
the benchers of tho King's Inns iHcturer in 
constitutional and criminal law, wn>tB a 
treatise on Irish criminal law (Dublin, 1848, 
8vo, 2nd edition), and in 1837 published re- 
ports of canes in tlie Irish excVquer, 1830 
to 1833, and in 1843, with Tbomiw Jones, a 
continuation from IHJt'Jto IH34. lit- was ap- 
pointed a Q.C. in IMriii, and was law adri-ser 
to the crown under I^ord Derby's first adminis- 
tration, and again in 1858, and was subse- 
quently promoted to he Irish solicitor-genQ- 
ra!. In 1869 he succeeded Mr. Justice Cramp- 
ton in the court of queen's bench, but was 
compelltHl in IHCfi to alwent himtM'lf owing !o 
iU-heal(h, and Hnally resigned in Michaelmas 
term of that year, dyinp at his house at liray, 
near Dublin, LIJ April 1807. He married, 
lirst, Grace Mary Anne, daughter of John 
Shaw of Donlaph, county Dublin, in 183o,by 
whom ho had nine children ; and secondly, 
Mary Harriott Tranchell, widow of Lieute- 
nant James Shaw, by whom he had one son. 

[La* Times, 1 Juno 1867; Ocnl. Ma«. 18C7. 
i. 826 ; Timw, 1 May 1867-] J- A. H. 

HAYES, Sir GEORGE (1S05 1869), 
justico of tho queen's bench, second son of 
Shoedy Hayes, a West Indian proprietor, by 
Catherine, daughter of John Westgatc, was 
horn in Judd Place, Somcrs Town, Ixindon, 
on 19 June 1805, and (educated nt Highgato 
school and at 8t. Edmund's Roman catholic 
college, near AVare. At an early a^e he re- 
nounced the Roman catholic relip:ion, and 
became a member of the church of England, 
He waa articled to William Francis Patter- 



son, a 8oUcitr>r at Leamington, and a(^P 
fompleiing his nrticlea, in Nov«nbt?r 1S£4 
entered the Middle Temple as a student, and 
in due course commenced practice aa a Hiie- 
cial pleader. On ^) Jan. 1830 he was c&l'eil 
to the hnr, joined the midland cirituil, and 
regularly atrended the Warwickshire w*- 
siona, soon rising Into extensive practice a^ 
a Junior both at sessions and on the circuiL 
In sessions' appeal caaes, a rery lucrative 
part of practice, he was peculiarly succeu- 
ful and very largely employe<l. In IH06 h* 
wiw made stjijeaut-at-law, and on 2J Felfc 
1861 obtained a patent of precedence (o i 
next after Archibald John Stephen?, 
In the following December he was appoinfi 
recorder of I^icestcr, and on lh- promnli 
to tho bench of Mr. Justice MelU'r, Hoyi 
henceforth divided the lead of the midland 
circuit with Kenneth Macaular, y.C. Kor 
cases before a common jury Hayes was not 
well adaplc^d, as hix rt^asoiiing waj4 too subtle 
and his wit too refined. Bcfon; s|>eciB] juripa 
be was much more successful : ever}' word and 
gesture usually had their effect, and in the 
famous Mnttocic will case, where bu was the 
leader, tho decision was gnmtly duo to his 
extensive knowledge of t he law and bis mo*- 
t«rly dissection of the evidence. Hid kno^H 
ledge of the English classica was exteush^l 
and accurate, and he wa.<t well read in LatiSf 
Greek, French, and Italian. 

On 9 Aug. 18^, under an act pa^eed for 
the appointment of addit ionnl judges, be was 
nBmediiju.sticeof the court of (queen's bench, 
sworn in on 24 Aug., and knighted by the 
queen at Windsor Castle on 9 Dec. On 
19 ^'ov. 1669, after sitting all day in the 
bail court at Westminster, be was seized with 
paralysis, and lieing removed to tho West- 
minster Palace Hotel, died theru on 24 Nov. 
He marriml, on 3 Sept. 1839, Sophia Anne, 
eldest daughter of John Hall (or Hill). M-I>., 
of Ijcicester, by whom he left four aona j 
four daughters. 

He was tlio author in 1854 of on olegy i 
which ho humorously lamented the extmi 
tiou of John Doe and Richard Hoe from tho* 
pleadings in ejectment, i lis sons od the celt^- 
brated case o^ tho ' Dog and t he Cock ' waa set 
to music, and occasionally sung by himself. 

[lAtr Mag. and Law liariow, 1 870, xxix. 1 14- 
123; Reg. and Mnfi. of Biog. Dccen^ber 1869. 
pp. 804-6; Law Timea, 27 Nov. 1869, p. 61^ 
Times, 26 Nov. 1860, p. 9, ami 26 Nov, p. 1 
FoGs's Judges, 1870. p. 333 ; lilusimt^ed Loudo 
News, 4 Dec. 1869. p. 678; Ann. Reg. Ifie 
p. 168.] G. C. B. 

HAYES, .JOHN (177^-1838), rearn 
miral, grand-nephewof Adam Hayes, mastc 
shipwright of Dcptford dockyard, nominally 



d.i>.. 

1 

tmdl 




entfTeU t]w navy ac the Rge of eeren, but. 
really not till 1 7^7, when he wu mnbarbtHl 
on Ij-jaffl thi' ttrion of 74 f^tms, HiiJpr the 
cnmninn.l of Sir Hyde Pflrker. In 1790 ho 
TPaa BiT\'in^ ia the Pearl frigato under Cap- 
tain 0. W, A. Oourttfnay, whom in tho spring' 
of 1793 he followed to the Boston, and on 
ill .rnly tnokpart inthe action withtheFrench 
Iricnte Ambusrade. Courlenay was killfd, ; 
una tht:!! Haston overpoweriid and compelled 
to haul off, the Ainbuwjtdfmit beinj^able to 
piirpuc hi!r {Jauka, Aavnl Ilijtton/, 1830, i. 
1 1'.l). * In rt?turnia;( to Knplatid he was made 
Jieutenitnt (7 <*ci. 171)3), and ap(Hnnted lo 
the JJido with Sir Charles lUmillon [q. v.], 
vrhom ho foUowod to the San Fiorenzo, in 
the Mwliterranean. Aftpr »ftr\*ing in tiie 
Channel and Wwit Indies hn was promoted, 
1 Morrh 17S)9, by Sir Hyde TarkLT, then 
-CommandtT-in-chief at Jamaica, to be com- 
liiaadfr,and, rontinuing on the Jamaica sta- 
tion, wa# advanced to post rank 29 April 
\80'2, In .luniinrj' 18(W h« coramandeil the 
Alfred on tht- coast nf Spain, and in charge of 
the embarkation of tlnMn)0|is afler the battle 
of Corumia; afterwards waa movwl into the 
Achille for the AValcheren exiKKlitiou, and 
4it the close of the year waa appointt?d to t ho 
Freya friffate. in which he served under tho 
command of Sir Alexander CV>chrane at the 
reduction of Guadeloupe in January I8IU. 
He returned to Knglana in the following au- 
tumn, and in September 1812 was appointed 
to the temporarj- command of the Aiagniti- 
■~entof 74 guoit, eniploye«l in the Rayol Ji'is- 
ky. Ontheeveningof Itt l>ec, fche anchore<l 
the eat raoce to Basiiue Hoadi*, and during 
he night waa driven Inim her anchors by a 
violent gate towards a daugeroiia reef. She 
>BS saved from what appeared reriain de- 
truclion by the cxcoHcnt discipline of the 
rew and the heamanship of the captain, 
rhich, even in that ng»* of brilliant Mmmnn- 
jip, wa* considered remarkable, and won for 
him the title of* MngiiiHcent Hayes. ' Very full 
Schnical def-ails of the atfair were published 
the time (iSara/ Chronicle, y.\\x, '1\\ and 
\ been copied by James ( Sarnl Hislory, 
Di,T. 332 ) and Marshall {Koy. Sap. Huh/, iv. 
7). The factsare totally different fromthww* 
the club-hauling of H.M.S. Diomede in 
ITeler SlmpIe,'oftt-n ?*aid to be founded on the 
npenf ihe Miignificent. InJanuary 1613 
[ayeswaHaii|>t~iinti-dlotheMuje:<itic,a74-gun 
bip, which had been cut down, on a plan sug- 
»led by hi en, info tho semblance of a frigate, 
I miH>l the nov*;! exigencies of the war with 
he rnitt^lSitute";. Sliecarriedanarmament of 
w*'nTy-right !W-poundeni and twenty-eight 

r under carronadcs, ami was sent <»ver lo 
out for the heavy Amencan frigates. 



She did not fall in with one, but on 15 Jan. 
1815 was, with the frigates Tenedcw and Po- 
mona, in compiiny witli the Kndymton when 
tho Lnited States frigate President waa 
captured [eoe HorB, Sir IIknbv]. On the 
remodelling of the order of the Bath in 
1815 Hayos was made a C.B., and in 1810 
superintendent of the ordinary at Devon- 
port. In 1829~U0 he commanded the Gangeti 
nt Portsmtrnth; and fmm 18^0 to 183i! waa 
commodore on the west coast of Africa, with 
abroad jn^nnant on board the Hryad of 42 
guns. By the very large pnimotion which 
look place on 10 Jan. \Hli7 he l)ecame reur- 
admirat of the white, lie died the following 
year, 7 April 1838, at Southaea. Through 
nis whole Rcrvieo ho had paid unusual atten- 
tion to the details of naval construction, « 
subject to which Ida mind appi*urs to have 
had an hereditary bent, and on which he pub- 
lished one or two pamphlets, which were 
favourably receiviKl at the time, though now 
forgotten. Hayea was married and left iMue, 
among others the present Admirsl Courte- 
nav Osboni Haves, and Viee-odmiral John 
Montagu Uaytm', CD., who died in 1682. 

[MiirshaU's Roy. NaT. Bio^. iv. (vol. ii. pt. il.) 
673 ; O'Brme'fl Nnv. Biog. Diet. a. n. 'Courtanny 
0»bom Ifayes/ Gent. Miig. 1838, vol. cxii. pt. iL 
p. S24.] J. K. L. 

HAYES, JOHN (1780.»-1803), portrait- 
paititer, burn about 1780, fir^t np[>eant as an 
exhibitor in the Royal Academy in 1814. 
H» continued to exhibit up to 1S51 ; his con- 
tributions were chiefly portraits, though ho 
occasionally sent a subject-picture. Ilayea 
had considerublu practice as aportrait- painter, 
and died in 18(10, aged 80. In the National 
Port rait Gallery there is a portrait by Hayes of 
Miss Agnes Stricklaud, iiainted :u lS4u, and 
engraved by K C l^ww, as frontispiece to 
her' Lives ofthe Queens of England (1851). 

[Red^aro's Diet. i»f ArtisLs ; Gmves'ii Diet, 
of Artists, 1760-1880; iloyttIAcad.Ciiluh>gu«^1 

L. C. 

HAYES, SiK JOHN MACNAMARA, 
M.U ('!7fiO?-1809), physician, horn in 
Limerick about 17*^), waa the son of Johji 
Hayes and Mnrgarel, daughter and coheiress 
of Sheedy Muenumara of Ballvally, co. Clare 
(FoeTBB, liamnrtiiijr, ed. 188i;, p. 302). He 
served with distinction sa an army surgeon 
In North America and the West Indies, and 
was promoted to be one of the physicians to 
the (orces. On iH) March 1784 be took the 
degree of M.D.at Uheims, and was admitted 
a licentiate of the Itoyal College of Physi* 
ciiins im '2*\ June 1786. Ue waa appointed 
physician extraopdinary to the Pnnoe of 
Wales in 1791, and was elected physician to 

u 2 



Hayes 



592 



Hayes 



the Westminster Hospiul in 1792, an rtflict* 
whicU bf resigned in 175H. Ili; was crontetl 
a baronet on Keb. 1797, and became in- 
!i(iector-(^neral of llm toiliUry departtnont 
at Woolwich, fiavfsdiedan ]9JulylH0l>, 
agw) 59, and wa« buriod tit 8t. Jame^'ft, Picca- 
ddly. Hi; married, on 1 May 1787, Anne, 
eldest daughter of lUmry White White, one 
of the council of New York. She died on 
18 Jan. 1848, havinj:; had two sons »nd two 
daughters. f[nye«*.H jiortmit b^* Medley was 
engrared by N. Brauwhite. 

tMunVi<ColI.ofI%5. 1878.ii.36*.] G. O. 

HAYES, MECIIAEL ANtiELO (1820- 
1877),pftinter, hurntnlB20atWaterford,wae 
soaof Edward llsyes, acloverpainter of por- 
traits and miniatures, who also possessed some 
skill as n liindecnpe-painter. Hayea Ursl ex- 
hibited at the Hoyal Hibt^niian Acndemy't< 
exhihitioniti l.>iil>linin lH40,ttendiiig'ThL'lle- 
sertcr.' He quickly gained a reputation for 
military subjects and others, id which horses 
took a itrominent part, such as * The lUce for 
the Corinthian Cup at Puncbestown,' and 
* Charge of the .'ird Liglit I'ragoon* at Mo<m1- 
kee/ Large cererannial (*uhiect.4, like' The In- 
stallation of the Priiit-^e'if Wulesiis a Knight 
of St. Patrick in St. Putrick's (.iiitlH-dral, l)ub- 
liu,' also occupied htm, lie obt.iinedo prize 
from the Irish Art. Union for a set of draw- 
ings illustrating the balljul nf * Savounieen 
Deelish.' Ilaye.'s wfus in 18^4 elected a mem- 
ber of the Knyal liiborniiin Academy, and 
in March 1860 was appointed secretarj'. In 
ppito of an unfortun»te schism in the Aca- 
demy, Llayee retained the secrwtaryship, and 
uublitihed a pamphlet (Dublin, 1 W17)defend- 
ing hit) position. Ilayen whm eb>cted an aiv- 
Bociute member of the New Society of Water- 
colours in London, and waa a regular con- 
tributor to their exhibit ions. He was much 
respected in Dublin, and ei^rvcd the office of 
marshal of tho city. On.'M Dec. 1877 he was 
accidentally drowned by falling into a tank 
on the topof hiflhouaeat 4 Salem Place, Dub- 
lin. A picture by him of'Sackville Street, 
Dublin, Twenty-Hve Yeara Ago' was at the 
Insh Exhibition in London, l^8S. Another 
picture, ' WaysideCountry,* wasengraved by 
the National Art Union. 

[Art Journal. 1878 ; Kerlgrave'i Diet, of Art- 
ists; Freeman's Journal. 1 Jan. 1878; Hayes's 
Itoyal Hibemiaii Acnd., a Glance, &c.J L. C. 

HAYES, PHILIP(1738-1797), professor 
of music ut Oxford.secondaonof Dr. William 
Hayes [(]. v.], was bom in April 1738. His 
natural (a.>)te for music was directed by his 
father, snd he Ix'came a chorister at the 
Chapel Roynl under Brrnard (Inteji. lie 
afterwards matriculated, on H May 1 7C.'), at 



certo^ 



Magdalen College, Oxford, where he took 
the degree of Mus-Uac. on 18 May of the 
Mime ye^r. After acting for a short time 
(till 17(i-j) OS organist to Christ Church 
Cathedral, he becftme,ou 30 Nov. 1767, gen- 
tleman of the Chapel Uoyal, and on 1 Jan. 
17<i9 a member of tbo Itoyal Society 
Musicians. Seven years later he *ucc 
Richard Church as organist of New Colle 
Oxford; and in the next rear, 1777, on _ 
father's death, succeeded bim as organist 1 
Magdalen College, and profejisor of music 1 
the university. On l> Nov. uf the same yo 
lie was created Mu8.I)i>c. In 17tK> ho sn 
ceeded Thomas Norrifi, in whosn fa^i'our 
had l>een displaced at Christ Church in 1781 
as organist to St. John's College. Itu diT 
suddenly, on 19 March 1797, in Londa 
whither he had come to preside at a fe8tiT_ 
performance in aid of the newly inslitutefl 
Musical Fund, and was buried in St. l*aul's. 
Ue enjoyed the reputation of posseasing the 
largest person and the most, unsociable tem p*'r 
in England. His portrait hangs in the Mu&tc 
School at Oxford. 

1 1 ii) compositions include: 'Six Concert^] 
with .\rcompaniments for Organ, Hi 
chord, or Pianoforte, to which is lulded a He 
sichord Sonata/ London, 1769; 'Eight An- 
thems,' Oxford, 1 780 ; * Prophecy,an Oratorio,' 
performed at a concert at Oxford com memorn- 
tionin 1781 ; 'Catches, Oleep, and Canons for 
three, four,five,and8ixVoipes,'Ix)udon,178.); 
' An Ode perfonne<l in the Music Schcwl, 
Michnelma.-* Term, Cambridge, 178Ii, 4tai' 
•Catches and O lee?, the Muse'fl Tribut« 
Beauty," 1789; 'Ode for St. Cecilia's Dajj 
* Ode, liegin the Song ! ' the words of whic' 
by John Oldham, had been previously set ' 
lir. IJlow in 1684 : ' Telemnrhue, n maTqueJ 
accompaniments tn ' Fairest Isle,' fmm Pa 
ceU's'King Arthur, and a number of 8ejp»r_ 
anthems, songs, catches, and gli>:«, incUtdin^ 
a setting of Shakespeare's 'What Bhall b» 
have that killed the deer,' \78t). 

ilewasthe editor <if ' Harmonia Wiec 
mica,' I<ondon, 1780 — a collection of mu 
Bung at meet ings of Wykehamists in Londo 
of bis father's • Cathedral Music in Scor ^_ 
Oxford, 1795; and of 'Memoirs of Princ^ 
William llcnrj', Duke of Gloucester, from br* 
birth. July 24t.h. U>89. to October 1(197, froM 
an original Tract, written by Jenkin Lew^J 
. . . and continued to the time of theUukeH^ 
Pcath, July 29th, 1700, from unqui*stionAhhj 
authority, by the Editor,' London, ITf 
{^Miiffilnfen CoHeij^ Lihrnry). 

Hiiyes presented a number nf portrait 
«Tid busts to the Oxford Music School. 

[droro's Dirt, of Masic, i. 722; Trent. Ml 
IxviL SA4; Appendix to Bernrou'a Choir Chi 



icc^l 

ilUA^I 

idoS 



Hayes 



2<>j 



Hayes 



Book. p. xvUi ; Bloxnm'» Mngdulea Call. lu-^. 
it- 218; Records uf no\*iil 8ix!. of MnKicianh; 
Cat. of Music in Uritish Milscuiu.] U. F. S. 

HAYES, >VILLL\M (1700-1777), pro- 
feseorof music at Oxford, was bora at llan- 
tjuryia WorceHtcrsbiru, latu in \70(i (not ut 
llexbam In 1707, ea tttuted in the AiijicniHx 
to Grove's 'Dictionary'). While lii was 
ringing as chorister in GloucesterCathedral, 
the beauty of hia voice attrocted the attention 
of Mrs. Vin<>y, an enthuuiastic ]mtmness uf 
music, wlio intt'TOitt-d liersidf in liim, tuu^lit 
him till} hurjtsicbord, und urliclL-d blm, wuitn 
(lis voic« brr>ke, to SViUiam Iline, organiat 
-of thB ciitbedral. lie \va.s appointed orpranist 
to St. ilary's, Sbrcwsburi', on tlif expiration 
of his articles in 17'J9. In 1731 lie bi'cnmc 
•organist to tho cathedral at Worcester, and 
in l7S4 organist and muiitcr of the eblldrun at 
MngdaleaCoUeg^e, Oxford. In ilw Uttii^'r year 
he acted as steward at ibe mtjeting of Ibe 
Three Choirs at Worcester. 

At Oxford be took the degree of 31 uaJIac, 
jtro fnrmay on 8 July l7Ho, and not long 
jif^erw-Brdit wax adaiitte<l a momlH>r of thi< 
Royal Society of ilimiciuns. On l-l Jan. 1742 
he was elected professor of music of the uni- 
veraity, in succession to Kichard Goodson 
the younger [q. v.l : and on the occasion of a 
purformance, wjiicli he directed, ut theopeu- 
ingoftbeKadi-lifre Library, on 14April 1/40, 
he waa created MuelDix;. Korao years later 
tie became a memlHir of the Catch Club, and 
an 1763 won three of tbt^ prizes then offered 
fortbe first time by the club with bis cuQOiut 
■* AUeluja !' and ' Misoreni Nobis/ und u glee, 
** Melting airs soft joyH inspire.' In 17M be 
Acted as deputy stewartl, and in 1763 aacon- 
4iuctor, at tbe meeting of the Three Choirs 
4it Gloucester. 

He died at Oxford on 27 JqIv 1777, and 
ipras buried in the churchyard of St. Veler- 
in-tlus-Ea^t. His portrait, by John Cornish, 
hangs in the 7tfu»ic Srhoid at Oxford. His 
vidoWfAiioe llnye5,died 1 i Jan. 17^0. Iliit 
«ecoiid son Philip i.'^ ifeparately noticed. 

Xlayes's compositions include a set of 
* nngli«h Rallads,' published while be was at 
Shrewsbury; * Twelve Ariett* or Ballads, 
and two Cantatas,' Oxford, I73.i; 'Vocal 
and Instrumental Music, containing (l)The 
Overture and Songs in the Masque of Ciree; 
<2) a Sonata or Trio, and IJallads, .Mrs and 
Cantatas ; (3) an Ode, being part of an Kxer- 
«ise perfornie<) for a Halchelor'a Degree in 
Muaic,' I^ndon, 1742; * Catches, Glees, and 
Canons,* London^ 17o7; a second set of 
'Catches. &c./ London. 17(W; Mnstnunen- 
taX Accompaiuments to the Old Hundredth 
l^lm for tbe Sons of tho Clergy,' London, 
1770i ' Sixteen Psalms from Merrick's Ver- 



!?ion.' London, 1775; 'Cathedral Music in 
??c'>ri3,' published by bis son I'bilip, Oxford, 
I l\Mi ; ' .Six CanU) OS,' London \\ 740? j ; ' Col- 
ItDs's Ode on the I'assions* [I j Z^.''} 

Hayes was especially ffucce.ssful in part- 
writing for the voice. His ^'lue, 'Melting 
Airs,' and a round,* Wind, genth'Kvergreen,' 
were great favourites in theirday,and Huniey 
states tluit ho considered bis canon ' Let's 
drink and let's ainfj^ together' to be the ' most 
pleasant ' composition be knew in tbnt form. 
Hayes was also the author of * Itemurka 
on Mr. Avison's Kssny on Musical Kxpres- 
sion,* published anonymously in London in 
I7ri3, and now rart». He considered Avison's 
essay to bit an attack upon Hundel, for whom 
be entertained a great admiration, and his 
' liemarks* display a passionate anxiety to do 
justice to the great composer. 

HAYEB,Wai.iAM,tbcyoanger (1742-1790), 
his tliird son, bom in 1742, was a chorister 
uf Magdalen (ViUege, Oxford, for two years 
from 27 June I74il; matriculated at Magda- 
len Hall on III July 17o7; graduated W.h. 
on 7 April 17lil, and M.A. Krom New <.'oI- 
legt<) on I'l Jan. 17U4 ; and was siiccea^ivfly 
appointed minor canon of Worcester Cathe- 
dral in I7<I.'>,inin»r canonof St.PaulV 1 4 Jan. 
1766, and vicar of Tillingbam, Essex, in 17Nt. 
The latter appointment be held till bis death 
on 22 Oct. 1790. lie published several ser- 
mons, and contributed a pajit^r to the 'Gen- 
llentan's Magazine' in May 176^) on 'Rules 
necessjirv to be observed by all Cathedral 
Singers in this King<l(Mn.* 

[Grt>re'« Diet., of Munic, i. 722, 723 ; F^tis's 
Biog. Univ. dos Musiciens, iii. 271 ; Ooot. }Am%. 
zlvii.404,lx. 9B1 ; App. tonetnroee'HChoirCliant 
Buok, p. xix; Hnmiofliron for 1833; biograpby 
uf tho eldur Hnyo* prvtixed by Phibp IlayoB to 
'Cathedral Mt»ic in .Seorr;' Lysons's Hist, of 
the Three Choim, pp. l(ia, lUO. 104 ; baplisninl 
rrgt»ter of tIid eldvr IltiyuH st Hanbery ; Cat. of 
Music in British MutADm ; iQ^ormatioD rfgnrding 
the younger IIs/cs from tbcRov- W. C. Miller, 
rirnr uf Tilllngham; Bloiam'i Magdalen Coll. 
Reg. i. 164.1 R- P' ^• 

HAYES, WILLIAM { Jl. 1794), artist 
and ornithologist, published : 1. 'A Natural 
History of llritisb Jiirds,&:c., wit b their Por- 
traits accuratelv drawn and beautifully co- 
loured,* fol. 17^5. Only a few binls ard 
treated, and chiefly lho«e of brizlit plumage. 
Three plate« of rare Kastem pheasants am 
introduced, evidently owing to their glow of 
colour^ and a few docks, of which he probably 
obtained spocimens from some pond where 
they were domestieated. Short Latin and 
longer KagUsh descriptioits are appendvd. 
2. * Fortrails of lUre and Curious Birds, with 
their Descriptions, from the Menagery of 



vx^jUh. 



HxvgaiA 







Uk t 



raiadofted 



rksmCeB niootber 

T W ii w if fc i ril SodetT, 

ithae prm- 
. oad dcndi- 
r |<9 «t V dsteu He 
to dani^BiA the dif- 
F^fnvs fcr tksr periods of b- 
t&e fint to infliit on 
Uvnleefivfenr 
: ftr fR«BHini|rthe apnedof b- 
KiB pEWBe kflVKS vcre moet TilnaUe. 
idiw ncogBieed br Dr. 
'u T.* ia &i;$ ' Hints d»iffned to 
Trnamr^ 3»-»MCe«ci:*. Tr=:^^rance. and Medi- 
al ■^'*T:e*." Iz li<*'' h.-i pabIUh«d a tract 
■ ."•! -"»- r-TTii,-— .4-.-n li & Close and as a 
T- Tit* -c >ji:r6fr» -t li:^ B.?dT" (Bath. Sro\ 

, V -^. T-- s- !_". i-i--- "*'-!. Ji Txca. ;e ztt^A^tri Tiperiment* shoTring- 
?- "1-3: "k- X - "'" "341 ^-rtiua i:a:*at;:iij .: Perkins's metallic 

'Z ^ -TT^, T' ^» "i* -.-^ . ■JU*- "riLT" T^ 3a«i ■■-'ri?d s::r* !i:incle9 than those 

— =j^r^- "." r»Esii:*. 3 t~-J.'. "'Tii^re*! j,rcLiiri>r*. icd discu^eed epidemie 
t, -. .. ■>-.'»r-'-c^ S.; ' 1 as"'! «r ■**! .*^lt~L;*iT^^ iist-Tier*. II* al^io wpf>re two 

,-._;. .:3 r _-*■ "»^"ir=*- it? jn- -^"niii?? ai-^ai-trs^ntir^-ed'A Clinical History 

1.1: ~ LI '•':' r.- 't^-it*-: la- » c Its****;*. ISrt i. oi th*? Acute Rheuma- 

. ;r-^ - -• . v^ 7i:-^iL:::3 - T:sai.LZ'i re rfa*Xt?d'W;tTof the Joint8(Rheii- 

^- - : ::-=^ - r - ■-*-* ~.' 1~-*-. ire* '"• ArrhHrist.* I-^Vli?, and *Svnopsi» 

- :; ?»:■:. ▼:■?:»• "i- iw- ^^iasraac'-vtslx Londinensis,* 1810, "besides 
.j^_; ^1,-K^ 1.: . ::— 1 c ". V ina *"^Tral c*?*— ^'^ '^^ ' P^ii'^wopt'cal Trans- 
i-.~ » ' . T r ■ If A. ""i. > d**-.v* acrj.-Cif ' m-i ■xt-'-r seifntific journals. His 

•Tw Litrers to John Howam on Lazaret- 
": ;# " ir» rafclishtd in Howard's works, vol. i. 
; 7>i. Li a - Letter to Bishop Porteus/ 1812, 
ie i'*«crlb«fl the state of the free schools in 
I2ie -'crh. of England: and his plan of eelf- 
sirci-'finj sarincs banks, which was adopted 
13 feira in IflS. is the subject of his ' Ex- 
^lasAtion of the Principles and Proceedings 
"?t* iz-t Provident Institution at Bath for 
?«Tiaz¥,' Bath. 1816. 

"'.T*c;. Ma^. 1827. vol. xcvii. pt. ii. pp. 305-6 ; 
V l''-s*ii'.»- »-ii 13^ l^sw*** .-c Chiesrer Owrinaa Era. ii. 411, 412: Haygarth'a Works, 
* k' ^ »t«c a ti* - Pt:«^T*^-«I Traaa- [ «|«eially hi* letter to Dr. PereifaL] G. T. B. 



Vtt- 






£ ;i^ 



» ^ X ra T n- TTiri.- :r i.-*- 

! > ::*^':.''z. a wi,ci w 
; ,- i».-7sr .■ ns i>-«L- '!*• rem*: 
■»- -.Ts-wi i:i lac 7r-v^*i 




395 



layley 



HAYLEY, ROBKRT(rf.l7rO?VpQint.>r, 
honi in Ireland, atudied at Ilublin under 
Robfrt We«1. He te chiefly not<'d fur a 
3)ecutinr method of drawing in black ami 
whiti- rhnlk, Bticccssfiilly imitating raezzo- 
ttnt. Mnnyof his drawing's wt>ro in the col- 
lections of the Earls of Moira iind Moming- 
lon. Itayley died in Dublin abuul 1770. 

[R«dgTnve'tJ Diet, of Artiste; Fosquin'o ArtintB 
oflrt-Und.l L. C. 

HAYLEY, THOMAS ALPHONSO 
(17hu IhOOj.sculptor.uttturalson of W'ilUuui 
Ilayley tlif yoet [q-vA-was bom 5 Oct. 1780. 
luid showtti in 1/54 signs of a love for sculp- 
tnru. Ht.' wjiHfnixmragud toh'am driiwing;by 
Joseph Wright of Dtrby, and having at tracteii 
the attention of liomnty th« painter, and of 
Fliixman !]t]. v.], was in IT9.'> articled to the 
latter as h wsident pupil for three yenra. He 
■was treated with tlie greatest alVectinn bv 
Ikitli art 161^1, and appears tobuveahmvn uinclr 
promise, even expert mentiog in oil-imintiug. 
In irOP", however, he showed symptoms uf 
iU-health,ansingfroDi curvatureoftne spine, 
and was cotnpellcil to return to hi;; father's 
cottage at Feipham in Suft^cx, where, after 
two years of suflVring, he died on '2 May 
1800, Ilayley mixlelled busts of lUaxiuun, 
Lord Thurli»w, and James Siauier Clarke. A 
raedallion by him of itomnev was engraved 
by Caroline Watson for his father's ' Life of 
Romnev.' In his father'* ' Ei'says on Sculp- 
ture' ( 1800), there art! a portrait of young 
Ilayley fK>m a medallion by Flaxman, nud 
H drawing by him of the 'I>eath of Demo- 
sthenei*,* bnlh engraved by William Itlake 
< I7fi7-l8l*") [<!■ v.] HU father wrote many 
sonnets to his memory. 

[Il'iyl^'s ljf0 of Komney ; Gilchrist's Life of 
BUAv.) h. C. 

HAYLEY, WILLlAMar45-1820).poet. 
second son of Thomiis Hay ley and Mary Vntcs, 
M'as bom at Chichester on 'Ji* Oct. 17-1/;. and 
WHS sent to Eton in 1767. In 17((3 he entered 
TrinitT Hall, Cambridge, where he composed 
an 'U<Ioon theHirth of the IVince of Wales,' 
published in the Comhndgo Collection, and 
reprinted in the * Gentleman's Mngnzine ' for 
January 17113, p. 30. At Cambridge he studied 
Spanisb under Isf>la. and compo^d several 
|K)cms, many of which are printed in his me- 
moirs. In 176tt he was admitted to the Middle 
Temple, but did not leave Cambridge until the 
foUow'mg year, when he left wit bout taking a 
degree, and rt-siided with his mother in Lon- 
don. A tour in Scotland which he mado in 
1707 prtKlticed several pooms, »ime of them 
addres^e<] to Frances Page, withwhom he liad 
en in love in 1763. Timj engngement was 
erwards broken off, and lluyley married 



Eliza, daughter of Dean Ball, who was one of 
his guardians, in 17titi. Soon after his marriago 
ilayley composed a tragedv, 'The Alllicted 
Father,' which wos rqectoJ by Garriek, and 
in 1771 hctmnslntedComcillc's 'Rodogonc,* 
which he re-named ' The 8yrian Queon,' and 
which was similorlv rejected by Colmon. 
During a visit to tiristol and t£e west of 
England he met William Pitt, the future 
statesman, at Lyme Regis. and in 177-1 settled 
at Earthara,Sus.'^x. In 1775 he addressed a 
' Poetical EjMslle on Marriage * to his friend 
Thornton, and an ' Odf tn Che^rfulneHS ' to 
Mrs. Clyti'ord, and in 1777 a long |*oelical 
epistle to iJr.Long. In 1 777 also commenced 
his friendship with Ilomnpv, to whom he 
addressed his ' Epi.stle on Painting.' He ad- 
dressed an 'Epistle on HiKtory ' to (iibbon 
( 17^0), a long' Poetical Epistle" to Admiral 
Keppel (1779), anode to Howard the philan- 
thropist ( 1 780), and an * Elegy on t he Ancient 
Grec-k Model 'to the Kishop ol London(l770). 
Ilayley ■« married life had n<t(. benn fortunate, 
but liis illegitimate ehildr Thoma.4 Alphonso 
Jiaylev [q.v.l, who was born on & Oct. 1780, 
wos adopted by his wife, and treated as her 
own son. In I7B1 Hayley published hh most 
successful pi»em, 'The Triiimpli.s of Temper' 
(London, 4tQ), which ran tlmnigh twelvu 
or fourteen editions, and, ti>get]ier with his 
•Triumphs of Music' (Chieliejiter. 1H04), was 
ridiculed by Ryron in ' English Kards and 
Scotch Reviewers.' In 1782 he published 
' Poetical Epistles on Epic Poetry ' addn-sw-d 
to Mason, and in 17^ the * Essay on Old 
j Plaids' (Loudon, ;i vols.), one of his few still 
readable works. In 178ti his wife's mind be- 
came ntt'ected, and a separation was arranged 
ill l"f^i). Next year Hayley visited Paris, and 
wrote a French comedy, ' Les i)rJ^j ug^s aboLia,' 
which was never acted. la 1 1 1'J his employ- 
ment on the * Life of Milton ' brought him into 
contact with Cowpcr, and a warm friendship 
sprang up Ix'twecn them, and soon after- 
wards he was introduced to William Rluke by 
Maxman, under whom his son was studying. 
The 'Life of .Milton' was published in 1704, 
prefixed to IViydell and S'lcols's odilinnof 
Nlilton's works, ami a sopikrate and enlarged 
edition in 179tt. About this time Hayley 
asswted in procuring from Pitt a pension for 
his friend C-owper. In l&)'i he published 
' Itallads founded on Anecdotes of Animals * 
(Chichester, 1 Jrao),intc'rf^tiiig on ac-conntof 
the illustrations by Itlake. for whose benefit 
the work was produced. Hayley was now en- 
gaged on tt' Life of Cowj)er,' who died inlHOO, 
within a week of hi.'* »on, and published it 
in IBOSfsee under CowrER,WiLLUM,173I-r 
1800.] 
Hayley's wife bod died in IHOO, aiid in 



Ilayls 



296 



Hayman 



1809 he luarriL-d Mary WulforU, from whom 
be Beparuted three years Inter. Uis * hifo of 
Romney * wo^ published at Chiche«tcr in 1809, 
hut waa coldly rt'coived, and severely attacked 
hy John liomnoy in his* Memoirsof llomney/ 
1830. Durinff hia lat^*r years he withdrew 
to Felplmm. noor Kurthara, where he lived 
in great ^^pcluxinn, thniit^h he inis viaited by 
matt}- diwtinirui'iht'd Irii.-ndi*. From 1812 till 
UiM ilenlh 1r< waji puid uti Htiiiuttvajt the price 
i»f lii*« nif moin*. wliicli he umlertriok to leave 
in a condition fit to he printed at his di?ath. 
Ite died at FL-lpham on 12Nov. 1820. Dr. J. 
John.'iOTi, editor of tht* 'Memoirs' ( 1^23 1, de- 
6crilK*H Tlayley as cheerful and sympathetic, 
and iJo.sseA«t>d of great convMrsationiil ahilily. 
IliftlneiidSouthey wrote: ' Every thinijuhout 
that man is good except hla poetry.' But his 
versis was popularly succefuiful, and on the 
deftth of \\ arton hf was ofi'fred and tlHclinwl 
the Iauri!ute.ihip. (tiHonl Ion|? delayed insert- 
ing in the'l^uarlerly' an article by Sonlhey 
on Ilayley. on the ground that he ((iitlord) 
• could not hear 10 wo Ilayley spoken of with 
decent rcflj>ect.' 

His other worlis nrr: 1. 'Epistle to a 
Friend on the Heath of John Thornton.' 17f^. 
2. ' riayj* of Ihrei^ Art.** and in Verw, written 
foraPrivateTlieat re,* London. 17B4. S.Toeti- 
eaIWorkPof\V.ltayley;Dublin,3voU.178r>. 
4. ' Tlie Happy I'i>'H(*ri])tion, or the Lady re- 
lieved from her Lovini,' ITSfi. 5. * The Two 
Connoisseurs: a Comedv,' I7K5, Hvo. <>. 'Oc- 
casional iStanxa.t, written nt Theremiesl ofthe 
Revolution Society.'&clTKH. 7. 'The Young 
Widow, or a History of Cornelia Sudlov/ 
1789. 8. ' An Klegy on the Death of Sir V\'. 
Jones,' 17J*5. 9. ' An F^say on Sculpture, in 
a aoriejt of I'oeiinil Kpisllet to John I'lax- 
man; 1 WX). 10. ' Thn^e Tliiys wil h a rreftice,* 
Chichester, iHll. Hvo. Huvley wrote aluo 
much verse and pn-)se for various coUeetions; 
aomonnpublitilutl pieces are pi ven in his* Me- 
moirs/ and olhir-i rt^niained in manuscript. 

{Memoirs of Ilijley, ed. J. Johnson, LL.D , 
182S; QuriTterly Rovipw, xxxi. 263 31 1 {iirtido 
bySouihoy}; Oilchri-'t'fl Life of lUrtkc j>p. 75, 

u2-a, i.'.ft-7. iii-'i, ir.T-n. ito, 174-,'i, ids. me. 

aOS; Swinl.iimed Life nf filuke. I8«6, p. 28; 
liibbon. I<v Johti. L)rd Shctfichl. 1706. i. 138, 
173. 6&fl-8.] K. D. F. P. 

HAYLS or HALES, JOHN (rf. 1679), 
portrnit-pnint^T, was a contempornry and 
rival in portrait-painting of 8ir Peter l^ly 
and in mininture-pninlingof S. (T^Miperfu. v,] 
VertuH (liHt. Jfiw. Athlit. MS. 2.'1069) rf- 
cords that 'Samuel Cooper, limner, trj-<I at 
oylpainting; Mr. Hnvles seeing that, tuniwl 
to limning, and toldOooper that if he quitted 
limning, be would imploy himself that way; 
for which reason Cooper kept to limning.' 



m 



Ilayls bad conaideruble merit as a portrait 
painter. PepysreconU in hisdiaryfor 16 Feb*' 
16(Jo-ti: 'Mr. Hales begun my wife's portrait 
in the posture we saw one of my Lady Peter^ 
like a St. Katharine.' Pepys woa ao pleased 
with this picture, for whicuhepaid 14/..th«' 
hewt to Hayls himself, and also induced hia^ 
father. Thomas PepyB, to siU Pepys's owa 
portrait, in an Indniu guwn with a scroll o: 
music, is now in the Xiitional Portrait tial-| 
lerj'. Pepys nlw) saysthat Hayls jwintcd the 
actor Joseph 1 larris as Henry V. At Wobum 
Abbey there are portraits of Colonel Joba 
itussell and of Lady Dianii Russell by Ilayla..' 
His portrait of Thomas Flatman the poet In 
been engraved. He is tttated to have been 
skilful copyist of ^"andyck. Hsyls lived f' 
some years in Sottlharapton Street, Hlooms- 
bury-, but subsequently moved to b hou*n i 
Lone Acre, where lie ilied suddenly in 1679. 
A limning of Hayls by J. Iloskins wbb ia 
Colonel Seymour's collection, a drawing from 
which bv Vertue is now iu the print room at 
the British Museum. 

[Walpole's AfU'cdat«s of Painting ; Vertno'* 
maniwcripia. Brit. Mus. Adclit. M8S. 23068-70^ 
Jluikcridge's .Supplement to De I*tles'6 Lives ol 
ihfl Puiiileni; Pepyss Diarv-l h. C. 

HAYMAN, 'fIUNCIS (1708-1776) 
painter, born at Exeter in 1708 of a n?spect" 
able family, received his first education in 
art under Robert Urown, a portrftit-jMiintt 
of Exeter. t-i.>ming to London when youngJ 
he worked with success as scene-painter fo 
Fleetwood, the proprietor of Drury Lunei 
Theatre, and gained a genenil aeiiuaintancn 
with tlie tlieatrical world. He also obtain* ' 
reputaliiiu as a des'vuner by his illustrationi 
to Sir Thomns Hnnmer'a "edition of Shak« 
speare'a [days, published in 1744-6. The 
were engraved by tJravclol [q. v.], Ijetween 
wha«e style and Hnymnn's there waa eomo 
resemblance. Huyman also designed itlue- 
trntions for Congreve's poems; for .Smollett's 
editicm of 'Don Quixote' (the original draw-^ 
iiigs for wliich are in the print room at tli^ 
Uritish Museum); for Jli^hop Newton's ediJ 
tinn of Milton's poems.publisncd in 1749-52{ 
for K. Mt>ore'H *Fahli's for the Female Ses/ 
1744: and for lhe'Speetaior/1747. In 1751- 
17tVJ Hnyman was employed, with N. Hlakey 
[(]. v.", by Messrs. Kimpton Jt Dodsley to exe- 
cute the first series of historicjil print* He- 
signed by Englishmen, Hayniau'a works^ 
were ' Caractams,' 'The Conversion of Lhi^| 
Britons to Christianity,' and 'The Uattle of^ 
Hastings; ' they were engraviwl by C. Orig- 
nion f'l- 1 -1^ ^' ^*'- I^ftveuc't, and others, and 
a set ol snmll<^r engravings was inserted in 
Smollett's * History of England.' Hayman 
is best known for the aeries of pictures which. 



4 



A 



Hayman 



297 



Hayman 



lie paiuted for Jonnllmn Tvera to oruainent 
tln! alcoves at Vaiixhall. l^hry dypict scciicjj 
from contempnnin,' lile ami fnaliion, and the 
niini<^roiiE( i;iij.Tavinffs i'rom tbcm form o 
valimbW record of the habits and costumita 
of the time. Hogarth shared in this work, 
and IJiiymanV |>4iintinps seem to havo l>et'n 
frefjiiently mistaken for II ogurth'o, which they 
approach in i-x^'ellfnci* (for a list of thfi pic- 
tiirt'H nl \'auxhaU set* 'VwhOR, Life and lime 
iff Sir Jonhua ReifU'thh, \. ;i27-31 ). Good in- 
i>tances of llnvmnn'^ work in this line ore 
the two well-known pi<:turw of the (fanie of 
cricket in the poHsePsmn nf the MiirvU-bone 
Cricket Club. liuyraan wus refjardetl as the 
iinit historical painter of th& time, but was 
jilso well known as a painter of portraits, 
I'rHjuently ini^Toups and conversation pieces, 
<rr introduced into land^mpps and interiors 
with plcasinff cfFocts. A gond example is 
the picture ot himself in his studio painting 
A portrait of Sir Hohert Walpole. which is 
now in the National Portrait (nailery. Some 
of hisporlrHit8ha\e bt'»?n engraved, inclndinff 
-Tohn, lurd i'en^n^al, hy •'■ Kabor, jun., ana 
l»r. Barrowby, l)y J. S. MiiUer. llayman, 
nntiNl for his ri raipht forwordness, rou^h man- 
ners, and convivial disposition, was the boon 
cumpunion of Uognrth. Liarriek (with whom 
he often corresp^jnded >, Qui n, Woodward, 
and others. He was a wemberof Slaughter's, 
the Beefsteak, and other clubs, and painted 
maay portraits of his friend**. When Gains- 
borniiph left Gravelot's stndio, ho studied for 
eomQ lime under Huyninn, who is accused of 
leading him into cmviviul habits rather than 
t4>iiching him art ; Hayman, however, wits 
too thoniii^}! nn nrli^t for Gainsborough not 
to have acfpiired some permanent benefit from 
his instruction. 

In the history of English art Hnyman 
occupies an important place as one of the 
founders of the Uoyal Academy. In 1745 
Ilnymau, following an e\am)de set by llo- 
g«Hh, presented to the Foundling ]ios))itAl 
* Moses f^trikint; thw Hock.' On HI !Vc. 17-llt 
he and the other artists who luul made tiimi- 
lar prifts were olerled jrovernor* of the hos- 
pital, and instituted an annual dinner on the 
anniversary of the landing of William HI 
to celebrate the union of liberty and the 
arts. These meetings drew public attention 
to this first: collection nf Itritish works of 
art- Under the ctiairmnnfiliip of Hayman 
a committee carried out n (hsignfora public 
exhibition of the workfi of living Jlritish 
artist?, which took place in 1700 in the great 
room of the Society of Arts in the Strand. 
'rothis»*xhibiti(mlIayaian contributed a pic- 
tureofGarrtekinthecharactproflUchArdnl. 
In 1761 the artisU split into two bodies. 



Hnyman seceded with the best-known artUts, 
who formed the Society of ArtistJ« of Great 
BrilAin, holding uniixhibition in Spring Gar- 
dens, to which Hayman sent a picture of 
' 'Sir John Pulslad' raising Recruits.' That 
society was in 1705 incorporated by charttT, 
\ with G. Lambert [q. v.] uj» president niid 
, Hayman as vice- president. In 1706 Hiiy- 
I man succeeded Lambert oa president. In 
17CH further dis-^i-nsinns arosi', and Hayman 
was roplacLMl as pnvsident by Kirby. A fresh 
' secession ou the part of IlaymaD and bin 
friends took place, which resulted in the con- 
stitution by royul charter on 10 Dec. 1768 
of the Uoynl Academy of Arts of London. 
Hayman was one nf the original forty acade- 
micians, and t*ontribut<nl two scenes from 
*l)on Quixote' to their first exhibition in 
17tJH. He was elected ono of the visitors, 
nnd from 1771 till his death held t)ie nfficd 
of librarian. He f-xhihited for the last time 
in 1772. Hayman suffered greatly from the 
pout, and died at his residence in Dean Stri«et, 
•Soho.on 2 Feb. 177(i. He married the widow 
of his old friend and natron, Fleetwood, and 
left one daughter. liesides the picture in 
the National Fortniit Gallery. Hayman's por- 
trait was drawn by P. I'alconet [q- v.l and 
engravc'd by II. Heading. .Another drawing 
of himself was engraved by C. Grignion.und 
he is prominent in the well-known picture 
of the royal acodemiciana by Zoflany. He 
etched a few plates. Among other works of 
hia were ' The Five Sensw,' a set of ladiea" 
portraits, engraved by Houston, and two pic- 
tun-aof 'The Bad Nfon ' and 'The Good Man 
fti the Hour of Death,' engraved by T. Cham- 
bars. 

[Kdwarda's Anecdotes of Riinters: Sandliy'a 
lliHt.of tbfl Itnynl Academy; LosHc and Taylor's 
Tjfi-imd Tiniesof .Sir Jofihuft Reynolds; So^uior's 
l>icr. of I'iiititers; 7*ye'ts PatroiMge of ilriiich 
Art; J. T. Smilli's NuIlHkeaa and his Tioipci: E. 
lliirdeastle's Somcnwt liouae Oaxette, J. 77-1 

L. 0. 

HAYMAN, ROBEUT (rf. HWIP). epi- 
grammatist, was a iwtive of I)ev«mshire. t >n 
To Oct. ir»iK) he matriculated at Fxeter Col- 
lege, OxfonI, hut left tlie nniversitv boforfl 
taking his degree to «tudy municiput law at 
Lincoln's Inn ; he proceeded B.A. 8 July 
150U, when, he says, he was going abmad 
(O.if. Univ, lies- vol. ii. pt. ii. p. I7H, iii. BW, 
Gxf. HLit.Soc.) His poetical tolents brought 
him some reputati<m and encouragement. 
Si^imi? time between 1020 and li»27 hewasap- 
pointfHl 'governor of the plantation of Har- 
bor-timce in Bristol-hop*- in Brilaniola, an- 
ciently catted NewfounJland.' On 17 Xov. 
Iti28 he made his will tn KngUnd, and gave 
directions to have his body buried in tho 



Havman 



298 



Hay mo 



country wliere hv should Jio. lii* was then 
selling out to n«ttlc a plantation in Ouiiins. 
On ^4 Jun. I(i82 there wa* Issued out of the 
PrerupitivL" Court of Canterbury to one of 
HaymonV creditors a comiuiKsinn 'to ad- 
minister the goods, debts, chattels, &c. of 
the said Robert ITavman lately deceased. So 
I suppose he died beyond the^cas that year, 
ageu 49 or thereabouts' (Wood, Athenee^ 
ii. 645-<I). Ilis -n-orks are: 1. 'Quodlibcts 
lately come over from New Hrit^niola, an- 
ciently called Newfoundland, Kpii^ramf*. and 
other fiuiall parcfU, both moral and divine/ 
in four books. '1. ' SbvltsI sententiom* Epi- 
gTiLiQS and witty RAvinijrs out of sundry 
Authors both Ancient and Modem (especially 
inanr of the Epigrams of John Owen).' 
.S. 'the Two railinff Epistles of the witty 
Itoclor Francis Uublais, translated from the 
J'Veuch. These three works were publiahed 
in one volume, London, Uj28, 8vo. 

[Wood's Atluaa. ii. 615-6.] T. E. J. 

HAYMAN, SAMUKL (ISl8-lft8fi). an- 
tiquarian writer, eldest son of Matthew Hay- 
mAn of South Abbey, Youghal, co. Cork, by 
Helen, third daughter of Arundel Hill of 
l*onerailt! in the same county, w-as bom at 
Youghal iin 2" July 181?*. Having- there re- 
ceived hir* i-arly educntiim from thi> littv. 
Thomufl Nolan, and subsMiueiitlyalCIonrael 
from the Uev. Uobert Bell, U.I)., he entered 
Trinity College. Dublin, on 18 Oct. KWTt, 
und ^aduatedlJ.A. in 1839. Trom 1841 to 
1847 he was curate of Glanworth, from IA47 
to 1819 of Glanmire, and from 1H4» to 186J} 
.of Youghal, his native parish. He was cnl- 
rlnted in 18<yj to the rectory of Ardnageehy, 
and in t8(J7 to that of Doneraile, where he 
remaineil until IH7:^, when, nnderthe new ar- 
rnnpffmenls of thi* church of InOand, he whs 
elected to the rectory of CarnKaliiie, with The 
chapelry of Douglas annexed. Tn ]87.")Don- 

f;liis was constituted a 8'-'par«to benoficf?, and 
le took charge of it, Durinp his incumbency 
Le effected ffreat improvements in the parish, 
including the restoration uf the dilnptdated 
church, llayman was also a cjinon of Cork. 
On '2i\ Sept. 1854 he married, at .St. Anno's, 
Btdfas!, Emily, daughter of the Uev. Mark 
Cas.«idy, chancellor of Kilfenora. co. Clare, 
and jierpeluiil curate of Xewtownanls, co. 
Down, by whom he had an only child. He 
died at Douglas re<^tory on IT* Dec. IBHH, and 
■was buried in the adjacent churchyard. 

Hnyman contributed nrticles, in prose and 
verse, to the 'Dublin University Magazine,* 
the * Christian Examiner,' the ' Church of 
England Magazine,' the * Gentleman's Maga- 
zine,' the * Journal of the Hoyal Historical 
«nd Arebteological Association of Ireland,' 



the * To]KigTapher ami Geneahigist,' and x\ 
* Patrician,' the tifth volume of this lajt< 
nameil publication being inscribetl by it 
editor, Sir Bernard Burke, *to thu lltirjl 
Samuel Ilayman.one of the ablest eontnbu 
tors, and a constant coadjutor in the author^ 
genealogical works." Besides several &«p 
rate sermons and lecture?>, he was aut 
of the following: I. 'Annals of Y'ougbal,^ 
1848. -'. 'Account of the Prewnt State 1 
Youghol Church, including MemoritiU of tlia| 
Bovu'S.theC'oIlegUjnnd Sir Waller Uuleigh** 
House.' &c., I80O. 3. ' Annals t.f Youghal,^! 
2nd ser. 1851. 4. * Haiulb(»ok for Youghal»l 
with Annals of the Town,' 3nl ser. 1852/ 
5. 'Note's and Records of the Ancient Ite^ 
lijgious Eoundations ot Youghal and its Vi- 
cinitVi' 18r»4 : new editions IK4V) and 18ij9.| 
tV ' Kew Handbook for Youghal, willi Aimali 
of the Towii.' 4th ser. 1^8. 7. 'Guide H 
Youghal, Ardmore, and the HIarkwater, ^itlkl 
Map and Illustrations," IHIM*. 8. ' Skwtcb 
the Blarkwater from Youghal to Vermov,*^ 
1860. 9. 'Xlluslriiled Guide to St. Mary's 
Collegiate Church and the other Anci^-nt 
Religious l-'oundiitions at Youghal,' 18<il. 
10. * Illustrated Guide to the Blackwater and 
Ardmore,' lf*01. 11. 'Memorials of the .\n— ^ 
rient l^digioiis Koundations at Youglml andfl 
its Vicinity,' lH<t;t. 12. • Guide to Si. ManV-™ 
Collegiate Church, Youghal,' 18(15 ; new edit, 
18(51*. la. 'About Footsteps, in twelv©, 
chapters,' 18(iU. 14 'Looking Upwanl, 
Country Pastor's Reveries,' 1871. lo. • I'mj 
from a* Parsonage,* 187:i. 16. ' Passap 
from a Commonplace Book,' 1873. 17. *Cri-^ 
teria ; or the Divine Examen,' 1873. 18. ' Mi- 
nistrations; or Feeding the Fl-3ck of God,' 
lK7o. He likewise edited ' Unpuhlishe " 
(ieraldine Documents '(which he cnntribut edi 
to the * Jounml of the Ro^ul Historical sniij 
Archflpologicid Asstieiatiou of Ireland '), fouj 
parts, IH70-81. 

[Burke's Landed Gentry, 1840. i. o5.>: Todd'g] 
Cat. of Dublin Graduatps, p. 263; Journal 01 
tho Ilayal HiHtorJcal and Arobfeologiml Associa 
tion of IwlaiKi, 4lh sor. viii. 16o-70; Bnwlv'a 
Records of Cork, Cloyns. and Ko!cs. i. 10; IrTsfa 
Koclestasticnl GaKvttc, 1 Jhs. 1 887. ixix. IS; 
Brit. Mus. Cat. of Printed Bo*.ks.] B. U. B. 

HAYMO or HAIMO (rf. I(VV4!, arch- 
deacon of Canterbury, is nllegt^'d to have leffej 
Eui^land during the invasion by the Danearf 
and, going to France, to have becomea monli 
at Hi. Denys, and eventually doctor of di- 
vinilyand professor at Paris. Tlie latter state 
ment is without fouTidation. He at'tt-rward* 
returned to England, became an-hdejicon of 
Canlerburv-, and died t* Get. 1054. Ilaymo of 
Canterbury is frequently confused with bis 
namesake the bishop of llalberetadt. 



Toime^^l 

1^1 



Haymo 

dislinguishea between lUero, but even in the 
tiot of works which hu ussig^ns to tbo arcli- 
deacon of Canterburr, there arc ftcvernl which 
iindoitbtt'dly belong' to (ho bi»hop ; it cannot 
bu regarded u» certain thnl any of iheui be- 
long to the urchdeacon. Bfw*tonof Uury men- 
tions thut he had Been several of llaymo's 
works in libraries, but in some e.tws wliere his 
references can be trace*l the works alluded to 
are evidently copies of works by Iloymoof 
llftMM-rstadt. Iluymo'n supposed writ ing-.-fOon- 
eist of oommenturiea on portionBof the Bible 
und eome other theological treatises; a list 
of them will be found in Tanner's * Hiblio- 
checa Britunnico-nibcmira,' A list of the 
corainentaries by one of the UnynioH which 
•were formerly In the libniry at l'hri«t Church, 
Canterbun-, will be found in Edwards's 
* Memoirs of Libraries,' i. 140. 

[Rsle, ii. 49 ; Pits. p. 186 ; Tanner's Bill. Brit.- 
Hib. p. 3R6; Uu BouUy's Hist. Vnir. I'liri**. i. 
A98 ; FabriHos, Bibl. Un. Med. .tv. iii. 180, d^I. 
1764; Wright's Biug. Btit. Lit., .\nglo-.iiix'jii 
Periotl, p. 610.] C. L. K. 

HAYMO OF Favebsham ((/. I "244), Fmn- 
cbcan and fourth general of the order, wiis 
bom at Fsversharo, Kent. After studyinj; 
in England h*- went to Paris, where, accord- 
ing to I<eland, he waa n^puled the most 
Aristotflian of Aristotelians, llewas already 
a priest and famous preacher when he was 
received into tlio Fmuci^ican ortler at St. 
l>euys by Oregnrv of Naples on the Thursday 
before C'Jood Fnday, in what year is un- 
known. Ilamo preached a sermon on the 
oecuion, taking (or his text Psnlm cxxv. 1 
(Vulgite), Shortly nfterwards he appears to 
fasTe returned home, being one of the first 
fVuiSSCUU to come to Knglimd ; hts virtues 
and eloquence gave him gr^at influence in 
promoting the extension of his order. l*ater 
on be wi'iit back to Paris, and was sent as 
n lecturer to Tours, i^ologno, and Padua. 
In liJ3y he was chosen by Itrcgory IX to go 
as one of his envoys to endeavour to bring 
about A union with theCireck church. Haymo 
and his companions first held a discussion ut 
Kictca and thence went to Constantinople^ 
and finally attended a synod at Nymphiea 
in IlithyniR ; the roission, hciwever, proved 
abortive (a«e full account of its procitnlings 
ialilBBB, Concilia, \x\\. iCT-'tlf); antl ^Vaih 
vtlfo, Ann. Ord. Min. iL 31&-49). llaymo 
played a greot part in ftome of the early 
troubles of the order. By his influence 
Qwy w y of Kaploa, ' minister Francin*,* was 
mnored from bis office, and thrMw whom hr 
had imprisoned were relesaed. In \'I'^*^ he 
wsA instrumental in obtaining the depo«t> 
tioo of Elias, the second general of tbe order, 




Hayne 



and made a journey to Rome for this pur- 

iiose. In the chapter held on this occasion 
Iiiymo was appointed ' minister Angliic/ 
lint held the otKce only one year, during 
which time he received into the order HalpD 
de Mftidatiine, bishop of Jlerefonl, and al- 
lowed the friars to enlarge their buildings. 
In 1240 he was made fourth general of tap 
order. His rule was marked by the lir*t and 
lost general ehupttT of the'diftlniii.' Haymo 
died at Anaguta in Italy iu 1:244 ; his toml> 
bore the inscription : 

llii-jacot Angloruu sununum dccus Haymo mi- 
nonim, 
Vivendo frater, hosque regvndo pater, 
Eximius lei'lnr. goaeralis in unlioe rector. 

He must liuvc been an old man, for in 1233 
he is spoken of as ' iste scnex vir Imius et 
In-eviliKiuus.' His virtues earned hira the 
title of * Kjieculum honeilati«.' He wns em- 
ploye<l hy Gregciry IX (Trithemiim wrongly 
says by Alexiiiider IV) to correct and edit, 
the 'Brevmrium iiomnnum,* and is eaid to 
have added the rulmcj". Huymo also wrote: 
1. * De MU.«a) Caerimonti.'^,' printed in the* 
•Monumenta Ordinis Minonim ' (ii. 287), 
Halomanca, 151], and in the ' Libcrfamiliari.9 
Clericorum,' \'enice, Iflfil. 3. • Super maffis- 
trinnsententinrum*(Leland says thai he had 
»v«i\ this work ). 3. ' Sermones per annum.* 

[Ecetuhton's De Adtonta Kmlruiti Minumni, 
in MnnuiUfHlit Kmncumnn, i. 34, 4-1-^1, 50, 
ii. %Z~b: Iceland. I)« JicripioriliOi, pp. 2R0-I ; 
Bale. iv. 27 ; ISls, p. 340 ; Twinfr'n Bibl. Brit-.- 
Hib.pp.38fl-7; WuildifigV Script. Ord. Min. ed. 
18(Ki, p. Ill; Sbaralca'» Su^'pl. in ScrinL Ord. 
S. Kmueisci, «!. 1806, pp. S3:i. 7*J« ; rsbricioji, 
Bibl. Tjit, M«l. .V.y. iii. ISO. od. 1754 : 1»« Boo- 
lay's Uisi. Univ. Paris, iiL 687.] C. h. K. 

HAYNE, THOMAfi { ir.82-lfM5),school- 
master, son of Kobert llayn#' of nirussington, 
Leicestershire, liorn in 1.1M2, matricuhitecl 
from Lincoln College, O.ifortI, on U> Oct. 
irj99. Lameness incapacitated him fnr n<- 
creation, and he devoted himself exclusively 
to study. He was admitted B.A. on :^3 Jan. 
1004-6, was appciinted secfmd under^mastcr 
of Merchant Taylors' School, London, in the 
same year, became usher ntCTirist's Hosi>itaI 
in UtOf^, ami (Hjmmenced M..\ in 1612. Ho 
diiNl on 27 July 164<~i, anrl waa buried in 
C'Uriit Church, Ijondi-m, wltere a mnnuntenl, 
destroYed in the fin? of Ixindc»n, was erecteil 
to his memory, lly will dated 1'OS.ipt. Ift4(» 
lie bequetthnl his books to the librarr at 
Lficflptter, with the exception of a fewwhicli 
he left to the libmnr at WesLnuoater. H» 
aUo ga^e 400/. to be bestowed in buying 
lands or bousw of tbe annual value of J4/. 
for tbe intintefiuice of a schofjlniftfltcr at 



hi 



Hayne 



300 



Haynes 



Tbru(iAinfrtoii to toat^li trii poor cliil(lr*>n, ami 
twqimatlit'd l'2l. yejirly for tlip niHiiitfnnnce 
tif two scholan* in f^ineoln CcUogp, Oxford. 
Soveral utlior cliaritahle bequests nre in- 
rhidcil in hU will. ^^'04l<I (]i>8crIbo3 him as 
'ft nnti'il critic, an excellent linguist, and » 
solid divine, beloved of learned m«?n, und jwr- 
ficulorly respHcfml hy .Solden ^ {At/ifittrOjon. 
ed. Blijif, iii. 1 7.1). An tineiLgraved portrait of 
liim luiti^fi in the town library at Leiceeter. 

His worka are: I. ' l^inguurum coguatio. 
Afu de Linf^uis in ^i-nere ul de \'arinruni 
Lini^aruni IIurmoTiiii I>i££ertatio,' London. 
US39, 8vo. Ivoprintod in Cronitis's *Ann- 
IcctaPhilologico-Critico-IIistoricu/Auister- 
diun, ItiOO. y. Hir&mmiitices Latinre Com- 
poudium.* London, l*i40.8vo. 3. 'Tlieeqiml 
wityps of iioil: I'or rectifying thf» unrqiinl 
wiiyt's uf man. Iirit»fly and clearly drawn 
from tbe Mcn-d Sirriiitnrt-s. . . . Second edi- 
tion, revised imd . . . mlnrired.* London, \M0, 
fol. 4. 'Tlie I^ife and Penth of Dr. Martin 
I^utber, pn'sented in on KnpUsh dresse, out 
of tbe It-nmed and laborious ivork of Mel- 
«bior Adam/ I^omJon, 1<UI, Iti). o. 'Of the 
Article of our Creed : Cliriiit descended to 
Hadcit, or ad Infc-rfw-iftiion.), London, ltt4u*, 
4to. a. 'ChristiiKiiijjfdonie oti Karth.openr^l 
■ccofdtng' to the Scriptures. Herein is ex- 
amined what Mr. Th. Ilriglitman, I)r. J. 
AlRlede, Mr. L Mede, Mr. 11. Archer, Tlie 
^Wymnstt of Sioim (ilory, and such as con- 
curre in opinion wiiU thom.hold conceminjf 
the thonsnnd years of tbe Saint? Iteign with 
Christ, and of Satnns binding,' London. UHTt, 
4to. 1 loyne also publisht'd 11 ' <?eneral \ie\v 
ofthe Holy Script iire,H ; orlbeTiiUfi*, PIace5, 
«nd Persons uf lI^dv Seriiiture,* lind edit., 
much enlarge<i, I^ivdon, iti41>, fol. The first 
<^ition of ibis ftnont'mnns boolt was ciillml 
'TimcB, riaw^j*, & Persons of the hoUo Scrip- 
tures. Otherwifieentituled.TbeUenorolView 
ofthe Holy Scriptures' London, 1(J07. 4lo. 

[Lowndcs'i IJibl. Mau. (Bohit), 1017: N'l- 
tfUols'B Loicftstershire, iii. pt. i. p. 40B ; Oxford 
UitiTeruity R^giator (CUrlc), ii. pt. ii. p. 236, 

5t. iii. p. 252; Watt's Tlibl. Brit.; WilsonV 
iBFchant Tnvlom' School, ii. U62 ; Wood's Col- 
leROB and Urtlls (Qutch), p. 240; Wood's Hi*!. 
<•: Antiq. L'liiv. dxon. ii. 166.) T. C. 

HAYNE or HAYNES, WIU.IAM 01. 
1631 ?), beiid-um»ter of iho Merchant Tav- 
lora' ScIkxjI, i.s utatifd in the records of tbe 
Merchant Taylors' l^)mpany to have been 
iidmitte<l into their school on '2S April l')G4 
AS 'son of . . . Huynei of Bristol, Veonun ' 
(Cottrt ^finuf^^A). Seven years afterwards 
lie urofl elected scholiir of ChriHt's College, 
Cambridpe, where ho gmdnnted ^[.A., nud 
About lobo bomnie, he telln us 'a teacher 
■D grammar learniug * {Biil 0/ Cvmplaint). 



Partly through tbe influeutw of W'atsoii, hi- 
e^hon of riiicliester, and of Cioodman, dean 
of NA'eBtniinster, be was chosen in 1599 head- 
master of Merchant Taylurs' School. For 
twenty-five years he coniinui^d in this post, 
among his more distinguished pupils being 
Bishops Wren, Dee, and Wilde; Shirley, the 
dramatist: Buletrode Whiteloche ; and Etl- 
mund Culamy tbe elder. He Ktood in high 
repntc as a graminariait, and the school flou- 
rished under bis care, the numbers e.tceeding 
the reguluiioiis; but his rektions "with thu , 
teaching staff and tlie governors (the Mer- 
ehont Taylors* Company) were not alwaya . 
i^tisfactory. In Kl^ he* was dismissed from 
ojtice ufvon rnrious charges which could not 
be legally Kustaiued. He appealed to the lonl 
keeper, and obtained compensation from tho 
company uijont-he ground that the infirmities 
of oge rather than • insufficiency ' had caused 
the alleged misconduct. He is said to bavo 
died in ItWI at an advanced age. He hod 
a son. John Hnyne.of St. John's College, iDx- 
ford, who from lUlC to 1018 was first under-, 
master ot Merchant Taylors'; but Thomas 
Hayne [q. r.], al-to a master of tho school and 
a grammoriMn, does not seem to have been 1 
relnled to him. 

Hayne published: 1. ' CertaineKpistbyt of 
Tvilly verhfllly Translated. Together with a 
Short Treatise, containing un order of in- 
structing Youth in (Immmor, and with all 
the use and benefite of verball translations,* 
kc, printed at London, IQII, small Svo (a 
copy in the Bodleian Library). This book ha» , 
ft Latin dedication to the Merchant Taylors* 
Componv, nnd nt the end n list of some other 
b<iolir<, eixiy-six in number, which * I have 
ibiB twmity years used, and mny, as occasion is 
otfered hereaf(cr,publi»h.' 1'.' Lillie'sUulesfor 
theCii-nders of Nouns,' undated. 3. ' Henry's ^ 
Phmses, a very useful book to enable young- ■ 
Scholars to make and smak eloquent Latine* a 
(reprinted, with an addition of about a thou- 
sand uhmses, 1653). 4. 'Lillie's Unles Con- 
strueu, whervunto is added Tho. Kohinson's 
lleteroclites, the Latin Synlaxis, and Qui 
Mihi ; also Tliero is a<lded the Rules for tbe . 
(ft-nders of Nouns and preter perfect Tens4*aJ 
and Supines of Verba in Kngli^h alone witb 
tbe terminations of tbe IKxklcnslons sml 
\'erbs. Never printed before,' I^ondon, I(Jr>:t. 
This book was largely used and frequently 
ro-editod ; a late edition by John Ward, | 
17C0, is best known. 

[WiltMin's Hist, of Merchant Taylors' School, 
p. 220, &c*. ; Kohinnon's Hegister of Mert^hnut 
Tajlon.' School; Brit. Mus. Cat.; Bodl. Libr. 
Cat.) C.J.Jl. 

HAYICES. [See also Haixm.] 



Haynes 



301 



Havnes 



HAYNES, HOP'n)N(1072?-1749»,theo- 
logii'al writer, wdls horn about UST'J. Jle 
entered the serrice of the mint &s weigher 
ttnd teller in 1690 or early in 1H97, and was 
promoted to be assay -mn^ter in 1723. In 
April 17S7, having b**en a!M)ve forty ytiara in 
the mint, llayn4'» wa.4 allowed to appoint a 
deputy; heretiredonfuU pensiuu.HI'Vb. i74i>, 
retainiujr the auditorsUip of the tally ofticc io 
ihe exebefjiiLT. 

liaynciss entrance into tfaemintwaa nearly 
eynchronous with Sir Isuuc Newton's app'nnt- 
ment as warden (19 Mnrirli 1090), and it ia 
not imprubttble tluit he was a prot^j^^o of 
Xewton, with whom he waa very intimate 
till Newlflo's death {-JO Marrh 1727). lie 
translated into Latin (ufler 1708) Newton's 
two letters on thetextunl criticism of 1 John 
V, 7, H, and 1 Tim. »ii. 16. Throujjh him 
"Whiston, in 1713, communicated with New- 
ton on the Bubjoct of baptism. Richard Biiron 
[q.T.] de8cril»es llarnesaa 'the mast realourj 
unitarian* he ever Knew. He attended ihe 
service» of the established church, .sitliu^c 
down at certain parta ' lu show his disJiko/ 
till Samuel Say (r^ 174S),pre3bytenan minis- 
ter at rrinces Street, WeslmiustfT, told him 
his prnctlco waa inconsistent, and he never 
tt^min attt'ndod any place of worship. lie 
died at Queen S<]uare. Westminster, on 
19 Nov. 1749, aged 77 {Gent. Mag.; Lixn- 
ecr, on the authority of a funeral ring-, give.-* 
the dat« IH Nov.) He waN twice married, 
and had several children by hits tintl wife, of 
whom Samuel Hayne-*, D.I), [ij. v.J, wiw the 
eldest. Hirt second wife waa 5Jary Jocelyn(rf. 
22 Sept. 17'W, affed t»o), a member of Say's 
congregat ion. His portrait, by H it^hmore, is in 
^^JJr. Wniliims's Librar\*, fJordon Square, Lon- 
5on. W'.C ; it haa been entfraved by Nug^mt 
lie published: 1. 'A ftrit-f Enquiry re- 
lative to the Ui^ht of His Mflj.;*sry*g Uoyal 
(*hapel . . . within the Tower,' Sec, 17-8, 
fol. '2. ' Cauaa Pel contra Novaton's; or 
the Religion of the Ittble and . . . the I'ulntt 
ci>m|)an'>d. In a Letter to llie Revd. Mr. 
Wilson," &c., 1747, Hvo (anon.; at p. (iO is the 
nguature ' A. B.') Posthumoua was 3. * The 
Scripture Account of . . . God; and . . . 
ChnEt/&c., 175<J,^vo (edited by John Black- 
bum, presbyterian minister of K'vn^ John'<t 
Ctmrt, Bcrroondsey, afterwards of Newburj*, 
Berkshire, dieil January 170J); 2nd edition 
1790, 8vo (edited by Tbeophilus Lindsey 
[fl'^O^' ^^ edition, 1797, Hvo; 4th edition, 
IiackiieT, 1815, Hvo, with memoir by liobert 
AspUiio[q.v.] According to Nichols, be kIm 
wrote a tract, 'The Ten Commaudacnt* 
better than the Apostle*' Creed.' 

{Vrtxil. Maff. 1750. pp. 9S. 624; WeUUin's 
V. T. Gnec*, proltgotneiiA, 1751. p. 165; Whit- 



ton's MemotK, 1753. p. 178: Gordon's Cordiar 
for lyow Spirit* (Biimn). 1763. i. aviii; Mont-hly 
Repoaitory. 181U p. 32\ 1810 p. 336; NicfaotsV 
Liu Anecd. 1812, ii. iJOtq. ; Waltacu'sAQ'ithn. 
Uiog. 1850. iii. 435 sq., 455 m^. ; Money's Hist. 
Newtjurv Prtsbytfrinns, in Kowbury Weekly 
Nl-ws 29 Miirch'l888.] A. G. 

HAYNES, JOHN (rf. IfiW), the third 
governor of Massachusetts Bar, and first 
governor of Connecticut, New Lngland, was 
bom in Kascx, and was the boii of John 
Hnyne9((i. 3 Nov. l(X)5)cif Old Holt, in the 
Mime county, by Mary Michell, liia wife. 
Some time before IGl' t Havnes purchased the- 
manor of Copford Hall, ^.»9vx (V. MoRiST, 
Jlvit, of ICuw.i', 17*tH, ii. 195), aTul is said ti> 
have been worth 1,<X)0/. ayeor. Heatiached 
himself to the puritans, and ujMin the invita- 
tion of fiovernor Wiuthropand others aailed 
for New England in liVi3 in the GrifBn,. 
arriving at Bost-on on 4 Sept., after a voyage 
of a couple of months, during which time 
the two hundred pn.'*!*engt'rs had ^e^mon» 
three times a day. Cotton iind two other 
fathers of the puritan church went over in 
the «ame shi]>, HayiieN took his freedom un. 
14 May 1fJ:J4, and at the next election wa» 
chosen one of the aMiatanta of the colony. 
He was also placed on the extraordinary 
commission of^seven persons who had charge- 
of 'all military affairs whatsoever,' with 
power to levy war, imprison, or put to death. 
In KiiJo he succeeded Thomas Ihidlcy aa 
fiovemor, elected * partly because the people- 
would exercise ifaotr absolute; power, and 
Sartly upon some speeches of tlw deputy,' 
hOger Ludlow, who aspired to the post (J. 
WiXTUBop, Ilvtt. of New /iny/anrf, Boston^ 
18-'>H, i. I8H), Haynei) was oomcwbat un- 
willing to a.ssume the office, and in his Krst 
address dcclinml the usual allowance for the 
year, seeing ' bow much the people had been 
pressed lately with public charges ' {ih. \. 
UK)). He had to check the colonising activity 
of the Dutch under Van Twiller, immorta- 
lise by Dietrich Knickerbocker, In 1G36 
he was euperseded by Henry Vane, * fortu- 
nate,' say* Savage, 'in being govemour of 
MassachusettB, and more fortunate in remov- 
ing after his first year in office, thorebj 
avoiding our bitter contention*', to become 
the father of the new colony of Coaaecticut ' 
{Ut. i. 130n.) As oorlv oa ltiS4 Hayne* and 
otherrt had endeavounMl to form a now settle- 
ment on the Connecticut river.andiu October 
of the following year sixty pemons omi- 
grated thither, but'thc winter was to sererv 
that tbey had to return. A more vigoroua 
ellbrt was made in the spring of 1030, and 
about a hundred persons marched through 
tho ' wildemea*/ the journey ucoupyiitg & 




Haynes 



forlnl^rlil. TwrlvL- monlliK Inter liny nes r<^ 
TOOvwl liift fninily to Itartford. Miu-h figUt- 
itiif took iilacf! with the Pof^uots the muitt 
warlilu' of the Ni'w England Indians, before 
they wi-TCYimquUhyd. In 1639 the coloui.'its 
ndoptcd It C('ini*r.tlution (reprintvil in B. 
TrmnhuUn 'lliet. of Conuctticut; 181&, i. 
-fiO^), Mid to Ike 'the first example iu 
ustury uf » written cornet iliition ' <J. (.K 
. pAi-ITtKr, //i>/. o/* A>«7 EttglanH, 18tW, t. 
^Ht^'l), And in April Ila^-nes wa^ choiUNi the 
firtit jjoveniur uf Conuoclieut. l>ne af his 
t-arliest act» was to urge the necessity of 
cunipitiiif? a c(Hle of laws. As under the 
uew constitution no person could be govenior 
more tlioti twice in two years Edward 
Huiikimt wn« chotwn in 1640, Haynes being 
re-iJecled in lCi4i. Tlie next yeiir (ienrge 
AVyllya wa« appnintetl. In ItU^J Hnynett, 
<m(.*e niorp iu otticv, took an nctivu part in 
tho confedcrutjon of four New Eu^'lund coh>- 
iiies for iirotecli'm. In IBJtihewas in greut 
<langer durinK w terapeM (letter of AVinthrop, 
10 Xur. ap. lliitt. \\. \'M)), and escaped mur- 
kier bv an Indian (U. Tuimbull, IlUt. \. 
l/iS-OV While in Ma^achusetts he held 
c>lrongopmii>nfl on the necessityof strict rule, 
«ml considered Winthn^p to havo 'dealt too 
remissly in point uf juslico * (WiNTiiRftp, i. 
212), hut becamu mure liherul in his viewa. 
' TImt heavenly man, Mr. Ilains/ says Hoger 
AVillinniR, ' lliuuKh he nrouoiuiced the seu- 
tenou of my long banidumeui against me at 
Ca»ibridge,tbi-iiXewtown,' was vcrr friendly 
At llnrtford (h^tt4>r to Mnjor .MaAon,22 June 
1670, in ^faM. Ilt'it. Sur. VulL i. 280). 

Uayuoit died on I March 1654 at Ilartforvl^ 
Goanecticut. He was twice marrie^l. By 
bis first wife, Mar>', daughter of Ilobert 
Thornton of Nottingham, he had ICobert (d, 
1(V»7), Hezekioli, Ilomir, and Marv. The 
iinit»on fought in England aa a ro^'alist.and 
the second on a parliamentarian. Ilexe- 
kiah lived nt C'opford Uall till the father's 
death, and left the estate to bis heirs. The 
aecond wife of Ilaynea w^aa Mabel llarlo- 
kendcn, by whom he Imd John, Joseph 
(HJ;W-1C79), acleiigyman, Kuth.and Mabel. 

' lie wa.H uot considered in any rejpeet in- 
ferior to (lovemor Winthrop,* eays Trum- 
bull {Hist. i. 21«>>, and Bancroft describej^ 
bim AS ' of a very large estate and larger 
nllections ; of a heavenly mind and avpotlcas 
life ; of mra wigncity and accurate but unaa- 
suming judgment; by nature tolerant, ever a 
friend to freedom ' ( UUt.ofthe Vnited States, 
im-i, i. 304 >. 

lIlio(ETBi)hT in J. B. M^jore's Sremoini of Ame- 
rican GnvL-rnorft, New York, 1846, i. 297-312; 
•T. AVinthroji'* ULit. of New tjigland, by J. 
Sfirnge, B«ton, 1S53, 2 vols.; J. Sarnge'i 



ffeneal'y. DictiooarT, 1880, ii. aStf; F. M. Ciat- 

kia-^'s Hist, of Nerw London. Conn., NcwX-iriduo, 
1852; ilutchinsoii>ni!«t -' •' ■ •' 'nvnfMjtw. 
Bay. 17«5, vol. i. ; W. H' : ' ."of Jodinii 

Wam. bj S. G. Dmke. ];■ . :-s<i.V :• rok. 

J. Wmsor's Hial. of Ameriesi. issrt, iii. SJO-t; 
Memorlnl Hi«L uf Boaiun, 1882. i. 121, VU. 
300.) H. R. T. 

HAYNES, JOHN (Jf. 1730-1750), 
dmiit;ht«ninn and engraver, apparently a 
native of Y!)rk, drew and engraved Krai« 
views of York and ScarlMirough forT, Gent's 

* History of King»ton-on-I lull/ Ho »l*o drew 
ni.iny of the architectural plulet for Drake'* 
' Ebttracum,' published in 1736. In 1740 hi* 
published an etching from hia own drawing 
of * The Dropping Well at Kmircdborough 
All it appeared in the (ireat Frost, Januarv 
I7:ti*.' .\%iewof the Dukeof CuroberUnd* 

• Mandarine Yacht' at Windsor was engraTtid 
b^' Iluynejt in 1753, and a large plan of the 
city of York in 1748. 

I Dudii'dmunuirnpt Hist, of English EngraTnv 
(Hrit- Mn«. Add. MS. 3S40I); Upoott's P.ng\iih 
Topogr. ; Gough'ji Brit. Tupogr.J L. C. 

HAYNES, JOSEPH (rf. 1701 v .^-'-r 
[Sec HuKBK.] 

HAYNES,JOSEPn(17flO-182!').painH'r 
and etcher, born in 1 TOCl at Sbrewshun , catu« 
to Ixmdon Mrly in life. He studied under 
John Hamilton Mortimer, A,U.A. 'o. v.], 
and on the tUmth of that artist in I7?y woii 
for some time engaged in ittching from his 
works. These eicliings inrhidti^ ' Paul preach- 
ing to the Brit^iiu ' and ' Rohbpr«» and Ban- 
ditti.' Subsequently he etched for Samuel 
Ireland [q.r.] two subject* from picturv^ by 
Hogarth, 'Debates on Palmiatrv and a por- 
trait of ' The Right Hon. Jame* CaulfeUd, 
ICarl of Charlemount.' At a later date he 
copied some of Sir Joshua Reynolds'* pic- 
turpi. Tie made a journey to Jamaica, which 
proved fruitte^«, and on hi? return went hack 
to Shrewsburj-. He eventually settled ta a 
drawing-ma-iter at Chester, where he died on 
14 Dec. 1829. He is also suttnl to ban 
worked in mezzotint. Hik pointing* are few, h 
nnfl are M-ldom met with, but his eichincs ■ 
and engraving:*, which have consiJerablu ■ 
merit, are numemus. 

[Kedgnve'sDict.of ArtiitaiKoglar'fl Kuostlnr- 
Loxikon; Nichols'a Aut^d. uf Hogarth ; K. G. 
Sali»l.ury'« Bonl«r "Worthies; Bryan's Diet, of 
Painters, ed. Graves and Anostzong, ISGS. i< 
635.] L. C. 

HAYNES, S.\MrEL U 1752>, hlstori- 
oal writer, was the rod of Hoptoa Haynes 
[q. v.] He was educated at King's College, ' 
QimtnridgB, and graduated B.A. in 1723. llo i 
pxt>oeeded M.A. in 172r and D.D. in 174B. , 



I 



I 

I 



Haynesworth 



303 



Hayter 



or some time he trnvcUed as tutor to James 
IJecil, sixt^ earl of Salisbury, who in I7.J7 
jin? -rented hira in the valuuble rvctorv of Hat- 
iifld. Ill 1713 he became eiinun of Wjudtsor, 
tind in 1747 rt'ctor of Clothftli, Hertfordethirt^ 
hoUltitc both living untit biR death, wliich 
took y\nCK on U June \7't'J. Ylaynps vcan 
for some years eneagt^ in prepiirin^ an etii- 
tion of the vnluable Stnt<! Pnpers (preserved 
At ilutfield) which dealt with th<< career of 
"William Cecil, U>rd Burghley. Oldys wrote 
in his • Diftr>-' on u Fub. 17^7-8 that Uaynes 
was then enffoged on tht' work, * that he hud 
two or three tranacribt-rii at work,* and ' in- 
teniled to publish volume at a time.' On 
!;Jti.\tNrch following Oldys discussed the work 
at Aines'fl houne, and was invited to assist 
in the undertaking, but declined on the 
jfTOund that many papers were to b(» ' atiHed ' 
becaitsu they dealt too freely with EUm- 
beth's ' girliah frolics ' (Oldvs, Diari/, pp. 19, 
1^6). The original design seems to have been 
to bring the work down to IttI:?. I5ut Haynes 
completed only one vtdume, which was pub- 
lished, by «ubBcri|iliun, under the title, * Col- 
lection of Stale PupfTs relating to AlFairH in 
the Ueignft of Henry VIII, Lldward VI, Mary, 
and Elizabeth, from 154;f to 1570. Tran- 
scribed from the Original Letters and other 
Authontick Memorials left hy W. Cecill, 
Lord Burghley, and now remaining nt Hat- 
field House,' London, 1740, fol. An edition 
by William Murdin, in 2 vols, fol., which 1 
brought the date of the publi^ihed papers ' 

V^own to loBH, appeared tn 17o9. \ 

[Cluttarltuck's llortfordshire. ii. 384, iii. ."JO.S ; , 
I JJovc'h I'asti Angi. iii. 408; ('oop«r'ji M«?zn. 1 
of Cambr. i. 238; Cbalmen'ii Hiog. Diet. xvii. | 
2S9 ; Orad. Canubr. p. 235; Wiitt'» Bibl. Brir. 
i. 478 : N'irboU'fl Tjt. Aneed. ii. 140 ; Oont. Mag. 
I7A2, p. 289: Hint. MSS. Comm. Cal. of tbo 
MiSS. at Hat£«Id Huum, pL i. intrnd. p. vii.] 

W. A. J. A. 

HAYNESWORTH, WILLL\M (Jl. 

l(>i>0). enj;raver, one of tlie earliest Kngltsh 
*ugravoni, ip known by a fairly good engrave<l 
portrait of Uiehard Cromwell as lord pro- 
toctnr. There arc copies of this oxtremolv 
•carce print in the print mom ut the British 
Museum and in the ll^utherland Collection 
in the Bodleian Librnn.'flt Oxford. Uaynes- 
-worth alw enpraved a print of Gefl'roy de 
liuaignan, a copy from a similar engraving 
^by Jerome David. 

^ft [^Scrutt's Diet, uf EograTArs; Dodd'g mioa* 
^Bsript Hist, of Kngliah EngniTon (Brit. Mui. 
^Bdd. ]US. 33401).] L.C. 

^ HATTER, CHARLES (1701 1B35), 
miniature-painter, bora oa 2^ Feb. 1761, was 
800 of Uharles lUyter, an architect and 




builder in IXampshire. Ue was brought up 
to his fathers profession, but, developing a 
talent for drawing small pencil jwrlmitJi, de- 
voted himBt'lf to miniature-painting, which 
he practised first in his native county, and 
afterwards In London. He earned a con- 
sidt-rablo reputation by his portraits in watcr- 
coloura on ivory and in crayons oii Tellum, 
and watt a constant exhibitor nt the Royal 
Academv between 178f{ and 1832. He gave 
lessons in penipective to the Princess Cliar- 
lutte of Wales, and dedicated to her a useful 
work, published in 1813, * An Introduction 
Ui Perspective, adapted to the capacitieii of 
Youth, in a serii's of pleasing and familiar 
Dialogues,' &c., which went through aix edi- 
tions, the last issued in 1845. In accepting 
the diwlicat ion, t he princeiifiouthorised Heyt«r 
to stylo hiinBclf profe.'iwor of perspective and 
drawing to her royal highness. He was also 
author of ' A T^'ew Practical Treatise on the 
three Primitive Colours, assumed aa a perfect 
System of Rudimental [iiformat ion,* &C. , w it h 
coloured diagrams, London, 1826, 8vo. Hay- 
ter died in Ixindon on 1 Dec. 183fi. lie 
married in 1788 Martha Stevenson of Charing 
Cross, and was the father of Sir George 
Hayter [q. v.] and of John Hayter, at one 
time a fashionable portrait draughtsman in 
crayons, who was born In IHOO, and still 
survives. 

[Bedgrare's Diet, of ArtistH ; Gravas'i Diet, of 
Artiste, 1760-1880; UmvoTAal Cat. of Books on 
Art; informntion from Angolo C. Hayter, M>q.l 

F. ftl. O'D. 

HAYTER, Sir GEOHOE (1792-1871). 
portrait and hi^^torical pninter, wn of Charles 
Hayter [a. v.], miniature-painter, waa bora ia 
^^t.'Jamcsa Street, London, on 17 Dec, 1792. 
While vcrv voung bo was admitted into the 
schools of tho Knyal Academy, and gained 
two medals for drawing from the antique. 
He was at sea in 180^, and rated as a mid- 
shipman in the royal navy, but ho could 
not have remained very long in the service, 
for between 1809 and 1815 he exhibited at 
the Royal Academy several minialurea and 
portraits tn chalk nud crayons. In 1815 bs 
was appointed 'painter of iuininlureJ> and 
portraits to the Prmcess Charlotte and Prince 
Leopold of Soxe-Coburg,' and received from 
the directors of the British Institution » 
premium of two hundred guineas for hia pic- 
ture of ' The Prophet Ezra.' In 1816 he went 
to Rome, where be studied for nearly three 
year9,and was madea member of the Academy 
of St. Luke. On his return to London ho 
DorameneiMi practice as a portroit-painter, and 
8i>on obtained a good position. In 1821 his 
works at tho Royal Academy included * The 



Hayter 



304 



Hayter 



Duke of Wellin^n alamliu^ by lus borse 
Copcnhiiffen,* ana ' Veuus, 8u]i[>Drted by Iris, 
compluiniiig to Mars, arttr having' been 
wounded by Diomedes.' Theac were followed 
ill \&2:i hy * Tlic Trial of Quotin Caroline in 
the House of J^ords/ and iii 18:?o by 'Tlio 
Trial of Ijord ■WiUiam Kiiasell at the <.)Id 
Tlailoy in 168.3/ a largo picture paintwl for 
the Uuke of Bedford, and now at Wobiini 
Abbey. It waa engraved in mezzotint by 
John C. Bromley. Ho ag^ain visitetl Italy 
in 1826, wlien he was elected a member of 
tho academies of Parma, Klorenco, DolognSr 
and VenicR. On his way liome he stayed 
until 1831 in Paris, where he painted some 
|K)rtrait8 of French celebrities. In 1833 he 
wns cummissioned by K.mg Leopold to paint 
a portmit of tho Princess Victoria, on whose 
accession to the throne he woa appointed ' por- 
trait and historical painter to the qiietui.' 
In 1838 he sent to the lioysl Academy • The 
Queen, seated on the throne in the Iluiise of 
Lordx,' painted for the city of London, and 
now in 1 he council chamber in the Guildhall, 
and also a portrait of Viscount Melbourne. 
These were the last works he exhibited at the 
lioyal Acndcmy, but bo afterwards ptiinted 
Q large pictun' nf * TlieCoruniilinn 01 Queen 
Victoria,' which was engraved by Henry T. 
Itvall, as well as 'The Marriagw of Queen 
Victoria,' engravtHl by Charles v.. Wngstafl", 
and now in the royal collection at Wind.iior 
Castle. In 1K41, on tho death of Sir Uavid 
Wilkie, he was appointed 'prineipal paint ur 
in ordinary to the oueea/ and in lH42be waa 
knighted. He had previously received the 
Persian order of the Lion and Sun. 

He continued to exliibit at the Kritish In- 
Btitution, sending in 1848 * The Moving of the 
Address to the Crown on the SleetiDg of the 
iirat Keformed I'arliament in the old House 
of Commons on the 5th of February, IKW,' 
now in the National Portrait Gallery ; in 1H64 
' The Queen taking the Coronation Oath,' en- 
graved by Thomas L. Atkinson, and 'The 
Arrest of Cardinal Wolsey for High Treason;' 
iu 1856 'The .Martyrdom of Kidley and Lati- 
mer;' and in 18o9 ' The Christening of the 
Prince of Wales,' which wiw engruved hy 
"W'illiamGreatbuchiaud is now in the pos.-w'H- 
sinn of the queen at "VVindnor Castle. He 
pninteil likewise' Latimer preaching lit Paul's 
I'nvHs,' engraved by W.H.Kgleton, and some 
scriptural subjects, such as 'Joseph interpret- 
ing the Dream of the chief Raker,' exhibited 
in 1848; * The Angels ministfrinif to Christ,' 
painted in 1810, and now In the South Ken- 
aington Museum; 'Our Saviour after the 
'J'emptation,' exhibited in 18&U; and 'The 
Olormus Company of the Apostles praise 
Thee,' exhibited in 1854, and engraved by 



W. TI. Egleton. Among the nuzneroue po^ 
traits fif distinguifihed person* which It 
painted were thtwe of (^ueen Vicloria fa 
Goldsmiths' Hall; the Karl of Surrey, 
his robes as tirt^t page to Ueoi^ IV aj. I 
Coronation; Dr. l\dwar<l Hftrei3urt,archbt>>!u 
of York; Lord LynMlorli, and I^rd Johfl 
^ Uusaell. Though all arti carefully exftoul 
they do not potisess the liigheit artistic meritj 
j Some were engraved in Sannders's ' Portraili 
I and Memoirs ofKminent Living Political R«»^ 
formers,' 1K40. Hayter was also the authorof 
an e.ssay on the classiBcat ion (if colours, with 
adiiigram containing l't:^tinU, which for 
an appetidi.\ to the 'Horius Ericaeiw AVo 
burnensis,' privatelv printed bv the Duke ) 
Bwlford in 1826. 

Hayter died at 2'}^ Marvlebone Road 
London, on 18 Jan. 1871, anil wag buried i 
the St. Marylebone cemetery ai Finchley. 

[.\rt Journal, 1871, p. 70; Timej. 23 Jaiii 
1871 ; Athotiwuni. 1871, i- 119; RcdgniTe'sPirti 
of Artists nf thp Kogltsb Scliool, 1 878 ; Dryaa*^ 
Diet, of Prtintcr** and Kiigmvers, *-J. GniTr 
I88fl-B, i. r,35; noynl Acad. Eihibitioo Cat 
lognes, 1 809-38 ; Itri't. lu^L Exhibition CatAlogua 
(Living Artist*), 1816-39.] R. E. G. 

HAYTER, JOHN (175G-1818). aotiJ 
qiiary, bom in 17o<i, was educated at Etc 
and at King's Colltgo, Cambridge, of whic 
be became a fellow (Cooper, Memori^U 
Cnmhridtfe, i. 232). He gain»Hl tho Browi 
gold mednl for a flrcfk ode in I77«i, and 
graduated B.A. 1778, M.A. 1788. M..\. Ox- 
fortl, ml etmdi^m, 19 Feb. 1812. He was pre- 
fiented by his college to the rectory of Jiep*_ 
worth in Suffolk, nnd wns eliajdain in orubJ 
narv to the Prince of Wales (^afterward 
George IV), In 1800 the Prince of Wole 
undertook to continue at his own etpet 
the unrolIiDg nnd deciphering of the |iapyi4l 
fovmd at Herculaneum in 1752. Hayter wiui| 
given a salary by tho prince and' Rent to 
Naples to take charge of the ' Olficina ' and 
direct the work. Ajter obtaining with Koma 
diiKrulty access to the papyri, which hattl 
het-n tnkrii by tho Neapolitan court to Pa- 
lerm'i^, Hayler Ijegan npprnlionH in 1802 at 
Poriici, near Naples, He had charge of th»-a 
papyri from 1802 to \>VM. The tank of un- 
rolling nnd deciphering waa accomplishe' 
well B,ud rapidly, but (according to the edit^ 
of the Oxford ' Fragmenta Herculaueasia') 
Haytf^r was not a good scholar, and his : 
storatioiii! of the text are of little value. In 
four years about two hundred rolls wer 
opened, and nearly one hundred copied it 
lead-pencil facsimiles under Uayters super- 
intendence. The copies vary in accuracy, buB 
on ihc whole ar« fairly correct. On tl 



Hayter 



305 



Hayter 



French invaaion of Naples in 180f( Hayter 
retired to Palermo. The origiual |Mi|tyn were 
ilflaintHl Itv t.lie Xeannlitan (fovt'rnmont.aiid 
fell irUo tlu.' liRtiils nf the French. Thr- lead- 
puncil Oie«iniiti'A uIki pulsed out of IlnylerV 
hand*, but were nf- last recovered froru the 
Ntfapolitan authorities through tho intlitcDec 
of Sir NV. Drmnmond, the IJritish minister. 
At. Palermo Hnyteroccupiedhimfit'lf in super- 
intending the fngruving-of the 'Cnrinen Lo- 
tinum,'the'li#>>i6aj«iTou,*and Hnraer'piM'imen 
nlphabolj*. In 1H09 hewas ret-Hlled to Kog- 
iand by the Prince of Wales, Hayt*jr*8 lead- 
CKrneil faoeimdee and the enfrravingA madt! at 
Wlermi>w«re presentf-d bvtho prineo in 1810 
to tha university of Oxford. In 1811 a uni- 
vorsity comraittee arranged for an edition hy 
liayter of the 'Carmen Lutinum' and the 
'11(^1 Bai>drov,' but nothing wasdone and Hay- 
ter went abroad. The api»endix to W. Scott's 
* Fragmenta 1 lerculanen^ia ' containt* repro- 
dtictions of the cnpiwr-phites engravi-d from 
HHyter's leail-pencil facsimilej* for Hayler's 
intended edition. IIa\'tordied at Paris from 
apoplexy on '2i) Nov. 1818, in his sixty-third 
year. The'Extraonlinary lEed Book ' (Oent. 
Mftg. 181ft, pt. i. p. ITS') lias an entn.* under 
7 Nov. 1797 of a contingent pensinn to 'Eliza- 
beth and Sophia Hayter, to commence on the 
death of the Kev. John Hayter.' Hayter 
publisheil : 1. 'The Ilerculaiiean and Pom- 
iieian Manuscripts' [London?], 181)0, 8vo. 
a. * The Hereuhinean Manuscripts/ 2nd edit. 
London, 1810. 3, ' Observatiuus upon a Ke- 
view of the " Herculanensia" in the "Quar- 
terly Review,"' London, 1810, 4to. 4. ' A 
Report upon the Herculanean Slanuacripta,' 
London, iHll, 4to lNo». 1, 2, 3 are uub- 
lished as ' Letters ' to the Pjiuo? of Wales K 
Some of Hayter's papers, labelled ' llercula- 
neum pajiera relating to my employment/ are 
1>ound in a volume in the JBodlcian Library. 

[Oi-nt. Mag. 1618 pt. ii. p. 631, 1819 pt. i. 
p. 170; Hayter'spubliirationa; W. Scott's Frag- 
mania Hvrcalaneoaia, 1885, p. 2£; Quarterly 
Beviev, February 1810, p. 1 «.] W. W. 

HAYTEK, UTCHARD (IRll .'-lfiR4>, 
the<)ln|«iral writer, bum about Itill, waa the 
soil of William liayter, flihmonger, of Salift- 
buri-, Wiltshire. In l(i2tt he ent^^ Mag- 
<Laleu Halt, Oxford, ug a coninioncr, and 
p-aduated B.A. 20 April Ui:il', and M.A. 
i9 Jan. !«;U (Wood, Faati Oxon. ed. niias, 
i. 404, 474). Ho r<*tunied to Salisbury, 
lired there as a layman, and wrote * The 
Meuiing of Revelation : or, a FaraphrsM 
with Questions on the Itevelationnf St. John, 
in which the Synchronism* nf Mr. Jiweph 
>[ede,and tht» Kxpoftilionji of other lnl*rprt> 
^vrs. are called into question/ 4to, Londoa, 

VOL. XXV. 



I1375 (another edition, 6vo, London, l(>7rt). In 
April 1083 he had ready for the press ' Krrata 
Mori. The Errors of llcnr\' More contained 
in his Epilogue annex'd to Uis Exposition of 
the Kevelation of St. John/ &o., together 
with another book; but neither appears to 
hav« I)een printed (Wool), Athenet O.ron. 
ed. liU.sji". iv. 138). liayter died on 30 June 
U3ft4, and was buried in the church of St. 
Thoma», Saliftbury. 

f Hatcher's Salisbury (in Uoore's Wiltahirt), 
p. 628.} G. O. 

HAVTER,TIIOMAS(170'>-I702),bii.hop 
auceewivelv of Norwich and London, bap- 
tised at Chagford, Devonshire, 17 Nov. 1702, 
was eldest eon (of ten children) of George 
Hayter, rector of Chagford, who was buried 
there on 9 Oct. 1728, by his wife Grace, 
who dieil on 22 Maruh 1700. The Hayter 
family purchasc^d ihe advowson of Chag- 
fortl in 1037, and the living has been held 
by descendanli* in unbroken succe-ssion for 
moro tlian two centuries. Thomas waxedu- 
CQted at Blundell's school, Tiverton. With 
theitid of a temporary exhibit ion, awarded to 
him bv the feojtees in 1720, he mulriculated 
at Bailiol Collop?, Oxford, on 30 May 1720, 
and graduated B.A. on 21 Jan. 1724. He 
subsequent ly became a memtx-r of Emmanuel 
College, Cambridge, whi-rn he took liie dtj- 
greeaof.M.A. (1727) and P.I>. (1744). Some 
time iu 1 724 he quitted Oxfortl to betronu' pri- 
vate chaplain to Archbishop Lancelot Black- 
biimc [q-T.l of York. His friend John Burton 
(Utt)B-h71)[(i.v.]Benthimalnngvaledictory 
epistle in Ijvtin (BrRTox, O/wtcu/a Mucetl, 
1771, pp. 300-12). ThearchbishopstTuredfor 
Hayter much preferment. He held the pre- 
liendal stall of Kiccall in Yorkf'athedral from 
HI Dec.l728tol7ilO,wbon ho was advanced to 
the stall of Strensall. In the same vear ( 1 728) 
he was appointed to the prebend of North 
Mu-sklmm in Southwell minster, became sub- 
doan of York on 26 Nov. 1730, and was in- 
stalled prebendary of Westminster on 12Feb. 
17JW. The last four preferments he retained 
until his ♦elevation to the episcopal bench. 
He was nrchdi-acon of York or West Hiding 
from 26 Nov. 1730 to 1 761. Wheu the arch- 
bishop died in 1743 liayter was one of his 
executors and one of the three naidiuuy 
legatees to the estat«. Scandal oaaerted that 
Hayter was Blackbume'a natural son, and 
OS lime as 1780 Walpole spoke of their physi- 
cal resemblance, but there is no truth in 
th« assertion. Hayter was nominated to 
the see of Norwich on I'A Oct. 1749 and 
consecrated on 3 Dec. On the rearrang(>- 
ment aAer his dentil of the household of 
Frederick, prince of Wales (1751). the post 



Hayter 

of prf'wpti'r to \\t\} yrtiing princes was wm- 
f«rrt*tlun rho Biahop of Norwich/ a sensible, 
wcll-hred inan.'whowus held to beaUaehEHl 
to the rtuld' nf Nf'wcMlln. All authorities 

re in praising bin ennieatnesa in tlie d'lHr- 
fe f»i his ihiiy, Vmt Cow rH|H>rtn thut. hw 
disfTTiHtwl llie young iirliiccs by liia dry an<l 

Iieuanlic tnaiincrH, and otlundt'd the princesa 
»y perf.evt*rin(r in u system of discipline which 
8he did not anprove; while ercn the king 
thought his bi'lmvioiir indison^et. "WaljKilc 
remarks that the bishop rewntt'd the ten- 
dency of the princess to treat her children 
with excessive indulgence to the injury of 
their studies. The hou(«ehold was divitletl 
into two jiaiiieA, of which one wasfiispected 
of liianin^towanlsJacohittsm; theothercon* 
sisted of the bishop and Lord Harcourt, the 
governor, who were bothzealoufiwhijfs. llay- 
ter's distrust of his opponents was mcrca«ed 
wheu bo found tUot one of them lud induce<l 
tho younf; Prince of Wales to read the * R6 vo- 
lutioDS d'Angleterre,' a book writttn to jus- 
tify the meaauret* of James II. <.>pen war en- 
sued, and the bishop and his ally tendered 
their resignations. The court was willing 
for Hnytcr to retire, but dcBin-d ITurt'ourt 
to remain. In the end both resigned. Tlie 
bishop'^ resignation was accepted through 
the archbishop, an audience of the king 
being denied him. Prince George { nfter- 
varas George ITI), however, sufficiently np- 

{ireciatcdllaytcrs tuition to present liimwith 
lis portrait wrought in ivorj-. Some lines 
for llayterV picture in praise of his conduct 
in rettigiiing nre prlntfd in the * Geutietunn's 
Magazine,' 175:?, p. f)77. Ilflvter supported 
the Jnws* NatuniHsntion Bill (175.1), and 
was on that oceounl grossly insultfid when 
making a visitation of bis diocese in the en- 
suing summer. Tlie bishop's general health 
vru not good, and he walked with difficulty. 
In the summer of 1755 a fever swizt/d him, 
and in 17*U he was at ^Inlvern taking the 
waters. By the influenrn <if Lonl Tiilhot he 
was trnnj^hited to the bi<dinpnc of Lontlon on 
GOct. 1701, and was confirmed at Bow (Muirch 
on 24 Oct. Aft bishop of London ho held the 
8ubsi<ltun*j>o8t of dean of the Cluqiel Royal, 
and on 7 ^ov. K'U bf was crpnt<'d ii privy 
enuncitlnr. lie died nf dropsy a few months 
later, on 9 .Tan. 17(J2, and was huri«! on 
16 .Tan. in Fulham churchyard, near the east 
end of the chancel and under an nltiir-lomb 
of stone covered with n white marbh* slab, 
the epitaph on which was written by his first 
cousin. l>r. Thomas f%andfortl, rector of 1 lat he- 
rop, filcucejit*'rshire. l>r. Moss, in a charge 
to the clergy of Colcheetcr archdeaconry, 

g raised his scholarly accomplishments, his 
ti8iuc88 talents, and his hospitality (£on(2on 



Hayter 



jtffliy. August 1764, pp. 42-t-^). irayierle 

his fortune of 25.000/. between his fo\ir su 
viviug sisters and his two brothers, Geor 
a banker resident at llighgote, who dif^l is 
lft04, and .Toshua, a clergyman of the Em 
lish church. This money ultimately pn^ife 
to his niei*e <imce, ilaughtrr of <Teorj;« Ilaj 
ter. ^?lie married .lohn llamefl of C'royd'tB 
and from her is descended 1 he present fiunil* 
of 1 rayter-IIamr 9 of Chagford. 

Tlnyter was the Jiuthnr of two anonymoa 
trocts : 1 . ' Kxominat ion of a Book printed 1 
the Quakers, entitled ''An Account of tli 
Prosecutions of the People called Quakefl 
in the Kxchequer, Ecclesiastical, and ntha 
Courts," in Iwfuce of the C'h'rg^i'of tbeDia 
resjMif York,' 1741. 2. ' An Flssay on the Lif 
b«!rty of the Press, chiefly us it refipe«cts Pee 
M>nal Slander,' n. d. ; second edition 1758 
lie also nublished separately several aermoni. 
preached on state occasions* or for clumtabl 
purposes. One, delivrr'^il before the IIoul 
of Lords on King Chark'&'s day 1750, wg 
reprinted, with two sermons by Dr. Tavla 
ond one by Bishop Lowth, by John Nicba" 
in 1822. it dealt with tht* right? and dutia 
of Boven'igns and Buhjet-ts, and justified tl 
preacher's reputation a* a whig. The buI 
stance of bis charge deliv4?red to tbt* cler 
of his archdeaconry in 17.*12 was published lij 
the same year under the title of 'A SI 
View of some of the General Art« of Gontr 
veri«y made u*e of by the Advocate* for Ii 
fidelity.* Tho epitaph in Bristol Calhedr 
on Dr. Nathaniel torster was written T 
Iljiyter ; it is reprinted iu the 'Vicar* 
Rochdale' (Chetham Sfic. y\. i. p. 17lJ), wit 
the remark of T. 1). Whitaker that it « 
voured ' too much of Pluto and too little i 
Christ.' Two letters hv bun to Dr. Bin-h ( in 
Shcme MS. Xo. 430i), "British Museum) ur 
printed in Nichols's • Literar\' Illustration 
(i. 82:3-4). A plan of instmirtiun drawn " 
the bishop for tho rtiyal prinr*"* and approv( 
by rieorge lion 25 Sept. 1751 is in Ilardinfi _ 
'I'ivcrlim' Cvol. ii. bk. iv. pp. ll-i-15). Th» 
HTnion pn;ache<i bv Philip Itnrton, canon of 
Christ. Church, at Itis consecration in Lair" 
l»f-thC!iapol wag printed in 1750. ond nfuner 
sermon. nddreswyJ to the wmgregation of T 
Clement I>ftnes, I..ondon,on 1 7. Ian. 17t'2, 1 
fh(? Tlvv. Richard Stainsln-, appeared in th^ 
snmf yi'ar. There is in lln'poiaession of IT. A. 
I'ottingt'r, librarian of Worcester College 
Oxford, a volume of .lortin's * Lusus PoeticiJ 

i 1748, in which are inwrtrd four leaves 
Latin versei* fmin .lortin to Hayter wbilo i 

' Norwich. He was a good judge of Latuj 
jMM'try. lift is fre<iuenlly oientiontfd in till 

I 'Newcastle Correspondence ' at the IJritia' 
Muaeiun. llis library was cold in 1762. Time 



J Alu 






nrv pirtraits of him atFulhamnnd Ijimlwlh 
T*Mltto>p-4. A l)rn*s to liifl mptnon' was recently 
j)EuC(>cl in the chancol of Chof^fbrcl CUuruh. 

[Nichols'sLit. Ati«d.uL6I7. viii.227.ix.295. 
3O0-1.5U6-G; W/dpoIft'BGwjrRa II. i. "4, 247-8. 
253, •^6^ ; Wjilpole'g Georjro HI. i. 73-4 ; Wul- 
polo's Letters, ii. 250. 2'J3. 310-17, vii. 472; 
Cdxr'sPvlhimi. ii. 167.235-9. 290.440: Harris's 
Ijfe of I/ini llrtrilwickfl, iii. 494 ; ijiuirterly H*.>- 
riew, 1822, xxrii. 187; Burke's LandeJ Oentrv, 
ed. 1S86, i. 819; Le Ncvc'u Kiwti, ii. M\f>. 47*4, 
iii. ISO. 1S5. 210. 216. 431 ; [Inc'1(Hlon'<i] Dona- 
tiuns of P. UlnndeU, App. p. 62 ; Halkctt aad 
lairig's AnoD. I/lt«niLur«', i. 807, 8*4; Foit*r"s 
Alumni Oxou. : FauUuior'tt Falham, p. lOfl; Ly- 
" KtiviivDs. ii. 390.] W. P. C. 

HAYTER, Sir WILMAM (lOOD- 
ENOUCH (1702-187H>, parliamentary kp- 
cretaryof the ireasury, youiipestsonof .!olin 
Hajter, bvUrace.dauffhterof Stephi^ndofid- 
("noiifi^h of Codford, Wiltshire, waa born at 
Wintcrboiimo Stoke, Wiltshire, on llH Jan. 
1792. and entered at Winchester School in 
\^M. He m&triculatf^dfrom Trinitv College, 
Oxford, on i>4 Oct. 1810, and took" his B.A. 
in lf^l4. (-hi beinjr called to the bar at Lin- 
coln's Inn on '2'i Nov. 1819, he became an 
equity drufYisman anel convpj'anci?r, and at- 
tended tlw W^ilfshire .<iPH:*ion((, but retired 
from practice on Iwung madt> a Q.C. on 2 1 Feb. 
1839 ; he was, however, bencher of hia inn 
in 15 April 1839, and treasurer in 1853, 
On 21 July 1&37 he mta retnmed in the 
lernl interest to the House of Commons as 
one of the mcml>eriifor Wells, and «it for that 
constituenry till H July I860. From 30 Dec. 
1847 to 30 Mnv IHUIhe was judpe-adTncato- 
pvniTal. At the laKerdate he Ijecanielinnn- 
cial 8et'w>t«rvtnthetrRa>iury,nnd in July lM."iO 
was appointed parliamcntury and patronaj^e 
■eerBtai^, a post which be held uniil March 
1863, and again fiDio December I8A2 to March 
185B. HoyT^r wna an odmirnblo 'whip.' 
When lyird Dorbycorao into power in 1852, 
Haytermnmlmlled thedisorderly ranks of the 
liberal jmrty with pn-at Micre.-'s, and in the 
followiiijf E^vrnnieiita of Ixird AI>enleen and 
Lord PalTnerston hia powers developed, and 
hifi reputation aleadilyincreiUMxl. On 1 1 Vfh, 
lH4Hne was putetted ft priTT council lor, .\fter 
hia retirement, on 19 April lSo8, ho was 
created a boronet, and three yeora later, 
27 Feb. 1801, in remembrance of the cour- 
tesy', fttirneas, and efficiency with which he 
ha/l disrhnrpwl his duties for many years 
as liberal * whip,' lie was presented by Lord 
PalmerKtnn anrl .'Itir^ meml)er« of the lloiist^ 
of Common»t with a fter^-ire of plate at a Imn- 
qnet in Willw's Koomfl {lUustmtnl I^mdun 
A'ewt, 9 March 1801, with view of (he tes- 
timonial). As ft practical farmer ho was Tery 




Muecessful ; hi«. farm, Lindsay, near Leigbton, 
Buckinffhanifihire, wui; kept in the hi|?hest. 
state of cultivation, and wa« a model of 
economy and profitable management. Ho 
waa one of the council of the .Agricultural 
Society from ita commencement in 18;W, 
He voted with Mr. VilUi-rj* in 1839 for the 
repeal of the com lawa, and was present at 
all the divisions in favour of free t-rade. He 
was not a fr*>quenl ipeuker, but took part in 
debates on matters within hi« knowledge. 
In Lord Denman's inquiry into the miinnge* 
ment of the wottds and forests he was a 
member of thecommitte*\and wag chairman 
of tJie commit tee on FearffUK O'fyonnor'i* land 
scheme. 1 ►uring 1m7h hn fell into a dejmfstMul 
state of mind, and on 20 Dec. was found 
drowned in a small lake in the rounds of 
hia residence. South Hill Park, Eaathami>- 
stcad, Berkshire. He was buried at £&fit- 
hompstead un 2 Jan. 1879. His wife, whom 
he hnd married on 18 Aug. 1832, was Anne, 
fldii*! daughter of William Pulsfoni of Lin- 
8lade, Huckinghamshire. She died In London 
on 2 June 1889, agied 82. He was succoetled 
hv h'ls only son, the present Sir Arthur 
itayter. 

[TinK*-, 28 Dec. 1878, pp. 7, 8, 30 Dec. p. 6, 
and 3 Jan. 1 879, p. 3 ; IllD8trate<l London Mewa, 
20 July 1850. p. 64. with porLrnit.and 13 April 
1881. p. 339, with portrait; Men of the Time, 
1879, p. 503.] G. 0. B. 

HAYTHORNE, Sib EDMirXD (ISIB- 
1888), general, son of John lUythome of 
Hill House, OIouce«ler, was bom in 1818, 
He was fducateil at the Iloyal Military Col- 
hig'S Sandhurst, and in 1837 received an en- 
signcy in the 9Hih foot, in which he got his 
itimpany in 1844. l.'uder the command of 
Colin Campbell, afterwards lord Clyde fq. v.], 
Uaytbonie went with the 98th to Cliina in 
1841, and was prewnl with it in the expedi- 
tion to ihe northward in 1842, inchidiug the 
openitionrt on the Vang-tse-kiang, the attack 
and capturu of Chitig-KeaHg-foft, and thcopo 
rat ions before Nanking. HewatsCoIinCamtK 
l>eirsbrigmIe-mBJoratChusanfrom Julvl8iS 
until the island was given np to the Chiiiedb 
authorities, and aftenvards his aide-de-catnp 
in the second Sikh war, when he commandtHt 
tho third division of (.rough's army, at the pat- 
sage of the Chenab, the battles of Sadoola- 
pore, Chillianwalla, and tjoojerat, and t!»e 
pursuit of the Afghan contingent to thw 
mouth oftht^KhylierPaafli medal and clasp'i). 
Art a brevet-major he commanded the flank 
companies of the 98th at the forcing of tlio 
Kohot I'a'w.underSirCharleB Napier.in iSoO, 
during which service he commanded a df>- 
tached coliinm which detrtroy^-d two villogtw 

x2 



A 



Haytley 



3o« 



Hayward 



and forts. In 1851 lie wn* tt^in aide-ilt>mrap [ 
to C'olin Catnpbf^ll in tho <i])t^nilionH iiifaiuHt 
tbcMomiinii tribe, on iIih norlh-we^tfroatier , 
(mtnlul). He bccAme in«jor9Btli loot in IftBH, I 
mid lieutenant-colonel in 1><54- In Jimp ' 
1805 lie pxcliftuged to the I^t royals, went 
out U> the Crimea with drafts, and ^ssuIned 
command of the first battalion of the regi- 
ment, with which he wo^ prL<sent at the aiege 
nnd full of Si'btutnpol (medal and clup). 
Afterwards ho was britrnde-major of the big'h- 
Ijind brigade tinder Gcdin CarapbeU at Bala- 
clava. t)ii thp HvacTiution of the Orimf?a 
Uaythome rei urned home, and «iibs»^uently 
pnKveiletl to IIonji:konif, in commaml of the 
i^econd battalion of hi» regiment. la lBfi9 
he wuB nominated chief of the staiT of the 
army forminp there for sen-ice in the north of 
('hina, and had the sole responsibility of the 
organisation of the force until the arrival of 
Sir Jamea llopefJrant [q.v.] in March 18(K>. 
Ilaythorne's serA'icea were several times men- 
tioned in despatches, and xvvrv e^(>eciany re- 
cognised by Lord Herbert, the secretary of 
state for war, when pm))osin^ a vot^^ of tlianlcs 
to the China troops (Pari. DehateM, 3rd ser. 
cUi.;^4i4i-7r)). (lavthome was adjutant-gene- 
ral in Benffitl from 18fJ0 to 1865, when he 
went on bftlt-piiv. His old chief Clyde spoke 
with affection of him on his deathbed : * He- 
member mo to Sutherland — and to Hay- 
thornc. (Jood HnytUume, brave Uaythome, 
as mode.<it as he is brave' (Shadweli., ii.470j. 
Haythomp bt>cnnio a major-Renerol in 1 WH, 
and K.C.B. in 187.1. In 1879 he was rand»? 
a full peneral, and wax appointed colonel Ut 
battalion HnmjMihire retrimnnt (late CTth 
foot). He married, in 1H02, Klizii. fourth 
daughter of the late ,T. Thomas of Bli't»oe 
<la.stle, IWfiirdahire. lie died ot Silchestvr 
House, Beading, on 18 Oct. 1888. 

[Dotl's KniRhloee; ArToyljistfl and Ixindon 
Oaxittt(>a, amlnr dates : h. Shadvell's Life of 
Lonl Clyde. London. 1881.] U. il. C. 

HAYTLEY, EDWARD (d. 1762 n 
]rniiiter, pro^ti-nted in l"4(Uothenew western 
wing of the I'oundling Hospital two views 
bv himself of f^helsea and Bethlehem Hos- 
pitals. With the other artisl* who presented 
workflof thi'irown at the same time, Havtloy 
■was elertiMl n governor of the hospital. From 
their annual meetings arose the first public 
eKhibition of the works of Knglish artists in 
17(fO. to which Haytley sent ' A Boy giving 
a Bunch of firnpes to his Brother' and a 
lady's portrait, ile fent three portraits to 
the e.xlitbition in 1701, but, as h'ti* name doe« 
not occur again, he probably died sljout that 
time. He painted a well-known full-length 
portrait of Mrs. Woffington, which waa en- 



l^rnvtHl in mexztitint by J. I''al>er, junior, i 
17t)l, and the brad separately in airaiL 
style by C. Spooner. 

[Red^rares I>ict, of ArtiRts; Brownlow'a Hi« 
of tUa Foundling Hospitxd ; CfaoloBcr Hnitb^ 
British MeziDtintu Portraits.] 1m C. 

HAYWAKD,ABR.VnAM(180l-18M). 

essayist, was descended from an old Wilt- 
shire family. Ilia grandfather owned a small 
firoperty at Uillcotr, North Newton, llw 
nther, Joseph (d. 24 iHw. 1H44) — writer nf 
'The Science of Horticulture' ('lfel8| and 
'TbeScienceof Agrieulture'tl825) — sold the 
properly ond went lo live at Wilton, near 
Salisbury, where in 17!)1J he married Jktary, 
daughter of Richard Abraham of ^^'llit« 
Locaington in Somerset. There Abra 
t-heir eldest son, -was bom on 22 Nov. L'^Ol 
From about 1807 to February 1811 Havwa 
was ot Bath as privat e pupil to Francis Twi* 
whose wifewasasisterofMrs. Siddons. Fn 
1811 till Janxiary 1817 he was at Blundell' 
school at Tiverton, where he learned to swim 
and to fish, took a moderate place in the 
school, nnd suffered from the severe dlsci- 
pl ine and spare diet. After a couple of ymr* 
s])ent at home under a private tutor, he was 
articled Ju Seplemljcr iHlBtoGeorKe Toion, 
solicitor. ofNorthover, afterwards of Hchi 
in Somerset, a bookish man, in whoseli 
Hayward read widely. ()n the expiration 
his articles he abandoned the profession 
solicitor, and entered himself as student 
the Inner Temple in October 1824. lie 
then almost without friends iu London. 
a law student he joined the London Dobati 
Si>piety, where he came into conuct wil 
many young men who afterwards attain' 
distinction. * In the session following, 182i 
1827,' J. S.Will writes of the society, 'thing*' 
began to mend. We hiwl acquired two ex- 
cellent tory speakers, Hayward and Shee^ 
( Autohitii/raphy, J 873, p. 128). In June 183fl 
the first number of the*l*aw MagoJtine, d^l 
f^uarterly Review of Jurisprudence ' amxAred 
under the joint editorship of W. F. (^mifth 
and Hayward, tlif^tter of whom bocome sokfl 
editor aft or the fourth number, retaining tul 
position until June 1844. Under his guid- 
ance the magaxine attained much reputation, 
and in the course of his editorial duties Haj 
ward gained the acquaintance of many foreig 
jurists. He paid his first visit to tiermany 
in the autumn of IS^ll, and was handsomely 
receirod nt fiuttingen, at that time a groat 
centre of legul Rludies. On his return from 
his continental tour he printed privntelv ^_ 
tninslalion of (toethc's ' Faust ' into Fnglifllfl 
prose, nnd pitbli«hed the book through E^H 
ward Moxon In February 1833. By this time 



any" 



A 




Hay ward 



h*> kfld Uten called to tliM Imr, anJ cims*} t\u- 
wf>ti»m circuit. Ix)rd Lynilhurst ackuuw- 
!.-.!^'iil hixohli^linn to an article by Hav- 
wanl (aee Lnw Magazine, ix. 39:*— il3l In 
fiuccesafiilly opposing Brougham's local c-ourt0 
bill in the'lloiise of LoreU in 1KI3 (Sik T. 
Makti.n, Life of Ltftidhurst, 18*4, p. 313). 
In the autumn of the entnr year he revi»ited 
Oennany, and obtQlnfJ suf^etttious for a w- 
cimd and enlarged edition uf * Faust,' pub- 
linhwl in January 1H34. The boolc was re- 
viewed in Germany by F. C. Horn, and waa 
the (»ubjwt of a pamphlet by D. Boileau 
(I)^i4). IlaUHni. .Suuthey, Rogers, Allan 
Cunningham, and txiuny others wrote tocon- 
pnitulalt' the author, and the work has re- 
tained its reputation as a straightforward 
rendering in pro<e of the original. Carl^-Je 
considert-d it the best Knglish vi'ndon. 

The succws of ' l'"nu8t pive Hay war<! an 
assured position in society, and liu became a 
frequent contributor tu the leading rt^viewa. 
In Augupt ls;.U he made a journey across 
the Alps into It«ly, de^crib^l in a long and 
interesting letter addrefUMsi to ono of hia 
flisters (privately printed at the time, and 
reproductnl in • Correapondence,' i. iJi-.W). 
The letter ends with the eharact eristic re- 
mark, *I had my usual luck in getting ac- 
quainted with interesting people on my way 
back.' On 17 Feb. 1835 he was specially 
elected by the committee a member of th» 
Athensum. An article in the "Quarterly 
Review* on Walker's ' Original* (I'Vbruary 
16S6) attracted attention; with another on 
gsMnmomy and gantronomera tho two were 
afterwanl-npiiblished undex the title of 'The 
Art ofDining.' The^o essays made Hay ward's 
ri'putalion as an authority on the aubjcct, 
ulthough he remarked of the first article, ' I 
fTot it upiust as I would get up a speech from 
n brief'(i£. i. 64). Hisdinners in hij;cham- 
bers in the Temple were famous for duiice- 
nea* of fare and di«tinrli<»n of t-oni|>any. 
Lockhart, Macaulay, Sydney Smith, Ixinl 
l^nsdowne, Henry ilulwer, (ieorge Smythe, 
,yndhun*t, Hnoke, Mrs. Norton, were con- 

int guestf'. 

Between 1838 and 1840 Ilayward saw 
much of Princ« Louis Bonnparti>, and gave 
him litt'fary assistance. In 1841 be began to 
contribute to the * Edinburgh Ueview ' un<Jer 
Macvey Napier. A visit to I'aris brought 
him tlie acquaintance of Thter!*, afterwanls 
a frequent correspondent. Although llay- 
vrard lukd only a moderate profeasional pme- 
tice, he was made <J.r. by Lyndburst early 
in I8J5, but was not elected a bt-ncher of 
his inn owing to the oppositiou vote of Koe- 
buck. llayword bitterly rewntetl thf exclu- 
sion, and attac3ted the benchers with bin usual 



P*^ 



entrgy. He brought the question before thu 
ju<iges, and wrote several pamphlets (lei4<>- 
1^8), which produced others by Neate and 
T. Falconer. In 1847 he circulated a few 
copies of cxtreicely commonplace ' Verses of 
ot her l>ay8.' 

Hnvwsrd began life ae a tory, but on the 
split HI the party in 18-16 developed into a 
Pettlite and free trader. He first gavo ex- 
pression To his ditilike of Disraeli in an article 
in thu ' Kilinburgh Kevtew ' in April ld&3. 
Thinking his political services to the party 
gave him soma claim, he applied for a com- 
I missinnerahip under the new CharitableTrusts 
I Act, stating to Sir G. C. l^wirt that he had 
loat a considerable part of his smiUl iu?nme 
: on the death of his brother {ib. i. 180). He 
did not obtain the olfici-, but he was nomi- 
nated in IrtiM by Lord Aberdeen to the post 
of secretary to the poor law board ; the a^H 
pointmeiit fell through, iHtwcver, owing to 
the refusal of Lord Courtenay, who already 
held the office, to exchange it for a commis- 
sionership of woodi« ami fure^ta. He sap- 
ported the government in the * Morning 
Chronicle' againat the 'Times' charges of 
neglect in the Crimea, and wrote an article 
on De Bazancourt's ' Expedition de Crimie/ 
which was translated into French, and was 
circulated <>n the continent at the Rp4'(;inl 
request of Ixird rulmerston, to counteract 
the bad impression raised by De Baz&ncourt's 
Kemi-oflieial publication. 

Haywunl wrote con.Hlantlv in the quarter^ 
lies, *Fnifter,' and ot her iieriodicals; oneofhiit 
best essays being * iVarm and Mock reorls of 
History,' in lh« 'l^uorterly R»'view 'of April 
1861. He endtmvoured in a series of tren- 
chant orticles in'Frii.>ier'" Magacine' to avert 
the split in Lord ItiL-M^irR gov^nmieiit on the 
reform question in I8tit(, and at the com- 
mencement of 18(18 was engaged on his 
'More about Junius,' a subject which, like 
whixl, ilining, and political memoirs, bn con- 
sidered p»*culiiirly his own. The clainu* of 
Frunri.s were Hioutiv dt'nied,and ho told S^ir 
W. Hiirllug Maxwell ' tbut live out of six of 
the best intellects of my luviuaintanre think 
the Franciscan theory rudelv shaken if not 
demolished 'O'^ii- 170). In'l8ti0 hebecamti 
a regular contributor to tho * Quarterly Re- 
view/ after a long rvliremt-nt, and down to 
Mcloberl883 wrote an article ineaehnumbftr, 
'The Second Aruiadu, a chapter in future 
History,* ougp^sted hv the • Battle of Dop- 
king.'was written for the 'Timfs' in 1871. In 
the some journal, 10 May 1873, appeared a 
biographical sketch by him of J. 8. Mill, in- 
cluding sonifjuisftages which gavedeepofl'ence 
to Mill's friends. The Uev. Stopford Brooke 
protesteil ogainhl the statements in a sermon, 



Hayward 



310 



Haj'ward 



<r. J. ilo1yonk(> ijiKitfil n jiamiiUlrt, *.T. S. 
y\i\\ ufi rtomt' of thi? wnrking clashes kuow 
bim.* Hnil \V. V. Christie published 'J. S. 
Mill mid Mr. AbnthAiu linvw&rd,' containing 
iin arrimonious convspondcDce. 

On bis return irmn a visit to Paris in tlie 
ftiitumnoflSNi.TlaywiirdfinisbfdhisOctnbi'r 
'Quarterly' article un .Mnr^lial BiiffL>aiid,tIie 
last to which he put hiH pen. lledied in hid 
rooms in St. JnmcdV Stn,'ft, 2 Feb. 1884, ui 
bifi I'i^bty-tbird Tear. 

Jlaywnnl wn.t entirely a Fi'lf-niade man. 
DiMippuiniod in bnpen of legal siicceM and 
of eiuplciyniont in tlie public liervicc, be de- 
voted bis later life to letters and society. 
He madf many euemies and many sincere 
friends. With a busty temper and n shrewdly 
bitin^^ tongue, be vran gentTowti a1 benrt. 
He was ncit a |>n*^at: or even a pv*H\ tallier, 
but be was unHUrpa-^fted aa « teller nf anec- 
dotes, ilis readini?, OHpeciallr in the depart- 
ments of history and memoirs, WA» extensive, 
and hi» 'Quarterly' c«say«, which &eeni to 
be ivritlen with a flowing' pen, were put to- 
gether with elaborate care and prejMtaCion, 
and witb incessant strivinf? after accuracy in 
details. Ilewns fond of wirt>pulliDjr,bul it 
is doubtful whet lieir tin- jjulltieal leadyrs who 
ciirn*.sjK)ncle(l with hini took bii* pretensinni 
qiiit« i»(.Ti()ii8ly. Hi.* phy.'sitsil nj*pecl at the 
ng»! of w;venty-two, allowing for a touch of 
caricature, is shown in a cartoon by Pelle- 
grini {Varutu Sair, 27 Nov. 1875). For 
many voar» bi; was a con^icuous figure at 
the Al)ietia-um Club, 

Bei>idea ntimeruug contributions to perio- 
dical literature be wrote : I. *0f the Voca- 
tion of iiur age for I*egi(t]«tion and Jurispru- 
dtmciT, traiitdaled from the (Jerman nf I'. 0. 
von Savignv,' I.^ndon, XHiil, H\o (not for 
sale). 1*. •I'he Statutes fouuded on I hf! Com- 
mon Law lb-ports, with lutnidttclury Obser- 
vations nnd S'otes/ London, lSii2, »m. 8vo. 
.M. 'Faust, a Dramotic Poc-m, bv Goethe, 
tmnwlutwl intn Knglish PmHe, witfi Kemarks 
on former T^an^lationH and Notei^,' London, 
IHi'iiJ, Hvo (fftr private distribution); iilwi 
pnbliahedin lK.3.'i; 'second edition, to which 
Id appended an ahfltract of the continuation, 
witli an account of the atory of Faust, and 
the various productions in literature and art 
founded on it/ London, 1M34, 8vo ; various 
editions down to 1889. 4. ' Some Account 
of a Journey across the Alps, in a Letter to 
a Friend,' London, 1854, 12mo (for private 
circulation), h. 'Summary of Objections to 
the Doctrine tluil a Marriage with the Sister 
of a Deceased AN'ife is cnnlniry to Ijiw, 1{»^ 
ligion,or Morality,* London, Ihftl), 8vo (pri- 
■I'tttcly printed, afterwards i**ued itilbe'Law 
Mngazinc '). U. * Remarks on tho Law re- 



garding Marriage with the Sister of a 
ceased Wife,' London, \SA'j. 8vo. 7. ' Vi 
of other Days,* London. 1^7, sm. 
(printed for friends: anonymous; a^inwilj 
additions in 1878). 8.* ' The Rallot * 
Bi-ncherft : by a Templar/ l^indon, 1 848, Af 
(anouymou'«, privately printed). 0. • On I 
Origin and lliMlory of the Jienchen of tt 
Innt* of Court,' l^ondon, lH48, Kvo. 10. ' H 
port of the Proceedings before the Judgesi 1 
Visitors of the Inns of Court on the Af 
ofA.IIayward,'London,l84S,8vo. II. 'T 
Art of Dining; or (Gastronomy and (iastr 
nomers/ London, 18&2, sm. S*vo (based 1 
anicles in 'Quarterly Keview * for Ju 
18.16 and February IHUG, witb addilionsj 
12. ' Lord Chesterfield : bis t'baracter, Lifi 
and Opinions; and C^eorge Selwyn, hi» Li] 
and Times,' London, 1 8fi4. sm. Svo ( reprinte 
with a few corrections from * Kdinbiirgh It 
view,* No. ItJI. 18-W,aml No. ItW, 1^15: 
]x)ngman's * Traveller's Library '). Vi. ' '. 
Secret iirynhip of the Poor Law Board : Fac 
and Proofs against Culumaies and Conje 
tui«8/ London, 1864, 8vo. 14. 'Juridic 
Tracts, pt. i., containing Historical Skeic 
oftb" I-Jiw of lU?nl Properly in Knglandlj 
Principh* and Pnietice of Pleading: llifl 
torical Skelch r>f Keform in the Irimin 
l*sw/ London, l8r>ti, 8vo (all published; 
second part was advertised, and a third purl 
was announced to consist of n new edition < 
the tmnslutioa of SavignyV truct, see No. 1) 
15, 'Specimens of an Authorised Trouslj 
tion from the French/ Loudun, ISoO, 8^ 
(privately printed ; criticism on an incor 
version of IV Montalembert's * De I'AventJ 
Politique del'Augleterre'). Pi. *Exp^'ditifl 
deCrim^e: quebpies ^'clairei^^sementA nelatiQ 
i\ Tarmt'o Anglaise/ Bruxelles, lKi7, 8v 
(transluled from the ' North Brilia-h Review;] 
it alsoupiK'Art'iUn Oerman). 17. 'Biograph^ 
cal and Critical Essoy}), reprinted from lie 
views, with .Vddition.-iond Corrections,' Loa 
don, 1858, 2 vols. 8vo ; a new sorics, 1873 
2 vols. Svo ; '.\vi\ series, 1874, Bvo (tlie 
with much udditiunal matter: Tive voIud 
in oil, lbe*Sketc1i«8'(se« No. :^)are supple 
mentary). IK ' Aiitobiogrophv, Letler«,aD 
Literarj' Remains of Mrs. Pinzr-i (Tbnde^ 
edited with Notes und on Iniroductorr Ac 
count of her Life and Writing*,' I^ndo 
1861, 2 vols. cr. 8vo (two editions, the Kecon 
greatly improved). 19. 'Mr. Kinglake an 
the Quarterlys, by an Old Reviewer/ Lob 
don iHliit, Hvo (jmonymoiis; aUoi5sue<J 'no 
for sale*). 21]. * Oiurii'sof a Ijidy of (jualiC 
[Sliss F. W. Wynn] fnim 17!>7 to If 
edited with Notea/ J^mdon, 18(W, cr. 8t 
(two editions). '2\. 'More about Jumv 
the Franclscon Theory I'nfiound ; reprinte 



Hayward 



3" 



Ha)'Avard 



?i 






from " Fnwpr's Magiizliie," with Addition^,' 
Uomlnn. lH(>rt, 8vo. li".'. 'The Second Ar- 
znada: » ClMi|iter of Future Histor)',' Lon- 
don, 1H7J. »m. Hvo. 23. 'John Stuart Mill, 
n^printed fnim the "Times " of 10 May 1S7.V 
Hvn (privately printed; llflywnrd also circu- 
lated II letter to the Uev. Stopford BrtK>ke 
on the (tuhject). 24. *The Haiithvritini; of 
Jitiiius,' n'product'd from tlm * Tiinc-*' m a 
latiiphlet i)y 11. A. AV, * The Evi<lence of 
landwriiinK,' Cauihritlge 'V. S.], 1874, 8vo. 
tI5. Hiofthn,' hondon, I87t^, sm. 8vo (in Mrs. 
< Wiphant's * Forci)^ Classics for English 
Itoadcra'). 2U. 'Stdectcd Esway*,' l*»>ndon, 
1H78, '2 vols. Am. Hvo (chosen from the three 
seriea No. 17). 27. 'Sketches of Eminent 
Statesmen and Writers, with othor Kswiys 
reprinted from the *'(^uorterly K»«view," wii h 
Audiliuns and C'orrnciions,' London, 18HJ, 
t? vols. 8vo (.Mupplementary lo Xo. 17j. 
^H. * A Selection from theCorre.HjMmdence of 
Abraham Ilaywanl, (^.C, from 1KJ4 to 1884, 
witli a[i Account of his Early Life, edited by 
~". E. Carlisle,' London, l8(*tJ, 'J vola. 8vo. 

[Thr |jMt authority for the eitrly lifo of Hay- 
ird in thi» SKlectitinn fnun his ('cinrwpondcnce. 
tdiiM by Mr. 11. K. CrtHieli-. 188G, 2 toIs. Hto; 
Mfv aUo Eintne iuIcrvstirLg papi-rs \u tUv Fort- 
xiiRlitly I{*i\'iew, Oiareh and April 1884; thH 
Timii*. 4 iind 7 Kuh. 1884; Atbecvum, 9 Feb. 
1884 ; Adi-lotny. 9 Fob. 188* ; Satuni-iy Review, 
fl Fob. 1884 ; some good storirji ahoiit Ihiywanl 
are told ill K. Yat4!8'8 K«a>llcctlons, 133-1. ii. 133, 
lfi7-6l.uti(] in O. W. .Smalli'}-'* L*Jinbiii Lt^llt'rs, 
1390. i. 315-2.3, ii. 83, 64, tOl. llitt journaliBtie 
career iidescrilieil in H. K. Fox Bourne's Kii^lisli 
KevspaperA,Tol. ii.piuKin). Seeal.ioK.H.Deriiig'A 
MeinoirsofC»©orgiuii,L"wIyC'biiltert«n,1878,pp. 
«'2-4; Ixtlcrnof tbcRiglit Hon. SirO. C. I.«»i.s 
1870. 8to; p. W. CUyUens Early Life of S. 
Kogt'n. 1887. and K<jgL'n*iiitd hiaCouteiuporuries, 
1889, 2 vols. ; Selwtloin from tht' Correspond cDce 
of tho lato M. Xapicr. 1887. 8vo.] 11. K. T. 

HAYWARD, Sii; JOHN (1WWMC27), 
lii-^lnriaii, wiui Uini about l~it!4 aL or near 
Felixstowe, Sulliplk, wherr he was educated. 
A portrait ejifjnived by \\. Hole, and pul>- 
liahed with Haywards •Sanctuarie' in 1610, 
bears above it the figures ' 52,' apparently a 
reference to his aiif. He graduated RA. 
ir)da-I and M.A. L>H4 from P.-mhroke CoU 
leire, Cambridge, nnd afterward* jtroceeded 
LL.L>. Karly in LV*!^ he published nn eIal>o- 
rare account'of the first year of Henrj* IVs 
rtMi^i. includinf? a description of the depo- 
iiilion of Kicharrl II. It is entered an 
the * StalioniTK' K''(;istpri«' (ed. Arlier, iii. 
I^il), OJan. ini)8-0, and Vits dedicated (in 
1>atiu), in terms of t-xtrava^nt laudation, 
to E<i6ex, iuftt befon! Ins appointment as lonl 
deputy OJ Ireland. It was afterwards said 



that themanuuript had been in Ejtsex's hand 
a fortnight Iwfore publication. The story of 
Kichord irade[>08itionlangexercisiKl a myit- 
terioufi fascination over Lssex, and Essex's 
enemie.« at e^urt easily excited the snspicion 
ill the ijueen'tt mind that Hayward, under 
thu puisH of an liiKtorical treuti?«e, was criti- 
cising her own iJoHcy and hinting at what. 
might possibly befall her in tht future. The 
KU^picion was hardly justified. nu}'ward 
dot'8 not vindicate Henry I\', but fairly lays 
before his readers tho arguments for and 
nguinst bis accestiion ; and when dedicating 
to James I at a later date a ttvatine on the 
royal succession, be asserted thai in his earlier 
work he had argued against the right of the 
people to depoM] their sovereign. It is cer- 
tainly difficult now to detect any veiled 
reference to Eliiabethun politic.'! in the 
volume. Chamberlain, writing of its pub- 
lication (1 Martrh 1598-S)), describes it aa 
' reoaonably well-written,' and the author as 
'a young man of Cambridge toward the civil 
law;'biit he adds: 'Here [i.e. in London] 
hath been much descanting about it, why 
Much a wtory should come at this lime, and 
many exceptions taken, cj^H-cinlly to the 
Epistle [to R«*ex].' Finally, Chambt^<rlain 
says, directions were given for tin* removal of 
the dedication, in which he admits he failed 
to find anything objectionable VCuambch- 
LAlN.i>^fc^it, Carad. Soc, pp. 47-8). Uocoq 
declared that K.-tsex wrote a formal letter to 
the An■hbi^hop of Canterbury, desiring hira 
to call in (he htrnk after it had b«H*n pub- 
lished a week. The queen, however, waa 
not easily satisfied, and suggested to Bacon 
that there might be * place** In it. that might 
be drawn within cftj-e of treason.' Bacon 
onsweriHl that Ha^-wnrd bad borrowed so 
many pa.«ages from Tacitus that, there might 
be ground for proseculing him for felony, nut 
he could find no 1 reasonable Innguage (BaCox, 
ApO}ththe37nt, 58). Nevertheless Hayward 
was hn>ught Ix'forio the Star-chamber and 
irapri.«oijed. The queen, obstinately adhering 
to her first impreiasion,even argued that Hay- 
ward was pretending to be (he author in order 
to shield ' iome more mischievous* person, 
oud tiuir ho should be racked so that he 
might disclose tho truth. Bacon deprecated 
thi» procedure, but be appeared as counsel 
for the crown against Essex at York Iluuae 
(5 June 1000), and, to curry faroiir with the 
queen, urged that the ear) had aggravated bis 
otTences by accepting I lavward's dedication. 
Keference was made to l-lssex's connection 
with the volume in the nlficial * directions* 
expounding E.4sex*s Crimea issuetl bv the gi> 
venimeut to preachers during his imprison- 
ment. 




Hayward 



3" 



H&yward does not wipm to baT* been m- 
from pri»nn till afttr KssHTt'd i?xt?cii- 
' tion (25 Feb. ItHK»-l ). < )n Janif» IV wxwh- 
flion ho eought roynl fiivour hy \mh][ah'mf( 
tiraliircM jlIKtifyiIl^ Janiee's miccfisjuon nnd 
the olivine ri^lit of kings, and arguing for the 
union of England and Scotland, Pnnce 
Ileory patronised him, and he cumplcted. at 
the prince's oogvwtion. a work on thy lives 
of WilHam I, William II, and Henry I. 
Meanwhile be secured a larpe pmctice in the 
court of arches, and in. lOU), wlmn .lames 1 
founded Chelsea Collef^e, Hayward wan aj>- 

Soiuiod one of thn two historiographers, Cam- 
en being the other. On Q Aug. 1^16 he waa 
admitted a member of ibe College of Advo- 
cates, and on It Nov. 1010 waa knighted. In 
1617 he had applied unwicceMfulIy to be in- 
Icorporeted LIj.D. at Oxford, and in thetianie 
' year wus 8iiggt!8ted o« a meiuVr of the prtj- 
jected academy of litemtiire. He publiaiied 
maiiv piutJH mnnuiili*, hut his lei.otiro was 
chiefly spent in historiciil work. He dif^l at 
hia house in Cireat ftt. Bart hoi omew'o, near 
Smithfield, London. on27June 1027, and waa 
buried in the chiiTch of Great St. Barlholo- 
luewV on 28 June, lie marrietl Jnne, daughter 
of Andrew Pat^call of Springlield. K(*w.'3(, by 
vhom he had an only child, M«ry. 8lu' married 
Sir Nieholiuj Rowe of Ilighgale, ttnd died 
in her father'^ lifetime. In his wUl (dated 
flO Mun-h lfl2<i) ho leaves to his wife, who 
lived till It>4^,bef<ideH three beds, an interest 
in his lands at Kelixstowe and Tottenham, 
which {h*' fluids) • in regard to the small por- 
tion she lirniiirht me, and nrgard of her unquiet 
life and timall respect towards nie, [is] a great 
deal too much.' The bulk of his prnporty is 
left 10 his granddaughter, Marv" K»we, and 
it includeH houses and lands in Kent ish Town, 
-which he had obtmned from the printer, John 
Itill. He specially wanm his executor, Kd- 
ward Hanchet , against allowing bis body to be 
'niftn^'ledafferdoath for experience to others.' 
Hiiyward wrote : I . ' The First Part of the 
Life and llaignc of Ilenrie the IIII, extend- 
ing to the end of the iirmt yeare of his raigne. 
Written by I. H.,' Loudon [by lohn Wolfe], 
4to. The dedication to Essex is followed hy 
an address of ' A. P. to the Header.* A large- 

Saper copy, believed to bo nnicjiie, is in the 
renville Library at the Hritish Museum. 
Iteprinted with Sir Robert Cotton's 'Short 
View of the Keigne of Henry fll' in I64'J, 
8vo. 2. • An Answer to the First Part of a 
Certaine Ct)nference coneoming Sufceesion, 
published not long since under the name of 
Dolman,* London (f<»r Himon Walerson 
nd Cuthbert Burble), 1603, 4to; dedicated 
> James I. This h a reply to Parsone's 
'Conference about the Next Succesaion to 



Hayward 

the Crowne of Ingland,* London, IW*!, tiro, 
and argues in favour of the divine ri|rht 
nf kings. As * 'Jlie lUght of Suo^essioa 
asserted ' it was reprinted ' for the satis£bC'> 
lion of the 2ealon.s promoters of the Bill 
of Exclusion ' in 168A bv the friends of the 
Duke of Vork. 3, ' A I'rcatlse of Vnjon of 
the two Healmes of England and Scoilaiiii. 
By I. H.,* London (hv E. K. for C\uthbertl 
BTurbie3,16(M,4to. 4. * The Lives of the HI 
Normuns, Kings of England. William the 
firsts William the second, Henrifl tlie first. 
Writn-n hy I. H.,* London {bv R. B.). 1613, 
4lo. I)<>dicated to Charles, prince ofWales; 
a readable comuilalion, but without onv re- 
ferences to autnorities; reprinted in 'liar- 
leinn Miscellany.' 5. *Thc Sanctuarie of a 
Troubled Soulc,* I^ondon ( hy George Pur*low>, 
ItilO, 12m(i: aixiUection of proytrs and pious 
meditations. The title-jmge, by W. Hole, ia 
finely engraved. It is dedicated to Arch- 
bishop Abbot, and a second part contains a 
nowtitle-pnge. Otberedit ions aredatetl 161 1», 
U;iK), l(Jl>:i, 1(>3I. 16:VJ. 1649, and 1^50. In 
B ]trefacetolhe 1620 edition llay ward writes 
that after twenty years' growth the book has 
reached its full stature. It would therefore 
have been begun in UKK), but no ropy of th* 
first part is known earlier than IHIo. Therw 
In, howffver, in the British Museum 'Th» 
Second Part of the Sanctuary of a Troubled 
Soul. Newlyenlarpfed,hvIo. I lavTvard,' Lon- 
don (by I. W. for Cuth'bert Burbie). 1007, 
12mo (cf. A'ofM and Qufri^tt, Bth ser. rii. 
2titt, 4;i2). 6. • David's Teares,* London (br 
John Bill), 1621, 1622, 1623: a long pom'- 
mentory on Psalms vi. xxxti. and cuex., with 
engraved title-i)affe. 7. ' Christ's Prayer npoa 
the Crosse for hia Knemie.*,' London {bv.Iohn 
Bill), 162a. Svo; 'Newly reviewed and en- m 
Urged,* 1624. Dedicated to Anne, wife of fl 
Sir Julius Ca'sar. 8. ' Of Supremade in. 
affaires of Religion/ London (by John Bill), 
1624 and 1625, 4to ; an argument in favour of 
the roynl supremacy, suggested by a convert 
nation in which Hayward took part In lOOT 
at a dinner at the house of Tobias Matthew^ 
then bishop of Durham. An edition of IdCXJ*^^ 
with fht» litle ' Hejwrtof a Discount concern- 
ing Supreme Pow«r in Affaires of Religion,' 19 
mentioned by Ijownde-^i, but no sucli edition 
seems now accessible. 9. (Posthumously pub- 
tithed) * The Life and Raigne of King Ed- 
ward the Sixt.'TiOndon (for John Partridge >f 
1 630, 4to, with title-page engraved by Robert 
Vaughan. Maniiwripta of Hayward's hitv- 
gniphy of Edwanl VI are in llaVl. MS. 6021, 
art. i., and among Gale'* MSS.iu Trinity Col- 
lege, Cambridge, and it is reprinted in Ken- 
nett's 'Complete History.* A l^mo edition 
appeared in 1636, with an appendix, some- 



lime« met with as n separate volume, en- 
titled (10) • The Beginning: of the JSdgn nf 
(jueen Elirnlieth,* This is a fmirment of a 
lar^r work fotiiui lit Knrl.MS. (X)i?l, art. iii., 
vhich pives annalH of KUznt(ft!i'» n»igii ns 
far as the close of loB2. Tlio whole was 
printed for the first tiro*' bv the Ciunden 
Society in 1840, niid wa» etliled by John 
Bruce. Ha^-wnrd also editvd with a preface 
Sir Uo(?er WilliuniR's ' ActJous of the Lowe 
Countries,' Ijondon, 1018, 4to. 

PortmitK of Iliiywnrd, engraved by TV. 
llitie, Paynt', and T. Cecill, aiTpfar respt-c- 
tivelyin the 1 01 (i, 1023. and 1032 cditioiis 
of hifl 'Sanctuarie.' An eriifravinf^ by Wil- 
liam Pass is on the hack <if the lael page of 
the preface of Edward VI.' 

[Bruce'a Introduction (where Hay wanlV will 
is printed)!" his edition of Haywrtrds Annfili of 
Queon EHiaLcth (Cumd. Soc.). 1810; Cnrnden's 
Annals, ffiib aim. ISOl : Bin'on'sLifo and Works, 
ei). .Spodili np, vi i. 1 S3 ; i^ward^'s Life «nd Letters 
of Rnlrgh, i. 294. ii. 104 oq.; Wooii's yntiti Oxon. 
<«d. Bliiis i. 363; Rajward's Works in British 
Moseuco.] S. L. L. 

HAYWARD, THOMAS (a. ITTi)?), 
editor of the' British Muw,' wasnuattomey- 
at-law of llunpcrford, Bt-rkshirc. In 1738 
hfi published, in three ll'mo volumes, 'The 
British Muse, or u Collection of Thouphts, 
Moral, Natural, and Sublimr, of our English 
Poeta who flourished in th<4 Sixteenth nnd 
Seventeenth Centuries.' Uia friend Oldys 
was much interested in the work, antl wrote 
the preface and the dedication to Lady Marj' 
Wortley Moutafrii, Oldys coinplaint'<l, how- 
ever, that the publisher employiKl Dr. John 
Campbell tccut out one-third of his preface U- 
forcflendingittoprt-as. llayward'sunthology, 
described by Wartou as the bent he knew,con- 
HBtn of extracts of varj'ing lengths, arranged 
alphabetically according to their subject. To 
each extract the author's name io appended, 
and a lut of ' the author's poems and plavs 
cited' is prefixed to vol. ii. A few of the 
■works quoted by Ilayward are now lost, and 
only 8iir\'ive in his quntations. A new edi- 
tion, entitled 'The CJuintessence of English 
Poetry.' ap|>eared in 1740, 3 vols. Hny- 
^ward also compiled, in (hirty-foiir manuscript 
quartovolumes.withi^-ven volumes of index. a 
collect ion of epitapliH from printed books and 
Ills own notes. Thirly-twoof these volumes 
(vols, xxvtii. and xxix. are mi wing) and six 
Tolumesnf ihe index (vol. i. is mi¥sinp)were 
presented to the British Museum in 184:^, and 
are numbered Addit. MSS. 13910-5.H. Hoy- 
ward was elected KS.A. 24 June 1750, but 
diMppeam from the list of fellows, probably 
through death, in 1779. 
Two contemporaries belonging to the 




Lilouceetersfaire family of Hnywurd bore tbo 
same christian nnmc. Thouas 11iiwaui> 
(1T02-1781), a barrister of Lincoln's Inn.wus 
M.P. for Ludgershall.Willehire, 1741-7 and 
1 7''>4-01 ; and died ut Q.uedgeley, Gloucester- 
shire, !4 .March 17Hl {VoejEH,Alumui0.rfm.^ 
iient.Mag. K'*!. p. 14*). SikThumab Hav- 
WAllD ( 1 743-1 71K* ), clerk of the cheque to tin* 
cordis of gentlemen junj^ioners, wai^ Knighted 
on retiring from thiil nllicein Miiv 17'.*9; suc- 
ceeded to the estat*' nf f'arswelf, Berkshire, 
on the death of his maliTnnl uncle, Henry 
Southbv.in 171>7. and died there 7 Oct. 17ffl> 
{Gcnt.'Mag. 179l>, ii. W)8). 

[Oldys'i Uiary, cd. Y'-<.welI ; Phillipps's Thra- 
tnim Poetictmi, ed. Br^-dgts, 1800; Cat. of 
Fellowji of Soe. of Anttquivries : C«t, of Addit. 
MSS. in Brit. Mas. ; Warton'a Bikt. of Gosliali 
Poetry.) 8. L.L. 

HAYWOOD, Mii«. ELIZA (1093?- 
1756),authon'8s,daughrer ufaLondonlradeft- 
nmn named Kowler. is said to Imve contracted 
at uu early age a marriage, which proved un- 
happy, with a man iiameJ Haywood. Lite- 
rary enemies represented ihrtt herclmmcter 
wfts bod, and thai shi* hud two illegiiimatf* 
children, oni' by a pei-r, and the other by tt 
IxHjkwIler (CfKLL, hty to the Dtiricittd,p. ] 2). 
Her friends aeserteil, on the other hand, that 
her husband, llaywnod, was the father of 
her two children, and that, when be aban- 
doned her and them, she wos driven to the 
stage, and idtimately to literature, in order 
to support them. She seems to admit 'little 
inadvertencies' in her own life (cf. hhnnie 
Ihmciad, p. 18), but her novels hardly sug- 
gest that their author was personally im- 
moral. She owed her evil reputation to tbe 
freedom with which sibe followed the ejc- 
ampleof Mrs. Mauley in introducing into her 
Tomancea scandals about the leaders of con- 
temporary society, whose namc« she very 
thinly veiled. 

Mrs. Haywo*Kl first appeared in public a^i 
an actress ut Dublin in Liu ur earlier, but- 
soon came to l^ondou. Steele, to whom she 
dedicate a collection of her novels in ITtio, 
dewribed, in the *Tat!. r' for 23 April 1709, 
a visit which he paid to ' Sappho, a fine lady 
who writes, sings, damn's, aiul can sav and 
do whatever she pleases without the impu- 
tation of anytliing that can injure her cha- 
racter.' Again, in the ' Tatler' for 12 July 
1709, Steele refers tn his intimacy with 
Sappho, and writes more n'^pectfully of he». 
The (editors of the 'Tatler* identify Steele's 
Sappho with Mm. Hnywood, but lliedateA 
scarcelv admit of the idt-ntilieation (cf. Tailrr^ 
ed. Nirhols. 1780. i. M, ii. m, if: ed. ChaU 
mers. IgOH, i. f>4, 4l*7). (In settling in lyin- 
don Mrs. Haywood wasemployed in 1721 by 



3^4 



lajnvooc 



till- thtfairical mnnagur Rich to rewrite a 
iuiinu.«cri|>t Ir&f.'etiy. lu bUuk verse, outittcd 
* Tlie I'air Oaptivc' by a Ouptain Hurst. 
Iler Towitin wu* afttnl without succusa at 
IJncrtln's Inn Kii-lds Theatre on 4 March 
1721, with Quiu iu the cbiof part (Mus- 
tupha), and it was piibliabbd in the s&int* 
year with a cloclicntion to Lord Gage (cf. 
VtKSiMT, iii. 5U-ti<)). Two yoiinj biter sbo 
-WTote n comedy, * A Wife tn be Ia'II.' This 
■was ucl-eil at Drury Lanr*, I:; Au(;. lT:f3, and 
ia ilK'al).*once(it woit «1atHil j. through iudLt- 
]ioitition, of the actre«is to whom the heroine's 
jiiirt (Mrsi. lirospall) wiun assigned, Mra. Hny- 
■wtx)d hei-self undcrlook that r»*ile, und iil*t> 
Kuoke th« t'pilcyfui.' (iO. iii. 113-1-1). The 
piece was titiblisbt'd in 1724. Once i\ifa'tn 
ebe temiiteu fortune wiib o tragedy, 'Krcrde- 
rick, DuKe ofHrun^wick-Limenliiirgli, 'which 
•Wiih aetfd at Ltneoln's Inn Fields, 4 Mareh 
172M U'A. iii. 241-2), and publwhed imoie- 
<liutplyiifl'Tward». with u dedication lo Fre- 
xli'fiek, prince of Wuleii, and a disclaimer of 
any intention ofrcrt'.-ciirtif on current palitic^. 
Her only other nsMjciat ion with the theatre 
AVHS lis rulIubMraior wiili AVilliam Ilatchctt 
in the libri'tlo of ' Opera of Operas, or Tom 
Thumb the(ireiLt . . . Kt!l to inusic ... by 
Air. Larnpe/ an adaptation of Fielding^ 
' Tragedy of Tragetlio*,' which wo« success- 
fully p^rfomitMl nt the Ilnymarket and Urury 
Ijine th^mtres in \7ti:i {ih. iii. 40S). 

Meanwhile Mrs. Huywood Inid bocome 
linown as a voliiminoini writer of tiction. 
Her earliest novel* dealt conventionally, if 
at time!* Komewhat Licentiously, with tlie 
trials and tempiationsof virtuous ladies. She 
wrote ch'arly uJid brightly, and her b^Kiks 
sob! rapidly. * Love in I'lxci'sa, nr the Fatal 
Kac)uiry ' reached a liflh edition in 1724. In 
the siinie year appi^red ' A Spy on the Con- 
jurer, or a (.'ollcctioii of . . . Slorics with 
. . . LL'tt*;rs' relating to Duncan Campbell 
[n. v.], 'revised by Mrs. Eliz. Haywood." 
TTiia work has been wrongly cluimed for 
Pefoe. It was doubt-Iess concocted wholly 
hy Mrs. Haywond (cf, W. Lek, Liff of DtJ'oi'^ 
i. .'127). In 172G appeared her'THaTuble, or 
u Conversation belwt-en some polite Person.'* 
<»f Ixitli Seie„H at a Lady's Visiting Day," 
and there, us in her novel of the * lujur'd 
Husband, or Mistaken It^^sentmcntM Dublin, 
1724), !»he warned h«r readers iu an adver- 
tisement that shu had ' no [articular wraoua 
fir families in view.' But in her ' Memoirs 
of a cortjiin Island adjacent to Utopia, writ- 
ten by a cHlt'brated author of that country. 
Now lriin.Hluti>dint>i MiigliNh' (London, 1725, 
"2 vols, t'vu), kIh- introdiici^d many scandii- 
loiut epiKode.«,find appended a * key in which 
the fictitious names in her narrative were 



idemitled with well-known livtni; perwns 
(through their luitials). The success of 
*Ut-opia' led Mrs. Haywood to produce io 
1727 a similar work, * The Secret History of 
the Present Intrigues of the Court of Cartr 
mania/ also with a * key.' Tbeje two *mait 
ficandalous'works excited thewntfa* 
and some of the bitterest and coar 
in llie ' Iluneiuxi * ( 172^) ridicule Mrs. ' 
wood (bk, ii. U. \b7 uy) In the early 
lions Pope represents her a.-* one of iheprmi 
for whicii Curll and (.'hapmuu. the publishe 
of her * Utopia,' race against each other. 
the finol edition O^twrnu's name was subs^ 
tuted for Chapman's, but in oil Mrs. Ilny 
wood ia won by L'urll. Iu a note on 
passage, Po[h' deaeribes her aa one of the 
'ahtimele«8 scribblers . . . who, in libellou 
memoirs and novels, reveal tiie faults ormi 
fortuncfl of both sexes, to the ruin of pnhtil 
fame or disturbance of private happim^ 
Mrs. Haywood aeems to havu mildly rv-t 
liated by contributing a few page6 to \\ 
'Female I>unciad,' 1729 (a collect ion of st'i 
rilous attacks on Pope made by Curll i. Mr 
Hnywoml there »i»eaks well of Curll, ba*' 
dt*pir.e Poptt's flfwuraption that Curll and 
^IrM. Haywood were clodely associated ia. 
bu8inet4^, their only connection seems ti< hav 
sprung from a desire to avenge themAelvo 
on PojH*. Pope's attack was repeated by I * 
friends. {=!wil> wrute of her (26 Oct. iVsl 
to the Countess of SulFolk. who seems 
have feared her pen, a^ a 'stupid, inCaraou 
scribbling woman ' ( Swijt, H «r/f*, ed. S4'of 
xvii. 430). Lord Peterborough, in a letta 
to l-Jidy Mary Wnrtley Montagu in 17^ 
denit*cl that Pope referred to Lady Mary id 
a well-known pa-^fwige in hi>* iiri»t satin*. He' 
repreaeuted that Pope had aaeured hiiu thai 
such women as Mrs. Centlivre, Mrs. Hay- 
wood, Mrs. Mauley, and Mrs. Ik-hn wer 
abino thfi objects of hix satire (PorE, li'ork 
ed. Elwin and Courthope, iii. 27i)). Hor 
AValpole wrote contemptuously of lier as tk 
counterpart of Mrs. Itehn on 10 Jiuie 17' 
(Z^//e(V,ed. Cunningham,!. 261). Mrs. Hav 
wood's later works of iiction were for lb 
most part inofiensive, altluntgh she has 1 
crtidited with one later etl'ort in slanderog 
literature, viz. 'The Fortunate Foundlii 
being the Genuine History of Colonel M — IJ 
and his sister Madame de P — y, the igsd 
of the Hon. Ch— s. M-rs, son of the lat 
Duke of U 1-d,' 17*4, 12mo (Halketti 

L Ik I NO). 

In an advertisement appended to voL i. of 
'The Virtuous Villoger, or Virgin '« Victc 
bi-ing the Memoirs i>f a Great Lady at 
Court (if France, written by herself (I.«i| 
don, 1742, 2 toU. 8vo: a traiislation by I 



Haywood 



3«S 



Haywood 



tri 

1 «At 



Iliiywood from the Cbcvolier Monhi's * IjG 
i*a}win Ponenu '}, * EUia llnywiH^I' ia de- 
tIImhI u9 a publisiUer nt the- Hgn of Fume^ 
Cdvent Cianlen. OiUy two booka appeur 
■on hur li*t of publicntion*!, and lier career in 
tho proffteion Wft* probably briff. B<>twt*t'n 
3744 and 174H. in association witli mmw 
friends. !«be istsncii in twiMily-four uiontlily 
rts 'Tbf Ft.'mulc Spt- ct ator/ a eolli*cli<m of 
oral Ulra urn! rcllections. It was reissued 
4 \ol». with a frontispiece, ahowiny four 
ladies eeated at n table (174'>-tt)f nnd the 
,volumefl were dedicated respectively to the 
ichcMCB of Leedu, Bt^dford, and Queeua- 
rrj', and the Ihichesa-dowager of Manch(»s- 
4er. There followed a like ventiipe, 'The 
Parrot, with a Compendium of tbt* Times,' 
ne nutnljers of a periodical i.««iiLHl weelily 
tween 2 Auji, ami 4 Oct. 1740. Tf) one 
Mn». Havwoijd'ft lattr novels — *The Uis- 
iry of Jemmy and Jenny* Jessamy ' (1753, 
5mo, 3 ^ola. ; another edit. 17Sj, 8vo} — Sir 
I'ttlter Scott reters at the cUwse nf his ' Old 
ortulity,' and makes un old hidv pniiw it 
Wing ' indued pathos itwlf.' Mrs. Hay- 
■ood'slaleat wDrka were 'The \\"ife, by ^Ura, 
le of the nuthora of tlie ''Female ypecta- 
ir,"' London, 17">lt, l:?mo, and 'The Ilu8- 
bnnd in Answt-r to lb" Wife.* I^ondijii, 17">(i, 
ll^mu. Mn-. I lay wood died, after nn illne.Htt 
of threi* iDdutlis, apparently in London, on 
25 Feb. 175t(. 

A ctfUected edition of the novel?, plays, 
and jKK'iufi which Mre. llaj'wood had writ- 
ten at the time appeurril in 1724 in four 
volumes. To it wn.H preli.\ed her jiortrait by 
Kirkall, towhieli Pojit) makes contempt uous 
alltiHion in ihe * l>uni-iad.' Another (Kirtmit 
by I'arinenlier was eoHraved by Vertue. In 
17-0 a]i])earpfl her 'Secret Histories, Novela, 
«nd Po«'ran,'ft ^ho^ter collect ion (:f vols.), dedi- 
cated to .Steele. 

Besides the works already mentioned Mrs. 
Haywood published (all in London): I. 'The 
British llecluse, or the Secret History of 
C'leomira, snpp'is'd dead,' 17^2, 8to; 3nl 
rdii., DiiLilin, \7'M. 'J. ' Idiilia, or the Un- 
fortunate MUireJ**.' 172.1. .'i, ' l..aMiellin, or 
the Sdf-Almndon'd; 1724. 4. ■ 'ITio Ilaah 
Jtesolve, or the Lntimt-jy Ue^olve/ 1724. 
fi. * Lelleri* of a Lady of Quality to a Cheva- 
lier.* 1724. 0. * Poems on several occaaions,' 
1724. 7. *The Surprise," 172-5. H. 'The 
F'atuI Secret,* 17iio. 9. * Fantomima. or Love 
in a Maze,' 172-"«. 10. • Mary Stuart, Queen 
of ScoCf, being the Secret History of her Life. 
Tnuialate<[ from the French,' London^ 172.5, 
II. 'The I>if>puii**d Prince, or the 
utiful Parisian,' 172H (from the French). 
'The Fair Hebrew,' anon., 1729. 13. 'Per- 
iled Virtue, or the Cruel Lover/ anon., 




1729. (This and the former book are aaerihcd 
to Mrs, Haywood in an advert ifiement- 
sheel in her Ini^edy of 'Frederick, Puke of 
Brunswick-Lunt-nburph.') 14. 'Love Let- 
ters on all occasions. Lately passed between 
persons of Distinct ion,' 1730, tSvo. 15. * La 
lielle Assenibli-e, a curious collect ion of wiiue 
very rnnmrkable ineiilentx which happened 
to IVraons of (Quality; translated from the 
French of JIdme. de Gomex,' 17321:'), 4th 
edit. 4 vols. l2nio. IC. * L'Eutreiien dea 
Beaux Ksprits,' a 6ef]Uel to 'La Belle As- 
M;mbK'c/ containing twelve novels, 17.34, 
2 voIb., dedicated to Charles Soytnour, duke 
of Somerset. 17. 'The I'nfortunate Princess 
[of Ijaveo;, interspersiKl with several curious 
and enterlaiiiin^ Kovels,' London, 1741. de- 
dicBle^l to the Duchess-dowager of Marl- 
Ixirough. 18. 'A Prewnt for a Senant 
Maid, ortfie sure mean.-4 of uuining Love and 
Esteem,* 1743, 8vo. 19. • The Fruillens En- 
quin'. Being a t'ollection of several enter- 
taining Uistorieit and (Jccurrences which fell 
underilieOlwivn'ationof a Lady in lierK-arch 
after Happiness,* 1747, 12mo, di.<dlca(ed to 
Lady Elizabeth (iennain. 20. *TheHiatory 
of Miss Belay Thouphtless,' 17G1, I2mo, 4 
vols. ; unotheredit. 1783, 8vo. 21. 'Invisible 
Spy '< Watt), 22. 'Adventures of Nature' 
(A.) 23. ' EpisUes for llie Ijidies,' 2 vols. 
iih.) 24. ' History of Leonora Meaidowsou/ 
1788, 12mo, 2volfi. 

[Authorities cited; Chalners's Blog. Diet.; 
Bivkt-r'K l^ioR- t)r«m, ; Pope's Works, ed. Klvin 
aiidCnurthopc. iv. 141,830; Halkott andLaing's 
Diet, of ^\nuiiyiuous Lit.; Walt's Bibl. Brit.; 
Brit. Mas. C'at..wbero farfeworworks tliau tboM> 
Doti«'d h«re ntf inHigned to Mrs. UB)"vcod. Tha 
iuitinU of the living; pt^rsuns meoiiuaed in the 
keys to Mrs, lIuynrood'H ' Utopia' and ' Cunt- 
tnania* are exj<itiided in a oonteinporanr luiod 
in (ht British Museum copies.] 8. L. L. 

HAYWOOD, WH.LIAM (UWO?- 16453), 
royali.sl divine, bom about JUOO in Ballance 
Street, Bristol, was the son of a cooper. He 
matriculatcHl at Oxford as a scholar of St. 
John's College on 15 Nov. lOlO, and pn>- 
ceeded B.A. on 11 May 1020, and M.A. on 
Hi April 1024, commencing- B.l). on 12 May 
1030 (Wood, Fa^ti Ojwi. ed. Bliss, i. ."W^, 
415, 450). He became a fellow of his col- 
lege ; was created D.l). in 10.'U( (if,, i. 405), 
andattracted iho favourof Laud. He liecamo 
one of Laud's domestic chaplains, and chap- 
lain in ordinary to Charles L ' I preferred 
him not to liis majesty,' Laud wrote, 'till he 
bad preached divers t imes in court with great 
approbation' U*Ai'n, HorA**, iv. :^l)o). Hay- 
w(iod was afterwards prebendary of St. Paul's 
on 21 Nov. KkJl (Lb Ni!TE,/-'ff<<i, ed. Hardy, 
it. 370) ; rtKtor of Laindon, Ewex, on 8 Dee. 



Hazel tline 



si6 



in the siime year (Nbwcourt, Itfpfrtorium, 
ii. .V>7); rector of St. OiIe«-in-UiivFi»;I(U, 
MidilU^-x, about ia% (I'ft. i. 013; cf. Sfraf- 
Jord Lctfera,'n. lo"); and was inatAlled pre- 
bemlaryof Wettminslercm 28 Sept. KKl^tKB 
Neve, iiu 3'i8). V\}'m the pHtition of hw 
parishioners, who oxhibilpil a loiiff noriefi of 
articles against htm, ho vriia ejoctcd from his 
Tiearage in 164], and was ini prisoned. Hay- 
'wood, 18 Laud's chaplain, had lieeiified for 
The press several bnoks suspected of a Homnn 
ciitholictpndcncy,andri.'signedthi'chaplnincy 
in conae(|Uf nw. I ,uud wn* rhHrp-'d at fiin triiil 
with rf»puni)iliilily for all nHyw(H»ir»a<^tion8. 
At Land a rv ti uesl he won broti^ht from prison 
in 1(U3 to g'lve evidence on the archbishop's 
behalf. Laud desired that Haywood fthould 
attend him at his execution, but parlinmunt 
refused Txirmisston. It^HluctKl to poverty on 
Ix'ing released from prison, he kept for some 
timea private school in Wiltshire, m the name 
of his son, but recovered all his preferments 
after thy lieeloraiion. IJnywotMl ws--* Iniried 
in WeittminstcT AbU-y on 17 Jidy \W,\. Hy 
his wife Alit:*' {tf. Ui75) he loft an only sou, 
John, who died in 1 (MU (Cii estek, l(W/«ti«- 
iiter Mbey Jieglsteiv, jip. ir»8, 100, 187). He 
published several seruions. 

[Authorities in the text; Wood's Athenic 
Oiou. ed. Bliss, iii. 631-7; Laad's Works, iii. 
213, iv. 97. 210, 281 sq.] O. 0. 

HAZELDINE,Wn.LtAMn703 lft40), 
ironfounder, was bom at Shawbury, Shrojt- 
ahire, in 17(13. HJs parents removed while 
he was very young toSowbatch.neara forge 
at Moreton-Oorbet, now Moreton Mill, about 
seven miles from Shrewsbury. In hia early 
vears he worked as an ojierative millwright. 
He was fliiefly brnupht up by his nude, au 
able millwright and engineer, who recom- 
mended Ilazeldino about 1780 to superin- 
tend the erection of miLchinery at Upton 
forge, the property of the Sundonie family. 
ll&zeldine aftiTwarda beeami! the tenant of 
this forge and of the adjoining farm. Ue 
subseijueutly reuiovet! to Shrewsbury, and 
entered into purtti<_'rsli(p with a clockniaki;r 
and niechanicuin namrd AVelwler. Their lirst 
foundry was in (\)h>-hnlUor Knucking Stniet, 
in Shrewsbury. The buainesLi prospered, but 
AVebsler not caringtospeeulaletoihe neces- 
sary extent, a dJMohitton of partDorship fol- 
lowed. Hazcldino then built a foundry at 
Coleham, Shropshire. IIo nfterwards oc-cu- 
pied a foundry near liuabnn, D^mbig^hshire, 
ininworks at Lalcott, in Bicton, SliropHhire, 
and limeworks at Llanyniynech in the same 
county. In I7SS he beeainf acquainted wtlh 
Thomas Telford. When Telford wasengaged 
in constructing the Kllesroere and Chester 



canal, nazeldine became the contractor fm 
I h(! Chirk (179C-1H01) and Pont -C'ysy lit aa 
(1705-1803) ai|ueilucts. The erectiim of th«I 
locks on tile Caledonian canal (liiOJ-l-)] 
was entrusted to him. [nl820he eugage<l t«i 
furnish the whole of the ironwork fur th* I 
Menai Bridge (IH10-2.">); he also supplied! 
the ironwork for the Omwav Hridge (]H±.*— I 
18201; and mAdothoirouarcfiforTowk«baryi 
Bridge (1823^ 6). A list of his mnrt- impor-I 
tant undertakings is given in the ' fientle-*! 
man'sMagazinc'lbr lt<41,pt.i.pp. 100 2. ImM 
1H3:?, when the IVince^s Victoria and the 
DuchesK of Kent visited the Karl of Livep«1 
pool at Pitchford Park, near ShrewsbnryJ 
ilazeldiuK was deputed to explain to theMl 
the principles and construction of tho Mennj 
Bri*fge. He died at Dogpolu House, neaf 
Shrewsbury, on 2d Oct. 1S40, and was burie" 
in St. ChadV churchyard. Tlis ruonnmenfel 
in the church is surmounted by a bu?;t bj 
Chantrey. He married Miss lirayne of Teni-1 
hill, who, with one of lus daughters, died'l 
bt-fore liim. 

[Gent. Mag. 1S4I, pt. :. pp. 100-2; Telford^ 
Aiitotiiugmphy, ed. J. Rickman, pp. 22'i. 233 



257 



G. O. 



HAZLEHUR8T, THOMAS (Jl. 17< 
I^IM), miniature-painter, was a pupil of SLff . 
Joshua Reynolds. He prnetised his art in.\ 
Liverpool trum 1700 to 181H, His work 
U higlily finiifhed and of great exc«llcnre 
'Scribbleriana.bT Thomas Hazlehurst,Minia 
ture Painter, witli a number of clever sketcbe 
interspersed,* IJguretl in the catalogue lXo.i 
lii;j) of ihn collection of Mr. Joseph Meyer|f 
snld in Liverjjool, lo Hec. IKS*. 

[Mayer's >^ly Art in Liverpool ; Br^a-b'S 
Diet., of Piiiutcrs (Gmvc*;, i. 635 ] A. X. 

HAZLEWOOD, COLIN HENHY (1823 

1875), dramatic author, was bom in 1823,an^| 
became a low ct>median on t he Lincoln, York J 
and western circuits. In 1850 he wrote audi 
produced at the City of London The-atre m\ 
farce entitled ' Who's the Victim ? ' which 
WAS received with favour,andhACommence4)] 
writing stories for the penny weekly pubU-^ 
cations. In 1851 he was engaged at tha 
Surrey Theatre, uppenriiig as I»b Black- 
berry in the ' Hovers Bride,' and waa nextH 
engaged by Nelson Ijce and JohnsoDforrthd 
City of London Theatre as low comedinoal 
Here he n<^mained ten year!*, jiroducing"! 
numeroiiis dmman, farces, and burlesqiiesj 
among his successes being ' The ItimneCl 
BuilJers'Tea Party' at the Strand Thcatn-jl 
' Jenny Foster, the Seilor's Child,' and ' Jes^ial 
Vcre, or the Ketum of the W'anderer,' twoj 
dramas each in two acts, produced in 165< 



3'7 



iiikI 18^6 at the Britannia Saloon, where they 
lind long runs; nml 'Waiting for thf- Xctt- 
dict.'firet^venottho City of London Theatre. 
Hazlewiind wrote mainly for the Britannia 
on<l Pavilion Theatres, and ia said to have 
lM*cnpaidat the rate ufabouttifty shillings an 
act, with »omethinp exfra for i\ very Riiecess- 
ful piece. Hh dit'd al 44 llunliiifjdoiv Street, 
Ila^enston, London, on ^i Mayl^r.*»,aged02, 
laavin^ two children, a son, Henry Colin 
Hazlewood (leasee and manager of the Star 
Theatre, Wolverhampton), and a daughter. 
The followinff pieces by llaiU'Wtwid were 

frinted in T. Ii. Lacy's * Acting Edition of 
Uays:' No. 101, '(Joinfr to Chublmm. A 
Farce,' City of London Theatre, 1853; No. 
371, * Jessie Vere,' 1866; No. 4C7, 'Jenny 
Foster,' iHoo ; No, 47it, ' 'Ilie JInrble Bride,* 
maipcal dmma, Britannia Sidoiin ; No. G:^, 
* The Chevalier of tlie Maisrm Knugt*,' drama, 
18-59; No. 744, 'The I1ou><b on the Bridge 
of Notre Dame,' drama, Marj'lclxine Theatre, 
1801 ; No. 8l^2, ' The Harvest Sturm,' drama, 
Britannia Tlieutre, 1802; No. 8o(), 'The 
Heart of Midlothian,* dmmu, ndjugfed hv 
C. Hozlewood. 1803; No. 80O, ' Anrora 
Floyd,' drama, Britannia Theatre, 1863 ; No. 
9*54, 'The Mother's Dying Child." drama, 
Britannia Theatre, 186;'i; No. lO-'i't, 'Clock 
on the Stairs,' drama, Britannia Theatre, 
1862: No, 1047, ' CapitoU, or the Masked 
Mother and the Hidden Hand,' drama. Citv 
of London Theatre. 1800 ; No. 1 145. ' Tout *a 
Dhoil, or the Fairy Man,' drama. Britannia 
Theatre, 18C5 ; No. 12R8. ' lion Pickers and 
(Jipsies,* drama, Britannia Theatre, 1869; 
Ko. 1300, ' Lizrie Lyle, or the Flower Makers 
of Finsburv,' drama, <irecian Theatre, ItiOO; 
Ko. 1381, 'TliP I^t Wife, or a Husband's 
Confeiwion,' drama, Britannia Tlioatre, 1871 ; 
No. 1437, M-eave it to Me,' a farce, with 
Art hiir Will lams. Surrey Theatre, 1 870 ; No. 
1473, • Waiting for the A'erdict, or Faleely 
iccused,' drama. City of London Theatre, 
l8fl9; No. lM3.*Mar\* Edroondstone.'draraa, 
Britannia Theatre, 1862: No. l'V»7. 'The 
Statr of Diamonds,' drama, Surrey Theatre, 
18H1 ; No. loTrt, ' The Stolen Jewe-^*,' tlrama, 
Britannia Theatre, 1872 ; No. I "i83, ' Aahore 
and Afloat/ drama, Surrey Theatre, 1864: 
No. l.VsB, 'Taking the Veil, or the Harsh 
Stepfather,' drama. Itrltauiua Theatre, 1870; 
Ko. ini)!, • The Bridal Wreath," dmina. City 
■of London Theatre. 1861 : No. 1601, 'The 
Bitter Ucokoning,* drama, BritanniaTheatre, 
1871 ; No. I60;t, 'The Headless Horseman,' 
dmm&, Britannia Theatre, 1865; No. 1611, 
' For Honour's Sake,' drama, Britannia 
Theotre, 1873; No. 10.3.1, Messamy'fCourt- 
vb.ip.'ft farce. Philharmonic Theatre, 187.'*; 
"upplement No. 3, ' Ijady Audley'a Secret,' 



drama, Victoria Theatre, 180,3; Supplement 
No. 16, ' Never loo Late to Mend, drama, 
Mnrylebone Theatre, 1850. 

C)therof hi»^ pi«K*es had considerable popu- 
larity, viz. : * >larj' Trice,' * Bhillia Thorpe,' 
'Jerrv Aberahaw,' • Lilla, the Iy>st One.' 
'Our" Tea rarty,' 'The Black OondoU,* 
' Trials of Poverty.'' Blancheaiid Perrinette,* 
'Th« Eagle's Nest,' 'Lost Evidence,' 'Tln> 
Jewess of the Temple,' * TheTraitor's Track,' 
'Life for a Life,* 'Tne Forlorn Hope,'* Ilappi- 
HHSs at Home,' ' Cast Aside,' ' Aihijn .-Vsthore,' 
• The Lightning l-losh,' * A French Girl's 
Love,' and * Inez DauLon.' 

[Km Almanack, 1869, pp. 18. 45.] O. C. B. 

HAZLITT, WILLIAM (1778-1830), es- 
savii^t, bom on 10 April 1778, was the son of 
W'illiam Unzlitt (1737-1820) and prandson 
of John Hitzlilt, an Irish protestant, oriffi- 
ually of Antrim, Ketlled at Shroue Hill^ 
near Tippemrv. William Hazlitt, the father, 
studied at (ilasgow for live years, where he 
was a contemporary of Adam Smith, joined 
the preahylerian miuistn,%and ultimately be- 
come a unitarian. He was chosen minister 
at Wisbeach in 17C4; at MarahGeld, filou- 
ceatershire, inl7l-W; alMaidstono inl770-l, 
where he frequently met Dr. Franklin; ond 
at Bnndon, co. Cork, in 1780. In 1783 he 
aaiUvl to Amtrrica. and wa>; for fifteen months 
at rhiladelj)hia,where,in addition to jireai'h- 
iu(jr, he delivered a course of lectures in the 
collego on the evidences of Christianity. Ho 
is said to have founded the fu-st unitarian 
church in Boston, Massacbusetts. lu 1786-7 
be returned, and settled at Wem in Shrop- 
8bire,and while there published three volumes 
of sermons, hi 1 706 he married f trace Loft us, 
daughter of a farmer near Wisheach. Their 
first child, John, wa« born at Marshfield in 
]7tt7; their daughter, Pec^'y, at the ^ame 
place; and William in Miire Lane, Maid- 
stone. The elder Hoilitt retired from the 
ministn*. moved to Addlestone, Surrey, in 
1813, aherwards to Bath, and finally to Cre- 
diton, where he died cm 16 July i820 (of. 
MtTRCH, Huif. ftf Prrjtbt/fen'an and General 
BaptUt Church in WeH vf EnglttJid, p. 4''i). 
William went wilhhis iian*nts toAmerica, 
and was educated chiefly in his Gither*6 house 
at Wem. Early letters to his family indicate 
a very precocious intellect. In 1791 the 
'ShrewsDury Chronicle* inserted a letter from 
bim upou tbo persecution of IVie.*-rley at 
Birmingham. At the o^re of t)ftei>n ho' was 
Bent to the unitarian college at llacknev to 
jirepure for the ministrv. He bad olniadv 
written (in n«2) 'A 'lYgject for a New 
I Theory of Criminal and Ctvil Legislotion,' 
^ suggested by a dispute about the Test Acts; 



3i8 



and ItU tutor, whn had fmiml liira buckward 
in fwme of his studies, eneoumged him to 
tfiaboratt* this c#8ay (published in his ' Lltr- 
mrv Romains'). l*or«omoreMftn, not uluted, 
he gATt!) np all thoughts of the miniRtrv about 
nif?. In .Tauuiiry \79S Coleridije, then on 
iho point of le&vin>F the unitarians, visited 
theelderllazlitt at Wem, and there preached 
his last sermon. Young Hnzlitt wni pnv 
foundly imiiressed, and attnwtt'd tho kindly 
notice of ihy preacher. The lad tried to ex- 
jilain a metaphvsical discovery which he sup- 
posed himself \n have inad«\ Coleridgfn (en- 
couraged his disciple to pursue the inquiry 
<wUichuItiraati.'ly resultca in Hazlitt's' Prin- 
ciples of Iluniuu Artion '), and invited a 
visit. Ilttzlitt, uecordingly.in the following 
Rjiring went to stie Coleridge at Stowuy, 
passed three weeks there, made an excursion 
with Coleridge to l.j-nton and met AVords- 
wortli. A paniphlel published in IftOtl was 
th« result nf llazUtt a study of Coleriilge's 
orrieles (of t8(K)l in the ' Morninj^ Post.' ' 

Ilazlitt now lived chiefly at his fatlier's, 
and acquin'd most of the knowledge which 
woa afterwards to ba turned to account. He 
read few books, but studied those few tho- 
roughly, enjoyed them keenly, and delighted 
in solitary thought. He studied the chief 
£i]tfli»h philosophical writers from the time 
of Uobhes, but read neither Greek nor (ler- 
man. Hurke. .Tunins, and Rotts^ean were 
among his chief favourites, Uoiii^sefla chiefly 
for the 'Confessions' and the 'Nouvelfe 
HOloise,' which he knew almost by heort. 
Cooko'fl ' British Novelists' introduced him 
to Fielding, Smollett, and Richardson; ho 
had much of Shakesi^an' at his lingers* ends, 
and was fond of Boccaccio. His reading was 
necessarily fragmentary in youth, ami he 
confessed frankly to the many blanks winch 
he never tilled. His love of reading after- 
wards diminished, and it is said tltat he 
never read a book through after lie was thirty 
(Plain Speaker, *Oa Reading Old Books*' 
\V. C. Huzlitt, i. 80, 18o, \9l). 

His brother John had studied under Rey- 
nolds, exhibitod in the Academy from 17H8, 
and was getting intn fair practice as a minia- 
ture-painter. \\'illiam, who had also shown 
early artistic tastes, resolved to follow his 
brother'a profej*sion. He learnt the elements 
of the art, probably under lus brother, and 
spent four months at Paris in the winter of 
1802-3, making copies of pictures at the 
Louvro, for which he had several commis- 
sions from his friends. AJVer his return he 
made a tour in the north and painted soint; 
portTait8,includingthoseof Hartley Coleridge 
and Wordaworth. AVortls worth's portrait 
was destroyed ob luualiafactory. Although 



HnxliiL acijuired, ami iilway? pre.«fried, 
.strong love of the art, he gradually becaiil 
convinced that he could not succml mi ffli 
as to satisfy his own ambition. A Um of lii 
known paintings i^ given in Mr. W. C. Ha 
litt's hiogmphy (i. xvil. Tlift most inter»*fc 
ing was the portrait of Lamb as a Venitia 
senator, executed probably in 1805 (now ' 
the National Portrait (Jallery). This 
it seems. Ids last attempt. He was dividir 
his time lH'tw»!»'n Wom and I*ondon. Hi 
hnjlher John was known to the Lambs. Tli| 
own acqiniintance with Coleridge, llw unV 
larian preacher Joseph Fftwcett [q. v.*, aiid 
Wordsworth procured him cost admiasio 
to the circles of which Lamb and G-idwia 
were the centres. He Vgan In tumhisearlj 
studies to account. He published in I8(] 
his ' Principles of Human .Vction.' H*? tool 
Godwin's part in the controversy with Mal^ 
(bus in 180~,and in the uamt- ytitarimlilish'' 
an abridgment of Tucker's 'Light of N'ature] 
andavolnmeofpploctions from parliamentar 
S])eeche8. In IrtOH Im prp|Mired a gramma 
embodying the 'discoveries of Mr, Hor 
Tooke,' which, however, did not appear till] 
1810. His etbicol treatise was scnipulousll 
dry, though showing great aeulene.3.«, Hii 
other works, though honest task-work, wn 
not calculated to win popidarity. 

Meanwhile he had been falling in lore i 
short internals, and with a want of sue 
which left some (permanent pangs.] Huriu 
hiB northern tnur he had Ix-eom*?^ altuche 
to a Miss Rjiilton, <laughtpr of some family 
friuuils at Liver|>nol. Her relations thougbi 
hispnispocts loti doubtful, and the affair wa 
brokenoff. In the Lakes t he dereitfid dnngh. 
tcr of a farmer led him into a flirtation whicli 
seems to have ended in his hfiiig ducked 
the villag*' bnwk (W. C. Hazutt, i. lOOJ 
/rfimAV LrttrrSf ed. Ainger, i. J"D ; Patmorb^ 
iii. 141). 1)© Quincey declart^s that he madj 
an otrertoMiss Wordewnrth ( H'orjt*, ii.201) 
and other pajt.sing attachments are me 
tioncd. At some time, probablv af^er Jun« 
180C (see W. C. Hazutt, i. 137, where th« 
letter from Mary Lamb seems to be inconx^ 
sistent with Mr. ilaxliit's theory of a previous 
Iovemaking).he became acquainted with Mis 
Sarah iStoddart, daught^'r of a retired navn 
otHcer, nnd sister of Dr. Stoddart. afterwar 
editor of the *Times.* The Stoddurt* wer 
friends of John HaJtlitl, and thrcmgh him • 
tho Lambs. In 1807 Ilaxlitt was engaeej 
to Miss Stoddart. There were some difi 
rulties as to ways and means. Miss Stodd&T* 
had inherited from herfather a small properlj 
at AVinterslow, some six miles from Salts 
bury, producing about 120/. a j'ear. Thii 
was settled upon her,* at her brother's instiJ 



3«9 



gation,' much to the annoyance of Ilozlilt, 
who had become partly c«tniugL'd from (he 
doctor on political gn.>und8. At lost, how- 
ever, the marriage toolt place on I May 1808 
at St. AndrewV, llolboni, in prettunce of the 
Stoddarta and the l.ambs. 

Upon his marrinp* Ilazlitt ^ctllcd nt 
7intendow in oneof the coltiifjfK belr)ii^in(^ 
tohiswift'. Mazlitt'saltrtchini'Tit toWiiitera- 
lnw is cnmmetuoratf'd in several pni^sflges of 
his works, and he 6|Kfcially diMijfUted in 
BtroUs through the ncijfhbouriug- wofwls of 
Norman Conrt. In the autumn of I8(>9 tlie 
JjBmbA paid ihem u vWit, and T.rimli vii^itrd 
Oxfordwith llnzlitt. At Winlcrylowlliizlitt 
wwie hi* cranminriind prepared the memoir 
of Ilolcroft (tt. 'j:i Murth IHOJ) from papers 
flntrufitpd to him. A eon, l)om in .liinuHry 
I8()9,dicdin the following July, aiid anothtT, 
AVtlliam, the only rhild who survivinl, was 
born on 20 Sept. Ibll. An increawHl in- 
come became highly desirable. The Hazlitta 
moved in 181:* to London, in order to be 
within reach of literart' employment, and 
Mettled at 19 York Striff, Westminster, a 
houM belonuing to Jt>remy Rentham, tuitd lo 
have beea formerly Millim'^, nrid ortrupied 
for B few months in 1810 by Jumt-rt Mill. 
Hnzlitt delivered a courj^e of trn lectures at 
tho Russoll InctitutioD upon * The Uiae and 
Progrcea of Mod<-'m Philosophy,' 1 1 i$ works 
had clearly |^ine<l liiro nomc rt-putation in 

• modem philosophy,' which, as llie syllahun 
showft, meant liobboa, Locke, and Locke's 
followers. He took i5^)eci«l interept in the 
malerialiam and necewttarianiitra of Ilnrtley 
and llelvetiua. He followi;d Home Tooke in 
the theory of hmjiuajBre. The fra}rra<^'it^Kiven 
in the *Literar>- Ueraaina' show that the 
lectures were in part a repn>duction of the 
'priociplea of human action.' 11.0. Itobinson 
(Diary,'i. 368-71) attended hi.« lectures, was 
much in(<;rested, and Kpeak^of his rapid ira- 

fffovement in deliver)', llarlitt niiwiinally 
eft. speculation for literature und jounialiera. 
Tfe becaniu a pnrliamentar)- reporter for the 

* Mornintr Chn)niple/ maliinp notea In long- 
hand. Ilin health Kuffereil from tlii> work 
and from habits of iniemm-rnncf, then com- 
mon in the (laUery. Tie broke off this habit 
about IBl 5 under medical advice, and theuct*- 
forward abstained from all fermented liquors. 
Haydon aseerls (Autohiographtt, i. 279) that 
his reformat ion wnm the result ofalonpdrlnk- 
inp bout inlended to drown the me-mory of 
Napoleon's defeat ut Wnterkio. His enemies 
continued to taunt him a^ u drunkard, and 
called him ' Pimpled Harlitt.' He afterwards 
drank strong black tea in Johnsonian i^uan- 

;ities. On leaving the (;iillery Im became 
atrical critic lu the 'Morning Chronicle' 



in 1814. and wrote some political articles, 
among which hl«: replicfllo 'Vetua' (the elder 
Sterling) apjjeur t"i have been most noticed. 
Aquarrel with tlie prujirit torn led (ohislcav- 
iujf the'Uhronicle;' onrl lie alwwrotc inthu 
'Champion,' edited by John Scott (uflenvardit 
editor of the * L(md<m Miipit«in«'),ond in tho 
'Times,' A more im|K)rtaiil connection was 
that with the 'Exiimin<r/ tlien bolonfjing to 
John and Leigh Hunt. Jnbn limit was ono 
of the few person* forwhnm Ilazlitt'x regnni 
never seems to have cooled. Leigh Hunt pro- 
jMiwd to join Hazlitt in a series of iiapcrs in 
I lie ohl'SjNKJtator* iniumer, to lxu:alled'TIie 
Hound Table.' These papers (irst showed 
HazUtt's characteristic vein. He had beeti 
forced to t-ak« up his pen by want of money^ 
and always requital a certain ell'ort at start- 
ing! I'ATHORE,iii. l-<i)- But hcs(Hin beoAm» 
& ready writer, and acquired the animati>d 
style neeessarv to couimaiid public attention. 
A review of M ordsworth's ' Lxcursiou* in lint 
' ICxamincr ' led incidentally to an estrange- 
men! from Lumb and a qimrrel with Uobin- 
Bon(i'<6, ii, 3U). Hazlitt bad bumiwed withouti 
leave a copy of the book, which had heeti 
sent to I^mb for review in the * Quarterly/ 
Lamb was delaywl by tbo detention, and 
Hazlitt, as he says, gave him a 'blowing up' 
for lieing angry. ITio coolness pnibably grew 
when Hazlitt attacketl Lamb's friends in the 
' Chronicle.* They always retained, how- 
ever, n kindly feeling at bottom. Hazlitl dedi- 
cated his 'Shakespeare Characters' to Lamb, 
and often wrote n]ipreciative]y of his essays:. 
When I>amb wn^te his letter t^ Southey 
in iH^fj, he took occasion tr» enlogi.>u> llaz- 
litt'a tiner <|iinlilip8, while laiuenling tluit l)i» 
gloomy distrust of friendshad eausedapArtial 
separation. Hazlitt was much gratified, and 
in his last illness was aflectionately attendetl 
by Lamb («.'C*('onversation of Authors* end 
1 he 'Pleasure of 1 lat in g ' in t he PlatH -Sprakfr), 
Some articles in the 'Clmmpion' wen? n-ad 
by l^dy Mackintosh, who spoke of them to 
Jeffrey,and led loan invitation tocontribulo 
to the ' Kd in burgh Keview' (Koiiin-»im, L 
4*11). II i» first article (on Ihinlnp'H' History 
of I'^iction') appeared in November 18l4, 
and he contributed at intervahtill his death 
(to tho list given by Mr. W.C. Hazlitt tiveure 
added by Mr. Ireland in Notes und Uuene^^ 
r>tli Bcr. xi. 10*'>). He wax never in the inner 
circle of the 'Uftview.' Ita politic* wi-n* un- 
congenial, and he wai? connni.-'l to literary 
topics. \\'\f- articles are not in his liett ntan- 
ner, prf)bably biyauso he felt the ronainttnt 
of Jeffrey's editing, and coidd not indulge 
the ftrong p<T(ionul vein conspicuous tn hi* 
other writing. In 1817 Iliutlitl published 
hifl 'Chancters of SfaakeApeore.' He t«- 



Hazlitt 



ceivcd 100/. for it. TIio first edition went 
oft' in six weeks ; thf.* m\t* of -the wcond nft* 
^M))]!, a« he thoiif^lit, liv iiii iiltuck in ihv 
'f^tiarliTly Ucvifjw.' I'or this ami n later 
a3«anU Harlitt rt- vMr\;je<l himselt' by a viyo- 
wjua 'Ltftter to Willidui (tiftbrd/ eximsing 
6oroc mi'^reprv'^eutation!!. and nccusing bid 
innfit hated fniemy of ddiberate falsehood. 
iiiffordV ItriiUUty wii5 i»ufh oa to justify the 
rt'talitition. The Bt'CJind book re\'iewed by 
Oitford wa.A th<t ' English Pf>et8,* the repub- 
licalioD of a wjrieii of tecturea given at the 
Stirrt'T Inalitiition in 1818. Two other 
ci;nir*o.<,on the' Comic Writers' and the 'Ago 
of KUxalK'th,' -wen* given at the aame place 
ill 1819-20. lie hud known little of the 
ilramatists, and born)W''d a down vol timea 
from Procter (Autof/i'M/. p. 173). which ho 
got up during six woeki at AVinterslow. 
Patmon', who oB aecrwUry to lh»," institution 
now Hrst made hi» actitiaiutance. and Tal- 
ffjurd, who beard him, ^pak of \m succeaa 
US a lecturer. Uih maorier impressed hia 
Loarers, in spite of jtom^- shocks to the pre- 
judices of a middlp-cla.*8 audienc**. l\\» 
general n^putfttion was rising, though hardly 
in proportion to hi--* merits. His senices 
were in n'qiip*t bv eilitors. lie contributed 
in 1818 to the * Vellow Dwarf,' atnrte<i by 
.lohn Hunt. lie wnaom- of thecontrtbutora , 
tothe'Londun Magnrim*,* in which appi'ared | 
port of his 'Table Talk' in 1H19, anil was , 
ovenfinppo»ed— though ern)neousIy — to have I 
been the editor ( W. C. il,u!(.tTr,*ii. !>). In | 
I8:il hehadft "hiirpfiuurn-l with I^eigh lliint , 
who re«ii*ut«d wime iittat^kfi made by Haxlitt 
up(m Shelley in th^ ' Table Talk.' Ilozlitt 
re|ieHted the olVenr.'! alY-'rwiirds, to the re- 
newedangerof Hunt. Hunt, however. upon 
ShelleyV death, obtained lii*; help in the 
*Li1w'riil,'i*tartedbyUvron [gee under Hykox, 
tJuottiiK Gobdon], in which Ilazlirt wrote 
five papers. Byron's a>i»oeiation with mere 
iiterari- h-irku suchft^ Hunt and llaclittwai) 
much resented by T. Moore, upon whom 
Hazlitt afterwords made some aharp attacks. 
Hazlitt never wmle, acfwrding to Patmore, 
till he waa in actual want of money, although 
iie then wrote very rupiilly and di-<c!iarg»'d 
iii:* engagements punctually. He was driven 
to isolation by hia wayward temper and ob- 
stinate adhenmce to \m peculiar nolitical 
cre*^. Ho (U'ftjiispd t lie wuigs. loathed (he 
tones, and vehemently attacked ihM radicals 
of BenthnmV jwhool. He liked to be in a 
minority of one, and tried to jiuninh the 
ftpTOlft8y(a8be thought it ).»f lusold friends 
Coleridge, Wordsworth, and Sonthey by 
inexcusably hitter atiAcks in the*Chronicle' 
(see J\tlificnl E^xayfi). 
Meanwhile hi^ domestic life had become in- 




tolerable to him. Mrs. Hazlittvnuawo 
of conaiderable reading and vigoroua iind« 
alanding. She wiw, bow»«ver, an utterly in-* 
competent hous«'wife, di.'SpiatnJ (be ordinanr 
proprieties, and had a love of ineongnio 
nnery. She visited some friends, drench 
to the skin, after attending a walkiug>uulc 
intheruin. She had no sentiment, was slo 
to sympathise, and her estimate of Hazlitt) 
writitigs was considerably lower th^n 
oiAH. She was not jealous, nor doea it i 
penr that Haxliti gave her cause for iealoiL^ 
nevond pas^^ing lira of adminitiuii for otha 
women ( W. C. Hakutt, i. 2U, ii. V2, 'Mi% 
It waa not surprising, howev^, that auch i 
woman should fail to agree with a ma 
singularly fa£iidiou<t,oxncting in nil hi^rcU 
tions, and constantly taking umbr 
trifles. Their one bond seems tfl hni 

their common affection for their onlvt 

From the autumn of 1819 (lA. ii. 26) 'Uaxlil 
lived chietly aptirt from his wife, stayis 
fraquently at 'The Hut' (altMi called' tfa 
Pheasant Inn), n coaching inn near Win 
tervlow, on the road from Salisbury to Ijoo 
don, described by Mr. Ireland (Hazlitt, 
xxx\). In ]8i0 he took lodgings at 9Soulli 
amnion nuildinga,ChanceryLane. His land 
lord, a Mr. Walker, hod two dauffhters, : 
one of whom, Sarah, he conc<?ived a »tr 
patwion. She conf(**wed to n previous attocli 
nieiit, but, if his account be accurate, en 
quettefl very fretdy with him. In 1820 
1821 he propose«l a divnree from his wifi 
intending when free to marry Sarah Walke 
Mis* Wolkor is deseribtHl by Procter {Aut^ 
bioff. p. 180), who says tlutt Ilazlitt's paasio 
was unAceountable. and almost verged up 
madness. In January 1822 he started fa 
Scotland. He wrote nn account of his con 
versdtions with .Miss Walker at Stamford* 
10 Jan. 18^2. He reached t^linbuiyh bq 
afterwards, where Mrs. Hazlitt arrived 
21 April. Her diary (partiy publiahed 
Mr. W. C. Hazlitt^ gives a busmead-Ulce i 
count of the various stages of the pr 
ings by which a divorce was ultimately ofa 
tained. During some of the delays Uialit 
made a trip to the highland', and at'terwar 
wrote part of his 'Table Talk' at U»ntoa 
Inn, Uerwiekehire. He %vrote impoaaione 
letters to Potmon.- about Misa Walker. H( 
had some conversations with bin wife, and 
when all wa.s settled told her that he had^ 
hopes of marrying ' some woman with a goodl 
fortune,' which would enable him to give ug 
writing and do something for hiabrDiher and 
his son (W. C. Hazmtt. ii. 03>. Both hu 
bond and wife clearly believed in the legal] 
validity of the proceedings. It bad 
held that forty duya' residence brought 



Hazlitt 



jai 



Hazlitt 



parties under SooHisIi jurisdiction. Screral 
persons had tttkon advantage of this doctrine, 
(hit) Lolley had. however, been sentenced to 
tmnitpurtHtion for biKiimy in IK!*J after oI>- 
tHining'adivorccfminbiRlirKt wifeon Hnxlitt's 
methud. Thn |Kiin( of luw whh then arjCfued 
buforeall the Knj;lisIijiid({v»,mi(J the sentence 
coutirmed (articlu hy Mr. R. Campbell in 
Joiirnntof Jtirijqirudence. 18(59, xiii. 481, &c. ) 

TTazlitt, on returning to Ixindon. satisfied 
himwrif (as it seems) that Miss Wallicr ha<l 
l>ei.'n all along dweiving Uim. and preferred 
a yoimgwr lover, lie put togulher the i^l range 
book called 'Liber Auions,' consisting of thu 
convursationa above mentioned, with letter* 
to I'atmoro and J. S. Knowlea. The mask of 
anonymity wari tnins]>nrent u> all the ]H'r8ons 
concumcd, ospeeially oft ho poun-d out his 
grievances to any one who would listen (Proc- 
ter). DeQuincey charitably tails the book an 
* explosion of frenzy,' necessary to ' empty his 
nverburdened gpirit.' The necessity, created 
by his morbid egotism, was probably not ol*- 
Tious to Miss Walker, who was soon after- 
wards married, and uboiit whose coiiJuct he 
made Matementt> immaiilv. even if true, lie 
was aano enough to get 100/. from a ]iiib- 
liaher forehowiiig hi<t AKiU in rivalling lions- 
seau's * ConfesRirmH.* Thu pasKiou waa appa- 
rently soon forgotten. 

lie now lodged in Down Street, Piccadilly, 
and contributed to the* Liberal,' tho' London 
Magazine,' and the * New Monthly,' and 
piibltshed his 'Characteristic*',' in imitation 
nf ilochefoucauld. In the fin^t half of 1821 
he reverted to the intention aiinoiiiicet! to 
Tklrs. Hazlitt nt Kdinbnrgh by niarr) ing a 
Mrs. Bridgcwatcr. Her maiden name \n un- 
known. She was of Scottish birth, had gone 
out tfl fJmnnda, married a Colonel Rridgo- 
water, and upon his death soon n(\<>rwards 
returned to Scotland. 8he had a »mu,ll pro- 
iwrty, stated at 300/. a vear. She is said to 
liavc bi^en charming: but little is known 
about her. L'pon his marriage Hajtlitt carried 
out a plan,pri,tjectfd ayenr ortwunrevioiwly, 
for a tour through France and Italy» visit ing 
picture galleries, and desrribiug his impres- 
sions in letters to the ' Morning Chronicle.* 
lie sailwl on 1 Sept. 1824, travelled to Parity, 
where be mot the first Mrs. Hazlitt, talked 
to hercivillv, and sup]>lied her with money. 
He erossed ihi- Mnnt Cenis to Turin, visited 
I'lorence, where he saw \V. S, Landor, went 
to Home, and thence to Venice, returning by 
Milan and the Simplon to Switzerland, and 
spcndinir the summer of IHL'n at \'evey. H»'re 
he met .Medwin, who descrihtHl their conver- 

aons in ' t niser's Magazine' for March 

He reru'hed Knghind, by way of the 

RbinG and HolLand, on Iti Oct. 182o. He 

¥0L. XIV, 




wrote to his wife from England a fortnight 
after his return to ask when he shoulii fetch 
herhome. Sherepliedthat they had parted for 
ever. Ilaztilt'sson had been with them, and 
wwms to huvH made some jwiinted remarks to 
his fttepmother which precipitattnl this cata- 
strophe. 

liazUtt after tbisevent lived a solitary life, 
moving to furnished lodgings in Half Moon 
8treet, liouvcrie Street, and Frith Street, 
Soho. He published two collections of es- 
says containing some of his be*t work, tho 
'Spirit of the Age' (182o) and the * Plain 
Speaker' (1826). One of his moat remark- 
able performances was bis report of con- 
versations with Nortbcote, which appeared 
as 'Boswell Kedivivus' in ' On 1 burn's New 
Monthly Magaxino ' in 1820 and 1827. Pat- 
more says i^ii. '.^1] that Hazlitt was strictly 
accurate in reporting Northcote's aneoilotes, 
though workinglnhisiiwii reflations. Xorth- 
coI*i affected tu bi- furious when wum' of them 
gave oflenee to ihtpoiis whotn lie had men- 
tioned. They were, however, continued as be- 
fore with his perfect aci[Utescence (see COK- 
yiytJiiAU, Auwi./M^/'/»Hfprj»,vii. 107-1 IH). 
liesides other occasional writings, Hjizlitt de- 
voted himself to a ' Life of Xapole<in,' which 
he began at Wjnterslow Hut m 1827. His 
labour caused a breakdown of health. He had 
cherished an idolatrj' for his hero, singular in 
one who boovtefl of an uncompromising love 
of political liberty; but he regarded Napo- 
le<jii as representing antagonism to the doc- 
trine of the divine right of kings. The task 
was infelicitous. Asopposed to the prejudices 
of most English readers who had sympathi-^ed 
with Scott'slifeoftlie emperor ( 1827), it had 
littU; chance of pttpulnrity. But Hazlitt was 
also deviating frt)ro hifi proper career. I le had 
no historical knowle<1ge and made no pre- 
tence of research, reading chiefly the authors 
on his owni side of tho question. Neither 
serious nor sii|N*rficial readers could he satis- 
fied with the book, though somn pa-ttsagt-s 
have been much admired. The failure of bia 
publishers involved the lo«s of the iiOO/. upon 
which he had counted. His health had de- 
clined since his illness of 1827. Uarossed 
by such troubles be broke down under aa 
attack due to his old digestive weakness. 
Lamb came tu him, and JelTrey, to whom he 
had appealed for help, according to Talfonrd, 
in a too pemnptory letter, at once sent him 
oO/., which arrived ton late li> bt* recognised. 
He died 18 .Sept. iKitO at his lodgings in 
Frith Street. Hin last words were *\Vell, 
\'\*- had a happy life.' 

His Wrst wife died in l:?42-.'i; his brother 
Johndied at Sloekiwrt nn IG .May 1^17, and 
his sister Peggy in 1844. 



Head 



3»4 



Head 



.the Adminiatrmtions of Great Hritain.' In 

'l836 he was iLppointeil an asKiHtnnt poor-law 
eommis-iionHr ; Lcird Normanby was tirj^inl 
to pn)niote hini to l^t- a fitll L-<iminis(>tuiier, 
1)iit ttlirank frara iloln^ »o for parly rMii^oiitii. 
At length, in November 1H4I, Sir Jouie^ 
(»rahora, hnvrnfj satisfied liiniself o( IleadV 
fitucas, disrepiirdwl party con-iiderations and 
gave him thfnppointment (GrcvUtt- Mcmoirf, 
9nd 5or. ii. 60). An, article of his on ' Tho 
I^aw of SL'ttlr-ment ' was printed in the' Edin- 
burgh lloview,' ixxxvii. 4ol, and when the 
law of as&i-'ssmt'nt was amended in 18(15 was 
rnprinled and ciroiilfttcd by thf (jovemment. 
In (.U:t(>b<?r lH47 Loni C3rey ofieri'd liira thp 
governorshipuf New Hninfl wick, wiir(h.'l,0(X)/. 
a year, which Head accepted, and, havint? 
filled the past with much Bucce»», was ap- 
pointed, in September 1854, to the highofit 

joffico in the colonial eer^ice, tlic govemor- 

liffeneralabip of Canada. He risitod England 
in lS57,and was sworn in a privy councillor 
on 28 Aug., returninff to Cunudu at the end 
of tho year. In IHtJl he njtired, rvtnmwl 

r home in November, and in the followinf; year 
mis appointed a civil service rommisjf loner. 
Ho died (tuddi'iily of lifart dlwasMat liiw bouse 
in Kwloii Square on :f8 Jun. IWJS. Tlie liaro- 
netcy became extinct at hia death. Ticknor 
^aysofhim: 'llewasoneof the most accurate 
and aceomptisbed Rcholars I have ever known. 
. . . lie liad been a good de^l in Spain and 
could rejM'nl mon- jKM'try, Oreek, 1 jitin, Ger- 
raan, and Spanish than aaiy pere^on I ever 
knew.' He was a K.C.B.and u K.irS., and 
was made a D.C.L. of Oxford 'J July lMtJ'-». 
He fluccpeded his fathiT 88 eij^hth bfironet 
4 Jan. 1838, and married, in November of 
the same year, Anna Mariu, daughter of the 
Rev. John Yorke, bv wlioui he bad one son 
(1843-1859) and two daughters. 

Head edited a translation of Kugler's 
' HandlKiok of I'ainting nf the German, 
Tlutch, S][innish, and French Schnols/ and 
thinking the wfirk mi'agTely dime, he wrote 
a separate liandhook of tlione scbool}', pub- 
liKlicn in London, 1H48, I2m(i, and subae- 
quenlly republished as an additional volume 
to Kugler's handbook. He published in lH5(iu 
grammnt ical essay called * Shall and Will,'and 
annexed to the second edition in \iVtH two 
additional es-soys from tho * Philological Mu- 
seum.' 18?..^, and the 'Classical Musoum,' 1840. 
He was the author of the review of Come- 
wall Lewis's ' Dialogue on the best furm 
of Govemmenl ' in the ' Edinburgh Ileview,' 
No. 241, of 'The Sloirof VigaGlum.'tran*- 

I lated from the Icelandic, 1866, 8vo, and of a 
•volume of ballads and ixwrna collected from 

'•Fnwcr's Magazine/ and published in 18*^8 
after his death. 



[Ann. Reg. ) 8S6 ; Comewall Lewis's ^ 
pppfuct; Ticknor'v Life and Lottore; Focter'a 
Aluiuni Oxouieoses; Note»aiHi Qiicrioa, itb »cr.] 
i. 121. J80.] J. A. U. 

HEAD, Sib FUAXCTS R0N1> 079^-' 
lH7.>),roloMiMl govemtir and author, was son 
of Jiune.s Uoi>er Head of th** ilennitng**, 
Higham, Kent, by his wif^, thn <l:tughier| 
of tieorge Burgesa, and was voungur bnitlwr J 
of Sir (ieorgt; Head [q. v.] Tb-^ family origi-| 
nally were Portuguese Jew.s named Mend><^ 1 
one of whom. Dr. Ferdinundo Mtjidez, cam" 
to England as physician to Catherine of lira- 
ganzR. His grandson, Moses Mend«x, fxtk^l 
the surname of He-ad on marrying tho co-^| 
heirejwof the Hev. Sir Francis Head, hart., of 
I he Hermitage, Higham, and waj« grandfather 
of Francis Bund Head and<ietii>;e Headrq.v.l J 
Francis was bom at the HermiiAge in ii9^l 
educated at Hi^cheMer grammar school ari<ll 
the Royal Military Academy, \Voo]wich,an(lJ 
appointed secfmd lieutenant, royal engiueertyj 
nnl May and first lieutenant on I'iMty 1811.1 
He served in the Mediterranean, during whiclu 
time be appears to have bei-n qtiarteTcd iikl 
.Malta, made a survey of the island of Latw| 
wrote, Hutferi'd shipwreck ofl' Tripoli, and 
viRit«d Athene and Kome. He was in Bel- 
gium and France in 1815; was employed in 
surveying tho ground about Charleroi during 
the French advance on the evening of 10 Jun«| 
( Quart. liev. Isudi. 291 et seq.): waj» pre«entl 
at Waterloo; and commanded a division ot 
the pontoon -train in the march to Paris, lU 
was afterwards statione<l in ICdinburgh, an<l,1 
wai»engau'ed in hauling down the daugerouM 
mine, some of the walli* 130 feet high, left iitj 
Parliament Square after the great tires en 
1824 (Pnpfrx amn^rteil fdik Jivi/. Engineer*. 
new ser. IV. 58). In 1825 In: retired on half-H 
pay to accejit the post of manag<^r of the Kio 
Plata Mining A6.4tx;ialion, formed in Londoa 
in December 1824 to work the ffold and ailve 
mine.i of that region on the laitii of a ano 
i)osed concessinn from the government of In 
United Provinces of ].a Plata. Head, w ha 
waft to have 1,200/. a year for four years cer-l 
lain, arrived with a stflff nf Cornish miner 
and others, crossed the pampas, and visitc 
the gold mines of St. Lui.4 and the silve 
mine« of UsptiUnta. a thousand mile? irxyt 
Ihiunns Ayres, to find that tbey bad be«.*ii_ 
disposed of to rival compnnie;:, and that th»l 
government and the provincial aulhoritie 
were powerless to enforce the original con-1 
cession. Leaving his people at Mendoxa, hfl 
rt'tumodto Buenos Ayres, where he received, 
instructions from home to proree*! to Chili*: 
Kejaining bis party at Mendi^usa, he crose«fl| 
the Andes with them to Santiago, and tr 
versed about twelve hundred miles in dtf^ 



Head 



3^5 



Head 



terent direct ions, pro* [H-'cting minvsiintltlmw- 
I ing up a full report nn iiacli. Finding tlmt 
I none would repay wnrking witli European 

I labour, he rwrosaod tht? Cordillera, SKniii trii- 
mened tlie pampas, and, arriving at Buenos 
Ayres, pnid nfi' his (ifmian miners wnd re- 
' Inrncdwith tlK'Corni^limf*Ilt^KngIand. His 
directors, who by thi:* tinn; had RiK'nl iKJ.OOO/. 
of the wharehomer*' money, wtTf furiaua,aud 
blamed Head, whobe salary they attempted 
to withhold, iinsufcejisfiillv. Aft^T some loud 
talk, the lurkleM entt-rprij^e dieii a natural 
death. Head published his vorsion under the 
title "f ' Ht'port« ul* I hi- La Pliita Mining Aa- 
ttociation' (lyio'lon, 1827). Thy account of 
liia joumeya in .South America, which were 
inaue on horseback wit ha rapidity that gained 
him the name nf '(lalloping Head,' are de- 
scribed in his * Kf)ugh Notes of Journeys in 
the I'ampas and Andft*,* which has passed 
through several editions. For his exertions 
in attempting to get the laaw iutn>duce<i in 
the British cavalry, for purpopea of auxiliary 
-draught, he was promoted ni IH2S from half- 
pay of the engineers ti » a majority in the royal 
wagon train, whence he wu transfen-ed to 
the unattached list. A paper on the con- 
<lition of 8outh America, cent by Head to 
the Ihike of "Wellington, in inserted in ' Wel- 
1 ington Uijapatches, ( 'orresjiondence, &c.' ( vl. 
427-3*2). In lH«(t Head wrote n * Life of 
Bruce,' (he African traveller, furnimg one of 
the volumes of the ' Family Library'/ and in 
1834 appeared bis \te?i work, * Bubiiles from 
the Brunncns of Nassau, by an Old Man/ 
In 1834 he was appointed an aa^istant poor^ 
law conuuiMioner in Kent, and in November 
1836 was offered by Lord (ilenelg the iKist of 
lieutenant-governor of Upper Cnnadn. in nuc- 

I cession toSir John Cidborne, anerwarths Lord 
Beaton [q. v.], with the prttmific of a baronetcy. 
Buftd had no ctdonial experieuco, and waa 
opposed to the government in politics. Uo, 
accepted the poM, and Administered the affairs 
of Upper Canada with marked ability at a 
time of great difficulty, arising out of the 
bitterjealonsieftbetw^eenlheprovinces. With 
the loyal militia he quelled an insurrection 
-which br'tke out in 1837, and taught a ehnrp 
lewon to Kome Anierinin 'sympat hiwrs,' whose 
vessel, the ('Hroline,wu* lired and sent adrift, 
over the Falls («>.■ Annnnl Jit^ttfn, 1837-8, 

J under * Canada*). .V diiipute with the home 

^■sovernroent as to the restitution of a sus- 
^HEended otlieial led to bis sending in his resig- 
'^^nation on 10 Sept. W.\7. He waa relievwl 
in the following Junuarj- by Sir Oeorve 
Arthur [q.v.] i,ittrning fn^>m Sir John Ool- 
bnrne tluit an attempt would be made on his 
life if he procetnled by the Halifax route, he 
travelled direct through the Statca to New 



York, where he embarked unmolested and 
arrived in Kngland l-J April 18.'1S. He4td'»i 
narrative of affairs in Canada will l)e found 
noticefl in detail in the 'Quarterly Ifeview' 
(voU. Ixiii. Ixiv.), and diflers entirely from 
Lord Durham's account in the papers ou 
Canada laid before parliament. Thcoocfor- 
ward Hetui was chiefly known us u ' Quar- 
terly ' reviewer, and a clever and versatile, 
though wmetuiies inuccurate, writer on 
general subjects. 

Head was made a K.C.Il. in IBSTi, and 
created a baronet from II* July 1830. He 
had the A\'iiterliKi mednl nnd the I'ruFisian 
order of Military Merit. In lHt(7 ho was 
made a niemlKT of the privy eounril. He 
married, in 18111, his cousin, .Inliu Valenzu, 
daughter of the Hon. Hugh .Somervdle, and 
sister of Kenelm, seventeenth lord Somer- 
ville, bv ^vhoni he hnrl a daughter and thre» 
sons, the eldest of whom, Francis Soraer- 
ville, beimme second baronet. Head, an ac- 
tive, well-]>re8erved man, who njde straight 
to honnd<i uptoflevent v-Hve, died ut Ids reai- 
dence, iJuppas Hall, I'roydon, on 'IQ Jidy 
]H7r>, ugt^d 8:^. Ilis widow died on i^3 March 
1879. 

Besides minor works and two volumes of 
essays on the most varied topics, reprinted 
from the ' yunrterlv Heview,' he wrote: 
1. *The Emigrant,'' 1K4« (which, in the 
chapter bended 'The Hunted Hare,'d«s(riU8 
his return from Canada). 2.' Highwnvaand 
Dryways. the Britannia and Conwoy Tubu- 
lar Bridges,' 1849 (some of the slalemenia iu 
which, relating to the Britannia and Couway 
bridges, were cuntrudicted by the engineer, 
Thomas Fairbaini, immediately afterwards). 

3. '.Stokers and Pokers,' 1819* <a clear and 
effective sketch of the difliculties attending 
tJie con^itruction, maintenance, and work- 
ing of a great niilway (the North- Western). 

4. ' The l)efeuceleas 8tat() of Oreat Britain,' 
18'i0 (an alamuBt BS8aj8Uggejte<l by the ele- 
vation of 1^-inco Louis Napoleon t>t the ]N>st 
of president of the French republic). 6. 'A 
Fapffot of French Sticks/ 185*2. iS. ' A Fort- 
night in Ireland,' 18J53. 7. 'The Horse and 
his Itider.' I8fi0. 8. 'Comments on King- 

' luke'^ "History of the Crimean War,"' 180;t. 
9. 'The Royal >:ngineer,* 18«9. 10. 'Sketch 
of the Life of Sir J. M. Burgoj-ne/ lB7i?. 

[Biirkp's Baronetage. 1870; Quarterly Ret. 
Ixiii. 457-AOo, txiv. 47&-5u'J. Isxii. 2S1 et Mq., 
Ixxiviii. olU-M; Grevillu Memoire, 2nd oer. i. 
lflC-74 ; Timrs. 23 July 1876. Some of the da- 
tails given uLovfi are from iociduutd rt>f«reoces 
in Head'* writingv. A Imt of his works is given 
.| in I he Brit.Mos.t'st. of Printed Boolu.and mmo 
Itfitrrs on hunting matlan ara publiahod in tho 
Hist, of th« rytchloy Huut.J H. M. C. 



Head 



326 



Head 



HEAD, Sib GEORGE (I7H2-ie6fi). 
fleputy knigbt-marshnl, elder brother of Sir 
Francis Bond Head [q. v.], was bom at the 
Hermitaf«« in the naruih nf Llij^ham, Kont, 
in i782, but there ib no entry of bis baptism 
in Iligbam puritth register. I lewoa educated 
ftt th** t'linrU'rhouse. In IHOH he became a 
cuptain in tlie Wt-At KiMit militia, then at 
\V oodbridjje, 8uffi>llt, but in the foUowinjf 
year joined the Itritiah armv at Lifibou as a 
clerk in the eommi&sariat. Lie served during 
theremaindurof the Peninsular war, following 
the army to the fields of Vitloria, N ivcUe, and 
Toulouse, and lo the actions in the Pyrenees. 
Ite was promoted to be deputv-aasist^Qt com- 
raiasary -general in 1811, an^ aasi^tant com- 
mieMu^-gpnpral on 25 Dec. 1814. From May 
1813 ho was in charge of the commissariat 
of the Srtl division of the Spanish jirmy under 
Sir Thomas Picton, eoncemiiif^ whom he has 
recorded many interesting particulars in 
the 'Memoirs of an Assistant Commissury- 
GeneraJ.* Ueturninp to England in August 
1814, be was on the following 1!H Oct. ordered 
to proceed to Halifax, Nova St'Otia; thence 
ha went to Quebt^^, and wuk uftorwards cm- 
ployed on iJiika Huron. In ten munths he 
came back to England, and after a year's 
holiday returned to Halifax, where he n^- 
mained five yeunt on the peiu'e ej^tabliRh- 
raent. Substniuenlly he served in Irehind, 
anil in 1823 was plawid on half-pay. In 
1829he published hisl'unadiun reminiscences 
under the title of ' Forest Scenery and Inci- 
dents in the Wilds of North AracricA.* At 
the contniilion of Wi11i»m IV be acted, as 
deputy knight-marahal, and for his aervices 
on that ocea>iion wa-t knighted on i'2 Oct. 
ISIil. At a later period ho became deputy 
knight-manthnUoQueen Victoria. He gained 
considerable repute for two works entitled 
* A Home Tour thrnugh the Manufacturing 
District.!* of England in the Summer of IH.H0,' 
and 'A Home Tour throtiph viiriouH jjartsoi 
the United Kingdom in I&;i7,withan Appen- 
dix, being Memoirs of an Assistant Commis- 
sary-General,' both works being reprinted in 
one volume in 18-tO. In 184^ he publixlxHl 
in tlir*;e voIumr« * Korae, a Tour of Many 
UavB,' and he afterwnnis tmnslated ' The 
.Metamorrihosesof Apuleiua/ 18r)l,and * Hitn- 
torical Memoirs of Cardinal H. Pacca,' IHJM), 
in two volumes. Tnthe '(Quarterly Review' 
lie was a frequent contributor. Ho was a 
popular outhor, and had much of the graphic 
power of description posaewed by his brother. 
lie died in Cockspur Street, Charing Cro««!, 
London, on 2 May 1865, unmarried. 

(Oant. Mng. ISAd, ii. 97-8 ; Annual R«gi-ter. 
)8d6,pp. 271-2; Hiinlwicke's Annual Bogrnphy, 
J8aC, p.87.] G. C.B, 



HEAD, (JU V (rf. l8rK}>. painU-r, w»* »ur» 
of a houM-painler at C-arlisle, learnt drawioi; 
under Captain John Bernard Gilpin, and evcD- 
t ually entered ait a student at t be Royal Ac»* 
demy. His work wa* noticed by Sir Josboa 
Keynolds. In 1779 he exhibited a portrait 
of a gentleman at the K4>yal Academy, and 
another in I7H0. In the latter year Be also 
sent to the exhibition of the Society of Art- 
JBta at Spring Gardens a i>aiiitiag of • The 
Fire ai Loudon bridge \\'atcrwork» ' and two 

SoriraitP. In 17f!?l ho sent to thoUoval Aca- 
cmy a landscape with the story of * Euron*,' 
and a portrait of Henderson the actor as *ni- 
chard lU.' ^Vith the help of a friend and 
introductions from Keynolds, Head went t» 
Italy, and resided for some Tears at Komf. 
He wasa skilful cojiyist. and bis copies of the 
works of Correggio, Titian, and olliers were 
much commended. Some large copies of Hu- 
bens's pictures at Antwerp are in the Koyal 
Academy. He also painted, besides portraits, 
classical subjectsof a decorative nature. At 
the revolutionary outbreak in 1798 be re- 
turned to England, with a large coUcctinn 
of drawings, co]>iee, &c., which be intend*^-, 
to exhibit, hut died suddenly in LfOndon aiu 
Iti Dec. 1800. His works were sold by au&-^ 
tion in 1805, but his reputation did not (ra> 
Tive his death. Two pictures of * Echo' and 
* Iri« ' were engraved after btm by J, Folo i 
1814, fljid a horse's head by C. Turner. 

rRedgrnve's Diet, of Artist* ; SogoierV Die 
of Painters ; Notes and Qaerier. ftth aer. xi. i'H 
437; Catalogues of the Uoyal Aaulemy, ftc] 

UC. 

HEAD, RICH.UUJ (1837 ?-1686 P), ati 
thor, wn.s born in Irelan<l about 1637. Th 
opening chfipters of his * English Rogue ' ar 
proved by ctimparison with his friend \\"in 
Stanley's account of his early life to l»e base 
on hid own career. Me thus IcAm tlmt hi^ 
father, a graduate of Oxford (|K>rha]vs Join 
Head. B.A. New Inn Hall, I628(, aft« 
making a rnnawiiy match, became a nob 
manV chaplain ; travelled with his patroD 1 
In-land; settled at KnockfiTgusii.o.Carricll 
fergus), and was murdered In- the Irish 
belfl in 1(>4L Head, then aged four, escap* 
I with his mother, after fearful suflerinp*. 1 
Belfast; was carried to Plymouth; attendQ 
the grammar whoid of Hridport. DorsetshirdI 
and WAS admitted atOxford to the same coT 
lege as that whence hit; father graduated 
Jiut be soon left the university to UM-om< 
apprentice to u I>utin bookseller in LondoaJ 
1 lo wrote a pttem called * Venus' Cabinet Ui*^ 
lock'd ' (not known lo be extant, althongfc 
Ixtwndes describee it as ' I^nd. n.d. 12mo'j 
married, and opened a bookshop on hiB ov 



Head 



327 



Head 



eti 

I 






account in Little Britain, but took to gam- 
bling, and in 8trait«.-ued circumstances retired 
to Dublin. There he wrote a comedy, ' Hie 
etUbique.or the Humotirti of Dublin,' which 

'as * ttct-wl privately with great applauw'.' 
HeadV rtttum to T^ondon in ](if>>'{, he 

iutud it (4ti)),with a dedication toCUarkti, 
[okeofMonuiuuih. Talunf^u house in Queen's 

cad Alley, lu-ur Pat'tirnu^t^r How, he Bgain 
uttumpttid biisincas as a bookseller, but was 
onco more ruined by Losses at play, and from 
1064 onwards made what Itvol ihood he could 
by ' scribbling' for the book8*'llerM 'at IfO*. 
per sheet.' Ilifiindelicai-y pleai»ed the public. 
but he led a wild and di^'^ipated lift?, anil 
Huflered ' mnny crosses and altlictiont>.' He 
was drowned, according toWinslunIcv,aboul 
UlHtJ, whilw crossing Ut tho IhIc of Wight. 
-Xubrey datei* hi.s deiitli wilh less pmbabilily 
icn years earlier, and puva ho wii« drowned 
'ffoingto Plymouth by long scs.' Aubrey 
adds thst he 'bad been among the gJiwies,' 
' Inuked like u knave with Ills goggling ••yw*,' 

id * could t ransfurm himself into onv sbaiie.* 

Head is chiefly known us the autliur of a 
itended autobiography of a professional 
thief, entitled ' The English Ilogus, described 
in the life of Meriton I^troou, a witty ex- 
travagant, Iwing a cninpleal hi»!tory of ihc 
most Eminent Cheats of both Sexes.' The 
book is full of indecent episodes, but many 
of the hero's adventures are racily told. It 
i^ipears that when the manuscript was first 
presented to the censors of the press, license 
was n^fused on the ground of its indwwncy, 
iind that it wsm first di(ilrihuteil secn4lyHnd 
wld largely aMafurbiddcii book(ef. Kikkkak, 
IV'-f. to ItiM/ii^, pt. ii.) \Vinstanh>y states 
thatnftf'-rwanU the author "was fnin t^ rfrfinc 
kt, and then it passed «tomp.* If, aa mtemn 
probable, the extant edtltons, with their 
coarse language and episode, present the ex- 
purgated version. Head's original draft must 
Lave been singularly disn-putable. The ori- 
ginal work was publiHhed hy Henry Marsh 
in an octa%'o volume in lfJ4r>, with u portrait 
iif the author, and in the following year wan 
reissued by Frauciii Ktrkman the bookseller 
[q.v.] Wood's Btory that Head was for a lime 
in portncrsliip with Klrkman ii disproved 
by the lattcr's statement that be was only 
■cqaaintwl wilh him as the author of the 
*Rogae' (it.) In spite of ita jKipularitT, 
Kinnun applied in vain to Head to write 
A Moond part. His rogue's adventunw, be 
eonpiained, were regarded as episodes in his 
own life. Another writer, Raid to be Gerard 

ngbainr, promised to lake up the work, 

it he, loo, ultimately d*v:Uned to risk his 
utation. Kirkmaii himself thereupon 
ite a aeoond part, whirh was licensed fur 




the press on 22 Feb. I WW, but no earlier 
edition thanthatof ItSTI ha^ been met with. 
In 1671, also, third and fourth parts were 
tssue<l, with a promise of a fifth part. The 
fourj>arlt(weren'puhli.shed uniformly in 1680. 
An ahridgmt-ni o( the lirsi jmrt, pr»'part»d by 
Head, jipjkuired in ItiTi) (l2mo), and was re- 
issued in lOHH. .V 'fifth part' is spptMided 
to an abridgment of the whole, iiiflued at Oos- 
port in Uii^. Tliis pan only consists of a 
few pages, and is not known in an extended 
form. The early editions arc all scftrco. A 
reprint of the urigintil four parts was issued 
in 1874 in 4 voIh. 8vo. Kirkman asserted 
that for the third and fourth parts Hea<l 
and himflelf were equally rvsponsible, and 
the preface to the fourth part is signed by 
both of them. Rut He»a exprejwly denies 
in his 'Proteus Hedivivun, or tlie Art of 
Wheedling or Insinuation' (l^ondon, 167A, 
8vo ; with additions, 1IjH4, ll'mo), that lie 
WB« concerned in any part but the first. 
He says tlial lie intended to complete the 
' Hogue/ hut ' t»eeing the cuntinuator hath 
already added three parts to the former, and 
n«!ver, aft fur as I can iw4f, will make an end 
of pestering the world wilh more volumes 
and largo (^ditions, I divi-rtod my attention 
to the subject of the art of whci'dling.' Heail 
describes himself on the title-ptige of hia 
* ProteuHr'aawcU as on that of a aimilar com- 
pilation, * The Mifis Difiplay'd, with all her 
Wheedling Ariti and Circumvent ions' (Lond. 
1076, Hvo, hodl., ae*_' No. 7 btdow), merely 
as 'author of the Kinti Part of the KngHsli 
Itogue.' He relumed to the subjtHrl of Ihieves' 

f radices in his 'Canting Arailfmy, or the 
^evil's Cabinet opened. Wh<-rein is shewn 
themvfiteriouaand viltanniis Practices of that 
wicked crew commonly Itnown by the name 
of Hectors, Trapannori*, Gilt*, etc., to which 
i» added a compleat Canting HJctionaiy , . . 
withsMveral new Catches, Songs, etc.'(lxmd. 
1673, l:>mo; and reissued as "The Canting 
Academy, or Villanie* l)ip*cuvered * (1674, 
12nio). The 'Canting Dictionary' is bor- 
rowed from earlier works [w* HiKJ(4;r,TH» 
M&s]. and much of it hod already appeared 
in ' The English JCogue,* pt, i. chap. v. 

Head's oilier worlw are : 1 . * The itod SflA, 
a Description of the Sea-fight between Um 
Kngliith and Dutch, with an Klegy OD Sir 
f.'. Minn<*V London. DWO, fid. (Iti.ias, OiL) 
*J, * AI-man-«ir. or Khodomontado* of the 
most Horrible, T*«rribli'. and Invincible Cap- 
tain, Sir Fnsderic Ughtall,' Ixindon. 167^, 
8vo, with front iApiecc llAiWjnm). Ii. 'Ths 
Moating Ivlaml, or a New Discovery, rela- 
ting the strange Advent ur*- on n late Voy- 
Bgi? from f^mbethana to Villa Fmnca, alisa 
lUmallia to the eastwani of T*rrra del Timi- 



Headda 



3:»8 



Head ley 



plo ... by Fruiu'is Cjin-It^as, one of the Dla- 
t'Overnrfl/Lnndou, l()~;l.4io(Boill-) 4.*Newa 
(mm the Stora by Jlerit:<m l,atrnon.' 1073, 
l-'aio(LowNDE.'*). r>.* WVsternWonder.or O, 
|Irazile,an [iirhaiiti-(] Inland (UH^(>vt;r^,with 
n Dftjtcription of R pliiee Cfilled Montt'caper- 
iiio»* London, U)74, llo. Lowndtis mentioDfl 
an ediiion of lti7o entitled, ' O Brazil, or the 
Inohant-edUIund.' G.'JackrionVliecaiitalion, 
or the Lift* and DeAth (>f thp notorious High- 
wayninn now tian^in^f in chains at 1Ijiid{>- 
Mujid,' I/Dudon, U174 (Hodleian). 7. 'Life 
Atid Ut'afhof MotherSlji^iton,' I^ondun, 1077, 
4to (llrit, MuB.), Ift^, 16S7, and often re- 
printt^d. H. ' Mndam\A'heedli', or the Fushiou- 
able Slit** I>istTovfrt'd,' Ixiudon, 1078, Svo 
< LoWNDtw^, T).j*.5ibly a later edition of * The 
AlisB Display d ' uifiitioiiL'd ahovi-. D. ' Xll^TL• 
VenaliM, or a C'omphii.-iaiil ('om[mnioii, U-ing 
new Ji«8l^doin«''ttiek nnrl foreign, Itnlb.Hho- 
domonlAdoM. |doaMint KtivfU, nnd MiRL'olla- 
iiltw,' the third e<lilion curructt.'d, X^ctndon, 
llI8)i, rjuio (Brit. Mu8. ) NuearliiT edition 
tHti'ins known. It U qu auiusin^ but coarse 
collection of stories, for the most part old. 
M'instanley and Wood aUo ascribe to Head 
A pamphlet ^not othfrwic^.; knowni) said to 
Ix^ cntith^l • Mnonshine,' London, lli72, writ- 
ten in reply to K-diert ^S'ild'a 'Letter to Mr. 
J. J. upon Ilia Miijv^ty's Declaration for Li- 
berty of Cori8ei<*nc«' ( l(i7:J). 

[WinBtanlov'H Lives of the uiust fnmoos Eng- 
lish Foots, 1689. pp. 207-10; VVual'* Atlieon' 
Oxoo. iii. 1196 (ijiiK'curjLto) ; Aubruy'* Lives ia 
LeUfra from Eminent I'erKons, 1813, ii. i'AU; 
Hiulilt's Iliuidlxiuk nntl Hibli'jjrraphical ('rtllw- 
linuHi Unlkutt nnd Liiiiiu'tt llicl. of P«riidutiy- 
raouB and Anonymciiii Lit. ; Itnt. Mui^. Cut., 
which L'numeratfs Vt»n- fcw of Head's looks.] 

S. L. L. 

HEADDA, Saikt. [See Hkddi.] 

HEADLAM, THOMAS KMEUSOX 
(1813-1875), jndfi'? advocatt^general, eldest 
Don of John Ueadlam, arehdescon of Uich- 
tnond and rector uf WycUtr.-, Yorkshire, who 
wos buried there on May l8o3, ajLjed &'t, 
by Maria, daughter of tht- (lev. Thomas W. 
Morley of Clapham, was bom at Wycliffe 
rectory, and bapti^^'il on '20 June I8L!. He 
was educated at $iirew>;bury sclmol and at 
Trinity CollP|fe, Cambridge, wht^rti he bucAine 
fiixteenth wrangler and li.A. 1S36, and M.A. 
1833. He was called to the bar at the Inner 
Temple on 3 May I8:j1^ and practised as an 
erjuity drau|;htanian and conveyancer, (piing 
the northern circuit and attending the North 
llidingfcssions. A ftero contest he woaelected 
a tnembnr of parliutnent in the llU'ral inte- 
rest for Newcabtle-njmti-Tyiie lui IK) July 
1847, and sat for that town until the disido- 
iutioa in 1874. During liis political career 



■ 11*' 

aa4 
rirdH 

of: I 



htii carried through the Hou^cuf Cunmutnstlar 
Trustee Act, 5 Aug-, 1S50. In 1851 hewa* 
appointed a Cj.C, in the same year & benrluT 
of bia inn, in i860 reader, and in 18(17 trea- 
surer. ll(f wa.s a magi-^trat^r and depiitr- 
lieutenant for the North liidin^of Vork^^ljin 
and for Northumberland, and in l.<o4 b» t'.imr- 
obanoellor nf the dioceses of Ilipon nnd of 1 Jui>^| 
ham. Ue was judge adTocatc-geoeral fruaV 
June 1859till July I&Mj. and on 18 June ui 
the former year was f^zetted a priv>' coun- 
cilh>r. After his relirement frum parlis 
menlary life his health gradually failed. aa4 
on liiit way lo winter in a sautherlv chnials, 
hedied nt Calais on S Detr. ]ft7A. He marrird. 
at llicbmond, Yorkshire, on 1 Aujf. 1B.> 
KUen I'ercivul, eldest daughter of 'I'lioniu. 
Van 8traubenzec, major in the royal artil- 
lerv. 

fleadlom was the author or editor of: 
1. * Tlie Practice of the High Gmrt of 
Chancerj*, bv K. U. Daniell.' 2nd edition with 
addition*!, 1845; 3rd edition, 1857. 2. ' 
Speech on Limited Ijtahility in Joint-St 
Banks," It^O. a 'The Trustee Act. 13 ai: 
14 Viet. c. liO,' iHoO; 2nd edition, lSo2; 
ediiion, 1855. 4. • rieadinpa and Prmctio*- 
the High Court of Chancery, by E. H. Daniell,* 
2nd edition, 1851. 5. ' A 'Supplement 
DnnieirsChnncery Practice,' If^l. 6. *~ 
New C'hnncerv Acts, 15 and ItJ Vict. c. 
8U. and S"/ ito. 

[Timis, n £>er. 1875, p. 9 ; LawTiuira, II 
1876, p. 1 14 ; IlluNfrntwl I/jmlon News, It 
187&, p. ^^0, aud :'6 Dec. p. 6'JU. vitbp^irtraibi 

G. C. B. 

HEADLEY, Hl':NUY(17fin-17K8)M. 
and criti*', laiptisi-d nt Irsli'n<I, Ni>riol 
27 Ajiril 17tl5. was only son of Henry Hi 
ley, rector of ibflt parii^h to 1768, and 
vicar of North \VaUhain to his death 
6 Oct. 1785, at the ape of fifty-seven. 
raothtT, Mury Anne Barebard, married ( 
2] Sept. 1760), after her iirat husband 
death, Anthony Tuvlor uf Corleftlon, Gra 
Yarmouth, au'd died 13 Oct. 1818, in h 
eighty-sixth year. Hi-adley was one of 
Parr's pupils at Colehesler school, and wei 
with him lo Xorwieh. At thn former 
hiMVftft idh'.aml ol Norwich Parr was at fii 
iuelirit'd tn dismiss him on that ^n^iund, but 
tlmtugh his father's jiersuasion was inducnl 
to^'ive him another trial, and the cxperunent 
*8ucceedo<i speedily and amply. HedisplayRd^ 
taste, heaeiiuiredlearniiiir.nccomposedwelL^I 
On 14 Jan. 1782 be was admitted a cornel 
raoner of Trinity College, Oxford, under the 
tuition of tlie Rev. Clinrle'* JeHWjand on tlin 
fylk^wing 27 May (Trinity Monday) was 
electetl scholar. Bowles, tbejfoet, and Wil- 
liam BenwcU [f]. v.], a man of Uterarv taB< 



329 



were also wrholftrs, ami Wcanit* Ills fri«!iiJ«. 
Tlinrntis Wartiin was llien a ft'Ilow of this 
college, antl Hea»llt\v, who was "poetical 
fniiu top to toe,' at once {vW under Warton* 
jntlucncu. During' hi» viirulion visits Troin 
Hx ford to bis frifHilH in Norfolk hi> fell in 
Invt* with a licaiitif'ul woman, rt-ferrcd to in 
his poenu aj» Myra. hut tlioircnminon friimds 
ihoupUt the atitu^hment indiscivt't, and flhu 
was prevailed u]>nn to marry a rival. The 
<1eath of his lat h'*r freed hiui from all rfstmiiit . 
He (]uitted Oxford in 1786, it is said in an 
ajrony of di«ap[«oin1inent. and without uny 
cummnnicalinn with his friendf". lie was 
then, it appear'*, privately married to an- 
^it her lady, and wiilidrew to Matlock, He 
rt!tumed to thf university to take his def?ree 
of B.A., i« May ITHJ, *and introduced to 
Ilia frieuds. fmyfi Iteloe, ' his wife, hut fiiich 
II wife ! Who che was, when^ he found her, 
why he married her. are matters which, if 
known at all, can only be bo to a verj* few.' 
Ilia next residence was at Norwich, where 
he occupied himi^tfwitb the study of the old 
Knglidh jKicti*. hut he had been delicate from 
liU yuuili, ami tV*ll a victim to cun«umpiiou. 
Ue went alone In Lisbon iu May 17^8 in the 
hope of improvinff hia health. Through a 
letter of recommendation from \Vindbam he 
was admitted into the house of )[. de Nismo 
■t Cintra, but h'n^ strength declined. In 
Aufrust he determined upon returning to 
Norwich, and after two months of much 
snfferinR die<I on 15 >"ov. 1788, being^ buried 
at North WaUham on 20 Nov. near his 
parents and two sisters. An elegant inscrip- 
tion, composed, at the widow's request, by 
Ileiiwell, tora monument to his memorv', witc 
lirst made public by Kelt in 17iK>. His 
wi<low marrieil again; accordincr to Beloe, 
not without shume, and soon died. 

Ileadley published iinonymously in I7?*5 
a volume of * Fugitive Pieces,' all of which 
were written at llio age of nineteen, and 
most of which had previously appeared in 
print. ITaey were reiwiueJ with additions 
in 178<J an * I''»emft and other I'iece* by 
Henry Headley.'and the book was inftcrihwl 
to Or. I* — r [I'arr\ Those [Kwrnn w»f^• sub- 
Kcquently included in Davenport's ' Dritisb 
Poetfl,' vol. lixiii.. and in Park's ' Poetg,' 
vol. xli. They were marked by taste and 
feMing, and, considering their doTc. by an 
imuaual appreciation of nature. The work, 
whieh pn.-jervcs his name, i;* entitled *St*lect 
Ifenuties of Ancient Knglish Poetry. With 
Itemarks,' 1787, 2 void., a aecond edition of 
which, with a biographiiiil ."ketch by hin 
friend the Hev. Hfiirv Kett, of his own aA- 

e, appeared in iHlO. Jt waa dedicated to 
friend Windham, at once became popu- 



lar, and, until the reprint, was ' exceedin^jly 
warcc' It was Ileudley'i; intention to have 
publUhed two more vohime^s of aelecliotis, 
and to hare edited the more valuable poemut 
of lioherl Southwell, but death prevenle<! 
the fultilmentof (he^ designs. * The Critical 
l^marks of the lute Henry Headley,' which 
were added to an edition of Phineaa Fletcher's 
* Purple I*land' in 1816, were men^ extracts 
from the 'Select Beauties.' Ht-udley's wlec- 
tions and notes show a refined tflsteaiid much 
knowlwige of English poetry, but the infor- 
mation in the * Memoirs' is rather meagre. A 
writer in 'lilack wood's Magnzine.'xvxviii. 677 
(18.'iCj, drawii attention to the wholesale pla- 
ffiarisms from bid notes and cntict^tmsin An- 
derwn'a ' (.^rtllection of the Poets.' To tbo 
' Olla Podrida ' of Monro, an intimate frienil 
at schooland college, Ileadlev contributed the 
sixteenth numWr on the unrelieved horrors 
depicted by the authors of modem tragt^ies, 
and he is said to have been one of the writem 
in ' The Lounger's Miscellany, or the Lucu- 
brations of Abel Slug, ICs4i.,' winch ran to 
twenty numWrs in 17^8 ami 1789. Under 
the difiguise of ' C T. ().' hi- furnished the 
following articles in the* Gentleman's Maga- 
zine,* viz. 'IVx'ticul ImitBttonii in Alilton,' 
178<j, pt, i, pp. l;U-G; * PoiM?, Crafihaw,' jip. 
^10-13; 'ObscnrationsonMilloH and others,* 
pp. 4K0-8 ; 'Poetry of Quarle*,' pi. ii. pp. 
CtJti-7, 926-8; ' Parallel Possoges,' pp. 7ii'J 
7'Sil ; * Pennant's 55oolt>gy Considered,' pp. 
838-10; 'Iton-mot of l>r. llentley,' 1787, 
pt. i. p. l2o; • Uemarks on Milton, Drarton, 
&c.,' pt. ii. pp. 1080-2. Keloe prints (Se^ra- 
t/mftrintif i. 17S>, ii. M35-irj> a Bong not in- 
cluded in Heudlev's works and an essay on 
the character of Timon of .Athens. Tlie au- 
thenticitv of some lines said to have been 
written hy him in his illnesi* (fJmt. Moy. 
17>*9, pt. ii. p. 040) was denied by his friend 
B<'nwell {lb. ]i. (J7i)). A few letters from 
him to John Niehols ure printed in the 'II- 
liuitrationsof Literature,' iv. 74/i 0. A poem 
to hia memory by Ikiwles, and an inscription 
for his tombstone by another corr*«pond»'nt, 
were insert fd in the ' (icntleman's Msgaxine,' 
1788, pt. ii. p. llU4, and aome lines by Kett 
appeared in tueaamtt periodical for 1789, nt.i. 
p. ( 5. The lormer waa included in BowW'a 
'Sonnets and other Poems/ was renroduoed 
in the* OcDtleman's Marine,' 17lH.pt. ii.p. 
(Wfl, and was prefixed, wit h t h<' lines by Kct I . 
to the reissue of Headley's' Select Beauttea.' 
His friends dwelt on the charm of his so- 
ciety and his cheerfulness during his declin- 
ing days. Ileloe, who had known him Mn 
bnyi-h day?, nnd witnewwdtheearliefit dawn- 
mg of his genius/ payi a tribute of unuaual 
warmth to his memory, . 



[Oent. Mag. I7KR pt. it. p. 1033, 1789 pi. ii. 
{). 9^3; Nichula'sIUustr.of I.it.T.310; Nicbols's 
lit. AnMxl. Tiii. 167-8. ix. 2H, 40; Jnhostonc'a 
Parr. i. 163-^; McMs Pnrr.ii. 413-15; Philliiw's 
Thantruni Pootarum, cil. Brrtlgcs (IBOO). pp. 
Ixx-i; British CntJc. xxxv. 481-6 (181«); 1*'*»- 
ter'u Almniii Oxon.; Betoe's S^xagenariftn, i. 
172-9 i Kett'H Mcntuir of Hcadley : pAlmrr's 
Perl iiirtTnt ion of (ire«t Ynrmnntb, it. bO, iil. 58.1 

W. P. C. 

HEALD, JAMES (1799-1873), philiin- 
thr*jpiet, wrcond t^on of Jniaes llcold of Brin- 
nington ami Disli'V.Chf'shire. mrrchant, waa 
ham on 1 Murcb ITl") at Portwuod, near 
Utockport, wa« L'ducuted nt Kochdule, and 
L'tit^rvd Iii8 fntliLTB business. His parents 
Ix'lonRed to the WsBlpyan l>odv, but he con- 
lomplnled lakin^ ordt-rs in tlu* rhiirch of 
Kngmiul, niid n^lintpiished Win work in order 
lo fiUily for Umt irnqKisi*. By tho influence 
of lui nncle, however, he n'joineJ the Wo&- 
leyaitfl, und continued for a time a partner 
with bifl father. He became very wealthy, 
and in lH2."i he removed to Parr'* W<M>d, 
iiunr Muiichea1<T, where lie resiJL-d until his 
de^ilb. In tho luttcr ]iart of hid life he wns 
not actively ciiyiijjed in busirieiMi, but preatly 
awioted in thu rceonftt ruction of the Miin- 
ehester and J/iVf-rpool Dihlrict Bank, und 
was K shareholrli^r in many Muuchcfller enm- 
panioK. At the (jeneml oleeiion of 1847 he 
wa« returned in the connervative intarest for 
Stfwkpori, hia coUeafrue beinff Uichard Cob- 
den. AAcr declaring himself in favour of 
free trade, ho waa unaeatcd in 1852, llrald 
wu extremely chftritable. He rontributed 
largely towards various Wesley an insl i- 
rutioriH, he wiw treasurer of the Wealuyaii 
Miawionary SiX-iely, and the most proiuinenl 
layman in the c<innexion. He frequently 
preached. In Stockport the infirmary, of 
which he was treiipurer at the time of his 
death, was founded and largely maintained 
by him. 

Deftld died unmarried at Parr's Wood on 
26 (Jet. ]87y, and was buried in (he church- 
yard at L'liapel-en-le-Frith in l>erbyshire. 
8ir Joecjdi Nnpier, the lawyer, dewribed his 
c]uLract<iTasaran'conibinriMiinof i^vangelical 
eamealnesH und wist; moderation. 

[Methodist Itecordnr, 14 Nov. 1873; Mnn- 
fhmtvr Kxaminer, 29 Oct. 1873 ; Wtilford's 
CoDDty Familirs.] W. A. J. A. 

HEALD. WILLIAM MAR<;KTS<JN 
(17e7-I837J, divine, bom ot Dewahnry Moor, 
Yorkshire, in 1767, waa educated Kt Batley 
grammar school: attended medical lectures 
in Edinburgh and in Ixindon; joined the 
class of John Hunt ex during the Wt counte 
<ff lectures given by bim; commenced prac- 



tice as a surgeon and apotbecurr at Walt^ 
field, hut soon abandoned thenrofr-Minn. Wt- 
wa8 admitted nKizarof (/athorine Hall, Caia- 
bridg*!, on :i July 1 790, and Iw-c-anio prnKionfr 
on o Nov. 1791 {('olii»/e Adinisst't/n Jirrjif'-r 
He graduated B.A. in 1794 and M.A.in I : - 
After taking holy orUera be ws« curatv wv 
ceseively at l(alsham, Cambridgeshire, when 
hotookpiipils, and about 1798 at BirfUl,iMar 
Leeds. From l«01 to l83d he wuTior^T 
Birstal, and on hU resignation (June 18SK) 
the Archbishop of York jir^wmted the bene- 
fice to bis mix, William AlargetMiu He&ld. 
He died in January 1837 l^frmi. May. ne* 
stT. vii. 4.V>). 

Whili! he was studying medicine at 1: 1 t 
burgh, Heald publiabiKl a mock heroic \> - 1- 
in six cantos, called 'The Brunoniatl,' 4:o, 
London (ef. Vritical Hev. February 1790. 
Ixix. Inl ;J). It gives a humorous accoiu-i 
of the mi^dical contests which the eco u > 
cities of Dr. John Urown ( 17itr>-17'>8)[4. v^ 
occasioned. At the tiiiit* lleuld was ev 
dently n friend of the Bnmouiuu »Y^em. 

(11. V. Taylor's Blographia Leodicusls. 
3«fl.7.1 * Q.QV 

HEALDE, THOMAS, M.D. (1724?^ 

17Hl>), physician, Umi about 1754 at 
Iwunie, Iterbvshirf. WHS the son of Itnb 
Heuldeof Norwich. On 19 June 1742 
wiw admitted a sub-«izar of Trinity CoUe_ 
('amhrid(re, and proceeded M.B. in 1749 an 
.M.I), in 17>'54 {CoUf'/e Athnierion }iook\ 
comnienc)-*! practice at Witbum, f 
admittcil a ciLndidate of the Ko^ :■ ! 

P!ivi4ieian« on '2'2 Doc. K.W, and « 

2l> "Dec. 17tW. In 17t>.S he deliveri>d tb« K\m 
stouian lectures, and in 17(!o the Harveu 
oration, which was printed during the i 
year. He removed to ]<oudou in 17tJ7, ' 
censor in \7i^^) and 1771, Croon ion leclu 
in 1770, 17K4,]7K{i,andl78<i, and was Lti 
leian lecturer from 22 Dec. 1784t until fafl 
death. He was electtnl physlcinn to tfa 
London Uoppital on 20 June 1770, F.K 
the next day (Thomson, ]li$t. of Uoynl Sa 
.\p. iv. p. liii), and in 1771 Oreaham prufi**a 
i»t physic (7?'>t/i/ A*fi/«jrfrtrs). Healdt? dia 
oil 20 March 1789, leaving his widow antf 
family destitute. Tho college voted UK)/, f^'f 
their relief at the conu'tia uuijotn of 25 June 
following. Mrs. llealde for many years octul 
as a midwife. He-aide was the author of: 
1. 'The Use of Oleum Asphalt i,' Bvo, Lon- 
don, 1709. 2. 'The New Pharmacopoia of 
tho Boyal College of Physiciaoa, tmn«lalc " 
with Notes,' Svo, Londou, 1788 (another « 
tion. 1793). 

[MuDk's Col), of Phyii. IR78, ii. 231-Zl 



HEAUE, WILLIAM <1581? m27), di- 
vine, waa u native of .Sr.iuth Ileal in the 
county of I>evon, where he waa bom about 
1581. (>ii 14 .March IGOO he wud admitteil 
as B communtT at ICx<'ter College, Oxford, 
and iLtinci! ifrudunted H.A. HiOI^, and M.A. 
(Broadgatett Ifiill) IfifKJ. SubRi-queiilly he 
eotered into holy onlers, and was a{i|iointod 
chaplain-feliow of Kxetor L'olli-i^e 22 Aui;. 
1606, but waa expelled 7 May IfilO for ab- 
sence. He then became vicar of Bisliop's 
Tcigiilon 1 Dec. UllO, and died early in 1027 
(Oliver, JCrri. Anfitf. />w«. i. 12J). He 
published 'An Apolt>gie for Women, or An 
Oppoeition to Mr. Doctor U[aper] his asser- 
tion, who held in the Act nt Oxiortle Anno 
IfiOH that it wait lawfull for huflbandfl to bpftt 
their wivcfl,' printed by JoAcph RarncR at 
Oxford in 1009 [see "riAOKB, Willum], 
Wood Eutys of Heale that * ho waa always 
(Mteemedan ingenious man. but weak as being 
too much devoted to the female b«x.' 

[Wood's Athoiiit Oxon. (BIibb), ii. 8fl; Brit. 
MiiB. ChI. ; Bmflo'A Kegiftter <if Kxctfir Cnlkgit, 
pp. 50-7 ; Ree> ^'n>v. Oxf. (Clark) fOif. Hi»t. 
Soe. 1888).] W. C. S. 

HEALEY, JOHN {d, 1610), translator, 
wad ill, according to a statement of his friend 
aitd prini-er, Thomas Thorpe, in 1(W)0, end 
was d^ad in the following year. To three 
nf his trant«lati<ms (cf. 2, 3, and 4 Iwlow) 
Thnmfls Thor]»t*, the printer of Shakeapcare's 
8ounet«<, prefixed dedications. iUs works 
uo: I. * Philip Mornay, Lord of Plcsais, his 
Toares. For the death of his Sonne. Unto 
hifl Wife, Charlotte Ralisto Knglisbed by 
John Henley. London (0. Eld).' ItJOO, Bvo. 
Healey dedicates this tract to * my most 
honoured and constant friend, Maister John 
Coventry/ with whom he has 'thus long 
aajled in a deepe dnrkc ma, of Tnisfnrtune.' 
2. 'The Discovery of a Newe World, or a 
Piftcrijx!on of the South Indyw hitherto uu- 
knownc. By John llealey. London, for Kd. 
Blount,' n.d. 8vo {Cat. of the Doucr U6rary, 
lit'M.Jiodl.) This is entered toThomas Thorpe 
in the 'l^iationers' Ilegister'on IHJan. UKK*, 
with tlit> addition ' by an KngltHh Mercurye ' 
(Abber, iStationrrif JiryuferSy iii. 400). In 
the Bodleian Library is a iKjpy with the title, 
' The Discovery of a New World, Tenterbelly, 
Sheelandt, and Fooliana/ Ixindon, n.d. Kvo. 
It ia a huraarouR version in English of Bishop 
Hall's Mitire *Mundus alter et idem' [see 
Hall, Joseph]. 3. ' Kpict«tus bis Manuall 
And Cebes his Table. Outof the<ireekeOri- 

finall hy Jo.Healey. Printed for Th. Thorjie/ 
610, 24mn. This contains a dedication by 
^Tli. Th.' (Thomas Thorpe) to John Flori'o 
~ v.], who is said to have ' procured an im- 




pregnablo protection ' for Ilealey's ' apprcn- 
tises est<ay. A second edition appeared in 
IfilO, 12nio (printed byOeorge Purslowe for 
Edward Blount), to which » version of Theo- 
phrastus's'CbaracterHi'sppamtely paged, was 
added. Adedicatton by Thor|)e lo the Earl of 
Pembroke takes the plaL-e of the dedication 
to Florio. '1. *St. Auguetlue of the Citie of 
Ood : with the learned L'ommentarie of Jo. 
Lod. Vives. Englished by J. II.,' London 
((leorge Eld), 1«10, folio. The dedication 
by Thoriie to William, earl of Pembroke, 
speaks ol IIe.aluy a» ile&d, and apoIogiM^a for 
consequent imperfections in the traiiBiation. 
A second (edition, reviiied, was issued in IGiK), 
with a new (Uxlication by William Crashaw 

to. v.] ( the father of t he noel) to Penihrokeand 
Lis brother Philip. Healey followed the olabo- 
rat« edition of Vives.iranBlalingbiflcummtm- 
tary, andtuming into English verse the nume- 
rousquotations by St. Augustine and by Vivea 
from (Jreek nnd Ijitin jioeis. It was the only 
English tnin.slHlif>n of the 'City nf (iod* till 
t he appearance in 1871 and following years 
of a translation of all AugustineV worltH under 
the editorship of Dr. Marcus l>odfi. Dr. Dods, 
in his preface to the 'De Civilate Dei,' uncri- 
tically BiH-uks of HealeyV translation as'ex- 
ceptionaily bad.' The 'Epictetus' is terse 
and cb^r, and the cumbrous periods of th« 
'City of Ooti ' have most of the merila and 
defects of Elizub«.>lhan prose; the verse Irans- 
latious are frequently very happy. A reprint 
of the 1610 edition ol the • City nVUod.' with- 
out the commentary of Vives, has heen pub- 
lished in the ^Ancient and Mixleru Library 
of Theological Literature' (2 voU. 1890), 

[Healey'a vorks ; Wsriou • Hist. Engl. Poctrv, 
I87L i»- 397 ; ArhorV SiaTiooer*' Rfgisirm, iii. 
291.386;Cat.oniuthLibrary.ii.64a;Lownd»a 
BibLMaoanI, od.Buhu.] it. B. 

HEAPHY, CHARLES (I821P-IK8U, 
colonial oflicial, was son of Tliomas Heophy, 
founder of the old Watei^cobuir r^jriety [see 
Hkapht, Thomas, 177o-I835, and UEArnr, 
Thoma-s lHia-lK73j. He appears to luiTe 
exbihitiKl a picture on an historical subject 
at the Britisu Institution in IH^^j ((Jiuvk8, 
Uict. Jirit. Artist/i). In AIny IK«» be was 
appointed drnugbtainau hv the New Ze-alaml 
Coioi>any in London, and sent to Kew Zea- 
land in the ship Tory. Ho waa employed on 
arrival in preUminary explorations for th<* 
company's settiemenU. In lt*40-l he as- 
sisted in the purchase of the Cbatham Islandf, 
where he was wounded with a Rpear by a 
native, and in ll<42 explored the Nelson 
country for the company's settlement. Tho 
same year he waa sent to EoglnQd in a small 
schooner with despatches, and while at bomn 



Heaphy 



33* 



Heaphy 



tmhlifihf^d n little book fntillpcj ' Ursidptire 
til Viirious PnrU of New Ziiiliiud,' Londuii, 
IH42, ]'Jir\o. \U^UiTn\ng tu tlic- colony be vtns 
(•mploytMl for mmv years iti nxploring and 
roiw-makiiigiii th** mountain ranges, seiricea 
•dtscribyd liv Sir M'illiam Foi, nr one time 
Tipeoiier of iCuw Zealand, as works of great 
liilwur, exposure, and bnrdship, inviuving- 
ri«k of life, and porformed in n spirit nf en- 
terprise and Beli-denial. In 18-17 Heaphy 
woa employed in wntcliing tlie NevvZealaiid 
Coiupany'a interest tt in the markiugoutof n^' 
live reserves at Mowwrre Hay (now Golden 
Jtiiy), and in AnciiAt 184M was appointed 
4iranghisinaii to tlie fzunerol government. In 
November lWJ:i bu was apnointed eommta- 
finncr of theCoromandol gold-tield, witli in- 
fitructittna to secure from the natire* the 
right of extending? the gold-field. In 18."»4 
lie became a aurveyor in the senice of the 
New Zealand governm'-nl, niiil in lflr»8 pro- 
vincial land surveyor fiir tht- provintre uf 
Auckland. In January 18G4 bu was ap- 
puinif^d chief Htir\evor to the N*'W Zealand 
jfovemment. Ilfnpliv wna ajipninted lieu- 
tenant in ihoAiieUand ntit) volunteem on 
^i) Juno 18t>:i, and became captain on 18 Aug. 
the aamo year. He acted aa guide to the 
imp'rial troops in the AVaikato dnring the 
third Maori war, and much distinguished 
himself on tho occaaion of an attack made by 
the natives on a bathing iiarty of tnKiiut at 
thfl Mangapiko Uiver on 11 Feb. lH(U. Al- 
though s«verely wounded, he continued on 
active service tbrou(jliout the day, IJeu- 
tenant-culnnel Bir Ilenry Havelock (now 
liioutenant-f^nernl Hit ll. Have lock- .Mian, 
V.C), who was in commiind, higlily com- 
mended him in a despatch {London (Jazettf. 
Suppl. 11 Miiy 1864 ). For this service Heaphy 
was promoted to nmjor in the New Zealand 
militia(!lFeb. lHiW),and wag recommended 
by Lieutenant-Kentral .Sir IK A. Cameron, 
commanding the troops, for the A'ictoria 
C'ro5«, an honour confem«i upon bim in l8(J7 
{id. 8 Feb. lH(t7). lu iHUti Heaphv was 
tippninte<l provincial aurveyor ana deputy 
WHhtoIandti commisaiouer. In June LKI.1^* 
be waa elected a member of the New Zealand 
House of Kopresentativps, and retained hla 
wut until May 1H70. In 1869 be waa ap- 
pointed commissioner of native reserves, and 
tn 1878 commissioner of goveniment insui^ 
auee, judge of the nativa land court, and 
commissioner of lantl claims. Failing beallh, 
caused by early harr)shi]M9 and privations and 
wonnds nxTeived in the native war, led to his 
retirement on a )M>nHion in June 1881, but bo 
died at Bri^hatie, Iwfore drawing any part of 
ibe pension, ou H Aug. 1881. His wife sur- 
vivwl bim. 



IKor pHiiicalarsof tlie Nciv/otl«iid I'ow^sy 
and the Kettlcment of New y^alnml h«9 Heatoa » 
Haulbook of Austmliiin Biof;. and Heapby's Be> 
sidence ... in New ZcaUud (Loodon. 1M3^ 
There is a hripf obitoar)- noti*^ in Amu fi^ 
18HI, p. 139. Tfas other deuilb tare been fVp- 
plird by the courtesy of the A^L-at-UeDtrr&l 1m 
New Zcjilund, after revisiun by Mni<'r IlfapbjlT 
relulivts.] II. M. C. 

HEAPHY, THOMAS, the elder (177 
18^.5), waler-colour painter, was bom 
London on 2Q Dec. 1776. His father, J 
Ocrrard Heaphy, bad a somewhat romaotii 
history, having boen bom on a battlfr-fiekl 
where bis father was killed; the latter was 
tbe eldest son of a nobleman, and had coo- 
tractwl a runawsy match with a daughter 
of nn Irish clergyman named Heaphy. bat 
the legality of the marriage being sub»> 
quently contested, the matter was compnK 
mised by a provision being made for thJ 
widow and for tbe education of the child, 
who was required to take his mother's mimr. 
John tierrard Heaphy married a Freochlady, 
and engaged in mercantile pursuits. Htssua 
Thomas, evincing a ^Teat lov*j for drawing, 
was articled at an ewly age lo It, M.Mcadovi>, 
tbe engraver, but his inclination was rathnT 
to painting than engraving; to this be de- 
voted all bis spare time, and att)>nded a 
drawing-school conducted by John lloyne 
near Queen Square, Bloomsbury. He exhi- 
bited for the first timent the Koral Academ; 
in 1797, and until 1804 bis contributioi 
were exclu.sively ^mrtraits, bat in that vi 
he sent n subject picture,*The Portland l^i 
Uirl.' Stibseqiiently be turnnJ bis attentjiiit 
to water-colour painting, to which bi? from 
that time confined himself, and became 4 
large contributor to the exhibitions of t 
newly formed Water-colour Society, thi 
held m Spring CJardens, where bis reprt'!*ei 
tAtions of fish markets and other scenes 
workinff-class life were extremely popu 
In 1807 lie became an associate of the society] 
and in the wime vear a full member; hts 
'Hastings Ki.sh i\farket,' exhihit*'<l in 1B09, 
sold for five hundred guineas. He now rt- 
turned to portraiture, which be practised 
with great success, end was for some yesn 
more largely employed than perhaps any 
other artist except Sir Thomas Lawrencfl 
he was oppointed portrait-painter to the IVi 
ceas of Walea ; Princess Charlotte, Prin 
Leopold, and other di>;tingui8hed persons si 
tn bim. In 181 L', giving up his membershijb' 
of the Wuter-colour Society, he betook him- 
self, ftl the invitation of the I>iike of AVellinjK- 
ton, to the British camp in the Peninsula^fl 
where he remained until the end of the wai^l 
painting the portraits of the EngUah officers^ 



Heaphy 



333 



Heaphy 



ftud cm liis return executt>tl his most impor- 
tant work, a reproaeutaxion of the Duke of 
Wellington (yivinjc his orders previous to a- 
^^neral action, which compriBcd portrailf of 
about, fifty genenil oflicora. An enfrravinc" 
from this, cnmmnnccd by Anker Smith and 
flnished by lieaphy Iiimsolf, wne publinih'-'d by 
him in \S2'2. Though the picture wnea direct 
commi^ion from the king, it appoars to haro 
I remained on the artist's UAnds, as it figun^d 
■ in the wile of hi« pfiectfl. 
1 Heaphy devoled much of hifl fortune to 
ntiliiuug the land in the neighbourhood of 
(he pnweut Hefrent*3 Park for buihhn;; puv- 
. poses, and thus a portion nf St. John's W ood 
owes its origin to nim. Tliia took him tem- 
porarily away from his profL'aaiun,on n-siun- 
. ing which ha prnject'-Hl and e-stablishod the 
I Socitfiy of British Artists, of which lie was 
. elected the first president, and to its first 
exhibition, in IP'24, contributed nine works, 
but he resijrned his memberahip the follow- 
ing year. In 18.S1 he wont to Italy, where 
he remained until the middle of the foUow- 
' ing year, and daring his residence there made 
acme admirable copies of famous pictures by 
the old masters. After Iuh rt^iirn to Kng- 
land be paint***! little. He di(^ at ft St. 
John'.-* Wood Hoad, 23 Oct. 1835, and was 
buried in liunhill Fields. His tirst wife, 
Mary Stevenson, to whom ho was married 
in J8(K), dii^l some ^ime after 18i^; his 
second, Harriet Jano Ma^on, survived him. 
Heaphy'.-* subject pictures were realistic 
I rapreseatations of nature. His miniatures 
[ and other portraits, which were usually nn 
a smalt scale, were characterised by truth- 
' fulness, Helicary of colour, and beauty of 
finish. Ife was a man of versatile genius, 
and devoted much u1t»<nlinn to meclianiral 
inventions. Though it is stated that he was 
always opposed to the Royal Academy, the 
catalogues show that he contributed to il.^ 
exhibitions up to the vnA of his life. The 
lijouth Kensington MuMum possesses two of 
iMlwatar-colours, 'The !^re Lcg'and 'Coast 
EoDBne with Figures,' aud in the National 
Portrait Gallery ia a yotjthfiil portrait of 
lx)rd Palmerston ; his portraits of the Duke 
and Ducheiw of Buccleuch have been on- 
grmved. 

Heaphy had by his first wife two son?, 
Thom&s [q. v.] and Charles [q. v.], and thrco 
daughters, two of whom, Mary Ann iSfrs. 
Musgrave) and Elizabeth (Mrs. Murray), 
practised miniaturc-painting. 

[BAdgrara'a Diet, of Artists; Athcneeuro, No. 

41 B. 31 Oct. 183A: Mn{>aziae of the Fine Arts. 

I iii.223 ; Gent. >lnp. 183fl, pt. ir.p.Cfil ;Or«V6B'» 

Diet, of ATtii»t«; Royal Acndemy Catutoirios ; 

information from the family.] F. M. 0'1>. 




HEAPHY.THOMAa the younger( 1813- 
1873), portrait and subject luinter, eldest 
son of 'Thoma.s Heaphy the elder [q. v.], by 
his first wife, Mary Stevenson, waa bom at 
8t. John's Wood, tondon, 2 Anril 1813. In 
1631 .when a lad of seventoun, Iluaphy accom- 
panied his father on a visit to Italy, when? 
he acquired a knowledge of the language and 
cultivated a taste for religioua art, forwbicli 
he always retained a Flmng predilection. 
Adopting his father's profet<.4ioii, bo com- 
menced life as a iiortrait-painter, and for 
many years enjoyed an extensive palronage. 
He exhibited for the first time at the lloyal 
Academy in 1H31, and in IS^ sent his first 
flubject picture. 'The Infant Pan educated 
by the VVood Nymjihs.' Among his most 
succeMful wtirkei which followed were 'Ca- 
therine and Bianca ' ( 1 8**»3 ), a aeries of peasant. 
girls of various countries (IHSfMJ'^), 'Kepler 
mistaken for an Astroh^gRr' (1863), 'Paliasy 
tho Fott*r taken for a Coiner' {18fl4), 'Loril 
Burleigh showing his Peasant Bride her new 
Home' (18(Vi), and ' lAizu: Farren, after- 
ward.s Countess of Derby, w^aiting at the 
Pri-Hon Bars with her Father's Breakfast ' 
(1872). In 1807 he sent to tho exhibition 
of the Society of Britinh .\rti8ta '(ieueral 
FairfnY and tiis Daughter pursued by the 
Boyal Trno]is,' and in tbat veAr waa elected 
a memlier of the society. In 1844 he waa 
commitMiioned to paint nn altar-piece for tlm 
protestant church at Malta, erected at tho 
expense of Queen Adelaide, and he also oxl^- 
cuted one for a chureh at Toronto, Canada. 
He devoted much time to investigating the 
origin of the Traditional likeness of Christ ; 
in the pursuit of this inquiry ho travelled 
widely. \t Home he made cjireful drawing* 
ofeverythingiMustratinpthpKuhjw-ltowbich 
hn could obtain acceKg in the Catacombs and 
Vatican Ijhniry. He has (jiven an interest- 
ing account of bis difficulties in pro<'uring^ 
the necessary permissions for this purpose. 
Hifl last journey to Rome was made in 1800, 
and in the following year he published the 
result of his labours in a series of eight ar- 
ticles in tho ' Art Journal.' The papers with 
the necessary illustrations were not rt^iwued 
till 1880, seven years after his death, when 
they were bniiight out in a folio voltimo under 
thp«*ditoTflliip(if his friend Mr.WykoBayliss, 
F.S.A., with the title 'Th- Likenessof Cl'irisl; 
an Fnnuiry intathe verisimilitude of the re- 
ceivwl Likene^sof ourBlessedLord.' A cheap 
reprint has since been issued by tlie Siciety 
for Promoting Christian Knnwled^. Tlie 
original drnwinirs arc now in the print room 
nf the British Museum. Heaphy postense*! 
cnnsiderablu literary ability, and contribute<l 
articles on various subjects to the periodical 



Heard 



334 



pKse; among them 'A Nif^ht in 
combs' (* St, Jamos's M«^i:inp/ IH 



the Ciit«- 

l86I),'The 
IlepffHT Saint' (* f )nco a WpeV/ 18t*a), and 

• Mr. II 'sOwn Narrative' ('All tlio Year 

KoiiDd/ ISai ) ; tho Uiat tale fittraried i^t-at 
attention, and was Bub8e()uentlTrrpublL>.b(Kl 
in a Reparate form under the title 'A Won- 
derful (ibo«t Story,' with letter* from C'harl(« 
DickenH Ui llu- iiiithoron tht> (tiibji:>ct. l>urin£' 
th(! last fuiir ypaw of hm life, whi-n ill-health 
kept Uim luui-Ji indoors, he painted a fiTtca 
of types of forei^ bc&utT, and wrote aci-nunU 
of tiiem in various pubrications. At an early 
porind Hcaphyassumf^d the additional chri»- 
fian name ' Frank.'with ibis view of therwbr 
diatinguiBhinf; biu works from thoso of hia 
father, but dropped it before 1850. He died 
in South liulpravia, 7 Au^. 1^73. In 1842 
lio married Ktiza HnnUlreflt, dau^ht<>r of 
Joseph Brad«trt'et, of the family of Little 
AVenliam, SiilfoUc, by whom he had many 
children. 

[Redgrave's Diet-, of Artists; Alhansam. No. 
2390, 16 Aug. 1873; ArtJouraal, 1873, p. 308; 
iuformitioD from the family.] 1-'. M. O'D. 

HBARD,SiRLSAA(::(I730-182i?),narter 
kingKif-arms, Ixim at f>ltLTy St. Mary, De- 
Tonshirv, on II) Dec, (O.S.) 1730, was son 
of John Heard, ^i^ntleman, sitmelime nf 
Bridjfwater, and afterward.* of l^tiulun, by 
ICliiiabeth, duuffhter of Benjamin Mitchell of 
UranHCombe and Salcombe Iteiris. Ho was 
educated at Huniton prnmmar school. wVt 
the nge of fifteen hn t-ntenKl the navy aa a 
volmit*?er, and served att a midaliipmun on 
board H.M.S. Lynn, and afterwurja in the 
Jtlnndford till 1751, when besettUwJ at Bilbao 
ill Spain. There be enf^ged in merciintilo 

Cur^tiiiu, but hisapeculations wen*frufitrated 
y the outbreak of war betwoon that conntrv 
and England in 1767. Hu was aflenvani.*! 
employed by a London merchant, and was 
introduced to Thomas Howard,earlof KfTmp:' 
bam^thenexercisinglhe office of earl marshal, 
who, noticing his likine for antiquarian re- 
flcarch, appointed him Bliiu-raantlc pursui- 
vant-of-nnn« •'J Dec. 17W. He became Lnn- 
CftAter heratii on H July 1761, Norroy king-of- 
arms on 18 Ort. 1774, gentleman usher of 
the ncarlet rml of the order of tlie Batli, and 
Brunswick herald : ClarenuMix king-of-mrnis 
1({ Mar 17H0. and on the death of Ralph 
Bigland [([. v.], by patent dated 1 May 17>S4, 
iiarior principal king-of-arnw, receiving the 
honourofknighthoodinthe following month. 
He died in the College of ArmK, London, on 
20 April 1822, and wa* buried in St. George's 
OhrtjH'l, "Windsor. Ho was twice married, 
but Itift no iasue. A portrait of htm woa 
painted in 1S17 by Arthur \V. Devia. 



[Nohlo'a College of Armn. pp. 418, 41t, MB, 
441. 448; Ueot. Mng. 1822. pt. i. pp. MC.«M: 
Nivholi'H IlIuRtr. of Lit. v. a*J6; Nichol»*# Lit. 
Anwd. vii. 680 ; Eraos's OaL of Enienivcd i'or- 
tmitii. No. 6120; Towasind's C:aleudAr of 
Knights, p. 31.] T. C. 

HEARD, AVILUAM (jt. 1778), port 
and dramatist, was the son of a UokwUerof 
Piccju]illy,and was educated for the medical 
profession. Unfortunately be Iwtook himself 
to play-writing, and brought out two fflebU 
dramas: 1. 'The SnufF Bjx ; or, A Trip t9 
ISalh,' a comedy in two acU. perfurmra at 
the Haymarket in 1775. 2. ' Volentine'ii 
Day,' a muaicil drama in two acts, per- 
formed for only one night at 1 )rury Lane oa 
22 March 1776 at Mr.lWdiRh'* benefit, an.I 
printed anonymously (|cf. (iKyRST, v. 493). 
Still morf> <IepIorable is a volume of poenu 
entitled *A Sentimental Journey to BaiJi, 
Bristol, and their Environfi; a dnncripUva 
Poem. To which are added Miaeellanwius 
Pieces,' 4to, I^ndon, 1778. Heard died on 
the coast of Africa at the age of tUiity-four 
His wife and daughter were both actrwea. 

[Baker's lltogmphia Dranvitica, od. 181), i. 
322. iii. 284. 375; Brit. Mus. Cat.] G. G. 



igh- 

uXjm 

omwH 



HEARDER, JONATHAN (1810-1876), 
electrician, horn at Plymouth in IHIO, was 
well known as n popular lecturer thn^u^- 
out the west of Kngluid. Though nearljj 
blind, owinf; to an accident when expert' 
menting in his youth with a fulminating co 
pound, he acquired a thorough knowleago _., 

f practical chemifltry and electricity, and wa» 
or many years intimately associuted with 
Sir William Snow Harris fq. v.] in his n>- 
searches. Hoarder devised several imprtive*^^ 
ments in connection with the induetion cotL 
and the application of electricity to mediDtl 
purposes. He also invented and patenttnl a. 
sub-oceanic cable, which proved to be aim 
identical with that subsequently chosen »« 
transatlantic tel^japhy. Another invention 
was a thermometer for lead soundings at an 
which should indicate the depth of wat«r 
by its pressure. Ilearder's attainments, how^ 
ever, were not exclusively scientific, and his 
success as a lecturer was due not only to bis 
knowledge of facta, but to his skill as an m- 
pt-riinenter and his genial manner. He took 
a special interest in the Plymouth Institu- 
tion, and had an excellent knowledgu i>( bxral 
antiquities and history. He acted for many 
years as electrician to the South Devon fl 
Husnitat. Uearder died in Plymouth of aS 
paralytic attack on 10 July 1878. 

[Ann. Keg. for 1876; AthonsKun, July 1871; 
Plymouth Qaxette, 19 Joly 1878.] £.£. A. 



HEARN, WILLIAM EDWAUD, LI-.1>. 
(_I82t>-Ii<SH), leual and economiail writifr, 
i,*JJ April lM*>rt, at BeUiirbet.cn. Crmm, 
I Hon of the vicar of KilUniif in thp same 
enuntv. He waa ediicat«!ci nt- tliP njyal 
«ch«xii at Ennislrilltm and Trinity CoUeijro, 
Dublin, where ho was first wiiior nuKlcrator 
in clasgiM and first junior iiimlemtor in logic 
and ethics. After iK-inp professor of tireek 
in Quetrn's CoUt*^, (lalway, from 1849 to 
lHi>J, he was in the latter year nominated n» 
the6r9t professor of modem history, modem 
lileratiire,lo(jic, and political economy in the 
new university of MellMiume. He waa railed 
to the Irish bar in 18r>3, and to the bar of 
Victoria in 1800. On tlie reorganiaatioQ 
of the school of law in IH73 ho resigned ]ua 
professorship and became dfton of the faculty 
of law, and from May to October 188(i was 
chancellor of the university. In 1878 he was 
«|i>ct4Hl to represent the central province of 
Victoria in the legialatire council. While 
in parliament his enenries were mainly de- 
voted to codification of the law. In 1H79 
lie introducLil the Dutiea of the Peojde Hill, 
B code of criminal law; in li^l the Liiw of 
ObligationA Bill, a code of duties and rights 
as l>etween subject and subject; in 1H84 the 
Substantive (lenpral Law Consolidation Bill. 
All these bills were in lH87 referred to a joint 
«i>loct committee of both ho uses for report , and 
their adoption wna recommended, but owinf^ 
to IlearnA ill-health they were dropped for 
the time. Ilearn wii* a member of the church 
of England, and ait n layman tixik a pro- 
minent pari in the working of the diocese of 
Melbourne. In IXHfi he was appointed Q.C. 
lie died 23 April l»W*. 

lie-am wrf>te : 1. • ThcCassell Priie Essay 
on the Condition of Ireland,* l^ndon, 1851, 
2. ' Plutology, or the Theory of the Efforts 
to aatisfy Human Wonts.'' 1H6-1. 3, *The 
Government of England, its Structure and 
iu Development,' IH07 ; ^nd edit. 1H87 ; an 
important and valuable work, which is ro- 
ferred to by Mr. Herbert Spencer u.^ one of 
those which liave helped to graft, the theory 
of evolution on history. 4. ' The Ar>'an 
Household, ita Structure and ita lievelop- 
meut ; an Introduction to Comparative 
Jurisprudence,' 1879; his moat important 
work, which, in the author's woros, was 
intended ' to describe the rise and the pn>- 
greaa of the principal institutions that are 
commoD to the cations of the Ary&n stock.' 
5. 'Payment by Kesulta in Primary Edu- 
cation,^ 187:3. 6. 'The Theory of Legal 
night« and Duties; an Introduction to Ana- 
lytical Jurisnnidence,* 1885. Uoam also 
made Kome brilliant contributions to the 
iacaX press. 



[A very full obituary nottco is c^ntjitned iu 
the Aiuftralasiun of 2S April 1888 ; Athomeum, 
28 April 1888; Brit. Mas. Cat.] J. W-s. 

HEARNE, SAMUEL (1745-1793), tra- 
veller, born in London in 1746, served as 
midshipman in the royal navy 1756-68, some 
ofthe time underCaptain Samuel (afterwards 
Vi8count)Hood [q. v.] He then entered the 
Ren'iee of the Ifudson'* Bay C'ompany, and 
in 1708-70ninde three voyagesof exploration 
for them in the norlh-west. (_)n 15 July 
1771 he began a survey of the Coppermine 
River, which he reached after a journey of 
thirteen hundred miles on foot,proc&edda ae 
far as the Great Slave Lake, and after the 
sorest privations made his wav back to Prince 
of Wales's Fort 30 June 1772. He supnosed 
that in this journey he had reacbeu the 
northern coast of North America, and stood 
on the shores of the ' Hyperborean Sea.' He 
received the thanks of the Hudson's Tlay 
Company antl a hunditoroe gratuity. In 1774 
bo cfltablished Fort Cumberland in the inte- 
rior; in 1775 he was appointed governor of 
the company's station known as Prince of 
Wales's Vort, and was made prisoner at its 
capture by the French nainl commander, I^a 
Perou9e,inl782(»«'ffM/..Vrti/. l7(*-2,pg,r»01, 
510). He returned to England in 178^, and 
dieil in 17{I*J. He is descrilied as a man of 
enlightened and benevolent character, as well 
ns of great courage and persevoranc*, and a 
close nb.server. After his death his' Account 
of a Journey from Prince of Walee's Fort in 
Hudson's Bay to the North-West, unilertaken 
... for the discovery of Copper Minea, a 
North- We*t I'assage, &c.,' was published in 
London in 17%, and another edition in 
Dublin in 1706. A (lerman version is given 
in Sprengel's * Nachrichten.' 

1 Rom's Nflw Biog. Diot. roL xii.; Drake's 
American ItioR. Diet. ; neamo's Journey, &e., 
London, 17dA, 4to, which conuins a refntAtioa 
of Alex. Dnlrymple's ohargM of inacenraej in 
Uearne's latitudes ; Brit. Mua. Cat. of PnaLod 
Books-l H. M. C. 

HEARNE, THOMAS (Ift7ft-I7:tri). his- 
torical anttijimry,the son of Oeorgi^ Ileame, 
pari.Hh clerk from 1670 of White Walthnm in 
Berkshire, and Edith, his wife, daughter of 
I Thomas Wise of Shottesbrooke iu the same 
county, WHS bom at Liltlofield Green, in the 
pariah of White Walthani, in July Ut78. His 
father gave him what instruction was in his 
own power, but his poor circumstances ccra- 
I)elle<i him to send the boy to day labour. He 
bad, however, given sueh proofs of ability 
and skill in reading and writing, that Francu 
Cherrv [q.v.] of ShottosbnMike undertook to 
provide for his education, and sent him to the 
school of Bray. Ilia pTogreu here was euch 




tbat-t by the ftdvic« of Dodwell, who then 
lived atShotte«bn»oke,Cht'rr\' look bim inTo 
his own housiif aiid treated him a? 8 fton. 
Krora Uberry and Piidwell Ileame acquired 
his nonjuring principiefl. In U»9't Iiearne 
was sent by Cherry tn Oxford, where he was 
entered of Edmund Hall, uuder While K«n- 
nctt, vife-principiil «f ihe hjill and roclur 
of ShoUeBhrrK.»I»e. He b«(fan rt'sidenoe ihiTre 
at Kaslor UillO,and took the dcp-ces of D.A. 
ia liaMI, nnd M.A. in 1703. A\1ule he yftts 
titill on undergraduate his studious hnbitA 
and literary tastes becamt* known in the 
university, and he vrta employed by Mill 
(then at work on the Appendix to his (ireek 
Testament), Grabe, and other* in various 
ways. Soon after taking liis degn-rt be was 
given the opjKirlunily of going lo Maryhind 
tM a mia-^ionnry (LrtUrii/rom the Bodlfian^ 
i.117):lHit lhi» he refu6ed,after making it the 
fiuhiect of special pravcr for guidance (16.) and 
(akmg the advice of his friends. Much of his 
lime was now spent in the Bodleinn Libmry, 
and there his tastes and pnwera of mind 
attracted the notice of the librarian, John 
Hudson [q, v.], through whose influence he 
was made aa8i8tAnt-kec]>er or Janitor. J [ere 
he spent many years, working at the cata- 
logue of bookii, and coinplelrng that of the 
4'nins,ond ibuK obtaining the knowledgeand 
interest which he preserved through life for 
this branch of antiquities, and amassing the 
minute knowlcJgo he ultimatclv possessed 
of books of all kinds, and espec^iaUy of all 
relating to the hintory of England. Ho was 
nfterwardf* otfert'd chaplaincies at Corpu-* 
rbrititl and All Suuli*' colleges; but as the 
librarian decided that these were not tenable 
with a po«l in the library, he declined them, 
niul in 171:^ Wcame second ht>epi>r of the 
Ikidleian Library. The following yi?ar he 
was offered the librariaushlp of the Koyul 
Societj', but he wotild not leave Oxford. In 
1716 be was elected nrchi-typographus and 
esquire bedell in civil law, two ollicea which 
lind been always cumbiriwi, but which, by a 
Iiigh-hnnded pmci^fding uf the vice-chan- 
cellor (Dr. Gardiner) and otlien*, acting, ac- 
conling to Hearne, againot the i*tJitute, were 
now to bo separated. Hearne declared that 
ho would not hold the one without theoth'-r. 
He was at the same time resolved to rf^main 
in the librari*. but tho librarian wished to get 
rid of him, and induced the visitors to decide, 
as soon as Hcarnc assumed the ofHce of 
bedell, that the otlicesof under-librarianand 
of bedell were inconsistent. Jleameat once 
resigned the be<hdlBhip. though, according to 
his own account, hi^ resignation waa not for- 
mally complete, when W. Mussendine was 
elected bedell in his place. Ueanie continued 



toexecufc the office of lihrorlanaslongas If 
could obtain aecess to the library ; out mt 
'iZ Jan. 17Iii, the last day fixed bjy the new 
act for taking the oaths to the HonoTerian 
dynasty, he wan actually prevented from pa- 
tering \\w librnrw and wan soon after for- 
mally deprived III hia ollice (m the ground uf 
'neglect of diitv.' 

He reniaiueJ from that time to th«> etui 
of his life living quietly in I'^mund !l»ll, 
carrying on his literary and historical work*, 
Inlaterlifehemigbthavchad seT^n^lhonou 
able posts in the university — the Camdt; 
profeisorship of history in YtiXi and agaia L 
1 727, that of keeper of the archives in 1726 
and the b(>ad-libnirian!t;liip of the Bodleiaa 
l..ibnir>' in 171^ and in 17:f!»; but all the* 
arcor<ling to hi« own ant^ount, he refu 
rafher than lake the oathfi to what he 
gmrded as a usur)iing dynasty, preferring, in' 
hia own words, * a good couscience before alt 
manner of preferment and worldly honour.'^J 
(>n Wanlevs death be was uffcrvd in vaii^f 
the poat oil' librarian to the Hurl of Oxfnrd*^^ 
He died on 10 June Xl'i^^ in cons«|uenca^| 
of a fever following a Revere cold, and wsa9 
buried in the east side of the churchyard of 
St. Pet erVin-the- East at Oxford on the 14th 
with the words ' who studied and \ 
antiquities* in.>tcri)A-il after hi< name 
tiimb, by his oivn wish, an inscription 
bcTU more than once renewed. His 
was sold by T. Osborne on 1(1 Feb. 173ti auit 
following days (ice printed catalog-iie). 

Asa young man lie chiefly devoted luni- 
!<elf to cliutaical literature, and published edi 
ticns of Pliny's ' Letter* and i^auegj-rick,* 
Eutropius, Justin, and Livy.ond made large 
txdb'Ctiofis for an edition of t'icero, which; 
were utilised in the Oxford edition of I7y 
(10 vols. 4to), But nA he grew nlder hi 
attention was chiefly confine*! to English 
historv and antiquities, and after publia: ' 
the 'Itinerary* and * (.^oUectanea * of Jo! 
Iceland be began his well-known series 
editionsortheEnglishchmniclen!; rbcywei 
all published by subscription, very few copiea| 
of each lieing printed. Their imiK^rtance ti 
historical students can scarcely be exag]^ 
rated, mnny of them being the only editiio: 
that exitttfd till the recent publication of th 
KdIIs Series of historical work^, and aom< 
being still the only edit ions in print . Hi 
accompUshed all this with little help frow 
others, with only the income he derived 
from his subscribers, ond with the chief ou- 
thoritiesof the imiversity looking askance at 
him. It is sal isfactory to know that he liTi 
to «>■% what he had published for 21. Sir. bo 
for 12/. 12a, and that at hifi death over 1,OOOA 
was found iu his po«sestion. He does 



Hearne 



337 



Hearne 



ftliitw any gruRp of historv, and for the ino»l 
pnn lie coutented himtielf with eeciiifif \m 
aiaiui^ripta carefully through the prejts ; but 
his Bcciirftpy is f;onoral]y to bo depended on, 
though his oxplunations of words are not 
Always MitiBfactorv. Ilia prefaces do not 
^ve Tbo information which would be ex- 
pected of the contents of the volumes or 
even of the history and condition of the 
mnnuficrlptti from which he jjrinted. His 
appendirvK contain all kinds of exlraneouH 
mutter, having ia most eases no connection 
with the author thoy follow. He was cer- 
tainlv wanting in power t« distinguish the 
relative value of what full in his way; it 
seemed to him enough that u document was 
old to induce him to publish it. Just before 
his death he had issued proposals for an edi* 
<ion of the chronicle known by the name ol" 
John Uever^ (really a copy of the • Flores 
Ht-'*torionim ') [aoe'jons of I-onuox], from 
th(> Harl. MS. 041, and a few subscribers' 
iiames had been received. 

Dut wliat he issued to the world was only 
a part of lleame's literary work, lie was iu 
constant correspondence with very many of 
the antinuuric^ and literary men of his day. 
and their replies fill the greater part of 
' Kawl. Lett.' vols, j-xxxvii., preserved in 
the Kodleian Library. Iteginning from 1705 
to within a few days of his death, he also 
ke^it an elaborate diary, giving lengthy ex- 
trarls from the books bo rvad or which came 
under his notice, remarks on his friends and 
enemies, upon public matters, university 
gossip and history, and indeed anything that 
interested hira at the moment. This is con- 
tained in 14n volumes, left by him, with hii 
other manuscripts and his cnl lect ion of 
medals, to his friend \V. Bedford, who wild 
them to Dr. Uawlinson, by whom they were 
bequeathed to the Dodleian Library. Some 
f-Xtracta from them were printed in lftI7 by 
Dr. Bliss, but not published till 1H57, in two 
octavo vols. ; a second edit ion was iasued with 
considerable additions in three vols, in Lon- 
don, 1H09. But the whole diary, or at least 
bU that ix valuable in it, is now in course of 
publicatinn. under the auspices of the Oxford 
Historical Society, edited by Mr. C. K. IXible; 
three vol.»., containing the ' Collections 'from 
1 70A to 1 7] 2, have already appeared ( IS^G-U). 
The d iary gives Hearoe's sentiment » on things 
and persons in a very outspoken wayj he 
has no tenderness for the Hanoverians or 
his personal opponents, and only commends 
ihe honfst men, i.e. nonjurors and adherents 
of the exiled royal family. Thus ho speaks 
of Bishop Trelawny (Dobi.e, i. 3ir») as • an 
illiterate, mean, sillVr trilling, and imperti- 
nent fellow ; * * Dr. Keanett and some others 

vol.. XXV. 



of the trimming, diabolical jirinciples' (ii. 
330) ; Mr. Trapp ^poetry professor), ' a most 
sillVf rash, hott-hcadod fellow' (iii. 50); 
WhalleVt 'n vain, proud, empty fellow ' (iii, 
121); Charlett, *of a strange, unaccounl- 
I able vanity' (iii. 132 ) ; while LsDcasler, pro- 
I vost of Queen's, he calls ' old smooth boots/ 
' 'the northern bear' (iii. 28, 119, 121,290, 
349), ' the worst vice-chancellor that ever 
was in Oxon.,' who ' raised to himself a pillar 
of iniitmy * (iii. CO). Nor does he spare the 
wives of tho»8 he looked upon as enemies. 
Tanner's wifc(ii.9')i3 'remarkable furdrink- 
ing of brandy;' Kennott's wife 'wears the 
breeches, and manages him as his haughty, 
iuaoleut temper deserves' {ib.) No doubt 
Uearue felt deeply the in justice with which he 
had been treattAl, and he was evident ly at one 
time continually in fear of proceedings being 
taken against him. Thus he is afraid tu write 
to his tuther openly, and ooncealK his name 
eveninhisdiary(iii'.284,34il,4HtI). Had his 
diaries been examined, he would .'4carcelT have 
been left undisturbed. Anditmustbeaflowed 
thot he sometimes went out of his way to 
attack those in power, as may be seen in his 
remarks relating to the heads of colleges in 
his preface to Uamden's'Kli£al>eth,'i.xlvi (see 
them in LelterMfrom tkf Bodln'an, ii, 46). 

The following is a list of his wnrks, chiefly 
token from his own manuscript copy, as given 
in Huddesford's' Life,' i. 37-116, not includ- 
ing indexes to other works ^'hich he made, 
or separate letters on antiquities contained in 
his various volumes: 1. 'UeliquiieBodleiaute,* 
1703. 2. ' rUnii Epistolie et I'sneg^Ticus,' 
1703. 3. *Eutropiu8,Me*»aIaCorvinus, Julius 
Obsequens,' 1703. 4. ' Ductur llistortcus,' 
1704(reprintedl705,1714,1724). 5. 'Justin,' 
170(5. (J. ' Livy,' 170ft. 7. J>pelman'6 ' Life 
of Alfred,' 1700. 8. Lelamfs 'limerary,' 
1710-12 (reprinted 1744-5, and again 176^- 
1770). 9. Dod well's * Do narma equestri 
Woodwardiana dissertotio,' 1 1 13. Some ex- 
pressions in thisottended the heads of houses 
in Oxford,andit was suppressed. Seelleame's 
'Catalo^nsOperum/D. 52. To this ia added 
Thomas Xeale's * Dialogue on the Buildinga 
of t he University of Oxiord, with V io ws of t he 
Colleges and the Schools.' 10. Leland's ' Col- 
lectanea,' 1716 (reprinted 1774). IL 'Acta 
ApiMtolorum Oneco-Latiiie, e codice Laii- 
diono,' 1715. 12. 'Joannis Rossi Historia 
regum AnffUtt,' 1710. 13. 'Titi Livii Forv- 
JuUensis llistoria Ilenrici Qointi,' 1710. 

14. 'Aluredt Beverlacensis Annalvs* 1716. 

15. 'W. Roperi Viu D. Tboma.- Mori,' 

1716, 16. Camden's ' Annale» rerum Angli- 
carumet Hibtimicarum regnantf? Klirabelns, 

1717. 17. ' W. Neubrigensis llistoris," 1719. 
18. *Thomie Sprotti Clironict/ I7ltf. Thia 



Hearne 



Hearne 



contains, beHitleHothtTlrRPtH, the * Fnipinenl 
of an old Dnjrlish Chrouiplu of tlio uffuirs of 
K. Edward IV.' MK *A Collection of cu- 
rioiu Discourses written by eminent Antinun- 
ricB,* 1720 (reprinted, with additions, I774>. 
'20. 'Textus Uoflensia,' 17:^0. 21. 'Uoberti 
de Avesbiiry llistoria dc niirobilibus gestis , 
Kdwnnli HI,' 1720. 22. * JonnniBdeFordun 
Scoticbroiiii:on,M722. 23. [Eyston's] ^His- | 
tory and Aatiqiiilies of Gliistonbury." 1722. 
24. *TIemingi Cortulariuiu Eccle«ise SVigor- ' 
niensie/ 1723. 2fi. Mlobert of Gloucester's I 
Cbronicle/ 172-1 (reprinted 1810). 26. * Peter | 
LangtoftB Chronicle; 1 725 (rrprjnted 1810). ' 
2". *JoanniB Glastoniensi.t Clminicii,' I72G. 
28. * Adami de Domerham llifttoria de rebus ' 
j»e8ti8 Glastonienaibufl,' 1727. 29. 'TbomiB 
de Klmhum Vita et gesta Ilenrici V,' 1727. 
;(0. * Liber Niger Scaccorii/ 1728 (reprinted 
1774). 31. 'Historia Uieurd! II a luunnclio 
do Evcfiham.' 32. ' JoIianniM (U- Troltelowe 
.\nnalea Kdwardi II, Ilenrici Je Itlanefonle 
Chronica, Monachi cujusdem Mnlmesburi- 
ensis Vita Edwardi II.' 33. *TIiom« Coii 
VindiciiD Antiquitatis Aciwi. Oxon.,' 1730. 
34. * Walieri Hemin^ord [Ilemiuj^burph] 
Hiatoria de rebua gestis Edwardi I, II, III, 

1731. Tbia also contains the * Anonvmi 
llistoriaEdwardilir from the Ilarleinn NiS. 
1 729, really a compi lation from Muriniut li and 
lligden, and Kome extracts from Gascoigne's 
'Theological Dictionary.' OS. ' Thoroiw Ot- 
terbourue ' and ' JohanneH Wethanmtede,' 

1732. 36. 'Chronicon sive Annates Prioraiua 
de Dnnstaple,' 17'i3. 37, •Itpnetlictns abho^ 
dtivitaet gestis Hen. II ct Rid,' 173o. All 
these voluniert contain appendices full of 
matter of historical and anttqimrinn interest, 
quite independent, of their ehief contents. 
A completH list 18 ffiven in the 'Catalogus 
Opcrum' in Hiiddesford'a ' Life.' 

In 1731 was published, much to lleame's 
ilisgufit, 'A Vindication of thobc who tnke 
the Oftth of AUegianct!.* This wa« a youth- 
ful com; by Hearne, found among Mr. Chem-'a 
paperfi. and published with the object of wak- 
ing llcame ridiculous, as at ouo time enter- 
taining different principles from those for 
which bo bad contended so strongly all his 
Ufo (cf. Li/e, pp. 20-32). 

In spite of his retiring character and simple 
habits of life, and of the extraonliuary dili- 
gence and pains of which the above list in 
luupio proof, ho haa not ejuaped the enoi'rs of 
iiiithors who ought to have known bptter. 
Thus Gibbon (I^athimotu Wurktt, ii. 711) 
ha« attncked him, and Pope's foolish lines 
on him in the ^Dunciad,' in. 185 (where ho 
styles him Wormius), arc well known (cf. 
TakxeRj liiblwtheca JirUannico-HiberHica, 
pref. pp. xliii-xlvii). 



There is a full-length portrait of lleani<*. 
engraved by Kurgh»n;, in the Bodleian Li- 
brary. Two otliers, engraved by Vt.'rtueiift*T 
Tillemans, are pn^fi.'ced to the * ^'indu•!ll^J!) 
of the Oath of Allegiance,' Blisa's * E\i . ' 
from the Diariea/ toe * Ectypa Varia. i 
and arc occasionally inaertud in cop — 
Hearne's historical workfl. A complvt- :. 
count of the portraits is given by Bli?- < \\- 
pendix I. pp. 88<>-8). A caricature oi In : 
will be found in Wartoif • ' C^oaipuu;.<n 
the Oxford Guide.' 

[InpitrtialMpmoriHUoftheLifeandWntift?" 
of ThoiuJia lU'iii-ce, M.A., I>,v several baodN, l.-.^u- 
1736, witli Blt8s« niaautcript nottis in tbc i)r,- 
Mua copy of this work ; lives of lAland, Heanic, 
and Wood. otliteJ by Worton axtd HnddseftinJ, 
Oxford, 177:2 (this (nvm hii aatobioqrapbT); 
lA-ttcri> of EiinQoot Porsotu) fVom the Bodleian, 
Ijundon, 1813; Kxtrsot« from the Diaries 
Thomns BMme, edited by Bliu, Oxfard, 185 
Ixiudun, 180B: KeiD&rks and Collection* 
Thomiui Beanie, vols. t-iil„ Oxford. 1883- 
edited l<y 0. K. DoMe for the Oxford Bistorici 
Soeii'ty; Dtbdin's IlitiliomAnia, pp. 327-A6, 
1842, find l-,ibrary Companion, pp. 23-l-U 
Darily'fl Appendix to his Cnt. of Matcriala fd 
tbt' Hii-t, of Greit BriLiiinand Ireland,!. 807-tO!J 
Lowndts's BiM. Mnn. pp. 1021-9; 3Iacnr^ 
.A.iiDal9 of the Bodleian I^ibrarv, 2nd rd., 1890; 
C'litiilogupB of the Tannpr and K:iw}inaon MSS.^ 
74icholH'(t Lit^ranr Atiocdot«e and lllusiratioa 
Rawliuson MS. J. foL 17, aiid 4to 2, \ih 
Balhird'it inaiiuMript lottvm; ThurMby*« Dia 
and Corr«"-ptiiideni:e ; Bist. MS.S. Comm. Aj 
to ^T^i Kep. p. 260 ; Oxoniana, vol. ii!.; LrttMr^ 
of Kmitifini LUerary Men (Camden Soe.), pp.3&$ 
sqq. : Outit'b Lctrcr^ addrasaed to Tbonu 
Iltarao, Ili.A., pri\iitalv priattd, London, IS74.] 

H. R. t. 

HEARNE, THOMAS (17«-lSi:i. 
water-colour painter, was bom at Brial^ 
worth, near Midmesbury, in 1744. He < 
in early yniirh to l^ndon, where in 17C3 1 
was awarded a premium by the Society i 
Artfl. In 17tJB he waa apprenticed to Wfl_ 
Lism Woolleit, the enp^aver, with whom hp 
stayed forsix years. In 1771 he accomptnied 
to the I^ecward Islands Sir Balph rayaqjl 
lord Laviiiffton, the newly appointed 
vemor, and remained there three years and 
half, mahini; druwin^e of the character 
feature!* nf the islands. This work employi 
him fnrtwn years after his return, and tur 
the direction of bta art from enpruving" 
drawing in water-eolours. In 1777, in < 
junction with William Byrne [q. v.], he con 
menced tbe moat important undertaking I 
his life. ' Thi* Antiquities of Grpat Britain 
Thl'i work r>ccupied him till 1781. For] 
he WkHcuii'd all tlio drawinpt, 6fty-two _ 
number^ and they were uxbibited at the gal- 



lery in Spring Onrdens. During the eiten- 
»ive toura tliroiigliout Cirvat 13ntain which 
lh«work necessitated, Heamestudit'd nature 
with care, iuvetiting his topograjthical druw- 
inn with ofiecto of light and atmo.<tphere 
aefdom attempted by previous draughtsmen 
in watciM:oInur. He may thus bo said to 
hove done much to revive attention to Gothic 
urcUitocture, and to have been one of the 
founders of the English school of water- 
colours. Hisart had much influence onGir- 
tin and Turner, both of whom copied his 
drawings at the houfit's of Dr.Tliomni^Monro 

tq. v.] and John Henderson, senior, the well- 
nowu coniioUseura and patrons of young 
artists. Trtim 1781 to 180l' he exhibited 
di'awiuga of landscape and antiquarian re- 
mains at the Royal Academy. Uq was a 
fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. lie died 
in Macclesfield Street, Soho, on 13 Aphl 
1817, and was buried at Busbey. 

There Is a fine collection of Lis drawings 
ui the British Museum, and there are others 
at South Kensington. 

[Redgmve's Diet. ; Bryan's Diet., sd. OmTei ; I 
Graves's Diet. ; Monkhouae'a Earlier English 
Water-colonr Painters 1 C. M. 

HEATH, BENJAMIN (1704-1760), 
critic and book-collector, bom at Exeter on 
20 April 1704, wss eldest son of Deajninii) 
Heath, fulterand merchant of Exeter(bom at 
Exet«Taboutl(i7^>.anddied28MayI728),who 
married Elizabeth Kel[and(huriedatSt.l>eo- 
nard'a, Exeter, in October \72il). Hispareota 
w«ra probably nonconformists, as he was not 
bapftiwd in St. Leonard's Church until 1 1 Oct. 
1 729, when both of them had died. He was 
educated at the Exeter grammar school, and 
is said to have been admitted as a student 
of the Middle Temple iu 1721, and again in 
17^. The family records assert that he 
completed his education at the university of 
Oxford, hut his name does not appear in the 
printed matriculation liaU. On nia fathers 
death he inherited the handsome fortnnii of 
.%,000/., and about 1730 set out on the 
'grand tour.' Hia trarela took htm to 
Greneva, where he niAxried Rose Hftrie, 
d&nghter of Jean MIchelet, a Geneveae mrr^ 
cbant.on 12 Aug. 1732, lc»s than two montha 
after she had passed the age of fourteen. In 
1726 be had been vwam as a freeman of the 
Weavers' Company at Exeter, but hia tastar 
was not for business or a profesdon. and 
when he returned to Eoglonu he abasdoned 

I intention of being called to the bar, tad 

ttled in Eieter, where bis ^ief pleanma 

fey in literature and book-collwtiog. Dib- 

din prints in ih** * Bibliomania' (pp.fift*-02) 

hlong tetter written by HnatJi from that city 

^ 1738, with a lengthy lot of books ibot b« 



wished to buy. In 1740 he made his Anit 
appearance as an author with 'An Essay 
towanlsa nemonstrative Proof of the Divine 
Existence, Unity, and .Attributes,* d(>dicated 
to William Oliver, a physician nt Bnth. It 
is said to hare folIowe<) the linns laid thiwn 
in the * Living Temple ' of Jolm Uow*-, tho 
puritan divine. He was elected on :!3 March 
1752 to tho post of town clerk of Exeter, and 
held it until his death. All his life be 
studied the classical writers, snd tho fhiit 
of his labours was shown in the volume of 
' Notaj, sive Lectlones ad -'EachylijSophoclis, 
Euripidis qufD Kupersiint dramata deperdito- 
rumqne rcllifiuias,* which was published at 
Oxford in 17152. On 31 March in the same 
year the university of Oxford conferred on 
him the degree of D.C.L. Parr, in a letter 
toGilibert Wakefield (Wakkpield, Mcnwirit, 
ii. 459), tpcakfl with indignation of the ' arro- 

Sint andT contemptuous' terms applied t6 
eath by the German scholar Hermann in 
hia * Observatiooes Crilicie' (p. f»J*), snd hia 
note on verse 1002 of the * Hecuba.' Heath's 
object was to restore the metro of tlio Grenk 
tragedies. At home his ohservntions were 
highly valiiiKl, and he was a«kod to funiish 
the notes for the Greek tragedion in use at 
Eton. 

The cider-producing districts were much 
agitated at the imposition of an excise duty 
on the producer of 4s. a hogshead by the 
ministry of Lord Bute in 1763, Popular 
meetingi were held throughout Devonshire, 
Herefordshire, and Worcestershire, and vio* 
lent attacks were made on the ministry.. 
Heath took a prominent part in the contro- 
versy, and was the author of 'The Case of 
tho County of Devon with reaped to (be 
consequences of the new Excise Duly on 
Cyder and Pt-rry ' (17fi3), to which many 
have aaerihtM] the repiial of the act In 17fln. 
The freeholders of Devonshire presontrd him 
with * a very lonre waiter ana two pair of 
candlrsticka* in 1764 to mark their appre- 
ciation of his exertions. For some time he 
retained his tatemst in politics, and conteitt- 
plated contesting the city of Kxeter^ but 
thoogh be "pent 1,000^ in jireliinlnary ex- 
pensea, he dia not proceed to the jt^lK H*ath 
laaood ononymoasjy in 1 7iVi ' A lUvisol of 
Shakunpeor's Text.wfaereia tb« alterations in- 
troduccKl into it by the more nodem Editors 
and Critiea ore particulariy eotundcred.* He 
pniMi Tbeobald,and urefvlf e«nnifMi War> 
Dorton's conjectural eaiJsdattons. Ilia stock 
of crilicaJ appliances ww acatity. He ilid 
not poesess a copy of cUhrr of tho foHo e«Ii- 
lions of 8hakeffpMf». mot had h^ Ma flir 
TliomM Haanv'a tdHSon, trot bis naiaml 
tnWMM' prodnead tnuiber of Tpry s«a«iM* 



Heath 



340 



annotatiomi.* 1 1 is nome appeared on tbe title- 
pagPB of two voluiQffl of * Anaotations illus- 
t rat ire of the Plavs uf Slmkespeare, by John- 
mm, St«eveu.->, Mitlune. Heath ' (ISJO), but 
very few of his critical olwenations are in- 
corporated, tlpulh wu« ' iilways a rnnrlyr to 
had health, arid led t)iB lifu of a vuletudi- 
narian.* Hedied al Kxt;t«ron 188ept. ITGG, 
and wan buried at St. J>*onard's, Kxeler, on 
:t\ St'pt. On tbf day after the funeral the 
mayor and chamber of the city passed a reso- 
lution that a copy of his full-length portrait 
by llobt'rt Edge Plnt^ should be nrndc by that 
artist and depoj*ited in the Guildhall, where 
it *lill lianjfB. A mfEzntint enpTaviag- of it 
waA execi>t«d by J- Dixon, and has been in- 
troduced in * Hnathiana' (p. 8), and on p, 606 
of Diltdin'H M^ibliomania/ Ilia wifo, born 
r» July 1718. sunivf'd until 19 Nov. 1808. 
Their family wu« sevt'n aonii and six daugh- 
t^m, of whom five ^ons and three daughters 
lived to iniddle age. His son Benjamin was 
hoad-maeterof Eton. A family group of Mrs. 
Ucath and sevi-n nf her children waa painted 
by It. K. Tine, and an auLolyin! print, from 
a n*diiiVHi facrtimilt* in wat^-r-colniirs by Q. P. 
]{arding, faces y. \2 of * Hejitliiana.' Mrs. 
Heath wne naturalised by a 8i>ecial act of 
IMirlmmenl about 17t)0. 

Hia fifreftt-gTftnd«on, Baron Ttobert Ama- 
deua Heath, prederved tht* follnwing nianu- 
acripU by him : 1. ' Spicilegium Virgilianum, 
aeu notm ad Virj^ilii edltiones Burmannia- 
iiamet Martynianam.* 2. 'Kuripides recen- 
aitua caatigatua et illu^tratus ad Kupple- 
mentumedittonum Kingianieet BanieRianee.' 
il, 'Tjectionum antic|uiinim para prima, sive 
Lectionea G&tullianm nd editionem f'anta- 
brigienflem.' 4. ' Lectionea TibulIiauEE.' 
f». Supplement to new edition [bv Seward] 
of l^aumont and Fletcher's worlis. John 
Foratt-r, in a iHtcr printed in Mlenthiana' 
(p. II), lutya that Dyre had seen the last 
manuacript, and had adopted some, but not 
enough, of i\A aiiggested readinR't^. In 1883 
it waa preaented by Baron lieath to the 
British Mu»«um and ia nnw Addit. MS. 
•timO. In addition I0 these works Heath 
left behind him moat of the materials for a 
new e<lition of Ileitiod. He waa a collector 
of rare boolta from the ago of thirteen, and 
in hia lifetime distributed his library between 
two of his fions, but still left a largo collec- 
tion. There was printed in 1810 a ' Cata- 
logue of Bonti.'t containing all tho rare, uiieful, 
and valuable PublicatinnB to the present time 
!o be S<dd in April anil May by Mr. Jeflerv, 
No. II Pall Mall,' and the ifatalogue wasre- 
iiaued later in tho vear with the pricea and 
names of the purcbaserA. Heath w^na tho 
principal collector of this library, but it was 



augmented by hi» son, the Uev. Benja 
He&th. 

(Heftthi;ina [hv Sir W. R. I>rakeJ, privatrij- 
print<Kl, 1881 fol. and l&8'i fol.; Kichols'i Ui, 
Anecd. ii. 276-7, ir. 285 ; Halkeu and Lai«g>^ 
AnunymoUK Lit. i. 319. ill. 3204 ; Uibdin'ft fii^ 
Decameron, iii. 368; Oliver's Etatcr. p. 216; 
Davidsoa's Bill. Deron. p. 109 ; WatMo'i W■^ 
burloD, pp. 337-8 ; Ocnt. Mag. 1704. n. 3i6] 

W. R C. 

HEATH, CHARLES (1761-1831), to^« 
grapher, waa a native of Hurcott, near Kid 
derminster, Worce»ter»hire, where his fath 
owned extensive paper mill^ About 11 
he aet up as n printer at Moniuoutb, 1 
prepared a number of topographical worL 
on the neighbourhood, These he printed «M 
his own press, and all ran through maoT edi- 
tions. Ileath was twice mayor of "iloD- 
mouth. Af^er his death (7 Jan. IH^l) bi« 
fellow-townsmen erected a monument abor*_ 
hia grave in Si. Marv's churchyard. Mo 
mouth, and the inscnption stated lliat I 
books'first brought intothe noticeoftouriKU 
the many picturesque points of interest ini 
neigh bonrnood. Hia works included I 
toriipftl and descriptive accounts of the to* 
of Monmouth (1804), of theKvmin Pavilio 
and Beaulieu Gwvc (1807, 1 800), of Tinte 
Ablwv (1703, 180t>), of the town and . 
of Chepstow (1793. 1805, and 1808), and 1 
Haglan Castle (1797; llth edition, ]H'JQ} 
He also wrote 'An Kxcursion down the W| 
from Ross to Monmouth.* 

[Gent. Mag. 1831, pt. i. p. 92; J. P. And*. , 
fton's Book of British Topography ; informatiw ' 
kindly rommunicntad by H. A. Eroni, e9ri.,of 
Tuishill Lodge, Chepstow.] 

HEATH, CHARLES 0785-1848), 
graver, bom in 178^, was illegitimate son 1 
James Heath [q. v.], the engraver. Hen 
ceivedinstructiouinengravingfrombisfatbd 
and an etched head done by him at the af 
of six is in the print room at the Britij 
Museum. He proved an apt pupil, helping 1 
carry to perfection the style of amaU ulaw 
for book illuotretion initiated bv bis faiha 
He was early in life a fellow of the Society ( 
British .Artists, and contributed forsomerew 
to their eihihitious, but subsequently leftth 
society. His Mnall plates for the numerou 
popular e<UtionB of English classics are exfl 
cuted with great taste and delicacv. and 11 
some of his portraits, such as that of * Lad| 
Peel ' after Sir Thomas Lawrence, he attaine 
great excellence. In his larger plates he wa 
less uniformly successful ; among these ^ 
'Puck' and 'The Infant Hercules' i 
Reynolds, 'Sundav Morning' after M- W3 
Sharp, * The Girl at the "Well * after R. We 



Heath 



34« 



Heath 



■11,' The Bride ' after C. R. Leslie,' A Gentle- 
man of the time of Charlea I ' after Vandyck, 
* Ecci.' Homo' aUpt 0. I>oIce, * Kuropa' after 
W. Hilton, ami 'Christ Healing the- Sick in 
the Temple' aftt«r B. West, a larp- engraviug 
-wliich ttmk him some years to L'oinph'ti.'. In 
May 1820 his collection of engrannga was 
dispersed by auction, apparontJy from pecuoi- 
ary difficulties. Heath, thoug^h not the origi- 
nator, wus the chief promoter of thu well- 
known illiistmted ' AnnunU/und kept a large 
school of asftisliints working under his HUpep- 
intendence. The later years of hia liff? were 
almost entirely occupietl in the production of 
the * Keepwike,' the * Picturejfiqiie Annual,' 
the ' Literary Sonvenir/ the ' Book of Beauty,' 
thn * Amulet,' and publications on a similar 
Kcale, such as Tumer'a ' England and AVales.' 
The engravings in these works are executed 
with manrellous technical Hkill and fidelity, 
but being fiomewhat cold and mechanical in 
appearance fuiliHl to maintain their hold on 

Euolic tasle. H<»th engraviHl but little with 
ta own hand in them. Among his pupils 
were the well-knnwn engravers Doo and 
Watt. Heath died on 18 Nov. Iftl8. in bis 
sixty-fourth year, leaving a family, of whom 
one son became an engineer and another was 
brought up to hw father's profession. In 
April 1840 a second sale waa held of liit stock 
engravings executed since 1826. 

[KedgrdVe'sDict.of Arliat*; Dodd'amaniisiTipt , 
HiBi.ofEuffnivcr»(Brit.MuB.A.ldit.MS.a3-i01); 
Gem. M^. 1840. DCW Mr. xxxi. 100 ; Art Jour- 
ttal^lSiS; Brit, Maa. Cat,; prirato information.] 

HEATH. Cn RISTOPI I ER ( 1 802-1676), 
mini^tcrof toe catholic apostolic church, Gor- 
don Square, London, was bom in I^nd'jn on 
26 March 1802. Hi» grandfather, Benjamin 
Heath, was a velvet manufartun^r at Birming- 
bam. His father, John llo-ath. was a surgeon 
inthe navy, who, after being }in;»entin Lord 
Ilowe'saction of 1 June 17W,left^ tin? M>a wr- 
rice and practised at 09 Hat ton Tiard'-n ai a 
8nrg«on uentist. The eon, rhristophnr, en- 
tered St. PaulV School.London, I Sow 1^13 : 
iu 1817 becAme a pupil under his father, and 
eventually succeedea to bta profpauiion, He 
wa.li brought up in the church nf EngUoil, 
but bein^ attracted by tba preaching of M> 
word Irving at the Caledonian Chapel. Crfm 
Street, Htttton (iardeu, beranu- m irn.-u)l»'-r of 
hiflcosgrention there in May \H3'J. Hrrw- 
nored wtta Irving wlwn \h- f mW hi« iwn- 
ffngfttion U> Newman Stnsrt JUU on 'M Oct, 
1932, and was called to be an ekitr of tlu> 
church. Some time aftrr lr\-iit|f« 6mth 
(3 Jun« 1IS36) H«atfa wh TITiii'tit to aue- 
ceed him as angel or mtnartcr of tlw emfw 



gation« being ordaim^d by John Bat«Cardale 
[(J. v.], the apostle. Tpon this hn pnve up 
his profession, and niovctt to M Newmnti 
Ktretit, adjoining the church. In courw of 
time, finding that the Newman Slroi't Hall 
was small and inconvenient, in conjunction 
with bis deacons ho obtained plans from 
Raphael Brandon for an early Kncbsh build- 
ing in Gordon Siuiare. Of I his he laid the 
first stone in I8ol, and it was opened on 
C'hriatniaA-<!ve \Holi, bt-ing at that timt' pro- 
bably thenioi(t besutiful ccrle8iai4iicul build- 
ingL>rected in England since the lU-fnnnntion 
Tht! wftftt end of the church whs, how^vrr, 
never (inished, owing to want of fundti. 
Here he and Uts congregation coniinueil t<i 
bo the central point inLondonof the catholic 
apOHtoIicchurch(common1v called the Irving- 
ita church). He paid otAcial vinirs tn tlm 
bninchc'hurche?in rrnnce, Belgium, Switwr- 
Innd,OermaiiT, and l>i<ninork. But hmmain 
work was in l/m'lon, whrre, benid*'* the cartt 
of bis large flock, he had much rtwpoiiKibiliiy 
as atrusteeaodadministratorof church funds. 
He was a man of great energy and industry, 
and much tnifltc>d for his tirmnees, tact, and 
patience. He died of conguntion of t he lungs 
at 28 Gordon Sfjunre on 1 Nov. \H7ti. On 
20 Nov. 1827 he married Eliza, daughter of 
James Barclay ; she died at 40 < Jordon Souar*-, 
on 3 July IHRI, aged "H; by herlit* was mtber 
of a large family. l){ his suns, (.'hrist/jpluir 
Heath is a well-known surge<in in I^ondoh. 

[Oardiocr'ti St. Paat'H School, )88i, p. 217; 
Miller's Irvinftium, IH7H, i. 1.VJ. 2^H. 318; A 
Xarmtiro of tha J*mc«dit^g« nf Mr. i.,'. Ilimth r, 
Joa«ph AnicKt'ur)*, l84t);inrunDatioD from Jamui 
HmU), oaq., Biriningluiin ] O. G. B. 

HEATH, DL:NBAK ISIDORE (1819- 

I88«), helorndnx divine, bom in H IB, was 
inlucatrd at Trinily fJoIIi'jpi', ('arobridgp, 
whiffv ba graduated HA. tm hfth wranglfr in 
1888fUidooiniii0ncrdM.A.in 1H41 ( (iraduaii 
Cnntabr. ed. IHHI. p. 'Mr,). \U waa fAmuA a 
ffllownfhis c/dh'gi'.and wajipfeMBtedtoIlM 
criIl«{f«livingufBnidingintlurIaUofW1ff))l. 
Tb«f« b« praacht'd in IKiO, tad jrubli^bed 
in lAflO, a •ni''* nf * Si-naoiw on Tmjinrtant 
Subjects,' whirh w»."r»* «llf*grHl to he d*TQ([»- 
lory to lh<i Thiriy-nini? Artirl««. Iir«tb 
mainlainrd,cnntrar\ toibr art irle«,fint, that 
iuvtificaiion bv faith i»fb*- put*inj ♦ •■ ■-■^ oae 
in bia rigbi plocn by our Hai ' ' tn 

thit friturv, and that lb*- faith I' >%an 

i» ju«fiHi^ u not hi« faith in <.'bn*i. but tW 
fiillb'jfCbn-t h-fn**-lf; »»</.ndIy. ibalf^rfiat'i 
bbiod »*• bif 

Kaflier; ' \m 

tvA^'tft^ at All \>f rjo «}rb tttt* co*fi«^i; a»d 
^ftlify. f hat tbe idflM ead ^Mwci'fitill «f 



Heath 



34* 



Bin,* * MlwfactJun,' ' merit,' ' nectwaarv in aal- 
valion,' ' have beiin loisted into modem iliM>- 
liigy whUoat aunction from Scripture' Ac- 
cortlingly, in 18<K), a «uit wm instituted 
Bgainrit uim in tht* ciiiirt of orclioa by direc- 
tion uf his dio('&5an, Charlea Rich&rd Sum- 
nor, biabop of Winchester. Jiidf^ent waa 
dtilirerod in tlip msa of Burder r. Hoiith 
on H Nov. 1801, when the defendant was 
declared to bavn forfeited his living under 
the Blatute of 13 Ktix. c. 12. An appeal 
was made to the judicial rommittco of the 
privy council, and the judgment, delivered 
on U June ltiQ'2, confirmed tlie decision of 
the lower court, uud Heath was deprived of 
the vicarage of Bradiug. After hla depriva- 
tiou lieat-h lived in rctirtiment, and died at 
EftheT; Surrey, on '-'7 Slay 1888. 

Besides editing for somo tinio tho 'Jour- 
nal of Anthropology,* Heath wrotit : 1. ' A 
brief Aci^ount. of the Scottish and Italian 
Hiauons to the Anglo-Saxons. Collected 
from Bedeand the beat historians, and thrown 
into thi? form of n Chronicle/ London. l81o, 
8vo. 2. ' Tho Future Human Kingdom of 
Christ ; or Man'0 Hoaven to be thia earth/ 
2 vole. London, 18C3-3, 8vo. 3. ' Our Future 
Life/ London. 1863, 8vd. 4. 'Tho Exodus 
Papyri. With an historical and clironologt> 
cal introduction by Mias Corbaux/ London, 
I800, 8vo. 5. • A llecord of the Patriarchal 
Age ; or tho Proverb* of Aphobia, B.a lOtX), 
now first tranalatod from the Egyptian/ 
Ryde [IS-jS], 12rao. 6. * Sermons on impor- 
tant Subjects/ Uyde [ISttOl, iL'mo. 7. *A 
Defence of my Professujnal Character,' Lon- 
don [1802], Hvo. 8. 'Phoenician Inscrip- 
tions, part t. London, 1873, 8vo. 

[Athonsum, I) June ISliS, p. 7'itt ; Cambridge 
Ohroaicle, U< Judo 1888, p.7 ; Crockfurcl's Clerieal 
Sirrctory, 1682. p. 4D7 ; Guaniiun. 6 Jiiiio 1888, 
825; Inring's Aunali* of our Timo, p. 627; 

iId of Wi|>lii Oli«)orvor. 9 June 1888, p. A, 
IG Juno p. t>: Mon of the Tiroo. 1884; Timoe, 
18 Juno 1861 p. II, cut. 4. 19 Juuo p. ll.ool. d. 
'2 Aug. p. 9, cnl. 6, 4 Nor. p. 0, col. 1, 18 Nov. 
p. 9. cul. ;i, U June 1803 p. P, eol. 1. p. It, 
L-ol. 2.] T. C. 

HEATH, HENRY (lo99-1043), Fran- 
ciscan, son of John Heath, was baptised at 
St, John's Church, Prterbo rough, on 16 Dtx. 
LV,I0 (/WWr^ -2-2 Jan. 1887, p. IW). His 
rnn'tiiM were pn>te»tantj*, who sent him in 
1017 In Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 
when- he grndimled B.A. in IHJl (.M.V8TEltf, 
ist ^f Mt^mlter-> of C. C. C. C. p. 20). Ue 

lided in the university for about five years, 
lind was appointed librarian of hi^ college. 
Tbe peruaal of controversial works inclined 
him to Roman Catholicism, and coming to 
lx)ndon he obtainud an introduction tu George 



I 



MuACOtt, u priest, who r*;ci'i ved him into th* 
l^man communion. Mu^cott sc^nt him tJ 
the Eoeliah College at Douaj, where Dr. Kd- 
lison, the president, admitted him as a cod- 
victor. Afterwards filtering theFrancucaii 
convent of St. Bonavcntiire at Douay,he n- 
cei\-ed the habit of St. Francis in 16:23^ when 
he assumed the name of Paul of St. Magdalen, 
and at the end of that year he becaise a pRv 
fessed member of the order. He was an 'm- 
mate of the convent for nearly nineteen ywnir 
loading ft life of exception nf austerity, 
was appointed vicar or vice-pnf^ideii'tof 
house in December 1030; it8 guardian 
October 163L^ and again on 15 June t 
for three rears longer ; ciistos custodom, 
with the oiHcc of commissary of his Engluii 
brethren and sisteni in Belgium in 1637, and 
on 19 April 1040, guardian and also lectorof 
ftuhoIastictheology(OLiVEK,CaMo^icii>Aj^ 
in Cornwall, p. i>54). He next obtained leave 
to come on the English mission, and after 
lauding at Dover proceeded to l»ndon on 
foot. Ik>ing peuniless he lay down to leat 
at tht* door of a citizen, who suspected thai 
he woe a shoplifter, and handed him ova Ut 
the custody of a constable. The discoTO^ 
of some catholic writings concealed in hM 
cap revealed his cliaracter. He was convicted 
under the statute of 27 EUz. as a returned 
priest, and was executed at Tybum on 
17 April 1643. 

Ho was til r» author of : 1. 'Solllnquia sea 
Documenta Christtanm Perfectionis/ Douoy, 
1051, 12mo; translated into English 'ouC^H 
of the sixth and last Latin edition,* Douay, V 
1674, !*4mo, reprinl««l, London, \ii44, l2mo. \ 
2. Thirty treatises on various reli^oos sub- 
jects, said to have been preserved in 1743 in 
St. Bonavontura's convent at Douay. 

An engraved portrait of him in Mason's ^ 
*Ccrtamcn Scropliicum Provincitc Angiir*jH 
in reproduced in tho English tranalationa o^S 
his * Soliloquies.' 

His father, when a widower and Bearly 
eighty years old, went to Douar, was nof»- 
ciled to tho catholic church in St. BonaTsn- 
ture'a convent, and beeame a loy brother 
in the community. He died on 20 Dec 
1652. 



[Addit. MS. 6871, f- 173; Challonor'a Mis. 
nioiiary Priests. 17*3, ii. 343; Dodd's Church 
llisl. "iii. IIS; Qillow's Bibl. Diet.; tJrancer'e 
JJiog. Hist, of Knglami, 5th ud. ii. 335 : H«rl, 
MS. 7**3 j, p. lyo ; HopoH Francisciut Martyra 
in Kugland; Lamp, 1S58, i. 201 ; Mars}'s, B'lX. 
de la Pore^cuLion duH CAtliolicjurg, iii. 117; 
5Irt«iii"« CertJimen .Scruphictira.p. 63; Rnmltler, 
August 18.^7, pp. l]9,l*J0; Stauton'aMenoloigy, 
p. 1G3 : SlcTcn/a Hist, of Abbeys, i. 10S.8.] 

T. C. 



1 



343 



Heath 



HEATH, JA.Mi:S ( 1(129-1004), historian, 
on of llobcrt Iluath, the kiujr's culler, who 
Ixed in the Straml, was born in London in 
|6"J9, nnd educAU-d in WestminBU'r School. 
le entered Christ Church, Oxford, in lC4fi, 
nd waa deprived of his studvuUhip in ltM8 
r the parlianientarinn visitors. In Itlarch 
B40 he wtiR at tho IIft|Ttm at the court of 
horW H {ChnmieU, ed. 1603, p. 4m. Uv- 
j aftcrwaiYifi onfais jiatrinioov, hn ndhi'rod 
I Charles U in his oxilt- until it was almost 
ent, and then married. He was therefore 
nable to claim his student's place In 1660. 
to support his fnniily he wrote and corrected 
"br I lit) pri'RS. Ht'Hthdicdonl''>Aup. Iti04, nt 
Veil Clofte, near the Lame HoRpltal in St. 
~Arthotomew-'d parish, mid ysan hurled near 
the&cru'euof thechureh of that pitrisb, leaving' 
sevwral children nnd eome unpublished manu- 
Acript.*). ' Tic wa.<; a mod school scholar, and 
bad command of an Kng1i.sh and I^tin pen, 
bat wanted a head for a chronoloper, and was 
fsteoraed hy some a tolerable poet* (Woou). 
Heath's chief work U 'A IJrief Chronicle 
of the late Intestine Wor in the three Kinp- 
cloms of England, tSeot land, nnd [rfland.'KWil, 
Afkerwardseiihirgedandcomplctedrriim IIW7- 
ItitiS. iu 4 part*, ItJti;!. Another editiivn is 
continued by J. Philipps, Millona nephew, to 
1676 (publiBbcd Loudon, 1(170), and another 
to l&dl. * Some copiee have in them the pic- 
tures of the moflt ctniDont soldiers in I he said 
WOT, which makes the book valued the more 
hy some noTice«. But this chronicle bein^f 
moetty compiled from lying' pampUeta and all 
»nrta of news-books, then? are innamemble 
fTTon* t herein, especinllyajt to name and time, 
ihin^chietly rvquinrdin history '(i'6.) Heath 
ia extremely biassed, and states hardly any 
facta on bis own authority. Neverthele.ss 
the details he collects from the newsjiapera 
of the period nive his chronicle a certain uae- 
fulneSA, especially for the period of the re- 
public. 

His other works are : I . ' Elegy on Dr. 
Tltomas Fuller* [q. v.]. KltJl. 2. * An Es*ay 
to the C^*lpbraliou of the Anniversary Day 
of his Majesties Birth and Restitution,' Lon- 
don, ItWii; in verw. 3. 'An Elecy upon 
the moat lomentfHl Death of the late I>r. 
J. Oauden' [q. tJ, London I6(i'2; a single 
folio sheet. 4. 'TlieGlorie^and Magnificent 
Triumphs of the Hlessed Ucstitution of Kinjf 
Charles U, from his Arrival iu Holland till 
this present,' lfl*t2. «. 'Fla^tlum; or the 
Titfe and Death, Rirlh and Iturial of Oliver 
Oromwell, the Intt* K.-^urper' (Carlyle calls 
bim ' Carrion Hentli,' and adds that he is a 
"dreodfully dull individual,' Li/r of Cnnn- 
tr^li, chap, ti.>. ItRW; :Jrd edit. lOtVi; 4th, 
writh print of Orjmwell, ItMJO; other editions, 



107:;, 1079. 0. 'Klep}iwirhEpitflph)onthB 
much lnnient«d I>eathof Dr. SandMOwn, late 
Lord Bishop of Lincoln.' lGG."i. 7. 'A now 
Book of Loyal Enarlish Mnrt-yrs nnd Confea- 
sors,' ItltW.'S. 'Brief but exact Survey of the 
AfTairs of the United Netherlands,* no dat«. 
!>. * EnffUnd's Chronicle of Lives and Reig^ 
of the Kings and Queens, from Julius Caesar 
to William and Mary,' 1089; 2nd edit. lfi9L 
He WU3 perhaps t be author of verses prefixed 
to 'The Art of Lonifevity,* by Edmund Gay- 
ton [q. v.] (see "WvottfAtAena Oron. iii. 757). 

[Wood's AthrneOxon.od. Blim, 1813, iii. 663, 
it. 766; List of tho Quoen'ii SolioLireof West- 
minster, pp. I'J.'), i27; Walker's .Sufferings, ii. 
109; Wntl's Bibl. liril. 1821. p. 470; HaaliltV 
Collections, 2nd wr. lS8i p. 274. 3rd ser. 1887 
p. 107; Lowndos's Bibltog. Hantwl, 1850. li. 
lOiO.] N, D. F. P. 

HEATH. JAMES (1757-I834),en(rraver, 
born VJ April 1 757. was eldest son of George 
Heath, a yeoman farmer at llorton in Staf- 
fordshire, by bis wife, a Miss liunball. He 
was first luiicled as a pupil to the engraver, 
Joseph Collyer the younger [q. v.j CoHyer 
was an exacting mn.'tter, and by att^y appli- 
cation Heath acquired his great mechanical 
skill. His earliest ongravings were some of 
the portraits in thucotl'.'clcd edition of Horace 
Walpole'e worka. Hy was subsequently 
employed to engrave Stothard'a designs for 
Harrison's ' Novelists* Magazine' ond Bell's 
'Poets,' ond the taste and dexterity with 
which he rendered these email illustrations 
brought this style of illustration into great 
jKjpularity. His engravings after Stothard, 
Smirke, and others, are very nnnitrous, and 
are to be found in Shaqte's * British Classics/ 
the ' Lady's Poetical Magazine,' Forater'a 
'Arabian Nights,' Glovcr'a ' Leonidns,' and 
many similar editions of popular works. He 
engraved some of the plates for BoyduU's 
' Shakespeare,' and also in J802 published a 
series of^illustnttions of Shakespeare on bis 
own account. In 1780 be exhibit*Kl three 
engravings at the exhibition of tho Society 
of Artists. In 171*1 he was elected an asao- 
ciate engraver of the Royal Academy, and 
in 1704 wos appointed historical engraver to 
George HI, continuing in that post under 
successive sovereigns until his death. He 
engraved some Urge plates, notably 'Tbo 
Doad Soldier 'afi^-r J. Wright, 'The Death 
of Nelaon ' after B. We.-it, * The Riots in Broad 
Street. 1780.' alter F. Wheatley/The Doalh 
of Major Pieraon ' after tho picture bv J. R. 
Copley in the National tJalhry, * 'f itianV 
iHtughti-r'af^er Titian, 'The Ilnly Familv' 
and • TIio Good Shepherd ' after Murillo.'T^o 
Holy Family (Orlians) ' after Raphael, &o. 



Heath 



344 



JIc worked first id stippk' and afterwanJs in 
linOf sometimes in conjunction with others, 
keeping a large number of pupils working 
under hia direction. He rt'-engravt'd the 
existing set of Hogarth's plates, and cx)ni> 

f deled the engraving of Stotbard'a * Canter- 
lury PilgriniB,' left unfinished hv Scbiuvonetti 
at his dealh. He also engraved numerous 
porlruitx. Heath amassed a considerable for- 
tune, but lost much property by a 6re in 1789. 
About 1823 he retired from his profc(wiun, 
and his stock of proofs and other ttngravings 
was dispersed by auction in that year. He 
married about 1777 Elizabeth, dau^^hter of 
the Rev. Dr. Thomas, a Welsh clei^man, 
by whom be bad one son, (ieorge Ileatb, 
al'lerwards serjeant-ol-law. Charles Heath 
( l7Wn-lH4Sj [(J. v.] was an illegitimate son. 
Heath died in Qreat Coram Street, London, 
on 15 Nov. 183-1. A portrait of lleath by 
Sir Joshua Reynolds is in the collection uf 
Mr. Samuel Parr at Nottingham ; another bv 
J. Lonsdale is in the National Portrait Oal- 
lery ; others, by W. Behnes, L. F. Abbott, 
and T. Oeoi^, have been engraved, and a 
pmall oval portrait was engraved ibr the 
'Monthly Slirror" of 1706. Uoexhibited in 
18.*W at the Uoyal Academy * Children play- 
ing with a Donkey,' but it ifl not stated to 
have been on engraving. 

[RfidgraTe'sDict of Artist a ; PoddS manuscript 
Hist, of Knglibh EnffTikVfra (Brit. Mnn. Addit. 
MS. 33401 ) : Memoirs of AbnibAin Raimbach ; 
Sondby's Uist. of the Royal Academy ; Pyo'i 
Patronngp of British Art; Catalogiit-8 of the 
Royal Academy, &c.; private ioforiuution.] 

L. 0. 

HEATH, JOHN {Ji. 1615), epigramma- 
tist, wna born at Stalls, Somersetshire, and 
Hntered at Winchester School in ltJ(J(> at the 
age of thirteen ( Kikby, WinchefUr 'Schoiare, 
p. 159). Ho matriculated at New College, 
Oxford, on 11 Oct. 1605, when his age isgivcn 
as iwonty, waa admitted perpetual fellow in 
1600, and proceeded B.A. 2 May 1609, and 
M.A. 18 Jan. \mS(Ji*ff. Univ. dron. ii. pt. i. 
271, iii. 28«j Oxf. Hist, Soc.) He resigned 
his fellowship in lOlC. In IClO he pub- 
lished 'Two C«ntiiriea of J'^pigraranaes,' in- 
scribed to Thomas Dilson, the bishop of Win- 
chester's son, and claims that his work is 
free from ' filthy and obscene jests.' Many 
epigrama are addressed to well-known lite- 
rary men of the day. He contributed verses 
to the volume i.'wued on the death of Sir T. 
Bodley, and to other collections of the kind. 
He translated Peter du Moulin's ' Accom- 
plishment of the Prophecies of Daniel and 
the Revelation,* in defenco of King Jamus 
against Bellarmine, 161 A, and Wood says he 
translated acme works out of Spanish. He 



was poasibly the author of ' The House of 
Correction, or certavne Satvrlcal Kpigranu 
written by J. H., Gent.,' London, 1 61 9. which 
was republished with a diflerent title-pan 
in 1621, but it is very doubtful whethwac 
is the ' 1. H.' who wrot« • The Hivcll of tlw 
Vault or the Unmasking ofMurther' ( HXXli. 
John Davie-9 of Hi-refurd has an epigram Ut 
UeAtb in the ' Scourge of Folly,' p. 252, ood 
Ben Jonson in his * Discoveries ' (\xx) uv» 
contemptuously, ' Heath's epigrams and tii 
skullcrV ( i.e. John Taylor's) poems hare lli 
applauw-' 

(Wood's Athene Oion. od. Blie, ii. 169*9 
LowDde**s Bibl. Man. 1859, ii I02B; Bnt.M«Ll 
ChI. cif JJnoliiibiffoni 1640; lUzlitt's CoIIeclioB^ 
2nd wr. 1883, p. 274; notes supplied by Mr. 
A, H. BuilL-n.] N. D. F. V. ~ 

HEATH, JOHN (I73r>-1810), judge,' 
son of Thomas Heath, alderman of Exeter, 
author of an * Essay on Job' (^Nichols, Lit. 
An«d. ii. 27B), and nephew of Benjamin 
Heath [q.v.J HewaseducatedatWestnunster 
School, ana in 1754, at the age of eighteen. 1 
matriculated at Christ Church, and took ifc 
dHgreesofB-.A.in 175Sand M.A.inl7ti2. Ka 
atimeliH filled the oflice of town-clerk of Kta 
ter. He nu admitted a member of the Inne 
Temple in May 175D, and waa csalled lo 
bar in June 17(12. In 1775 be became a i 
jeant-at-law and recorder of Exeter; and, 
being an intimate friend ofThurlow, heirw^ 
appointed, though bo bad no great practic 
at the bflr,to succeed Sir William BlackMot 
in the court of common pleas, 19 July 17>^ 
Here he satforthirty-sis years. Hp refuM 
to bo knighted on his elevation, saving that lit 
preferred to remain ' plain John Heulh,' hutj 
although chargeable with great judicial »ev 
rity (see Camfbeill, Life* of the Chnnceihr. 
iv. 33 M., vi. 154), hia learning, which was 
much esteemed by Lord Eldon, and hi* fair- 
ness made him a good judge. He tried th*i 
Bi»hop of Uangor oiid others for riot, whe 
Erskine procured their acquittal in spite i 
an adverse smnwing-up. After being lon| 
infirm, on lOJan. IBIGhediedof annpoplexy; 
but whether at HaypAor at 3fi Bedford Njua 
is uncertain (uee ' HeminiMN-ncC's' by ii. W.^ 
Blencnwe in liotea and Queries, 3rd aer. i. 
276). He was buried at Hayes in Hiddleaesi, 
where he had a farm and country house. Hii 
totrbstonc Ihcro states hisogeaseighty-fiv 
but the parish register, with prolmbly grcatc^ 
avithority, gives it as eighty. He was no(| 
married. 

[Fom'ii Lh-«fl of tha Jadges; Sutn Trials, 
xxvi. 523; Gent. Mag. 181H, p, 180: Foboo^ 
Law and Lawyers, it. 5H; Notes and QaoriM, 
3rd ser. ii. M ; Woolrych'a Eminent Sorjeants 
p. 601; Foster's Alumni Oxod.] J. A. B. 



Heath 



345 



Heath 



HEATH, NK.'IIOLAS (1501 ?-lfi79), 
«rchbi»hoj> of Yurk snd lord cliancellor, de- 
«c«nded trom lUe IleAtliH of Apsley, Tam- 
vrortb, Wfts bom in London (Bakbk), about 
1501. He received Ui« t-nrly instruction in 
St. Anthony's School, I>gudon, and is also 
Kaid to hare been ' <jducatcd tor a time ' at 
Corpus Christi College, Oxford, foimdi-'J in 
lolG. "Wood aftinns timt Heath was nomi- 
nated to Oordinal WoUey's Colt^«. Oxford, 
beforegraduatingB.A.in 1610; but tbecardi- 
nal had not begun to sek-ct students for hisso- 
ciety at so etjrl^|a period. HeatU afterwards mi- 
grat«d to Christ's College, Cambridge, wliere 
be proceeded B.A. in 151!(-2(), was elected 
fellow in 1621, commenct-d M..\. iu io'J'J, and 
was electctl follow of Clare Hall on 9 April 
1524. On 17 Feb, 1631-J hp became vicar 
of Hever in the deanery of Shoreham. In 
163-1 Ht^ath was appointed archdeacon of Staf- 
ford, and in loSo took the degree of IXU- at 
Cambridge. In the UaI year he was sent, to- 
gether with Edward Fox, to negotiate with 
thu princes who formed t he Smalcaldic 1.ie»guc 
inCtermanyaa to thu king of England's join- 
ing the league, and accepting the Confession 
of Augsburg. In this negotiation IJeath is 
said by Burnet to have won the good opinion 
uf Philip Mt-lanchthon. On h'\i n'tum Ht^atti 
was appoiiitt^d almoner to the king, anil on 
*) Sept. lo37 wax in.'^titnted to the rrt^toryof 
Bisbopsboumeujidthe deanery of South Mai- 
ling. In IWyhe was elected biahopofUocbes- 
ter. An cKlition of the Kngti&b tranfdation 
of the bible, known as ' thoGreat Bible,' which 
was pubLiahed by both E. Whitchurch and 
Richard Grafton [q. v.l in November 1541, 
is described on ttie title-page as 'overisoen 
and perused * at Henry VlU's command by 
HeatuandCuthbert Tunstall, bishop of Dur- 
ham. On 22 Dec. 1C43 Heath was elected 
to the hee of Worcester, then vacant by the 
resignation of Hugh I^timer. Burnet says 
that Heath^s fear that Lutimer should be lo- 
inotated under Edward VI induced him out- 
wardly to acquiesce in the reformed move- 
ment, thoufi^h, from papers discovered later, 
it appears that he was at the time in constant 
communication with lieginald Pole and llie 
Princess Maryastosclienieii for bringing hack 
the Romish influence. Heath's real views 
were brought to a tpM by his being appointed 
i n. 1 550 as one of t he bishops to prvp&re a form 
for ordination, which had not ueeo provided 
in the first prayer-book. A form already 
arranged by Cranmer was accepted by the 
other commissioners, but Heath refused to 
sign it, tbouffh acknowledj^ng that it was 
*^M>d and godly 'and professing him.self ready 
use it. Fur this opj^ubition HeatU was 
rought before the couucti, and, ' refusing ob- 



stinately' to yield, WHS cnnimitifd to thu 
Fleet on 4 March )5ol. In September 1551 
he was again before the council. In spite of 
much nreewuri'he si ill n^fused to yield, and in- 
formed the council I hat ho would never con- 
sent to take down altars and to t^et up tables 
in churches. Htath was thereupon deprived 
uf his see by a. mixed cnmmttuiion of divinet* 
and laymen, but wus allowed to live in the 
houseof Ridley, bishop of London, whom lio 
always called ' the best learned of the party.' 
Immediately on the accession of Mary, 
Heath was restored to his see of Worcester, 
which bad beirn held in the tueantime by 
Hooper (Auifuj*t 1653). On 10 Feb. l.'w.'S 
cont/icTHirewAn issued to the chapter of York 
tn elect Mt^nlh as their archbishop in succes- 
sion to Holgate, deprived. The election wn« 
made and conlinnen by bull of Pope Paul IV 
on 21 June 1555, and by the grant tif the |iaU 
on 3 Oct. Thenrchbislioplmd previously l>i"«n 
appointed pr\*ident of Wales, liv used his 
innuenco with Queen Mary to procure con- 
sidernble bcuefactiaiis for tho eW'O of York. 
His predecessor had denuded the see of many 
manors. Of these Heath procured thtj restitu- 
tion of liipon aud seven other manure in York- 
shire, anu the church of Southwell and fivt- 
other manors in Nottiughamshire. It is tsaid 
that the see of York owes Qneeti Mary and 
Heath more than a third of its possessions 
I Willis). These cJumges were no doubt 
facilitated by Heath's legal position, as, at 
ihf beginning of 1556, bo received iho greut 
seal in succession to Sir Nieholaa Hare, and 
thu temporalities of the see were not restored 
to him till 2H May 1650. Heath's occupancy 
of the see of York was also marked by tho 
building of York House in the Strand, h» 
having for this purpose sold Suffolk Place, 
which had been given to him by the qiieeiu 
At the death of Queen Mary the archoi-shnp 
and chancellor n-ndcn-d a iuoi*t valuable ser- 
vice to Elizabeth by proclaiming her acces- 
sion at once in the Ilousu of l^^rds on tho 
onnouncement of Queen Mary's death. This, 
he said, 'would have been a much mon» 
sorrowful loss to them, if they had not ha<l 
such a successor, that wah the next and uu- 
ditfiKiled heir to the crown, of whose right 
and title nono could question' (Bubset). 
Queen KlixabclU never forgot this seri'ice. 
The archbjabop continui-d to hold tho oIKco 
of chancellor for a sliort time after Elixn- 
bcCh's accession, and on l>uing d».'jirived of 
tbescal was ronlinni'<1 in the council. Hentli 
rendered another (iervir« to the new gnvem- 
ment in the disputation between the reforme<l 
and iinrefonui'd divines nt Weetuiiuster in 
tho llrsl year of Klizabiilh. The prt<liminariv» 
for the discussion wcra kU arranged by HefttU 



Heath 



346 



[eatH 



i n concert with Sir N iciiol a» Bnron, and when , 
411 the dispiitntlon rhnt cn^iietl, the Romish 
olivines relnsod tn ahida by the prelitninariea 
4hAt bad been agrveil u\ioa. Heath refused to 
uphold th^m in their otijt^etioas, and con- 
<lemni>d their disorderly cfinduct. In thn 
debate in the Ilotuto of Lords on the bill for 
«stablishing the que^n> supremacy Ho^ath 
made a Iodbt apoeob, dweUing espeeiallT on 
tlte danger of fonakiog the see of Uome andon 
tile nature of the Biipreraacy claimed, which 
he held to be ngainat tht* word of Ood. The 
speech attributed to bini by Burnet apiingt 
the Uniformity Act wo^h made by Abbat, 
Fockenham [q. v.] When the bishops were 
■called upon to take the oath enjoined by the 
-Supremacy Act, and wore summoned before 
titequeeo, QeatU naturally became the leader 
4Lnd ppokesman for the party. He nhowod 
srreat boldness on the occasion, calling upon 
Klizabeth to fultil Mary's covenant with 
the holy see for the suppression of heresy 
<VStbypu). The arclil)i.shop sulftred no ill- 
«onsequeueea from hixbold words. I* pan hia 
tiltimate refusal Ui tnka the oath, Heath, to- 
gether with the other bishops, was deprived 
<if his see. It is said that the bishops were 
«ompletely taken by surprise at the uopriva- 
tion being enforced, as there wore no others 
to supply their places. Heath's deprivation 
took place on 6 July ir>ii9 ot the lord Iroa- 
«urerahouse in Urond Street. On hisdeprl- 
vntion he was committM to the Tower, to- 
ffether with same of tbi< other recuaents. 
They w«*rt) treated mildly and allowed to 
4linu tosrether. Tn a short time Heath was 
«et at liberty and allowed tn retire to hin es- 
1 ate at Cobbam in Surrey, on g'ivin^^ on under- 
taking * not to intprnipt the luws of church 
tind Btate or to moddle with ofTairs of the 
realm.' This undertaking he appears to have 
rt.'ligiously observed, as the queen morn than 
'>nce paid him a visit at bia bouse at Coh- 
ham and was loyally welcomed. ]le was 
jillowed to dispoeo of his property aa he 
pleased, and died of old age, much respected 
*)y all, in the beginning of 1579. He was 
buried in the chancel of Cobbam Church, a 
]>lain black stone markin? his grave. His 
moderate tone was of much service to Eliu- 
beth. As the leading sur^'iving prelate of 
the Marian days he hail ranch intluencn in 
<leterniining the alt.itiidi> of the UumaniatB 
towards her. 

( Wootl'n .\tb«niio Oion. od. Bliss, ii. 817 ; Bur- 
iiKl'iiHitit. Rtifornafltion, London, 1841 ; Strype's 
Annals of lieformaiion. to!, i., Oxford, 1821; 
Willib's Catbodraln of England, vols. i. nod ii.; 
Archaologia. vol. xi-iii.; Huker'sChronide, I^n- 
<ton, 1 733 : The TnieStory of the Catholic Uier- 
Archy.hyliridgettaDdKnox, 18S9.J U. G. F. 




HEATH, RICHABD (J. 1702)^ jadgt^ 
son of Roger Heath, wasadinittitd aaamaaUM 
of the Inner Temple in July ItVi:^, ami ralkd 
to the bar in November 1050. Hemavbotha 
Mr. Heath mentionetl by Pepys (IXary, 
360) as ottomi\y to the dnohy of l^nca* 
in 1662. Ho became a lioncher of liiji ii 
in October 1677, a «erjeant-nt-law iu I 
and when Sir Edward Atkyns becdme 
baron, he succeeded to the vacancy in ti 
court of exchequer. 21 April IIjSG. Hecott* 
curred with hia colleagues iu expre«lng an 
opinion in favour of thp king's dlspensinp 
power, but did notaltogelher approve of ihr 
royal policy, as appears fnim -Siiucrofl's 8Ult^, 
ment on 6 Nov. XiSSf?, that Ileath oUeiged 
self to have had in);truction8 from the 
to pronounce the bishops petition a fsctio: 
libel. James II superseded him in 
her. hut he was excepted out of tJie Bill ol 
Indemnity after the revolution, went into re- 
tirement, and died in July I7ty2. Hemanisd 
Katherine, daughter of Henry Weston of 
Ockham and Sende, sheriff of Surrey aad 
Sussex. 

[Foss's Lives of ths Jm^gw ; 2 Showprs 
ports, p, i69 ; Stale Trials, xii- 503 ; SlntufM 
tho Koalm.vi. 178; Purl. Uu»t.v. 331 ; LuttrolP 
Bian*. i. 482, v. 198; Burke's Landed Gnnt] 
I60l'l J. AH." 

HEATH. Sra ROBERT (1575-lC 

judge, son of Robert Heath of BrasteJ, Ke 
a member of the Inner Temple, by Annd 
danghter of Nicholas Posyer. was bom si 
Rraated on 2t) May 1575, and educatefl at 
Timbridgv grammar school and St. Joha'C 
College, Cambridge, which he entered 
2CJune 1689,and where hespontthre*; yea 
hut took no degree. In lo^l he entered Clii 
ford's Inn. and on 23 May 1693 the In 
Temple, where he was called lo the haril| 
1003. Ho was reoder ut Clifford's Inn fff 
two years (1607-9), was Bpi>ointed clerk of 
the pleaain the king^s bench tor life in 1607, and 
on 7 July 1612 had a grout in trust for Kohftn 
Car, viscount Itocliester, afterwards Karl of 
Somerset, of a moiety of tho office of chief 
clerk of the iurolmeuls in the king's bench, 
with a tweinh of the emoluments in reversio 
expectant on the death of the then hot* 
Sir John Roper. When Koper was i 
the peerage as l^ord 'IVynham (19 Nov. 1 
Heath was njipointed trustee of the^ 
moiety for (reoi^e ^ii^count VilUera dttha 
Teynbam's life. He was elected a bencher( 
the Inner Temple iu 1617, and by recoume 
ilation of tho king recorder of I^ndon 
10 Nov. 161H, was autumn reader at tho In 
Temple in 1619, was returned to parliame 
for the city of London on 'JO Nov. 1620j ood 




Heath 



347 



Heat! 



Boiiit«'l EWiUcitor^ouoral ou 22 Jan. 1620-1, 
Sen ho resigned too rucordurship. lie was 
Imi^btcd at Whitohall ou 28 Jan., and soon 
aftcnvordsobtained a granlof the reversion of 
the moftorsliip of lUo colls, expectant od the 
death of Sir Juliua Cicsar. He sat in pnrlia- 
znent for Ea«t Grinstead, Sussex, in 1623-4 
and 1025, taking a promiuent position in the 
house fts one of the statinchei>t supporters of 
the royal prerogativo. II<> wa.i nlHcted trea- 
aiirer of the Inner Templu in 1625, and on 
31 Oct. of that year was ap|>oititLHl altomcy- 
f^neral. il\s accession to odico was marked 
by a more stringent cnforoeinent of the laws 
against recusnntd. In May 1620 he opened 
the case against John Digby, eurl of Hrist«l 
[q. v.], on nis impeatrhment. The proc4;eding8 
terminated on the diasolutioa of paHiaiuent 
<ial5Jiuie. Id November 1627 he ar^tKxl the 
(&ae for the crown on the habeaj> corpus sued 
Aut bySirThomas Darnell [n. i.l and the other 
kat|<^t.H imprisoned with him for refiij;in{; to 
contrihuto to the forced loan, and obtained a 
remand. In April and May following he ar- 
gued, with much inp'eauily and leamiDg, in 
support of the royal preroprativo before the 
committees of both hoiK*e^ appointed to con- 
sider its limits in regard to th^^ liberty of the 
aubjt^t, and on 1 June laid before the council 
an elaborate answer to the IVtiticm of Right. 
On 1& March 1627-8 hs ordered, underaprivy 
council warrant, the arreat of the Jesuits dis- 
covered at ClerkenwelL lu the autumn ho 
was busy with the ^oso of Felton, the mur- 
derer of the Duko of Buckingham. In Decem- 
ber Heath consented to the release on bail 
of some of the Jesuits arrested in March, for 
which he was severely censured in the ensu- 
ing parliament, but pleaded the command of 
the king. An account uf thiii nflnir, written 
by Heath himself, isprinl^'d In 'Camden Mis- 
cellanv,' vol. ii. (see also Purl. Hist. ii. 473; 
CaLStaUt Papers, Dom. 1628-9, pp. f>3, 472). 
After the dissolutionof 10 March 162H-0,and 
the subeequent committal of Holies, Eliot. 
Scldcn, and other members, Heath obtained 
the opinion of the judges that privilege of 
parliament did not protect a member from 
prosecution after the close of the session for 
offences committed during it. Ue then in- 
vtituted proceedings against the imprisoned 
members, luid obtained iudgment against 
them of impri.snnmejit during the king's plea- 
sure, Eliot being also Hned 2.000/. nna the 
others in lesser amountit (Hasted, Kent, i. 
I|7tt ; ClIEaTSB, London Marrinffe Licences, p. 
<j62; IlEA-Tiif Autobiographv in Pkitobiblon 
"w. MUn, vol. i.; Adil. Sik 0118, p. 712; 
fooD, Fasti, ed. Bllw, ii, 45 ; Inner Ttmpte 
Oil. State Papers, Dom. 1603-10 p. 
3&2, 1011-18 pp.410, 433, &95, 1019-23 pp. 



216, 298. 1628-9 ; Ut^aDiLB, On>. 107, 171 ; 
Chron.Her. 103, lOo; Notesand Queries, 3rd 
ser. i. 168 ; Wiutelocke, Lid. Fttm., Camd. 
Soc., pp. 40, 57, 73, 101 ; Speddino. Letters 
and Li/e of Uacou, v. 227 ; Commoun Debutes 
in 1020, Camd. Soc. ; tKvEDiWER, Hi^it, v/Entf- 
tand, lOOii-lOj ii. 280; Jitnurmhrancia, p. 
60 n.; Pari. Hist. ii. 70-101. 21>2 el seq. ; 
CoBBBTT, 8tnte Trials, iii. S-oH, 1^5 et eeq., 
235-H:i5; Slit John Biuhstov, Autobio- 
grnjihy, Camd. Snc., 49). 

Heath also conducted the principal Star- 
chamber prosecutions of the period, viz. of 
Uichard Cliarobers[q. v. j,a London merchant, 
in May 1629, of Dr. Alexander Loightonrn. v.] 
in 1630, and of the Earls of Bedford, Clarc> 
and Somerset, Sir Kobcrt Cotton. Selden, and 
Oliver St. John, charged in 1030 with writing 
and circulating Sir lUibert Dudley's pamphlet 
on the • Impertinence of Parliament' [see 
DnDLET, Sir Uoiikkt. and Corros, iSlK lio- 
bebtBbuce](CW. State Pa}>ers, Dom. 1629- 
1631, pp. 66-6, 95; Hkatii, Speech on the 
Case of Alexander Leighton, in Camd. Misc. 
vol. vii.: CoBBrrr, State TriaU, iii. 374-99; 
Add. MS. 23967, tf. 24-33). In Easter term 
1031 Heath appeared for the plaintitl' in the 
case of Lord ralkland, the late lord deputy 
nf Ireland, ngainst Knincis Annesley, Lord 
Mountnorris [q. v.], and others, who had 
chained l-'alkland with |>erverting justice u 
lord deputy. The cane broke down against 
Lord Mountnorris, but was sustained against 
the other defendants ICimu in tfte Star-ebnm' 
her and High Commtmon, Camd. Soc., 1 ct 
seq.) 

On 34 Oct. 1531 Heath was called to the 
degree of Beijeant-at-law ; on the 20th he 
was raised to the bench as lord chief jus- 
tice of the common pleas (Croke, Itep. 
Car, X, p. 226; Diary of John i?oi/-*, Camd. 
Six:., 03; Court and Timet nf Charles I, ii. 
137 J Rtu£r, Fddera, ed. Sanders-jn, \\x, 
346). One oft Uo firj^l cases that came b*'fore him 
was the Star-cliamber prosecution of Henry 
Sheffield, bencher of Lincoln's Inn and re- 
corder of Salisburi)-, against whom Heath 
had himself, while attome^'-general, issued 
an information for defacing a etained-glass 
window in St. lidmnnd's Church, Salisbury. 
Heath took a lenient view of the case, aod 
thought a fine of five hundred marks suffi- 
cient ; but the judgment of the majnritv of 
the court was for a fine of GOO/, and a public 
confession of error in the presence of the 
Bishop of Salisbury. Ueatli concurred in 
the SQVQgo sentence passed on Prynno forlho 
publication of * Histrio-Mastix' on 17 Feb, 
1033-4 (CoBBCTT, State Trials, iii. 510-03; 
Ihcumeute relatin;f to the Proctedinffi against 
William Pryttne, Camd. Soc., p. 17). Never- 



Heath 



^4^ 



llealh 



tb(;le»8 Heath was Kuspecled of a secret *ym- 
pttlhy with piiritani«m nnd the ponulnr party, 
aad wa8 remored from office without caune 
neai^^ on 14 Sept., and re[)lnced bv Sir 
John Kmch ( I5H4-1000) [q. v.] Ho obtwned 
k'sve from the Iciug to pructiso as a seijeant in 
all courts except the Star-chamber, and on 
12 Oct. 1636 was appointed king's 9erj*:ant. 
In thia capacity he appeared to prosecute 
Thomas Harrison, a clerfryman, indicted in 
Trinity terra 1638 for publicly charping Sir 
Richard Hut I on [q. v.],jusl ice of the common 
pleas, while ttitling in court at \Ve8tmin>Jt'>r, 
with lii^h treason. Harrison was convicteil. 
Ill May 10-10 Heath examined the ringleaders 
in some anti-papistical riotous assemblies 
hold in Lnmheth and Southwark. 

On 23 Jan. 1640-1 Heath was appointed to 
a puisne judgeship in the king'fi bench, and on 
13May lollowingtoa mastership in the court 
of wania and liveries. The latter appointment 
was cancelled a few days Inter, He attended 
the king to York in May 164:^, and was * sent 
for by parliament ' a% a delinqupnt, but took 
ri'fiigi! in Lord Strangt>'s house in I>anca.>(biro. 
He rejoined the king at Oxfonl in the autumn, 
and in tJctober was appointed chief justice 
of the king's bench in succession to Sir John 
Bramston, though, according to Dugdale,hi8 
patent was not isatied until 31 Oct. 1643. In 
this capocit^ he tried, at tlie Oxford Guild- 
hall on 6 Dec. 1642, four prisoimra of war, 
viit. Captain John Lilburue [q. v.] and three 
other officers of the parliamentary army, on 
a charge of high treason, in that they had 
bnmo arms against the king. The parliament 
threatened retaliatory measures, ami thu pn>- 
eecdinga were abandoned. On 4 July 1643 
be received a commission of oyer and ter- 
miner to go circuit in Oxfordshire and the 
neighbouring countif?. with liberty to avoid 
diHtiirhed districts. He held an assize at 
Salisbury in the autumn, ucctimpuuied by 
Sir John liankea^n. v.] ami Sir Hobert Foster 
[(J. v.], at which the llarla of NorthumI>er- 
land, Pembroke, and Salisbury were indicted 
for high treason. The grond jury, nolwith- 
stondtng the utmost pressure from tbejudges, 
threw out the bill, nn offence being shown 
but that of ajtsist ing the parliament. Heath 
also tried obout the same time Captain Tur- 
pin, a parliamentarj' sea-officer taken by the 
royalists in their recent attempt to relieve 
Exeter, and sentenced him tn death as a 
traitor. Though reprieved, Turpin was kept 
cloae prisoner by Sir John Berkeley (d. 167H) 
[q. T.J, the governor of Exeter, who in July 
banged himoy way of retaliat ion for the exe- 
cution of Captain Howard, a deserter from the 
p«rliajnent4J7 army. The House of Com- 
mons thereupon impeached Heath and his 



colleagues of high trpason(22JtUv). In()ct'>- 
ber 1644 he wa» placed on the [i>t of th(ij>M 
to be condemned before the passing of ihe 
Act of Oblivion, and in thcfoUnwinKDRceia- 
ber was excepted from pardon. His phic 
woe declared ^-acant, as if he were desd, *iy 
ordinance of 22 Nov. 1046, and his es'ii'" 
were subsequently sequcst^rrc*!. He fl-.-! ' ■ 
France in 1646, and died at Calais on 30 Aog. 
1640. Ue^vas buried in Brasled Church, be- 
neath a stately monument, 

Huringhisrc-tidt'npein Franco Heath wmii? 
the brief autobioEraph y published in the ' Plii- 
lobiblon Society Miscellany,' vol. i.; prohaWj 
also a curious catena of the virtues of a jud 
twenty-four in number, to corrcfipood ' 
the links of bis collar of SS, and each, : 
studiousnees to sanctity, denoted by ■ te 
beginning with the let ler ^, discovered amo 
his autogroph paperv in the poeaeesion of I 
descendant, Lord Willoughby de Bnikis I 
E. Shirley, esq., and by him commiinicatfl 
to * Notes and Queries ' in 1854 ( Ist ser. ; 
3ti7). Heath is the author of a formal tr 
tii«e on ])leading, published under ibe tit! 
of' Maxims and Hules of Pleading in Actioi 
Iteal Personal and MLxt Popular nnd Pecs' 
&c., London, 1694. 8vo. As a constitution 
lawyer be w-us distinguished by learning sfl 
ability. He exhibited rare consta.ncy lo ^ 
principles, and seems lo have been sineer 
religious and benevolent to the clergy {Pn 
eeedin^A in Kent in 1640, Camd. Soc., U* 
129). He was a friend of learning, and 
IGvIO showed his attachment to bi.« colle_ 
hv presenting some books to the librar 
(bAKEH, Hi»t. of Si. John's CoUt^, 
bridge, :i40, 498^. His portrait in mlf sn 
robes, by an unknoi,vn hand, is in St. John 
Oolleffe ; an engraving of the same by Holll 
done in 1664, udoni« the HiW edit ion of Duj 
dale's 'OriginfsJuridiciiiles'Cf'i^rfw.iVrr.ll 
an etching from the entrraving by Richaf 
SawytT (IS:?<)) is in the British Museun 
( Adi. MS. 32351 >. The features are regida 
the brow broad and massive, the eyea T 
and penetrating. 

Heath married, onlO Dec. 1600, Margar 
daughter of John Miller, by whom be lu 
five sons and one daughter, who 8ur\'iv« 
him. Mary, thedaugliter, married Sir 
liflm Morley of Halnaki-r. Sussex. The clde 
son, Edward, was created a knight of ' ' 
Bath at the Ue.atorat ion, recovered bis fathc 
estates, and also the fees which he ought 
have received as chief justice of tho kiuj 
bench, but which hod been apprnpriat*»d 
the protbonotory of that court. He mania 
daughter of Ambroee, brother of Sir Ge 
Croke [q-v-]. tlirougb whom he acquired 1 
manor uf Cottesmore in Kutlandebirc. 



Heat! 



349 



>nd Aon, Julin, wiu cnlled u> The bar at 
^ Inner Temple in 1634, and becorno at- 
ly-general of the dacliy of Lancuster on 
liestoriition, was knig^hted at AVhitfhall 
May Ii}64, and sut in parliumt^nt for 
"leroo from IGOI to 1079 lU* married I 
ret, daughter of Sir John .Mtftinea, by ' 
>ui he had an only dotifrhter, Margaret. { 
married in 17ia George, fourth lord i 
[loughby do Broke. 

iidn tho )iothoriti<>6 cited in the text, «eo ' 
ipbell'K Lives of tho Chief Juaticvs; Fota'a ! 
PDof the Judgeri : Hackot'n Scrinia Rtworata, ! 
~X16; Biiabwurth's Hi»i. Cotl. ii.?d3,v. GSo; 
of Jobn Kutut, Curad. Soc.. 77; Crake's 
i.'Car. 1. p. 376; DugdaleV Chron. Ser. lOS. 
^,110; Col. Stale P&pars, Dom. 1634-6 p. 
", 1640 pp. 171. 152, 33fi. 1644 (.. 351; 
liall Pia^agwi. 13-20 Sept. 164-2; A Cod- 
iDlioi), iic. 2^.90 Dec. 1642; Cubbett's State 
fftlft, tii. 1370; Rvmer'it Fcedora, vd. flander- 
I, K. 448, 617; lords' JoumuU. v. 113, 123- 
124, ri. 043, vii. 287, x. 5^9; Sir John Bmm- 
pton'ti Aut/iliiogmphy, Ci»md. Soc, 87 ; Xotr* and 
Queries, 1st bcr xii. 269; G&rdinrr's Hist.; 
Perfect Paasages. 23-l> Oct. 1644; Mercar.Brit. 
S-16 Dec. 1844 ; Thurloe SUito Tapers, i. 80; 
"Wood's Annals of Oxford, cd. Gulch, ii. 46; 
Clareodon's Kebcllioa, ed. 1849, bk. x'w. § fiO; 
ComniDDH' Jouroals, iii. ^67. iv. 3>^0 ; Uasted's 
Kent. i. 379 ; Ni<!olas'9 Uist. of BriUrh Knigbt- 
hood, vol. iii. Chron. List, xirii. ; W. Nelson's 
Rep. 75; Cat. i>ute Pupent, Dom. 1681-2, p. 
342; Le Nove's PotllgKitia of Kaighto. Harl. 
Soc.; Wright's Rutland, p. 40; Evelvn's Diary, 
14 Atig. 1054; CoUins's Peerage, ed. Brydgea, 
vi. 701 ; Dougliw's Petrftge of Scotland, i." 3'23.] 

J. M. R. 

HEATH, TIOBERT (J. 1650), poet, was 
nor improbably the Uohcrt Heath (bom in 
Jjondon) who entered Corpus Christi Col- 
lege, Cambridge, in llV^, and has Latin 
rersm before (Abriel Dugrts's 'GrammaticiD 
nallicte Comptandium,' lUSti. He mavalso be 
the 'R. H.' who published in 1^59 'Para- 
doxical Afuertioii.H and PhiloHophical l*ro- 
bleiutt.' His chief work, ' ClarHslella ; to- 
gether with Poems occasionoJl, Elsies, Epi- 
mnu, Sfttyn,' 8vo, was Uaued by Humphny 
Moseley in 1650. From MoseUy'a address to 
tbi' reader it appearfi that the book was pub- 
lished without Heath's knowlodgo. The first 
pari consists of a series of love-poems to 
* (Maraste][a ; ' among the 'occasional poems' 
are Home verses headed *To a friend wishing 
peace,' de^cribingtho inconveniences of civil 
war, and eamcsl ly jdcading for t ht; establtah- 
luent of peace; the tbtnl part includes ele- 
gies on Sir Buvil Grenvil, William Lawes. 
the musician, and other friends who had fal- 
len in the wars ; the fourth part is a collec- 
tion nf epigrams; and the volume concludes 



with a batch of .tatin-s*. Some of the paemn 
addre«8ed to 'Claraslella'are hardly inferior 
to Carcw's best love-verses. 



Athenie; Retruspectivo Raviow, ii. 
A. H. B 



(Cole's 
227.1 

HEATH, ROBERT (rf. 1 779), mathema- 
ticinn, was a captaiu in the army, and ii* 
described late in life as a 'half-pay captain 
of invalids' (Letboitkn). For a time he 
served with his regiment in tho ScLlly Isles, 
and while there wrote ' A History of the 
l!*lands of Scilly, with a Tradition of the 
Land called Lioness, and a General Account 
of CornwoH.' The book, published in Lon- 
don in 1750, and dwiicated to the Duke of 
Cumberland, included a new map of the itdes, 
drawn by himself from an actual survey 
made in 1744; it Vf&A reprinted in 1808 in 
Pinkerton'a 'Voyages and Travel.*,' ii. 729- 
784. Heath is best known as a frequent con- 
tributor to the * Ladies' Diarv.* Ilis earliest 
contribution to that periodical is dated in 
1737. He rapidly secured a high position on 
the staff, and proposed the prize essavs for 
1730, 1740, 1742, 1740, and 1748. \Vhen 
Henry Beighlon [q. v.\ the editor, died in 
October 1743, the proprietors, tho Stationers' 
Company, allowed Beigh ton's widow to con- 
duet the' Diary,' with the aidof Heathas her 
deputv. In tha^ capacity Heath exercised full 
editorial control from 1744 to 1753, and con- 
tinued to write largely for the work, conlri- 
buting under hia own and assumed names. 
But Heath's violent temper and loose notionH 
of honesty brought him into endless dlflicul- 
ties. A personal quarrel withThomasSimp(ton 
[a. r.] led Heath to abuse virulently in print 
Simpson's 'Doctrine of Ultiraators' (1*50) 
and ' Doctrine of Fluxions' (1751), while he 
praised inferior works on the same subject by 
William Emerson [q. ▼.] John Taylor, who 
like Emerson was a contributor to the ' Diary,* 
inserted in his 'Mathematical Exercises* 
(I750>*1) an able defence of Simpson signed 
'Honeatiis' againi>l Heath's assertions. In 
1753 the proprietors, the Stationers' Com- 
pany, dismissed Heath and installed his rival 
Simpson in tho editorial chair. 

One of the chief charges proved against 
Heath was that while editor of the 'Ladies* 
Diani' he started in 1749ajoumal on similar 
lines on his own account, and appropriated 
for his own periodical, which he called 'The 
Palladium/ the best contributions sent to 
him a^ editor of the 'Diary.' On hisdismintal 
from the latter office he concentrated all Uts 
energies on this venture of his own, and made 
it the vehicle of much intemperate abuse 
directed against Slmnson, the Stationers* 
Company, and the * Ladies* Diary.' The title 
of his jounml was often changed. It was 



Heath 



350 



renamed *Tbo Gentleman ond l>BtK''8 Valla- 
(lium,* 1750, ' The Gentleman '» am\ Ijwiy'a 
Palladium and Clironoloppr,' I7o4, 'The 
(ieatleman's and Lady's Militar}'l'aUiidiiim,' 
1759, 'The Pollndium Extrftordliiar%-,' 17tW, 
*TIie Palladium Knlarffed/ I71U. ' Tlio Pal- 
ladium of lame,' 17<i5, and 'The Britifih 
Palladium,' 17fi8. H.'ath conducted hia own 
paper with grcat4>r care than that he bad ex- 
pended on the * Diary,' and augpested some 
uticful schemes, which through lack of snh- 
Bcribers were never carried out. He prt)- 
pofied to reprint the oripnnl ' Ijidies' iJia- 
rtea,'a project fulfilled Buhsequently by both 
Cliorlea Uuiton (177ri) and Ttiomae Lpy- 
boum (1817). He absurdly tried to establish 
n Pniiadiura Society, liaviniy for its mark a 
* Palladium button/ to be obtained from bim. 
His journal ccaeed in 1778. He died in 1779. 
Accordin|5 to De Morg;an, 'Heath was a 
person who made noise in his day, and iu so 
doing eatabliflhed a claim to be considered 
a worthlesfl vngnbond.* But as editor of ma- 
thematical periodicals he did somethlnif to 
popularise the study of mathematics in Knc- 
land. His works include, besides those already 
mentioned: l.'Tbe Practical Arithmetician,' 
1750. 2, 'The Ladies* Chronoloirer.* No. I. 
1754 (amal^muted wilh the ' Palladium * of 
1755). 3. 'The Ladies' Philosopher,' No. I. 
1752,11. 1763, IIL 1754. 4. • Aatronomia 
Accurata ; or the Royal Astronomer and 
Navigator,' 1760. 6. ''General and Particu- 
lar Account of the Annular Eclipse of the 
Sun which happened on Sunday, April I, 
17U4.' 

[T. Leybouni'fl lAdien' Diary, 1817: A. Pa 
MorgaD'sArithtnctiail Books, Ifi47; CHntuma 
Djanan Mise<-liany, 1775; Wnif's Bibl. Bnt. ; 
heltan of Emtuent Litc-rary Meu (Canid. ^oc), 
p. 304 ; Boaw and Conrtney'» Bibl. Curnub, ; 
works nioDtioocd aboxe.l G- J. G. 

HEATH, THOMAS (/. 1583\ mathe- 
matician, bom iu London, was admitted pro- 
bationerfellowof All Souls, Oxford, in 1567. 
and proceeded B.A. 1560, and M.A. 1573 
(Ojf. Univ. lif^., Oxf. Hi«t. Soc, i. 270). 
Wood dates bis raaster'a deffreo yi 1579 
(Fastif i. 213). Heath won considerabh; ro- 
puta for bin knowledge of astronomy and 
physics, and denounced the astrological pre- 
dictions of Richard Harvey [q. v.j in hts 
'Manifest and .\ppnrent Confutation of an 
Astrological Discourse lately published to 
the discomfort (without CAUJie) of the weak 
and simple sort.' With that ' Confutation ' 
was bound up hia ' Brief Protfiinstication nr 
Astronomical Prediction of the Conjunction 
of the two superiour Planets Ralnrn aiid 
Jupiter, which shall be in 1683, April 29,* 



London, 151^3. Both pnrta were dedlcat«<l 
to tSir Qeor^ Carev, ' knight matsdul of tiia 
(iiioen's household.^ HeftlH wma a friend iif 
Jolm Dee [«. v.^ and Thomiw Allen [}iU'i- 

I I Wood 6 Athense Oxon. (Blii»), i. 49$ ; Taniur. 
' p. 409.J B. R A. ] 

! HEATHCOATj JOHN (178a-l?«a 
inventor, son of traucis Heathcote, a far- 
' mer of Loup Whatton, Leicestershire, W 
Klizaboth Burton, was bom at Duffield.near 
Derby, on 7 Aug. 1783. After a modcrai* 
education he was apprenticed to a bocifrr 
manufacturer named Swift, but the kitu&- 
tion not being found Buitable his indentorr^ 
were cancelled, and he was then apprenticed 
to William Shepherd, a maker itf Derbi- 
ribbed stockings and a frame-smith, at I»ng 
WhaMon. As a journcvman he afterwardj" 
worked with Leonard Elliott, fraine-fmitl 
and sctter-np of machinerv at Nottinghani| 
soon purcha.<K!d the goodwill of the bui'iiii'i^ 
Biul carried it on upon his own accuunL Ui^ 
attention was early turned to the constmfl 
tion of a lace-making machine. About It ' 
he removed to Hathem with the nbji»ct 
constructing n machino which would do tli 
work of the pillow, the multitude of pin 
the thread and bobbtus, and the fingers, 1 
would Rupersede them in the production 1 
lace, as the Btocking-loom had superseded th 
knitting-needle. Analysing the componcA 
threads of pillow-lacc, he claasificd them InV 
longitudinal and diagonal. The former ' 
placud on a beam aa warp. The remain- < 
der he reserved as weft, each thread to bs 
working separat-ely, and to be twi8t«d roood 
n warp-thread, and then to cro*s diagnnaUjl 
its appropriate neighbour thread, and tbui 
clo!*e I be ujiper and lower sidi-s of the mesk 
Finally he contrived the needful mecbanici 
arrangements : the bobbins to distribute tii 
thre4id, the carriage and grooves in which the 
must run, their mode of twisting round th 
warp and tmvelling from side to side of tb 
machine. Marc iKambard Bninel aaid of Ifa 
machine : ' It appears to me one of the mo 
complete mechanical combinations, tn whic 
rhe author di-splays nnoommon powers of ifl 
veniion.' A patent, No. 3151, taken out * 
1H()8, and known tis the ' horizontal pillow^ 
led after further experiments to the construe 
titiii of the machine patented iu 1 809. No. 321f 
Thus at the age of twenty-four neathcoat 1 
came the ocknowlcdged inventor of the mo 
cnmplicnted machine ever produced. 
fimt square yard of plain net was sold fn 
the miobineat 5/.; tiie average price in If 
is live pence. The nnnualaveri^ retnm5< 
the trade are 4,0(M),000/., giving cmploymeai 



Heathcoat 



351 



Heathcote 



ntfaJr wo^sto IJjO,OtX) workpeople. In 1605 
iieatlicDot baj removed to LuugUborough, 
'whenCR his improved luachine was known as 
tlie ' Old Looi^liborougb.' In 1800 be entered 
into partnership witli Charles Lacy, who 
had been a point-net maker at Nottlugham. 
Under tills partnership the machinery waaso 
increased that by 1810 tifty-five frames were 
at work iii the LougbborougU factory. They 
also made much money by granting permis- 
sion to othnr llrms to use the machine ou the 
payment of a royalty. There were several 
tnt'ringemonts of the patent, more particii- 1 
larlv by AVillJam Morley.u machine builder, 
in iSlit, but an injunction waa procured I 
oninst him. The huddiles, on the nig^ht of 
2o June 1816, attacked Heathcoat, Lacy, & 
Boden's factory at Loughborough, and de- 
stroyed fifty-five frames and burnt the lace 
which waa upon them. Tho firm sued the 
county for the dam&ffe and wn.<t awarded 
10,000/., but the magistrates required that 
the money should be expended locally. To 
this Uoathcoat gave a decided refusal, and 
the amoont WAS never received. He said hia 
life had been threatened, and he would go as 
far as possible from Aiich dei<]>enite men. Dia> 
solving his partnership with Lacy, he then, 
in conjunction witb John Ikxleu, purchased 
a large mill ai Tiverton in Devonshire, where 
machinery could be driven by the stream of 
the Exc. The removal to Tiverton proved 
farourablc. Heathcoat constructed lus new 
frames of increased width and speed, and by 
applying rotary power lessened the costof pro- 
duction. He patented a rolarr self-narrow- 
ing stocking-frtme, and put gimp and other 
ornamental threads into hobbin net by me- 
chiuiiad adJusTmeut. In 1821 the mrtuer- 
aliip with Itmlen was dissolved. Year by 
year Heathcoat took out further patenta and 
continued to make invenliomi and improre- 
mcnts in bis monufiictures until 1843, when 
ho retired. In 1B32, in conjunction wilb 
Henry Uondlev, M.P., he patented a steam 
dough to aasiet in agricultural improve- 
Benta in Ireland. On 12 Dec. 1832 he waa 
.jcted to represent Tiverton in parliament, 
nd sat for that borough till 23 April 18£I0. 
He seldom addres.i(>d the house, but waa 
very useful in committees. His colleague 
for many years in the representation of the 
(own, Lord Palmerston, paid a high tribute 
to his patriotic and independent course on 
his retirement. At his own cost Bo built 
iBritish Mrhoobi, which were opennl I Jon. 
t&43. and in the same year his jKirtrnit, the 
ost of which waa defrayed by a public sub- 
cription,waspre«ente«l to the corporation of 
hiB adopted town. He died at Bolham House, 
riT«r(on,18JaD.186I,and was buried in St. 



Peter's churchyard on 2-1 Jan. Ho roarripil 
about 1804 Ann, daughter of ■WiHiBmC'auId- 
well of Uatbem, Leicestershire, by whnui be 
left twodaughttiri, Missllenthcnnt and Mrs. 
Brewin, who employed their large pro|>erty 
in carrying out tlieir father's benevolent 
schemes. 

[ Felki n's IHstory of Maoliine-wronghl Hosiery 
and haco )!anaftK-tiire«, 1807, pp. 1 C^-370. witlir 
ptirtniit; Bevoii'it Hritish Uaiiufimnring InJtw- 
trifls, 'Hosiery (iiid Ijicii,' by W. Kclklii, 1877, 
pp. 66-73; Moilify'iReniiuisceDees, I88fi, i. 239- 
2*2; Times, 26 Jan. 1861, p. 12; Tirerton Ga- 
aett^ 22 Jon. 1861, p. *,and 29 Jan., pp. 3, 4.] 

0. C. «. 

HEATHCOTE. Sir fJILIlERT (Iftfil P- 
1733). lord mayor of London, bom at Che*- 
terGeld about l051, and descended from ui 
ancient Herbvshire family, was eldettt son of 
Gilbert Heathcote, alderman of Ctie6t«rtield, 
by Anne, daughter of Thomas [tickens. He 
graduated B.A. in it'.tia find IM.A. in 1«7?I- 
from Christ's Collegr, Cambridge {Orttd. 
Cantabr. 1823, y. 227), and was living in 
London in 1682 m t he parish of St. Huostan's- 
in-the-Ea«t. He afterwards carried on buai- 
neea t^» a merchant in Ht. Swithin's Lane; 
traded in Spani.^h winea and other produce 
in 1(190-2 (Ca/. of Treamry Papers, 1556- 
ItJOti, p|>. 112, 244), and had large transac* 
tiouB with Jamaica, furnishing remittAneeft 
on buhalf of the government tor the troops 
tberv (ih. 1702-7, pp. 448, 491-2). ILb trade 
with the East Inaiea waa equally extenaive. 
In 1693 the ahtp l^Ccdbridge, of which he wait 
part owner, lieing detain^ at the inatanct^ 
of the East India Company, which claimed 
a monopoly of the trado with India, he as- 
serted at tW bar of the Houi^ of C-ommonpc 
his right to trade wherever he pleaded, unless 
restrained by parliament. The Iionse declared 
by resolution against the company'fi mouo- 

Sly (MACAUtAY, Iliit. of England, iv. 476). 
eathcote actively promoted the bill for a 
now East India Company, subscribed 10,000/. 
of its capital, and served both aa a director 
andasonuof 8 committee of seven lo arrange- 
matters with tJie old company ( Hattok, A>ir 
View of London, 1708, pp. (J(J3-4 ; LrTTBELL, 
Briff Relation, iv. 403. 486). Stiype reUte* 
tliat at a meeling^hcld in London about 1608, 
of the company of Eastland men-haiiLM (of 
which Heathcote waa governor in 1720), Pet«r 
the Great wt« present, and was addrcawd by 
Heotheote * in high Dutch ' witb reftrener 
to the importotioa of tobacco into his do- 
m inioDs (^ow, Svrrfjf cfZumdOHt cd. Strvpr . 
1720, bk- T. p. 262). 

Heathcote was one of the founden of thr- 
Dank of England, and in lOIM wan elected 
by ballot one of ita first board of directors 



as* 



Heathcote 



{I.i'TTttBi.L, iii. rW2). Bv the met of parlis- 
tnciit extfndini; the Itaiik* a charter to 1710, 
llftthcoti'V gain as a capitnli^it wan itated 
t.i li.> (JO.OU)/. (Fkwcis. liiKt.nJ tht Hank of 
E>tt){and,\ t«l,80,y4). He wan apptiiated one 
of nine truKt>H>fl in 17IU nf tht: city loan to 
tlit^ i-mpenir of 250,000/. for c&rn'ing on hid 
WAT nf^ninitt I'runce, kimtelf contributing^ 
4,(H»0/. {Marlboruugh Dinpatchf*, ii. 398; 
1,1'TTUGLL, Ti. 1), 24. ^). On thi' tltsmisaal 
of SnnderlanJfrom thptfecn^taryshipia 1710, 
lliftthcotf, \i» gYjvonior of tlie Hank of Eng- 
laml, hnadfct n du^iilatioii to \\\^ qut^n to 
n*pri*M'nl the injurioiiReflt»clg which any fur- 
thLTi'hanposin thprninislrj would hav*- upjn 
piililic credit, an inl'mtinn which the nm>eii 
ditu'laimed in h«r reply (Stamhope. Queen 
Atiw, pp. 420-7 ; LUTTKBLL, Ti. 694). 

Ut'»thcx>te'» Binplefortune gave him leiaure 
for puhlic! work, lie was a common council- 
cnaii for Walhrook ward in 1690 (.H List of 
thr yamrs of the Court . . . nf Commtm 
Council, for the ;/rar 10lX)),unil iMN'ame alder- 
man "f thy Mint* ward 30 Jum? 1702. At 
Ihr followinff lord mayor's foaat (20l)ct.) he 
wan knitflitt'd hy the niieen, who dined at 
<}iiilJhBlliMAlTLANO,7/M/.o//iorirfo«,i.r)03). 
I|i» was I'lri'ted dheritr nn mid summer-day 
1703, having' Um-u lined in 1698 for declining 
to Rervo the oRlco (Luttuell, iv. 401). In 
17 10, being next in Heniority fnrelect ion a» lord 
mayor, he was strong^ly oppoaod by the court 
party, who objected to the remonstrance he 
■ddn*med to tlio queen, but the court of alder- 
men finally elrrtcd him (i"A. vi. 637). On 
account of hii* iiiipi>pulttrity the procession to 
Wei»lroinf*UT on JW Oct. was curtailed, and 
\w rode on horseback, the livery comjMinitM 
attending: him by water in their harg^ (ib. 

t(.(J4H; KooKTHOL'c?K,//w^o//^»^rfo^,p.i?y9). 
)iirinp his mayoralty ho unsuccessfully op- 
posed a motion in the court of common coun- 
cil to addretts the crown in confrratulation 
upciii the neijot ia! ions which resulted in iho 
tn-atv of I irecht {ib. p. 1102). He removed 
nn UJ March 1724 totbewardnf BriJtfe-AVith- 
out, becoming senior alderman and father of 
the citv. He was also colonel of the blue reii- 
ment of the trained bandsiLrrrRELL.vi. 18et), 
treasurer and vice-president of the Honour- 
able .\rtillery Company, president of Si. 
Tliomaa'a Hospital, and master of the Vint- 
ners' Company in 1700. He was appointed a 
commiwionf'T for the colony of Georjria in 
Oetolwr 1732, and obtained much support for 
ihf proposal from his fellow-director* of the 
Bank of England ( Oent. Afa<f. 1 732, pp. 97fi, 
ia'J2). On 17 Jan. 1732-3 ho was created a 
liarnnet. 

Heathcote Mrred in parliament during^ 
lour retgna. On bia first election for the 




city of London in 1 700 lie was expelled tW i 
liouse for being concerned aa a truftee Uv 1 
circulatinfT exchequer bills cont-nrr to ta I 
act of William itnd Marr i Ctytmm»an/ Jam, \ 
x'tiu 3i>l-2). Hr* WM* f' "in the fol- 

lowing November, and 1 th- ntr 

until 1710. In 1714 he «ii« •■t»'t-t«l for Hei- 
aton, Cornwall, in 1722 for New LTmingion, 
and in 1727 for Si. Uermans, ComwalL lit 
was a staunch whig, and iiaed his inflaenw 
with the merchants of London in eupport (4 
Qodolphin's administretion. In 17t5l he ia* 
trodu»d without sufx-esa a bill to li^ittt 
the presaure of tithes. (For contemponn 
criticism of the measure in the ' Crafumu,' 

* Fog'a Journal,' and other papers, see Gtnt, 
Maff. i. 240-1.) In a pamphlet entitled *A& 
answer to the Remarkjt upfjn the Bill . . - 
concerning Tythex,' 1731. and dedicated to 
Heathcote, his act ion was highly commendod 
Horace Walpole cmdemn-i Catheriu-^ Mji-- 
aulay'a praise of Heathcote. and calb bun 
*a p&ltrr, worthless Jacobite ' {Letien, t. 7. 
42). • 

l)e«ipite his wealth HeAthcol« was nott} 
for his parsimony. Writing to Strype the 
historian in IVcember 1712 hecomplatnedof 
the charge of a few shillings a.s fees for the 
burial of his own farothor(see^nV..V(£«..'<f/rf»/ 
MS. Colo, 6863, p. 270). Pojm-. who w»^ 
op^sed to him in politics^ aererelv ohanr- 
tenaea him as ' starting . . . &om dreams of 
millions, and three groats to pay ' (i>iofaW. 
bk. ii. 251-2). In the * Essay on Han' 
(JSp. iii. 44), the line 'The fur that warm* 
the monarch warmed n bear* had in the 
manuscript ' Wir Gilbert ' for ' the monarch.' 
In his * Moral Essays' (i>. iiL 101-2) Pope 
again writes : 

The grave Sir Oilbon bohla it for a nla 
That every tnau in want is kiiare or fool. 

Hi* unpopularity with the lower orders wt» 
thus jniTBOsed. On 29 May 1715 the moh 
during disturbances in the city is aaid to have 
designed the murder of Heaihcote and other 
magistratea, and the burning of their hotucs 
(Of/. TVwjmn/Br/jffr*, 1714-19. p. 2So). In 
1728, when returning from the House of 
Commonti, his coach was stopped in St. Paul's 
Churchyard, and he was robbed by thie\'e», 
who were Iving in wiiit for Queen C-aroline 
(.\T.LES, liist, of I^niion, ii. 32). 

Heathcote had a hou.se called Forest Howe 
At Low Leyton, Essex, which was afterwards 
sold by his descendants (Ltsoks, Etirironn, 
1796. iv. 164). He also purchased from the 
Mackworth family the seat of Normantoo 
in Rutlandahire, described by I>ver in his 

* ineece*as'lhe selected walk of IJeathcole's 
leisure.' He died 25 Jan. 1733 at his hoUM 



Heathcote 



353 



Heathcote 



I St. SwUhin'a Lone in his eighty-third year, 
le was buried at Normonton, where a monu- 
ent hy Krebrach, with an inscriptioi), i» 
ecte<lto hiBmifmary {htXHX^, Baronetai/e, 
|i. 220). 
His fortune wan estimated at 700,000/., 
id hfi was reputed the ricliest commoner 
Enfflnnd. lie boqneathed 500/. to St. 
rhoDui8'& Hoffpital and oOO/. to the poor of 
'"hesterfiold, and q lejjacy to the Rer. Dr. 
|iDhn»on, who cured him of aa ulcer in his 
Uo married in 1682 (license praatetl 
May) Hester, dai^bter of Christopher 
fcyner, a I^ndon merchsLnt, by whom he hnd 
Ison, Sir John, liii« succeMnr, and two daugh- 
-.\nne, inarrie<l to Sir Jacob Jacobaou, 
nd Eliziibetb, who married Sir Si^lsmond 
' Sbrd of Dunston Hall, Lincolnshire. His 
endant, Sir Gilbert John Ilcotbcolc.was 
itcd Baron Aycknd 26 Feb. 1606. Lady 
loathcotc died in 1714, and was buried on 
\ Oct. in Low Leyton Church. 
li«athcote'(! portrait in civic robes is pre- 
rved in the court-room of St. Thomas's 
IofipitaI,andHnather in threcvqunrterletij^h 
I said to remain at Conington CustlCj Hunt- 
ingdonshire. 

[rtloTcr's nist. of Derby, pt. i. vol, ii, p. 328 ; 
City rocorda ; Hurke's Peerage; Gent Mm?. 1733, 

E. 47; Srow'i, MMitland'i, Allen's, and Xoorf- 
onck'f Hifltoriee of London; LvBons's Environs 
of LoodOD, voL IT.: Beauties of EngUod and 
Watw, Tol. xii. pt. ii. p. 122 ; Le N«to'b Pedi- 
^•es of Knights (Harl. See.}, viii. 481 ; Mar- 
riage Licences (Harl t^oc), xxir. 161 ; Hl»u of 
ChwtArfield.p. 269 ; Historicnl Jl«(^»Ler,vn|.xriii. 
Chron. Diary, p. 10 ; Livrsof ihe Lord May<'rs, 
Oalldhal! Library MS. 18 ; Loodon and Middle- 
sex Archwologicjil Society's TmnBactioos, iil. 
48-1-6; Kaikn'ii UUt. of tho Honnuniblp Ar- 
tillery Company, toI. i. ; Pope's Work", cd. 
Elwin and ConTthopo. ii. 403, lii. 138, iv. 333; 
ParLiamentAry Return of Nsmtc of Momberi< of 
th« House of Commons; Mncaulay's and Slan- 
hope's Histories of England.] C. W-u. 

HEATHCOTE, R.\LPH (1721-1795), 
divine and miiicellaneous writer, was born on 
19 Dec. 17:?1 at Barrow-upon-Soar, Leices- 
t«rahire, where his father (d. 1765), after- 
wards vicar of Sileby and rector of Morton, 
Derbyshire, was then curate. His mother 
was a daughter of ^imon Ockley [q. v.], the 
faiatorian of the Saracens. After receiving , 
instruction from his father, and at Chester- 
field gr&roniar scboolt he entered at Jeaus 
Coliejre, Cambridge, and graduated B.A. in ' 
174J, and M.A. in 174^. In March 1748 be [ 
became curate of St. Mai^aret's, Leicester, ! 
and vicar of Barkby in 1749, preferments 
which brought him 50/. a year. In 1746 he 
published a Latin dissertation on the history I 

VOL. XSV. ' 



of astronomy (' Historia Astrnnnmis sive 
de ortu et progressu astronomiw' ), which 
attracted considerable notice; hut when in 
1752 he essayed to take a part in the 
Middletonian controversy on the miraculous 
powers ascribed to the early church, he dis- 
covered that ' though I had gone through a 
school and a college, and had produced a 
Latin work which had been applauded for its 
language,! could not express myself tolerably 
in English. I mention this chiefly to note what 
I take to be a great defect in most of the 
grammar schools, viz. a total neglect to cul- 
tivate our own language,' llu produced two 
pamphlets anonymously notwiihi^tanding, 
entitled respectively 'Cursory Aiumadve> 
sions on theOontroversyiu General' (1752), 
and ' Remarks upon a Choi^o by Dr. Chap- 
man (1752 1 ;' una in the following year wrote 
a reply to Tboma.* FoLhei^ill's sermon on 
the uses of commemorating King Charles's 
roart>Tdoni, *» slight production, yet suiE- 
cient, perhaps, to show that there is neither 
reason nor use in any such commemoration.' 
These publications attracted the notice of 
Warburton, who presented Ifeathcote to 
I the assistant preaciiership ot Lincoln's Inn. 
I Accordingly Heathcote, who had in .\ugU8t 
1750 obtained a comfortable independence by 
, his marriage to Margar»;t Mompesson, a de- 
scendant of 1 he heroic vicarof Kyam, removed 
in June 1753 to London, where he 'found his 
[ way into the society ' of Jortin, Birch, Maty, 
and others, 'whn met once a week to drink 
coffee and talk learnedly for two or three 
hours.' He took a port in the controversy 
against Bolingbroke on the one hand, publish- 
ing in 1755 'A Sketch of Lord Bolingbrtike's 
Philosophy,* and in that against the Llulchin- 
sonianDr. Patten on the other. His tracts, he 
8a3'!t, were favourably received, 'yet when the 
heat of controversy wasover I could not look 
into them without disgust and pain. The 
erdet'Q of Middleton and the pvtulancy of 
Warburton had infi-cted me as they had other 
young scribblers.' Their substancis however^ 
* purged from that ferment which usually 
agitates theological controversy,' formed tlie 
stajdo of bis dissertation on occasion of hia 
D.D. degrof. at Cambridge in 1759, and of his 
Boyle lectures, 1763-5. In 17l»l he became 
one of tho chief wTiter* in the 'Biographical 
Dictionary,' and in 1767 published an anony- 
mous letter to Horace Walpole on the dis- 
pute between Hume and Rou^ean, which 
was attributed to Walpole himself. About 
this time he returned to the midland counties, 
where he had received several small pieces of 

Sreferment, usually residing at Southwell, 
_ 'ottinghamshire. where he was a prebendary 
of the minster. In 1771 be published anonv- 




1 anony- 



Heather 



354 



Heather 



noualr * The Irenarch, or Justtco of the 
Puce's Mftnual,* a work strangelv attributed 
by Mr, Parkea to Juniua, thougli the third 
edition bore the author's name. The second 
and third editions have a long' dedication to 
Liord Manstield, coutaintng much miscellane- 
ous legal and historical raatior. From this 
time, though ho contitiuwl to Y'isit London 
up to 1785, Hoathcotti's 'great object of em- 
ployment was the administration of justice, 
though nothing could be more averse from mv 
temper and way of life. But I was teasea 
into it.' IIo published, however, iu 1786 the 
first Tolume of a miscellany of anecdutes and 
dissertations, entitled ^iSylva.' which was not 
continued. He became vicar-general of the 
peculiar of Southwell in 1788, and diud on 
28 May 1795. He was a man of no eminent 
powers or attainmenttt, but an excullent ty^ie 
oftheleamed, tolerant, and useful clerfryQULQ 
of the eighteeuth century. 'His matter,' says 
Warburton, writin;^: to llunt, ' is rational, but 
superficial and thin-spread. He is sensible, 
and hoa reading, but bttle viTocity.* 

[Memoirs, chiefly BUtobiagmphtcal, ID NichoWa 
tdtoDiry AnMiiotoi, iii. 631-44 ; Lettcni from a 
Uc« EmiucDt Prolattf (Warborton) ] B. G. 

HEATHER orHEYTHER.WILUAM 

(15(i3P-Ui:.'7), rausiciU C4iuj poser, was born at 
Harmondsworth, Middlesex, probably about 
1563 (Brown's • Diet.' says 1684). lie was a 
chorister of Westminster, and presumably re- 
mained in that choir until, en 27 March 1615, 
he was sworn in a gentleman of the Cliapel 
Royal. While resident in Westininster ho 
became an intimate friend of William Cam- 
den [q. v.], then master of Westminster 
School, In 1602 Heather nursed C&mden 
through & fever, and in 1009, during another 
tUneas, and bv reason of an outbreak of the 

Elogue, Camden was taken to the musician's 
ouse in the Almonry, and afterwards to 
Gbislehurst, where Heather had land and a 
dwelling-house. When Camden determined 
to found a history lectureship at Oxford, ho 
transferreil all his right in the manor of Bex- 
ley iu Kent to the chancellor, masters, and 
ecnolars of the university on the twofold con- 
dition that the profits of the manor (valued 
at about 400/. per annum) should be enjoyed 
by Heather, bis heirs, and executors for the 
term of ninety-nine years after Camden's 
death, and that during that period Heather 
should pay to the professor of history in 
Oxford the sura of 140/. a year (Gibson). 
Heather carried the deed of ipft from Cam- 
den to Piers, the vice-chancellor of the uni- 
Tersity, in May 1622, and on the 17th of the 
month convocat ion conferred on Heather and 
Oriondo Gibbons [q- v.] the degrees of bachelor 




and doctor of music (Clabc). On the 1 
Piers wrote to Camden : * We have paid 
Heather's charges lor this joumoy, and Uk^ 
wise given him the Oxford courteeie i o ptif 
of gloves for himself and another for his wife) 
(Shitu, Camdtm Eputola, p. 329J. A 
]x»ed public diisputatiun between Hett! 
and T>r. Natbaniel Giles on musical quests 
came to nothing, and the music which nemi' 
for Heather's exercise waa actually compoAed 
h\ Orlando Gibbons [q. v.] ( Wood). HAtlnr 
aherwards disposed of hia intereal in Bexlrj 
Manor to Sir Francis I/eigh of AddingCon, 
Surrey (IlASTtn, Kent). 

In 1023 Heather, whom Camden h&d ap- 
pointed his sole executor, followed bis friimd 
to his grave in Westminster Abbey ( Vimia- 
tUm of J{untingdon$hire, Camden Soc. 1349, 
p. xi). On 7 May 1625 he attended tbefo- 
ne.ral of Jamea T. In the following vf«r 
Heather founded the music lecturoehip at (Ox- 
ford. The deed woa doted 20 Feb. 1 
set forth that of 16/.6«.8rf.,payable3 
of his estates in Kent, 13/. 6«. Sd. ahi 
emploved for the mui^ic professor's salary 
of which he should kuep in repair the instm< 
ments in his chai^, and give at least one 
practicalmusic lesson weekly); theretnainiair 
'•il., afterwards augmented by small sum^, 
was to go to tbe reader of a lecture on mt^ 
sical theory, which should be deliverrd "^ 
English ( 1 71. 6jt. &d. by the year is the amoi 
of Heather'sbequestbyhiswill). Tli** foui 
appointed Nicholson, organist of Magdal^_, 
the first master or professor, and John AlU- 
bond of the same oollego was the first and loet 
lecturer, the latter's salary being afterword} 
made over to tbe speaker at act time. After 
Heolber'a death the nomination of thv p; 
feasor was left in the hands of the vic«-cl 
cellor, the dean of Christ Church, the 
dent of Mftffdolen College, the warden of'N 
C'Ol lege, ana t he president of St. John's (_all fc 
the time being), since the four coUegea 
lained choirs. Atthe sometime Heather gai 
to the Slusic School a ' harpeycon.* chest 
viols, and music, printed and manuscript. 

Heatherdiedtowanlstheend of July 1621 
and was buried 1 Aug. in the bniad aisle 
the south side of the abbev ( WeMminAt 
RcgUters, p. 126). His widow w^aa burii 
there 6 Sept. 1635. HiahalM-^ugth jKirt 
in theMu8ic School represents him in cap an 
gown. An engraving is in Hawkins's 'Hi**^ 
Tory of Music," ii. 672. Heather left many 
charitable bequests: 3/. annually for ev 
to Eton College, 60/. in the hand* of '■ 
clerk of the cheque to be lent in cases of < 
treosto such gentleraenofthe chapel as ehou 
need it, besides a gift of 10/. to gentleme 
and choristera. He had been a beoefao 



um^, 
mu- 1 

oiuiH 
ud4 
aleojl 



In hia lifeUme to t^ cxtcnK of 100/.. maA of 
10/. in Ms Willi to tlie hospital in Tokfaill 
FieMs. It it probftble that he wb9 aged 64 
irhen he made his will In July 1627, as he 
nqufisted that aixtT-foor mouming gowns 
be giren to bo manj poor men at his funeral. 
[Rirnbrnilt'i Old Cbec|ao Book of tlis Cbftpd 
Ro;al, pp. 8, 12, 70. 159, 304 : CuDdea's aift- 
monhil. do Reipvo. quouH in Biog. Brit. ut. 
* Ctmdcn,' p. 1125 ; Gibson's Life of Csmdea, i. 
XZT; Wood's Athtriitt Oioo. i. 297. ii. ZiZ; 
Wood's Fa«ti, i. 404; Gatelt's Annolj), ii. bk. i. 
358. ii. bk. ii. 887 ; Batton's New Viaw of I-on- 
don. I. 339 : Havkiuk's Hist- of Mu&io, Ii. 072 ; 
Burney'it Hist, of Muiiic, iii. 3oO ; Clark'* Reg. 
of Univ. of Oxford, i. 148; P. C. C. Resistors of , 
WilU, l)o..k Skvonor. fol. 83.] L. M. M. 

HEATHERINGTON, ALEXANDER' 
(d. l(37vi), raininff agpnt, opened in 1867 at 
Halifax, Nova Scotia, the ' International 
Mining Agency,' with which was associated 
the ' Canadian ^^lines Bureau' at SO Moor- 
ffato Street, London. Ho aleo started at 
Halifax a monthly paper entil let) tUv 'Mining 
Gazette,' ibe tirsl. numberof which appeared 
on 10 Jan. 186^. He was a fellow of the 
Geological Society, and a clever statistician. 
He compiled: 1. 'Tho Gold Yield of Nova 
Scotia, compiled from corrected official re- 
cords,' 8vo, London, 1660-9, continued from 
1&70 to 1874 03 *Tho Mininj^ Industries of 
Nova Scotia.' 2. * .\ Practical Guide for 
Tourista. Miners, and Investors, and all per- 
sons interested in the development of the 
Gold Fields of Nova Scotia,' 8vo, Montn_-al, 
1868. 3. • A Plea for the Gold Induitrv of 
Nova Scotia,' 8vo. London (1874). Hcather- 
iagton died at Toronto on 8 March 1878 
iOeoioff. Maff. new ser. v. 336). 

[Healbmng'on'i Works,] O. O. 

HILATHFIELI), Loan. [Sae EuoTT, 
George Acgcbtus, 1717-1790, getieraL] 

HEATON, CLEMENT (1824-1862), 

floss-painter and decorator, son of James 
ieatoa, a W'esleran mmisMiv ^'^^ 'x'^ ^ 
Bradford, W'UtshIre, ia 1801. B» sfnit Us 
early yean in commerce, tMft oeeaaasd lus 
leisure with drawiof . The wtxaXkd OocUe 
revival encouraged him ifl kis twaoAy-^uth 
year to begiaba«>eas«t Warwick Ms glass- 
painter sod desigMC. ShortHaftanrafdafas 
came to Loodoa aad f p—i f a rf tfcs frm oC 
Beaton Jt BoUsr. AMigh ifciiJj me^ 
pied with gliM psirfi^gy Im pim IM ialtJs 
tire to a Dew and i iiimaiialjr aiOfUJ Hffo 
ofchnrcb-dseontaoK. lib w SHaMMlf 
Gothic in aqrls^ haft \m MKhMsA lis ««■ 
«rigkiial eeaosftiaBB witii MffrftaSf slaftad 
motxns tnm aflmri hii<sy, t ws l l r r , «wty 
ChiMtkB sirtBlJM, k€. B»ma$pm 
MS ai liim iiiiwwliiw. m4 «• hM «(iiwfcMr 



improved by pnoUoe, h* M^ttutd a HcttliftT 
srvle. wtiich was mnoh sdmtTvd at thi* tisw. 

lie made many pxpt'rim'" ' '>'|»fwa- 

ncnt and tnutwurlhrc"! ■•-paint- 

ing and mural dtvoralu^n. but tht>y were 
checked by his sudden d«slh in tt^'.V Among 
his iirincipal workii, many of whii'h wi<iv« 
oarruxl out in conjunction with Sir .\rthur 
BLomfield os architect, wnn> tho dinx^rat tent 
of the chapel at Trinitv ^^lllt*(r'^ Camhrulifx*, 
Eaton Ilall, tho town halls at Uorlidalo and 
Manchester, tho MnnRton HiMiMt «ml M«r- 
chunt Venturers* Hull at Hrititol,aiidchun:hM 
at Banbury, All Saints, A<)Ci)t, Weat New* 
ton, and Sundrtn^hum. 

[Privatf information.] L. Ci 

HEATON, Mus. MAUY MAROAUET 
(iea(l-IH»;j), wntiT on art, wa» Iho chlMt. 
dauphtenif Jami'iiKeynirr.odilk'prtnti'r.and 
of hiawiroMiirKnrot.ri'hisrcrnfHamui'll.umoii 
Klanchnrd [q. v.] 11. r fnthor wna nn inti- 
inatv friend of l)nu^hiN Jcrmlii tinil rither 
literary men. In iKt^'i ehu marritwl Charltu 
William lleoton.nrofi'ssorof (-huniinirT. Him 
died on 1 June it^i. Hot flml piifiliahed 
worksconsifetedof graceful fansa for children, 
written to the doaigna of Otcar Plutach ; but. 
thoiiKh these were very suocsasfut, it was to 
her writings apon art that she owed her r»- 
putation. In 1669 appeared her 'BiMt«r- 
pioces of Flemish Art/and in 1670 b«r * Uf» 
of Albrecbt Uuror/ the first lepartts UA of 
that ortist publiihed in England. Hercxtea- 
live reading ipwiaJlv qualilLsdlisrfordsaliog 
with the times in which Dttnr Uvsd, aad h«r 
knowledge of OenfiSB enabtsd her to make • 
more complete and accurate trsjutation of Us 
journal than had appeared hcSnn. The sac- 
ceai of tlie book was immediate aad UtAm^ 
and procured for her the aotjaaiaiattOe of ut. 

I ChariesAppl«too(5.v.],thefiratsdit«roflh» 
'Academy, to which rvrisw ahs wsa a rsrf 

' frequent eootribator from Um cammmmtmmmt 
till a abort ti^ before bardaatk. Osr'Csa-- 

, cias Biscory of Paiatiag ' (1«Y) is Us SMSt 
nadsMs sad conprckeaafve of saskofft waAs 

I of Ike Uad; a aew wAittkm ef arlHsfc «as m 
laWaddadtaBoka's'ArttesrUknry/ ihs 
alsoBa u p af sda«wreaiiaae#> n sa r aMi^ 
kaa's 'Uvai sT BritMfc Plmafeang' aad ««■• 

, seessal aMT bispayfeiss aa4 asMS ef Aa MBA 

^teaonaaft vtsska ia tlhs mm aCiia af 

Bt^s 'Piiiii—j of Fsatfan aiii E»- 

passBi- 

{knitmf, isas l«Ct; jrwrn 

irrwrt^ beotiaui <ni 

kUbsv 9l CblatfM. mm bi 



«rtawfcif I aMMSt oaa, ] 



aa2 



Heber 



356 



rho district of Craven in Yorkshire: but the 
fatlior of the bishop, al»o He^inald Ilebcr 
((/. 1804), ft man of 6oine intcllccluol power, 
who bad b«t>n feltowand tutor of Bra«;nose 
College, Oxford, h^ld a moiety of the living 
of Malpas, and lived there. He inherited 
from hiB mother the estate and living of Hod- 
net, Shropshire. It descended to ner from 
her kinsman, SirThomas VQnion,Bnd he be- 
came rector of tlodnet on bis own presenta- 
tion aa lord of the manor. He was twice 
married, first, in 1773, to Man', daughter of 
the Rev. Mark Baylie, by whom he had a son, 
Richard Heber [n. tA and tlien in 1783 to 
Mary, daughter oflheltev.CuthbertAUimaott, 
rector of AVath in Yorkshirt', by wliom^ hu 
had two sons and one daughter; of these Re- 
ginald was the eldest. 

Heber received hts early education at the 
grammar school of Whitchurch ; whfu he 
was thirteen vears of age he was placed 
under the tuition of Dr. Bristowe, who took 
private pupils at Neasden, nuar Wilksden. 
In 1800 he went to Brasenose College, Ox- 
ford, his father's college, and commeDCC»d a 
brilliant university career. In hi^ first year 
(1800) ho won ifie prize for the 'Carmen 
Seculare,' a l^tin poem on the commence- 
ment of the new century ; and in 1803 the 
prize for English verse on the subject of 

* Poleatine,' which was fir^t printed in IB07, 
and has b««n several times reprinted. The 
poem was received withextraordinary enthu- 
siasm when it was recited in tlie theatre, and 
it ia one of the very few priio poems which 
have lived. It was set to music by Or. Crotch 
in 1812. Walter Scott was breakfasting with 
Heber at Brasenoae just before the poe:n was 
sent in, and at a suggestion from him Heber 
jnserttHl impromptu the well-known lines 
about the Temple which end 

Like some XaM palm the nuis^less fabric sprung. 
In 1805 be gained the priie for the best 
English essay on the subject of 'The Sense 
of Honour,' aud in the same year was 
elected fellow of All Souls' College. He 
tht'ii travelled for nearly two years with 
his friend, John Thornton, son of Samuel 
Thornton, M.P. for Surrey, through Ger- 
manv, Russia, and the Crimea. A most 
i-ivitl account of his travels ts given in his 

• Journal.' In 1807 he returned to Kngland 
and received holy orders. The living of Hod- 
net had been reserved forhimsince his father's 
dnath in 1804, and he at once entered upon the 
dutiesof a country clergyman, having married 
Amelia, daughter of Ilr. Shipley, the dean of 
St. iVsaph. He was anexcc-llcnt parish priest, 
incTcaam^ the number of church services, 
making vlsrorous efforts to improve the psal- 
mody, building and attending to schools for 



the education of the poor, constantly visit- 
ing his people, and making many reforms in 
morals. Like most earnest cleivymen he had 
his I roubles; among others a dimcultv arising 
from the incursions of the famous ftowUnj 
Hill into his parijih, which was peculisrly 
embarrassing, as the IlilU were among 
principal parishioners. Hislettcn^ to hiaifl 
timate friends, J, Thornton and J, S. Wilmfl 
Honon, give an interesting inaight into 
work and difliculties. He comploina of his 
odd position ns * hnlf parson, half squire,' aad 
expresses a groundless fear that his litcirory 
tastes tempted him too much away from ha 
parochial duties. 

In 1812 he was made n, prebendary 
St. Asaph, at tie request of hia falher-ifl 
law, the dean. In lel-S he was appoint 
Tlampton lecturer at Oxford, and in If 
preacher at Lincoln's Inn, and at the 1 
of the same year, through the instrument] 
lity of hia fiiend C. M". W. Wynn. he w« 
otleredthe vacant see of Calcutta, which aft^if 
much hesitation and two reftisals he at hue 
accepted, Bntish India then formed ons 
hugo diocese with three archdeaconries, ow 
in each of the three provinn>i«. During his 
short tenure of this vast see Heber made 
his mark in various ways. He comnlet«d a 
great work, the main credit of whiali is due 
to his predecessor. Bishop Middleton, the 
erection and full establishment of Biahop't 
College, Calcutta. He succeeded wjth some 
difficulty in putting upon a right footing the 
relationship between the missionaries sent 
out by the Church Missionary Society and 
their diocesan. He travelled indofatig«bly 
through all parts of his unwieldy diocese* 
not only jierformiug diligputly his episcopil 
duties, but also healing ditl'erencea and rheer- 
ing the hearts and strungtbening the hands 
of Christian workers wherever he went. He 
visited Bombay and Ceylon, returning to 
Calcutta in October 1625. In the early spring 
of 1826, after visiting Madraa and variou s .^ 
other stations, he arrived at TricbinopoIj^B 
on Saturday I April. On the Sunday mH 

{ireached and confirmed, and on the Monday 
te conlirmed again and visited a nat ive schooL 
He died suddenly later in the day and was 
buried on the north side of the altar of Sc. 
John's Church, Trichinopoly. Uis wid 
was fit Calcutta at the lime. Some of ti 
most popular poets of the day — Rob 
Southcy, Mra.Hcmans, Mrs. Opie.andotbe 
— celebrated tho event in mournful rerac 
An only child died before Him. 

Heber was a ptous, amiable, and accnni^ 
plishcd man ; his character is well di^playe 
in bis writings, which have not, however,n 
tained their reputation. His style is alira^ 



Ileber 



351 



Heber 



«legiint and perspicuouB, and Uls matter 
aensiblti ajid in good taste. Diit his verse 
is wanting in the 'divine atllatus,' and his 
proee in strength and massivpnesR. Kis 
boytah poem on 'Paltistine,' although the 
moflt popular work of its kind, 'm not u 
great poem. In 1811 he published the first 
epccimons of his hvmns in the ' Christian 
Obwrver.' The collection was one of the 
first attempts to write systematically a set 
uf hymns adapted to the ChriAtian seasons; 
and feome uf the hymns, notably those for 
St. Stephen's day, for the lyiiphany, for the 
sixth ijundnv in Lent, and fur Trinity Sun- 
day, are still deservedly popular. The best 
km>wn of all, * From tirvMilaiid's icy nioun- 
tainV was written, while he was on a visit 
to his father-in-law, for a service at Wrexham 
Church, wherebis father-in-law was topreach 
in behalf of the Society for thu Propagation 
I <jf the Gospel. In 1BL:2 he published a single 
^■^lume of poetry. His prose worlfs include 
^^his Bampton lectures, preached in IBlu and 
^jiubliahed in 1816, on 'The Personality and 
j Office of the Christian Comforter,' and 'A 
Life of Bishop Jeremy Taylor, and a Criti- 
cal Examination of liis WnlincK,' written in 
lti22 for iL new edition of Uishop Taylor's 
works, andaft»^r\vard»p»ibli.theil sepamlely in 
two small volumes. After his tleiilh were 
published 'Sermons preached in England' 
(1629), and 'Sermons preached in India' 
(1330), both edited by his widow, aided by 
^ir Robert 11. Inglis; his 'Journey throagu 
India from Calcutta to Bombay, with Notes 
upon Ceylon, and a Journey to Madras and 
the Southern Provinces,' 1828 (2 vols. 4to; 
■and again, 8 vols. 8vo) ; 1&44, 2 vols. 12mo. 
Some uupubltshiHl works are included In the 
* Life 'written by his widow, and in 1841 his 
'Poetical Works,' in one volunu^ were 'for 
the first time offered in a collei'ied form to the 
public' This volume includes the two most 
touching of all hia poems, the lines addressed 
to Mrs. Hebcr, be^finning 'If thou wert by 
my aide, love,' and ' An Evening Walk in 
Bengal.' }{eber aUo contributed to the 
'Quarterly Keview,' uid to the 'Christian 
Observer.' 

[Some Arcotint of the Life, &r. of Regitmld 
Heber. Lord llishop of Culcatta, 1829; Life 
of Regiaald lUUr. D.D.. Lord Divbup of Cal- 
cnltA, by his Widow (»irh correspoodeuca oiid 
Qopublithod vrittufis), 'i to1>. 1830; Life of 
Biahop Hober, by T. Taylor (ool><arcd by the 
writ«ra own sratimcoCft nnd representing Jleber 
aa leas dikdnctly a tiigh i^hurchmnii Uihq liis 
corraspondcQce prDre«) ; art. in QuArt«rly Rr- 
riew. No. Iul. by J. J. Blunt; Poetical Works 
' of Hegioald Heber. 1841 : Prose Works uc 
•apa] J. II, 0. 



HEBER, RICUAUB (1773-1833), book- 
collector, boru in Westminster, 5 Jan. 1773, 
was the eldest son of Jteginald Heber, who 
succeeded his eldest brother as lord of the 
manors of Marton in Yorkshire and Hodnet 
inSliropcIiire.andof Mary Haylie, hisfaiher'a 
tirst wife. His half-brother was Bishop Re- 
ginald Heber [q. v.], a son of the second mar- 
riage. Heber received his first instruction 
from George Henry Glasee [q- v.] In his se- 
venteenth year he began an edition of Pereiua 
(1790),which was never completed. He went 
to Oxford, was entered as a gentleman-com- 
moner at Brasenose College, and ^aduated 
U.A. in 17t« and M.A. 1797. While at Ox- 
ford his reading was chiefly confined to Greek 
and Latin authors, and his views on book- 
collect ing limited to a cl>issical library, lla 
projectea the editing of the Latin poeta not 
incl udcd in Barbou'a collection, and published 
'Silius Itfllicu^' in ITd'ti; he also printed 
part of an edition of ' Claudiun,' which was 
completed and published oAer his death by 
H. Drury. Asan undergraduate, he was an 
eager politician, and frequently posted to 
London to listen to the parliamentary d&- 
briteH. 

From the xtTitings and personal acquaint- 
ance of the Wartoiis, Qeorge Steevens, EUis, 
Percy, and Malone, Heber formed a taste for 
the study of early English dramatic and 
poetical literature, but it was the accidcnied 
purchase of a copy of Henry Peacham'a 
' Vallie of \*arieliej' 1038, which is said to 
have been the beginning of hia unrivalled 
collection of rarities in these classes. . The 
long and intimate friendship of * Fleber the 
magnificent, whose library and cellar are so 
superior to all others in the world,' with 
Scott (letter to Ellis in Locxbart, L^e, ii. 
76) bepm in 1800( Zi^e, i. 322, see also vols. iv. 
V. passim). The sixth canto of ' Marmion' 
ia afTertionatelv dedicated to him, and there 
are frequent allusions to Heber in the notea 
to the ' Waverley Novels.' 

On the death of bis father in 1804 Ileber 
came into the poeseasioo of the Yorkshire 
and Shropshire properties, which he after- 
wards greatly improved. Two years later 
ho was candidate for the representation of 
the university of Oxford, but was successfuUr 
opposed by Lord Colchester (Viaiy, 1861^11. 
78). His renutattonasa bibliophile and stu- 
dent of English literature led John Ferriar lo 
address to him bis poem, ' Bibliomania,* in 
1809, and John Mitford his 'Letter on We- 
ber's Edition of Ford,' in 1813. Soon after 
the peace uf 1815 Heber visited France, Bel- 
gium, and the Netherlands, buving books 
and making new frieads. In 1816 he was 
a member of the committee appointed fo 



Heber 



358 



Ileber 



comitlvr the purcliaee by the nation of l)r, 
Barney's library. Tln^ro beine a voc&ucy in 
tLe repre?enUtion of OxforJ in 1921, he 
again Wnme u canJiilutti, luid -nas electpd 
member for the university against Sir J. 
Ktcboll (Lord Colchester, Diary, ii. 234). 
In the same year he sen'ed aa aberi&'ol" Slirop- 
ahire (J. B. Bukeway, Shfrija of Shrop- 
*hirf, 1831, p. 242). J.L, Adolphusoddresscd 
to him his 'Critical Rpmftrkson llie" Waver- 
ley Novels,*" 1821. Heber wwicreaUtdD.C.L. 
by liis university, 19 June 1822. In 1824 
he v%3 one of the founders of the AthensBum 
Clitb. Although a »lent member of parlia- 
ment, he was constant in Qttendanco and in 
his duties on committer, but while at llrus- 
sela in 1820 he rusi/rned his scat. He rt'- 
mained abroad until 1831, when he returned 
to England ; with the exception of visits to 
■ale-Tooms and booksellers shopji, be lived 
aeduded at Uodnet or I'imlico. Tie died at 
hi» liou»e at Pimlico, 4 Oct. 1833, in his 
eixty-nn)t year, and was buried at Bodnet 
on 16 Nov. following'. 

In person Ucbcr was tall, strong, and well 
mode, and until his last illness lie was of 
robust health. lie was very near-sighted. In 
general society, as well aa in familiar com- 
pany, his manners were moat winning-. His 
literary and bibliographical knowlL-dge was 
equalled by few of his contemporaries, and 
he bad a marvellous raemory. lie travelled 
extensively, uininly in searcli of books. His 
correspondence with bonk»(>llers oml auc- 
tioneers both at home and abroad was very 
great ; but he purchased in all methods, at 
one time a whole library of thirty thousand 
books at Paris. Ho detested large-paper 
copies, as taking up too much room on the 
■helves. He was n bom book-collector. Dib- 
din saw a catalogue of bis books compiled 
at the age of eight. When ten years old he 
requested his fathitr lo buy some volumes at 
a ccrtuin sale, where 'there would bo the 
best editions of the classics.' His nealtv 
'Written flyleaf memoranda are fuuiiliar to atl 
book-buyers. Specimens of his notes mav 
be seen in a 'Terence/ 15C7, and Daniel's 
'Pocmo on theEtiHe of Devonshyre' [160e_], 
at tho British Aluitetim. He was in the habft 
of buying copy after copy of works which 
took his fancy, and was unusually generous 
in lending bis treasures. ' No gentlemoA can 
be without threecopiesof a bouk' was his say- 
ing.* one for show, ono for use, and one for bor- 
rowers.' 'The fiercest and sirongoj=it of allthe 
bibliomaniacs,' as Campbell called htm {Ltfg 
by BEirrii:, ii. 20r>), with ' volumes open as 
thy heart '( Scorr, Introduction to Marmion), 
Wasdescribed by UibdinasAtticus who* unites 
all the octivity of De Witt and Lomeoie, 



with the releiiliveueM of MaicUabeochi osH 
tlie learning of Lclong' {^Uiliwmajua, i. 
131). 

He was unmarried, altliougli there was a 
talk of a match between him and Miss Fran- 
ces Mary Richardson Currer [q. v.] It ww 
thought probable that a portion at least of 
his literary treasures woiud hare been Uft 
to some pubUc institution. Attet a "Umg 
search, his will, dated 1 Sept. 1837, waafomia 
by Dihdin (see }iemmigce>icas, i. 4-10-fi) hid* 
den away on a ahelf. The will disposed of 
property valued at 200,000/., but not a wtird 
was said about the books. Yet when he 
died he po&sessed eight bouses full of them, 
overflowing all the rooms, chair*, t&bles, ud 
passages — two in London, one at Hodoet, 
one in the High Street of Oxford, others ai 
Paris, Brussels, Antwerp, and Ghent, be»ida 
numerous smaller hoards in other narts of 
the continent. liebcr's enormous coliections 
wen? dispersed in a memorable aeries of ttles 
lasting over thnw years. The book* in Eng- 
land >vere sold by Sotheby & Son, Evans, & 
Wheatley, under the superintendence of 
Payne & Foss, and fetched 66,774/. The cata- 
logue is in twelve parts, 8vo, 1834-6. Thf 
fourth part contoined the greater j»ortion of 
his English poetry and works connected with 
the progress of the English languaj?eand Ute- 
rature. This was the feature of bij^ library of 
which he was most proud. Some copies 1 ' 
thin part were ts^iird with a aeparate li^ 
and preface in 1834; the notes were vritl^ 
by J. P. Collier. There wia dlao a sale 
Ghent in 1830 of the books, mostly in fis 
condition, housed by Ileber in that city. The 
catalogue of this »ile (Gaud, 1835, 8vo), and_ 
those deecribiug the books sold at Pahs 
1334 and 1835, compiled by Silvestre, a 
nocessonr to complete the set of the ' BibliQ 
theca Ueberiana.' The books sold 00 \i 
continent, the coins and drawings, bruug 
about 10,(J00A The total cofit to Heber i 
all his purchases is supposed to have bee 
about 100,000/. Dibdin estimated the total 
number of Heber's collections in England 
to have amounted to 127,600 vols. AUi- 
bone calculated more precisely that the book 
in England numbvredll3,195 volumes, thd 
brought from Holland 3.632 volumes, whil 
Boulard's library, purchased and kept i 
Paris, included 30,000 volumes, making 
total of 140,827 volumes (Criticjil Dictionary 
of EtiglUh Literature, 1869, i. 81G). Th» 
tiofA not include an immense number of 
pamphlets and an unknown quantity ct 
books stowed away in all quarters of Eorope. 
Perhaps no man ever collected such vast 
accumulations of choice volumes. 

Thefollowingweieeditedbyhim: l.'Av 



Hebcrden 



359 



Heberden 



Persii Flacci Satrrs?, with Brewster's Crans- 
Intion.' London, 1790, 4to (250 copies prinlcd 
bv Bulmer, without title-page, neither com- 
pleled nor published). 2. ' C. SiUi Itolicl 
Vunic-n/Londini, impensisH. Fnulder exciid. 
G. Bulmt^r, 1792, 2 voU. sra. 8vo. 3. * CI. 
Cl&udiani Carmina/ Ivondon, 1793-0, 2 vols. 
tm. &VO ( unfiniftbed iind never published, com- 

Ced and published under the care of H. 
IT, Londini, typis Bulmoriania [1830], 
2 vol?. »m. 8vo, also lar^c poper). 4. 'Spe- 
cimens of the Early English Poets, by Georgo 
Klli*. The fourth edition corrected, London, 
1811, Svola.sm. 8vo. &. 'Caltha Poelanim, 
or the Bumble Bee, bv T. Cutwode,' London, 
Roxbiirghe Club, ISlO, 4to (reprinted from 
the edition of 1609), 

[Biography in Oent. Majf. January 1834, pp. 
1D5-9. aud Ann. B>og. 1836. xix. 421-9. See 
alM T. F. Dibdin's Rcmioisconf^, 1836, i. 429- 
446 : Bibliomania, I84t2,i. 12B-32; Bibliographi- 
cal Decameron. 1817, ii. 38-1 ; and Bibliophybia, 
1832. pp. 37, 93 . R. S<>uthey*B Life and Corre- 
spondence, 1819, 6 Toln nm. 8vo; Ftistrr's 
Alumni Oxon, IbSS.ii. 641; Notes and Querieti, 
6tb B«r. zii. 425 ; NiefaoU'a liltutr. of Lit HUU 
Tiii. 378; J. Mitfoni's Sacred SpNimcaa from 
tb© Early Endlish h^ls. 1827, pref.ee; J. H. 
Barton's Book Hunter; K. Bdwards's Memoiraof 
Libraries, ii. 134 6; Brtinct's Manaol dii Li- 
braire. 1860, i. 623: Letteri of Bishop Hobcr 
to his Brother are in tlia Life of the Bi»hop by 
his Widow, 1830, roL i., and Jooroey tbroufzh 
the Cpper Prorincrt of ludia. 1829. iii. 403. 
Some of HeWr's rare workt an described in 
Clarke's Repertorium Bibliojipraphicum, 1810, 
jip. 27&-88; Dibdin's Library Companion. 1824 ; 
Gent. ilni. Jannary and February 1836. pp. 79, 
195, JnnO'iry and April lfl3d. |)p 78, 412; and 
■"acray's AnnaU of the Bodleian Library. 2nd 
lit. 1890.1 II. R. T. 



^ 



HEBERDEN, WILLIAM, thft cUer 
(171U-1W)I), pbyftician, bom in London in 
Au^at 1710, and descended from an old 
family, was aon of Richard Heberden.whow 
profeaiion ianot recorded. He was educated 
ftt St. Saviour'sQrammar School, South wark, 
and, showing considerable protniae, waa aent 
at an earlv ago to St. John's College, Cam- 
bridge, in iVcember 1 724. HegraduatedBA. 
1 728, was elected fellow of faia college 6 April 
1731| after which he studied mediciDe, partly 
in Cambridge and partly io a London boapitai, 
andinl739procceoedM.R Hebecamoncnior 
fellow of his college 3 July 1749, and prac- 
tised me^licine fur about ten yean in the uni- 
versity. He ga%-e an annual cnurie of loe- 
ttirea on materia u'-dicA, a manuscript copy 
of which waa formerly ui thn jiOHN-Mion of 
Dr. Pcttijrrew. His tract on ' Mithridatium 
and Thenaca,' published in 174<% ia auppottd 



to contain the substAnce of one of these lec- 
tures. While at Cambridge he acquired the 
reputation of a good classical acboUr, and 
contributed a letterfrom Cleanderfi Alexiaa 
on ' Ilippocnites and the state of Phvsic in 
Greece' lo the collection called * Ainenian 
Letters' (1741), wriiieo by a group of Cam- 
bridti^e scholars, navingbcen admittcdcan- 
didate of the C^^lIcpe of Pliysicians in 1746 
and fellow in 174H, Hebi^rden in 17'lt< came 
to London. on the adviceof Sir Edward Uulae, 
and settled in Cecil Street, where he aoon 
began to gel into practice, and gave up his 
fellowship at St. John's in 176*J, when he 
married. In 174(1 he declined the king's ofler 
of the post of physician to Queen Charlotte, 
then coming to* England. In the College 
of Physicians Ileberden held fuecessively 
various important offices, such anOuletonian 
lecturer in 1749, Ilarveinn orator iu 1760, 
Croouian lecturer in 17tlO, censor and elect. 
He Wft» made fellow of ihe Koyal Society in 
February 1749, and hnnoren.- member of the 
Royal Society of Medicine (Paris) in 1778. 
Artermorelhan thirty years' continuous prac- 
tice iu Ixmdon, when m hisserenty-third year, 
he gave himself partial restby retinngforthe 
summer monthff to a house which he had 
bought at Windsor, but returned to town for 
the winter. He retired completely from prac- 
tice some years before liifl death, which ha^ 
nonedathishousein Pall Mall, 17 May IHO). 
lie was buried in the parish church at Wind- 
sor, where a monument was erected to hU 
memory. 

Heberdon wan one of tbo moct eminent 
Hngliih physicians of the eighteenth cen- 
tury, an<l made valuable cuntnbutiona to the 
science of medicine. Cowper. Johnson, and 
Warburton, among others, have commemt>- 
ratcd his kindncR^ and skill. It was always 
his custom to take careful written not^s of 
all noteworthy cases under hm rare, and these 
records furmeJl the basis of h'v* famous 'Com- 
mentarii-*,' which he began to compile when 
over seventy years of age, and left to hie 
aon to nublish after his death. Tbey paawd 
tbrougb fu-veral editions. English or Latin, 
both in this couuiry ond abrooil. Earlier 
papen wen publiabed by him in the ' Medi- 
cal Trauaeetiona of the College of Phyiicianji,' 
a publication of which H^bordim wnj, in ] 7G3, 
the first promoter. Among f hrwi the account 
of angina pectoris is important aa being the 
flrat deacnptinn of tluit diieaee [ and the 
paper rm chicken-pox i« banlly let* original. 
Otlieni with laae ooraltT ibow cofucientiouB 
nccurory. H# wrota auo ttmt papem in the 
* Phitosophiral Trni)«artions,' two of which 
are <m mfdiral Nubj<-cts. The writ ing« of bia 
Cambridtfe priod, and ibe locturee of iffbioh 



Heberaen 



360 



cxtnicta are g:iven by Petti^w, are cbtul); j read21Jutyl768j,*(>f Disrft«eiiof theLtTrr,' 
notable for unidition, which U, however, | ' Of the Nettle Ksab,'&c.; vol. liL ' Acf^ont 
domttiat«d by a rational sccpticiem. Heber- of the Dissection of one that ba'l i — - 
den waa not only a good Bcholar but a patron troubled with Angina pectoris * t'dis^ . 
of learning. He had printed at his own ex- j bTJohn Hunter ),*0f the Mcsaler,* A;c 4. In 
penf« two editions of Euripides — 'SuppUceii I t£e ' PhUosopbical TianMCt ions * he wn>t« 
Muliereo,' 176.'} : the two plays of* Ipbigenia,' 1 ' An Account of a very large Human 
1771--cdited by Marktond, a 9cholar whom cuius' (xlvi. 5iK)), end other papers. 6. 
beheld in high esteem, and whose epitaph Dissertation on the Daphne [of the Ancienu] 
in Dorking Church he wrote. H«.'benlen also with a I-etter to Dr. Mejid, 18 Dec. 1741' 
puhlishwl from a Harleian manuscript in the Dril. Mus. Addii. MS. 0209. Letter* 
Brilinh Mufseum Convert* Middlelon'tt * Ap- , Heberdenare in Brit.Mus. Addit.MS.29li0l. 
■eiidix (o his Dissertation on the eervile Con- f. 285 ; Eg. MS. ilS5, f. 128. 



dition of Fhyeicians among the Ancienis,' 
with a narrative of the curiouji circumatanccs 
which had prevented its earlier publication. 
It i« recorded, on the other hand, that he 
bumedan unpubljahed manujuripi of Middle- 
ton's on the ' Inefficacy of Prayer,' which he 
judged to be of an unedifying character, and 
paid Middlnton's widow the turn offered by 
a bookaeller for the manuscript ^variously 
sUted u from Wt. tu :;00/.) He wa» ex- 
tremelv charitable. 

Dr.Johnsonspokeof Heberdenaj>'L'IttmuH 
Ilomanorum, the la*t of our learned physi- 
cians,' but he might almost as well have been 
called the 6r8t of the modems. Soemmering, 
who brought out his worlt.t in Germany, cha- 
racterised him more aptiv as ' Medicus vere 



[A short aatobiograpby in Latin i« triTM i^ 
facsimile of lleberden's haadwritinj; in 
grev's Medical Portmil Oallen.'. 1839: and , 
bburt mctDoir by his tmn is pre6xad tu the Coh 
reentariM. Nidiola's lat. Anecd. and Dlusir. « 
Lit., passim; Dr. fitscmichael's Gol-Ihe 
Csne. 2od ed. 1828, p. 147: Lirra of hriui 
Pbysiciaiu. 1830. P i^: Munk'a Coll.of Fhvi 
1878, ii. 160 : A. C. Buller's Life and Wo 
Heb«rdea, Looduo, 1879 (gives 
Baker's Birt. of St. Juhn's Coltegv, 
cd. MrtjoT ] J. F. P7 

HEBERDEN, WILLIAM, the youiw^ 
{17«7-lH4.'j). physician, bom 23 March ifflij 
in Cecil Street, London, was second 
only surriving eon of William H^benie 



_ apt I V as ,,. ..J „ 

Hippocraticus.' Dr. W. C Wells ( if'ork»,jf. house and at St. John's College, Cambri ^ 
376) justly says: 'No other person, either m where he graduatedB.A. 1788 ax first senl 
this or any other country, has ever exercised j optime. He was second chancellor's medi. 
the an ol medicine with the same dignity, 1 Iist,tookontwooecasion8themember6'prizi 



or contributed so much to raise it in the esti- 
mation of manliind.' 

Heberdeu married (1) in 1752 Elizabeth, 
daughter of John Martio, M.P.; she died in 
17.54, leaving him one son, Thomas, canon of 
Exeter, who was father of Thomaa Heberden 



and was fellow of his college from L8S tol 
]7y6. He became M.A. 1791, and wa* in- J 
corporated on this degree at Oxford, wbrn 
he took hia medical degrees, M.B. 1792, M.D»j 
1795, Heberden dtudiod in London atSd 
George's Hospital, and was elected phys 



(rf. 1877>, physician ; (2), in 1700, a daugh- ! there LI Nov. 1793, but resigned ois o 
ter of William Wollaston, by whom he had in 1803. He wns admitted candidate of thi 
eight children, of whom only two survived College of Physicians 1796, fellow 30 Sopi 
their father, one beingpr. William Heberden 1796, and was afterwards censor and eleci 
the younger [q. v.] His portroit, by Sir W. ' He deliverfKl the Harveion oration 1 



Beechey, is at the College of Physicians, and 
has been engraved by W. Ward, and also in 
Pettigrew's collection. 

His chief works were : 1. * 'Avri&ijptoKa, an 
Essay on Mithridatium and Tlieriaca,' 8vo, 
1745. 2. ' Commeniarii de Morborum HIs- 



He was aUo a follow of the Royal Society,] 
Heberden was early in life attached to thi 
court, being made physician cxtraordina 
to the queen in 1795, and to the king inj 
1806. He received the higher appointment! 
of physician in ordinary to the queen in ISOfl 



toriaet Curatione,'8vo, London, 1802, 1807; and tothe king in 18()9. He declined mors 



Frankfort, I8(M; Leijjzig, I8(t5, 1827 : Eng- 
lifth tranidntion (iu<cribed to Dr. WilUani 
Hftbordim,iun.), London. 18().S,1806. 3. In 
* Medical Traasactions of Collppi of Physi- 
cians:' vol. i., * Of the Night mindne3R,'*0n 
the Chicken Pox,* ' On the Epidemical Cold 
of 1707.' &c. ; vol. ii., * Of the Hectic Fever, 
Remarks on the Pnlse,' ' .Some Account of 



than once the o^er of a baronetcy with »< 
pension. During the la^t illness of George III 
lie was one of the physicians most frequently 
in attendance, nnd contemporary accoimts 
state that he had a tolerably large practice. 
In 1812 bis plans were entirely changed 
by the death of his wife, which left him a 
widower with nine children. He retired 



a Disorder of the Breast ' (angina pectoris { to Datchet, Buckinghamshire, and oocu^ed 



I 



hinuelf with the education of his children, 
his only medical practict* being att«iid&nce on 
the king at Windsor. In 16A) he returned 
to Loodon to superintend the otudies of one 
of his aoiu who Lad entered as a student at 
St. George'« Hospital. The death of this 
son in 1B29 from a diAsection wound, of 
another »on and of a dau|rhtcr shortly nfler- 
warda, induced him finally to retire from 
practice, and he devoted the rtist of his life 
to study and authorship in theological sub- 
jects, lie died in London 19 l*'eb. MMH, and 
was buried at Windsor. 

llcberdcn was an accomplished phrsician 
and scholar^ Tirhnse aucceas was aided by 
every favouring circumstance of education, 
pwition. and family connection. Hi:^ medical 
writings, which were nnt numrrou;', were 
learned and accurate rather than original. 
His personal interest in education induced 
him to write a fthort dialogue on that subject , 
and to tranxlate for the benetit of hi^ ditU 
drtm Plutarch's treatise (from the 'Mnrali*') 
on 'Brotherly Love.' He hUo irnn^laled 
Cicero's * Letters to Atticus.* He wai* the 
author of the in«cription on Adiliflon'f^monu- 
ment in WMttminj^ler Abtiey, and hiii Ilar- 
veian oration m an interesting and elegant | 
specimen of academical Latin. His biblical 
criticisms and translations seem to have been 
chiefly composed for the use of his friends. 
He is credited with having made the English 
veniao of his father's * Commentaries/ 1 boagb 
Ilia nwne does not appear. | 

His published vntings (all printed in ' 
London) were : 1. * Observations on iho In- ' 
crease and Decrease of different Diseaaca j 
and particularly of the Hwoe,' 1801, 4lo. | 
2. 'Morborum Puerilium Epitome/ 1804/ 
8vo. English veraioo of the came, |h07, 
llfmo. 8. < Orati«)HarT«ana,' 180^-10. 4l<>. 
4. 'On Education: a Dialogue after ttf man- 
ner of (^cero*6 rhilosopliical Dia^uiaitiona/ 
1818. 12Ba b. * LetlcfB of Ckura to Al^ 
jbctts,* translated with aofea, 1485, 9fo. ; 
' Reflections bbqo the Ooml a cc oB few g' to i 
.John.'189D,l2»a 7, * AUttfml'hMM-t 
lalioQ of the Apoatol««l KpMlla awl ii«T«- 1 
latiotv* with oo nuuieai eeaflMstary, Uf39, 
Sro. & In tb« *ll«dacal TraxMctuM of 
She Collage of PkyviCMBs/ vol rr. ll^'Ofa 
Pernliar AfJwtOTiflftWKr— WXyrtattya); 
<3)'0faMmtkMUcatW.^c«rTv/Ae. %'oLt. 
' A Cam of Waur in tte U^' ft^. 9, U 
thm * niloMfUnl laamtumm/vM. Icuvi. 
ITW^'Oatfa !■•■■■ I a^OMf-the 
Brnkh «r thn UnkkM* «r LMrfA«? 

SB4ediA.inikfiM;lUl«raG4l «flWM>7«, 

fv r 



fi. liT.I 



HXGHT, EL»L" AUU tlfiW lt«», mu- 
sician* son of Ueinrich llechl, a musician 
and teacher of sinring at Frankfon, was 
born on SB Nov. 1833 at PurWieini-im-tbe- 
Hannll, UheniRh Ilnvaria. \n % child he 
studied music undi*r his fiithttr, and MulMf>- 
quenlly under Jacob Uo»enhain, 1. Clirifttinik 
HauA', and K. ^Iciiser. In Nov»mlM>r 18M lu* 
came tu EngUiul.nnd ftottled in Manchiwler 
as a pianoforte ti.<nch*«r. AMOoIatwl with .Mr 
(now Sir) Charle* HalU in lilt eoooerta from 
an esrly date, he acted aa bii ohoni>-tnaat«r 
from IH70, and aftnrwards aa sub-eonduelor. 
In addition to a large private practice aa 
singing and pianufortn master, liii wan con- 
ductor of the Manchutlor Liedertafel fnim 
l^iAy tfl |)?"H; w(w conductor of ilir St. IV. 
cilia C^lioral iSrtciety from ]H(Kj,and cunductor 
nf the Strt'tford Ulioral Soeietv fn>m 1k7«. 
He IxTJime in 187r)ie<;tun*r on fiarmonyand 
coinptMition at Owenn (^lli*ge, and wnn eon- 
duclor uf the Bradford and Halifax .Mum- 
cal Society. A man of artiatie inntinet and 
energy,heconiiHM>'>iJ many well'ktKiwn works, 
which extend to Op. 1^8. Among ihcnian-a 
ftvmphuri} plnyedotllAlli^'iiconcerts.nchunii, 
* Jlie (.'linrge of ihn Light Itrigad'*/ * Kriu 
the Dune/ a rauiata, pianofort'i piecs, (j«rt- 
songfi, trioD, two utritigquartetii. inarrliK* for 
milit ary band, &c. 1 le died suddoniy at Man- 
chester on March 1887. 

{Gmtf'iiDin.of MuaivandMailoiaiM, iv,670; 
Mirchrftter EreniDg News, 7 Uareb 1SS7 ; pri> 
Ystfl iafumatiun,) A, Sv. 

HEDDI. HiEDDI, HA£DDA« or 
iBTLA (tf. 706), biahop of the OewiaaM or 
WMt-SaxoiM,waa«oii«Mr«tod U London kj 
Archbishop Tbemlom in 67fl ■* MiaaaMor to 
l>'uihertu>t or Hlothar, vadm wImw ibo 
w hole kingdom of WoMei fmimJ n Mflr 
dioeese. !U fixed his aee nt WoMfeaaur, 
and, probably about 879, msorad tliHIiT 
like bona of 8t. UmsM {5. r.\hom Puiilii 
tor m OrfuiiMiiir- AvXongk tUi wm not 
tW fiattiae tfa« WacftaMarwM mm^ ihm 
nowUnf of n Wa«-8uon fcishopramMsAv 
Wm}, Ueddt'a BicntMn wna W (iW 
vxMct dole oppean «iwert«at; ti m i ht n m% 
date,«}3, ^ tbe frmfmX of tlv mikmrn 
wA inMtwvft^k. AMemA 
Myfcnyi,i,inli— Jpnrt<^^<Mtt Isri 
yena kafv, CW ifli^iw cT tW 
power fMaod it Ml loapr • J 
for a Wilif an. It » ' 
IlMlfi i*««U W iJiiriiiJ wMb AH* 
mmk «r WMUv Mfcr At SWb fBjOtt. 

rtui. BfH, i«. m «w fcMBM iMofor 

r»»rr^«c^. ibeivdk ,4hfe mm§ hmm 09tm 

•ruier 




S62 



Hedges 



jnu6t Imve Ijwn fippninted to Dorchester as 
a Mercian bislinpin h7d, and Imve died shortly 
iktlerwanla ; but it is by no means certain 
that Dorcbesler became Mercian po early. 
Uc<]di is ftaiJ by William of Malmeabur>- to 
have bor>n an nbhoT, which must mean abbot 
of Whiiby, but there an abbeaa would seem 
more according to nilp, and aa he is descri bed 
as not particularly learnt, he is frcarcelv 
likely to have been one of St. Hildas 
(ohoiars. Althoufrh Th&odore divided many 
nf the Knglish dioceses, he left the 'VN'est- 
Saxon diocese untouched, and iasaid to have 
decreed that it should not bcdivided during 
the lifetime of Heddi, wh^ was evidently 
opposed to such a step. In 701, however, 
the question of a division seems to have 
been revived, for Waldhere, bishop of Lon- 
don, wrote to Archbi'shop Brihtwald [q. v.], 
saying that it had been detennineu in a 
synod held in that vear to refuse to commu- 
nicate with the \Vest-Saxona unless thev 
obeyed Brihtwald's decree concerning the 
ordering of bishops^ which can scarcely refer 
to anything else than & division of the dio- 
cese. In spite of this, however, Heddi's 
diocese was not divided until after hi»de-ath, 
which took place in "O."* (Fi,or. Wta., and 
l>y implication Bxdi, who puts it after tlie 
accession of Osred in Xort humbria, but Angt&- 
Saxon Chron. wron^rly 703). lie appears to 
haveworked well with Iiie, king of the West- 
i^ons, and was a friend of Archbishop 
Theodore. He was a man of much personal 
holiness, and was zealous in the djsch&i>ge 
of his episcopal duties. A letter to him 
from Aldhclm is pn^served by William of 
Malmesburv' ( Gefta Pontificum, v. 341 ). He 
i)» reckoned a saint, his ilay being 30 Julv- 
Manv miracles w^re work'wl at his tomb, 
and Bicda wos told that the West-Saxons 
wei"e wont to carry away a little dust from 
it, to mix with water, and give it to the sick 
to drink; that this mixture had cured many, 
both men and beoats ; and that the habit of 
taking away dust fi-om the grave wait so 
largely practised that a ditch of no small 
aizo had already been made round it. His 
name was on one of the pyramids said to 
have been discovered at GInstonburv. A 
large number of charters ore subscribed with 
his ziame between ti7G and 701. 

[Bede's Hirt. Eccl. iv. cc. 12. 23. v. c. 18; 
Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 670. 703 ; Florence of 
WorcMter. ann. 67", 706 ; William of Malinc»* 
burr's G«ta Pontificum. pp. 158, 159, 341, 375 
(Soils Ser.), and Do Antiqq. Glaston., QaIp's 
Scriptt. iii. 30B ; Thonms Rodbome. Anglia Sacra, 
i. 193 ; Mndian and Stu>'bs'« Crinndls and Eccl. 
Doct.iii. 120, 130,263. 267; Diet. Chriit. Biog., 
vn. ' Hedda,' ly Bishop Stubbs.) W. H. 



HEDUI U8, STEPHEN ijl. nm), chrow'- 
cler. [See Eddi.] 

HEDGES, Sir CHARLES (A 17U 

lawyer and politician, great-^nndson of Jo 
Lacy of Wilrshire, was son of Henry UeA 
of \Vanborough in thatcountv. whomanwil 
Margaret, daughter of R. Pleydell of Childe 
Berkshire; Sir William Hodges [q. •«" 
his second cousin. Ue was edncated| 
ford , taking t he d^rees of B. A . 2d Nor.l 
when he was at Magdalen Hall; M..\.(i}f 
Magdalen College) on 31 Mav 1673, i ' 
D.C.L. on 20 June 1G75. On 25 Oct. in i 
last year he was admitted to the : 
Advocates ; he waa created chancell 
vicar-general of the dioces« of Koche 
patent for life in 1636, and ma&ter • 
facultiea and judfe of the admiralty couiSr' 
in place of Sir Richard Raines, on' 1 June 
1G89, when he was also knig^hted. He wu 
returned as M.P. for Orfonl tn Suffolk m 
1098, but counter-petitions for and against 
the return were presented. Hedges and his 
co1h>ague» were unseated by an election com- 
mittee (1 Feb. I700),and the house cnnfirmfd 
the decision by a majority of one vote ( 1 Feb. ) 
In the short-iived pnrlioment of 1701 he sat 
for Dover, and nt the election in November 
1701 he was returned for Calne and Matmac- 
bury. His opponents endeavoured to eject 
him from boiu places, and the election fur 
Calnu was declared void, but thtt petitia 
egiiinsLhiaretumforMalmesbury failed. A, 
the next election (August 170*^) he was again 
returned for both Calne and Malmesbury^ 
and in this instance elected lu serve fur tb 
former borough. He contested the const tin 
ency of Calne ogoin in 1705 and 1708,1 
was not successful. He nevertheless retaioa 
a seat in parliament, as he was tKrico (1705';" 
I "OB, 171 0) returned for West Looe, andourr 
(1713) for East Looe. His political opinioiu 
were those of the tones, but he usually voted 
as his own individual interest promptci' 
Mainly through the intluence of the Earl i 
Uoche-ster he was sworn as secretary of stall 
and a privy councillor on 5 Nov. 1700, whe 
according 'to Luttrell, he was allowed ' 
special permission of the king to remain jud 
of the admiralty court, and he continued 
bo judge until 29 Dec. 170L The Ducbi 
of Marlborough soid of him: *He hoa 
capacity, no quality nor interest, nor evt 
could have been in that post [i.e. the » 
taryship] but that everybody know.tmv 1_ 
Rochester cares for nothing so mucL a* a 
man that he thinks will depend upon bin ' 
(Aecofoit of Omduct of Thichf*e of Mart- 
borough, pp. 204-11). He attended iht 
queen to Bath in August 1703,and for a ifaort 



Hedges 



363 



Hedges 



time (April to May 171)4) he was declared the 
noli! secretary, both home and foreign, until 
a fiiiccesaor was appointed tn the Earl of 
Nottingham. During 1705 tho whigs con- 
Btantlv endeavoured to eject him from office 
to mtkkc room for the E&rl of Suuderland, and 
the queen at laat submitted. The change wus 
announced on 3 Dec. 1706, but it was stipu- 
lated that Hedges shuuld bo appointed to 
the judgeshiji of the preroffotive court of 
Cant*^rburT on its vacation l)y Sir Richard 
Itoineg, and in January 1711 he succeeded to 
that post. In November of the same year 
be was mentioned as the third plenipoten- 
tiary to negotiate the treaty oft trerht, but 
it never passed beynnd rumour. For some 
time his chief residence was at Richmond 
Green, in a house which afterwards passed 
to Sir Matthew Decker, but in 1700 he 
bought thtj estate of Compton CamberweU, 
in Compton Rassett, near Calne, and the 
family arms are still preserved around the 
parapet of the hoiise. He owned much pro- 
perty in Wiltshire, Among the privately 
printed works of Sir Thomas Phtllipps was 
one called ' Lond-hoLdera of Wanborough ; 
IVomaMapor Wanborough, the estate of the 
Right Hon. Sir Charles Hedges. Token and 
drawn in 1709 by P. Assenion.' Hedges died 
on 10 June 171*1, and was buried at Wan- 
borough on 1.") June. His widow, Eleanor, 
daughter of George Smith, a proctor in Lon- 
don, died in 17.S3, and was also burie<l nt 
Wanborough. They had if*.<fueonedangliter 
and three aotie, Henry. William, nnd Charles. 
^Villiam married as his first wife Klitabeth, 
sole heiress of the farailr of Gore, at Alder- 
ton in Wiltshire (cf. Gertf. Mag. X'ii^^Q, pt. i. 
S. 376, and Audrey, Collection*, ed. the Uev. 
. E, Jackson, p. 46). 
Hedges is satd to have been the anony- 
mous author of ' Reasons for Setting \**c] 
Admiralty Juriwlict ion and giving encourage- 
ment to Mercliant.«,{_>wneTS, Masters of Ships, 
Material Men, and Marinej,* lO'^K), the main 
object of which was to improve the methods 
of pressing seamen. Henry Maundrell was 
his nephew, and the famous ' Journey from 
Aleppo to Jcrusalom at Easter 1097 'is dedi- 
cated to him. Heamo records in his diarj' 
that Hedgetf gave this book to the university, 
but that the officials-were guilty of some dis- 
courtesy which diapleasen the* donor. At 
the 8al» of the library of the College of Ad- 
vocated at Doctors' Commons there were pur- 
chased for the British )Iuseum the Audit. 
MSS. 24102-07, oil relating to Hedges. 
They contain notes of cases beard by him, 
account s of his fees, with case« and precedents 
which he had collected. The most interest- 
ing is his letter-book (No. 24107), compris- 



ing copies of bis letters, olticial and privitte, 
including many lo Maundrell. Many other 
letters to and from him are at the British 
Museum and in the coUectioos described in 
the Historical Manuscripts Commission, Hia 
grand-daughter wrts motlierof Oolouel Mont- 
agu, the ornithologist, after whose dfotU 
upwards of three hundred letters written to 
Hedges by the first Duke of Marlborough, 
and three notes addressed to him by <^iicen 
Anne, were sold by auction in 1B16 for o70 
guineas. Some letters from Marlborough to 
him are printed in Murray's 'Letters and 
Despatches of the Duke.' Elkanah Settle 
issued in 17H a funeral poem to the memory 
of Hedges. X^ 

[Lultrt'll's Hist, Relation, i. 557. iv. 608-12/* 
7114-6, 710. r. P24. Iftl, 160,207.418. n. 673; 
Coiite's Civilian*, p. BR; ^ubrryV Colteetluns, 
»L JaclcsoD. pp. 42-52; Le Npvc'b Kuigbta 
(Hsrl. Foe riii.), p. 416; Ynlnn Iljary of W. 
He<lgog (IlnklQ.vt Soc), ii. 32-6. 106-7 ; Wenfc- 
worth PHper*, p. 215; Niehr<U's IllnstrAtions of 
Lit. vi. 718; Ly^nns's Environs of London. 1. 
4>^3; HeitrtieV C'lltections, hI. Dolile. iii. 117; 
01d(Ieia*« Pari. Hist. iv. u63-4. v 140-60, 100- 
170; Gint. M)ig. 1811} pt. ii. pp. 23. 135. 231, 
60>>, 1836 pt. i. pp. 376-7 i Notea and Queries, 
6th ser. vi. 47B, rii. 278.] W. P. C. 

HEDGES, Sir WILLIAM (1632-1701), 
governor of Bengal, bom on lil Oct. !<;32 at 
Coole, CO. Cork, was the eldest son of Itobert 
Hedges of Youglial in the Hame county, and 
Kingsdown, iu the parish of Strattoo, Wilt- 
shire, by hifl wife Catharine, daughter of 
Kdward Wakeman of Mvthe, Gloucester- 
shire. He, as well as bis Jather and grand- 
father, is fonnftllvBtyled'Lftcy,fl//Vr*IIedge9;' 
his great-grandt'other WBS John Lacv of Wilt- 
shire; Sir Charles Hedges [q. v.] was his 
second cousin. He commenced his career a» 
a Turkey merchant, presumably in the S4'rvice 
of the Levant Company at Constantinople. 
In his 'Diary' he refers to bis colloquial 
knowledge ofArabic and Turkish. He was 
head of the factory at Constantinople, but 
finding the press of business too heavv for him 
and his partner Palmer, ho invited Dudley 
North, who was then at Smyrna, to come 
and lake a share. Leaving North to fill hia 
place. Hedges returned to England about 
1671-2. On 10 April 1081 he was elected 
one of the twenty-four * committees' (direc- 
tors) of the East India Corafiany at a general 
court of the * adventurers' (proprietors). On 
tho following 3 Sept. he was clinsen agent 
and governor of the company's afluirs in the 
Bay of Bengal. He was instructed to put a 
slop to tho growing exactions of ihe native 
rulers and their subordinates, to cht.'ck the 
recently organiied eSbrts of the * iaterlopen' 




Hedges 



3^4 



«o brealc ilirou^th the company '» monopoly, 
arid to puniiib the (liMboiiv«ty of many of the 
company's own aervanU. In particular he 
was to arrest bis protlecessor, Matthias Vin- 
cent. Hedges sailed from the Downs on 
tiS Jan. 10^, anchorifd in Balawre Uoad on 
17 July, and reticUed Hoogly t»n 24 July. 
lUs want of tact and prudence brought Lum 
into constant cullieion with bia associates in 
the council at Iloogly, es[ieciallT with Job 
Charaock [q. v.], John Heard, and Francis 
EUia, and in the end Ihey pniviMl too strong- 
for him. ilis detention ol Beard's leltiT tu 
Sir Joaiab Child, the contents of which he 
hod contrived to know, subjected him to the 
ill-will of the latter. On :;i Dec. Ht83 the 
f'ourt iMU<*d a formal revocation of his com- 
misai on, which reached him on 17 July 10S4. 
He according^ty left Hoo^fly, embarked on 
yO Dec., visited Persia on bia way, and landed 
at Dover on 4 Anril 1(W7. On ii March 1(J88 
he waa knighted bv James TI, and became 
A member of the Mercers' Company- On 
t>6 May 1090 he, lotrelber with Thomas Cook, 
was put forward by the church party as a 
candidate for the shrievalty of tLe city of 
London, but neither won. In June 1(593 be 
was chosen itberift'along^ with Alderman Ab- 
ney. A month lat4»r bo ww* olec ted alderman 
for Porisoken ward. In 1004 be wn-s chosen 
one of the twenty-four directors of tbe'New 
Bank' (Bank of England), and four or five 
years later resumed to a certain extent bis 
connection with the Ea^t India Company. In 
1698 the old company formed a 'grand com- 
mittee* of twenty-six gentlemen associated 
with thetwenty-sixoftbeircourtto deal with 
certain resolutions bostilo to their interests 
which had been i>a8Sed by thea^mmons on 
1*4 May. A similar committpe wa.H ag^in 
formed in January- 1699, and of this last 
Jledges and Sir John Letheuillier were mem- 
bers. The two were deputed on 17 Jan. in 
that year to open nc^tiationt> for coalition 
with the new company. In 1700 Hedges 
was a candidate for the mayoralty, but was 
not successful, lie died in London on 6 Aug. 
1701, and was buried, as directed in bis will, 
with his iirst wife at Stratton on the l&th. 
He was twice married. Hi^tirrit wifc,Susanna, 
eldest dauffhterof Nicholas Vanacker of Eritb, 
Kent-, died in childbirth at Iloogly on G July 
1083, leaving two sons, ^Villiam"and Robert , 
and a daughter Susanna. He married as his 
second wife, on 21 July 1GS7, Anne, widow 
of Colonel John Searle of Finchley, and by 
her bad two sous, John and Cbarlea. In 1 693 
Hedges bought land to the value of 200/. 
in Stratton, and settled it for an augmenta- 
tion of the vicarage and better maiiituiiance 
of the vicar and vicars* widows for ever. He 



also directed that a sermon on charity bl 
be preached annually by the vicar ' the oeit 
Sunday to the sixth of July/ the " '*'" 
6rst wife's death. The sermon ia su 
though the endon-ment com inues. 
* Diary,' commeucing on "Jo Nov. 
terminating abruptly on March 1(188, vw 
purchased by Mr. H. Bartow of a booksalW 
named Bohn in High Street, Canterbury, on 
20 Sept. 1875. The manu^ript has Wb 
presented by Mr. Barlow to tbe fudiaOtficf, 
whence id all probability it originally came. 
It waa printed bv the Hakluyt Society, under 
the editorship of Colonel Sir Henry Vule, in 
1687. A second volume of biographical and- 
miHCf!lIaneou5 illustrations of thetlme in IndlJ 
was issued in 1886. 1 

[Uedgpf'n Diary, edited by Sir Henry YsU 
fur the lliaiuyt Soc.) O. G. 

HEDLEY, ^V^XIAM (1779-1843), 

ventor, was born ah Xewbum, near Ne' 
castle-on-Tyne, on 13 Juh- 1779. He wi 
educated at a school at \Vylam, and wb< 
not yet twenty-two vears of age waa ap- 
pointed viewer at N\albottIe coUieiy 
Northumberland. H*- afterwards held 
same pot^ition at tbe Wylam colliery, taki 
charge, in addition, of tbe Hlii^U lead mi 
at AUton in Cumberland. The diilicultj 

and e.\peiise of the mode of conveying 

from tuti pits to the river Trne drew bii- 
attention to the necessity of improving tbe 
means of transit, and it was to bia mg«- 
nuity that tbe locomotive engine of IVcTi- 
tbicir, Blenkinsop, and Chapman first became 
practicallv, or at all events extensively, twi 
ml. Heifley first saw clearly that a I 
motive engine and wagons needed none 
the old rack raiU and toothed wheels to i> 
cure aulhcicnt friction to induce motion;' 
bis patent for tbe smooth wheel and rait 
system bore date 13 March 1813. Soon 
alVerwards the smooth rails were laid down 
at Wylam. ^- 

lledley waa a designer and maker of loco^f 
motive engines, and discovered, though btf^^ 
did not perfectly develope, the principle of 
the blatit-pipu, a method of producing a 
greater draught by returning the ex' 
steam into tbe chimney. Tliis was cerlainl; 
introduced into engines of bis which were at' 
work as early as 1814. 

Hedley had been a shipowner since 1 
In 1822, during a .Htrtke of the keelmen, 

Eromptly placed one of his engines upon 
arge, and, working' it wtth puddlt>s, tow 
tho keels to tbe eoaU^boots without thi 
men's assistance. Steamboats had been in- 
vented earlier [see HcLi^ Jonathan], but 
they ware Utile used, and the action was 



cbaracteriatic of Hedley'a energy and re- 
eource. 

In 1H24 he took the Crow Teps cnlliery, 
near Purham, nnd later that af Colli-rton, 
near WvUm. In 1828 he removed to Shiold 
Row, where ho rented for some time the 
South Moor colliery. While at Callyrton 
he introdiicerl an improved HViitem of i>iini|>- 
ing the water out of collierieit, which, ttiough 
adveT«4:Iy criticised at the time, was soon in 
general use in the north of Knetand. 

Hedley died at Bumhopeside Hall, near 
Lanchester, Durham, on 9 Jan. IB4:i, and 

I was buried at Xowbum. Four of his sons 

I Piirvivcd him : Oswald I>o<ld Iledley (rf. 
1882); Thomas Hedley (rl. 1877), who loft 
much monev to endow the Northumberland 
htBhopric; William iledley ; and George 

, Hedlejr. 

j The inTentiona connecli^d with the ftteam 

engine are alt matters of dispute. Hedley's 
discoveries were not widely known at the 
rim»', and, owin^ to the desire of popular 
writers to simphfy the story and to add to 
its picturfsquoness by consolidating what 

\ should 1)6 a widely distributed credit, he has 
not until recently received due recog-uilion. 

; [Archer's William n«dley, 3rd ed.; O. D. 

HmUlj's Who toTcnted the Locomotive Eagino? 

GallowBy's The St«am Eagine and ita loTen- 

tii^, pp. 212, 218. 220 : Smilc»'« Lives uf th« 

L Enginwrs, iii. 91, 497. 408. 499. 600.1 

K W. A. J. A. 

^ HEEMSKERK, KGBKUT van flfl45- 
I 1704), painter, born at Hiiarlera in Holland 
in lfi4n, was Hon of a painter of the same 
, name in that town, who painltMl clfiver pic- 
tures in the style of Teniers and Hrouwer, 
Heemskerk studied under Pieterde Grebber, 
and followed the same stvlt! as his father, 
painting drinking scenes, village schools, hu- 
morouf* .Hubj'.'ct't, temptations o? St. Anthony, 
and the like, lie lived most of his life m 
London, where he was patronised by the 
Earl of Uochester. His paintings, though 
often gros* in subject, were cleverly ex^ 
cnted, and were very popular. Many wisre 
engraved, especially in mezzotint, by R. Kar- 
lom, J. Smith, and others, including some of 
Quakers' Meetings,' which are well known, 
e died in London in 1701^ leaving a son 
the same name, who was also a painter, 
t turned out badly, and eventually took 
to the stage at Sadler's Wells Theatre. 

In the print room at the British Museum 
there ore two portraits of Heemi^kerk, en- 
kved in mezzotint, perhaps by himself, and 
blishtMl by I. Oliver, and aUo a jwrtrait of 
ierce Tempest after Heemskerk, eugravwl 
F. Place. He firequcntly introduced his 



^^u 



own portrait into his pictures. Vincent 
Bourno [q. v.] wrote poems on two of his 
pict ures. 

I IinfTortecl's (and Krararo^s^ Levens en Werkan 
der UoUandsohe KuDtrtspliildsni ; Pe Pilre'i* 
[.i%-rs of tho PaiDt«rs (ii'upplenicui} ; Uranffer'a 
Biog. Hi-it. of Engliiiid] L. C. 

HEERE, LUCAS van (1534-1684). 
painter and poet. [See Db Hebrc] 

HEETE, R( )BERT, or Robert op Wood- 
stock (d. 1428), canonist and civilian, pre- 
sumably a nal ivc of Woodstock, Oxfordshire*, 
became BcholarofWinchesterCoHege in 1401, 
and in due course scholar of Now College, 
Oxford, where he jTraduatedM.A. and LL-B. 
He was a pupil of William Barrowe, doctor 
of decretals, and afterwards bishop of Bangor 
and Carlisle. In 1418, when Barrowe was 
chancellor, Heete delivered a lecture on the 
first book of the decretals. He wns chaplain 
of the chantrv of the Holy Trinity in All 
Saints' Churcti, Oxford, the patronage of 
which belonged to his college (Wood, Cify 
of Oxford, ii. HO, Oxf Hist. Soc.), and rec- 
tor of St. Mildred's, Oxford. In 1417 he 
became fellow of the college, and in 14^2 
was admitted fellow of Wiiichcatvr College. 
He died on 28 Feb. 1428 (Rfff. WinckesUr 
CoUeye, ap. Mobbri.v, p. xit). 

Heeto owned Now College MS. 92, and 
was the author of part of its contents, viz. : 
L 'Lecture super primmn librum Decre- 
talium . . . cxtrnctum ex diverftta doctoribus,* 
ff. 9-82. 2. ' Lectura super Decretalium U- 
brumquintum.'fT. 83-09, S. ' Brocardajuris 
canonici, et. civilis secundum R. [Heete?].' 
He may alw hav« wriiten some of the other 
articles, which include several nnonrmous 
orations and somo legal 'atlversaria. The- 
volume hf^urs the inscription ' Lib" K. Heet<> 
precij xiii s. )itjd.,'and a at^tewent that it 
was bequoathed by him for the use of any 
law fellow of the college. Heete was also in 
all probability the author of a short life of 
William of Wykeham preserved in a manu- 
script at Winchester (Joll^e: 'Libellus scu- 
Tractatua dt» prosapia, vit«, el gestis vene- 
rabilis patris et domini, domini Willelmi 
de Wykeham, nuper episcopi Wynlon.' Thie 
volume is dated 14J4 and contains a dedica- 
tion to the fellows of Winchester and New 
Collegea; its author was certainly fellow of 
one or both of those coUegnn. Martin, in his 
*LifeofWyk'jhQm,' ascribes it to ono Robert. 
Hcers or Heresius, but there ia no such name 
in thf ' Collpgc JCegtaters.' Hc«t«'a ' Life of 
Wykeham ' is printed in the Rev. G. IT. Mo- 
berly's ' Life of Wykpham ' (Appendix E, 
pp. 293-308) ; it contains some short pieces 
or cle^c verse. The * Life ' preaerved in 



Hegat 



Hegge 



Hew College BIS. 388, art. 3, under the 
title * Brevis Chronica de ortu, vita, et ee-s- 
tiii nobilibiia rareruiidi doinini Willelroi de 
Wykehem,' is exiractcd from Tleetu's ' Life.' 
ItViw priiitpd by Whtirton in his *.VngUa ' 
Sflora* (ii. A^), where it ia orroDcously as- 
ciibed lo Thomas Cliaundelcr, warden of 
New College, iloctc gave aumfmus dona- 
tionft of plato and books to Winchester < 
College. 

[Timner'a Bibl. Brit -Hib. p. 3M j Wood's ' 
Hist, anil Antiq. of Oxford, v\. GuU'Ii, pp. 171, ! 
197: Kirby'» Winchester Scholars, pp. 4, 28; 
Lovth't Life of Wykoh&m, 8rd «(. 1777, protaco, 
pp xiii-iri ; Molwrly's Ufo of Wykeham, pro- 
£itce. pp. li-xii ; Coxo'b Cat. MSS. in Coll. Aulis- 
qtm OzoD. i. 73-4. IU3.] C. L. K. 

HEQAT, WILLIAM (/. 1600), pro- i 
feasor at Bordeaux, was a native of Glasgow. 
Scveml Hiegaitfl are mentioned in connec- 
tion with Glasgow between lo70 nnd 1590 
(««/. Afuff. Siff. and lift/. P. C. Scotl.) If 
the nAcripiiou to lineal of the ' Potdagogie' i 
is correct, he must have pfone to France be- I 
fore 15t»3 tA a very young man. Dempster, 
who knew him well, says that after teaching 
at Poirierti, Paris, Ltsieu.T, and Dijon, ha 
finally settled ot Bordeaux. On 9 Jnne 1681 
VinetuB wrote tn Gconj^e Buchanan [q. v.] 
that there were then at Bordeaux two Sco- 
tishmen, * one of whom is professor of Phi- 
losophy,' HegDt 13 undoubtedly meant; the 
other was Robert Balfour (15oOP-162&?) 
In. v.], who was later an intimate friend of 
Hwat. The'Gnllia Victrix'and 'Recidivfo 
Athens' ahnw that Hei^iat mode a visit to 
Poitiers in 1598-9. Ilopat was alive as lato 
as 1621. Dempster snys be was living at the 
time he wrote, and describes him as * a man 
skilled in all polite literature and human 
eciences, whose manners were tempered with 
a festive gaiety.* Vinetus more soberly calls 
him * a goiod, honest, learned man, who enjoys 
the favour of his auditor*.' 

Hcgat wrote: I. ' Pii>da^opi?e, liber pri- 
mus, et Qalliarnm Delphini Oeiiethliacon, 
carmine,' Paris, 1563, 4to (Tassee ; Watt, 
Bi6l. Brit.) 2. 'Gallia Victrii,* Poitiers, 
1698, 8vo (a Latin dramatic poem in four 
nets, dedicated to Walter Stuart, lord Blau- 
tyrc, who was a pupil of George Buchanan); 
the Sieur de la \ nlletrye addressed a aonnet 
toHegat on this poem. S.'Kecidivte Athenic. 
Oratio Panegrrica habita Pictnrii in Aula 
Pygarripa.' Poitiers. 1699, 8vo. 4. 'Ludovico 
et Annie clemenitsaimis regihus . . . Capitu- 
latio aive Amnextia. Oratio habita in aula 
majnri Acipiitaniea, snlemnibus studioriim 
auspiciia ix Kal. Nov. 1616,' Bordeaux, 1616, 
8vo. 5. ' CarthusiiB Burdigalunsis Encflsnia. 
£t religiosis Adventoria,' Bordeaux, 1621, 1 



6vo (partly proae and partly verse ; it is a J _ 
dressed to Francis de Sourdis. archbishop oM 
Bourges). 6. A poem prefixed to the poeti- 
cal works of the Sieur de la Valletryc, iWia, 
1602. 7. A poem in twenty-one he 
liDes,beginning*Qloriaqu»utafuiti 
ardua ferri,' prefixed to Balfour's ' Cl^fl 
Bordeaux. 1605. 8. Two poems and an i 
dress to the reader preBxed to Bal 
* Commentary on Axiatotle,' 1618-20. Demp- 
ster in his usual manner ^vea a list ol 
writ'mgs which are otherwise unknown: 
*Poeraata Grseca,' ' Epigrammata Latins, 
'Orationee elot^uentisstmfe,' * Kpitlialamium 
Henrici Quarti et Marite Medicos Francie 
regum,' and adds thai he was eaid to be pre- 
paring a commentary on Auaonius. 

[Dempster's Hist. Ecd. Gratis Scotoram. ] 
687 (Banuutyno Club) ; Tanner's Bibl. Brit 
Bib. p. 388; D. IrviDg's Lirea of 
Writers, i. 237 ; Micbil b Lcs EcoMsis en Fn 
ii. )fl4 6qq. ; Burtoa's Soot Abrood; Brit. Hot. 
Cal.l C.L.K. 

HEGGE, ROBERT (1 599-1629), miscel. 
laneous writer, born at Durham ld 1590, wa 
the sou of Stephen liegge, notuy pub 
that city, by Anne, daughter of T 
Swyft,L'L.D.,pri'bnndaryofDurham(I 
Lt»fetul,Si.c., ed. Taylur, iutroductionV 
7 Nov. 1614 he was admitted scholar 
Corpus Christ! College, Oxford, and gndu- 
nted B.A. on 13 Feb. 1617 and M.A. o« 
17Mnrch ieaO(WoOD,fV/i 0.ro«. ed.Bliw, 
i. a72, 39.S). Wood cnys that ho waa 'ac- 
counted, considering his age, the 
the univcr»iTy for the Mathematical i 
History, and Antiquities, as afterwa 
his excellent knowledge in the Sacred J 
tures.' Tie was elected probationer l 
of his college on 37 D<?c. 1624. but died sud- 
denly on Ii June 1629, and was buried in 
Corpus Christi Chapel. Hegge wrote a 
'Treatise of Dials and Dialling,' preserred 
in the college library, to wkich he also pre- 
sented a manuscript of St. Augustine's ' De 
Civitate Dei' (QoiE, Cat. of Qrford M& 
Corpus Christi Collegej pp. 8, 14). ,\not 
treatise from his pen, entitled * In alinno 
Sacraa Paginio loca lectionea,' waa publishe 
at London in 1647 by his fellow-towns 
JohnHall (162771666) [q. v.], who intimat- 
that if it met with the approval of 8clioUn« 
he had more ready forpreas. A third trcatU9 
bv He^ge, entitled ' Saint Cvthbert : or tb« 
Histones of his Chvrchea at Lindisfomp, 
Cvncacestre. and Dvnholme,' was written in 
1625 and 1626 Richard Baddeley. privatA 
secretary to Morton, bishop of Durfaani, 
printed a }x>or edition of it from a copy ia 
Lord Fairfax's library, and suppressed cha_ 
name of the author; he called it *The Lcgen " 



Heidegger 



367 



Heidegger 



w 



of St. Cvthbert, with the Antiquities of the 
ChurcU of Durham. l)y B. H., Esq..' l'2mo, 
Londoo, \6iSii. A very correct edition wm 
printed in quarto by Georgo Allan at hia 

Sress in I>arlin(rton iu 1777, and another by 
ohn Broujrh Taylor, F.S.A., at Sundorhind 
in 1810. Taylor's edition is printed from a 
manuscript, probably the author's autograph, 
hich belonged to FrevUe Lambton of Hard- 
'ick. I 

[Wood's Atlirnte Oxon. ed. BlisF, ii. 456-^; 
authorities as uboTe.] O. Q. | 

HEIDEGGEB, JOIIX JAMES (1639P- 
1749), manager of the opera, ia aaid to have 
been the son of a clergyman and a native of 
Zurich in Svritzerl&nd. From * A Cntical 
Difloourse on Operas and Musick in England,' 
Mtpended tT» ' A Comparison between the 
French and Italian Mustek and Operas, trans- 
Iftted from the French ' (of Fmtiyois Hague- 
net), 1709, pp. 69-71, it would a|)j>ear that 
Heidegger selected the airs for ' Thomyris, 
Queen of Scirthia/ produced at the theatre in 
Drury Lane in 1707 (see also Motteux's pre- 
face to that opera). HeJd^ger's ready ad- 
dreas and witty conversation goon made him 
a £aTourite in the fashionahle world, end he 
establiahed a reputation &8 a ^reut authority 
on operatic matters. Heidegger apptiars to 
have first undertaken tbe actual duties of 
manager of the opora-houfic inthoHavmarket 
in the beginning of 1713. Francis (Coleman 
records that Swiny, who was still manager, 

froduced * Theseus' on lOond 14 Jon. 1712-- 
7 13, but after two nights broke and ran away 
firom bia liabilities. The singers concluded 
to go on upon their own account, aod Hei- 
de^er managed for them both this and the 
aucceeding opera, ' Emelinda,* produced on 
26 Feb. 1713 (AddiL MS. 112o8). In 1718 
&nd 1 7 19 thf^re was no Italian opera in London, 
but in April 1720 the new Iloyal Academy 
of Music commenced t heir first operatic season 
with the assistance of Heidegger and Handel. 
A few years previously masquerades bad been 
introduced at tbe opera-house in the Hay- 
market (see Pope's letter written in June 
1717; Letf^TM and IVor/a of Lndy M. \V. 
jl/on&zjru, 1861, i. 4118), and under Heidegger's 
astute management they rapidly became the 
rage of the town (see Miat'i Weekly Journal 
for 1/i Feb. 1718). la oonseqaence of many 
ecandaloua scenes an ineffbctoa] attempt was 
made to obtain an act of parliament for their 
auppression. Ultimately a royal proclama- 
tion vuiHuedagainstthem, the effect being 
that tbOT' were called * ridnttos/ or balls, in- 
stead of^^ masquerades. Though Oeorge II 
patronised tbem and appointed Heidegger 
inail«r of the reveUpa Midd1e««x grand jury 




in 1729 pi-eseuted Heidegger 'as the prin- 
cipal promoter of vice and immorality.' 

In 1728 tho Royal Academy of Afustc, 
under whose auspices the opera had been 
carried on at the house in tue Uaymarket 
since 172U, closed their doors, and the thoat.ro 
passed into the hands of Heidegger, whp 
thereupon entered into an operatic partner^ 
ship with Handel, which lasted until June 
1734, when Heidegger gave up the theatre 
to the rival Italian company of Lincoln'ti Inn 
Fields. This joint venture terminated dis- 
astrously, owing to Handel's quarrel with 
Senesino. In 1737 Heidegger once more re- 
sumed tho management ot tho Haymarket 
opera-house, and offered Handel 1,000^. for 
two new operas. Tbe season was not, how- 
ever, successful On 24 May 1738 he adver- 
tised for a new eubscription, but on 26 July 
he announced that ' the opera's for tbe eneu- 
ing season at the Kin^s Theatre in the Hay- 
market cannot be earned on as was intended, 
by reason of the subscription not being full, 
and that I could not agree with the singers, 
tho' I ofTer'd one thou'aand guineas to one of 
tbem.* Heidegger died at his house in Maid 
of Honour Row at Hichmond, Surrey^ on 
5 Sept. I74^,atn veryadvnncedage. Though 
it is statwi in many authorities that Heidegger 
was buried in the churchyanl at Richmond, 
bis name does not appear in the burial re- 

S'gler there. He left a natural daughter (Misa 
appet), who was married, on 2 Sept. 1760. 
to Captain (afterwards Vice-admiral Sir 
Peter) Denis [q. v.] 

The management of tho chief prirato as 
well 08 public entertainments wos entrusted 
to Heidegger. Through these means ho mode 
an income, it is said, of some 6,000/. a year. 
He resided for some years at Bam Elms, in 
the house in which Sir Francis Walsinghani 
received Queen Elizabeth. The greater part 
of it has since been rebuilt, and it is now in 
tbe occupation of the Ranelagh Club. It was 
here that Oeoi^ II invited himself to sup 
with Heidegger one evening. The king was 
vexed on his arrival at finding the house dark. 
Heidegger affected to apologise, and while he 
WAS speaking the house was instantaneously 
lightra np by an ingenious arrangement oL 
lamps fLraoxs, Enrirons of London^ 1792, L 
14). Heidegi^r afterwards removed to a 
house in !h(aid of Honour Row, Hichmond, 
the hall of which wss decorated under bis 
direction by his scene-painters with a Mries 
of views in Italy and Switzerland. Thesa 
paintings wliich were well cxecutod, are still 
in p«rfi'et pn»»ervation. 
I 'Though Heidegger lived luxtiriously he 
' gave a great deal of money away in charity, 
I tbe short notice of his death, wluch appeared 



Heidegger 



Heigham 



inthi' 'General AdvHrtifior' fnrdSept. 1740. 
doetug with the Bsscrtion that *ot' him it 
may be truly said, what one baud reouircd 
from the rich, the other gavo to the poor.' 






{Autodioffr. 1,6), 
jest ol" it himKclf, and wo n a bet that Lord 
(*hesterfield would not prb^ acga more liidfl OiiB 
.^ la BSjBjUfldim. A_ wLlhafl Whfim C W «>r- 
tfpld pTgJttpej'Viw^a formidttble rival ; bu t 
Heid eyger . on takio^TCTJe ad-dre M, yf iA al- 
low ed to navejrop Ttlfl wmir '^yiCHOLa^ 
mifh qflio^arth, ii. 3^2-3) l»ope alludea 
to him in the * -Dtmciad/ book i. (lioe« 280- 
yOO): 

And Iq I b«r bird (a monster of a fowl, 
Sorndthin^ btlwiit a Heideggre and o«I). 

The * Masquarade,' which is said to have been 
firat printed in UJS, probably by Fieldinp, 
WM * inscribed to C — t H — d — jf — ^ t'T Lemuel 
(nilliver, poet-laureate to the Kinp of LUli- 

1ml/ Fielding also introduces him an 'Count 
fgly * in tho * puiipet show called the Plea- 
surcH of (he Town. He was commonly known 
«9 the ' Swiss Count/ bv which name be ib 
alluded to in tho 'Tatler* (No. 18) in * A 
Oitical Discourse on Opera's and Musick in 
Kngland/ and in Hugnes's * Dedication of 
Charon or the Ferryboat,' contained in Dun- 
combers * Letters by sovernl Eminent Per- 
I Bon8deceai*ed,'1773,vol.iii.p.i[sx. His face is 
introduced into more than one of Hogarth's 
prinle. The sketch of ' Heidegger in a Rage* 
jiortrays the master of the revels after tlip 

elaborate pr'-' '-■■'■' w.i,-.. i.-.,i i n played jip on 

him by t ti i^ ari y iu n t. ^^f 

wliicn IB jii ... \'i.rl« o f THp - 

\ ^Brt1irTrr32^6. Tj i.'^Sh- 

/ ingTJf ItPtd&fl^*' bv ^^ I mezzo- 

[ t int engraved by Kaber in 1 l\i) after a por- 
i rait by Van Loo. The engravingpin l^vater' s 
* Ksaaya on Phvsiognomv' (1780, i. 260-1) 
are from a mask taaen from the face of C. 
Heidegger, and not fromthntof John Jum^.s, 
sfi John Ireland slates {Hugarth lUuMratcd, 
3rd edit. vol. i. pp, X3txiii-iv). Heidegger's 
name is attached to the dedications of the 
librettos of tho following Italian operas, 
viz.: 'Almahide' (1710), 'Anliochue'( 1712), 
'Amadia' 0713), ' Arminius' (1714); and 
hisinitiaUtothedcdication of Lucius Varus' 
( 17lo). The share which he had in the corn- 
posit ion nf the librettos was probably very 
htnall. and it ia more than likely that he only 
superintended the EngUah translations of 
them. 

[John KicholR's Works of Hogarth, 1810. i. 
473. ii. 28. 60-1, 283. 308. 310-26; Bnmo^'s 
Oenotal Hist, of Music, 1789. vol. iv. chap. n. ; 



Sir John Hawkins'ic Gi>neral Hist, nf tlisl 
anil Pr^otiov of ^ru«tc. 1863, ii. 812; 
CoiDfjnnioQ to the Plavbouso, 17(i«,ToI.^i.; '. 
din'a UisU of tii6 Stage, vttl. iv.chap.iiv. ; Or 
Dirt. ofMusio, i. 72-1. ii. 612, iii. 184 ; 8^ 
Life of Uandol, ia&7: Thaniaa Wright^ 
turs Hint, of the Georges, 1876. pp. 68-71 
or Priatti and Drawing* in the Brit. Mtu. 197 
Tol. it. ; Autobiography of Mr». Delauy. 1861. j 
6. 138. M5. 887, 594; Lawrence'^ Ufa of Ha 
Fietdinf;, 1855. pp. I&~1«. 2A ; Chalmm's ! 
Diet 1814, zvii. 306-10; Chambers's 
Dh}-h. ii. 313-1;^; Kot«s and Qnari««. 
viii. 608. 6th »tr. iv. 389. 471 ; Gent. '. 
lix. 42a, 1750 XI. 428. 1778 xWiii. '287-1 
288. 372 : Penny London Poet. 6 8vpi. 1744 
London Daily P'oat. 24 May and 3f^ July 1714] 
Brit. Mus. Cat] Q. F. RB. 

HEIGHAM. Sin CLEMENT (rf. 1570^ 
iudgi't of a Suflblk family, $oa of Clemen 
ileigham of Laveuham, by Maiilda. daugh 
ter of l^wrence Cooke, was sd mit ted a men 
bor of Lincoln's Inn 20 July 1517, called I 
the bar there, became autumn reader in \l 
and 1547, and wax a governor of the inn < 
1557 (lilack liftok, iii. 77). In e«rly life I 
j ■waschicfbailitTof the liberty of St. Kdmund 
. under the mona.sterv of St.'Edmund's Bur 
I {.Arundel MS. Brit Mas. L fol. rA). Ku 
name, however, does not appear in the varionft^J 
I lawreports. Hewasallomancatholic,andca 
I Edward Vr»(iL'«lhwa* at once (8 July 1563| 
Rummoned bv Mary to Kenin^faall Castlfl 
>'orfolk, 1o advise her, and during her reigi 
• was a pn^'y councillor, a member of parhs'-' 
mcut for Kye, Ipswich, West Looe. and Laa- 
castcr,and speaker of the House of (?omrooni._ 
On S7 Jan. 1565 ho was knighted by Kin 
Philip (MACiiYy, Diary, p. 31:>). and od 
2 March 1558 he succeeded Sir David Bronk 
08 lord chief baron of the ejtcheourrr. Hi 
n^cetved a ni^w patent on Queen Llizubethli 
acctwiion, but on 22 Jan. 1550 he waa 
placed by Sir Edward Saunders, and relir 
to his seat, Barrfiw Hall, Suff-dk, wher*- h< 
died 9 March 1570, and was buried at Thur 
ning Church, Norfolk. Ho married, first. 
Anne, daughter of John dc Moonines o( 
Seamere Hall, Suffolk, and socondly, Anne 
daughter of Sir Georp? Waldegravc of $ma)^ 
bridge, and widow of Henry Buers of A 
Suffolk, by both of whom he bad issue. 

[Poss's Lives of tho jQdf;rs; Strypv's Bfen.] 
iii. 14, 160. 288, 308, Stuw'a Aonalff, p. 610: 
Purl. Hist. i. 817-25; WottonV Baronetage, ir. 
373 ; Oass'sSuQulk ; CqIIidrV Peerage, Borgon^s 
Ijfoof Gresham. ii. 108; Fuller's Worthisi, ii. 
350.] J. A. H. 

HEIGHAM, JOHN f./7. 1639), catholia 

Srinter, writer, and translator, was probablj 
escended from a younger son of the ancMnfl 



faiiilly of Heiglmm or High&Tn, of Itigham, 
(JlitfHhire, who heltli^d in K7>m*]c. Hf. was u 
man of leurninK, and skilled ia the Latin, 
French, Italian, and Spaiiicli taQf;uagt». lie 
resided, at IJouar and St. Oiner, cliiefly in 
the Ulter city^ where ho appf-aro to have 
been living in lC3it. By his wife, Mary 
Gamett, he huJ a sun .Tolin, who took holy 
orderfi, and left Home for the EnglJah mis- 
sion in 1649. 

IIi«s works are : I. ' A Devout Exposition 
of the Holiu Ma&ie. With an Ample Deeia- 
xmtion of all the Rites and CBremonies U-- 
tooging lo the aanit^/ Doiiay. lUU, 12mo; 
St. Omcr, 1622, Hvo ; and again London, 
1876, 12mOf edited by Aiuttn Joseph Uowley, 
priest , ;?. ' A MiiTour to Confesse well for 
such i>er<on»as doc frequent this Sacrament. 
Abriuged out of Rundric confeitsionaLs by a 
certain devout Religious man,' Uouav, l^ld 
*nd lii'Ji, V2mo. 3. ' A Method of iledita- 
tion/ tronslatttU from the FrtincU of Father 
lffnatiusBahiom,St.Uraer,l6l8,8vi>. 4. 'The 
Faaltfr of Jesus, cuntayninge very dovoute 
and ^odlie petitiona,* Douay, 16ld, I2mo. 
Th iai«a revised edition of KicliardWhytford's 
* Faalter.' It was reprinted, Douay. 16J4, 
0, with 'A Sfirrour to Confosso wtll ' 
thefuurfullowingwork.'i, in all six parts, 
I having ft dieflinct tille-iJiige. 6. • Cer- 
tAine very pioua and godly conaiderations 
' proper to bo exercised whilst the . . . Sacrifice 
of the Masse la celebrated,' Douny, 1024, 
12mo. 0. 'Divers Devout con»«iaeration3 
for the more worthy receaving of the , . . 
aocrament,' Douny, 1C24, 12mo. 7. *Cer- 
t&ine advertisements teaching men how to 
, lead a Chriatian life,' Douay, 1624, 12mo, 
iJftnaUted from the ItoUan of St. Charles 
Borromeo, 8. ' A briufe and profitable exer- 
I tase of the seaven principall etfiuions of the 
. . . . blood of . . . Jetius Christ,' a tranRia- 
' lion from thy French, Douay, 1024, 12mo. 
tl. * Mmlitatione on the Myfit«rie8 of our 
holie Faith, with the Pmclise of Mental 
leaver touching the same/ from the Spanish 
of lue Jesuit father Luis do la Puontu,' St- 
Omer, ItJ19, 4to ; reprinted, in a revised and 
corrected form, London, 1862, 8vo. This 
(nmHtaiion is distinct from that of Father 
Uichard (llhlxins 'q. v.] in 1610. 10. 'The 
True Chriiit ion Cat Ijollque ; or the Manor How 
t<i Live ChrlHtianly,' from the French of the 
(Muit Father PhtIiptH*D(iiiltrenmn,St.Omer, 
1622, l2mo. 11.* VillegBs'aLivosoflheSaint.* 
tnULsUtt-d, whereunto are added the Livejj of 
sundrv other Saints of the Univcn-al Church, 
set forth bv J. lUighani,' St. Omer, UWO, 4to. 
12. 'ViaVeroTuU; orlhe Truly Safe Way. 
. Discovering the Danger, Crookedness, and 
Uncertiintie of M. John Preston and Sir 

VOL. XXV. 



Humfrey Lindea Unsafe Way,' St. Omer, 
liWl and llW9, 8vo. In answer to the puri- 
tan divine Sir Humphrey Lynde's' Via Tuto. 

[Gillow's liibl. Diet of Ea^liBh Catholics; 
Duthillfi*urd Bibl.Dauaiiiienne,2ad edit. p. 197; 
Dodd's Church Hist. ii. 426; Foley's Record*, 
ri. 340. 028 ; Granger's Biog. Hist, of England. 
fith edit. ii. 79] T. C. 

HEIGmNOTON, M USGK AVE (1090- 
1774!-'), nitiaical composer, was son of Am- 
hroae Heighinglonof White Hurworth, Dur- 
Iwm, and of his wife, who was one of the four 
daughters of Sir Kdward Mu^grave, first 
baronet, of HaytonCaatle,Cuuiberiand. From 
the fuels that his wife was an Irish lady, and 
that one of his most important works, 'The 
Enchantress, or Harhitjuin Merlin,* was pro- 
duced in Dublin, it is fiuppOJ!ed that he was 
settled there as a profesaor of music forsome 
time. In 1738 he waa appointed organial at 
Yarmouth, and was admitted a member of 
the Gentlemen's Society at Spalding. He 
was organist at Leicester in 17i^0, and whih* 
there composed the anniversary ode for tho 
Spalding Society. In 1746 it appears from 
the rulesof the Spalding Society tliat he was 
in the habit of giving concerts in the town 
hall there. He was organist before 176L» 
at the Knglish episcopal chapel in Dundee. 
Bishop Pococke, in his *Tour through Scot- 
land' (Scott u»h History Society, 1887), when 
visiting Dundee in 1760, wrote : • They have 
a neat Chapel and Oi^n, ol which Dr, Hey- 
ington, a very eminent Mu.sitian (who took 
his degree in Musick ut Oxford and Cam- 
bridge, and is about 80), is the Organist.' His 
namt.-, however, does not occur in the lists of 
Oxford and Cambridge graduates. Heighinff- 
ton died at Dundee ab*jut 1774. Besides the 
two works already named he published 'Six 
Select Odes of Anaoreon in Greek and Six of 
Horace in Latin, set to Music,' snid to have 
been performed in Fleet Street in. 174fi. He 
is described in tho title as 'sometime of 
Queen's College, Oxford.' Ho also wrote 
several songs, and took an active part in the 
formation of the Dundee Musical Society, 
one of the earliest Scottish societies engaged 
in the study of classical music. 

[Qrore's Dict. of MukIc aud MnsJcinns; 
Nichols's Lit. Anecd. ri. 1], 32, 87 ; Notes and 
Qncrias, 4tb scr. i. 435, 513; locil iofortnaliuD.] 

A. n M. 

HEINS, JOHN THEODORE 0732- 
1771 ). painter and engraver, bom at Norwich 
in 1732, was sod of JuUn Theodore Hcins, a 
German, resident at Norwich, who between 
17d6 and 1756 painted se^'erul portraits of 
eminent people at Norwich and Cambridge, 
and engraved a few portraits 'od virum' lo 

B a 



Ilele 



370 



TIellier 



mezzutiui. includtii e^ona of Dr.Ooocb, rooster 
of Cains College, Cambridge. His will -wo* 
proved 30 Aug, 1756 hv his widow, Alfi^nil. 
lleina I he younger wns apprmtireil by liia 
fnlbtrT to A Htufl' manufai'turer at Norwich, 
l)ut preferred to become a painter. Like bis 
Vallier, be painted several portraits of Nor- 
wich citUen-H in a flat, cold manner. Ho h 
better known as on enprnver and draiifrbts- 
m&n. He etched several small plates of por- 
traits and eosmmes in the manner of T. 
"VVorlidge 'i\. v.], and engraved a few plates 
after J. Collet "q. v.],ono in unzzotint. Abo 
draugbt&mau lie drew the views and raonti- 
ments, eofp-aved for B«niham's ' History of 
Ely Cathedral;' in 1708 he exhibited at 
the Society of Artists an inside view of the 
lautem in the cotbedrnl. lie exhibited a 
portrait with the Free Socictv of Artists in 
1767i and two miniatures wit^ the Incorpo- 
rated Society of Artittt* in ITCtt. A minia- 
ture of the mother of Cowper, the poet, by 
Ueins, which occasioned tht) * Lines on the 
receipt of my Mother's pictuw) out of Nor- 
follc/wa^in the Nuliortal Portrait Exhibi- 
tion at Sonth Kensington in 1868. Heins 
died at Chelsea of a decline in 1771. 

[Dod'I's tnHDiweript Hintory of ErigUsh Kn- 
gp«ivcR(Brit Mo8.Aditit. MS. 133401); Bryan's 
IJict. of pjiinters imd Kniinirer^. ed. Gnives; 
Chftlnncr .Smith's Hriiixb Mcwtoiinto Ponrait* ; 
informatioti from Mr. T. It. ToUack.^ I*. C. 

HELE, Sre JOHN (1505-1606), Bcijeaot- 
8t-law, of a Devonshire family, fourth son of 
NiclioUs Helo of Soutli Hele, Devonshire, 
by liis s^rond wife. Miirgeri', daiif;htcr of 
Kicbard Down of IlolswortlJy in the samn 
county, was bora in loiVi. *IIn U'cume a 
member of the Inner Temple and eventually 
Lent reader, and from 1592 to 1001 be was 
M.R for Kxeter. of which he was recorder 
from 14 July 1092 to the U-pnning of KKW. 
In November 1C04 he became a scijennt- 
at-Itnv, and was appointed ipieen'ti seriennt 
Itj May W'iyJ. At t!ie be^iunine ot the 
next rei(m his patent was renewed, and he 
was kni^ibtcd. So biprh did be stand in 
bis profession that in l<iO0orU>01 be was 
thought not unlikelv to bo the next muter 
of the rolls. Attaclts ■wpre, however, made, 
and probably not without reason, upon bis 
fhoracter. lie was oUeg^ed to be drunken, 
insolent, and overbeftrinp. A wtition wa< 
presented I0 thy council by Gitrter kinjr- 
nt-urms flcciisinjr him of violent conduct to 
bira in public, nnd Hele's answer prnrtif^nlly 
admits tliB charire (pee Cal. State PnperPy 
Dom. ICOl ; Jeaffheson. Lawyers, ii. 95; 
£gcTton Papers, pp. 1S6, SOOV J^evertbelese 
in 1GQ2 be went circuit with Mr. .Ttistieo 



Gowdy in Siia*'X, Surrvry, Kent, Essex, and 
llertfonishire, * wher^,* writes Chomberkiu. 
to Carleion, :» Oct. 1002. ' he mode binaH 
both odious and ridicnlou?/ and again ' 
circuit in the following year, la Novd 
1603 Hole was employed ae liiug^s 1 
at tbetriol of Sir Walter Raleigb. On« 
160S he obtfiined a dispensation on tbe won 
of his age from attendance nnd service ; 
serjeont. For thirty years bc> bad been oju 
tice of the peace. He amassed large RDma,ai 
tbouf!hhytheattainderof the Earl of Essex t 
last 4,0U0/.; he was able to buy an estate 1 
Wenibiiry, near Plymouth, to build a mna 
sion-houfie there ot a cost of iK),0(XV.,oiidl 
found a boys' bof^pital in Plymouth. He 1 
had bouse at Kew, and owned the maaa 
of Shirford, in the Kniirbton hundred of Wsf- 
wickshire, Hele died on 4 June 1008, aad 
was buried in Wemburr Church. Ui* wiD~ 
was proved in the Prerogutive Court of Ca 
terbury 1 Oct. IBOB. 

Helo married Mary.danehterof EUisWa 
wick of Bal*borow, by whom he eeem«_ 
have bad eight gon.Hand two d&tiffklerf. 
eldest .qon, Sir Warwick, was shenffofDevo 
sbire iu 1618 and 161P, and another wa 
• clapped up ot Home with other En^rliAhme 
in the inquisition 'in 1GOO( Cal. State Papfr 
Dom. IfiOft"). The statement that Ilele baJl 
second wife, Margaret, Ja not well enpporte 

[Woolry.'h's Kminent Sorjt'ant*; an, I7 Ml 
Wmaluw Jocps in the Western Antiquarr. x.\ 
(reprinted Rcpanitely); Princ's WorthiM 
Devoa,p.484; OliTcr'sEacttfr, p.236; Dnfi 
Chron. S«r. ; Wettcote'd DeTou^hire, p. 634-1 

J. A. H. 

HELE nr HELL, THOMAS B'(1740! 
1780), French dramatist. [See Hales.} 

HELUEK, HENHY (16fl2?-1697), . 

vine, bom at Chew-Dnndry, Somcweishir 
about 1(^12, wns the son of Henry Uellie 
He become ticholnr of CorjKis Christ i C'olleg 
OxfonI, in Aj»ril Hi77, and ymduated B.J 
HJ80, M.A. lOS:;. RD. IGOO.and D.D. 109? 
He wns ordained deacon nt Chriiit Cbiu 
on 25 Mav 1084, and elected fellow of bil 
college in 1087. On 4 Dec. 1087 bepreochfl 
berore the university a sermon 'Concemin 
the Obligation of Oaths* (printed at Oxfo: 
1088), -which was thought to reflect 
James It for breakinsr bis oath at the cor 
nation. Hellier die<l by his own hand 
Pecembcr 1097, beinjr at the time Tice-pr 
sident of Corpus (Hears^e, yofes and 
lectiorut, Oxford Hist, Soc, i. .ill). HewJ 
author of 'A Treatise concerning Scb 
and Scbismaticks; wherein the chiefjcround 
and principles of a late Separation Iram \l 



Church of KugUnd are considered and un- 
•wered,' -Ito, London, 1C97. 

[Wood* Allien* OiOD. ed. Bliss, iv. 620-1 ; 
TTorti referred m ] 0. 0. 

HKT.TiTWS, JOHN {d. 1827), mathema- 
tician and astronomer, was son of a labourer 
at Aahreyney, near Chumlei^h, Devonshire, 
nnd after being bound &» n parish apprentice 
to a cooper at ChumleigU, wurkea at tliat 
trad.^ till he wos alwut twenty years of age. 
Having meanwhile taught hlinselfclementarv 
mathematics, he became master of a emafl 
school at Bishop's Tawton, and made the 
acquaintance of Malochv HJtchJns [q. vOi 
vicar of St. llUarv and Gwiuear, Cornwall, 
through whowinflueace (Polwhele, History 
u/C<irnica//,\-. 107) he was appointed an asyiis- 
tiint in the Hoyal Obscrvntorynt Gret'nwicli 
iiijihT Dr. Mii-shi'lvnn. Whlli? so employod 
Heltins Ktndied Latin and Grfck and quali- 
li.^d himjielf for holy orders. He waa curate 
of Conatantine in Cornwall (1779-83) and 
afterwardaofOreens Norton, near Towcester, 
and in 1790 was preaented to the vicarage 
of Potterspnry in Xorthamptonahire. Ad- 
mitted fellow of the Royal Society in 1796, 
he (uraiued the Copley rnedal in 1793 by his 
* improved aolution of a problem in physical 
astronomy, by which swift ly converging series 
are obtained which are ustjful in computing 
the perturbations ofthe motions of the Earth, 
Mars.and \>nus by their mutual attractions.' , 
Other important papers by Hellina, which 
appearn] in tbe ' Philosophical Transactions,' 
■were* Two Theorems for computing Loga- 
rithms,' 1760; 'New Method of finHing the 
Equal Roots of an EquRtion by Division,' 
1762 ; * Dr. Hidlr>y'a )f etiiod of comput ing the 
Quadrature of the Circle improved,' I79i; 
' Of Kectification,' 4c., 1802. 

In 1787 Hellins revised Fennin^a* Young 
Atgi^braist's Companion,* and in 17BS issued 
'Muthematicol Essays containing new Im- 
provt-meDt* and Diacovfrie*,* Loudon, 4to; 
and iu 1791 wrotet woof the tracts in Maseres' 
'ScriptoresLonrarithmici.' From 1795 to 1814 
he wrote a series of mathemntica.1 articles in 
the ' British Critic,' e.g. on "Walk's 'Method 
of finding the Longitude,' vi. 413; AgnetiV 
'Analytical In^t it ul ions,' xxiii. 143,xxiv.0r)3, 
3CXV. 141 ; Keith's 'Trigonometry- ,*xxxi. 489; 
Bailv's ' Doctrine of Interest and Annuitie-s,* 
xxxviii. 022, lUii, 502. In 1800 Ifellina 

KaduotedU.D. at Trinity College, Cambridge. 
1806, when Windham, theministerof war, 
was projecting his new military system, Ht^l- 
lins furnished all the calculiitions and tables 
OB which it was based. Hellina died in March 
1827, and was buried 9 April. On 10 Nov. 
1794 he married Mies AnneBroch of North 




Tawton, Devonshire, and by her he left one 
ran. 

TNicholB's Lit. Illustr. vi. 40-3, vii. 620-7,069 ; 
PoWhflf's fli-t. of CornWMlI, vt, supra; Boaito 
and Com-tney* Bibl, Cornub. i. 227-] R. E. A. 

HELLOWES, EDWARD (jt. 1574^ 
1600), traii*ilator, may have belonged to the 
family of Ilallowes of Pethich and after- 
wards of Glapwell, Derbyshire (cf. Ao^« and 
Qjterien, 7th ser. ii. 485)^ He dedicated his 
earliest translation to Sir Henry Lee, master 
of the leash in Queen Elizabeth's household, 
who may perhaps be identical withSir Henry 
Leigh of Lgginton, high sheriff" of Derbyshire 
in 1612. llellowescertainly served as groom 
of the Icasb under yir Henry Lee or Leigh 
as early aa lf)74 (spe title-page of No. 1 be- 
low), llesigning that olfice in January 1597, 
he became groom of the chamber in the royat 
household, and on27 Jan. 1609- U!00 reoeiveil 
a pension of I2t>. a day for life {CaK Stat^ 
Papers, Dom. 1505-7 p. 353, 1598-1(X)1 p. 
387). He iranslated three works from tlie 
Spanish of Guevara, and all were puhliaheU 
in London by Ralph Newberrie. Their titliw 
run: I. * Familiar Epistle.? of Sir Anthonie 
ofGueuarH,'lo74, 1577. and 1584; dedicated 
to Sir Henry Lee. 2. ' A Chronicle contern- 
ing the liues of tenne Emperourea of Home,' 
1677; dedicated to Queen Elizabeth. 3. *A 
Booke of the Inuejition of the Arte of Navi- 

S.tion,' 1578; dedicated to Lord Charles 
oward of Ellingham. 
[Autbarities cited; Eel Unrcfl's works.] 

8.Ll. 
HELME8, THOMvVS (d. 1616), catholic 
priest. [See Ti'X8T.ii>, Tuuu&s.j 

HELMORE, THOMAS (18n-]&90), 
writer on music and composer, bom at Kid- 
derminster on 7 May 18U, son of a dissent* 
ing minister, was educated at Magdalen Hall, 
Oxford (RA. 1840, M.A. 1845). He sened 
for two years as curate in the parish of St. 
Michael, Lichfield, and in 1 840 was appointed 
to a pripst-vicar's stall in Lichfield Cathedral. 
In 1842 hp became vire-principal, and in 1846 
precentor of St. Mark** College, Chelepa. In 
the latter year he succeeded Wilham llawes 
as master of the choristers of the Chapel 
Royal, St. James's, of which in 1847 he was 
admitted one of the priests-in-ordinary. He 
was presented by the crown in 1872 to the 
rectorr of Beverstonc, Gloucestershire, but 
he resigned it immediately after his appoint- 
ment. In 1877 he received a retirinjc pension 
from the National Society, after thirty-live 
rears' ser\'ice as clerical precentor of St. 
if ark's College, Chelsea. He died at his resi- 
dence in St. Qeoive's Square, London, on 
G JoIt 1890. 

KB 2 



Helps 



372 



Helps 



He waa author, editor, or compowr of the 
fullowin^f works : 1. ' The Psalter Noted,' 
London [1*49], Bvo. L>. 'The Canliclea 
Noted.' 8. ' A Mununl of Plain 3onjt,' Lon- 
don, 1850, 8vo. 4. 'CaroU for Christmas- 
tide, ... set to tncient mclodlex/ Londou 
[1853], fol. 6. • Carols for EastoMide, aet to 
ancient melodiee,' London [1 8551, fol. 6. ' A 
Treatise on Choir and ChonisSinging'ri85oJ, 
8vo J translat^fd from the French of F. J. 
Vili». 7. 'St. Mark's Chnnt Book: beine 
the Chants UAed in tho Collegiate Chapel 
of St. Mark's, Chelw-tt,' London, 1863, 8vo. 
8. Two papier;) on * Church Mu.sic/ read at 
the Church Congress, one at Wolverhamp- 
ton in 1807, and the other at Swansea 
in 1879. 9. ' A Catechism of Music . . . 
bnised ... on Dr. Hitlliiti's Kducational 
Works,' London, 1 fl"t*, Kvo. 10. ' Plain Song,' 
London, 1878, Hvo, being one of Novello, 
Kwer, & Co.'8 'Music PrimerH.* 11. 'A 
fuller Directory of the Plain Song of the 
Uoly Communion Sernce,' London, 1881, 
Bvo. 1:?. *Tho HymnAl Noted,' piihliahed 
under the sanction of the Kcclesiolngical 
Society. 13. The music to three of Dr. John 
MwotiNeale's translations of* Hvmnsof the 
Eastern Church,' viz. ' Peace, it \s I,' 'The 
Day is Punt and Over,' and ' Tis the Day of 
Resurrection.' 

[Men of the Time. lUh edit.; Crockford's 
ClerioAl Directory, 1890; Times. 9 July IBM. 
I. /> : Grure's Di.-L. of Slonic] T. C. 

HELPS, Siu ARTHUR 0813-1875). 
clerk of the pri\'y council, eldest son of 
Thomas Ilelm of Balham Hill, Surrey, br \m 
wife Annie Plucknett.wos bom at Streatnam, 
Surrey,onlO July 1813, and entered at Eton 
in 1829. He proceeded to Trinity College, 
Cambridge, where ho graduated B. A. in 1835 
and M.A. in I8.SU. The degree of D.C.L. was 
cnnferrwl on him at Oxford on 8 June 18ft4. 
His first official occupation was as prirnte 
secretary to Mr. Spring Rice (iifterwards 
IjordMonteagle),chancellorof ihepxcbequer 
in Lord Melbourne's cabinet; but in 18^19 
hn transferred his 8orvice.8 to Lord Morpeth 
(afterwards Earl of Carlisle), chief secretary 
for Ireland. Soon after he received the ap- 

Kilntment of a commlsffioner of Frencu, 
anifth, and Spanish claims. On 9 June 
1800, on the retirement of the Hon. \V. L. 
Rathurst, Helps was nsmed clerk of the pri\'y 
ciiuncil. a poitt which ho held to his death. 
Shri-'wd, singularly cli-ar-headed, highly cul- 
livated, he made it his business to master as | 
matterof personal interest many of the ques- 1 
tions that came under the cogniaance of the 
privy ctnincil. Thrown by his office into 

{(ersonal inlercourae wilh tho queen, she soon 
eaml to appreciate hi.s high qualities, and 



[ found in him a staunch, thoughtful, 

I capable ad%'iser. The queen entnuted him^ 

j with thp revision of Prince AJbert'sspeechet, 

which were published in 1802, and with t^_ 

preparatiun for the press of her ' Leave* (nm 

the Journal of our Life in the Highlands' ^ 

1868, and of her ' Mountain, Loch, and Ole 

1869. On 30 June 1871 he waa created 1 
O.B. civU divivian, and a K.C.B. IB Ju 
1872. He caught cold att^'nding a lervf 
and died fmm a severe attac-lt of pleurisy 1 
13 Lower Berkeley Stroft, London, 7 Mn 
1875. llf was buried inStreatham cpm«iter 
on 12 March- His wife waa Bisael, daufihT« 
of Captain lulward Fuller. On 4 May l« _ 
a civil list pen.aion of iiOU/. a year was grantr4 J 
to her in consideration of her husband's* 
public services. 

Uelps's litorarv career commenced at an^ 
early age with t^c publication in l^ffVi c 
'Thought.** in the Cloister and the Crowd 
Hfi afterwards attempted history, fiction 
drama, hut his social essays alone achieve 
any lasting populanly. Mr. Ruskia called' 
attention to his ' beautiful quiet English,* and 
tbii sincerity and practical purpose of 
thinking (Modern Paintfr^^ l^T**), iii. 2(W an4 
App.) But his views are for the most 
commonplace and are often expreueil 
tedious length. In 1S47 the first series 1 
'Friends in Council' appeared (3rd ftpr.]853)J 
Another series was issued in 1859. Boll 
Maries coiutist of dialogues on social and int 
lectual subjects, written with earnestness bul 
lacking originality. In history he devot' 
himself to the study of the discoTery 
America and the early Spanish conquests, an 
published the 'Conquerors ofthe New World"! 
m 1848, and the ' Spanish Conquest in Ama«1 
rica,' in four volumes, 1856-61. Althou^i 
at first |K)pular, these works did not maintam 
their position, and Helps reissued portions 
of tliem as distinct biographies : * Life of Lu 
Casas, the Apostle of the Indians,' 18(38 ; of 
Columbus, 1869; of Pixarro, 1869: and of 
Hernando Cortes, 1871. These biographiea 
were more successful than the original his- 
tory. Among his dramas and romanr>es werst 
'Catherine Douglas' and ' H«nry 11/ tragoJ 
dies, printed in 1W3, and 'Oulita the Serf/^ 
a tragedy, in 1858. In his novel ' Realmah/I 
1809, he introduced under transparent dis- 
guises sevur&l prominent statesmen and set 
them to discuss popnlar^uestions of the day.J 
'Ivun de Biron, a Russian story, 1874:, hss| 
some literary merit. 

In addition to the works mentioned. Hf Ip 
was author or editor of: L ' F^savs writt* 
intheliitervaUof Business,' 18-11. 2. 'Tbol 
Claims of Labour,' an essay, 1844 ; Sod edit.i 
1845. 3. ' Companions of my Solitude,' I80LJ 



4. * A Let ter on '• Uncle Tom's Cnbin," ' 1853. 

5. * Casimir Maremma/ 1870 ; another edit. 
1873. 6. 'Brevia; Short Essays and Apho- 
risin8,*187l. 7. 'ConversationBonWar,'I87I. 
8. 'Work and Wares, by T. Braosey the 
younger/ 1872. 9. ' Life and Laboura of Mr. 
Braa8eT,'1872; 7thHdit. 1888. 10. ' ThouRhu 
upon Ooverumcnl,' 1872. 11. ' Some Talk 
about AnimaU and their Masters/ 1878; 
new edit. 1883. 12. 'Social Pressure/ 1875. 

[TtmM, B Mtrch 187ft. p. 9. 9 March p. 10, and 
10 Marb p. 6 ; Luuci't, 13 Marvh 1875. p. 383 ; 
I AoDUiil Register, 187-). pi>- 74, 136; lllustnitcd 
I London News, U March I87>'i. p. 2dS; Grupbic, 
^—■S Hay 1876, pp. 436, 4uO, witli portrait.] 
H G. C. B. 

" HELSHAM, RTCHAUD, M.D. (1682?- 
1738), friend of Swift, was born probably in 
1662 at Legcatsrath, co. Kilkenny. He wa.^ 
educated at Kilkenny College, entered Trinitv 
College, Dublin. 18 July 16'J7, obtained a 
acholarahi]! In 1700, f^diiated B.A. in 1702, 

I waa elected fellow in 1704, and wbk eo-fipted 
a senior fellow in 1714. He vran lecturer in 
mathematics 172<'3-30, and was the tir^t to 
hold the professoribip of natural philosophy 

^ on'tbc foundnt ion of Lrasmus Smith, 1724-;i^. 
Helaham was also reijius professor of physic 
in the univprsity ot Dublin, 173i}-8. "lie 
practised with high repute a.t a physician. 
Swift mentions him, in u letter to Alderman 
Borbur, a« ' the nio^'t eminent physician in 
this city and kingdom/ and in another letter 
aa * his friend IV. Hflsbara/ He formed 
line of that brillluiit lik-rery rolerie resident 
in Dublin at the pejiod. He died on 25 Aug-. 

1738, and was iutcrre*! in the churchyard of 
St. MaryV, Dublin. Jlis will, a holograph, 
with one codicil, solemnly charges his cxecu- i 
tors that * before his colhn uhoiild be nailed i 
up hifl bead wa« lo Iw severed from his body.' 
Helaham'fl 'Lectures on Natural Philndophy,' 
edited by Bryan Robineon, were published in 

1739, and a CQCOod edition appeared in 1713. 

(MatricnlatiooBook.Trin. Coll. Dublin; Dub- 
lin Coll. Cal. ; ywiftMTorka; Pue'ii Occurrencm. 
2G Aof. 1736, Dublin; nnginul will ju Public 
Kacnrd Office, Dutlio; Cat. Libr., Trin. Coll., 
Dublin.] W. R-l. 

HELWyS, SiRGi:KVASEf 1661-1016), 
lieutenant of tliR Towt-r of London, baptised 
at Aakham, Nottinghumfil)ir*\ I S'-pt. 15451, 
wa«sonofJohuHelwy»(rf. ir>&l)of Worlaby, 
Lincolnshire, by Wary, daughter of ITiomas 
I Blagden of Thames Ditron. Iliagrandfnther 
waa William Hflwy<( of Askham (V. 1657). 
Ill* uncle (JooHKy (K'iJI-lHUij.amerxjhnnt 
tailor of London, wa.i .-hHrti'd nldennan of 
Farringdon Within, 14 iVc. DJU6 (amoving 
Walbrook Jan. 1610), was sheriff of 



London in 1610, and had u auu Uorvann 
(1581-1653) who was knighted 26 April 
1629 and was relieved of serving an alder- 
man of Cordwoiner in 1629 on paving 500/. 
(Overall, ^ewe/nAmnciff, p. 82). Tbefamily 
name was 8peU in an endless number of wav-s 
(KlweA, EIwaie8,HelwLsse,Yelwa8,&c.); the 
preaent representatives have adopted £lwe«. 
The lieutenant signed his name no ' Helwyefla* 
or 'Helwysso'CAMOH, ffrwf th/t-r, 172.175). 
According to D'Ewes's 'liiary' (j. 79), 
Hel wy 8 waa a fellow-common* -r of St . John a 
College, Cambridge. The university register 
gives the date of his matriculation as Juno 
1673, calls him * Jervasius Elwasae/ and de- 
scribes him ae a pensioner. He took no 
decree, and Bludied law at Lincoln's Inn. 
While travelling in France, he Iwcame the 
'iriend and acquaintance' of John Cham- 
, Ixiriftin [o. v.l, the letter-writer, ile waa 
knighted by James I at Theobalds on 7 May 
10O3. His father warned him against the 
temptations of a life at court, and it waa 
not until 1612, when he was middle-aged, 
that he ventured tliere. He seems to have 
Ijecn w«U known to members of the Howard 
familv.fupecially tothe Earl of Northampton 
[see liowAKD, Henev] and U) Northampton's 
nephew, the Earl of Suffolk [see Howa-RD, 
TiioK.\s, d. 1620]. 
i On 21 April 1613 Sir Thomas Overbury 
wa-'*cummilt','d to the Tower. Northampton 
and Robert Car, viscount Rochester, were 
obviou»ily resolved that Overbury, who was 
regarded as an obstacle to Rocheater'a mar- 
riage with Lady Frances, Suffolk^s daughter 
and Northampton'fl great-nieco, should not 
leave the Tower alive. They feared that the 
lieutenant of the Tower, Sir William Waad, 
might obairuct their plans. Northampton, 
therefore, contrived hia dismissal and thn 
appointment of Helwys in his place. Hel- 
wva was anxious to Ecrve the stato and the 
Ilowanls, and nmdily paid 1.400/. for his 
promotion. On 6 May 1613 he was inKlaUed 
in the Tower. He waa ' somewhat an un- 
known man/ writett Chanihertain. but waa 
noted for the gravity of his demeanour. 
Northampton obviouslv made it plain to him 
that the intertst.^ of tKe Howard family re- 
quired Overbury to bo kept under strict sur- 
veillance, and that he was expected to d&- 
livur to lii» prisoner certain letters which 
members of that family would wriie to bira. 
But there is nopvidi*neB tliat Helwyi^under- 
sluod ut the time the character of the plot 
in which hifi otiice waa to involve him. 

The day after his a£6umption of office he 
agreed, at the tfun;eatiou of Sir Tbomos Mon- 
son, master of tuo armoury in the Tower, to 
admit into the Tower as Overbury'aitteiidant 



ployad t^ OvfrtefT** ewniet lo iiTwmitfw 
■linr POiiOH lo him. Helwri mam aoei- 

J tiiun j<ti < e u r»r wl Wa<tqawrth>t«»p»c»oM 
gUM ia hu tu&d ; iMmed (bat iu oooteaiU 
wefv pouoooos; flung tbeia avsj, and hoU^ 
rvbulwd WmCoo. Uimfyuig bin ' with God ■ 
judfueiiU.' U4 directed ilus aoni) but ui 
■ymlwuif/ who had bato W Bt kwwI y in «- 
taodaaea oa Owtfimrr ihaiila wpply hmiritb 
draga. MeanwbibtHeliryswu eorra ap ood- 
iaig with Lady Fnncon and her relanrea. 
The lady Kot Uim taiK and jaILms to be 
^pTcn to OTcrbury, and in oa« cxmraonica^ 
tion iraroed Htrlwy* that the food oontaiaed 
' )etl«n.' Uelwya aftenrards arowed that 
by * lett«TB ' be and tb« counteae undentood 
'potaon;' but he ampl^ticallraAsertedyWitb 
eraryappearaiiceoftruthfthatnoneoftheaas- 
peeted ouhiMi over reacbtNl Ovcrburv'c table 
(cf. Oi-BDIBBR, Jfist. ti. l»3n.) Majcme, a 
physician above auspicion, was, it abould be 
romenjbenjd, Ov^rburyV chief medical ad- 
Tiaer. We«U)n,howeVi»r, apparently without 
Ileniy'a knowledge, arranged with a dis- 
reputabla apothecary namc^ Jamcn Frank- 
lin to aupply tbe patient with medicine, and 
OrerburTf whoae lunith had long been very 
bad, gradually lank. Uadied at seren o'clock 
on tlu) morning of Wed ncaday, I38ept. 1013. 
Ilelwya at onco aent the news to Nortbamp- 
ton^ who at first sugf^Mod that the body 
Bbould be delivered to Overburr's friends, but 
ita decaying condition led Helwys, boforo re- 
ceiving any reply from Northampton, to bold 
nn inquest, with a jury of prisoners and 
warden in the Tower. A venJict of death 
from natural uauiHiia was returned, and the 
corpse was buried in the Tower precincts at 
three or four o'clock in the afternoon of the 
day of death (cf. Akos, pp. 171 sq. ; Wiif- 
woor, Mfimorinlf. iii. 4J?l~2). At the time 
Orerbury's death excited little public notice. 

Early in 1615 Helwyd coiulucted the 
cruel torture of Edmund* Pettcham [qv.] by 
meane of m&nacle«, and he waa infrequent 
controversy with the corporation of London 
reapecting their rights over the Tower pro- 
cincta and i^uvirniis (^It^tmembranria, p. a2). 
In Julv 1GI5 * there were wlusporings that 
Sir Xliomas Overbury's deaca would be 
called in question.' A boy formerly in the 
etanlc^rmont of the apothecary Frnnklin was 
sttiu to have conf».'ftsed, while sick, at Flash- 
ing, that a clyater had been wilfully ap- 
plied to Ovcrburv with fii.rn.1 effect. 

A month later&ocrfltar}' Win wood and Hel- 
wys wnre both guests at t)ie Earl of Shrews- 
bury's dinnor-table. Win wood, who bad 
learned the boy's story and taken it seriously, 
daoUned an introduction to Helwys on the 



mnmi ttet k 

HeiwTa fcevd tfcc ivMvtt ■■' p a*»««aij ta- 
Samed Viawood iImc Am <iirl waa ceb- 
aieioaa,batt^tbahMwEk^akna«. B5 
dizectuao^tJbekiac.id wkoa WtBweodtl 
oatee carried tha luasma a na ot, Hatwya Atw 
np a tfattfsaeat, datal USi^ lAlS, ia whsck 
be n^mit^w^ hia aariy mfaaona of Waon, 
but inaiatad tkaS Im kad AaiHdadhiH,« 
ha bdiend iflwiiiaTlj. froai f ■■iiiit hi 
evil deaiga, sad lAat he ksev aodaw al 
any other wcau e aayh ya iL Oa I Ud 
Weatoo, aaoer czaauaatm bj-Cahb kU 
bow eauMiriea firaa the Ead ad OoMtai 
of Somecaet had aooght to oacrB|M hia, 
and Helwra, together with all the p e n aai 
implicateiC waa arrested. Uia vlaoa al xht 
Tower was taken by SirGeargalfaBi. BtJ* 
wys waa frequently eiamipea, hvti 
directly incriminate himaetf. HJa 1 
however, was suhsequently oaed 1 _ 
Fjirl and Countess of Somerael, and Xocti^ 
ampton, who bad died 15 Jane 1614, wa 
aenotuly oompromiaed br hia teatimon v. 
hia trial before Coke and a jnry on lo N« 
1016, Helwys protested with dignity 1 
Coke's harsh usage of him, and : 
nftserted bis ignorance of the plot _^ 
Overbury'fl life. But Coke prodaoad ) 
fefi&ion which he had received that 1 
&om cho apothecary Franklin. Franklin te 
tified that ho had ^een a letter from Helwtl 
to the Countess of Somerset, ia which il^ 
wys wrote of Overbury : * This acab ia 1 
fox, who the more he ia cursed the I 
faroth.' At these words Helwya la ( 
have changed colour; the jury returned 
verdict of guilty, and he waa condemned 1 
death (cf. Court and Times qf James I, I 
377 sq.) The iucriminating letter was no 
produced nor legally proved, and ihen- wi 
no evidence that Uelwys waa more iha 
technically an accessory before the ftic-X 
When his suspicions were arouaed be aeciiii 
as fur as his weak will permitted, to bar 
taken steps for the safoty of hu> prisoner, ba 
waa outwitted by his desperate aaaoctat 
Tbe trial was conducted with inhuman ind 
ference to the rights of anaccuBcd peraon. 
20 Nov. Helwvft wos hanged on Tower Hilj 
instead of at I'ybum bv his special request 
Dr. Whiting and l>r. Helton attended hia 
to the acaffold. He heaped reproocbea 1 
himaelf, confesaed t he iustice of hia aentam . 
and recited a prayer of bis own compoeitioa 
Bui ho refrained from confeaaiog any 1' 
hand in the murder. 'The effect ... of 
»porcb ' and a ballad on hia execution wen 
entered on the 'Stationers' Aegiater?,' IP J 
ItllK (ed. Arber, iii. fiSO). B. Nicoola, in fai^ 



'Overbury'flVi8wu'(16HJ), described Helwj's 
aa of Boluina demeanour and comclj pordon. 

n«lwj8marriRJMary,daught«!r otThomM 
Brooke of Norfolk, by whom lio had a fumily. 
Tlieking granted HelVya'sestJite, worth above 
1,000/. a year, to WilJiom llerb«rr, earl of 
Pembroke, who gunerously b'ftoweil it on 
the widow and her cluldrou (Howell, Lei' 
Urs,l ilarch IGitt). 

[Amtw'i Great Oror of Foisoniog (1846); 
Oudinor'K Hiar. ofEoKlaod; UuueU'ii Staie 
Trials, ii. DSA-HS : Sir Simood^ d'Ewob's Dior}*. 
ed. Ilaliiwoll, with the appended tSrcrot Ilibtury 
of Jiunus I; Brit. Mus. i\A. lUrU 'JW2, cuii- 
taiuing lottARi by Ilelwys mid t»therti cliargtHl 
wiLhOvorbury'tnaurdttr; Wilton's Truth br-iugbt 
to Light b; Time, or the Hist, of thp I'irtit 
' Fourteen Yearn of Jamos I; Weldon's Court of 
James I ; Cal. State Papers, Dom, 161 •>; Urer- 
bary'a Works, ed.Ririibault; NiciiolK'&Progros&os 
of Jamea I. Kur tho hibtorr of the fnmlly aoo 
MiacoUanea Getimlogim ct ilemldica, i. 66-77. 
8L-d ; Coffiatu's llertfunUhi.-v. Huodreil of &i- 
wiiutieo, (ip- 110-11 (pedigree).] £>. L. L. 

HELWY3, TnOM.VS (I5r)0?-lfilfi?). 
puritan divuio, Wrts prnbably ono of tho sons 
of William Helwyaoi Askbani, Xottin^hnm- 
ahiro, by llosamund, daughter of — Liveaey 
of Livraey in Lancashire, and thus uncle of 
Sir Gervase Ht^hvys [q. v.] Ho wems to 
have been born aboul loOO. He w^a a mem- 
ber of tho tiruwni^t church at .iVout^rdam, 
founded aboul lUOO by John Smyth, with 
whom be is believed to have worked in 
England before they emigrated together (J. 
RoBUiSoy, Of Commwuo7i), and bv whom he 
waa baptiaed. Smyth muntiuua Helwya in 
hia ' Lut i^kt*. &c.,' and &aja that he re* 
ceiTod kindness from him when &ick at Bash- ' 
forth in Nottinghamshire. He f>upported . 
Smj-th In the controversy about infutit bap- 1 
tism in (he Anuienlani congregation, and 
waa excommunicated at the same timu in , 
1600. Upon Smyth's death in ItilO Helwys 
-vnachosenpastorofhi^ newly formed churcli. 
He waa opposed by the Brownif>t4 for main- 
tatning the inndmus^ibility of infotit Ivntism 
and the unscripiuml nature of free will. In 
101 1 he published u declaration of tlie faith 
bold by himd'Hl' and followcra. He became 
convinced that tho l-'iigli.^h Rcctaries in Hol- 
land had not been |u.stitied in emigrating to 
avoid perseoutton, and returned to England 
in lOll, accompanied by a groat part of his 
eoiign>gaiion (iviMEr, Jlinf. of the Bajttist«, 
it ^)5 ; EvAXS. I^r/i; Engliih iSnpfutt, i. 
2S4), or 161 1 (Prick, Ifut, of Prote4tant 
Koncfmformishy \. 619). He formed achurch 
at Pinners' Hall, London, which is usually 
considered (be first general baptist coiigr©- 
^tinu established in England, and was ex- 



tremely successful aa a preacher, attrnctiug 
large conin^gations, and making many pro- 
selytes. His rotuni haWng been neverely 
attacked as ' natural courage ' and ^ valngloryV 
ilolwys wrote a 'Short Declaration* to prove 
the legitimacy of his action. In 1615 his 
church put forth a treatise against pereecu- 
lion, of which he was tho author. His ac- 
rnunt of their belief exjioswl mony of tho 
members to persecution. H<*!wy8 died about 
1616, but no account of his death remains 
(Tayloe, Hint, o/ the Enfjtifh Baptuts, i. 9A). 
Oeolircy Helwya, who wo* apjMirontly his 
brother, apeaks of him as dcaa in hia will, 
dated in that year. It is, very improbably, 
&aid on tlie otl^er luuid that in 1&22, when 
nonconformists were under persecution. Uel- 
wys was employed by a convert to write or 
correct a defence of his having left the «»- 
tabliahed religion and joined the baptists; 
(ho letter was signed 'H. H.,' and is dated 
10 .May. 

HtlwTs's wTitings show him to have been 
a man of erudition, and Price com^iders that 
his tract on persecution was tho first well- 
rvosoued and const»tent advocacy of the right 
of private judgment in religiou. AppareuCly 
ho was well-to-do, a^ Smyth made it a boost 
that hehadnot taken any of Helwys's money. 
Holwy&*8 works are: 1. 'An .\dverti»o- 
ment or Admonition unto the Congregations, 
which men call the Now Fryoler^ in tho 
Lowe Count rice; written in Butehe and pub- 
lished in ICnglis, wherein is handled four 
principal pointoa of lieUgiou,* &c., Amster- 
dam (i-) 1611. 2. *A Declaration of Faith 
of the £ngUsh People remaining ot Amster- 
dam in Holland.' I6U. 3. 'A proof that 
God's Dt*cree is nul the cause of any Man's 
Kin or Condemn at ion,' 1611. 4. * Declara- 
tionof thoMvMeryof Iniquity/lfil5. 5. *A 
Short !)i»etaration,* ItlU (r). 6. 'Persecu- 
tion for Iteligirdi, judtjcd and condemned,' 
1615. He is also twiid to have written *A 
plain and well-grounded Treatise ronc«m- 
ing Baptism,* 1618 (title Irom TAItOB's 
I/aptut^). 

Hklwvs, KowAiin ( fi. 1589), another »on 
of William Khvys, wtio became a member 
of Gray's Inn in KVM), was probablr the 
E. Hellwis who published • A Manoll De- 
ciphered,' Lond. 1 58U, 8vo. Thin is tk ctiriouA 
trcsutifio on KnviOation, chap, xii., and in di>- 
dicATed tn Lrinl llunsdon. There is a copy 
in the British Museum. 

[^Crusby'a Hist, of tho Ba^sla, i. 258, it. 
App. i-ix ; Peiter's Coogrv^ttonalinn, pp. 320, 
&o., wh^ro Tnrious authorities &to nentiooed; 
iTimoy's Hipt. of tho Itaptifts, t. 12i, ii. ttOS; 
Taylor's HiM.of tbi* English Baptists, i. ii, 87. 
PI, 05; Wtlson'a Hist, of Dissenting Chnrcbea. 



I 



Icly-Hulchmson 37* 



nnson 



t. 30; Prioe'fl HiaLof Prouauutt NaneooforBUU, 
i. ■51Q; BrtKik'i Lire* of the Pnriiasi. n. 379; 
J. Aobinaun'ii Of CijininaDioo. pp. 41-6: John> 
taa'u ExjotTy. p. 63; Fl*Tcher» Hi«. (rf Iad«- 
pCttdaMU. ill. 7; Wsu's Bibl. Brit.] A. C. B. 

HKLY - HUTCHINSOIf, CHRISTO- 
PHER a7&7-\»'2ti), Uwyer, Bfth aon of 
John Hely-HuichiiLHjn \ I":?4~l"94) [q. v.], 
wu bom on 5 April 1767. Educat^-d at 
Triairy CoUf«, Uublin, and at the Temple, 
he wu oiUea to tie Iri&b bar in \7&-2. The 
Btwlr and practice of law was liitle to hU 
tatte, but hi9 father*! influence kwd secured 
liim a reopcctable poflition, which the more 
easily reconciled him to his profession. In 
1795 he sacceeded hiB father in therepreeien- 
tation of the borough of Tai^hmoii. co. Wex- 
ford. He entered parU&tnent during the vtoe- 
roynlty of Earl Pitcwilliam, and wa« an ar- 
dent supporter of bi« administration. He was 
Blrongly opposed to the goTemmcnt of Ix>rd 
Camden, and becoming disgusted at the 
coiiree of events he soon withdrew altogether 
from parliamenr. On the outbreak of the 
Tebelbon of 1798 he enlisted as a volunteer 
under hiii brother John, for whom ho enter- 
tained a profound admiration, and was ac- 
tively engaged in the affair at BalUnamuck, 
'where lie was inBtnunental in capturing the 
French geaeraU lAfontainc* and Sarmain, 
and was commended fnr bis bravery br Lord 
Comwallitk. He was Wrongly oppo»ea to the 
union, and at a meeting nf the bar proposed 
to resist it with the sword. After the pau- 
ingof till' meiLS lire, Ht^ly-Hiitchinson quitted 
Ireland in dtMgiiht. He took part ar aide-de- 
camp of his brother in the exiMjdition a^nst 
the Hflder, ond was wounded iutheuattle 
of Alkmar. Jn January ISOl he was raised 
to tlift nink of lieutenant-colonel, and accom- 
panied his brother John as a volunteer in the 
expedition to Egypt under Sir lialph Abt-r- 
cromby. On the elevation of his brother to 
the peerage as L/nd Hutchinson lie succet>ded 
him in the representation of the city of Cork, 
■which he continue<1 to represent, except from 
1815 to ISU*, when he ws* displaced by 
Colonel Longfiold, till hifl death in 162ti. 
Like the rest of liia family he wasBlrongly in 
favour of a liberal treaiment of the Irish 
Koman catholics. He congmtulalcd the go- 
.Temment on the suppression of Emmett's 
IxebcUion without needless bloodshed, but 
IwreBsed for an inquiry into iho causesof Irish 
Paiatress, declaring that he naw more supine- 
TieM and ne-gligence respecting Irish afTinra 
than htt had ever wilnt-sftod respecting Ilm 
amallmit English interest. In IWJjJ he votetl 
for the Irish Habeas Corpus Siippension Bill, 
■ but was of opinion that the Union would 
be of little benefit if it was not followed up 



with other marks of attention to Irelaml 
than continued suspensions of the Habc«« 
Corpus Act.' He was a strenuous advocita 
of the war, and mada an oSer, which ww, 
tioweveTp dedinodj to raise a re^ment it \i7* 
own crpense. In 1806 he accompanied I.orrl 
Hutchinson on a diplomatic miMion t/> ^'' ' 
Petersburgand Berlin. In 1807 hetookj 
in the Polish campaign, fighting in the Ko*-l 
sian ranks. He was wounded in the bstilel 
of Krlau, and was also present in the m^IA 
at f'riedland. After the peace of Til?it 
Tisited Moscow, and on hi» ret um to Kngland 
in the beginning of 1600 he vehemently op*| 
posed the ministry for their mi&managempi) 
of the war, and particularly for the Conven 
lion of Cintra, which he declared bad mctt^ 
ti£od the troops and disgusted the nation. 

As he had opposed the union when it wa_ , 
first mooted, so he regarded the refusal to ful- 
hl the conditions of the bargain as the chief 
cause of Irish diAturbance. Against Lor' 
Castlereagh he was particularly indignant, 
and on more than one occasion was nt 
tnanded by the speaker for the violence < 
language (J^rltamcntary Debatai, SO May 
18(^andUJuno IhIIkHc voted in favou 
ofSirFroncisBurdeti'splnn of parliameutsr^ 
reform, and one of the last speeches he ina<»^ 
was directed against emigration tn Gonad 
as a panacea fur Iritii distreM, After xl 
conclusion of the war with France he ws 
acciulomod during the n'ci'sses of parliament] 
to visit Paris with his futnily ; but becomir 
objectionable to the French povemraent^ 
owing tn his intimacy with the liU^ral cbiefi 
and his opposition to the legitimist intcr\-eu-' 
tion in Spain, he wos coniDelled to withdraw 
from Franco. He died alter a lingering ill-j 
ness ar his residence. B<m Lomond Houie^f 
Downsbireilill Rottd,Hampstead,on 20 .tug. 
182fi. Ho married, fir^t, on "24 Dec. I79-Jp 
the datiphter of Sir Jftmng Bond, who divdj 
on 30 Alarch 1700, and by her had issue 
son John; secondly, Anne, widow nf John 
Brydgi'ji Woodcock, cfti[., daughter of tht 
linn, and Itcv. Maurice Crosbie, dean 
Limerick, and sister to William, fourth locd 
BandoD. 

[Burke's Pvcrngo; Uiographto Unirorsellfl;! 
Randolph'ti Life uf Sir Kohurl Wiltton ; Hatt-| 
sard's pKrliHtnonturv Debates; 0«nt.Uag. 182it: 
Annunl Rt^gititer, 1826.] H. D. 

HELYHTJTCHINSON, JOHN (^1724-1 

1 794), lawyer and statesman, son of Irnnciw 
llely nf Gortroe, co. Cork, and Prudence, 
dsiighter n( Matthias Earlwry, was bora ml 
17^4, and educated at Trinity College, DtitHJ 
Hn, wht;re ho gmdunted H.A. in 1744. la^i 
1 746 he was called to the Irish bar, atid < 



Hely-Hutchinson 377 Hcly- Hutchinson 



8 June 1 751 he married Christiana, daughter 
of Abraham Nixon of Monty, en. Wicfilovr, 
niece and heireaa of Kicbard Hutchinson, 
esq., of Knocklofty, co, Tipnerary, whose 
name bu thereupon adopted. In 1750 he en- 
tered parliament as luciubtir for the borough 
of Leneflborougb : but nfter the dissolution 
on the death of George II he disposed of hia 
seat, and from 1 761 tu 1 790 sat an member for 
the city of Cork. According to Dr. Duigennn 
be began his political career as ^a violent and 
obfitreperoua patriot ; ' but after ' patriol i&mg 
for a sessioa or two 'he was taken into the 
service of the administration, created a privy 
councillor, and rewarded with the post of 
prime peijcant-at-law. He proved a valuable 
acquisilinn To government, and for bis con- 
duct in the matter of the Pensions Inquiry 
Bill, the Embargo Bill, and the Army Aug- 
mentation Bill he obtained the sinecure place 
of olnager with a ealory of 1,000/. a year, 
twether with a reversionary grant of tlie 
principal eecretarythip of state, to which he 
succeeded in 1777, and s commission, which 
he subsequently sold for 3,()00/., of major in 
a cavalry regiment. Hid unblushing venality 
and subservience to government arouged thu 
indignation of the 'patriotrt,' and osi>eci»lty 
of Ilood, who declared that be had received 
more for ruining one kingdom than Admiral 
Hawke had received for saving three (see 
the Letters of PhiladelpbuB in liaratariana, 
■where Hely-Hutchinson tij?im-8 as Sergeant 
Kufinu«). On the death of l)r. Francis An- 
drews in June 1771 he waa appointed provost 
of Trinity College. The appointment, for 
which he waa acadetniciilly unqunlilied, and 
■which waA the n^sult of an unworthy intrigue 
with thoHccrctar)' of stale^ Sir John filaquiere, 
outraged university seniiment. The ' Free- 
man's Journal 'teemed with letters criticising 
the appointment and unmercifully lampoon- 
ing the new provost, the* Fotofi of erudition' 
as ne wasimnicallv styled. The most nntablo 
of these letters, wliich appear chiefly to have 
emanated from the jien i)fl)r. iJuigenan. were 
afterwards publiHhvd separately undt-r the 
name of • Pranceriana,' a title derived from 
what was regarded os a ludicrousattempt on 
the part of the provost, altait Jock Prancer, to 
establish a dancing and fencing school in the 
college in imitation of the university of Ox- 
ford. One of the tirst acts of the new provost 
was an attempt to convert the representation 
of th« university into a pocket borough for 
th« benefit of his own family. The attempt 
failed, but it caused mudi unuleai^anlness, 
and resulted In a di$graed'ul duel between 
llelj-Uutchio&on and a Mr. Doyle^who had 
offered himself as a candidate in opposition 
to the provost's eldest son Richard, tne future 



Lord Bonuughmore. Meeting bis most ran' 
corous enemy* Duigenan, who professed to 
have been personally injured by Hely-Hutch- 
inson'e appointment as provost, otie day in 
the precincts of the Four Courts, Duigenan in 
said to have threatened lo'hutge his eye,' and 
when Hely-Hutchinsnn, diHlaining to havo 
anything to do with Buigenan, called upon 
PhilipTwdnll,tbeatlomey-genernI,toenBwor 
for bis follower's insolence, Tisdall immedi- 
ately applied for an information in the kingV 
bench against Hely-nurchin'on, which wnulil 
certainly have b«ren granted had not TisdaJL 
died in the meantime. Tisdall's death ren- 
dered vacant one of the feats for the univer- 
sity, and by a conwidt-rabU^ stretch of his au- 
thority as returning unicerllely-Hutchinsoti 
managed to secure the election of his son^ 
who was, however, unfeated on an election 
petition. A similar charge of misusing hia 
powers 08 returnintf oflicer was preferred 
against him on the election of his son Francis 
in 17l'0. The case was heard before a select 
committee of the Irish House of Commons^ 
and Uely-Hulchinton was acquitted \y^ a 
majoritv of one {Jieport rif the, PrvCffdmyn 
in I he C'ase qfthe Borovgk of Trinity CoUfge, 
Dtiblin, as heard brfore a Stlect Committee of 
the Umire of Cwnmonn, Ireland, 1791). In 
1777, while the former petition was sliU 
|M'nding, Duigenan seized the opportunity to 
publish his ' Lachryraie .\cad«'mica<,' an ela- 
borate ond envenomed indii-linent of Helj- 
HutchiDfOn in liis capacity a« provost of the 
college, llie book woecentureuby theboanJ, 
and when Duigenan treated the censure with 
contempt, proceedingswere institutwl against 
him for libel. But after lasting filti-i-n day* 
Judge Bobincou finally dismiuvd the cose, 
declaring he ' left the school to its own cor- 
rectors.' 

There was considerable truth in BuigennnV 
allegntioDs ; but it is certain that Hely- 
Hutchinson w^^ a very eificient provost, and 
that it was to his exertions chiefly tlinl thu 
college owed its umdem languupes professfir- 
ships. He could hardly claim to be a scholar, 
but he was an able and intelligent man, and 
(he ' Commercial Itestruints,' if not altogether 
faultless in style, 15 a work of considerable 
merit and historical value. In its original 
form the 'Commercial Kestraints of Ireland' 
consisted of u series of letters addressed to 
the lord-lieutentint, l^rd Buckinghamshire, 
on the conimercinl diliitress of Ireland, r&- 
viewinff the chief causes of it and suggesting 
means for its alleviutton. It was published 
anonymously in 1779, and its doctrines being 
regarded as seditious it was ordered to bv 
burnt by tbo common hangman. On the 
other hand it was received with unKtinted 



Hely-Hutchinson ^^37» Hely-Hutchin! 



praise liy the advocator of free trade, and dTd ' 
ziiu£li to remore from the public mind the 
nooUeotton of liely-UutchinsQn'B pgliticAt 
AOliMrnency. During the (rw Irdd*; dubatt.*:) 
* iDptzUameiit he consisteatlj upheld the same 
doctrinesy though nut imwiUin^, tl wa8 aii^ 
pected {Jiertrjt/urd Cvrrcspvitdrme^ i. 05), to 
alter his views ou condiiioD of ccrtaiu * ad> 
dttioDal advonto^tis for his family.' IIu sup- 
ported the claim of inilcpcudL>nce,ftnd -n'armly 
advocated an cxtooiitou of political liberty 
to the Roman catholics. Uu the question of 
the commcrclat propositions (1765) he &up- 

Eorted the govemmeut, and bcinj;; censured 
y his cousiitucnts ho dtifcadud hiA conduct 
ill • A LuLItT from the Secretary of Stato to 
the Mayor nf Cork.' On (he ({uefction of the 
regency, however, he supported the oppoai- 
lion, and one of the lost votca be gavu yras 
in favour of porliamcntary reform. In 1700 
he ivas L>lL'c(t:d for the borough of Tughmon, 
CO. 'NVexford, and coat lnui.*d to rtprescut it 
till his death. He died at Buxton, n hither liu 
had gone fur the hoUo of hlti healthy uu -1 S<.>pt. 
179-1. I 

Hely-Hutchinson was a man of contiider- 
able practical ability, and pus!>e5:«ed many 
public and private virtues, uumberiug; among 
his intimotufrieo'ls some of the most eminent 
men of h'n time, notably Edmund liurhe, 
Lord Perry, and "VViliiam Gerard Hamilton ; 
but his political career ■wras throughout vi- 
tiated by an intense and inordinate desire 
to aggrandise his family. In the House of 
Commons be was much ciiteeaied as a ready 
debater and a master of polished sarcasm- 
He was an admirer of the drama, and in his 
youth bad lived ou terms of intimafy witli 
Quiu, who did much to improve Im elocu- 
lion. Ho accepted a peerage for his wife In 
178i»,who was uccordmgly created Baroness 
JDonoughmore. By her he bad issue six sons, 
namely, Kichard, lirst earl of Donougbmore 
(q. v.] ; John, lord Hulclunson. and second 
earl of Donougbmore [q. v.j; Francis, M.P. 
for Dublin Umvcraity ; Augustus Abraham : 
Christopher Tq. v.], -M.P. for the city of Cork ; 
Lorenzo, and four daughters. 

[Burko's Peerage; Commorcial Rostraints of 
Ireland, ed. W. U. Carroll, 1838; Leckys Eng- 
laad in tho Eighteouth Cpntury; Froudu's Eug- 
lish in Ireland; Irish Parlianitfiitary Itegiater; 
Orattan'a Ufc and Times ; Duigeuaa'b Lochrymee 
AcademicK; Bercsford CorretiponJonce ; Buru- 
tnriana; Pr»nctrirtn.i ; lliai. MSS. Coaini. 8ih 
Rep. Hely-Huu'hinson'a correspondence is in 
thepossoesionof IheCounteM Dononghmore. It 
fOCtaDda from 1761 to hbortly before bis death, 
nr\d includes many Irtters of interest and im- 
portance to the hislorina. among tliem being 
•everal from Kdninnd Burk<>. Soe Uiel- l^l^S. 
Coram. i2th Rep. p. 3A ] H. D. 



HELY-HUTCHINSON, JOHN,] 

UncuiKSox, alterwards it-coad EUbl 
DoxorauMOBS (_17or-l ■ 
son of John Hely-Hir 
[q. v.], was born on 16 M'i\ i..». . lie 
educated at Eton, where Dean Bond wu 
his tutor, and at Trinity College, DubLc 
In May 1774 he was appointed oomet in tkf 
old I6Lh light dragoons, or DroghfKU It^^ 
horse. Ho obtained his company in the ijTth 
foot, then in Ireland, in October l776fai)J 
in 17tSl was appointed major. In 17i^l If 
became Ueutenant-coloncl in the 77th Athok 
bighUnders, a very tine corps of highUnder* 
raised ou the Atbolc estates in 17*9, whicb 
served some years in Ireland, and mutinied »< 
Portsmouth when ordered toembarkforlndti 
early in 17d>3. It was diabaitded at Berwick- 
on-Twetid soon after (aea Sttwabt, SrotiijA 
Siyhlajulera,'ii. ltJ5-0andlxxxi). Hutchio- 
6on remained on half-pay for the nexteleveo 
years, studied taciicsat Strasbiirg, and xrh^T 
the' Preuch revolutionary armies took H, 
tield, gained access tu their campa. He uju 
in the French camp when La f ayette ww 
forced to fly from his troops in Augaat XTHS. 
HutchinBon afterwards visited the opposinf 
armies under the Duke uf Brunswic 
near the French froulier. and sub 
ioiued the Duko of York's army befai 
lencietuies as a volunteer in 1TV>.3, 
some time emploved as extra aidcn 
to Sir Bolph AWrcromby. Uutchli] 
elder brother, Rlchartl, aftenvards first End 
of Dottoughmore, having raised two 
ments, known as the U4lh and 112th fj' 
Hutchinson was appoinl'*d colonel ol'the 04(] 
in 1704, and conunamli^d the rejtiinent (o 
of several wbicli have cousecucively bornii 
the same number) until it was drafted into 
other corps the year after. He became a 
major-general 3 )lay 1790, and was appoinis) 
to the Irish statl'. He was in command tX 
Castlebar when one thousand French und^ 
Uumbcrl landed in KilUla Bay in Augu 
17i*8. With fifteen hundred men, most^ 
fencible6 and (disntfected) Irish militia, 
bad taken up u po.4itiun in front of (he ton 
when General Lake nrrivixl, and assunfl 
couunand at midnight on ^ Aug. (M i 
' approach of the enemy ne.vt momwg most ( 
^ the troops fled headlong, leaving six gu 
' behind tliero. One party of cavalry is saH 
to Imvo galloped thirty miles before i* 
rein. Hutchinson's account of ihedisg 
afl'air will be found in Ross's 'Cor 
Corre8pondence'(vol, ii.etseq.) Cor 
who was commander-in-chief as weU i 
lieutenant, appears to have blamed Hut-c 

son for hia misplaced confidence in untrii 

and untrustworiby troops before Lake's ai^ 



Hely-Hutchinson 379 Hely- Hutch in son 



rival (i'6. ii. 411), and spoko of UutdiioAOn 
af^rwards tis * a eonatbre man, but no gene- 
ra.1 * (i4. iii. 360). Hutchin&on rtilainod lus 
coDunand. Ho aat for Lanesborough, co. 
Longford, in the Irish parliament of 17rt>-83, 
and for Cork city in tUeparliamonl of 1790-7 
And 179^1t^X>. GomwalltA nnmes bini as 
one who «polfe and voted in favouL* uf the 
iinton in the i^at debate in the Iriub House 
of Commoiw on 'J'J Jan. 1700, when the go- 
vernment waadefuot*;d(_i6. iii. 43). On 6 Aug. 
170U bo was Bppi>iutcd colonel -commandaut 
of a nowly raised second battalion 40th foot, 
Lord Craven being his Ucutcnant-coloael. 
As a volunteer HuTcbinson accom|iunied Sir 
Ralph Abercromby to the Texel with the ad- 
vance of the DuJieof Vork'a arniy^ in Atijf^st 
1799, and whoa Lord Craven wa« disabled 
by the kick of a horse on goins into action 
on Oct., he look charge of Craven'* bri- 
sade, and was severely wounded at its head 
by a rifle-ball in the lliigh during' the hard 
fightintf round Alkmaar. He wyut out trt 
the Slediterrancan with Abercromby and 
Mooro in the St-uhorse frigate, arriving at 
Minorca in Juno 1600. lie was with Al>cr- 
cromby at Leghorn and Qenou, and was 
appointed to command the right wiug (tea 
tbouaand men) of the urmy of debarkation in 
the projected demonstraMon againot Cadiz, 
which was abandoned on account of the 
pestilence racing in the city. The troops 
returned to Malta. HutchiuAou aa well as 
AborcrombywasconisultedbythegovorumGnt 
OS to a descent on Egypt, and both regarded 
it u hazardeua. In December 1800 Hutchin* 
aon waa appointed to command the first di- 
vision of Abercromby'a army, which after 
many delays landed in Egypt , 10 March ISOl . 
By seniority he succeeden to the command 
of the army on the fall of Abercromby in the 
great battle before Alexandria,^ I March 1801. 
For his services he received the thanks of pai^ 
liament, and waj made knight of the Bath. 
His generals appear to have had no confi- 
dence in him at nrsl ; and Sir Henry Edward 
Bunbury (_q. v.] »peaks of a ciibat, little »hort 
of mutiny, formea by ofticeni * of the high^t 
rank' for the purpose of virtually if not ah- 
aotutely depriving Hutchinson of the chief 
conuuand. They invited Coote and Moore 
to join them, and were foiled in their mad 
design chiefly bv the uucompromising atti- 
tude of Moore (BrxBrBT. ^I'arratue of Cef 
tain Pauagei in the late War. p. l:?d). Bun- 
burl's description of Hutchinson partly ex- 
plains his unpomilarity, * He was 44 vears 
of age, but looKod much older, with liarHh 
featurea jaundiced by disease, extreme tihort- 
aightedneas, a stooping body and a slouching 
.gftit, and an utter neglect of bis dress.* He 



shunned,6unburT continues,' general society, 
was indojentiwitu an ungracious manner and 
a violent temper,' Yet ho was a good scholar, 
while * on military subjects his views wor« 
large, and bis personal bravery was unques* 
tioned'(,i6. p. i'29). Hutchinson's movcmenta 
at first were slow and cautious, but whun hts 
plana were formed he carried them out with 
great sagacity and success. A small force, de- 
tached under Colonel Brent Spencer, having 
seized Ro&ctta, and leaving a force undt^r E vft) 
Coote ( 1762-1824) fq. v.] to blockade tlus 
French garrison of Alexandna (which he did 
not feel strong enough to attack) on the lan^ 
side, Hutchinson started from his camp near 
Alexandria on 7 Msr 1801 to marcli to Cairo, 
with the double object of meeting Baird'u 
force, which was known to be on its way from 
India, and preventing any serious attack by 
the French tn Upper Egypt on the Turkish 
army advancing Irom Syna. This movemcni 
enabled him to separate the French garri>ons 
of Alexandria and Coiro.eiichofthematronger 
than his own availabl*; force, and to deal with 
each in detail. On *Jl June 1801 he arrived 
with his 4,500 British troops atOIuzoh, oppo- 
site Cairo, the grurtd vizior with a disordt-rly 
rabble of twenty-live thousand Turks taking 
up u position on the opiwsito bank, within 
cannon-shot of the city, at the same time. 
The next day the French garrison of ten 
thousand men under General BcUiard capitti* 
lated on honourable terms. They were hbui. 
Aovm the Nile, a British force under Moore 
keeping between them and the Turks, for 
embarkation for France. Hutchinson, who 
waa detained for a while at Ghlzeh by ill- 
ness, then returned to Alexandria, and, wend- 
ing Eyre Cooiti acro^the inundation of Lake 
Mareotia to attack the city from the west- 
ward, betrau to prosecute the siege with vi- 
gour. Menou, who commanded in Alex- 
andria, at first refused to acknowledge the 
Burrendec of Cairo, but on 27 Aug. 1801 pro- 
posals were sent out for a three days' armis- 
tice, and on 3 Sept. 1801 Alexandria snra'U- 
dend. Hut cbin^on, desirous of saving blood- 
shed, knowing that peace negotiations were 
in progresii in Europe, and that it was of Ihe 
highest. importance that the Bririshahould re- 
main in undisturbed pouession of the country, 
agreed to terms nearly aimilar to thow granted 
at Cairo. With an uonourable regard to the 
claims of science he also agreed to except from 
the capitulation the collections of the rreuch 
mvant-f, which eventually formed the Musfo 
do rEgypto. Before the middle of Ociolior 
the la.'it French soldier left- the country, and 
Hutchinson, after dealing vigorously with 
an attempted act of treachery nn the part of 
the Turkish outhoritips toward*) the Meme- 





Hdv-Hulchinson 



t»MlBrT«d 



Ivfa V^ BB^ over Uk tommmd to Uoid 
Gkvia, aad R<«aed koac tf tl« eod of the 
MMk. Hk Tfie^ tW i^f— of 
I B tW iBUfMM* of Eivofeatt peoer sad 
fUj ofoorLrfi— fyocM bftnUy 

IftfWiMiy. Ikwcrmied 
Bum TT^lifci—nn «f Alcxkadrm sad of 
KaodrloAj, ax ^uymj. wiifc « fcnaoa of 
±000t o jflw. Ho »ha leecnvd tke mw 
IWUih Older of tks Oeaccnc ia fanffiuU. 
Od the lonewal of the wmr HnTfhTiiono hdd 
a ■nor-^niar* ooaiBOBd ta %ht muliBB 
dfatnel (K«B» aad Sairnr) ado- Sb- Dtnd 
aatfl pttMBOtoa ta be Kwrtraent- 
ia BeptesWr 180& H« voa ep- 
eolon^ 74ih WkWen in 1808, 
to tbe 67U MoC in 1806, uid to 
tfcel8t]iroTmlIn«hfoc<tal6n. nebecuse 
gOTcmor fliir Stirling Ca^le in April 1806, 
aad a full drnenl in lt$13. He was aiade 
G.C.B. no tAe ncoaetitatioii of the order of 
th« lUth in ISU. 

In November 1^06 Hutchiasoa «w icnt 
ty the Gren^ille ministrr on ui noAucceMfuI 
miwiim to t he IVuhuaii and Kuasiui conrtA. 
Be was with th« Kumiui armj in the fidd 
dnrioff the cainpaifn ending with the diaae- 
tfouanttle of VnedUnd. Dear Koaig»bei|^, 
14 JaiL 1807, and wa« afterwards a ihoTt 
time at St. Petcwburp. lie <ubee<)ueotlj 
took little part in public sfTair*. He was a 
whig in pohiics, and in the Imh house had 
been reput^'l an effective speaker. 

In lg:.'0Hutchin5on,ODCeaperw>naI friend 
of George IV as Prince of Walea, and n raem* 
ber of the prince's council, waa entrusted 
withamisflion toCjueen rarotine. Hiitchin- 
■on met her at St. Omer (4 .Jun*^ iHtK)) with 
the offer of an allowance cf 60.000/. a year, 
on condition ofherrelimiuinhinttaU Kngli^h 
rovfll title*, and never Tisitinp England. 
Brougham, the qUBen*j« ottomcT-frencrn!, ap- 
peant to have l>een disposed to recommend 
acceptance of the terms except as regarded 
renunciation of any roval title (Life of 
Broufjham^ ii. 366-70), The queen refused to 
liatentotheproposalB, and start I'd for England 
next morning {ib.^ [see Cabomxe Amelia 
Elizabeth and Bboit.haji, Hexrt Peter, 
I^BdBbouoham ANoVAri]. OnGeorpelV's 
visit to Ireland Hutchinson appears to have 
interceded with him in fevour of Sir Itobcrt 
WilBon, who had been dismissed the service 
for alleged interference with the authorities 
on the occasion of Queen Caroline's funeral. 

On the death of hits broiher Kichnrd, the 
flr»t earl, on 25 Aug. l^W, Hutchinson suc- 
ceeded as second earl of Donoughmoro. He 
died at his seat, Knockloftv, co. Tipperary, 
on 6 July 1832, aged 75. At his death the 



haeaa^ of HvtcbiaKm becaaK exliact. Ibe 
of 2,00CUL a year attadied UienUi. 
■od a pOBaioii of WOL, drawn by him in rv< 
spoet of aa eholidied atnecnrr in ihr Intl 
CMtoai-fao«ee,al«> ceased. >' ..■c«>x3<«i 

ia tbe earUom of Doooafpt : •pfc. v. 

JohaHelT-HatrbiBsoo < 17b7 
poctiait of Hutfbiaaoo, by T. I* 
If eafrtTcd ia Oidell's * Ooatei 
tnxts.' 



'IJoateinponirT r<ir> 



[Fostrr't IWagv, a. T. * Dor 
mrt'alUrr.SIU.Cal. 1890; G> 
SU; Sir H. BiiBbary'sNuTbU. t' 
agiB in ibt latfl War viih Frmnce. '. 

coatanunirmarh iaterestinK inform 

isf HoliAsd, the Meditemmean, and l:^7T>t >i> 
17M-1801 ; SirRabfff W il«nn*ft and other urn- 
rifw of the campeugu in Kgypi . All«idyev's iJit 
of Admiral Lord Krith , Hutchinson's dcspttcbn 
ia LopdoB Uaiatta. Ann. ii<«. Ibul, and Alima'i 
Hot. of Euofnt ToL t. A letter frv^n llvlrhia- 
•oe to tha Karl of Cbicbcster in Ih03 ia in Brit. 
3lQS.AdJ.3i.S. 331111. f. 442. For the ereais i» 
GeniuOT in 1806-7 see Altson'ft lIi>t.aod Cotn 
aad Cvtnacts, G«ofg« III, wtX. ir. aadnr data, 
aleoino. Keg 1807* ]lutchio«on'« desi«ich» 
frum the Rosaian hfodqiurtcr- ru!iiic 

Ksconl OfEce, LntMloD.enrolU ■ -inxtiT,' 

190(^7. The prinaediaryoi >.i *v...uvi«. Wihmo, 
who waj frith Bntchioson at this period as miii- 
tarjr attache, forms Add. MS. 30008. T»a voloian 
of l«tt«n from Hiilcbtnsonto Witjion, from 18)4 
lol828.fomi Add. MSS 30125 HDu 301 ■*« They 
arvrrplete wiih inicre»nngromm'^i ■ i 

afiairv in Ireltud nod on thi- coni . ■ 

•utograjth Ifttnrs »r« iu fhnky, •cr;i\vtiiig n»DJ- 
writing which is all but ille^bl« \ U. Al, C 

HELY-HUTCHIN80N, JOHN. 

Earl of DoxoroiiJioRB i ir^T-lKil i. 
soDof ErancibHel_Y-Hutchinfon,thethini»iia 
of Johnllely-Hutchin5oa( 17:.*4-ir'.Mt[q \-.> 
was bom nt Wcsford in I7i?7. He enterwl 
the army in SeptemtHT 1Wj7, and ferTt*d with 
the gTvnndier guards during lUe Penin-nJjtr 
war, receivinp the war muds) with oti' 
for the bstlle of Coninna, He wa« nn- 
the rank of cjiptuin of the 1st grvoadwn 
on Nov, 181:2, and was uctirely engaged 
at Waterhto. On the allied occupation of 
Paris he was qitarlered there» and obtaiDnJ 
cnniiiderahle notoriety from the share !: 
in effect in B the escope of Cieueml Lai 
Toffether with Lieutenant Bruce of li 
regiment ond Sir Kobert WiUou, he wu' ; 
his trial in Puris. PutilicsymiMiiln , hi 
wason tbosideof the accuMKl,nn^ thi 
taking a lenient view of their oHence, ji. , 
condemned them to three month*' impri»"'ii- 
ment and 1 he expenses of the trial. \\'-i 
under|;oiiig hi« punishment, Hely-Hi 
son returned to England. For his 
ho was deprived of his commission, but waa 




aoon restored to Lis regiment. In IH.IJ lu* 
sncceeded hb uncle^ Jolin Ilcly-Hiitcliiiison 
(1757-1832) [q.v.],ns second earl Ooiiougb- 
Viore; in 1B31 bu wtiB cnnied a kni^lit uf 

t Patrick, and in 184;? va^ unpointed 
> of thecommitiaiunera of chnritablt) dona- 
iH and U'qufsts in Ir*;Uad. Hu diwd 
hiii rusidi-niv at Palmtrston, co. Dublin, 
14 Sept- 1851, He niarriod twice: first. 
on iTi June IB^l.ihe IIon.MarjfaretfTardiner, 
iM»v*'nth daughter of Luke, first riscounl 
Mountjoy, wuo died 13 Oct. ]8'2o, and bv 
hor bad issuu Uichanl John, who succoislt'd 
him, and Marjfanit, who died _vounjr;st-coudly, 
on u Sept. 1B27, Barbara, second daughter 
of Lioulenonl-colonel William Uevnell of 
Castte Reynell, co. Westmeath, and by her 
liadonesonandtbrf«dAU|;;hters. A memorial 
tablet recording hix virtutts was erected by 
Lis widow in Chapulizud Church, co. Dublin, 
which he bad ordinarily attended. 

[Riographia Nouvelle das Conterapurttiiift ; 
llurkt.-'<( Peerage; Aon. Keg. rot. zoiii.: Gvnt. 
yio-ti,. nuv «er. rol.xxxvi, : Ttio Trial at full 
length of Major-Oenl. .Sir Robert T. Wilaoii, 
Michael Brace, Esq., and Cnptain Urly-UotchiD- 
•on for aiding and auixting ia tho Evoipe of 
General Lnmlette, London, 1816] R. D. 

HELY-HUTCHINSON, RICHARD, 
first K.iut. av Donoi-uiimorh U7ofi-lHi5), 
«ld(!St aon of John lIuly-HutcIiinKon (1724- 
1794) [q. v.], bom in 1750, was otlucated at 
Oxford" and Trinity College, Dublin, where 
be graduated B.A. in 1775. In 1777 hewas 
'led to the Irixb bar, and in the itnmt> year 
was ftlnctt'd M.P. for the univentity of 
ublin; but, being unseated on an election 
petition, ho was returned for Sligo, which 
lie represented till 1783. From 17B3 to 
1788, when the death of his mother, the 
BircmeM Donoughmore, miaed him to the 
upper house, he reprettented t he borough of 
Taghmon, co. Wexford, lie was a man of' 
' liberal aentimente and an ardent friend of 
•catholic emancipation, and took an active 
: nart in tlx^ dt-luites in parliament. In 1794 
j fie raised a regiment of foot (the 112th), of 
[ which his brother John wa.s aiipoirited colonel. 
. He was creatt'd Viscount Suirdulc in Nove.m- 
! ber 1797, and commanded the Cork legion 
during the rebellion in 1798. lie voted for 
the union, hoping to secure catholic emanci* 
patian thereby; waacrenled Earl of Donough- 
inore (21 I>ec. IdOO), and elected one of the 
twenty-<'igbt reprewntative poors of Iroland. 
Ib 1S05 he was raif>ed to the rank of major- 
general, and in the following year Ma* ap- 
. pointed co-j)08t master-general in Ireland, but 
I resigned hig ofliee on the diKsolutton of the 
L Portland administration in 1809. From 



P5ui 



the cuuEc of the Irish Roman catholics in thu 
House of Lords, strenuously opposing every 
attempt to rule Ireland by purely coercive 
measures. On the flueittiun of the veto he 
sided with O'Connellnnd the bishops, hold- 
ing domestic nomination to be a sufficient 
security against papal interference. On thu 
(rial of Queen Caroline, however, he sup- 

Sorted the government, and voted for the 
lill of Pains and Penalties. He opposed 
the .<>u«tpension of the Habeas Corpus Act, 
but pave 'o reluctant consent' to the Irish 
Insurrection Bill of 1B22. In the spring of 
182o he became unwell, but recovered sutE- 
cientty to move the second reading of the 
Calholii? K^lief Bill on 17 May in tlie same 
year. M*i died, however, on 2.* Aug-, follow- 
ing, and, never having married, woAAUcceeded 
by his brother John Hely-IIutchinson, lord 
Hutchinson (1757-1832) [a. v.] Xotwith- 
standiug a certain waywanineas of opinion. 
Lord Donou^bmore was really an enliglicened 
man, and did much to advance the cause of 
cotholic lib'trution. At a meeting of the Ca- 
tholic Association on 10 Nov. 1h2'i a warm 
tribute was paid to his memory tv* ' the here- 
ditary patron of the catholics.* 

[Burke's Feomgo: Parlianifiitary Dobatei; 
Alumni Oxoniensea; FlL<[Mlrick'8Curresp(>ndonc* 
of Daniel O'ConnsH; Ann. R*g.; Ross's Cor- 
respnadearo of Lnrd CorowalHit; and tbe Cor- 
respondfinoe uf Ijurd C'astlcreagh ; Addit. 3i[SS. 
301-^5 fF. 75. 87. 102, 31229 f. 104. 83103 f. 47; 
Hist.MS:^. Comm. I2th Rep. p. 36.] H. D. 

HELYAR, JOHN (J. 15:W), scholar, 
born alyml liiiXi. was a native of Hampshire, 
and matriculated at Corpus Chrisli College, 
Oxfonl, on 1 June 1522, waa admitred B.A. 
on 27 July 1524. and commenced Sl.A. oa 
3 April 1525; he supplicated for B.D. in 
1532 (Hefj. i'nii: Or/, i. 134, 326). He be- 
came fellow of his college', and )>eing well 
versed in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew uttracted 
the patronage of Wolsi'v. He afterwards 
became vicar of ICasf Meon and rector of 
Warblington, I lanip:^hin>. Previouj*ly to 
August 15*)5, when he wa^ living at Pariji, 
he went abroad, according to his own ac- 
count for the purpose of study, but he had 
evidently fallen into disgrace: he waa still 
abroad in December 1531J. Helyar is said 
to have been a friend of Kraamus, but none 
of hid alleged correspondence with him baa 
survived. The following writings are a*- 
cribed to him : 1. ' Cummentaria in Ciceronem 
pro Muroello.' 2. ' Scholia in S4)phocl"'ra.' 
3. * Comment aria in EpistolasOvidiL 4.*Car- 
mina in ohitum Erasmi '(in Greek and Latin; 
printed in the book of' Epitaphs on Erumua,' 
Basle, 1527; Antwerp, 1537). Heolaotmu- 
lated into Latin Chrysostom's * De Provi- 



k 



Hemans 



3S-- 



Hemans 



dnCtft «t Ytu-x.' A lacur frss Utirir ro 

* Mitter PaJni«^ ' i« emkuJsrflil in * iLsmm* 
aad Ptpcn of tiw Ri^ ef Havr THI' 
(ix< iSS)t and aha o«» ti TAiJii i utf to him hj 

w flud Co uTe been ^Ln ia 1339, 

[TuntT'iBibLBriL-Bib D.a9«; WofldTipMti. 
i. M. 93: Wood's AUitne Oxon. L l*?; Dodds 
Chnicb Hiat i 211 : GiUov'* KhJ, Dkc &icIm& 
OitboJir*, iit. 2«4-6.] C. U K. 

TT" •— ' ilARLESISir»ORE(1817- 
! . VQonpefft ton of Felicia 

|liJKr:>>/i ii'^inniiJ [q. T.J, pWfMffy ms koTB 

ia 1817. He vrut m ^* "■'*■■■** bvv aad tke 
ripfyinl {kvouritv of Kii nncftiv. He seeon- 
]iiiniP(l btr in ft vi^it to Abbotsfcrd in 1^:29, 
iind WAS with hf)r nt the time of ber death 
in IKJTf. H<> \f{t England earlr in life, and, 
ii(\.«T TvMdlng in Tarioas places cm tbe cctv- 
tliu'iit, Anally settled in Rome and mode 
Itontaii biiitory and arch^^logr l»i» chief 
atti(l)'. !I^ was xht: oriKiDator in I&46 of the 

• H^rnnri Atlvifrttser,' ihe first Enf^Ush paper 
J' i tlie cilv. Ue helped to «ta- 
I-. . jliahArc^iJ'eological Society there 
in IbOO, and nft*i^ard« became it« honorarr 
•ccn!t«r>-nnd librarian. ToEngliihri^itorain 
HutDL'Qnd U> l-jiglishreaidants he vu always 
n frit-'titlly fruide, noted for hUamiabilitTand 
luodtuily,* and liia xrritingv are inralnaSle to 
students of Italian eccle.«ia8tical histoiT and 
arcliioology . j\^vi a »erioua illnen at operas 
in the eummer of 1876 he removed to the 
ItatliH of Lucca, T^herp he died on ilft Oct, 
] 870. He woa btiried io the proteataiic ceme- 
tery tliLTP. 

Homans TTBs tbe aulliorof: ). 'Catholic 
Italv/ pt. i. n<»ine and Hapol State*, I860, 
ii, ' Iriif Story of Slouumcnts in Rome and her 
Environs/ I'lon-nce, 1864-6. 2 parts. 3. 'A 
History of Ancient Chridlianity and Sacred 
Art in Ituly,' London, I860. 4. * A History 
of Medixval Christianitv and Sacred Art in 
Itoly, A D. 900-1460. In Rome from 1350 
to 1600,* 1809-72, 2 toU. A seouel to the 
previous work. 6. ' Hiatoric and Monumen- 
tal Rome/ a handbook, London, 1874. | 

[Timr?.. 3 Nov. 1876. p. 9; Atheoipuiii.4 Nov. 
I87G. p. COO; Aca<!einy, 4 Nov. 1870, f- ^51 ; 
Iawtbom's Last Autumn and Rfcotlcciion- of 
Mrs. ni!JDaii(>, 1836, pp. 327, 33A. 853, 372, i 
400; Chorl^v't! Menio-i> of Mr«. Hemant. l8Sfl, 
are dnlicatod to BeoTT and CbarK>s Hemana.l 

O.C. B. 

HEMANS, FELICLl DOROTHEA 
fl7y;^-1836), poetew, bom in Duke Street, 
Liverpool . on 26 Sept. 1 703, wa« the danifhter 

of Oporgf Browne, merchant, of Liverpool, and 
atoriniiine Imperial andTuscan consul there. 
Hc-r gTundfatluTWiifi George Browne of Pa»- 
Mge, CO. Cork. Her mother, Felicity, daugh* 



t«r of BeiMdctt Park Wi^erof Xarth UiB, 
anr WinA. b said to have hmm td nuqd^ 
Gcnsaa, I talian, and Loocaehire dcMsentut 
■octeaahad thtw brotfaere: SirTbomaf Hon 
fimrae^ K.CLH. < 1787-1855), -who diitia^ 
pBilMii buBielf in the Peninsular war; Lt^- 
utmaat^<tAoottl Gaocge Baxter Br\ir. 
a( on* tsDBeeluef ccmuniaaioQer of t h- 
lpelaad,wbovA9 alwn engaged to tin P :.-.- 
nla;aad CIaud>i Scott Browne. who iv&><K 
I pnty ■jgmatit c<nnmiaaar- 
Caabda,aBddiedatEiiur *> 

— ''•":*' Reference to tlit- i;l- I ;- u.-.i-i-- 1'\ li' 
>_irave«of aHon»eholii.' I«]i<ill«.r 

Li. 

neAr .\ _ ■ . ._ a ... -. 

waa broa|[ht up, hereducaiion ' n- 

tended by her mother, i^h- ^'. i J 

and precocious child, wii -. and re- 

tentive memory. She b';. : i if^ \-eTMi 

at an earlv age, and when she was fooitecD 
years old iier parent! were anwiffe «iu»|;h 
topobli&hher 'Poems* in a quarto voIubk 
(Liverpool, 1^08). She soon recovtrftd from 
tbe harsh criticism which the volume me\. 
with, and in the same vear published * Esf- 
Innd and Spain, or Valour and PatrioliflDfa 
Poem/ inspired by the enga^ment of her tvo 
brothers in the Peninsular war. Shelley aiW 
readinjf her first volume, and hearing froa 
his friend Medwin, who had met her, of her 
personal charm, wrote to h'ir inviting her to 
correspond with biro. Bat she declioed,ud 
when Shelley persisted in sending her fuitber 
letters, her mother i::! i^aid to bare intervened 
and to have induced Shelley's friends to makr 
him eoauewriiiiijr CDoWDEJff, Zt/e ofSJMUf. 
i. 4&-60). In lH12fihe-published*Dooi«ttf 
Affections and other PcM-ms.' 

Aftera threeyeara'attachmpn ' -:\<-4 

in 1812 Captain Ilemans, an 
man. who had served with lir:i rij^nnifnl 
(the 4th foot) in Spain. For a short tim* 
they lived at. Daventry, Northamptciudunv 
but returned to Wales. For some vneSr 
plained reason the union was severed ialSlS, 
after five children, all boys, had lie«n bra. 
Captain Hemans went abroad in that year, 
and never aaw his wife ajrain. 

Before the »>]>aration Mrs, Hemaau pub- 
lished two volumes, *The Restoration of th» 
Works of .Art to Itolv/ 1816, and * Modern 
Oreece/1817. In 18l8hervolumeof*Tran*- 
lationsfrom Camoens and other PoeU^came 
out. and in 18Ifl ' Tales and Historic Scenes-* 
In the latter veor she gained a priie for tbe 
best poem on t^e ' Meeting of Brucv and Wal- 
lace 'ipuWiphed 1S19). Inl820'Tbe8c«p- 
tic' appeared. She then mode the arqnauii- 
ance ol Reginald Heber [q. t.], aftermnb 




Hcmans 

bUhop of Ciilcutlo, who fncourapts,! Iier tu i 
produce another poem in defence of rvlijjioii, 
irhich she entitled ' Superstition and Error.' 
About the same time slie contribntetl somp 




1820. In 1821 ehe obtained the prize oflered 
by the Royal Society of Literature with a 
poem on Dartmoor. A volume called ''U^olsh 
Melodies* appeared in 1822, and she was 
about the same time induced to writ«a five- 
set trncL-dy, the' Vespfrs of Pnlermo.' Thin 
•was produced at Covent Gordon Theatre on 
12 iVc. 1^23. with C. JI. Vouni^, Clmrles 
KcmbU% and Mi>s Kelly in thn principal 
parts. It wae a tedious/spiritlewi P^^y, «n- 
suittnl to the sta^e, and was immediately 
withdrawn. It was shortly afterwarJs put 
nnthe boarda at Edinburgh with eome succi-ss. 
She nubsequentlv wrote twoolher play«, ' The 
Siege of Vnlencin; 182.% and ' De Chalillon,' 
neithyr of which was acted. In 1825, after 
a zealous etudy of the German language and 
literature, »he'publishe<] her ' Lfly.«» of many 
lAndfl ' and the ' Forest Sanctuary,' her own 
&T0Qrite among her works. In the second 
edition of the * Forest Sanctunn,*/ 1820, 
■ Caaabianca ' first appeared. The *' Itecords 
orWomen' followed m 1828, and the 'Songs 
of the Atfeciions' in 1830. In addition to 
these books she contributed to ' Blackwood's* 
and * Cotbum'a' magazines and other ])eTiodi- 
calft. Her reputation, which rapidly p*RW 
in this country, ext4>nded to America, whore 

rB collected edition of her poems was issued 
|kld2o br Professor Norton. 
P In 182^ she removed from Bronw\'lfR. her 
eldest brother's houiw, near St. A»aph, Klint- 
flhire, where she had lived since 1809, to 
' Ilhyllon, a house distant only a quarter of a 
nulo away Afterthedeathof her mother in 

!1837, her health, already impaired, showed 
aiffns of further failure, and \n the summer 
01 the following year she chanped her resi- 
dence to \V*a vert ree, near Liverpool. In July 
1829 she visited Scotland, and made the ac- 
qnftintance of Sir Walter Scott, and nfter- 
wuds went to the English lakes. There 
she met Wordsworth, who a few year? 
Istcr commemorated her in bin * Epitaplis,' 
No. xii. ftanza 10. On a second visit to 
Scotland she made the acquainlance of Lord 
Jefirey, In 1831 she removed to Dublin, 
where herswond brother was chief commis- 
sioner of polico. Ht-n?, while avoidinjr ppene- 
ral society, she enji.iyt^d the friendship of 
8tr "Willimn Rowati TtlaroiUon,Archbi8hop 
"Whatelv. and Ulanco White. At Dublin 
■he published two small volumes of religious 
Tcree, 'Hrmns on the Works of Nature,* 




Hemans 

!»».'(, una ' Hymns for Childhood.* 18;U(bat 
first published in 1827 in America), and in 
1834 'National Lyrics and Souirs forMusic.* 
and ' Scenes and Hymns of Life.* Her health 
was now completely shattered, and she ffra- 
dually sank until IttMay ISSTi, when fhettiiil. 
She was buried in St. Anne's Church, Dublin. 

In person Mrs. Hemans wan of the middli- 
heicht, well proportioned, her head beauti- 
fully lorroed ona ?ct. This is better shown 
in An^s Fletcher's bust of hor than in the 
portrait by W. E. West, as engrovcd by 
Scriven,or in onolhcr portrait by E. Robert- 
son (Gr4\ts, Li/e of Si'r Jf*. H. Jlamhtou, 
i. HOTt). She was bripht nnd attractive in 
conversation, in which h*T intellectual alert- 
nena was helped by her wide rpndin{;,linpiislic 
Bcqiiiromenis.and remarkable memory. .Maria 
Jane Jewsbury drew her portrait, under the 
name of ' E^eria,' in her * Tlm?e llLstorie*".' 

A collective edition of her works, with 
memoir by her sister, Mrs. Hughes, was pub- 
lished in ISSfl, 7 vols. 12mo: another, cnr">- 
nolog-ically arranged, in 1&J9, one vol. royal 
8vo. .\raon^ mnoy American editions is ono 
hy Oriflwold, with essay on her f^nius by 
11. T. Tuckerman, Philadelphia, l86(t. Her 
poems are stamped with feminine qualitiea; 
they have singular grace nnd lendernestii, and 
exhibit, an ardent sympathy with chivalry 
in every form. In her own day Lord Jeffrey, 
Byron, the Countess of Blessinfton, and 
Christopher North were among her admiring 
critics or readers. But herpoetry locks deep 
thoucht or subtle emotion, and although it 
had immense popularitv in its day, its Kwcet- 
ne9« and fluency have long palled upon the 
taste of thoughtful readers. 

Tier five sons were: Arthur, horn in I81l2 
and died at Rome in February 1837 ; Clnnde, 
who went to America in 18iSl ; George Wil- 
loughby, who was engaged in the oivjnanc^ 
survey; Henry WiUiam, who in 1835 be- 
came British consul at Buffalo, U.8.A., w«a 
I a contributor to the ' North American He- 
I view,' and died at Pard, Brazil, 20 Jum^ 
1871 ; and Charles Isidore Hemans [<\. v.] 

pirs. Hngbce's Momotr in coltertire edition, 
18;}9 ; W. M. Rossetii's edition, with Mamoir. 
187<^ , Mni. Iiiwrrnc«'i> La^t Autumn, &c., IBM; 
n. F Chorieya M>-morin1ii of Mni. Demani^ 
183A, 2 Toll ; ChurI«v'K Antliors of Esglaiid, 
i 1838 (with porirnit from Fleichera bust); 
Graves's Life of >iT W.Rowan Hnmiltpn. vol. i.; 
8. C. Hall's Hntroi'pKt, ii. Ae; Mmic Walts, n 
NnmtiTB '>f tii» Life, 1884. ii l£r ; MaryHowiu, 
anAmobtDgTAphy. tS89.vol.i.; £. W, Whattly'n 
RemHrkahln PeApla, 1$8{1, p. 176; Burke'a 
Landed fientiy. n. v. 'Browne of Bronwylfii;' 
many other refercoccs in Allibone's Diet, of 
AothoTP, i. 818.] C. W. 8. 



Heming 

HKMIlfO, EDMl'ND (Jl. 1(»5), pro- 
jector, wbo liffd ' neM the Still-varu in 
Thamw Street/ obtamtM] letters p*tvni about 
1684 coBTOving to him for a t^^rm of five 
TMfi tbe excliuive right of lighting Loadoo. 
lie nndertook for % moderate coandcratioB 
to plftce a light before rrerr tenth door on 
BoaolaB nignts from Mich&elmaAto Lady 
day. He alv) annuuIlc«:^l his readinftm to 
supply liglits in )iouj<«, ^tallies, yarJ», mines, 
*jv (or cfiftche-4 or horses ' that travel lata at 
night,' offering at the aame time to depict 
coata of amu or 'any other fancy' on the 
liglkta 'in a very curious manner/ His 
ttdiEone mat with opposition. lie was espe- 
cially harassed by one Vematti, 'who set up 
the glaaa ligbta in ComhiU,' and by certain 
<jf the city companie«, who feared that his 
pmject would provi,* destructive to their par- 
firular imdf^. The lord mayor and court of 
aldermen after many hearings ia»ued a pre- 
cept recommendine the 'naw lifhta'to all 
the wardmotes and gentlemen oi the queate 
in London. Feonug that his serranta might 
be corrupted by his enemies, Heming looked 
after his lights nlmself at midnight, and again 
at four or five o'clock in the morning, and 
became in consequence sehoualy ill. In 
1680 want of funds ohli<^ him to take 
partnom. who, as he relates in a printed 
* C'aae* ( 1089), brought him to the verge of 
iMnkruptcy by pirating hia invention and 
refusing to contribute th>>ir fuU shara of 
expenses. ITeming laid before the Houae of 
Oommonn, in I>ecember 1H95, printod pro- 
jKMtals for raising eight millions of money by 
imposing a duly on beds at twopence per 
week each bed for four years and u half (LuT- 
TRHLL, liriff UUtoricnl Relation, iii. 663). 
The ftlwunlity of the scheme was pointed out 
in some anonymous < Ubjectiona published 
in the same year. 

[Macaolay's Htat. of Eaglanil, chsp. lij.] 

O. G. 

HEMINQ or HEMMINGE, JOHN 
(rf. 1030}, actor, and one of thu two editors 
of the first folio edition of S hakes pt>u re's 
plays, is supposed by Malono to hftve boon 
bom about I6f)6 at Shottery, nearStratford- 
*)n-Avon. These conjectures rest on the 
fact thallwofamilieaof the name of Heming, 
IbolU of thom owning a John, lived in S!iot- 
tery early in the reign of I01i7.abeth. and on 
TheapplicationtollHmmlu^dof theitemi'dd' 
by Ben Jonson iiv hi:i mii«|u«or M^hristmos,' 
presented at court in l(im(JoNsoN. Work-t, 
«d. 1810, Tii. 277). Jonson speaks of Hem- 
ing as if he exercised quasi-managerial func- 
tions, jirobably those of treasurer, in connec- 
tion with the king's company (known be- 



Hcming 



ft>re Jaaea'a rcwa as the lord ciumberiua's 
men). A eoaacll warrant, daxal 3 0X1.1590, 
dlrvctcd tlie payment of 30JL {oC wkich lOL 
was an additional donceor) to Heasiaff ud 
Fboe * for three interiudea or pUyta (iijW 
before her Ma*^ on St. SCcptKBS sayc at aab« 
New-year* dare at nifffat, and SZtronevMif 
at night Ia<4 past * {Ertrarts from Aetamit 
of Court liereU, Shakesp. Soc., ed. CoBsias* 
bam, p. xxxit). A 6imilar aum wu 
to John [lemvnges and Richard 
31 March IO0r(-5), and entrie* of 
continue nntil IGIS. That Kis dot 
lart^ely financial may be gathc^red, 1 
the fact that he is associated with i 
lively few characters. Malone states \ 
a tract, th«^ name of which he had fo 
Heming * i« said to have been the on% 
performer of KoUtafl".* John Roberta, in 'Aa 
Answer to Mr. Pope's pr»»face to Shakespean. 
By a t?tn>lUDg Player,* 17^, sajns that hs 
was a tragedian, and that in oonjunetioa 
with Condell he followed the baaioeas of 
printing, etatem(^nt« of which there is oo 
confirmation. In his will he dMcribes hint- 
self a citixenandgrooerof London. Hemii 
plaved in the ' First Part of King Ilenry \\ 
and in many plays of Ben Jonson, incld 
ing *Every 'Slan in his Hamour,' *ETe 
Man out of his Humour.' 'Sejanas/*V< 
pone,' and *The Alchemist.* An tmcos 
plimentary allusion to him in a 
upon the piltiful buminirof the Qloh. 
house in London' in 1613 casts somel 
upon his histrionic capacity. Two 1 
the sonnet nm : — 

Thon with sirolne eyns, like drnnekta FIcB- 

mingef. 
Oislreued stood old sluttemig Hemiogev 

( HAtLlWBi.l^ Pif TLLIPPS, Outlines tiftJte a 
of Shakcftpeare, i. 285. cd. !8Srt). 

Before Glijcabcth's donth Heming was prifl 
cipal proprietor of the Globe nluyhouse. 
the new license granted by James I to i 
plovers then known as the king's company^ 
17 May ltK)3, the name of 'John UeuningHj 
standgfiflh. Shakespeare and Rurbafcstan' 
ins respectively second and third, while Con 
dell stands ftlxth (i^. ti. B2). In a secoa 
authentic patent, dated 27 March 1019,1 
name stands first. A Htntement chat be,' 
tojTfthcr with Burbage, was summoned on 
15 March 1615 before tht* privy council, is 
his capacitv of leader and neprf sentai iveof tli 
company, ioT having disobeyed the injunctio, 
of tne lord chamberlain by playing id Lenti 
seems to rest on the testimony of Collie 
He was for many years heforv 1016 closel] 
associated with Shakespeare, whobequeathe _ 
* to my fellowea, John Ilemynges, Richard 



Hemini,^ 



58i 



Ileminirford 



rbfl^, and Heitn- Cuudell, JXV)' viij* a 

po to buy them riiip*"9.* 

His cliiel fumi* rfsls ou tlit' puIiUi-nlion by 
himself nnd Condrll in U}2^^ vt t\w first cd- 
lecte<l edition of .SIiiik'**i>*'iirv. lIi- sljfns fii".*t 
the dediL-niioti to l)ii> Urntliera William, t'url 
uf Penibnilif, and IMiilip.earlof Mojiljrotncry, 
iiml ibe nddreR5 'to llie (rrcnl variety of I 
r«adfrft'[soenn(lorro.vi>Ki,t.,llb-NBY,rf. iHi"]. j 
l''rom tlii« timt.' he ii* ttiippom^d to have rcoiMra 
to act, thoitg'h hiK nonii' &p[>t'ar$ in 10:^5 n<c 
u menilMT of the comimny. IK' was, with 
C'lithWrt 15iirhaffP and others, an overseer of 
the will iif Ilia friend CondtdUand received for 
the st'nice '»/. to buy a piecfof plato. lie died 
10 Oct. I ft W> lit hisi lioiijse in Ahh-rmanbiin', 
BIftlone-«u«pefi*nftln' pliigtii^iiiid was buried 
on ibi* llfth. llirt will, which iit ifiveu in full 
by Maliint' and by CuUior, whjt bijciiwI on the 
I'lth. In thishe S|>ttaki« of the f-uveral parts 
which hf lias br le&j>« in the playhouses of 
Ihe <.tlolM> and Blackfrtarti. 

John Hommini^c, ^(Mit., of St. iliehnel, 
Cornhill, obtained a lieenae i't March 1 587-S,l 
lo marrv, at St. MaryV, Aldemianbury, lle- 
becca Ivnell, widow, reliel of William Knell, 
gent . , hit e of St. Mary'i*, A Idermaiibiir)- 

tClIiyrEB, L"»*ffin Marringr /,u^»re^). Mr?. 
Knell wad widow of William Knell, the co- 
tniflinn mentiniii-<l with npptau.<e by ThomaR 
J ley wood {Ajh^lfrtjy for Acton, p. W, ed. 
Shakespeare Society ). 1 1 is wife having died 
und U-en buried in St. Mar)'B, Aldennan- 
bury, 2 S4;pt. UJ11>, he left hi* property, 
chuxt<d with certain lKt|uerit«, umoni; hi« 
descendants. l)urin|f ihfirthirly-two years' 
joint residence in the parish of St. Mary'ii, 
Ald>>niiiud)iiry, Heminp and his wife bad 
A large family. The part-'h nfrinters Hupply 
«ntrie9 of the baptism of eight damfhler* 
and five *nt\ii lK'lw4t^'n 1 Nov. I'iDO aud 
21 June ItlU, and of the burial of two of 
ibew daughter'4 and one of the sons as in* 
<kntfl. Ueiiiide>i iheso children a daughter 
Marptr»'t is mfUtione<l in hij» will, and Ma- 
lone mentionfi anothfr, lteatric»*, while Syn- 
nerton, an infant, whom ('oilier declarer to 
tuvc been thi la*( ebihl, wna buried H .Inne 
1613. Tlie .ion, William Hnming, who wa* 
!efi «ol« executor, u separately noticed. 

fjnhn pHvnu f'ullliT*-* Annals of llic Stacc. 
1370, Bii}>piiL's full tut ofien untntstworlliy 

Sarfiralara coner-rtiinir llrnimg. Sw furihfr 
[aIuh?!! lliBtoricid AfC^ont of the Kafttiah 
f tape, 1800 ; Uhalmcrsi'* Supplement ; Vari'irmn 
Shftke-'poarcrol. iii ; Hidlinell-Phillipp»'» Out- 
line of Oio Lifi* of .SbakcBiHwn:, nad ('uariing- 
bum*" AfCoHDis fif the KeveU at Court giro 
lurtbcr information. 5lr. Kleay'a jajXT oh tho 
• Actor Lictj..* Kojal Iliitoriral Sorioty'n Tnin'*- 
Bcii-ni. IRfll. ix. 14-81; Wurnor'a Cat. of Dul- 
JOU XX T. 



uii'U 3JSS. ; tiunc-ts Acamtit of th'' KugliKh 
Stitg«i and Ilttkrr. Ileml. mid JonrVn Bio^^niph'a 
I>rtMn»ttt:A. tn«T n'.si> I.. LMosulifl.! .1 K. 

HEMINOorHEMMINOE.wrLLIAM 

{ft. MVi'J), dnimatiiit, niulh child of John 
llemtng 'J. v.'; tbecimedian.wa.<i baptised on 
li < »ct. liWJal Si. Mary"», Aldenimnbury. Ho 
waseilucated at Westminster School. whenc*j 
in I'il'l he wii? ejectej n king's hcholar at 
Cbrif*! liiureh, ( 'xford. lie did not matricn- 
Ititetill KL't.btil grndiiatedB.A.inlt)35,Bnd 
M.A. in ]iW8. In I'J.'M> Im acted as executor 
to hi« futherV will, whi-net' it iK inffrnsl that 
he wji.^ the eldea) surviving «m, Thedate of 
hi^ death cunnnt l>t< precisely llxeil. In the 
dtMlirjitioii of lii,« ' I'alol Contnict* ( lfi53) to 
the Karl mid Countess of Northampton, il is 
stated llmt the work was corapused by 'a 
wort by gentleman at hmirsof his recess from 
happier employments.* lie ma^t have died be- 
fore thin I itne, but u •• do not know what were 
his 'happier employments.* Ui^ extant wnrka 
are : 1 . * The 1- alal Cont ract, u l-'r»'«cb Tra- 
gedy.* London, liioit, 4to, which according to 
the dedicut ion ' had .<mflered very much by pri- 
vate tmitscript^Twhero it paased thro ugh many 
bandit oa a curiosity of wit and Ungtuge.' 
In tlu! rtMgn of Charles 11 it was re\'ivitl, 
and changed but not improved by IClkanah 
Settle, under the tith* of ' Love and ll*'venge.' 
In lt>l?7it wa* reprinted from the teJitof lt]53, 
but with a new title, ' The Kunuch.' Amid 
much e-\lrttva;ninre, it show* wiroo power. 
2. ' Tlie Jewe» Tnigiwly, or their fatal and 
fiual overthrow by \'us|HL'iian and Titus his 
aon, itgreenble to the aulheutick and famous 
History of Josephu*,' London, \V^'2, 4t<i, 
Wood adds that Homing 'left bi-Uind him 
greater monuments of hi* worth and ability' 
than l!ie-*e plays. A comedy by Homing 
called 'The Coursingeof the llare,ortln» Mad 
Cap,' was acted at the Fortune Tlu'at re. Ki^W- 
1(^*13, but in no hmger extant, and is naid to 
have bi'»'n among thoine deslroye*! by War- 
burtou'ii eiiok(M*,U)XE,A'AaAM;>frt/r,iU. 198). 

|[t4l(vr-t ]li'>i;. Dnmmlim: Wnod'a Athnair, 
iii. 277. vXiimmi >Vet.tnwn. p, Ul.] T. E. J. 

HEMINOFORD or HGMINOBUROH, 
W\\LTEK Diit/. I3(t0), aU. called WAt-TKIi 
DeGij'BIK.v, chronicler, was an Austin canon, 
and afterwanhi anb-prior of St. Mary's, Gis- 
bum, Yorkfdiire. There is no doubt that 
Htrmingburgh is thecorrpct form of the name; 
it in the one givt-n in I^ansdowne M.S. 23P, 
which ia one of the earliest and best copirg 
of the chronicle, in the U<vii*ter of Arcl:- 
bitihop Cnrhridge, and in a vol iime of sermona 
preM-ntcd by liim to hii^ prior)- church (MS, 
Iti-g. 3 A xiii.) Leiand likewiM< nlwaya 
(rpfoks of him as Uemingburgh, and wvom 

c c 



Heiningford 



386 



Hempel 



other members of the family of Heiningburffh 
-were oonnectcKl with (lisbiim priory at the 
end of the thirteenth tentiiry. Kale in 1519 
IB the first writer tu ciitl him lleminf^fonl ; 
in moKt niRiiuKcriitta of his chrunicle be U 
Hescribcfi lut Wiilter de Gisburn. lie may 
be the * Walter da IIpmin(rbiirc:h, cbftplain/ 
alluded to Id the ' Yorkshire Hundred Roll * 
for l*27o-6: he woe certainly at Giftbiim in 
121>7 iCh-on. ii. 130, 131), and waa sub- 
prior in 1902, when he was sent with two 
other monks by his prior to confer with the 
Archbishop of York as to some disorders 
tliAl existed at Gisbum (CoRBttinfiE, Jifffi*' 
tfr). Sir T. Uiiftus Hardy (C«/. Brit, Hut. 
iii. 2>V1) thinks this the latoiit dnt« nt which 
he is rt'ferrcd to ns being alivtt. but tbt- volume 
of sermons alreodv mentioned sefma to have 
been preiiented in 13U~, and he certainly 
ftiun'ived Archbishop Wiuehelsea (rf. 1813) 
{Chron. ii. 148). It is, however, hardly poft- 
81 hie that he is the* Walter d« (iiwhume/ 
pri"-'9l , who wftfl, at thn n-comnuMi tint ion of the 
prior and convent of Gisburn, in»>ritut4xl to 
the vicarage of Stranton, within thi! bishopric 
of Iliirhatn, in l-'l-'lK (^Mntjistrum Palntinum 
Dunf!ltf\fn»e^ Rolls Sori'^s, iii. :J2M). The his- 
torical chronicle of English AfTairs which 
bean bis name commences with the Norman 
conquest and ends in 1 346 ; how much of this 
is actuolly his compoution aeenifi uncertain. 
The earliest manuscripts of the chronicle close 
Avith 1297, hut the chronicler in his preface 
dintinrtly stnle;^ his intention of carrying bis 
work down to 1300. In oiih manuscript y Laniv- 
dowue No. ^3i), in British Muspum) it. is 
brought down to 11^7, and in another (MS. 
C. C. C. Cant. i*50) it is continued down to 
134fl, hut with a gap from 1315 to 1327. That 
Homingburgh wrote as far as the end of the 
reign of Edward 1 is almost certain; the re- 
mainder, or at least the reign of W ward 1 1 1, 
is more probably the work of a conlinuator. 
The whole work forms om- of the most valu- 
able of our medimval chronicles, as well for its 
vigorous and pleasing style as for the accu- 
racy of its information ; it displays good j udg- 
ment, clearness of perception, and modera- 
tion of opinion. The early part of the chro- 
nicle down to 1105 is derived from Endmer, 
Uoveden, Henry of Iluntingdnn, and "Wil- 
liam of Newburgh. In the later portion no 
particular nnrrative is closely followed, and 
from the beginning of the reign of Edward I 
it assumes the t^luirfict'-r of w contemporary' 
recjrd. Many original documents are pre- 
served in the narrativp^ including tin- Latin 
version of the ' Statutuni de Tallagio non 
concedendo.' The chronicle down to Ii?72 
is included in Gale's * Scriptores Quinque,' 
ii. 453-694, and the remainder was printed by 



Heame in 173!. The whole was editul 
thi' English Historical Society by Mr. 11. 1 
Hamilton in 1848. 

[I>laDd's Comment, de SeripL. p. S05, 
Collcet. ii. 314 ; preface lo 0(imiltoa's cdiiiMi: 
Hanlr')* Descriptive OnU of MSS. rebuiaff taU« 
Kftriy Hist, of Great Briuiu.] W. J. H-i, 

HEMMING (f. 1096). cluonicler. wu 

i:ub-prior of Worcester during t\w rpiscopait 
of n»hop "Wulstan irf. lUHJ ),at whasc reqof«i 
he compiled the chartulary of the church r-f 
NVorct-'Ster, still extant in Hemming* otiti- 

graph in MS. Cotton. Tiberius A - '■ 

the title ' l)e ecclesia? Yigom 
tioneprivik»gii«et poB»eMiionibu^, i . — . . 
in.'^ertt'd some pieces of his own coiuU'j-iTtin: 
in the volume, including a life of W uUfftri^ 
which was print edbvW'hanon in his 'An 
Sacra ' (i. o41), and \a reprinted in M'19 
'I'atrologia' (cl. 1489-94). This life. thoB 
written as prose, seems to be really in Tvn 
Some other cxtnu'l* are given in Ditgdel) 

* Mnnaaticon,* vol. i. The whole chartula 
which is a valuable collection uf docume 
was editfd by Hpame, ' Heiningi Chartull 
rjum EccltwiH) Wigomiensis,* Oxford, 17:J8 

[Tttunprs BiW. Brit.-TIiK p. 391; Wrig 
Biog. Brit. Lit., ^Anglo-Xorroan PeriwU p. 
Ildnly's Cat. Bnt. ITisl. i. 811, 11. 73. 9^9 Jin 
(RolUScr.f] C. L K. 

HEMPEL, CHARLES or CARL FKl 

PKRICK (IHIl-I.S<>7), musical compoH 

elileat sonofClmrk's William Hi^mpel [q.v,] 

WHS bom at Truru, Corn%vull. in t5eptemb 

1^11. Having under his father^ care 

ceiV'Ml a sound musical education, he l>ecsi| 

o teacher of mu.«ic at Truro. In I'^" 

began writingand publishing song.<,the fil! 

being dwlicatiHi to theCnuntoMof Falmoid 

and entitle<l * IIi>avo one sigh for me 

parting.' He also composed and priat|| 

pmnoforteaud dance music. About l>44l 

succeeded his father ai* organist <if .St. Ma 

' Church, Truro. Hi* was one of thefirsi lo 1 

troduceintoCornwall choral performanci'i i 

' a large scale. On 1 1 Feb. I'Vio he luatrieulata 

(from Magdalen Hull. Oxford, and on 

I loth of the same month took the deg 

of baclielor in music. On 10 March \i 

* The Seventh Seal,' his oratorio for til 
] degree of doctor of music, was perfonnf 

in the Sheldnnian Theatre, and he receiv 
his degree next day. Four pieces 
thi<» tiratorio werp printed 1HH4-0, and t\ 
' author was busy preparing the compW 
work for tlie press at tJie time of his deal] 
He n-tiN an unwearied student of music, f 
devoted himself more to the theory than \ 
the practice of his art. In 1857 he 1 
organist and choir-master to St. John'a Ep 



Hempel 



387 



Hemphill 



acopal Churcb at Perth, i le waa conductor of 
the l*erth Choral Union and of the Kutvrpean 
Society. iloaJsocoDtiniitid his teacliing and 
compcwefl many pieces of tight muiur'.. lir 
died at Perth of congestion of the lungs, ou 
26 April 1(*«7. 

[Choir tuid HoHicAl Record. 18 Mht 1867. p. 
960. Oxford Unic Herald, 2'i Maivh »'a02. p. 8; 
Woat BhtoD. 10 Muy 1867. p. I. nud 17 May, 

6, 6; Pertbehire Courier. 30 April 1867. p. 2; 
OBM and Coartnoy's Bibl. Corniih. i. i'il-H, 
wboro a list of hiir com poet itioutt ia given, iii. 
1226 ; Bonse's Collvetansa Comubii>DAm, p. 349.1 

Ci, C. B. 

HEMPEL, CHARLKS WILUAM 

(1777-lH.Vi), mnKiciil comparer, was bom at 
Chtdi^ea, Middli'nex, on '2S Aujf. 1777, and 
tbowiug yt'TV curly indicationn of muoicoi 
talent waa placed under the tuition of his 
relatiTc, Augustus F. C. KoUman, organist 
aod composer. TTo made rapid prf>tm't<«, and 
at the ftgc of eight perfnrraiHl durinfr tbn 
aervica at the king's Itermnn chajtel, 8t. 
Jamee'd. He wa^ placvd later at a lK>ardinf,f- 
scbool in Surrey, where all liifi leijiure time 

' was devoted to muxic and drawing:. In 
1793-4 he waa on the continent, chicflv ot 
Ijeipcigand Dresden, where ho cultivated liis 

1 taste lor muflic. iN'ot Kndiug emploTineiit 
in Loudon, he r*-'moved to Truro in Cornwall, 
where in Mav 1S04 he waa elected orgu- 
nist of St. Mary's Church. He held this 

'post for forty rears, HUppleinenttcg his in- 

' come by t«sching mu.tic. In lb05 he com- 
iHised and printed ' Ft^aluia from the New 
Verwon for the use of the CongreaTition of 
St. MarTV«»tl itt iHlS'Hacnd Melodies' 
for the same con^n^gat ion. The^e meloilies 
b^K^me Ten* poptdar, and some of them arc 
Dlill found in musical cnllections. 'A Morn- 
ing and Evening Ser\'ice, twenty Original 
Melodies, and two Anthems/ dedicated to 
the Hon. George Pelhara, hishop of Lincoln, 
WHS puhlinhed in 18:^0. Kur th** use of hia 
pnpilt* in 1^-2 he prinU'^d an ' Introduction 
lo the Piannfdrte, comprising Klementan,' 
Instruction, with a aeriea of Practical Los- 
Mins.' Hempel olso became known as a poet 
in 18:2t! b^ hia work entitled ' The Commer- 
cial Toonst, or Gentleman Trnvtdlerr a sati- 
ricn] P«™ iu four cantos.* This book was 
cmbeUished with coloured engravings de- 
signed and etched hv J. R. Cruikshank, and 
in 1832 went to a thinl edition. In his later 
life be removed In Exeter, where be made an 
improvident seooud marriage. His doalb 
is involved in some obscurity. Tlie 'AVewt 
Briton ' stAtea that he died at hi.i son's resi- 
dence, WoUingham Place. Kennington Road, 
London, on 14 March 18i>5; but a more trust- 
worthy source, the registrar^neral's return, 



says that after acting aaa banker's clerk he 
died in the workhouse, Princess Road, I.^m- 
both, London, on 14 March ]8o5. 1 1 is eldest 
son was Charles or Carl Frederick Hempel 

[q.v-] 

[A Diet, of Mustcians. 1827, i. 3fi9.6l> ; Boosa 
and Coartney's Bibl. Comub. i. 228; Itoaae'ii CuU 
Uctunea Comobienaiti, p. 34 1>.] O. C. B. 

HEMPHILL, HARIUP^V (r/. lKia>, 
noveliitt, was youngest daughter of Pulrick 
Hare, rector of Golden in the county of 
Tipperarv. and repreeentative of the Irish 
family of Clare nfthefept of theO'IJeir. t»he 
married John Hemphill (tl. IW^W) of Cashcl, 
whow family had long been settled nt Ralh- 
krany. She died G Slay 185H, h-aving one 
»on, Charles Hani Hemphill, (j.C. 

Mrs. Hemphill wrotemuch for amusement, 
and began to publish by the advice of Tho- 
mas Crt^flon Croker [q. r.^, a connoction by 
marrioge. Her first publirihed work was a 
story in the 'Dublin I'niversitv Magazine' 
for 1638, called ' The Royal Confbiwion.' She 
alsoirrote: 1. ' Lionel Deerhurst, or Fashion- 
able Life under the Regency,' London, 1816, 
8vo. This was edited by tlie Cotintess of 
Rlessington. 2. 'The Priest's Xiece,' a novel, 
London, lH5o,Svo. 3. ' Freida the Jongleur/ 
Loudon, 1867, Hvo, an historical novel. 

[Information from C. H. Heiaphill, Q C. ; 
Burke's X^iuded Gentry, p. 680: GonL Hag. 
cciv, 685.] W. A. J. A. 

HEMPHtLLj SAMUEL (#/. 1741).Di»h 
preHhyterian minister, was a nativeof Ulster, 
and probably trained for the miniittry in one 
of the presbyterion academics in the north 
of Ireland. He appears to hav entered at 
Glasgow CoUt^ on 5 March 171ti, and to 
have received the degreeof M.A. nn 30 April. 
In 1718 he received a call from the new con- 
gregation of Castleblayuey, co. Monaghan, 
and was ordained by Augher presbytery on 
24 Dec. Shortly after he entere*! the mi- 
nistry, there broke out iht* non-»ub«riptinn 
eontniversv, coincidt<nt with the pacing of 
the Irish deration Act, 1719, which waa 
without the coudiiion of &uhscrti»tion. Hu 
Totei with the sub&criberf, ana made his 
mark among them by issuing (17:2:2) one of 
the ablest pamphlets on that side. In June 
1723 he waa present at the meeting of gene- 
r.kl synods in Dungannon, co. Tyrone, and 
was placed on the synod's committee. Soon 
afterwards he was at 1'Idinburgh. Chsrh's 
Mastortown [tj. v.], the fon^most roan of his 
party, sent hiin while there ft pamphlet bear- 
ing on the controversy for revision. He re- 
ceived the degree of M.A. at Edinburgh on 
21 Jan. 1726. On 2tj May he issued from 
Castleblayney his lost publication, in which 

c c i! 



[enchman 



38« 



with great skill he returted upiMi S^imuel 
lloUdny [q.v,] thrpalmonftrg-mnent of the 
non-sub«cnbfcr». lrRitb»cri|itioti Ih? tiiiacrip- 
turaJ, urgetl Hemphill, e({ually so is every 
intithod propoeeU hy the non-tu!>s<:riher8 for 
aacertaiiuD^ the fitiiesii of n mlniiiter. Tlir* 
publication was foUowcU by thi! ejiK-tion of 
non-cubscrilMTS from the ftyiii^ ut the Juno 
meeting^- Though he hrnl dt-Aerred well of 
iiu part^-, he wqa loft to stpugj^le with the 
difficultiesof afrontiercoMgregatioii. In 1729 
he WM callwi to the new contfregntion at 
Antrim, forniiHl by th<Mip who hiid wilhdniwn 
from the niinistrj- uf John Alxrnethy ) I<V*0- 
1740) [q. V.]; I he aviioI, however, would imt 
permit bitii (o rcmoyt', I|o fell into |h'cii- 
tuary ditticulties.and died on :^8 March 1741. 

llempLLll published: 1. ' Some l^icneral He* 
marks . . .on the . . . Connirtt^ncy of Sub- 
ficriblnff, ^:c.' [Belfast r"*. 1722, 8vo (anon.; 
nclcnowlcdgcd later). 2. l*rt>facw to Mas- 
tertown'a ' Apolopy for the Northern Pres- 
byterians,' &.C., Uluntrtiw, I7:i3, 4to ( valimble 
lor the account of the proceedings at the 
(jeneral synod of that yenr). :i. *The Tliinl 
Page of Mr. Abernethy"« Preface. . . coiwi- 
dered.'&cBelfa:*!, 1725, 8vo. 4. *A Lfltt«r 
to the Elev. Mr. Samuel Holiday, &.c./ Dub- 
lin, 1726, 8vo. 

[Cat. of Bdiuborgh Graduates, IB.'tS, ^. 169; 
Itctd'a Hist. Pnab. Church in IrL-liiiid (Ivilleu). 
1867. iii. 149. 168, 201; Witherow'» Uist. itiid 
Lit. Mem. of Pre-liyteriitnism in Ireland, 1879, 
i. 260 pq. ; Killen'5 Hirt. Con^r. Presb, Church in 
Jrtlaiid, ISSfl. pp. 17. 81 ; extnu^tsfrom Minutes 
of GynonJ Syood ; n-oords of Gluagi>ir Uuiver- 
isity, pT W. J. Addison, esq.] A. 0. 

HENCHMAN, HUMPHKEY, D.D. 

(l5(hi-lG7''j>. bishop of Salisbury and sub- 
sequently of Lnndnn, the third souofThotnas 
Henchnian, skinner, of the city of London, by 
his wife Anne tirililtlis, duug:ht«r of Uobert 
Griffitlis of Carnarvon, was bum at Itartou 
ScagrovL', Northainptonsbin'. iu the liouao of 
Owen Owens, (he rector uf the parish, whose 
wife was his mother's ulster. He was bap- 
tised there 22 Doc. 15i>2. His family wasof 
long stantling in the coiinty of Northomp- 
Ifln. Ho umtriculaled at riirist'a College, 
Cambridge, iHDec.KJOJXB.A. 1612-13, M.A. 
lOlC. B.D. 1(123, ami D.I). 1628). About 
1016 he became one of the first two fellows 
on tbo Freeman foundation at Clare Hall, 
his grandmother lieing a m*nr kinswoman of 
the founder. He resigned his fellowship in 
Marnb 1622-3 on his appointment to the 
prBcentorahip, tosrether with a prebendal 
Mla11,inHalitthnry Cuthe<lml. lie married the 
niece of John Davenant, bishop of Salisbury 
[q. v.] Ho was also rector of Uushton, North- 
amptonshiro, from 4 MaTl624; of Westbury, 



AVilr^hin-, on his own pre*ent«tiou in right 
of liis precent/irship ( HW 1 ) ; and of the \Av 
Portland till 1(143. As cjinon re^duntiarT • 
Salihburj* he wn* diatin^uistied for hi* Iwh 
pitality, for the regularity uf his atteiidana 
at the cathedml servicer, niiil for the nun 
ho took to wciin- reverenre in ihechtifrhiti 
a more dignified non-monnit ut the altar. 
told Walton that hehad tak<<n p»rt intit-^ifL'"' 
Herbert's ordination by Itiihdp Davciiani. 
and * within le»8 tlian threo vi^ar^ leoi hi* 
shoulder to carry his dear friend to the gran*' 
{I/iMf. AfSS. (.'omm. 4th Uep. p. 130). lb- 
great rebellion deprived Hi-n<:famun.ustauncii 
royalisi, cf all hia preferrat-nt*. Hlr* r>s!.ir\ 
house and librart'al Porllan<l wer- 
and he had to pay 200/. fnrconi]>"- 
the |Mrliamentarians (Walker, ^;7/ -• 
ii. 2(U). Ho resided in a private iMt);n :'^ ^i 
the Clo.vi at Salisbury, whence ho kept up 
a (Micret correspondence with the Fr)valul 
leaders. He wa« maiiUy instrumenial in ar- 
ranging for the escape of Charles II from 
Kntrhind after the battle of Worcesttir in 
l6oI, On 13 Oct. Henchman rory early in 
tb»? morning conducted the king fn>m Hclf 
Hou.**e, near Salisbury, to C'lartaidon Park 
Corner (Lord Clarendon's statemont thil 
Henc'bm&u met Oharlea at Stonehenge b er- 
roueout), whence he reached Brighton anJ 
cro&sed safely to France ( Do^rodel Trar/e, 
pp. SO, 175, 277, 278; CiaUKNDoK, H^kHi"*. 
U. iii. n. 3:11). 

Until tho restoratioQ of 16G0 nenchmaa 
appears tohave lived unmolested at Sali^biirr. 
HeforeOharlea returned he corre-iponded witli 
Hvde as to filling the vacant bishoprics an'l 
other church dignities, and was inRlniclt^ 
by him to convey to those who ojienly an- 
ticipated preferment the king's del^nuina- 
tion not to bestow it on any who asked far j 
it (Kennitit, Register, p. 818; OijiKfLVDOV,^ 
Corrc'pondenty^). His friend Evelyn, th 
diarist, supped with him, l-'came, OanningJ 
'and other discreet and learned divines, f 
confessors, and (;.xcellent persons, 9 Dec. V'^^ 
being our fast day ' (Diary, iL KW). Kveln 
says that he heard Henchman preacit oq 
' Ohrifillan Circnraspectton,' 8 July 1660, tht 
datfi of the public restoration of the anglicaa 
liturgy [ifi.) The king's personal obligatioD 
to Henchuian.and hu reputation as * an emH 
ncnt example of primitive Cbristianiiv,' le 
to his election (28 Oct. 16<i0) to the are 
Salisbury, vncated by Bishop Duppa's i 
lation to Winchester. At Salisbury beat 
onr*i set about the restoration of theoatliednd 
and the palace of^er the devastations of the 
puritans. He ^restored and perfected the 
upper chamber,' which forms the domeslic 
chapel, and consecrated tt, witether for \h 



Henchman 



389 



Henchman 



firat time or ne a rt'cxmrn^cnition ufttr tlm 
profanatinn of tlm puriUn nile js uncerlain. 
lit? waa jMipular in liw diocese, and was re- 
wivt'd with uHneral demon«(rat ions of rt-j^nn! 
at his vi*.itatJon« (KKVXFrTT, Jii^/inffr, j>.771 ). 
In I*jt(l ho wnfl on<? of tho epiwojml mem- 
bers of I be Savoy conference, in wbirli lie 
took un inHuentiii] port, and imprestipd even 
the leaders of lh«i opposite party with lil« 
•most grave, comely, and reverend nspect.' 
Itaxtpr snys *he utxiku calmly and i^lnwly, 
nnd not very oft, i>ut !ie vrna oa hi(;h in him 
principles and rcAuIiitions n» any,' and adds 
tliat 'lie, (^itnntnc', and Tosiu were the only 
thre^ who eltowed iniirh inaig'ht in the fntliers 
and councils; in this tlu-y were ln-ttcr than 
Bnvnfeither p«rtv'(BAXTEH,J!<»/rff«i/ Time*, 
pp. atSff.) 

Ilt'uehman remained at Sn1i<)l>ury les<t t ban 
thr»?e years, succeeding Sheldon in tlie see of 
l^ndon 1 Sept. UMi'J. The same year he was 
ajmointed lord high almtmer, Neillier nt 
Salisbury nor in London did he ^ive' I rouble 
nr diRturbance to thft nonconformist h' f Kr\- 
SETT. Rfgiitfer, p. HlH). During the yreat 

Iila^*"^ <''f l^^M-fi he set a noble example to 
lis cler^ by remaitiin)( tirmlv at bis post. 
In rt-ply I0 an inf|niry from Lord Arlinpf- 
t*in. H'^nchman stated that mo^t of bis own 
ofKciaU bad deserted him, but that the sober 
clergy remainetl, that nonconfonnistti had 
not occupied vacant pulpits, (but attendance 
at public worship had ^freatly incre»<4ed,and 
that be w-a? busily ' making colleclionii and 
t«.kint( counsel as to ihe best di.stribution 
of the money among the po<)r'(tii/. Staff 
Paper*, cxxvJi. 4i>", .''>24(. Ilenehnmn at- 
tended the parliament meelinc that year at 
Oxford and occupied the lon^ngs of the 
wanlen of Wndham, giving the collect* 20/. 
to buy books f Wood, ed. dutch, p. t(0*2). Thi- 
next year St. I'ltul's Cat tied rol ycnt, ihv^t roved 
in th'* gn-iit fin.'. Jlencbmnn had previously 
lAki-Mi ft livt-'lv interest in it,-* restumtion (cf. 
LTX, Dianj, ii. MrtI), and now made 
miiouN «-xertion.'« for itA rebuilding. He 
ve an annual subscription to the work from 
bin own ]Hinu-, anil 1et*t u bequest towaixls 
tt-i e<>mpb-tion in his will, lie also restored 
the episcopal palace in Alder*gote Street, 
and rebuilt nt ni« own expense the chapel, 
to which he bennenthed his communion plate 
and altar furniture. He diifl in hi« bou[«e 
in Aldentgate Street in tbf fighty-tlunlyejir 
of bi» age, 7 'Vt. Ilt7r>, and was burie»l in 
tbtf south aitile of Kulliam Church. Hi» 
aemorial Alah, l>enrini£ an epitaph def>cribing 
as * pTftvitnto et pnstorali clemrntin qn» 
in vnltuelucebttt,et vitir etiamMtirtitate 
:embtlif«,' wK.!* brought to light in the re- 
ding of the cliurcb, and is placed in the 





north aiKle. Tlie general sorrow felt in I^n- 
don at his death is evidenced in two brond- 
aideA prericrved in the *I-ullreli Collection 
of Eulogies ond Klegies' at the nritieh Mu- 
wum, N()s. ti(), 61. 

Uenchman took little part in public affairK. 
but, aeconlinglo Wolton, *no one mentioned 
him wilbout some veneration for his life uid 
excellent learning.' At Fulham his charitr 
and hospitality were rarely paralleled ( 0>/ff 
iVAVK XXX. fi2l. lie was popular with the 
king, but was indeiwndent enougli lo enjoin 
on his clergy* tlu' diitr of preoi'hing ag&tnst 
po]ier>' when the declaration for lilwrtv of 
rouscieuce was published in Ifi":?, thnugli he 
was well aware that such action would cauw 
otfence at court (Orajjoeu, tii. l**i). 

He was (he author of thededicntory epistle 
prelix'^d to the 'r;«»ntleman'8 Calling,' and 
was one of the many to whom *Tbe Whole 
Duty of .Man ' wna ascribed. He aho wrote 
the Latin epitaph for the monument of Dr. 
Henry Hammond (^. ItHX)) [q. v.^ in the 
church of Hampion-by-Westwcto«l,\Vorceft- 
terahire. Among the Ilarleian MSS. oru 
forty-two auif^n^ph letters from him lo San- 
crol't, manv of them relating tolbe propo«ed 
repairs an<l alterations at (ijd St. I'nul s. 

Ilcncbmiin married, in ltt30, Ellen, diiiufh- 
ter of Bishop Town»on, and niece of Biabop 
Davenant. first cousin to Thomas Fuller, ib« 
church historian, and to the wiff of Arcb- 
bitthop Lamplugb, Her uncle, l>i*bop Dave- 
nant, lK<qnealhed her 'n bedstead with cur- 
tains of yellow and black say and a silver 
colU'ge pot, Ac..' and to Henchman 'a good 
ser^'iceahle gilding, a great concordance of 
the New Teslament, and Dionvsius the Areo- 
pegite.' In hiii last will Ilencfiman mentions 
by name three .«ms, Thomas. Hurophrev.nnd 
C'harles, nnd a daughter 5(an', roam'ud To 
John ll<*ntb. The mention n^ nni^ti her wm- 
in-lnw, Thomas ('iK>ke, j)oiuts to a second 
tluughterat that time deceased, .\mnng other 
betinesis, he left KMl/. inwards the r'dmilding 
of Clare Hall, iHrnenting timt hi-> large gifts 
to the n-lmilding of Si. rNuV* ratbedral 
prt'vent^Hl lilx doing mon-. Several portraits 
of Henchmun exist; one is in th-.* librmry at 
! Fulham. another '\fi ot the Chorterhonse, the 
best by Leiy is in the Clarendon Nailery ot 
(irove Park, Watford, and has been engraved . 

IWuotl'sAlhrtitt-.iii. 400, 717. ir. 108. 337.614. 
832. 8;i.i. 8.J.J; W^mkI'i- l'a«ii, it. 3*;; W«Ikar'a 
Sufferinjr^ of th*! t'lc-rio'. '•■ 02; Clarcndwa'M Itc- 
Ixllmn, Kit. iii. p. .131 ; H<v.«-obel Tra<T*, pp. 80. 
175. 277. -'7K; K^nnHiA Urp. pp. 37. 771. 818, 
kc; Evol]rii'iiDi«rv. ii. 109. lOP; Buxter's Life, 
pp 36:taq.; Ca<*Miu*<«Live«.ii. 10 sq ; I/rnsdowns 
SiSS. 98G, p. I n ; Colo MSS. ixx. 48, .'^2 : Hist. 
MSS. Cnmm. 4th Rep. ISIl. E. V. 



Henchman 



390 



Henderson 



HENCHMAN, ULMPirRKY (I60fl- 
173I>),civiIian,ffmnd»onofriujnpbrt*yTfcnc'h- 
Bun, biohnji ofl^ndon [q. t.], bom in 1609, 
became a WMtminster tieholar in 1084, wna 
elected ihenfrom lo CUrUl Cburcli, Oxford, 
-where he procoeded B.A. 1091. M.A. 160^. 
B.C.L. and D.C.L. ITOi' {Oit. n/O.i/ord Gra- 
fhuita). ]lo WB* admitted advocati: at Doc- 
Inre' ComiDona 23 Oct. 1703. A portrait of 
liim wa5 afterwards bangia one of the courts 
there, lie wad an intlmat« friend of Bishop 
Atterbury, and stood godfather to his sou. 
Att<?rbnrv obtainptl for him the chancellor- 
ship (if hiH see nf Kot:be8ter in 1714. He ■wu.i 
mad)> chancellornf London in 171.'t. Howns 
on« of tho conns*'! for Dr. SiichMverell on his 
impeach me Dt in 1710. His »ii)c*er)ie.<i, which 
are jflven in Howell's ' State Trials/ ore not 
mert-ly acute and abii-, bnt vervjudicious and 
to the i»oint (xv. J40, 3<U, ii-29, 3o7). lie 
was al84i enraged against Wbit^ton in his 
pTOWCUtion ff»r ben-Ry before the court of 
delegates. He was consulted by tbefjovem- 
nient on several |>oiut8 connected with the 
treaty of Utroclit, some of the articles of 
whicn are ?aid to have been drawni by him. 
He 'was alito appointed commi*:sary of £«- 
sex and Herts, and wax her Majesty's ad* 
vocate in the High Court of CbivaW, in 
which court we find htm promoting a suit 
before I>r. Isham at the Heralds' College in 
]7.'VJ' (Welch). Ho died at his house at 
Hampton, Middlesex, 16 Aug. 173V), and was 
buried at FuUmm. His wite Hurvived him. 
Henchmsn wns one of the authors of the Ox- 
ford collection of versi's written to celebrate 
the ret urn of W illiam 1 1 1 from 1 reland in IttOO. 

fWrlrh. List of the Qaoon's Scholars, p. 208 ; 
anthoriiies cil«d ibcru; XoIok and Quoriw, 3rd 
ser. iii. 130. '266. 310. 317 : Coolo's Cut. of Eng- 
lish CiriliaDs, p. 108; Politinl State of Great 
Britain, August 1739. p. ISo : I^ndun >[tLg. 1739, 
p.-tI2;rfcnt M.12-. 173H. p. 439, lin.l s->iiio nihrr 
refcTcncoB to llcuchniun and his wife in 3[a»- 
gmvc'ft nianus^-rii't. Otiil uiiry Nolices ; Slonne M3. 
^847.No. lO.ff. 67nndo8.] F. W-t. 

HENDERSON, .\LEXAXDER (1583?- 
164C), Scottish presbyterian divine and di- 
plomatii^t, wos Iwniaimut 15>^ in tlie parish 
of Criech, Fifeshiro. According to tradition 
his father was a fcunr (tenant farmer), a 
cadet of the Hendersons of Fordel House, 
Fifeshire, and his birthplace between the 
villages of IjUthric and Branton. To the 
mainltniance of a school at Liithrie he left 
two thousand marks Scots in his will. On 
19 Dec. 1^)99 he matriculated at the college 
of St. Salvator, St, Andrews, and graduated 
M.A. in 1603. Soon afterwards he became 
regent in the arts faculty, and quevitor. He 
waa licensed to preach in 1611 (before 4 Sept.), 



i^ 



and belnreen 17 Dec. 16L3 end ^1 Jan. 1614 
woa praflenttid to the porm^hial charge nf 
LeuuJiars, Fifeshire, by Ue-irgi? lilad^aus 
[q. T,], utchbishop of St. Andrew*, whoM 
pstronage he had courted. 1 1 is apiKilnUiHat 
was obnoxioos to the strongly prrsbrt4du 
psrirthionern. It is raid that theubunchvis 
harreil agninsl hi.i induct tnn, entrance being 
only effecteil through a window. In a Trrr 
few years his views on church gorernmeUt 
ft'tl in with the prevail- 1 
hira; the story of bii^ f> 
mon of Robert Bnicc { i-Ln in 
a late tradition n'conhfd by Kob<!rt 
ing the elder (1630-1C94) jj. v.] Tlie eaH 
date of his change may be concluded fn 
the fnct that John SiKitiswoixl [q. 1 
succefdisiCiladslant-s in lf!l.'»,and wi 
zvid for the epihcopnllnri policy, sho^ 
no favour; and that in July ltU*t, when lli 
degree of D.U. was fir^t confcm-d nt ^ 
Andrews, Henderson was not on the List 1 
those lo whom it waa olF«r<*d. In At 
he took the prftshrtorian side at the 
deen ossemhlv. Two year* later at _, 
Perth assembly (.\ugust ItilH) he d'tstii 
guished himself by his oppoaitinn to lb 
' five articles.' The assembly proposed, wilT 
OUT efiect, to translate him to Edinbur; 
with William Scott. t>n (I April 1019 
wns reported to the synod ils having ad- 
minifiterf'd the communion not acconiiiip lo 
the nrcMrrihed onler. He plesdet) tliat Im 
acted (iccordtng to his conscience, an " 
claimed any intention of l>ehaving wi|j 
tempt. In the following Attgitii-t he ' 
before the privy council ds the supp 
author of a tract called 'Perth A«M>mbIy 
really written by David Calderwood fq. v.J 
During the nest eighteen years liende^ 
son took no prominent part in ecclesiastic 
iiflairs, but vrtiH ncquinng inilnence In th 
ttubordinnte rliurch courts of his own locnlilyj 
between Il)2t> and ItUU he attended, somfl 
times as commissioner fmm hU pn>ftbvter 
the conferencea of clergy held in default ot* 
regular convened geoeml afisemhly. lVi»4 
lions from tbe«c conferances foar the conrofc*] 
ing of an assembly were disregarded ; and in« 
1 930a royal mandate pressed upon Spotiswood 
the adoption in Scotland of the EngUsh 
prayer-lxwk and church order. Hendenran'f 
importance to the party opposed to thene 
innovations is shown by the efforts made 
for his promotion to Stirling ^2W S« 
10:)1), and to Dumbarton (163^^. In U 
and 1U3A, after Churle«'}^ visit to 
land, a senice book ond canons, on th 
English model, were drawn up ; the na 
prayer-book being finally adjust4xl in 
cember 163<1. The attempt to enforce its um 



Henderson 



39> 



Henderson 



an oulbunit nf popular fwling winch 

Hendcriium at tin* liead of ii ctroiig 

vutncnt lor presbylt^riitni-Mm. On 10 Aiijr. 

i.*i7, shortly after Ihe riototm outbrcnk in 
Edinburgh, iSpoliBwooJ. carrying out on 
ordtT of council, charged the clergy of his 
dioeeso to procure copifs of the eor\icti bo*»k 
for public use; the moderatoiVof the 5cver«l 
liresbyterit'S were directed to onjuln com- 
pliance. In the pre^byten,* of St. Andrt-'Wti, 
Henderion. with two others, refused to obey. 
A Ries-^enger-at-anna served them with un 
order to iiw llio book within fifteen dnys, 
undttr ]>ena1ty of impriitonineiit. HenderHua 
and his friend** peiitinn^td the council nn 
i.'I Aug. to ftiispend the urder.nn tlie grouuil, 
amnog others, tbat the book luid not been rati- 
fied either by a general assembly or bv parlia- 
ment. They declared that they had offered 
to take a copy of the book in order to rtudy 
\t» contents before deciding on itft n»ef but 
this had not been conceded. (>n H't Aug. 
the council temporised, explained the pre- 
Tious order as extending only to the pur- 
chase of tliH book 'ajid no fardcr,' and ad- 
<lr(*K8ed the king on the subject of the pro- 
vailing diM:ontent, asking him to summon a 
deputation from their nmnbi'r to J^ondon. 
The answer of Charles (10 Sept. ) was a per- 
emptory injunction of conformity. Ilenuer- 
tson's example wus immediately followed by 
a crowd of petitluners, and a gen'-ral remon- 
:*t ranee in the name of nobility, clergy, 
nud biirge*»e«, who hod resorted in great 
luimberato Kdinbut^h, was presented to the 
Ouuncil on 'M Sept. by the Earl of Suther- 
land. Communications Ijetween Kdinburgh 
iind I./>ndon served only to make plainer tlie 
unyielding attitude of Charles. At length 
<in 17 (>ci. a proelamatiou from the council 
ordered the petitioners to quit Edinburgh 
within twenty-four hours. \Vith great de- 
tcrminatinn Henden*«in seized np*m this act 
fl* the ground for a new remcuiftmnce, in 
which objection slifiuld he tak>>n, not nimply 
to lliM (service b<«ik, but to the preneiice of 
biHb(Ji>8 in tiie council a^ inimical to liberty. 
At &m<^ting of the petitioner* on iHOct., 
Iield while the populace of Edinburgh wa-'i 
in n condition of dangerous ferment, this 
documc^nt wn.« adopted and signed, not in the 
form drafted by Ilenderson and Lord linl- 
^ertno [Elpuinstone, Joiis, second Lok» 
LMERINO, q. v.\ but in a nhape pmp>sefl 
David IMcK^on [or I)[CK, q. v.] and John 
tiplwll, firttt carl of lu>udou [<}• v ] It» 

ra for bringing the prelates to trial had 

6 elTect of cauplngthem generally to absent 

themselves from the council. The petitioners 

id not diBperse till 17 Nov., ana they left 

' ind iUem in the parliament bouso a repre- 





sentative body of sixteen, meeting at four 
* tables,' and appointing a committee of four 
OS a ' tjibl« ' of final decision. In thispresby- 
lerian cabinet Ilenderaon and Dickson were 
'the twoarchbishopfl '(lUlLUE). Suggested 
by the council aHa meanmof cn*atingdiviriion» 
in the proabyterian party, this plan of the 
' tables became under Henderson's manaf^u. 
ment an agency for gaining all information 
and directing everv movement. 

On 20 Feb. 1B3H the council was to roe«t 
at Stirling and proclaim the petitioners' meet- 
ings as treasonable. To be beforeluuid, Tra- 
qulmir and Uoxbuigh made the proclama- 
tion at the i-roM of Stirling on the ItHh. Tha 
|)etilioner8ut onceatii.xt^d tlieirforuial protest 
to the cross. The strne witn repeated on the 
2ind at Edinburgh. Next day. amid an enor- 
mous concourse, iIenden«on proposed a re- 
newal of the solemnity of national subscrip- 
tion to a bond of common faith and action. 
Tlie responw was a mighty outburst of popu- 
lar entfiuwasm, which spread over the whole 
cnuntrj-. The instrument henceforth known 
an the ' nat ional oovenant ' was prepartnl by 
27 Feb. It consisted of the dncumeni known 
as ihtf 'king's confession* or thi» * nej^ative 
confession.' drawn up in ITfSl hv John Craig 
(Iol2?-lfl00) r,|. v.], followed bv n n-citol of 
numerous acts of parliament against ' super- 
stitious* and papistical rites,' and concluded 
with an elalmrato oath to maintain 'the true 
n^forme*! religion.' In the afternoon of Weil- 
nesdoy, 1'8 Feb. 1B38, this covenant was read 
in the Cireyfriars Church, Edinburgh, after 

frayer by I lenderson and an address by I^rd 
rfjudon. The Karl of Sutherland was the 
first to sign. (>n 'J March a copy was sent 
for signature to every iiarish in Scotland. At 
first discrimination was exercis^-d in the ad- 
mission of nami'A; Henderson's statement 
is that the sigimturvs of prominent men, 
reckoned unsounfl, were rejected. But the 
multitude useil tlin^ats nnd violence to thosw 
who withheld i4ieir adhesion. The universi- 
ties of .St. Andn?ws and Alierdtrcn had for- 
mally condemned the document, but by mid- 
summer the city and shire of Aberdeen stood 
almost alone in opposition to it. 

Henderson's diplomatic ability was con- 
spicuous in the skill and firmness with which 
he met the tactics of James Hamilton, third 
marquis of Hamilton [q. v.J, sent down in 
June MS the king's commissioner to procure 
tlm renunrialiou of tbecovenant, and failing 
this to temporise till Charles was ready to 
put down itie movement by force of arms. 
In July Heuder-'ron was a loading member of 
the deputation despatched to Aberdeen to 
arguo witli its divmes and win over the 
opponents of the covenant. The doctors of 



Hender^cn 



Hrniirs.:*!! 



ijiyiib' yj'':'! ■"'•r.*'^ ;.'fc*i**:r»:J ,:. "L* '"ivj:. u- 

di.'iXr.'t*.. TL»r t.-UTi'lj '>f J*Uljd*-r lOfcfi- LllE. h 

ly-jfV'r'f- '/jj '}.': jrr'j.jr.'J oi L.* ji^ljii-; •^n'j'.-*-? 
i:r- Mfcv l*>ir ; Li- liiiJL*: > ^:iv:i ji- • H^i^ry- 

Vjjri*: ' MJ ih*: hurt'*--* IJ' k*;*^ 1, Af;-rr ILhl-V 

!ri«:^w'ual uj*iri'>.-ij\.'*--. Cluir^.-^ '•■•i-^ri.*^ a 

<:»'p'. h> owii. At tlji- f:riti(:al lu ',•*.- i!ri;i' 'L^ 
pr*-!*!*"! w<-r»; cori'ltrUjijt-'J. arj'l tL*: |«r*r-ltT- 
tmaij or;;fcniirf»Ti'.'n of ili»: .Sr'ptij-h (■hurth 
r<^:'jri»ii*iJt*-*J *.n ji.* *.'.\i->jri;? IJii— . Humi]- 
Vifi, tJ.»; r'»yal *"ii«nji-'!i'jji*r. 'ri\ ill*? I'vJj 
v/>k ill- leait '»!' Th- Uf^-<;irihl\. 'JriJarin;.' :» 

tinijt-/! oriiljf con-Titiiti'>iittl ^.Tdiu'l iljut thf 
kiriffV ^i;;h^ t't ciiivt-u*; <li<l n^t irjt»-rf-rv 
with ilj»' clnin.-ir- ifKj<-|>^jjil'ri)t r.-^'lit •'< lioM 
ttfl'^-mMi<— . Ill Iji- ur'*r:luniiiti'jij 'ti 'Jt7 Y*:h. 
h'h'M, r'hHr]'>»Pfiii<-ilth«- a'r--wjWvV jitMtu'l" 
a*! iiiiiiiif-al t'> ifi'«iiiirr.-liv. mi'l ap]»fHli'(] i<> 
arm". n-ttchint'Ifc-rwirli on L''».May. Il-nd'rr- 
h'm wh- 'jn*r <;f ili<; roiiiiijifc^iorii-r- wlio ar- 
raiiffi-'l 'III I'* JiiiK.' ill" piirifiiutidfi of IVr- 
wiclc. aft'-r iiiucli j>«^r*'jniil discu^sinn willi 
<,'liarl"«, wlio wiih hiiti-fi'tl rif Jlfufler-oii"* 
loyalty. an<l yyM*'. hiffhiy of hi*' ability aiiil 
I»rinJ'*iii:*r. 'J'li"* \«li<iily of tin- t;ia>-;iow a— 
M'lriMy wji-* l*-ft an oiw-ii ijiii'-tiori, l*iit it* 
poli'-y wn-i r:»)i)firiiMf(i. ati'l < 'liarN;^ ifroiui^wl 
to cidiv'irH; 111) ii!»-<'iiit ly y»-iirly. 

liv lliir tiiM<- l|i?ii|'r-ori lui'l li'—ii ].r>.- 
II,'--." ! t„ jiii lv!,i,l.ii-..lj ilii.':... (I., ( M,,y 
|t;;;-!!i. tiv.n *-'.,i>., -l .-!. .-i. -i lini! ;:- '-m- ..!' 

:-'.-.-. Lnr I . \\i\-. ri'.i ?• I.-;i-'i 

,»':• t,ll li; \hr. |h.;,|| ll:,ni.!iy 

'I rr-'iii ! li. -Imr-. -il' 1 li.- Iiijii 

hui. I'l:/'. H.!..l. :■-..■, -...:.- i,.|- 

iiiiti.'l oil til- In-li. \t 'In- K'iiiil rir_h ii — 

-'■mjIpI'. in,\>i;jri-l \\',:','.i l(.ri'lfr-'iii V. a- :i,';!ili 
|iriip')>i'r| ;i- iii>)>|i']':i(i.r : li>- ih'iiiiiil, on tin- 
^.T'iiiihI lliJi) t li<' i-\|i' 'i.'iil 'if ii pii'iiinrniit 
iii'.'l. riiiur li;i<l in'fii !i iii'-iiii- '>r i'*-t'H-in:; 
i-|ii-i'i]i;i(;\-. Miivi'l Iti-l.-'Hi \\;t'''-|'-i'I'-<l. liilt 
H'mmIi-:-'iIi w.i- tin- ruliii;.'' -[(iril. Tli" Ji — 
-'■iiiMv iiii--''i III'- It'I • lliirri'-r Afi."|»r't- 
liiliitiiiu' ri<:U' l<-;.'i-]af i'lri till I lii' iiiot i'lii liii'i 
Ic'ii !ip;tr'i\''l tiv til'- i-'iM-fiit 'if >yii'>il,-., 
pn-Iivt'i-ic.-, iiri'l liirk >'->i'iii-;. 'I'ln- dIiJ'-ci 
wfix tn |ji-'-M'iit till- cdiirr fn-iii 'ihtnininji' u 
'■iiiili-h \')ti- ill a tliiii )i«.-''iiil)lv ; Init tin- n- 
fii-fiic.' to LiiK -o-i'iiis (n-|" iilt'fi in tin- Itnr- 
rit'i" Art (if IH1)7) i-. of iinii'H'tiuii-i- ii< slmw- 
iti;:' lliiil. al llii" diih-. tin- Scullisli ]in>liy- 
I'-riiiii~, lilii- llii^ I\ri;.'lr.-li puritan-;, fruv an 
iinl''|i'-n(|.-iif Vdict* tit ili(> cliiiic-h (Minrl of 
til'- iii'li\i(liial cmiiri'iiiili'in. Hdui'TSon 
pn'acii''(| b<-fun-(In- parJiaiiK-nl which met on 



ill"- '!" \ Jnin 
fi-orii L-Hcl 
wa ■ 
I. irk 



-t',". 



•-ir.^!' j'L.j;r ir. Kill. III. r^-i- in Ll? Tri«:'?"-;:'[i"'» 
rsli^-;.'-* a^?fT Tx?. - inj-T-iiLT •!. ^i-pli: "f 

irLl:-L hi rei-Lr3ri l* t-t id.*" :tal -^i-^»ft.a*r 
'•"•£■» *--'l^-***. A* fc '-• •:.5-r-ni*T .i. L-f !•''«** 
h* br:-.:,:'.- T-r I»i;-i.t. 'l :; i-:? ;TT;TieT. 
ai-d ;i: J-ii- l'.**'!' >»ii"^i l i^jri-^ ■■■: .rkv^a:* 

d«'na*-?-r-n:ijly.:i.H-.i!i-r«.n!c"j-t':»--ii-r.Hra:T 
Uu^lji- or *TJ■;V-^ \^ v.". tf--r»-tri- ti*L-9 
of I».:r.J:r!3. : ok-rx'-r^-:'.:-!: t: ^ii-. :*5:;r c' 

wi-t pr'L:b::ir-i: pr:vi--- ^lJr>-u- •«■ t^IjT' ^v 
crjit in "inj:!.- ian-llir*-. ar-i : -ri" 1 !..r^ iit 
b-jT mirii-t-r* tni Ll-i-z'-i.Tt's ". ■ -iT'Ii^a 
scrlpT ur-^." 

naniinz Lrmy. ■ftLk-i.. ir-.»pi:r^ ^Lr "t»"-r3-r 
on iM A'lff.. ir-a^urel N-^i* .^-:LT-Mi-TTT- 
and I'nrLam bef-'Tv 'I^-r vni ■:: tLt ai-r'l-. 
I>isclaiming '•if^-rj^iTr •«■&?.:":.•;- !-Tiidr> j*-*.- 
tiom-'l t]j<f kini i* r-rti-v- TLr.r T.i";.'::al 
yri'^vaiK-*--. (.■■:'nm:i*-i -D-r? -f. t«'.:j;; s.i— . 
met at I{ipr»n on 1 *.»c*.: Ttr c T-i-r^a^r^i- 
adjoiinie*] I" ^\V*!m:ll^■■r^, • ^:: ;4 N:-^. 
ll»;nd*-r*on. wli-i Iia»l fail-i: :".l :. -\.i -^it. 
ivacli*'*! l>ind"Ti. whrr- \\\- j-r-i^ r..^ ■ : ti- 
Scot t ij-li coiuni is-i'iin-r- o.-mtn: r i : Lt lI'.. ssi-r 
f(f til'- rfnt-naiitfrs wiili tL" j^trry i^-i:r*; 
LmikI. Wliilf- in L"!iii'i;i H-r;^-r>n U. i 
»-;f,r.' r)ji,r!-^ a yL::i ■ r - '-.i^rj -'v 

'ili.-'liii- ^::--- .:-.■: V ..:.• -... ^ ^--^.- 

l.a-l l,.-:i ;.\;^.-l ::. ;.> : .: - .' .■. -■ 
I<;iOi l.v :!i- t--w!, '■ . .-.. ;. ;.: . . v.. -- 
n.L.ilv ;.-.!..;;. .1 ^ili i.,- ■':■.:■:.. Ii - - - - 

!i..T;> ill l,.-li;:ll"f I!..- -\ l--;.". : : . ~ 

irv. li'iMi in i!- I- 'H'-^'^^ ::'.■: v.: ■ .. ...... .-. 

wfi'i- ■j.r-n'. ant) -.i.ci-t--:',;, 1I-. ' ,-- i , - . 
Kilinbiir::!! ill'' :»;ai-!iin_ ■■:■ il- : . . .:-.-l ' - 
-v-n-iii '■(' liiiii'htir tla^-— k'-. ".v;: - • r .■- 
I-Mi- th- r..lh-2-> h- >.-'■.::■• .i ■. ■■:•■:' 
ill" ti';n-hiiij of i<r"t'k aii'l i-:'j ■.-. 

'I'lii ir>'ai\ uiih thf r-v-nii;.; ^--r.i • ■ 
nititi.'i liU'rAii-. Iti4I. I: j. :!-..-.■.■ ■- 
foniiif V "f r-lnirch ;,"i\ frinn--!!' i ■ '-.v-.- :: •'..- 
Iwii kiii;jil'iiii-', Ity which ll*:ii. :- n ,i::.:--- 
-to'i'] a niiiroiiii jii'c.-byt.-rijiiii-^n:; '■■':' Charl- - 
lia'l ial\''n ciin' nui lo c'liiniii !ii;i'>"l!"nj;!:"-T 
a iMiit'Tiii cpi-^i-M|)iicy. Hfn*l-r- -n h;l.i l:-'' 
l^oiid'Hi Io ii!l«-ni! thf as^rmblv ;i* >r. Aii- 
(l^t'w^oIl L'tl.Iuly. .\« hi- had n"t nrriv'tl.:!;- 
iisM'iiiblv ■\\a-iadiiiiirnt'd to I'Minbiir^li.wh' ■■ 
on 'J~ .Inlv In; wa-; t'li'ctcd nioiJIfraT'ir i-r r!;- 
si'ciind tiim-. On Jx.Inly h»' carvi-- 1 a '(•r - 
]in-ili(Mi loi-iicoiifi'vsiiiii offaith.il caT'-ohi-tv. 
and a din-clory for wnr-hi]i. T!... .-liit'ct ;- 



Henderson 



393 



Henderson 



ie pluin iu Win oAicinl reply to a letter, 
eived D Aup., from I^mduii divines; he 
ipleadfl, in ilie assembly's uume, that tlie 
I TOrmulnricit j^hould bt* binding nn lioth 
jomft. Thi* duty of draftiDsr rlit'se for- 
Jftricfl WAi^ jiut u{H)n lleudenton by rbe 
limbly. Hid other occupations stoo<l in 
way ; moreover, he raw the necessity 
tco-operation with Knglnnd. * W'v arp not 
Iconct'ivt',' IiG wnitt! In Hiiillie, on :M) April 
i2, ' that tlu'v will enibnice mir form, A 
form miifit be set down for U)» nil.' 
udin^- 111.4 ht^olth, ^'hich fllwav<4 »<uflernd 
I T^iljnburfrh, and the weakne&a of his voice, 
ID:?ked to be transferred to ii country charge. 
I declined th<'princip<il«hip of Si. Andrews, 
1 was released from active duly, hut was 
Buadcd to remain in Kd'mbur^h. On Sun- 
15 Aup-,, the dfiy after the arrival of 
Brles nt llolyrood, Ifendersun preached 
iforo htm. Ilin rvmoii^tmnce, when the 
King went to pnlf insteud of ti> afternoon 
«ervire. woa taken iu goiMl part; he wa« 
made royal chaplain, with the rents of the 
deanery of the t^'Iiapel lloyal. niid was in 
close Hi tendance on Charles, who for the 
moment conceded all the covenanters' de- 
mandn. 

The fnvniirs Henderson recei\ed from 
Chorlec, and ihe mudemtion of lii^ serinons, 
ouve oftenco to the more rigiti covenanters. 
He wa^Dot»cnt with the miw commissioners 
(London in KM'J, ami in the St. Andn;ws 
embly mi July he wiih openly aceupcd of 
temporising, lie uHunlly ^t itih^nt under 
misconstnictiouK (Uaili.u:), but on this oc- 
casion he made a * passionate vindication of 
hi« conduct ' (AlTos). The arwemhly ap- 
|»oint<>d him to frame their nn^wer to a cora- 
munictttion from ihe l''n|j;lir<h pnrliameut; in 
doine eo, he urgetl his pro|ir)sal for an ecele- 
«ia«1ic>il uniformity. The reply of the Kufi- 
lish pnrlinnient (reeeive<l Jl Sept. | invitwl 
the »?4.44-mMv to M-nd depuli^fi to an AAiiem- 
My of divines in Knghmd by 5 Nov. The 
civil war had now broken out, and the pro- 
ject was delayed. 

Ac this crisis Henderson exercised all his 
diplomacy in the interests of nentrnlity. His 
suggvstinn that the queen should come from 
Holland to Scotland as a mediator was dis- 
trusletl hy Charles, Empowered by theeoiin- 
cilund the commission r»f assembly, Hi'uder- 
»on, with Ix>u<Ion, will de-ixilcheU to Oxford 
at the end of I*"ebniMry ItU.'I. to urge on the 
king the calling of a |mrliiintent in Scothind 
as the only means of presi'rving loyalty. 
Tin* ni'golialinn was frtiitlefs, though pm- 
traeted till the Ix'ginning of May, when 
Henderson returned to Scotland, having de- 
clined a disputation on cpiitcopacy with the 



Oxford divines, l-ltjunlly friiitlei^s was his 
conference with Montrose a! the bridgi* at 
Stirling. 

The invitation to an assembly of divinea 
was renewed by English romroisnioners (Sir 
Harry ^"ane the young^T. Stephen Marshall, 
and Philip Nye) to the Edinburgh assembly 
in August 1643, when Henderson was mmie- 
ralor lor the thirtl time. The Westminster 
assembly, already in session, having U-en 
convened by ordinance of IJ June, added ita 
formal nHjuest to the raisKt\e of the Entrlit«h 
parliament. Private confereiice.H were held 
with members of the Scottish conventixa of 
estates as to tlie terms on which the aa- 
scmbly's delegates were to go to England. 
It was at length decided to enter into a 
league with the English parliament. Th» 
English commissioners wore for a purely civil 
engagement ; their Scottish allien insisted on 
a religious iKmd. Dml'ied by Hf nderson, the 
'solemn league [Vane added this word! and 
novenant'was introduced to ihe assembly cm 
17 Aug. and unanimously adopte<l. It is an 
instrument of impressive ivnveraud singular 
skill, vowing the extir|«tiiui of prelacy, but 
leaving the furtherqiu'stion to Ix* determined 
bv' the example of the best n-fomied clmrehea.* 
\Vith a definition of prelacy, introduceil to 
meet thescniplesof Cornelius Burge«[f|.v.], it ' 
WHS aceepted by the general hotly of puritans 
thr<uighout the three kingdoms. At the 
taking of the ' leagn*' and covenant' by the 
Westminster asst-mhly lui 'J'y Sept.. u1 St. 
MargarBl's, Hetideracu deliveretl an oration 
on the fiotri effects of previous covenants in 
Scotland. 

Tlie growing inflnenoe of the independents, 
with whom, but for the advice of Itnillie. he 
wonhl have come to an ojten ruplutv, marred 
his endeavours fr>r unifi>rmity. Henderson's 
work in theWesi minster assembly wiiaeliierty ' 
that t}( drafting the directori' for worship. 
With his scheme of unifonnitv was ci^n- 
nected, according to Aiton,the plan of an au- 
thorise<l psalm-book, the metrical version by 
Sir Francis Uous being taken as the ba<iis. He 
would have had the a/wembly sit on Christ- 
mas day. and suco-eded in getting parliament 
to keep a wilemn fast at this sejmm (W'ed- 
nesdav, 'J7 l>ec. lOW), when he preached U'- 
fore tlie commons. 

To the Uxbritlge conference, 0]»ened 30 Jan. 
K^Uo, Henderson was commissi<uied lx)th by 
the i^cottish afisembly and the English parlia- 
mentary comraitt«»e as a mauagi-r of the pro- 
posed relipinus settlement, t In leaving X x- 
hridgi? hi* obtained a jMiss]"irt f'>r Holland, 
but appears to have remained in London. 
He thought of returning to Scotland in 
October, but eent Baillie in his stead. 



lenderson 



394 



Henderson 



On 27 April IftW Ch&rle* left Oxford for 
the Scottish ftrrnVr n?«chin(f NewcaatJt'-on- 
Tync on 13 May. In hope of inducing him 
to take the ' lea^e and covenant,* IK'ndvr- 
son wu mnt for. Hu urnved on the 2tith, 
oad proposed a personal correspondence on 
the tm'o points at icw ue, the dl%-ine institut ton 
of epiBcopftcy, and the oblijj^lion of th« conv 
naUon Oftth. Churh.-^ would have pr«-*ferred 
a ductusion of divine-.4 on hoth ^nim, but 
yielded to Ifender^nn'M pPm for aavuig lime, 
though tUinking him ' mistaken in thi^ way 
toaave it.' The pa]>ent in ITendersoa's crabbed 
hand were copied for the kiug- by Sij Itolwrt 
Murray. The letter? extend from 29 May 
to 16 July, and leaye the impression that 
Charles was a mure adroit debater than 
HenderaoD. The mo«t Interesting things in 
the correspondence, which was without tb^ 
desired result, are the references by both men 
to their early tminine. 

The failnrt' of this last ent<?rprise was fatal 
to Hendt^rson's nlrt^ady broken health. In 
Jnne ltii5 hi? bod suifered fn>m gravei, and 
tried the Epsom waters; he now showed 
symptoms of decline. UaUlie, on 7 Aug., 
wrote that he heard be was 'dying most of 
heortbre«k.' lie sailed fnim S'ewcasth.i to 
Leith, and f^ot hr>tno to Kdinburgh. Here 
he dinetl with Sir James Stewart, and wa^ 
exlrtmely cheerful and heart}', but said, 
'there was never a schoolboy more de«trou8 
to have the play than I am to have leave of 
this world.* lie made his will on 17 Aug., 
and died on 19 Aug. 1040, 'at his duelling- 
house, neir wnto the hie sohoole.' .\iton soys, 
but the statement needs confirmation, that 
he wa« buried in St. Giles's churchyard, near 
to the grave of Knox, and that when the 
churchyard was formed into tho Parliament 
Square, his hnt}y was removed to the ground 
• <f the Hendersons of Fordel in the Gn>y- 
friars churchyard. There a monument wiis 
crect«d by hi* nephew, George Henderson. It 
was demolished by an order of parliament in 
June or July lfK52,but it was restored at the 
revolution of IfiHS), and still stands. The 
existing iuscription (misread by Aiton and 
others) correcf ly gives the date of death as 
19 Au((. Henderson never married; he loft 
propiTty valudd at over 2,351)/. sterling, be- 
aidas tlio amall farm of Vittenbmg, near Leu- 
chars, purchased in UiSCi. In jH^nson he wan 
under middle heiffht, well formed, with sniall 
and shapely hands ; his countenance wius pcn- 
Nive ana careworn ; his pointed beard rested 
un a huge rutf. Aiton enumerates six original 
jHjrtniits of him in Scotland, of which the 
tinest.athree-nuarterlengthiisatPufflloufie, 
Banffshire. Tiiere is on engraving by Hollar; 
another, by Freeman (reproduced by Kelly), 



from the Ghugow ColLegv portrait ; a t ' r i, 
by IL Scott, from the portnut at F H-i 
Ilouse, is prefixed to Alton's* Life.' Hewat 
a man of Learning and relinement, t^'jnpent*' 
in speech, and coaciUatory in bt*«ring. Ilr 
had great capacity fur organisatjon, and bu 
power of giving effect tu popular seotiaunl 
IS indisputable. 

His puMicattonSf which were not 
ouSf include: l.'Kouwna against tho 1 
ing of our Sworn Co^nenant,* Arc, H 
2. *Theliishop8'DooiB,'A-c.. MHi^; reprinte 
Edinburgh, 1 ,02, 8vft. 3. ' A Stmjoo . . 
before the. . . General Asaemblv. ItWO.'icj 
rvprinted Edinb. 1682, 8vo. 4. 'The Remo* 
strance of the Xoblea . . . within the Kin 
dom of Scotland.' Jkc. 1039, 4to. S. 
Gnvemment and Orderof the Church of __ 
land/ &c., Edinburgh, 1641, Ito. t5. 'SpecdiJ 
. . . before the taking of the Covenant br til 
Hou.4cofCommons and Assembly of IHtui'^ 
.to.. Edinburgh. ltU3, 4to. 7. 'The HvVr 
motion nf Church ftovemroent in Scotl 
cleared/ &c., 1044, 4t<». 8. ' A Sermon . 
to the .... House of Commnus,* Jfcc, U 
4to. 9. 'A Sermon . . . before the. . , " 
and Commons,' &c., Id44, 4to. 10. * A 1 
mon . . . before the . . , House of LoTd$ 
itc, Ifilo, 4to. Po-i(thtim<ms were 11. 
Papers . . . l>t?twixt His Sacred Maje<tiei 
M. Al. Ilfuderson,' Sec, ltJ40, Svn ; auothfl 
edition, ' Certaiue Papers,' Ac, Hoglic (ji 
1649, 4to. 12. * Sermons, IVovera, and Vu 
pit Addreswea,' Ac, I'ldiuburgh (1H67), 4H 
(edited from manuscript reports by It. *" 
I Martin ; they were delivered nt St. .\ndrff 
I and Leuclurs between February ami Xov»'rii 
ber ItiiSd). He was an indefatigabU writu 
of ecclesiastical state paper?; several will I 
found in Rothes, Itaillie. A\'odrow, and St" 
j venson. His literarr executors wpre Jnh, 
, DiuK-iin, minister of' Culrosa, and ^^'illial] 
Dalgliesh, minister of Cramond, but they i 
, not seem to have published any of his manil 
scripts. Wodrow possessed three of tli 
, vix. • Instructions about Defensive At 
16ii9 ; * Directions a* to the Voicing In Pa 
litit,' 1039 ; ' Answers to some Propositioi 
i n Defence of Episcopacy ' (about s&mc time 
In 1648 was published in London, -Ito, * Th 
Declornl ion of Mr. Alexander Henderson , 
made uj«»n his Deathbed.' There is no ext>i| 
nal witness of it.-" authenticity; the genen 
assembly, on 7 Aug. 164^, pronounced it 
forgery. Interaal evidence is rather in fa%-oa 
of its genuineness, though its recommendi 
. tion to adhere to their 'native kinf' and b 
satisBed with the reformation of their owiP 
cburch would he unpalatable to Henderson*^ 
j party. Later writers represent it aa a reran- 
^ tation, and add hearsay accounts of suniUr 



Henderson 



395 



Henderson 



sions on IIendcrBoii'9 part in his la«t 
ftyn; thf>r tttrnply amount tn lantRnU of llie 
disa.«troiw tsaue of a policy of intcrfemnco in 
En^luh ufTulrBjOD wbich be lukd enLered with 
hcBit&tion. 

[There is noroRttn»iM>niry 1>!ograp1>j of Hen* 
denon ; a ak«tch by Tliomas McCrie, D.D., ori- 
ginally publifthed in ihc Cliristiftu lu-slnictor. 
rnl. X., is reprinted in hia «'orhji, bait bron nlibMl 
by T. TbomFoi), Kdinborgb. 1816. nnd itt ihe 
fuiiniiutiou of ail nrticU in Robert ChambvrB'a 
Dictionary of l£miiient Scotsmen, 1833. Alton's 
Life and Times of Henderson. 1830, is a work of 
gn»t rcst'jircb luto origiuiii sourCfM, incIu^iin^I 
materials then unpTtntcd. StercnsonV Hi»t. of 
Cbureh of Seotliutd, 1753-7 ; Spalding'!) Hifiti>rv 
(BtonAtyneClnb).1840;Kothps'RobilioD(Biinnji- 
tyne Club), 1830 ; Knillip's Letters and Journals 
^aniuityno caub), 1S41-2; How*:* Hi^t. of ilio 
Kirk (Woilrow Soc.). 184^; Wodnjw'a Corre- 
spondence (Wodrow Soe.), 1842-3; Wodrow's 
Selix!t Biogniphicji (Wodrow Soc). 184S-6 ; Hey- 
lin'8 Aerius Kcdininu, 16*0, p. 477 ; BurnetV 
Hist of bis own Time, 1823; lluruet'H !bIuniolni 
of DulfM of Hamilton, 1677; Clnrpndcin's Hist, 
of tbe KoboIIion, 1720; Neftl'u Hist. of the Puri- 
liins (Toulmin). 1822. iii. 216 sq.. tuI. y. App. 
10 ; Hpininij'K Fulfilling of Ilio Scripture. Miti, 
p. 191 ; Ciillitr's Eccl. Hist, (narlmm). 1841. viii. 
293 Ml.; Ombb's Keel. Hist, of Scodiiiid. 18411, 
Tols. ii. iii.; HewScott'fl Foati £cclc«. &coticnn» ; 
Acts of the Gen. Ashembly of tbo Cb. of Scoi- 
lond. 1843 : Mitvbell and i^trathers'a Minates of 
Wcstm. Assembly, 1874 ; Mitchell'a Wcstm. As- 
sembly, lSfl.3; Gmnl's Slory of the Untr. of 
Edinljurgb. 188*. i. 207 pq. ;"Burc«iH TickoT. in 
the LatDg CoUectiuti, Kdinburgb UnirLTKiiv Li- 
brary, No. 371. The biographicii in .Sonl« \Vop- 
thies, 18(S2, pp. 338 »r[.t and Andersoa'aSfotiisb 
Nntion, 1872, ii. 4M sq., add nothing to Aitun. 
On the qnestion of his death lied deolamtionc, p*o 
also Sanderhon's Coniplent lii»t. of Cbnrles I, 
1658 ; Uolliiigwortb'M Dufunsc of Clmrle^i I, lfi02; 
Ludlov'rt I^tirr to Hullingworth. 1692; nnd 
replies by both; Life of John Sage, 1*14 (l>y 
Bifihnp Qillao); Ijogan's I<ettor to Rnddiman, 
1749.] A. (i. 

HENDERSON. ALEXAXHER ( 1780- 
1803), phy^ieion, was bora in Ab€Tdeen<.hire 
in 17K). and wu educated at Edinburg'h 
ATnivenitv. where he gnduatcd n« a doctor 
TmediciiiH on 12 Sept. 1803. His thcai^i 
fj)ti mudo, quo miisculi, cerebrum atquo 
nervi, reaplratioue afliciuntur,' was printed 
in the same year in £<]inburffh. lie cume to 
I^ndon and was ndmitfed a licentiate of the 
Rnynl Collfg.! nf Physicians on 2lM)ec. IHOS. 
He chiufly npplif>d bim^df to litpmture, and 
ci^mt ributed tu the * F.ncyeIo{Media Britnnniea/ 
the * lidinburfrh RevitiM,' and other publica- 
tionx. He P?sided at G Cunon Street, Lon- 
don, hut bodied at Caskieben, Aberdeenshire, 
on 16 Sept. 1803. Ue was the author of : 



1. ' A Sketch of the Revolutions of Medieal 
Science, and views relattnfr toils Reform by 
P. J. G. Cabanis,' translated frona the l'"rench, 
1800. J. ' .\n Kxaminntion of the Imposture 
of Ann Moore, the fontinjf woman of Tut bury, 
illustrated by Remarks on the Cones of Real 
aad Pretendud AbstinenL-e,' London, I-SIS. 
3. * The lIi8ior>- of Ancient and Modem 
Wines,' Loudon, 1824. 

[Muiiki Coll. of Pliyt. 1878, iii. 69 ; MwUcal 
Times, 2(i Sept. 1B63, p. 341 : Caialngiw of Li- 
brary in Surguon-Geueral's Office at Wiuliington, 
1885, vi. 60.] O.C. R 

HENDERSON, ANDREW ijf. \7iU- 
1775), miscellaneous writer and bookseller, 
was bom in Ro-xburghshire, where lits an- 
oestorn had Mived for fivo hundred years 
before.* He was educati'd at the universities 
of Aberdeen and Edinburgh, and wrote M. A. 
after his name. For Kome tiin»> In- taught 
tu the faif^h school of Edinburgh, nnd was 
private tutor in ;he fumilies of the (ViunteBS 
of Stair and others. Ho came to Loudon, 
and printed an anonymoun translation of 
Voltaire's ' His-toirr of CJharles XII of Sweden,' 
1731, 12mo, ttlw)'l73» and 1750. At tho 
time of the rebellion he was in Scotland, and 
after he left- Warts'* .Vcademy, where he wo3 
ranlhemntical master, he publisihed at Edio' 
burgh 'Tb3 Hintorj* of the Rid^ellion, 1745 
nnd I74t}, by an impartial hand who was an 
Eyewitn»'*iatorao«toftheFBrt.*,'l74i^, PJmo; 
a fifth editioa apptinntd in London in ITfiS. 
He eet up as a bookseller * at Dean Swift's 
Head, Longacre,' London, where woa pub- 
lished his anonymous 'Life of John, Karl of 
Stair/ London, 174H, small 8vn. II*; attucbed 
his name to n wortliless pUv, 'ArsJnoe, or 
(be Incestuous Marriage, a I'ragwly,' Lon- 
don p'n'JJ, 8vo, which was 'never acted, 
nor, indeed, ever deserved such an honour* 
{iiiotjrtiphin Drmnatica. 1812, ii. 3S>. His 
Other publicatintis were: 1. 'The History 
of Frtderick, King of Sweden,' London. 
1752, 8vo. 2. ' Memoirs of Dr. Archibald 
Cameron,' I^ondon, 1753, 8vo. 3. * Memoirs 
of Fiold-Monhal ]..eopnld, Count Daun, 
tranalated from a French MS.,' London, 1757, 
8vo. 4. 'Memoirs of Field Marschal James 
Keith,' London, 1758, 8vo; condemned iu 
the 'Critical Review.' 5. ' Con»<idemtion8on 
the Question relating to tho Scots' Militia,* 
London, I7(i0, 8vo, two inlitions. W. 'The 
Life of William the Connueror,' London, 
1761, sm. Hvo. 7. 'The Life of William 
Augnstuti. Duke of Cumberland,' I^ondon, 
1758, 8vo ; bis best work. 8. * Di.<vsertation 
on the Royal Line and first Settlers of Scot- 
land,' London, 1771, 8to. 9, ' Letter to the 
6p. of Chester on his Sennoa befotii the 



[enderson 



[en( 



I^ord*/ \jandon, 1774, Svo, 10. 'Letter lo 
Dt. Samui'l Johnson on hts Journey to the | 
Western I»Ie*,' lyondon [ 1 7751, Bvo. 1 1. ' A | 
Second ]^ttt;r to Dr. ^Mimu>fi Johnson, in i 
whicb bin wirkcd anil opprobrious Invectives 
arv shown,' l^indon ri77o], 8vo. Nothing 
is kaown of llendtreon after this date. Tlie 
*Beoond letter* rontainti a highly obtisivt' 
• unpariial charncUTof Smollett,' with whom 
he had come into colli^inn iti his ]ivi>s ol 
8tairand the Duke of CumWrland. John.^on 
is called *a viper* and ' freight with venom 
and mBli^itT.* 

Henderson certninly appear? to have Ix-cn 
an odd character; he was a mnn of miirh 
Ttwditi^t Hml hiA ImxpIc* nrv well written. 
After 1 700 most of hi« Itoijks wen' published 
in WeUminster Hall, famous for a couple 
of centuries for bcoksclh^ra' shops (see Ofnf. 
May. November and 1 >ec*»mber 1 HS^J, pp. P^\ 
60*J). The * Uifo of William the romiuerrpr' 
and some of the later publiratioiitt were 
'printed for the author and sold bv J. Hen- 
derson in Westminster llalJ.' 'lliis may 
havo been his son. 'Die fact of his living 
nr mading in the hsll iit nllude<1 to in the 
'PettvfoggDra,* ft parody on Omy's * Elepy,' 
in which a gnuip of Wetitminiiter boya play- 
ing at fives 

Makes H«nderson. the stadiotts, damn their eym 
Wht'D bait'riug down the plnsiter from iJio wull. 

!Bio(;niphi(!Al mnnoranila in the prefn^H^A to 
io of Willinm Iho t'onqm>ror. 1704. Life "f 
Duke of Cnmiwi-lnrid. 17Qti. and iJiiss. on iho 
Kova! LiaeofSculIaiid, 1771; NutcamidQu«ric», 
2nd wr- X. 427-8, 3nl ser. tii. «(*. 2Ifl: J. D. 
It«a86'sAlphab«tioid Kegist«rof.\DthorftitiOK.-n[ 
IlriUin. Berlin. 17fti. 8ro.] H. K. T. 

HENDERSON, .\NDUKW (I783-183f»), 
portrait-painter, born at Cleisb, near Kinr«ft« 
in Scotland, in 1783, was sou of tlie Har- 
dener to Lord-chief-fommissioner William 
Adam [qv.] at IJluir-Adam, Kinross-shire. 
He was apprenticed at tlie o^e fjf thtrti^en to 
)|js bpfjther Thoma*! in (General Scott's gar- 
dens at Hellevue, luliiihurgb, iind wn^ subse- 
t]UtMitty I'mplovfed in the Karl of Kinnoull's 
gurdi'iiit ut Ifupplin and in the VlarX of 
HojM'toun'it near Edinburgh. His couHlitu- 
tioii not being strong L-aough for outdoor 
work, he obtained a siumtion in a manu- 
lacturmg* house in Paisley, and L-ventuullv 
berflmit foreman in Messrs. liepbum&:^^'a^t'fi 
estal>lij»limont then'. Hin love of pictorial 
art, led him, however, To ntlfnd u dmwing- 
srJiool, and I'venliiully lo surrender his posi- 
tion in nrdt^r to heroine an artiftt. In Alarch 
1800 be went to I^udon, imd studied for 
three or four years in the Koyal Academy. 
In 1813 he returned to Scotland, settled at 



l-ilasgow Aft a portrait-painter, prsriuin^ 
with considerable local suocesA for about 
twt^nty year?, and exhibited at the Ilf>vii 
Scfittisb Aeailemy in HdinbuT^h in I''?*. 
iHilH, nud li^MO. Henderson was a mn- " 
Iremely original chamcter, of ticry t- 
mr'nt and violent impetuo^itv in sptv 
fiillof troad humour,andniiichbe]ove- < 
intimsti; frien<b». He was I ■■ 
in HuuT)'. but p<i&«e^sed a - ' 
In ]Sj'2 he piiuliithed ut Etii:ir> 
tion of * Scotri-sh Proverb*,' wii ' 
bim.'elf. and n preface bv his iui..u..;-. .i.-_i... 
W. Mntlu'rwfU : n second edition wa* pnb- 
lifbed in Londfin in 1876 w-ithout tbeetrb- 
ingt*. Hendernon, Molherwell. and a ihird 
intimate friend and equally original rlmm<- 
ter, John Domild Carrick fq. *',\ w- 
chief contributors to 'The Laird of 1. ,. 
.Vnefdotes and Talk's illustrative nf tliM Wi: 
and Humour of Scotland,' a volume pub- 
lished after their deaths in lH4 1 . Tlie book 
contains many anoeilotes of Hetiderson, «nd 
the preface supplies biographies of the thrre 
friends. Henderson died of apopletr in 
(tlftfigciw, It .\pril INlOf and wa« hnr. ' - 
the neirop<dis there. A pf^rtr«it of 
his own hand wos L<xlubiie<l by hr. ^\ ....^^. 
Youncr, M.I>.. in the Glasgow Kvhibiiion of 
the Works of British Artists. 1S;15. Uen- 
dvrson waa one of the original memlK-rs "f 
tlw Society of Pilettonti, founded in Olus- 
gow in 18^5. 

[Uiogrnphy in the prefaca to Th« I^ird of 
lx>[rtn ; J. Irring's Book of RmlnuntSmisnKii: 
infomintinn from Mr. J. M. Gmy aod FnibMsr 
John Youuf;, M.I).] I* C 

HENDERSON. ClIAni.F.S COOPI 

( lb03-1877>, painter aud either, bom at the 
Abbey House, Chertsey, 14 June 1803, 
younger son of John H«*n<lerson, and brotl 
of John Heudewon (17i>7 InTK) Tq. v.], 1 
art collector. HewaseducatedatW inchi^ 
and studied for the bar, but did not practii 
Henderson is best known for bis sporti&g 
pictures and f^kete.be^ which still maintaift 
their pojniliirily. He was a very prolific arti) 
skilled in dniwlng the horse, and nnxlua 
many subjects illustrulive of (Caching 
scenes * on the road/ Niuuburs of t] 
were engraved and published by Me 
l''c»res iif Piccadilly ; some he etched bta 
When quite ^ouug he etched some \iewi 
Italy. HemlersKu married in }h'Ji} fl 
lot te, daughter of John lly, by wh'.tm bol 
six M)us, including L'olonel Kennett Hfl 
derson, C.U.. and two flaughters. lie i 
at Lower Halliford-on-Tluuies on HI At 
1877. 

[Private infonnatian.] 



fawr J 
PH^ 

it the 
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rotB^H 
UTta^H 

nrt in» 1 




Henderson 



397 



Henderson 



HENDERSON, KliKNK/JvK, tlnj .Kler | 
i7&4-i8ri8), Icelandic inijwinnun', younj^'t'Sl ' 
of George Hemlenson, agrirultiinil In- j 
rer, by Jean Ituchannii, won born at j 
lie Linn, Id the parii^hesot' Siilitio uiiil Diin- 
aline, nn 17 Nov. 17H4, iind buntiseJ in I 
^ueen Aunt' Stwet Church on I'l ^ov. He 
wus lirsl L'JucuteJ at Duodull' pchool imil , 
then at XKinfermline; but afU-r Ihrt^ yeiire , 
and a hnll" si-hoolinp, he went in 1794 to 
wurlt with his brother John, a clock and 
watch ranlipr. Hk alYcrwiirds kopt cows, 
and iu \~i*it ln'Cumt* a hoot and Rhm* umki-r. ; 
IJeeutered UolxTt Ilaldane'sspniinury, Edin- , 
hur^h, iu leiU3, and on ihu coinnletiun of his | 
thtologicfll studies was, on 'jf Aug. 1805, 
Ajtpointed to proceed Co India as a companion 
iniAsionnry to the Rev. John Potorson, his 
lifelong; friend, At this period the Kost India 
Company did not permit tlie enimnce of 
ini5aionarie« into India. Puteraon and IXen- 
tlerson therefore ^iled for Deniuark, with 
the intention of Undinp at ScriimMrH, then 
a DBiii^li .•iettlement. Finding a ditlicuHy in 
procuring u possogo to India, they began on 
lo Sept. 180.J to preach in CujKinhagen, and 
ultimately, giving up all thnu^htR of Aaia, 
devoted themselves to founding Ilihle 6ocio- 
t\e» in Denmark, Sweden, Norwav, Iceland, 
And Uuwia. In Jiinunry L'MXi Henderson 
was scttltnt il'^ a niiniittcr at l-Jl^inore, and 
began teaching the I^nglii^h Irtnguage to young 
aieople. By 1h07 he had learnt to preach in 
Daniah, and hnti translated into I hat lan- 
guage the ' Memoir of ('iitharine llatdime/ 
a anmll work which became very popular. 
The bomhiirdment of Copenhagen, in St'p- 
lember 1807, rendered further re&idenco at 
Klainore impo«ifiiblef and he removed to Go- 
thenburg in Sweden, where he ministered to 
tbeDuni»li ]»ri«f>ners. and trnnslnted for their 
lue a tmct called 'Jumcx Covpy.' In iSOr^ 
be travelli'd in SwtfdfEi, Laplanil, and Fin- 
land, in th<' laili-r country running great 
riftk of being captured by llie Kus.si.^tii anuy. 
lie Kad now become a competent scholar m 
I^nlin. Ctreek, Hebrew, French, German, 
Diinish, itnd Swifdish. After a visit to Eng- 
land in 1810 he returned to hii work, and 
in the following year brought out ' An Ex- 
iHteiiion of the Prophecies of Unuiel, by the 
late Kev. Mngnus brederick Koi^s, translated 
from the(}ernian.* On B(>ct. I Hi I he formed 
the firat C'lngreRnlionnl cliunth in Sweden. 
For two years (I8I2-I3) he was in Copen- 
liflgen superintending a translation of the 
New Testament into Icelandic, and in 1614 
be hclpv^l to eftablif>h the Danish lliblo So- 
ciotT* In June IBU he procc<*ded to Ice- 
land, where he distributed the tcfitamenta 
Slid paid visits to many parts of the inland, 



an account of uhicli he publi)«he<t iu K'^lM. 
In IWlfihewa"* elected a corresponding mem- 
ber of the Scandinavian Literary Society, and 
received from Kiel a diploma of doctor in 
philosophy. In October be went to St. Pe- 
tersbuig, where, under the piitronnge of the 
Emperor Alexandi-^r, he printed the Bible iu 
upwards of ten language* or dialectic. He re- 
tunied to Knghind in 1817, and on IS May 
IHIH murrie<l Sutyinnah, wcond daughter of 
John Kt'nniou. On I'S Sept. he wt out on 
luK third jmirney. and visited in succejision 
Hanover, Schleswig, Russia, Astracan, and 
Tiflis. AVhile still abroad ho reitigned his con- 
nection with the British and Foreign Bible 
Society in January lw^'2. owing to a diaogree- 
ment about □ translation of the Scriptures 
which had been made inTurki»h, and of which 
he did not approve. Returningto Uusslahe 
rended iu Si, Petersburg till 18^5, when, 
through the interest of the Greek church, 
the Bible Society wft* interdicted bvimperial 
authority. Ilendorson camo back to England 
on 5 Julv \f^'2^. lie totik charge in Novem- 
ber of the missionary students at Ooeuort, 
and removed with them to lloxton College, 
where he was resident and theological tutor 
from .Vpril \&JVi to IKiO. In the latter year 
he n'm(ived to Canonbury, and was tutor of 
Highbury CollegH until IfioO, when, on thtt 
amalgamation of Homerton, (*owanl, and 
Highbury Colleges, he retired on a pension. 
He retained his otHcc us honorary eecretary 
to the Ueligious Tract Society and to tht> 
British Society ffir Propagating the Gos|iel 
among the Jews, and wm minister of Sheen 
Vale independent chapel at Mortlako (Julv 
18o2-i^eptemberl863). He died atMortlake 
on IU May Ih4>6, and was buried in Abney 
Park cemetery. 

He was the author and editor of the fol- 
lowing workic I. 'A Hi.<i5ertotion on H, 
Mikkel»on'a Translation of the Now Testa- 
ment,' Copenhagen, |H|3. 2. 'Iceland; or 
the Journal of a Kesidence in that Island,' 
Edinburgh, 1HI8, iJ vols. i). 'An Appeal to 
the British and Foreign Bible Society on the 
Turkish New Testament,' 1821. *4. ' Tlie 
Turkish New Testament incapable of De- 
fence,* Xk^o. fi. 'Itiblical Kedearches and 
Travels in Russia,' 182(1. (J. < Elemente oF 
Biblical Criticism and Inrerpmtation, trans- 
lated from the Latin of ICrnesti, Ketl, Beck, 
and Morus,* 1827. 7. 'The Great Myatery 
of Godliness; or Sir Isiac Newton and 
tho Socinians foiled.' 1830. 8. *A Theo- 
logical Dictionary*, hy C. Buck, enlarged bv 
E. Hendemon,' 1833; another edit, 1841. 

9. *^E. Gulbirii Lexicon Syriacnm,' 183t*. 

10. 'The Book of Isaiah Trauslated, with a 
Commeotary,* 1^^. U. ' Baptism and the 



39« 



BiUe Sooolt; ]M40. U. * On tW Om^nr- 
ntmed the Sewn; m iMtuR, ItM^ 13^ *Thc 
Book of the Twelve Minor IVopbeU,* lrma«- 
Ut«d from tlie Uc-breir. 1»I6; uoCLa>«dit. 
1868. 14. * Hw VftodoU, » tour to the Val- 
%■ of FSedBumt; Ic4^. 15. 'The Book of 
Jffcmiali uki tlut of tha I.JUBeBtatioiw,' 
liBMbted. 1h51. lO. *l>iTiii« Inmntion,* 
1M7; third edit. ItJ.32. 17. 'The Book of 
KakieW trui«latod, lK.V>. \K 'The Book 
of IsaiiJi,' trajuUt^xl, 1607. He also edited 
the foUowriim works br Albert Bamt^ : 
•Job.'lNM; •ReveUtions^'lSJ-*; •TheAVay 
of SalTolioo/ I8->5 ; ' Ematb oo Science and 
TUeoIogr; IK06. Bt J. ■>!. Oood : *The 
Book of 'Psalms/ Ih-'A. Bv G. B. Cheevera : 
•W. Coirptr/ 1sj«. Bv M. Stuart: 'The 
Epiitle to the Knmane," in conjunction with 
K. r. Smith. He alM {irinted charge*, lec- 
ture-*, «D<1 (ermottt, 

I Mmioir (if KWaccerBcndcoiKMi, hjThalia S. 
IJeadervon, 1SA9, vith poTlmit; Ongngaimtinl 
YeaisUwik. lSfi9. p. 200; John Pateraona IVniIe 
for Et<tv Ivind. 1868, p. 1 ct seq.] O. C. B. 

HENPERSON, EBENEZEU, the 
younjrer( l>«JSt-jN79),amhorof 'Tbe AnnaU 
of l)u»fermlint-,' was bf»rii at l>unf<*rmrine in 
J-ebruarylrtOy.aiidedufatMtliepriSrrwACT. 
Jirmitu*ctntt*of Ihii\fennt\nr\. Hi- wasvon 
of John Ilendencn. watch niiiJ rhwk maker, 
and ncphpwof Ebenezerll-ii'liT^on the elder 
[(], v.l He lean.fd his futUrr's husiiiew, but 
f^ave bift real gln^npth t<> ^cifiilifie pimutte', 
pHMliicing bv 1K!>7 an orrery and nn iwtrono- 
mical clo<*k,' both of which were ranch ad- 
min^. Between 18*29 and 1863 he \n& in 
EtiffUnd, mainly at Liverpool and in Lon- 
don. His nominal post ut first was clerk and 
aatiifiiaiit to hi* brother, an extenytve tanner 
at St. llelenH, but fur a time lie was curator 
of the Liverpool A»trftnomical Institution 
And Obwnntnrr, wbi're he also lectun-d. He 
continiie<lhtHii.'»tronomical studi'-?, becoming 
n nierolK-r nf thint?en scientiHc Hocietiej in 
Ivngliind, and rvceiving (at a date now un- 
known) I he deffrfeof LL.D. Uom an Ameri- 
con collej^e. In I860 he wa« highly com- 
mended br Airy, Arago, and olLer European 
expert*, JWr an ingenions comhination of 
whecU d(_»igned to flhow and check Kidt-renl 
time (we letters to him in Ciialuurs, Jluh- 
tcry tif IhiTtf^rmJtne, vol. ii.) He was busy 
mennwUile with the arrliaMilogical and hift- 
torical not<_*8 ihitl uUimately developed into 
the' AnnaU of IJunfermline/ ond ho secured 
ill JHfrti the reciigiiiliim of Dunfermline as a 
city. The freedom of Elgin nnd nf Dunferm- 
line WM coiiferTLHl upon Ilcndersnn in 18o8 
Mid 1600 rvj>pt'Ctively. In 18tWbf nettled in 
Muckhart, I'crt hehire, where he died 2 Nov. 
Id7&. He became a member of 6ve Scottish 



■rwwriiir ■oriati— , mad wnbe ftsam both fat 
thwc and lor Kngfah madtitiem. InliblttUr 
Teuv he ww nutnUNBtal m inawJM tk« 
old nurket crm* of DtufrrmDw (1668) i^ 
* Qoeea Xcistnt^ StOM,' en tlw Baafim- 
1iD« cad Qoeeoslcn^ road, far wiiieh he vn«ip 
the inacriptaoii. Ufxs wife's naaoe wu Bel^ 
Coldstram Brodie. U« had no HBtMu 

Bender i^maUer works, Uendkram pn^ 
Ushed *Ht»torical Tmitse va Ilorakfy,' 
IxmdotL, 1836: 'TreAtiAe nm Ajtmonnr.* 
which reached a third edition in 1 (M8 : ' Lifr 
of Jamea Ferguson, F.K.S., in a brtif aal(^ 
biographical account and farther lPfftli4t^ 
Memoir,' 1867; and in 1 879 * Tha Attatk of 
Dunftrrmliae and Vicinity, from th* nrlirat 
authfotic period to the present time, ajt- 
1009-1878 * (Glasgow, 8vo>. Thelastwod. 
Uiou^h not without instuiced uf unuftcd 
legend* and Kprcimens of arrlieologitml at- 
dmity, lA on the whole a monument of pstieot 
iaduitr^' and conspicuouii aliility. 

(Work* meDti*3a4^ alxire ; I>imfrrmliae Kri* 
Preis, November 1 87fl ; infurmaf ion fnmQfor^ 
RobertioD. nq.. ¥.SJi. ScotL, DnnfcRnUM.] 

T. B. 

HENDERSON, GEOROK (Kt^l&'w), 
lieulenant^-colonel royal ^r*;.—. — xonnfCap- 
tain Hi!ndenonof the4c L-sboreoa 

4 Jane 1763 at Newton, ii a propertT, 

on the banks of th>?Dec, Aberdeenahirr. lis 
pa5sed through the Royal Military Academy 
at ^Voolwich^ and obtniuinguconimisuoD in 
the corps of royal en^Lnaeers joined at Porr*- 
raouth as aecond lieutenant in Monh 1800. 
He was promoted lieutenant the following 

J^ear, and in l80-'i was iteni to Ceylon, wlwra 
le aen-ed for nine year*. He Veturoed to 
Englnnd in AuiruRl 181J with the iwik nf 
captnin, and in t^*ptcmber was Bent to Spain 
to join the Duke of Wellington's army ope- 
rating in the PeniD5iUa. He di<^tingui«hed 
himself at the siege of St. Sebastian, for 
which he was mentioned in despatches and 
received the gold medal ; he also took part 
in the battles of the Xivc, NivoUe, and 
Orthea, for which he received the war medal 
with two clasps. At ihv close nf the warbe 
was stationed in TfHland and. after his mar- 
ringe, in Cnnada till 18!9, when he retnmeil 
to England. He attained the rank of lieu- 
ten ant •colonel on 30 Dec. 1824, and relir*^ 
from the service on 9 April 1626. In, It^tO 
he devoted himself to the formation of the 
London ind South-We«tern Railway Con- 
pany, nnd was connected with thotline. first 
as gen*'rnl superintendent, and subsequently 

05 director, from its comtntmcement until hi» 
death, which took place at Southampton on 
21 April 1855. In May 1^37 be was elected 
an associate of the Institution of Civil En- 



( 



^ 



a 



Henderson 



lerson 



Kiaecrs. For Bomc years prior to \m death 
Be was chairman butli of tbo I^odoa Equit- 
able (tUA Cum[)any and of tho Soutbaoipton 
Gss Company. 

[ProeeAdiDgs of tho rnstitntion of Civil ¥lagi- 
Dwn, vol. XT. : CorpM Rceords.] It. U. V. 

HENDERSON, JAMES (1783 M 848). 
writtT oil llrazil, b<ini ulK>ut 1783, was a 
iioliv*' of Ciini^jerland or West morel mid. On 
II Mim*li Isllt he Failed from Kn^^lnnd to 
Rio de Jmieini, where li« wiiilfd iipou Henrj- 
Cbftiiib«*rlaine, the Krilirtb repre*eutative, 
witli a lelifif of iutroduclioii fn>m 'a noble- 
man,' jiresumably Viiwount LowtliiT. Find- 
ing that he wttA not likely tu obtain a public 
situation^ be determined to learn what hv 
could 'regarding- the vaot regions of (he 
Brazil.' He woa reeeived into the boufte of 
n merchant to whom be brought a U'tt^ir of 
introduction, and upon bis return published 
*A History of the Brazil; comjiri^ing it« 
Geopraphv, Commerc, Cidoniz-atiou, Al>- 
origmul inhabitants, &c.. Illiihtrate<l with 
twenty-seven jilatea and two niHp«,' 4to, 
London, 18l*1. The following year b(M>rintt-([ 
au address to the South Amertean.t and Mi!\l- 
c&ns entitled 'Represcntacion a los Amcri- 
canns difl Hud y Mexicanos ; para disuadirles 
de q ue ennredan Vctitnjiis L'nm'Tciti !•_■» a otraa 
Nacinnt's, tm Perjuicio do Innlnti'mi. por 
caui-a de su l^tardo en recnnnoT *ii lo'b- 
pendeucin ; . . , con un K\iimen lUpidn dr 
varios Acontecimieiitos imp<>rtaute9, y Kn«- 
goa j^trioticoA que ban diolin^uido 8uh re- 
niecttras RevoIucioneH,' 8vo, London, IHli^. 
Henderson was ultimately Api>ointfd eom- 
misaioner and consul-gent? nil lor Columbia, 
and rt'j^iidfd at Bogota. He resigned bi« po^t 
about ItWti ond eventually wttled at Macirid. 
Hm wa.-* elected F.K.S. on 2S April 1831. but 
bad withdrawn in 1836. InlH4:^hepubli!'bfHl 
* A Review oft lie Commi*rcial Code and Taritr* 
of Spain, with refen-nce to thi-ir Irilluenci'on 
thf p-.-neral intewats, credit, and tinane*'» of 
t hal conn try/ 8vo, London. He died at .Mad- 
rid on IS St-pt. 1848, aged 65 {(iettt. Mtiff. 
new ser. xxx. 6o9), 

Henderson was alito autboruf: 1. ' Ob»>r- 
vationa on the Expediency of entering into 
TpefttHjs of Commerce with the South Ameri- 
can Stales,' 2. ' Itemarks on iIk* Warehous- 
ing Bill.' .S. * Suggeationii reUltvu to the 
Consular System.' 4. 'The Stalo and Pro- 
ftpecta of Spain.* 

[Rfiodercon'(t ni!(t,of ihcBnuil ; llenderson'a 
Baview of thp rommercinl Codo, &c. ; Lints and 
Proooedinc** ot It-.v- yoc.] G. M. 

HENDERSON, .TOHX (1747 178^), 
Bclor, known as the ' Bath Koscius,' the son 
of an Irifib factor in London, was born in 
Goldsmith Street, Cbeapeide, and was ba[>- 



lised on 8 March 1746-7. Hli family was 
originally Scottish, ond be claimed dewt-nt 
from the Hendersons of Fordel with which 
Alexander Henderson 'q. v.] wns connected. 
Aftf-r hie futber'a deatli in 1748 lu.<( mother 
retin^ with her two sons to Newiwrt Paji- 
noU, BnckinghamgUire.and began herself t he 
ta:»k of his education. At about eleven ho 
went to sclioftl at Hemcl Hempst4*ad, Hert- 
fordshire, and hubsoc^uently l«arned drawing 
of Hnniol Fournier '^q. v.t Ht< then lived 
with a relative of Lis mother, a Mr. ( 'ripps, a 
workingjeweller, in St. James's Street. lie is 
suid to have made his first attempt at acting 
in a nwui in thy Old Parr's Hcao, Uliugtou. 
In convivial circles be was known ns Shandy, 
on account of his great admiration for Stenie. 
Ue wrote a not very brilliant ode intended 
to b«! spoken at tbo tomb of Sterne. He ai^o 
imitatfd (lorrick's delivery of ibeMMe upon 
dodicating a Building and erecting a StJitui> 
to Shakespeare at Stnitfortl-ujKin-Avon.'nnd 
was in the habit of reciting from Milton, 
tira^', Prior, and other poets. At the adviet* 
of (iarrick, who in common with others bad 
no gn*at opinion of his capacities, he went t« 
Bath, wln-re Palmer, the manager, engugtMl 
him for three years at asalary rising from one 
guinea to two guineaa a we*>k. On (t Ori. 
177:^, at Bath, he made, oe Hamlet, and under 
the name of Courtney, bis first ap|>earanct* 
on any stage. His reception was favourable, 
and the I'erformanco waa repeated on iIil* 
13th. On the -JUth he appeared as UicbarUni, 
on 5 Nov. AS Benedict, on the l:ith us Mac- 
beth, on the '2\s,t as Bobadilt, on the i!8ib 
as Bayos, on 12 I>ec. as Don Felix in the 
' Wonder,' and on the loth Oii Knaex, when he 
spoke an uddretui. On tho 2tStb, as Hotspur, 
he played for the first time under his own 
name.towhichhe sut»w.Mjuently kept. F'ribble 
in * Miss in ber Tren«,* King I***Hr, Hastingi. 
Alonzo, ond AUuma were played during tlie 
sea!»n, and he also recital (Jarrick's odf. 
An experience such ns this was necessarily 
far beyond his etrongth. His reiircscntationi* 
were followed, however, and he speedily ac- 
(luired the name oftheBalb I{^>sciu8,andfwon 
ine friendship of John Beard [u. t.], Paul 
Whitehead [n.v.],and ThomosOainsborongb 
[q. v.] BpAities painting lii* portrait and 
being a firm friend, (iainsborongb wrote 
wisely warning hira against bis natural len- 
deuey to over-eating and conviviality fseft u 
quotation from this letter in art. Oaiss- 

BUHOI nil, TflOMAfll 

At the close of both the first and second 
seaiMiOf* Henderson went to London. Oorrick, 
F<«^te, Harris, and Leake b*.*ard him rebeariH', 
and refused him an engagement. Colman 
would not even bear him. Hehadaccordingly 




400 



Henderson 



I to eUv in Balk until ttu* season of 1776-7. 

; AbuntUnt experteacv was afforded him, the 
part* he playw! inclmling Picm-, Archer, 
ComiM, (Jthello, Hanger, Sir John Brute, 
/ampa. Ford, lAwhurauA, Shvlocfc. FaUtaff, 
Kin^ John, (>akly, \'aUntinf ia 'Love for 
Lore.' and i eri.- many othtr leading r»'jle# in 
L>Miue<lv and tra^etlv. With more judgment 
than is common in hii* pmfe^aion, he urg^ 
I*almer nnt (o g'wf him ra many partd. 
(.'itmlHU-land pri'«*wl thticUim§ of U(?nderson 
on Garrirk. who had some thoiijrht of en- 
(iTnirin^' hiiu bill tJid not, thniiffh llender*nn 
nffercd to piny at hi:* own risk. It is sup- 
p<)6ed that an imitation of himself given in 
his own preifenc^ by Henderson had canted 
(lamck annmancf. C'olmaa l«x>k the I (ay- 
market fmm Vtwte in 1777, aad it. wa* here 
that lienclerson made, as Shylock, hi« first 
appearance on 11 June 1777. His jwrform- 
Auce wa« a suecev. Mucklin, then regarded 
as the idtaii Shylock, gave him encourage- 
ment, (iarrick »aw him, and ainluined from 
unfavourable romment. but di«eovcred re- 
markable merit in the Tubal of wme com- 
Iwiratively unknown aclor. Hnmlet, rnl-^tafl", 
tichard III, Don Juan in the ' Clmncea,' 
Haves and I^eoii in * Rule u Wife and hare a 
Wife/atrt-ngthened hi^ reputation. Colman, 
who iit Miid !•> have Taken 4,500/. during the 
lliirty-*six performnnces given byUyndcrson, 
gave him u ir*!c iK'nefit. CVw>lnfSii was, how- 
ever, cflufod in conse<|uence of Henderson 
imitating the manager to hi« fac^. Sheridan, 
who Mvr him act, engaged him at 10/. a 
week for Uniry Lnne, where he apptmred nn 
SK)Sept. 1777 &^ Hamlet. During the two 

' years ne remaineil nt this house he played, 
in addition tn Ihh existing rei^rlory, .Ksop, 
Dominir in tht- 'Si»anish Friar.' and other 
pjirtit. KiK Hrvl original character was Bnitus 
in (be* Roman Sacrifice,' on 13 Dec. 1777, 
nn imprinted tniiji-'dy of William Shirley. 
HendiTwon wtu- the- original Kdcar Atheling 
in ('umberliind"!* * Battle of Hastings,' on 
24 Jan. i77H, and Hireiio in Jepht^on's * Law 
of Lombardy *oii8 Feb. 1779. In cont<equence 
rtf the c<ialitioii Wtwwn the two companies 
he appeared nt t'ltventUanlen a* Richard III 
fin 5 Oct. 177H, and on I Jan. 1771* played 
Pridogue unrt (.'imruH in' King Henry V.' At 
<*nvent (.lardcn hi" wiw the original Duke of 
Milnn,iiU<'n'd by CumberlaiKl from the piece 
of tbat name by Xassingf r and from Fenton's 
* Marianne," on 10 Nov. 1779. He played also 
Jaquas and Tamerlane. In the summer of 
vanouA years he visited Liverpool, Bristol, 
Birmingiiam, Dublin, and other townn. 

At Covcnt *fard"n Hunderson played till 
ihocloK of his career, adding tohia rejierlory 
\V'ol9ey,Iugn,Lu9iguazi, and Kvander in the 



* Grecian Ihiughter,* Sir Cri Ir* Otxirrcach, tr, 
and plavinff original parts in dramas by tlqai-^ 
berland, Mackeniie. Jeph^on, and other*. 1| 
July 17(^4 he was for the first tiniT in K''.:n-1 
burgh,andiiithe^ummerof I ~ 
iiiDublin. Inthe Lent of IT' 
Thoma:) Sheridan, he gave ii;udm«a in U*- , 
Frr^masonfi' Hull, On 8 Nov. 178'», at CoTt 
(iarden, hii^ iiBm>> appear»M) for th>*i 
on the biUasIIurulius in the* lEomnnl 
He was first atucked by fi-\cr. whic^i 
to l>e yielding to treatment w hr^. in 
quence of a K}mam of the brain, he dimltfti 
houHe in Itiickintrham Stre*'f, Adi^Iphi. oa 
tJ'j Nov. 17Bo. Til is is th<i account g«viiQ. 
in the ' Etiropfun Mngflzine' and other jieria 
dicaU of the date, and by Ireland, hi> bid 
grapher. In the 'Catalogue Uaisonn^- of ili 
Matbew*llalIer\-of Picture*') 183.^). now i 
the Cmrrick Club, it is statt^Hl thai he 
*poi.«)ned accidentally by his wife, w do nevfl 
knew the cause of hL* deoth.* Hk w«*r burio 
in Westminster Abbey, in the south cross,^ 
3 Dee. 1785. His pall-lx^rerA were .Steev^'iu 
Malone, Murphy, Iloole, Whitef.xml.andlh 
Hon. John B\-ng Kemble, Mocklio, Yat* 
and mri8t of tlie l»est-kTiown actors were i 
sent. His wife, Jane Kiggin.i* of Chippenhoa 
whom he married on RlJan. 177i*, wa* bnri" 
in I'oet*' Corner in the same edifice on ^t Marcli 
H19. Dy her he left an inl'iiut dau^htr 

* Venice Preserved' wa? played fur M rs. Hei>- ] 
derwn's bcaetit at Covent (iurden on ii3 Feb, ] 
1786. Mrs*. Siddons, who.si< genius Hendf" 
Aon WAS one of the first to rec^igtiifie, 
Belvidera, apart phe liad plnred to his Pier 
On this occAfion Aikin waa Vierre, and I\ip 
Jaffier. Mrs. Siddomi ahn declaimed a prt> 
lugiie written f<jr tbf occaition by .Murphy. 

llenderm>n slmid next to1«umck in publil 
ejitiniation. Garrick wa.<< jeahinn of him. and 
more lliaii ouce decried hiui. Ilia Wnt jtart* 
ncc'irding to Cumberland, were Sbyhx 
(lilesUverrt'ach.ond FaUlaH". H** wassr 
figure, short, andill-proportioned in his 
his face was not too flexible, and liis vol 
wanted fibre. IJy solidity of judgmrnt. how' 
ever, pood elocution, diversified knowledp<f_ 
and quick comprehension, he overcame nil! 
difiiculties. In the delivery of wihbMjuiwJ he 
said to have had nn i.'qual. II ct had uneo. 
moil powewi of mimicry. Rogeri*, in his 'Tab! 
Talk,' p. UO.ed. iat*7, savs: ' Hendersm w 
a truly great actor; his Hamlet and hiaFi 
start* were rauallv good. Ho was a very Bni 
readertfK); in his comic readings 8Uperinr,ol 
course, to Mrs, Siddons ; hia John Ollpi 
wft^ marvellous.' Mrs. Siddonsdeclor^ hir 
' a fine act ur,wilh no great personal adruntage«1 
indeed, but he wna tb« soul uf int«lltiience. 
In hia * Life of Mra. Siddons*, ii. 81, Tbomai 



Henderson 



4or 



Henderson 



Camiibcll says that by hie death t'ovent Qar- 
<lt>n lost its vest actor, and thu Britisb sto^ 
one of itu brightest ornaments. Bonden, also 
MrA. Stddoiifi's biograjilier, coUn Henderson 
* a man of sreat f^eniu^, and pouessing the 
most vpruitilc powers that I ever witacAsed/ 
Tie also said thitt the ]H)wer of Henderson as 
An actor was annlytic ]1« was not con- 
tent With the mcro light ol" common mea- 
sure : he showed it yon thrtiiigh a priBm, 
and reflected all the delicate and miiif^ling^ 
hiien that enter into the composition of any 
rav of cliorjicter. Kemhle asKcd Mrs. Inch- 
bald by letter conct^rning Henderson'^ Sir 
Giles Overreach, desiring to know what kind 
of hat, wig, cravat, &c., he wore, and say- 
ing, • I shall be unetwy if 1 have not an 
idcA of his dres^ even tu the shape of bis 
bucklt!t> and what rings he wears. Dugnid 
Stewart,, who heard him n^iMtat a portion of 
a newspaper he had once read, <leeUred his 
memory the moat astonishing he had known. 
Mend'^rson's letters display mort* iuforma- 
tton than was then general. His few poems 
have little moril. n irii Tlionins Sheridan 
fn. v.] lie wrote and signed 'Sheridan's and 
Henderson's Pmctical Meth'td of Rending 
and Writing English Poetry ... a Neces- 
sary lutrofluction toDr. P^nfield's "Speaker/" 
l^ndon, 171K!, 1i!nio, and probably earlier. 
ITenderAon bad an interesting collection of 
books, lie exbihitod about 1767, at the So- 
ciety of Arts and Sciences, a drawing which 
obtAined a premium, ^me of the etchings 
in Koumier's ' Theory and Practice of Per- 
spective,' 4to, 176-i, are by lienderRon. 

The pirt rails of Uenderson as Macbeth, by 
Romney.and as lago, by Stewart, with two 
other IikeneAseit, are in the tiarrick Club. 
The portraii of Henderson jtaint^d by his 
cloM friend Thomas Gainsborough [q. v.] is 
m London, in the poasesbiou of adei^ct-ndaul, 
by whom it is proini.<ied to a public ctdleclion. 
[^Boolu mftiiiioned; A Genuine Nomilive of 
the Lift nnd The.-tt rical Tnitimirl ions of Mr. John 
)lend<>rson. cominouly called the Buth Iloscius, 
3nl (ylirion, I^ndon, 8vo, 1778, fc*orii>od tu 
Thonuu DHriefi ; Letters and PcKimK )iy the Ute 
Mr. Juhn ]I>.-ndvn»oti, with Anocdoics of his Life 
by Jolin Inlnnd. I)i)blin, 1789; a, Monody oa 
th« Death of Mr. John Hendenwn, by Oeorge 
ttevi.'s lliirloy [q. v.], Sorwii-'h, 1787, 4lo; 
otittuary notice of jlendenion in Tarioos raoga- 
xiae» for December 1 786 ; Gcnest's Accoant of 
tbe Kngliflh Suigtt; Darira'ti Dranifttio Mi)«H<1- 
laniw, nod Lifa ofGarriek: Clark KukmU'b He- 
presentatirc Aotom ; Cul. CbcsU>r'!t WtstmioKtvr 
Abbey RegJAters; Rectl'ti MS, Not'itiji Drnniatira; 
OaltooN llirt. of the Thealn's of Londoo, 179*5 ; 
Onmbo-Und's Mmioirs; Downoft's RoBcius Aiiglt- 
jG^as: lti>eoltv<rttonii of O'Keeffe; Garrick Crtr- 
idcDoe; Feake't Memoirs of the Colmaa 
>U iXT. 



Ftimily ; JJornliardts Itetr(iMpecti<>n<< ; Dibdin'a 
AnnaU of tlie Edinburgli Stugo.] J. K. 

HENDERSON, JOHN (1757^1788), an 
eccentric student, was only son of RichanI 
Henderson of Ballygarran, near Limerick. 
His father (from I'hi} to 1771 one of the 
heat itinerant pre-achers under John Wesley) 
made a living lor 8/mn' time a* muster of a 
boanling-school at llanhaiu, near Brii^tol, 
and finally kept a lunatic a.4rliim in the 
same place. Wesley visited his liouae, and 
described him us ' the liest ])hysieian of Iih 
natics in England ' {Joumnl^ '2h Sept, 1789). 
John was bom at HalJygurran on :;7 March 
1757, at a very early ago came to England 
with bis parents, and was sent to the school 
established by Wesley at Kingnwood, near 
UristoL According fo his own confession be 
received only 'a small school education,' but 
was studious from childhood. His progress 
was so remarkable t hat at the age of eight he 
wa« able to teach I>atin,aud when only twelve 
years old taught botht jreck find UiriuatTTe- 
vocca College, then pnvemed by John William 
Fletcher [q. v.J Twu y.-arslater Fletcher 
I wa* dismissed, and Hcnderr*un ret umcd to hia 
father's bouse, where he pursued his favourite 
studies and assinted in teaching. When aged 
22 he accidentally, in a stage-coach, met Dean 
Tucker, who was so inipn-sseil by his conver- 
sation that be sent hi:) father not only a letter 
urging that the young man should be aent to 
the university, but a gift of more than 10(1/. 
to be spent in his education. Henderson 
accordingly matriculated at Pembroke Col- 
lege, Oxford, on 6 April 1781, and occupied 
the rooms which had been tenanted by Ur. 
Johnson. He wa.s an omnivorous student, 
and endowed with a marvi'Ilou^ memory. 
.\s a linguist he was skilled in Persian, 
Arabic, Hebrew, tireek. and Latin, and 
among ICun>pean languages he knew Simnisli, 
Dalian, and German. Everv branch otknow- 
h-dge fa.«*rinaTed him. lUt^ tempter waa un- 
rulHed, and liis benevolence led him, after he 
had acquir<!d a knowledge of medicine, and 
an epidemic of fevi-r was raging m Oxford, 
to practise gratuitou.><ly among its poor. At 
thi* crisis all his span? money was spent in 
drug!*, and he sold his poIyghA bible to pur- 
chaae more. Hi* conversation waji bright 
and full of learning, and he had amusing mi- 
metic giffs. Many frieiirU sought his coro- 
pnny. When Hanimii M(»re ejcplored IVm- 
broku College with Hr. Johnson in 178>*, 
Henderson was one of the jrarty. Jolinson 
found liirn a firm tory and churchman. H<< 
is mentioned by itoswell as ' celebraUxl for 
hifl wonderful acquirements in alchemy, judi- 
cial astrology, and other abstruse and curious 

D U 



Henderson 



40t 



Henderson 



learning.' WhenBoawi'llj^auntpredwiili him 
in the waIkH of Merloa CoUegi! ( 12 Jtxne I 
1784) h« iiniVL-d ' a very iL-arnt-J and pious ' 
man.' WiUiam A|nitter [q.v.J, his fellow- 
coUegian and intimate friend, furnished Bo»> 
well with note of a dialogue about non- 
jurorubptwwn Johnson and Hender-'on. Gra- 
diiallv 1 (endrrsunV eharm'ter deferioral^d. 
Hedretstted in a peculiar fashion, went to bed 
ut daybreak and rose in the afternoon. Not 
infrequently \w would strip himself to his 
waiet, sluice him^df with water at the pump 
near bis room», and, af^er putting on a shirt 
■which ho had made perfectly wet, go to his 
bed. He smoked nearly all day long, took 
opium, and was not always temperate in the 
use of winea and spirit*. Un one occasion he 
wa»* known to abstain from eating for five 
days. He look his degree of H.A. on lITFeb. 
17H<(,and nhortly after left the college. His 
frieudd urged him to adopt the clerical or 
medical profession, but ho refused. He with- 
draw from nil social intercourse, abandoning 
himself to thp study of Lavntor, and believ- 
ing in the pouibilitr of holding correspond- 
ence with the dead. He died while on a 
visit to Pembroke College, Oxford, on 3 Nov. 
1788. A prophetic dream of his death ia nar- 
rated in* N'otes and Queries,' 1854, 1st ser. X. 
'2ii-7. The body was buried in the church- 
vard of Si. Heorge's, nt-ar Bristol, un 18 Nov. 
^lii* father, who wfts so much affected by his 
di-ath that he caused the body to He exhumed 
a few days after its interment, died on 14 Feb, 
lTl>^,aged 5o. Ilis mother, C'harlottc IIpu- 
dcrsim, died 20 Dec. 1 775. They were all laid 
together in the same churchyard, 
lliiniiith More deplored IIondLTSon'* un- 

EroHlable way of lite, and ^Ve3ley wrote in 
ifl • Jounini * ihfit 'with as great talents as 
moat men in Knglaiid he bad lived two and 
thirtv years and done just nothing.' A story 
ia tofd, however, ttmt during his stay at Ox- 
ford the uiunu^criptrt whieh be had left in an 
unlocked inink in his father's houge at Han- 
ham were used by a servant as mnteriaU to 
light thi^ fire. Two letters from Henderson 
to Dr. Priestley are printed in the * Gentlc- 
rann's Magarine' for April 1789, and were 
afterwards reprinted in the ' Monthly Reposi- 
tory,' vii. l*R(i-l*l', anti in lluttV *(_NjrrfSjwnd- 
ence of Priestlov,' i. 'Jii^i-T, iM)l-7. He waa 
the * learned and ingenious friend 'who con- 
tributed to the third volume of 'Mi^cella- 
neous Companions, 178ti.' by William Mat- 
thewa, a postacript (pp. 111-15) to a disser- 
tation on everlasting punifihment, and be is 
Raid to have been a member of the ' Bum- 
ham Society,' from the minutes and corro- 
epondence of which a volume on the *Pre- 
existencc of Souls 'was published in 1796, 



A Latin letter from him to J. Uri if prinud 

in the 'Geatteman'AMogajiino' for 1799. pp. 
752-3, OS veil aa an English trtnalatiua 
(1801, pn. 788-91. An anonyiuoua rciliiat 
bv Jn9epn Cottlo of * Foetns, contAtninr John 
t£e B&ptiftt, n Monody to John HeadOHB, 
and a Sketch of hi5 Charactrr/ wu pub- 
lished in 1795. The pieces relating to neo- 
derson were inrlutlm by CTottle in hia later 
volumes of Malvern Hill* aud other Pneai,' 
to the fourth edition of which is 
l«'tter from Hannah More to Hefl 
C^arli'S Lamb pronounced the ' Mon 
be ' immenselr good.' Agiitter's Mnai 
preached at St. George's, Ktngvwood, < 
23 Nov., and at Temple Church, Bristol, fto 
30 yov. 1788, on Henderson's life and death, 
was printwl in that rea.r, and a poetical t-p 
taph bv Amos Cottle is insetted in the • Mn 
vera Jlillc,' p. 2;iS. A print of bis 
trait by W. Palmer, taken at the 
iwrttity-five, is prefixed to the fourth i 
of the la^t -mentioned work^ and a lari 

frint from the name port rait w a* public 
loggin I7W, Anotherengraringby J-Cood 
from a miniature in the pofs««««ion of Job 
Tullin, is in the ' Furopean Magaxinc,' 17^ 

[BoKWcU (Nnpicr'B ed.), )ii :}79, 38{): CottUl 
RpTniniarencM, u. 263-70; MisA Mitford'a Rant' 
lections, iii. 10; Charlw Lamb (AlngcT'i cd.) 
i. 12-14. 312; Tyerman's Flut<*ber, pp. li4-8^ 
Rtiberta'B Hannah Mon'. i. 20«. 214; Fottn'm 
Oxford Keg. ; Koropean Mnfi. xxi t Z~&, 06, 1 "7- 
178. 337-8; Gent. Mnr. for 1786. 1788. "uJ 
1789; KntoNand Qiif^iie^, 'imlier. iii. 18S. 334- 
237 : John Evans'if Poadrrer. ^ip. 104-71 ; twtM 
fmm lh» R^. A. H. I), rhimscoed of St. Oaorgi 
near Bri«toLl W, P. C, 

HENDERSON. JOHN (1 804-1 Pfl?),i 
chitect, son of Jolin Henderson, gardener i 
Brechin Castle, and ' his wife Agnes Tbo 
son,' was bom nt Brechin on 14 June I^W 
In 1814 his father took Rome land at the D)'i 
Brechin, and Blorted inbuaim-Asa^^nniirseryi 
mon. The firm styled John Hi-ndi'rson JtS-m 
still exista. After serving un apprenticeshi|j 
in carpentry in his native town, and studyiii 
drawing and construrtioti, John l>ecam«a 
distant in thoolficeofThnmaBHamlltonrq.^-, 
the architect, nnd afterwards practisra d| 
Edinburgh on bis own account. He mo' 
a special study of Gothic architecture, a: 
hisworksaroalmost exclusively in the pointe 
style. 

Among his ecclesinstical works may 
mentioned the njiire of the old abbey 
parish church, Arbroath, iH^l : St. Maryl^ 
Established rhurch, Dumfries, 1 837-0 ( whiV 
was renovated and reseated in 1879); Mor 
ingside parish church, 1838; Trinity Epti 
scopal Church, Dean Bridge, Edinba 



Henderson 



40J 



Henderson 



iKis; Newhaven parish clmrch>lh3?<; MAri- 
ners' Clmrch, J^itli, Irt40; St. ThomoA'ji 
Church, Leitli, with mttiwCjftchooUhouM'.and 
aatIuid, 1^40; St. Marv's Episcopal Church, 
Dunhlone, 1KI4; St. Coliimha's Episcopal 
t'hiirch, TaAtle Terrace, Edinburgh, |h4'>; 
Trinity Episcopal Church, Stirliiijf, iHlTi, 
taken down in Itt"ft ; St. Andrew's Epi.WDpal 
Church, Fasque, 1*47; St. Mary's Epiicnjml 
Chun'h, Homihon, 1810: St. John's Episeo- 
pftl CTuirch, Olnsgow, ] H.V) (since enlurged ( ; 
St. Slnry'(4 Epi»mpnl Church, Dnlmahoy, 
IHjV); St. huke'i* Free Church, Queen Street, 
Mdinbiiiyh. IHSI ; St. Mnry'a Episcopal 
Church, Arhroath, wllh pnrsoiia^. 1852-4; 
pnviite t'ha(>els St. Michael and All Angela, 
Ardgowan, Ilpiifrewshin-, 1856, and La- 
inin;?trtn, Lanarkshire, ls57; Chrijit Chundi, 
Lanark, LS'iM; St, IVr.'r's EpiKcopul Chunli, 
Montrose, \SnH (rebuilt, the former chun-h 
having^ btvii destmyetl hv fire 7 Feb. lf!57) ; 
St. Baldred'a Episcopal Church, North Ber- 
wick (in the Norman Myle), IWJl-ii, which 
traj8 enlarged in IhCki. lie alr^t denigned the 
niuspum at Montrojus iKlfl; public jichooU 
(with libmrv, htcture linll. &c.), Brechin, 
iM-'Jh; the lligUlimd Society's Offices. No. 3 
(Jeorge IV Bridi;e. Edinburgh, 18.38-10, built 
for and used as the society's mu*eum till 
l(*(J6; Trinity C^lli>ge, (.ilennlmond, IVth- 
Ahirv, IS47, which, with its beautiful dwi^o- 

int«(l chapel, is cnnsiderwl his Itest work (cf. 
EfuiVrfcr, ls"i], with vii*w, pp. 24-o>; and a 
bridge ocnw/t the IVii, Hrechin, IKIU. lie 
coiulucted the engiuecriag works at Burnt- 
inland pier, 

lU'ndorson died at his residence, 7 Greon- 
hill Park, Edinburgh, on "J" June IHAl", aged 
Ife married in tHl3 Tlannah Matilda 
Snly, by whom he had seven children, all of 

' whom sur%'ived him. His eldest son, (ieorgc, 
now practiaes a.s an architect in Edinburgh, 
in the tirm of Hay & Henderson. 

[Information from iho Cioiily; Dict.of Archi- 
lircture; R«lp^vi>'M iJiiM. of Arti-itt'; Pn^wll'- 
iDld niid N'ow KilinhnrKh (Orunl), i. 153. 29.i, 
iii 38, 70, '-'48. 2o!>. .'iO:J ; Olavgow Pimt and 
Prc«?Tit, i, I'M; (imome's Ordufiiice finzelteer 
|of Scotland; I'Mcnou's North Berwick, p. 13; 
^Uck'i IlrnetiiD, pp. ^21—5 ; l-Minburgh Build- 
Chronicle, 185* pp. 25. 79, ISAfl Pp. 80, 
140-1; reffif»!er« of Brechin and EdinbDr^n.com- 
BDnicatrd l»y I>Ariil Winter, esq.] B. I*. 

HENDERSON, JOHN (1780-1807), 
philnnthropirtt, born tn Bomjwslouninws, 
jinlithgowshire, in 17S0, was a aon of \hy- 
bert Henders'tn, merchant and shiprjwnor in 

"that town. With an elder brother, Uobert, 
he Biartvd in bus(ne«$ an a drvsalter in Ula»- 

'irow, and silbw^uently as an ICast India mer- 
chant in London. In 3Iay 1.H42 Uohert was 



drowned, aitd the bu8i^e-^3 was curried on by 
Ifonderaon in partnership with several of hia 
nephews. From lH:i7 Hendenon spent a 
large portion of his income in promoting 
evangelical Chrifitiunity. During the last 
twenty years of hiii life he is computed In 
have contributed to religious and charilublfl 
scheme.'* from flO,000/. to 40,000/. a yenr. The 
maintenance of the Scottiah sabJiatb 09 ■ 
day of «trict cessation from labour and thu 
furthomnce of mitisiouA in India and on the 
continent epocially engrossed his eflbrte. He 
maintained several religious new8pnpers,und 
on one occasion spent •l.(XX)/. in sending a 
copy of a publication lo all thi- railway sor- 
vantfl in tne kingdom in the hope of con- 
vincing them of the sinfulness of Sablmlh 
labour, lie purchsft-'J to a large oxfenl ihn 
Kiofkof the Ivlinhurgli and (ilasgow rail- 
way and divided it among friends whom he 
knew woidd (pppose the running of Sunday 
traiiu;. lijtilway travelling oti Simday be- 
tween Gla^igiiw and Edinburgh was int'er- 
rupted until the amalgamation with the 
North British Company placed HenderRon 
and his supporters in a mmority. Ha gave 
an annual prize to the unlveriitv of Glas- 
gow for the btMt essay on the t)ecalogue. 
He bought and maintained a number of 
mission churches in Gla-sgrtw, and built the 
Ueligious Institution rooms in St. tieorge's 
Place, on<l the mission pn'mi8«'8 for the 
united presbvlerianrhurrh in Virginia Street. 
Though himself conniH'l»*d with the united 
preebyteriRns, and c«>ntnhu1tng largely to 
their extension in l^ondon.he helped every re- 
ligious movement withwhich hefett any sym- 
pathy. Mainly though his inetrunientalitv 
the Evongclical Alliance wa.«eatahlished. The 
only public ofHce that he held in Glasgow 
was tnat of chairman of the lioval Exchange. 
He died at Park. Inchinnan, ^nfrewshire, 
on 1 May 1867. He nmrried in IHI.'ia daugh- 
ter of John M'Kieof Edinburgh, who fiun'ived 
him without issue. 

[Ulivsgow Dnily Hemld, 2 Mar 1807, p. 2, 
col. 3 ; tJiut. M.»g. 1867, pi. ii. 115.] O. O. 

HKNDERSON, JOHN (1797-1878). col- 
lector of works of art and arcbieolngist, bora 
ia Adelphi Terrace, London, in 1797. was 
son of John Heiulcrson and Goorgina Jane, 
daughter of l"teorgcKiaite,F.R.S. Ilis father 
was an amateur artist of great merit, and 
one of the early patrons of Thomas Girtin 
and J. M. W. Turner. who frequently workM 
together in his house, which was next door 
tothatof Dr. Monro [(^.t.! John Henderson 
tht» vounger went at the age of sixtiwn t-i 
Balliot Oolleife, t >Tford, where he gnulualed 
B.A. in 1817 and M.A. in 18->0. He n.-ad 



Henderson 



404 



Henderson 



fur the b»r, but devoted bin lile to tbe^tudy 
of Brcha'olojfv and the collection of Tcorks of 
url. Hiti coileclionfi, which he kept at his 
house, 8 Montague Stro*»t, Hlooradbun-, were 
extreinelv valuable, and weiv formcid with 
learned rfiscrimi nation. lie wasan excoUenf 
artUt, and was a fellow of the Society of 
Antiquaries and other orcbBoIofFicAlEocieties. 
iind a frequent attendant at tlieir niPt'tinir* 
and contributor to thfir * I'nu-iMHlinjf*,* IK- 
died unmorried in IH7H. Ilv llie cifdicil tu 
his will, diiteil 1 Nov. 1677, TffnderstPii b^ 
quuathod to the university of Oxford all his 
Ureek and Roman vases and KgATttinn nn* 
ttquittes; to the trustees of the ltriti.*li 
Museum hi« valuable collection of water- 
colour drawinjf!* by Canulet to. Turner, i i irtin, 
Coxens, l>aviu Cox, and "\V, J. MuUer (now 
in the print rtwm), his collection of Russian 
silver and enamrU, his I)aniascu«. Persian, 
Ubodian,and inajolirAponvlniuHnd jKiiton', 
his nriental and N'euetian uu-tal-wnrk, his 
oriental arras, liirf Roman, (in*ek, and Veniv 
tian glass (iill now in the department of 
tfeneral uritlquities), and tho correspoiitlfnct' 
of hid grandtatlier, Oeorpo Keaio, with \\A- 
tftlro and Dr. lulwanl S'ounjf (now in ibe 
departniBnt of mannsrripls, Add'tt. MS8. 
TO991-2). Tm the truiKtwoof the Naiinmil 
(.liillerybe bequeathed his water-oilourdniw- 
ings by H. Cattermole and 1*. W- Wint, two 
pictures byA.CanaIetto,and any other«of bis 
old masters which ihey might SMl.>ct. Cbarlt-s 
CrtOjwp Ilvodenton ,[q. v.] was his bnitlicr. 
[Privdte iiiforniflliitii.] I*. C. 

HENDERSON or HENRYSON, R*)- 
RKKT (I4;i<) i'-lMW!'), Scottish po«l. [Sw 
IIesrvson.] 

HENDERSON, THOMAS 1 17r>A-Ift44). 
astronomer, bnnt ut Dundee in Scotland on 
1*8 DiT. 179tl, was the youmfett of five chil- 
dren of a respectable tradesman, who died 
early. Tie was educated at the loi^al «chool«, 
and learnt mathematics from Mr. I>unean. 
principal of tlie Dundee Academy, who de- 
scribed him as ' remnrkable for everything 
that was gfiod.' At the age of ^ttevn he 
entered the oilice of Mr. Small, n writer iu 
Dundee, with whom his Ijrnther was in port- 
nership. }le was employed inirtly in clai^si- 
fying the burgh records, and after sis rears 
placed himseli' under a writer to the signet 
in Edinburgh. His business ctqtnbilitiestliere 
nttraeteti the notice of Sir .Jsmes (-tibiM^n 
Craig[q. v.], through whose influence he wa^ 
appointed advocate's clerk to John Clerk, lord 
Kldin [q. v.], and he acted from iHlfl tn 1 8.*ll 
as secretary to the Eirl of Lauderdale and 
Lord Jeffrey. 

Henderson was of a weak constitution, and 



at times nearly blind, but seemed to arquirv 
scienliiic knowledgt- by Inluilton (Ueaxc, 
t 'niitrnty of JCiliftliHiyA, ii. 3ffiJ ). Ihi 
familiaritv with a<tTmnnmical methods, ir^ 

Suiw'd during bif* lelsur* at Dtinile.^, m ^ 
uced him to Professors Leslie and A\ j'i 
and loCaptain Basil Hall 'q.v.' Hejoiiu : ' 
Astronomical Institution of Edinbur):b ",1 
was al1owe<I the u?e of the instnmwTit« 1 
their ob«frrvatori' on the (^"alton I^lill. iS 
showed special dexterity in the cumputifl 
pr>ii-essi« of practical ustronomv, and w (4 
«arded to Dr. Thomas Vnurig [q. v.] in ^H 
an amended metho^l of caloolatiog occnln 
tions, inserted in the 'Nautical Alm*Ti 
for I8i7 and four subsequent years. He 
eeived the thanks of th>* biard of lon^td 
for this improvement, which was publi*li 
in the 'tjuarterlv Journal of Science' (xri 
344, 1^25), anj was followed by sinil 
com m untcations. 

In a paper * I hi the DiffVrvne** -■" 'f ! 
of the Royal Observatories 't( ih- 
Varl^' t Phit. Tfanif. Civii. i'Stl). •■. in [y 
to the Roval Society of London in lHi7. 1 
greatl} added to the value of Sir John Hfl 
Rebel's result by rectift-ing an error in i| 
diita furnished \n him ; and bis discu 
irani<it ob&er^'aliun'^ made on the Co 
In ItSL*" (.VfWuV* Jivytjl A'tr. Soe. 
phowed his early adoption of the (jeiTnwi 
mntbod of deducing the pmbable errors of n- 
suits. The thanks of the Royal A^tronomifl "" 
Society were voted to him in iKItlforvaria 
coriiputotions, including a list of monnn 
minating stars for Sir James Ross's Arvtl 
expedition. He declined all remuueratid 
although much of his small income wa«i 
this time devoted to the support of 
mother and sisters. 

!Ie[id»*n«on's ronnpclion with the Earl 
LinHlerrlale invtilv'^d an annual vUil to ' 
(inn, where he made nianv a«tr-'n'>"ii'«l i!<« 
c(uaintaiices,andwa-« allowed to ■> 
Snith's fine instrument*. He i\i 
peed Dr. Robert Rlair<(/. \^'2>^) ^q. v.] as] 
fessor of practical astronomy at Kdinba 
in l>eoember I82H, although' l»r. Young 1 
supported his claims, besides leaving a 
humous recoromendotion of him as his sn 
cefisorin the superintendence of the* Nautir 
A Imnnac* Pond wn)» nomiunt ed : and Hcndp 
son,thnuf^ invited to co-operate on advanti 
gcou^ terms, chose I o coal iniie lus legal car 
On the death of Kearon Fallows [q. v.] 
1 >*3 1 , he was persuaded t o become royal ostT 
nomer at the Cape of 0«w.id Hope, where " 
arrived in April 183:?. llie instruments ut lu 
disposal were a ten-foot transit by i)oUond,sn 
fldefective mural circle byJones(i'A.viii. Ull 
With Lieutenant Meudowft ut bit sole 1 



Henderson 



4=5 



Henderson 



he mudt^ live or bis llimiNind obaervii- 
1 nf docUnal ion to ascertain tlu* T)lnc**!!i of 
bem htjirfl, obaervL-d Kiicki-s und ItifluV ' 

nets (P/iil. Tratui. cxxiii. 541*; Metnoii-x \ 

ai A»tr. Soc. \\. !5t>), lln> tratisil of Mi-r- j 

rof 5 May I83i li"A. p. Ill't), ocpultarions 

s, and eciipsoa of Jupiter's gatcllite:^, 

Jea makiag Bpecial series of observfliions 

bparallax on Mars »n() tlif moon. lIt•^va4 | 

ertheleu attflWinf; from iucipient heart , 
e, wa* Hfpresse*! !)y many difficultiy.**, : 

IresWiied liis po^t iw Stay iH^t^t. { 

hi hiH return be Mtltlpd itt Kdinbtirgh. 

I devulMl himfielfto \.\w. arduous lAsk of , 
Siicinff his Capo obfiervation^. His ^)1q 
nuLintvnance was a pension nf 100/, u year, 
t'l wliich br liad bt'cnmu eutitK-d on Ibu n- 
»i(piatiou of Lord Kldiii. A dlseui^iun of 
tlio ohwrvutinna of Mnrs, made during the 
■ipposition of November 18;iii, at Greenwit-li, 
the Cape, rambrid^e, and Altona, ^ve him 
fur tht^ tiolur purollux tliu tmprovfd value of ' 
jV-OtiS (I'A. viii. lO^i ; nn<1 hu <ledueLHl, from 
^imuliaiiL'Oiis observations at tin* thri-e firsi- 
namtHl obsfnurories, a lunar |iaraUax of 
57* 1' 8" ( Afonthlt/ Kotiivs, iv. ii2). Ills re- 
duction of Oaprain Foster's observations nf 
tbt^ comet of March 3 830, and a catalof^rue of 
tlie declitiiilitinti of 17:^ tMjuthern start*, >vere 
cuuiuiunicnted by bini t<> the Koyal Astni- 
■lomical Societyin Junp 1 834 and April I KI7 
respectively {Stemoirs, viii. liH, x.4y (. The 
rij^nt asnenAionfi of the same star» were pub- 
lished later (iV>. xv. 121*). Ili.s moul slrilttng 
n-sult was tliediseoverj' of the first authentic 
caso of annual parallax in a lixed star, the 
brillianl double star ti t'entauri. On '6 Jan. 
lHit9, the discovery having been partially 
confinnwl by Mi-adows'solwiervationi?, be nn- 
nonncL'd tn tlio Hoynl Afltrimomical Sorietr 
hiji conctuf>i>>n of a jiarullux of nlniut 1" 
(lately dimiiiiijhed to O""")). iaiplyin>f a real 
fliittanec of nearly twenlv bitli'niti of miles 
{id. xi. t!l>. lis rntiHeationbx Maclenr's suli- 
Mcquent ob^Lcrvations was eommunicat<>d by | 
him on H April 1842 (lA. sii. ;i:>l>). Sym]*- 
toQU of orbital movement in the componenid 
of o Centauri were lirst ailverte<l to by Ilen- 
(lerson in 18.'fi». A parallav of ()"-i.> for 
iitiriufl (i'/j. xi. ^'-iH) and ii nienn parallax uf 
0"-l*9 for twenty southern ulan* {Munthly 
Aoticeit, V. 2:^3) wen' most likely illuiiory. 

Henderson was eieitted a fellow of the 
Koyal Astronomical Society in iHSii, of the 
Koyal Societies of Edinburgh and I^ndon 
respectively in lB34iuid 1840. He became 
the firj»t attronomer-rtjyol fur Scotland on 
1 Oct. 1834. when he was np|)utnted to the 
professorship of practical «i*tronomy in the 
iiniver&itv of Edinburgh, c<jmbim*d with the 
charge ot the Caltou Hill ub^^ervatorv', then 




if»ig^iit>d to the univcruty by the Astro- 
nomical Institution. (I'Vir Carlyle's curious 
iipjilicittKin for the |ior»l ace Vroitdk. Thomas 
Cnrlyh. ii.ityl.) Hm salary was 300/, a year. 
Althohjjh closely occiipieil with the Cape re- 
ductinns, he nia<le witli his; iL^<.i.>ttAnt during 
ten veiini upwards nf sixty thousand obeer- 
vntions, chiefly of planets and zoduLcal stars, 
in ihemftelve* of high excellence, but vitiated 
(as was re|>orted bvthu commission of 1876) 
by lai^ errors, due to the expausireness 
under heat of the sandstone piers of the 
tniu»(it instrument. 

Henderson married in IBSfl the eldest 
dHUt;liter of Alexander Adje, a well-known 
optician in Kdinhurgh ; ber death in 1842, 
slinrtly after the birth of their oalv child, 
waK a shnrk from winch he never (uUy n'- 
etivered. He enjnyed, nevertheless, intensely 
11 trip to the hi^hland^ with lleasel and 
Jiicnbi in the ensuiufif summer. He died at 
Kdinbur^h, of hypertrophy <*f the heart, on 
'2'-\ Nor. IK44, having worlced uutil u month 
befoH' hi.'tdeathr when illne>s made it impoa- 
wible fur him to mount the Caltou Hill, r ive 
volumes of bifi Kdinburgh observations were 
published by himself 18;^— li3, and five more 
l84«}-o2,undcrthe editorship of hia successor, 
rrofi'*-sor Piazzi Smyth. Tlie massof hia Cape 
ob.'K'rvat ions remains unpublished ; their re- 
duction wantetl only a few rav>nth« of com- 
pletion when he died. His pn^face, too, to 
Ijicuilte's * Catalojfiie of Snuihem Stars,' the 
reduction nf which he had supe-rmtendud for 
the TtrilLsb Association, luid to be supplied 
hv Sir John Herschel. 

Henderson possessed considerable malhe- 
matical attainments, and unfailing discretion 
in the applicniionof hi.'* ixuvers. His momorr 
was rvmurhable, and htH aa(uaintan(.-e with 
itindern astnmomical history unusually e.\- 
tensive. He gave no lectures in his own 
otlicisl capacity, but ri-ad a course nn mathe- 
umtict! for I*n>fes»wir Wallace in 1835*6, and 
one on natural philosophy for Profeesor 
Forbes in 1^44. lie computed the orbits of 
s«rveral comets, publi-thinf; his results in iho 
' Astronomisclie Nachriiliten.' He was u|>- 
ri{{ht, benevi>letit. and entbu!>ia«tic ; his dis- 
interestedness left his orphan dauffht^^r with 
little provision, save the product of the (wile 
of his fine libraiy. Her uncle, Mr. John 
Adie, however, let\ her a fortune. 

[Memoirs of Roval Astrommiical Society, xr. 
308 ; Procoftdings Royal S*»ciKy. v. 630 ; Vio- 
cwliags RovmI Society of K<linl'urgh, ii. 8ft 
(Kellaod); f'tiilomphical Mugiuino, xxvii. 60, 
3nl ser; Ana. Keg. 184d. y. 226 ; Ath'*a»am, 
184A, p. 3(W; Sir A. Gram* Story of the Uni- 
lereity of Kditiborgh, i. .181, ii. 362; Ornnl'a 
I Utst.'Fbyeica] Astrosomy. pp. '2X1, 22fl, &61 ; 



1 lenderson 



406 



Henderson 



Gierke's Popular HiKUiry of ABtronfimTt Sod 
ed. p. 46 ; Eoeyel. Brit. 8th ed. i. 863 (Forbes) ; 
Miiooim eouruon/-« pnr I'Acad. des Sciences, 
I. xiiii. p. 60, llniuHft, 1873, 8to; Ch«nib«r»'« 
Biog. Uict. of Etninenr trcutsaieu ; Andrt et 
Itaret's L'AMronutate Pmtiqiio, iu 8.1 

A.J1.C. 

HENDERS0N»\VILLIAM,Mr>.(l8ia- 

1872), hom<ix)]Mithisl, bom at Tbiirso on 
17 Jnii. IhlO. was the fourth ftoti of WilluuD 
llundcrson, sUeriflV^ubHittuU' of Caithnew. 
Afttfrat lend inp t b t» high seUtKil of Edinburgh, 
he studied mtrdicine at the uoirersity there. 
In 18.11 he |fnu]unt^ M.D. at Edlubiirgh, 
and continued h'm studicAfur two rears longer 
in PariN, Jlerliii, and Viennn. tn 1832 he 
wosBp[>oiiited(»hTsiciHn to the Fever IloApital 
in Kuinburcb, nnd subseqiD-nllv jHitliolofpat 
to the Royal TiiHrmary. His acut^ueaa of ob- 
servation %-ery soon n'ttracte<) ottention. To 
the* Edinburgh Medical and SitrgicnlJoumal' 
he contributed, betwix-n \t*^i't and 1B37, a 
seriea of clinical studies on the heart and 
larffer blood -resseU, in which occurs the firs.t 
notict) (tf ilu! munnur of efflux in a case of 
jincculated aortic nnLMirism, while he was also 
the tirst to ilnmoui^trate ojt a dingnoKtic Hicn 
of aortic refiur^itation that * the nidial pulfle 
followed That of the heart bya longer i 11 temil 
than usual.' In ItJ^ ho waa eUvied fellow 
of the Royal College of Physicians of Edia- 
burgh, being already a loember of the Medico- 
Chirurgieal Sx:iety of that citv. As early 
aa li^l he etnployed the mii'ruson|)e in the 
tnatumy of the lung in pneumonia, in mol- 
luscum conlogiimum, unu other pathological 
studies. In lH42 he was iippointed to the 
chair of general i»athnlogv in the university 
of Edinburgh, and in liie following year, 
during iho epidemic of typhus and n>bipfing 
fever, he wus t he tirst to i«how, !>n invfutable 
grounds, ihnt these two fcverB, usuollv con- 
founded, were in reality difitinct, and clue to 
dilierent causes. 

In 1H45 he disappointed his friends, who 
anlicijHited fur hiui a career n^ distinguished 
as Ab«'rcrombie*e, by adopting homa*opathy. 
He resigniHl hi^ appointment at the Royal 
Infirmary, and lost mn.4i of hiji practice. Ills 
onUeagaes withdrew from asiuiciutiun with 
bim, and, led by Professor Syme, endea- 
vourwi to oust htm from his chair of patho- 
lng>". but failing in thia, thev next tried, 
also unsuccewfully, to exclude potbul<vy 
from the obligatory curriculum of study. 
Henderson's iirst publication on homoeo- 
pathy, eti titled 'An lni)uiry into the ITomoeo- 
pathic Practice of ^(ediciae/ 8to, I^ndon, 
Edinbui^h (printed), lK4o, drew from Dr. 
(afterwards hir) John Forbe* (1787-1801) 
W* ^-] * pUin-«poken article in the * Briti»fa 



and Foreign Medical t£«Tivw' for Jamarr 
1B46, called * lloma-opathy. AlWoathv, :l! 
Young Physic,' whicb lilttmatelr !■ : ' 
Forbe»'« rv*tgninp the t'ditorship ot lb*; ^ 
riodicttl. Hendrrson'a * Letter to Foriw, 
which appeared in the 'Jtr'''*'' T.,,.r-.i ,Y 
lIomaj*Jiittthy' for ISIIi, an 
raL<wil him in pul)ltc e^tm 
did not mitigate the oppo- 
coUeagues. In 1k51 the 1 
cions intimated to him that he -. 
either to resign his fellowship < . 
expulsion, but the intimatioa - 
lowevl up by any action. In i 
the same year lie was e^tpellcJ Jr^i;: '■- 
Medictv-Chirurgical Society, to the pr»^i<i''tA 
of which he ndtlnwisnl n * Lt.>ttt-r. . ,nn tkf 
recent siieeches of Pn»fep*8ont Sy me and Sinp- 
BOU,'pnhlifihed in ibe ' llouicponathic T:-r'-',' 
in u volume called ' Ilomttopathv,' IK' ' 
separately. He further r-y'-- -^ *-^ 
tagQnist» in a ' Letter to 1 ' 
Univeraitvon the Late 1: 
Medicol taculty,'6vo. EJiii i 
Joum.r-fJlonnr*tptithy,\\\. ■ 
to iyiT i. J . tSimpson'it ut larks on bntun-i > 
Henderson wnite a ' Heply to Dr. Siiijj - 
pamphlet on Hom<i?opathy,an«t S«-rnT i Lii- 
lit«u of the Letter to the Prvsel-iit ■■: lii- 
Medico-Olururgical Society, with a lV*t- 
script,' 6vo, Edinburgh, ii*5L*. and * Ho- 
moMHWtby fairly represented, in • >• 
Simpson's " Homisopatby mi^ri 
8vo. Edinburgh. 185.3 cJnd edjt. -an 
'J'fi n.>ughout this lengt lie ued con trover 
der^on showe«l tacl and temper, final^ 
ning hack the e»t»H;m of the more gvoep 
of his opponents. His [tamphlets arei 
of acute reasoning, playful iroaj, and | 
natured banter. 

In iWltsymptoms of that di9*}asoinwhH 
he bad miide bis first rcsearche* decltn _ 
themseU es, and I f endr>rson resigned h* 
chair, and all but a titilu consultint; pno 
tice at hi.4 0wn house. He dirtl 
iu Edinburgh on I .\pril 187:-' 
2 April 187 l\ p. -4). In privatt? iti-- w- 
and accomplishments niutlf him a drlightl 
companion. Ho waa also author i)f: L'l 
ter to the Lord Provost iu n feri'uce to 
tain charges against Queen's College fay '. 
S>-rae,' eivo (Edinburgh, 1^401. '2. *A I 
tionary and Concordance of the Nama < 
Persons and Places, nnd of ^omf of the 1 
Remarkable Terms which occur in ibe . _ 
(Md and New Testament,' t^vo, Ediaborghr 
1869. 

[Brtl. Joam. of Uomcpopathy, xxx. fil7-33; 
riiimtEopathic WorM. rii. I16~I8; Mnlieal Di- 
rectory. 1872 and 1R73 : Cat. of Printed Books 
in Adrixrates' Librury, iii, "'•IL] O. G. 



HENDLEY, WILLIAM (10S*1}'-1724), 
diTtne, born about ItiDI iiC lle&ralead, Kent, 
the eecuad son of William llendlcy of 
;Iuun, in tliu wnie coiintv, and Elizabeth 
Ixie wife (W. Uebrt, L'uunty Qfnealogiett^ 
Kent, p. 17.^). On 26 Moy 1708 he wu ftd- 
itted a fdzor of Pembroke College, Cam- 
ridge, uid graduated B.A. in 1711 {CoUeffe 
'J^juter). He waa ordained to the curacy of 
Ayleaford, Kent, but in October 1710 waa 
elected to tlie lectureship of St. Jumes, 
"Clerkenwell (Pisx, CV<T/t<v(nW£, etl. Wood, 
nd edit., p.OJl ). He took part in tbe Dan- 
,T>riaa controvuray by issuing ' An Appeal 
o the Conaciences anil Common Sense ol tbe 
Chrifltian Laity, whetlier the Bishopof Bangor 
in his IVeservative, &c., hath not given up 
tbe Itighta of the Church and the Powers of 
tbe Christian Priesthood,' »vo, London, 1717. 
A warm udrocate of charity seliools, I lendley 
Yireached a Bt*rmou at Chisluburttt, Kent, ou 
s4 Aug. 17 18 for llie benefit of tbe poor cliil- 
dren belonging to St. Anne-within-Aldera- 
Ifute, London. Tht^ lociil jiisticcH of tbe peace 
suspected that the fiindi^ lor which Uiiudley 
appealed were really intended for the l*ro- 
tender, and attempted by forccto prevent liim 
and the rector of Cbii^lchurst from making a 
collection. Ilendley and tbe rector p€r^istt!d, 
and with the three Inistees, who bntl acted aa 
collectors, were brought to trial on 15 July 
1719, on the charge of intending to procure 
to tbemsclvea unlawful gains under tbe pre- 
tence of collecting eharilie^ for tbe Kiiuten- 
ance of boys and k'lrltt. A fine of (V. 8//. each 
y^HB impi^Hjd by tliu judge. Defoe published 
n VtriUmrit account of the trial, entitled 
•Charity still a Christian Virtue* (L(;K,i#/i*, 
^T., Iff l)r/oe, i. IU*J-14 ). A curioim fninti- 
ftviec<\ by S. Nicliols. depicts the scene in tbe 
rtinrch. Ilendlfv printed hisHermon in 1720, 
wilb tbe iiiIl* ''Ihf liich Man's pro|XTllttmH.* 
JMfAnwhile in (Jctuber 17lM lu* bad l>«'en ai>- 

JM)int4-<! lecturer (if St. Murv, Islington, .Mid- 
llesex {LEWi»,/x/(/ji^/o«,p. I l.'tj.uudwahaUo 
chaplain to Charles, lord Filzwaller. Ilend- 
ley died in the autumn of 17-'4, for hii will, 
dated 26 Aug. of that year, was proved on 
6 Oct. following (P. C. C. 220, Bolton). He 
.desired to be bnrieil in Islington church- 
yard, near tlie gravy of Archdejicon Corne- 
liu« Veato, his former vicar. By his wife 
Bithinh, daughter of .Tohn lloneycott, clerk 
and maslerof theclmrity stchool of St. James, 
Clerkeuwell, he left a lUiugbter, Mary, to 
Trhom be left property which he derived from 
bis father at Ileme and rBVersham, Kent. 

Ilvndluj wrote, in addition to tbe works 
already noticed : 1 . * Loimologta Sacra, or a 
Discnurse shewing that thePU^e . . , i« sont 
inunediately from Uod . . . AVtth an appen- 




dix, whin-in the case of Hying from a pesti- 
lence is briefly constder'd,'rivo,Ijondon, 17i'l. 
2. 'The Ureal BleH.sedne.«8 of Communica- 
ting. Being an euruest exhortation to the 
Holy Communion , . .AVitb a brief explana- 
tion of the naturu of the Lard's Supper. . . . 
Second edition . . . enlarged,' Svo, London 
1 723. 3. * A Defence of tbe Chority-Scboolik] 
AVberein the many . . . Objectioiu of . . ^ 
the Author of tbe l*"able of the Bees [B^r*] 
nardde .MandpvilleJ and Gato's letter uitha 
British Jourriiil . . . are . . . answer'd. . . . Tc 
which is added . . . ibe PrK«entment of the 
Cirand Jury of tbe Briiish Journal,' 4to, Ixn> 
dou, 1725; published by subscription aller hit 
death. 

[lUgifters of St. James. Clorkenwell (Harl. 
Soc.); Pinks ClerkonwoU (Wood), 2nd wL. pp. 
621-2,755.] G.G. 

HENEAGE, Siit THOMAS (d. 160G), 
vice-cliambcrlain ofQueen Elizabeth'shouse- 
hold, was eldest sun of Robert Hene&ge of 
Lincobi, auditor nf the duchy of Ijinc-iutter, 
and surveyor of the queen's woiids btryond 
Trent, by bis first wife, Lucy, daughter and 
co1iein>s9 nf Ualph Bucktou of licuiswcll, 
Lincnln-ibin'. 

The father, wb") was fourth son of John 
lieneaKt>Df] lain tun, near Wragby, Lincoln- 
shire, died in Ifirill, and was buried in St. 
Katberine Cnn? Church, I^ndon (MiCHTX, 
Diitnj, Camil. Soe., iii. 1011). He had three 
bnMlier«, Tbomns, George, ant) John, who 
W4>re ihii^ uncles of tbe vico-chamberlaln. 
The eldest, Sin Thomas Hr.yRAmi the eldur 
id. 156^), with whom the vice-cbamberlain 
is often confused, was in early life gentleman 
uslier to Wolsey, iM-came gentleman of the 
king's pri\-%' chamber after AVolsey's fall, and 
aclix'ely supported Cromwell's eccl*-siastical 

iwiiicy. \\ bile engaged in »iippres*in>f tbe 
'ieteR'ian abbey near Louth, Lincolnshire, in 
OctoU-r I'lCtti, be was severely attJicked hj 
an angry mob, and tbe ttneitte proved tha 

frelude to the great rebellion known aa tha 
'iIgTimageof<irfice. lleneage woe knighted 
by Henry VUI on 160ct.l637,and received 
many grajitd of lauds belonging to the dit- 
Mlved monasteries. He died on 21 Aug. !'►{>», 
and was buried in llainton Church, where a 
monument with efligies in braas of himself 
and hi.i wife still remains. Uia extant lut- 
ters to WoUey and otiiera an' full of enter- 
taiuiug court goasip. He marrlfd Katha- 
rine, daughter of i^lr John Skipwitb, and 
had an only daunhter, KlizaV-tli, who wsa 
the first wifM of Sir William WUlougbhy, 
first lord Willougbby of Parham. 'Hie next 
brother. Giwitati Hkxlagb {d. ir>4li), dean 
and archdeacon of Lincoln, graduated LL.B. 



■Uta 



I 



idgB in loll), and wm incorpo- 
Oxfunl in |o22; ww chaplain to 
AVolMy and 1<i John Loii^Unil, bi«hop of 
Ijinooln; lield prebcnd.t iiiLincuIn.Salihbury, 
and York CathedrDU: becaiiiH treasurer of 
Ijiucoln ta i'yJl, nrchduacon of Oxford in 
1522,dcan of Lincoln in luJH, archdeacon of 
Taunton m lo3^i, rtTt»»r of Sutton Coldficld, 
Warwick '■bir*', mid i-u&t08 of ibe coll».»ge of 
't'ttttcrsall in l')^4.andarchdeacon of Lincoln 
in 1542. lie resigned the deanery of Lin- 
coln for a ptn-tinn lH>J'ure 1544, but ivmained 
arclideacitn ut Jjncoln til) Iuk death, about 
•September I54U. lie \va>4 buried in Linc.(>In 
Cathedral ( ctCooPEK, Athrmr Vantabr. i. «.'», 
M7; Wood. Fmti, ed. Blisu, t. (U. 03, 124; 
IjK S'bve, Fasti). The third brother, John 
Hcnfvure, bad two wins, George (J. 150<>) 
and >Vtl]iani (tt. IftlOl, both nf whom acted 
IIS ^beriflV ot' Lincolnshire, nnd both of whom 
wert" kniffhted. 'flie hilter'a sonTliomuwu 
alRO kniKhted iu 1(H).'3. 

llcnea^'e, the viee-cbamberlain, matricu- 
Iflt I'd from IJueens't'ollpKe. Cambridge, in Maj? 
ir>49, and was ck't'Ied M.P. for Slomford in 
155.'! On the death of his father, '27 July 
1554), be succeediHl to hisi e^^taieK. Queen 
Klizabeth appointed hiui a geiitleuiuii of the 
privy chamber soon after her accession, nnd ho 
oat In the pHrliamfUt of loOl* .'J as M.r. for 
Boston, When attending the queen on her 
viait to ('ambridgo in August 1564, he wag 
created M.A. In I'mki be wa« admitted to 
(iray'a Itiii, and alHUiT January lt>6{>'-70 waa 
appointed troasun't of the tiueen's chamber. 
rto waa M.FV for Linroln^hire in the parlia- 
menta of 1571 and 157:2, and for Ecsex from 
1585 until hid death, llr waa knighted at 
Windwr on 1 Per. 1577, and was appointed 
by Sir William Cordell master of tne rolla, 
with hia brother Michael (we below) keeper 
of the records in the 'lower about the oajne 
time. SfpHic dixptile as to the fees due to 
t liem as ' nieinberii and min inters * of the court 
of chancery arose in 15^-2 {cf. Jijvrtvn Papers^ 
Camd. Soc, p. II]). l[enenK:o sat on the spe- 
cial commissions for the trials of Dr. William 
l*arrv, 25 Feb. 1581-5; of Sir John Perrot, 
Lili March 1591 !i ; ..f ratriek O'CuUon, 
«'l Feb. ir»((3— 1; and of Uoderigo Lopez, 
25 h^eb. 159iM. In May 1585 he and Sir 
Wall«r Rali'gli wery ftpjKiiriti'd to inquire 
into a diepiile about the mnMim of Knirlish 
captives in Barbnrv, and tbpirn'pon isprinted 
in Edward-tA ' Lift* of Ualegh," ii. l*t> .*t2. 

Elizabeth trusted lleneage. It waA reported 
in 1^66 that he was in $uch good favour with 
her as to excite tlie jealousy of l^iccslor 
( Wkioht, Elhtthcth, i. LM)i>). He and his wife 
consUutly exchange<l New-year's gifts with 
her, and aho made htm many valuable grants 



of land, chielly in Essex. On 13 Aag. lo4 
the queen granted him the roveriion of thei 
tale of CopthjiU Elsaez, where bo subsequeoU 
erected an elaborate muuion from ibe i 
of John Thorpe. In November 1570 1 

duc«'d the town of Colchester to make] 

wood Heath over to him ; in 1573 ^ht* gif 
him the manor and rectory of Knping; 
I67B the manor of Brett^ in Weistuaiuik 
nels, and a share in the manor of Br 
sea. He received in later life the : 
Rareneton and Stokt- tiuldinglon, Buckia^l 
hamshire, with other Innda in Northampton-^ 
shire (about l5HSt: the manor and hospital 
of Homing, Norfolk, funuerly beloogiog to 
the «ee of Nnrwieb ( November 15^). John, 
lord Lumlt-y, also made overtohim ttie] 
of Helf holme. Yorkshire, which Edf 
ton a]»o claimed. In 15*>f5he waa^ 
othce of receiver and tn-aiurer of the tentfi 
of the prutits of dolt manulucture, under ill 
uat^'nt granted to Francis llertip of Antwi-q 
In l^>^ll th.-neagi>8ubscribed l!00/. forEdwan 
Kenton 'a exp»'dition to Cathay (CVi/. Sta 
iW*-", Colonial, 1518-lOltJ, Noe. 183,l83li 

When I^ioctter offended the cnieen byi 
cepling the governorship of theLowCou 
tries in l'ebruur>' 1586, Ueneage was sent I 
bearexprcssionsof thequeen's displeasure. Ill 
was instructed to inform the States Qc 
thiit Ktizabeth would not permit l^c 
hold the oflice to which tiiey had ap 
him. In the course of the negotutioiu 1 
somewhat strained bis directions by lidUll 
the Stales General that the nueen m'onld M 
make pf^acc with Spain wntuout consultln 
them. Elizabeth hotly resented this I " 
sion, and wrot*.* fiercely to Henoage, repudis-l 
ting hia words. Finally, in May be succeeded 
in reconciling for the time the conflicting par- 
ties, and on his ret urn to England in Jane wan 
received with fitvonr by the queen {cf. /<j|f- 
rrstrr, Vorrtsfondmre, Camd. Soc, iiaspim} 
In .September 15HD he auccet'ded Sir I'UK* 
lopher Hatlon [q. v.] na vicc-fhamberlain i 
the royal houi^pliold, and became a privy com 
cillor. He was paymaster of the forces raiMdl 
in July 1588 to rc$ist the Spanish Armada. 
Writing to Leiee-ster on 17 July he informs 
him of a conference at which he was present 
respecting the best means of meeting a pt«* 
sible attack by the enemy on London. \\i~ 
became chancellorof the duchy of Ijinca*ter( 
and high ateward of Hull in 1500, and aeema| 
to have removed from his private residencCi, 
known as Heneage House, in Bevia Marks* 
to the olHcial mansion inthe Sa^oy connected 
with the duchy of Lancaster. Iliere be en- 
tertained the queen on 7 Dec. 16(>-l, although 
in the early months of the year be had, like 
Eseex, been out of favour wi^tb her, and there 



[eneage 



409 



Henfrey 



be ilied on 1" Oct. lo9o. lie wa& buried on 
'-'0 Nov. in the chapel of the Virgin behind 
the choir in St. l^iul's Cathedral, iind nn 
elaborate raonmui-iit, with recumbent Ugurt-a 
of himsfll* iinil tiis tirAt wife, and an in- 
scription, u»ertbe<i lu C'umdcn, was [ilaood 
ab<)V*3 his Knive. 

JleneageV frit^'ndfl ineluded Sir William 
Pickurin^f. of whrwc will he was nn executor, 
and the expt-n^-s of whoirn inouuuiiMit iu St. 

En's Church, Uishopd^ale. he hi-lped to 
y; Sir Christ ophtT Ilatton, with whom 
lA in repeated correspondence, both oiU- 
<ially and privntelj'; ^^ir IMiihp r^idney, who 
-iicqueiithco to him a jewel worth 20/. ; and 
Trficcslor. who left him jewels or plate worth 
_ 10/., and i<t>eaksariiiin in Win willus lu» gottd 
old friend. \Villiam Fleetwood (loiJo?- 
1504) [q. \.\ often ftaw him in I^ondon, and 
retfardetl him an a 'g'entlemnn of reputation' 
<\Vbi«mt, Klizabfth^ ii. IW 20). Ileneuffe 
and his first wife were also friendly with John 
Foxe[q. v.], the martyrologist, while the lat- 
ter lived lit Waltliam, in the neig^hbourhood 
«f Ileneage's manstoa of Copthall. Foxe 
dedicated to ilencage an appendix to his 
• DeOlivn Kvnoffeliea,' l.")77. Tobie or Tobias 
Jkltithew wa:^ another pn)te(fP, and Heneage 
tir^'ed liifl promotion to the deanery of l)ur- 
Lara in ISbl. In 1594 ho promised K&»ex 
to ftsftiat in the promotion of Bacon to the 
v&caot wlicitor-gencral^hip. 

lleneaffe's hret wife wns Anne, daughter 
of Sir S'icholas P»>ynlt of Iron Acton, 
Oloucesterehii-ejWho <iieil at Modaey, Surrey, 
on 19Xov. 1593 (of. Vmtativn of Gloucettei^ 
.'Aire, Ilarl. Soc, xxi. 13-1). A portrait of 
her, belonging to Charles 13urler, esq., was 
exhibited at the Tudor Kxhibitiou in 1890. 
By her \ie had a daughter^ Klixabeth, born 
on July 1550 in l^undon, who married 
in 1572 Movie, eldest son of ISir Thoaias 
Finch, and w a« ancejitnvs of the Finclien and 
I-'inrh-I lat tona, earls of Winchil.Hea [^«ee under 
KlSCH, Silt TlloM.\», adjiu.] Heneuge'K n- 
cond wife (whom he married on 2 May 1594) 
was Mary, eldeet duught'T of Anthony 
Browne, first viscount Montagu, K.ij., and , 
widow of Ilenrv "NVriothesley, earl of South- 1 
nmpton. Mil- afterwards married Sir William 
llervey, and ditsj about ItX)7. ' 

Manyoflleneage'Alettersnre at the Record 
Office and among the Uarleian, I>ansdowne, 
andCuttonian mamiscriptsat theB^iti^hMu- I 
wum. Two are printed in AV right's ' Eliza- 
beth/ ii. 37h. 40SI, and one is in ' I>etter9 of 
Eminent Literary Men/ Camd. Soc., p. 48. ' 
fourteen of hia letters to Ilatton appear in 
llicolaas » Life of Sir Christopher Ilalton.' 

UiUfBAnK, Michael (1540-ltWO), anti- 
qaary, Sir Thomaa'a younger brother, elected 



fellow of St. John's Collejfe, Cambridge, in 
1563 (B.A. 1562-3, M.A. 15tJfi), was chosen 
M.P. for Arundel in 1571, for East lirinstead 
in 1572, for Tavistock in Februari.- J5fi8-9| 
and for Wigan in Febniary 1592-3. With 
ills brother Thomas, Mtchad was appointed 
a keeper of the records in the Tower about 

j 1678, and appliwl himself energetically to 
the dtitii-s ot nil: office, lie was a member 
of the .Society of Antiqunrie.*!, founded in 
1572, and two papers by aim read before the 
sorit'ty — 'of the Antiuuily of Arm.s in Eng- 
land/ and * ofBterliug Money '—were printwi 
in Ileame's 'Curious Discourses/ 2ud edit, 
i. 172, ii. 321. A manuscript by him. • Col- 
lections out of various Charters. &c., relating 
to the Noble Famtlif* in England,' is in the 
Cottonian Library (Claudiua CI.) Tlie uni- 
versity of Cambridge thanked him for the 

i aiwfttance he rendered to Hobert Ilaro [q.v.J, 
the compiler of thn nniversitv records, and 

I Thoma.'i Milles acknowledges his aid in his 
'Catalogue of Honor.' lie livi^ for many 

I vears in the pari&h of St. Catharine Coleman, 
EondoD, but possessed some landed propertv. 
chiefly in Essex. He died on ao Dec. 1000, 
having niarrieil, on 12 Aug. 1577, Grace, 
diiughter of Kobert 1 lonejnvtHjd of Charing, 
Kent. She survived him, and bylii'r he had 
a familv of ten children (Coopkk, AUtence 
CuHtnb'r. ii. 203). 

[For ttio ;^n«ilogy sw Rpgistsr and Mag. of 
Ri«>g.. 1869, ii. B »q. ; Hemid and OenfmlogiM, 
ii!. -IIB ; Lfl Nyrt^'a IVligreeof Kn>glira in Ilarl. 
Soc. viii. 181, For Life of the Tice-cbambcrlain 
Nco Cooper'a Alhene Cnntabr. pp. 1U2 i>q., 548; 
Unmot'e Essex - Nichols's I'rogres^M of l^uuen 
Elizabeth; Lodge's Illtutnitiunti ; Strype's An- 
nala ; Wright '« Qurcn Elizabeth ; Camden's 
.\nnaLs; Nioola^'s Life of 8ir ChristuphAr 
Ilattoii ; Bireh'a Mt-moirfi of Qufun Klixalwlh; 
wills from DoctorB'Conimoti8(Cnnid.Soc.),p.7l; 
Ovcrair.'. ReuiimLniDi'ia. pp. 230, 281. 407.1 

R. u L 

HENFREY, AUTHCR (181S>-18i59), 
bolaiii.st, was born of Engli^h parents at 
Aberdei'ii on I Nov. I8ll>. ile studied 
meilicine and surgery at St, llnrtholomew's 
Hospital, London, and wns admittcil a mem- 
ber of the College of Surgeons in 1843. 
Weak health and a tendency To asthma ren- 
dering mediral practice impossible, he took 
to scientific pursuits, especially botany. 

In 1847 he lectured ou plants at the medi- 
cal .<ehool, St. Lieorge's llospital; succeeded 
Edward Forbes [q. v.] in the botanical chair 
ut King's College in 1863; and was ex- 
aminer in natural history to the Royal Mili- 
tary Academy and also to t he Society of Arts. 
He' was elei^led an associate of thoX.inneau 
Society in 1843, and a fellow in the next 



Henfrey 



410 



Ilenj^ham 



year. llenfW-y wna UTfatly esteemetl by bis 
cunt«mporari«« Uiv bi» isTinjmtlietic tlwpcwi- 
Tioii,geDMl manners, and uev4:r- failing rviuli- 
i\t'.M to nbligu ami lii>lp bis colleng'ucs. He 
died nt TumU&m Grtwn on 7 Sept. IWiO. Tie 
inarriod Klizabctb Anne, eldest daugbter of 
tiit'Hon.JabczIlenfrey, Henry Willititullon- 
frov [q. v.", tbe nuraismtitist, was bis sun. 

ilenfrev wrote : 1. ' Aniitflmical Manipu- 
latious,' I'&li, in conjunction with A. Tiilk. 
*J. 'Outlines of Structural und IMiysioIogical 
Ilotany,* IK47, .*t. ' Kt-ports and i*iip<T« on 
Botanv,* Uhv Socii-tv, l»4y. 4. 'Tbu Rudi- 
ment/ of fiot any;* 1840; 2nd edit. ISTiO. 
5. *Tbe Vfgftatiou of Europe, its Condi- 
tions and Causes/ 185:.\ 6. *Tbc U<.'lntion8 
of Botanical Science to other Bmnchcs of 
Knowlodgf,' il^Vi. 7. 'Introductory Ad- 
dress, KingV College, London/ 18.^, 8. * An 
Elementan' Counw uf Bolanv,' 1867 ; fourtb 
pd. 1BH.J. 'P. *0u tbe Educational Claim* 
of Botanical twiencp/ ]8*>7. Uv also trans- 
lated; 1. *0n Vegetable CVlIs,* by C. Nii- 
gylli; for tlu- Kuy Society, 1840. ± 'Cbemi- 
uul Fifbl l-*!ctim't*,' bv J. A. Stiickhordt. 
1847. 3. 'TUt! Kurtb,VlaiitB. and Man/ hv 
J. F. Scbouw, 1847. 4. 'The Tlant/ hy 
M. J. Schleideu, 1848. •% * Principles of tbe 
Anatomv of tbp VL-ectable Cell/Ly H. von 
Mobl, 18.51. llcwhipd: l.'SrienliHc Me- 
moirs (New Si'rie*i, Natural HiHlory)/ 1837, 
in conjunct ion wil h Profee.sor Huxley, 'J. *Tbe 
Botanical Oaxette/ 1841), 3,/Jounialof tbe 
Pbiitographic Society/ vols. 1. and ii., 18.VJ. 
4. * AlicrogTtipbic Diciionory/ lS.i4, iu cm- 
jnnction witb J. W. Griffith. 6. A revised 
iind enlarged edition of G. W. Fmncis's [q. v.] 
'Anatomy of rbe British Kerns/ I800. 

The genus llfn/nya of Lintlley^ a bond- 
some genua nf ' .Vcantliucti;?/ is mei^d iu 
A9^9tasia of Blume. 

rProc. Linn. Soc. 1850-CO, p. 23 ; AUieniDum, 
Jnly-UccKinbcr IHd9.p. Hit : Joomiil of Bot any, 
1889, p. 82 : Jjixkson's Guiilo Lit. Uot. p. bhl ; 
Brit. Mtjs. Cat.] B. I). J. 

HENFREY, llENUySVILLIAM 1.1852- 
1 IS8I ), uuiuiamalUt, bom in London on 6 July 
1862. was eldest son of Arthur Henfrey tbe 
botanist [q. v.J.and was educated at Brighton 
College, but waspreventedbyanaccidunt from 
1»rocwding to Oxford. Ho was encournged 
in his natural bent for archaeological and 
numismatic atudic^ by Peter Cunningham 
(181<»-18«9) [q.v.], .Joseph Bonomi (r7y<i- 
1878) [q. v.], and Admiral Smyth. One of 
his first numismatic writings was a paper in 
the ' English Mechanic ' on tbe Queen Anne's 
farthings. He joined the Niunismatic So- 
ciety of Londim in 1868, became a member 
of the council, and contributed to Its pro- 
ceedings twelve papers, chiefly ou Knglisb 



ci>in» and medal^s'^^hich were priiite<i lu ihe 
' Numiiiniatic Chronicle.* He wa» a furv'tj^n 
member of the Belgian and French numi*- 
malic e»ocicties, and of sereral .Vmerican k>- 
cietieti. He was elected a member 'A :lr 
British Arclucological Association In '^7' 
and contributed papers to it-s j 
espH'tally on tbe medals uf Cr : 
on the coins of Bristol and Nor\\ki'. \\ 
tbe time of his death he was arranging fcl 
the pn>5s a history of Engtibh country miaUL 
for which he Iiail bcmn fur many years eot^ 
led ing material. This, however, liaAnotbMi 
puhlisbetl. In lh70he publi^bod 'AGuid 
to the Study of English Coins/ London, Sfi 
(2nd edit, by C. F. Kcnry, London, 18S5,^ 
8Tn'), a well-Knnwn and useful little hand 
book; and in 1877 bis principal work, ifa 
•Niunisraato Cromwelliana,' London, -Itt 
giving a full account of the coin?, meiUll^ 
und seal* of the protectorate. Henfrey di«l," 
aft^r ret liming from a visit to Italy, on 31 July 
188 1 at WidmoreCottagc, his mother's hooic 
at Bromley, Kent. 

[Proceedings of N'unuainatic Soc, pp. SL : 
in Numismatic ChroDicIa, 18H2, 3nl eer vnllC 

W. W. 

HENGHAM or HINGHAM, RALPE 
Pt: \d. i:Jll ), judge, son uf 81/ Aiidrew 
Heiighani or Hingbnm, wns twrn ' '-' * 
dr»'w'« Mnnnr, llengliam nr llm. 

folk, during the second (junrtt.*r >■- '..-t\ 

teeuthi-enturv. Likenioj-tofthngreat lawye 
of bin time he wa*t an w:cU«iB!*t ic. < hi 20 Ck 
1 274 he wo^s preferred to tbe pre b»:nd of Mc 
Ion -cum-Wh addon in the church of He 
fyrd; ou 19 Oct. 1275 he wasappuuited lotfc 
ehancell'tnihip rif t lu- diiKH-st- o! Exeter, whi 
he resigned m 1279. In 1280 he rcc*iv 
the prebendul stall of Cadington Major 
the church of .St. I'auI'F:, which he heldunlj 
bis death. On 1*J Nov. 1287 he was 

I minted to the urcbdeaconr}- of \Vnn"e»tj 
»il re-t<igned the otUci- in the following ve^ 
(Le NEYn, Funti, i. 417, 612. ii.3Gl>,iii/7( 
His rise os a lawyer must have Wen raii 
In 1270 he wni« appointed jnstico of 
king's bench, with a salarj-of 40/. per timu 
In Jfovember 1272 be was trunsferred 
Edward I to tbe common pleat*. In Micbarf- 
ma* term 1273, or eiwu afterwards, be re- 
turned to the king's bench, of which be WW 
chief justice in November 1274, with aaala 
()f!^ixty marks per annum. In the parliame 
of 1289-DU be was accused of fal^' judgme 
and false imprisonment, convicted, dlamu* 
from office, and sent to the Tower, but waa I 
leaded on payment of u 6ne wUicli contemp6*' 
rary chroniclers represent as of the enormous 
amount of 8,000/. The coae is mentioned 09 a 
precedent in the year-book of ibc second year 



A 



Hengham 



411 



Hengist 



of Richan.! Ill (Mich. f. 2:i|,but thi- offence 
is there iitatMl to liave consisted in the t&Ui' 
ficrttiitn nf a record, in ordor to reduce a line 
iruposwl on a poor nion from 13*. 4rf. lo Hi. Sd. 
Not biDg Is fiaid of t lie committal to the Tower, 
and the amount of the tine is given as ei|?ht 
hundred mnrktt. Acconling to a tradition 
irbich Hrsl roakett itH 8i>i)eaninco in 0»ke'a 
• liLStitutes' (pt. iv.i'uu), the iiniiwasapijlied 
to buildini;^ a tower in Palace Viii-d,o[)[)0.*iie 
the entrance lo Westminster llall, witli a 
clock which struck the hours to «a to be 
heard within the Iinll. There appears to be 
no reason to doubt that a clock-tower which 
stood on the spot indicated, and was not 
pulled down until 1715, was erecli'd towards 
the ciost> of the thirteenth century, lu the 
\imv of IClizaheth the tradition wag mj well 
known that Ju»licM Soiiihcottf, in rvfiiHiiig 
to alter a record, ofaf<erved that he did not 
mean to build a nlock-tower (Stow, Survtn/ 
*'/ WeiitminAttr, ed. Strjpe, vi. 65; .Inhav 
t'tffia, V. 427. xxxiii. lOJ. The some formula 
was used by Chief-justice Holt on a similar 
uccusion. After the demolition of the tower 
its site woH marked by a sundial, with the 
motto ' iJiturile juKtilium moniti,' until the 

resent centurylSMiTirj.l/i/i'y. U'eftni.^.*2b). 

"otwithstandinfT liisdi^^niice, llenfilitim was 
moned to the parliament ef March l<'iUO 
_ tfwjuttticof and others of the council; 
emnissioned to perambulate the forests 
the counties of Essl-x, Buckingham, and 
ford in the following; April (vln7i*-«>/(>/»'nr, 
xxxvii. 43o) ; and on 14 Sept. l^JUl was iip- 
iHiinted chief justice of the common i>lfu?. 
He was drgrade'l, however, on the aecewiun 
fif Edward H, to the p«>»t of puiMie Judge of 
the 8nme court. Hi:* last summons to uar- 
linnient is dated "27 April i:XX). He dieti <m 
18 Muv Ittll^and was buried nn the ^7th in 
St. Pftiii's Cathedral (('Atr,n. Julw. I and If, 
iColb) S«>r., i. ;;70). His tomb wa« in tbo 
north aisle facing the cholr^and bore the fol- 
lowing inscription ; — 

Parvvrfiu^}HiiethusADglonimqm^juc6tbicflos; 

Lti^m <jui Luto. (lictavit v«ni statutn. 

Ex Uongtiam dictns ItadaJphos rir beaedictos. 

(DcoOALE, fit. Pauff, ed. EIUs, pp. 33, 68.) 
ilenglum is the reputed author of a register 
of writs, which perhaps formed the basis 
of the great compilation entitled ' Kegis- 
trum Cancellariie, or • Uegistrum omnium 
Brevium,' tirnt printed in lottl, and styled 
by Coke ' (h« most ancient b<wk of the law ' 
{/nst. pi. iv.>; ali^o of (wo matnmls of prac- 
tice, entitled 'Hengham Nfagim' aiid'Heng- 
b&m Parra,* written in barbartjua Latin, and 
edited by Selden in IGIO. The antiquity 
and repute of these treatises is established by 




the fact that Selden mentions an Knglisli 
translation of them as extant in a mnniuicript 
of thetimeof Edward 11 orEdword Til (Dr<i- 
UAUi,CAron. SerJiG; FoKTtscvK,Dr iMutHtiUM 
Legum AmjUa). Tanner (/fi'A/. Unt.-JUfi.^ 
mentions two other Hengham manuecripts, 
namely, ' f^ummn Judicandi essonia,' and 
'Cum sit nece,<sarium,' the limt of which 
wtems by its title to Im merely a fragment of 
the ' Heugliaui Manila.* There are also some 
treat ifecii ascribed to HengUam among th*' 
manuscripts in the poc^ssiou of John Tolle- 
macbc, esq., of Uelmiugbaia Hall, Sufiblk 
(Hist. Mas, Camm. lat llep. App. (Jl), 

[CampbotrB Lives of Ibr Chi^f Jaiiioes ; Foss'n 
Lives of tho Jodgf^^s; Annales Mounstici. iii. 8^7. 
ir,321,Laoglofi, ii. 187. Oxencdis Chruo.p. 27>'. 
Chron.df Helss, ii. -Jfjl (all H0IU Scr.) : M.S. 
Cotton, Claudins £. riii. f. 2ft0 ; French Cbrou. 
of Luniloa (Ciuiid, Soc.), p. 9G ; Exct-rpta e Kot. 
rin. ii. 60i ; Dugdidu's Orig. pp. 44 ; Climn. .Ser. 
pp. 22-e. 34 . Jtol. Pari. i. 48, 42 . I'arl. Writs, i. 
83, ii. tiiv. ii. pt. ij. 3, div. iii. 90.5 ; Mod. Hvy. 
vi. 130; Blom^ficlds Norfolk, ii. -US ; lim^ley 
and Britten's Hist, of Palocound lluus«snf Por- 
linmrnt at Wrfllmiiister.] J. H. K. 

HENGIST iW. 188), joint-founder with 
his brother HoHSA ((/. ib^t) of the English 
kingdom of Kent, belonged to a lending fa- 
mily of the Jule8, settled in the peninsula of 
Jutland, where they held land as far south u» 
the river Sley, which runs into the sen near 
Schleawlg. In.eai-ly traditions their oncestrr 
is traced back lo the gods. >\'itta, who is 
ilcscribed as t heir gi'undfather, and, according 
to Beowulf, * ruled Sueves,* is supposed by 
Sir Jamra Simpson to be the \etta, etm 
of Victi, whti^e burial is t'ommemontTed 
by the inscription on the Catstane at Kirk- 
liston, between six and seven miles from 
Edinburgh. The suf^restion is ingenious, 
and it is clear from Ammianus Morcellinus 
that Saxons, a name that might fairly be 
taken to iuelude Jules or Angles, were in 
Scotlaud, leagued with the Picts and Scots, 
about •}64,udate at which it i:^ (]uitepos.>4ibli? 
for the gTundfatht'r of Hcngist to have been 
alive. Kemblesujfgeited, on the other hand, 
that not only thtur aneestoavk-who are tmccd 
back to Teutonic divinities, but Hcngist and 
Horsa themselTcs, were mythical. The word 
' Hengist ' means a horse, and ro the names of 
the hero's family * names of horses ' form a 
disttngiii^bing part of the royal appellatives. 
Thus the whole story, it is suggef^ted, may 
spring out of some pn'historie worship of 
horses. But there is sutKcient contemporary 
evidence of the existence of Hengist and 
Uorsa as human beings to make this theory 
untenable. The absence, however, of any 
contemporary accounts of their cueers in 




Hengist 



413 



[engist 



Dritaln makes tht'ir biography largely nuitler 
of conjectiire, 

Accordinff to the Ih-sI aiithnrily, the ' An- 
flo-Sflxoii Chronicle,' lleo^t^t and Horsa 
Arrived in 449 at Kbltsfieet in lht> jMiriAh of 
Jk[in«tcr in the Uht of Tham*t ' in aid of the 
Drilonft,* with a ft-w fullower* in thrro ^hips. 
Ikde, who wrote nearly three centuries ail^r 
<be cvoni, folh^wing a vague hint of Uildap, 
jjaerU that thev cmnB by invitation of \'or- 
tigern, kingnf J^u'h Britnin, to aid in rPi»el- 
JinKthe inviinion oftht> INct^and t>co(»>- 1 jki- 
the 'Chronicle.' Kede jjiv<*« (he year of their 
comingas 140. Nennius, then-puleil niithor 
of llie ' Hiiitoria Brilfmuni,' whuccillected the 
Jeg^Mtds on thr- subject current among: the 
Webib in the latter part of the eiffbth cen- 
tury, would seem with less probability to fix 
ibc arrival of llL^Uf^iF^t and llorsa in4:f8.uiid 
j^av* that they and their falloworswt're exiles 
from their own eoiiritrv. Vortig*m, accord- 
ing to all tlie early accoudts, received the 
-Stranf^ers hospitably, imd ast«igiied to litem 
t\iv l^le of Thanet for u habiltilion. H«>i](! 
and NiMinium u^rtH* in iitating that when the 
news of their retwpt itm reached their ortpinal 
home very many others came to join ihein, 
until the whole of Kent waj* occupied. The 
Mory, ns eloborutvd from Welsh source.^ in 
tbo * Historia Hritonuui,' and by OL-oliVty of 
Monmouth, repn.'wut* tJuit llciiffist sent for 
his daughter and gave her toVoi'tigem in 
marriage In exchange for tho whulu* of Kent, 
find that llengiBt'tt tu>n Aeac or Oi.4c, and 
liorui's Bon AbiHu, aOerwards arrived with a 
Auetaf forty galley. lint it ia pnibnhlo that 
tbu wbolelegend of Xdrtigerns relations with 
iIongi«t, even including tlie original invila- 
I ion, is a myth concnrled aiid kept alive by the 
Welsh toaccr»unt with least diftiri'dil to them- 
selves for the beginningsoftheirextQmiiaation 
iit the hiindt«of the Teutonic invaders. It is 
ulmo8l certain that there wen- settlements of 
Jutes or <jf tribes nearly akin, in Kent be- 
fore 449, but it is p<wsibly that on llengist't 
iirrival about that dale Vortigeni recognised 
their fiettlement, mid giive it »nnu'thiug like 
formal sanction ( cf. I' tiv.v.v ks , Hutorical /wf- 
•riv«, Ist Her. »Jti .v|., and hi.K Stjimum Conquest^ 
I. i> aq.) 

That in 4oo a vigorous attempt was made 
to expel them by Vortigeni, which was par- 
tially successful, i-* cnnftrmed by the'Anglo- 
Saxon riironiclo.' One victory was cerlainly 
ifnined by the nntive? at Aylcsford, where 
Jlorea was killed, but llu* victors (according 
to Xenniusl hxM one of their leaders, Cati- 
j^em, a ."on of \'ortigeni, to whose memory 
It is supposwl thot Kits Coty House was 
erected, while Ilorita is !«aid to have been buried 
about four mites furthor north at IIor»ted, 



I t«iaii it-^eitu } I (IP lu wn oi jjcyaeri 
ly after (the Wel^h legends cent in wi 
!mir, Vortigem's eldi-st w^n and ll»-t>- 



where then* are still a number of larj^e >U)Qe« 
which may liAveimci* formed part of iIm;' muiiii- 
mentum iniigne' spoken of by Ii«.'Je. S^mn 
antiquaries, LoJlaenco-d by lU'dc's tt«lem<fti 
that the monument was in the cmtem part 
of Kent, locate it at Stonur, but Itedv wb ■ 
north -country- miin, and not likely to be ar- 
curotely informed in the matter. 

Two other victories by the Britous, lii.nfl 
the river 1 ^iirpnth and ot KoUEeatone, or m«)n< 
pmljBibly Srunor in Thanet, are reported iu 
the WeUh l>'g»'nd'<,wiih the result that llfn- 
gist returned homn and founded {according 
to i'Visinn b-gend) ibe town of I-evdwi 
Shortly aft 
Vortemir, \ ortigern 

gist's chief foe, died; whereupon Ilengtft, 
trusting to his influence over Wtrtigeni. 
cxme back, and succet'di'd tn making a. pir- 
maiient Matleraeni, which was nmderwi morr 
wcu re by t he treacherous murderof t hrtw hun- 
dred Uritish at a met-ling to discuss terms of 
{K«ace,and by the capture of \orttgem at tbr 
same time, for wbo«v ransom K^.h-x, Sussex, 
and Middlesex were surrenderi-d. Hut Ihee^ 
events are not mentioned in the * Anglo- 
Saxon (lironicle.* and are doubtless logeit- 
dary fabrication.*. All that tteems positively 
known of Hengiat after the batlb- uf Ayles- 
ford is that hu (rnined ihnt' decisive vic- 
tories, with the aid of his son Ae«c or thsc, 
over the Hritons, namely: at Crayford in 457^^ 
when the Britons forstx'k Kent ; at " ^'^p^H 
pedesflcote/socallnd from the death of oneoH 
the Jut ish thanes, Wipjwd, inJftT); and at an- 
other unnamed place, probablv in soiith-«vit 
Kent, in 47:t, when * tlu WeUli ded iram. the 
Knelish os from fire.' 

In IHH Hengist died, and wa"* succeede 
by hi« w>n Ae«c nr t>l-K*, hut little ih knowl 
of the kingdom of Kent or it« rulers till tl; 
arrivulin5{)7of Augustine, who found Ktbel? 
bort [q. v.] king. Kthelbert is said to bav| 
iHtn t*M\ of Konuftiric, grandson of Oi«C,< 
great-grandson of Hengist. 

[iiildns. Aiiglo^ion Chron.; Hcdo; IlcarTt 
Hiintitigdoti in Moaumcotallisloriailfrittiiiatci 
in whi(.>b work see r1m> tli« HiKlnrta Hritonull 
lUHTil'wI la Nciii.ttii! Hod T. T). Hanly's j^fne 
IntrodtictioD. i.iouffrey of MoamuuiJia liistori^ 
Itritomim largely fullows N>Daius. Tim mo>brfl 
amhurnieii arv : Tumor's Anglo^S-ixon*. \ '2Zi\ 
LippcnU'r^t's Kr)*lHiiii under t\w Angli><Snxa 
Kings, 1. 67; I'jilgTBVb's HiMory of the .^iigk 
Snxonn, p.'J8; KItoas Origins of English Histiir 
(IHOO). pp. .144-ti9; Skeaea Cellie iScotUnd. \ 
146. 149, 189; Ooeat's Orii,nncs C^-Uira*. it. H'! 
Green's Mjiking of KngUnd, p, t'^, Kembl« 
SaxouK ia Knglaad, i. cap. i. : Grimm's T«atoa4 
Myiholo(;r, ir. 1711-IS. See also Hasted's KesW 
ii. 00 ; ArcbieoloKia Cantiann, viii. IH ; HaJleii 
Korthcro Auiiquitics, p. 7^.] C. T. fiL 



Hengler 



4»3 



Hcnlcy 



HENOLEEl, FREDERICK CHARLES 
(1820-1887), circus proprietor, was bom at 
Cambridge in 1820. His father, Henn' Hen- 
gler, was a well-known tight-rope dancer at 
Vauxhall Gardens. In 1807 he was at the 
Olympic Theatre, and afterwards had an en- 
gagement with Ducrow, in whose service he 
remained for several years, during which 
period he taught the circus business to his 
three eons, Edward Henry, John Milton, and 
Frederick Charles. After leaving Ducrow, he 
joined Price and Powell's circus. In 1841 
Frederick Charles was a violin and trum^wt 
player in Mrs. James Wild's theatre at 
Bradford, lie afterwards attended to the 
business department of Price and Powell's 
travelling circus; but when they became em- 
barrassed they sold their circus to him and 
his brother Edward, who for some years 
carried on the business with varied success. 
About 1856 Edward retired, and with his 
brother John kept a riding school at Liver- 
pool, where he died on 8 Jan. 1865, aged 45. 
Frederick Charles, now sole proprietor, on 
16 March 1857 established a circus in Liver- 

Etol, and erected buildings at Glasgow and 
ublin in 1863, at Hull in 1866, at Dristol 
in 1867, and at Birmingham in 1868. During 
the summer of I860 he gave a series of per- 
formances at the Stereorama in Cremomo 
Gardens, Chelsea. In 1871 he purchased the 
P&Iais Royal, Argyll Street, R^rent Street, 
London,and converted it into a circus. Here, 
in addition to the usual et^uestrian scenes of 
the rinff, ha introduced spectacular piecs 
played by children. * ('inderella,' brought 
out at Christmas 1^71, was very prjpular. 
In 1884 Hengl<!rr rebuilt his Ivmdon circofl, 
and reopened it on 14 Jan. ]>f85. He him- 
self never attempted any character part*t, 
but was a great horife-Unwr, and frerjuently 
exhibited hu traio^ animaLt. Un die«] su/f- 
denlv at hi? nr-idftnc*, C*mtyridg^ Wm*^, 
^17 FitTjohn's Av«AWr, Hamp«t'»d, MifMltr- 
sex, on 2H f>f^. 1^7, and wa* bnriftd at 
Wert Hampff^^l iv:iM!T^rr. By hi* wifr, 
Mary Ann Vnwy=% IW.7t^. hi I*ft thr^. 
sons and *ix da-j^.f^n. H:. p-rvwalty v*jk 
sworn to hft.y*,«iW.i'..V. TU manat^'rm^nt 
of the cirea^M •»« >f: -,-, KU f.iro yfnnffvr 
am. A danaf.-^. J*r..-.T ]>V):«t,'.h'.Aiiwwi * 
wide rvpota^Ir.c: u u 4cjv.ni^.Ah<td tiiiiM- 
trienne. * 

(Fr««-« Cttw Za^. :\'K jo «. H> \Xt. 
124, IfrV. :*T.* .yt-l.X 4 tM«if... .^v.rv -.^ 

Old Wuf*. :w s M y^ ,;^'wt ;«.;/: f 
I Oct. i*»r 'f. '.X, *'ut; .1 tmt> .w-i siw 

witii por-ja.- \ f,y / j5 



1789-1S41.] 

! HENLEY, ANTHONY (rf. ITin. wit 
; andtioHtioian, wnnsonof Sir Itoliorl IIi^dIpv 
of the (Irangts noar Arttwrnnl, IUm|wltirt', 
M.P. for Andowr in 1(17U, whoninrriiH) Har- 
bara, daughter of Sir Kdwart) lltnigprftml, 
Sir Robert Henloy, manlrr of tlii> ouurl nf 
king's lM>nch, on tfio ]t|i<ns niilo, n pinoo (hpu 
worth4,0(X)/. a yoar, wbm htNgmnilliitlMir. Out 
of the proHtN ofthiii iH»t Anthony inhpriliMl 
a fortvniit of mon» than IMXKJA a vp«p» part. 
of which aroHu from t)iu groiiinf-nMiU of 
the housert in LincoIuV tun FioldM, I^uiihtti, 
Hft WBK a candidatr for 11 ili>niyiiliip at Mng- 
dalen Collegi*, Oxfonl, whrti Dr. TlioinNs 
(Goodwin [q. v.] was its pn'ptiflnnt umlnr Um 
protectorate, and hn gavf> Atldiwiii an w- 
count, which was nfterwanlii iimrrtiul in tlin 
'Spectator, No. •i\n, Hi^|)t. )1\S, 171^/ of hi* 
interviiw with that grim divinn, wlion ht» 
was so alarmed by tm) only (|iinfilir>ti put 
to htm, whether he wnn pr«iinri>d for (li<atli, 
that ho could not. \m iiiductMl to prcMint him- 
self again for examinatioti. At Oxford ho 
I studied rarofully \\\f- rlsMiral wrtlitni, par- 
tictilnrly thn |HM>tii, and when h» fwmn to 
I I>mdon with a gtfod xnvnmt: nnd an amph* 
' store of rlfls^inal (juotattonii,h«! wmn wfJfvmifNl 
i by the wits, and was v#rrv fri'indly with l/ml 
I liorset and I»rrl Sunderland. Vtrr Mtmt: ittwt 
he wa* devotfifl to pleanup*, and as his gnnA- 
rr>»ity to ynur authors Utcame kn/rwn, h« 
was f^l with iKifi defli'«t)/m«, Jfnt aft«r \m 
hafl T*H-rM\UA his r^rffmnvii with tim sfim of 
•V),fJlJ(U.f through hiA marriag'; with Mary, 
daught'^r and c»h*!ir»T*^ of Vtrrnf(ritm titrim 
(if^mt\ v»n frf Montsgii.'rftrl f4 tAtifimy), \/y 
MuAhn, 'latJirht«T snd r//hAir*^K f4 Hir VAwMffi 
M'jnin* of \\'M.hl*rr*h*rn, Kmt, ^i*r pJnAVAd 
into p^^littc*. He Mf f^tr AnfUn^ fr^n tntH 
10 17Vj,andf''*rfherorJ'rtnf, y^^f>^ts(^of Wny- 
mo'ifh and ,V«:^om^l*; (Wi* (Tr.m '» F»>». \~(t£. 
\* H<mlAy vjn«t«?.*n?[7 «/lh^r»'i ta f.K*! 
whig*, h'.^ owwAntA U4d« ^ff^mociM ^ndA»- 
«'«r», h»4t Wit&rt<if *irft«i*. To ti.ir^Atf. him 
*? W*y?rwj'-.r.h- tiid in 1 710 r.h<^ iin*'MV>*»- 
fn!lT y^\''.<;<wA «tfain.« h!^ r*ttim. In 1701 
h* «r-i hj frirt*! KtihiiM N-.r.-m 'if :*/-*»»f.h- 
w>jr. irunpdhx?*. al:40 a. irrr.nflr vW.j. pr*' 
*^r."-*d tn, jiiir«*«i ir.m "h« irand ; iry r,f 
ih** .•n<in*7. pnyiair S-.r 'h** klncf'* fW-Jim. 
'^►n I* f»v. :.'j*> ii* air.T^-H^ ri« 4ddr<»<w ?/y 
^/>H»a A.Tii*, irxntT "iin 'vir.-.T-il %n f f'uidi? 
'/• *yu»» iiiTii^ -n "i.i»t '*K;iT^ii '«••'• rtis fri*- 
■.■;t*r." -iHr.i'arii^n V rt'*'.i i:.<".n pm«*:9t«i 
;(■*"..•»•:■ T-fc* -.m» 't' -;u» i^r*^''* "V.f.* imonif 
"iv T'.i'u-i v'\t: -T-l.'r.oi»»d -^tt t^ .1 ti}pMttnnrA 
.■n r>*A'J-a ..rf» i^-*r "iw iii:iiirtar,ftn i^ r-h« 
' 7»it» y 1 7ii). Hr* *,ni« «ui'. \^ Aw-rt^ rJuut 



Henley 



414 



Henley 



he would hii ' a buast for ever, at\vr tb»' owJer 
of MelchiwHlcck,' and Swift roportL'd the wit- 
tieUm in the ' Journftl 10 Stella,' whicli con- 
tiiiu.4 many otber notices of Henley. Three 
letters from bim to Swift in 170* 10 art? in 
the latter's ' WorltV xv. 294-0,33!>-41. Hen- 
ley died of apoplexy in Auyiiwt 171 1. and tt 
Appeal^ from a lutter written in 17;j3 l-liat 
Swift continued bis friendship to the sons. 
TUf widow afterwards married, ft« hissw^ond 
wife, her relative, Henry Rertie, third son of 
James, first earl of Abinjjdon. Henley left 
three sons, r>f whom thp eldeiit, Anthony. M.I*, 
for Southampton from 17:?7 to 1731, was a 
jeator like his father, a< aopearsfrom hi* let- 
t*»rto hi* constltnentM in tne i*xcitement over 
theexciutt" bill, which im printe<l in 'Not«'jtand 
i^neriee,* I'rul sor. xii. 107 ; and the youn^r 
ftons wen» Uobert HMnley,earlof Xorthinffton 
[q. v.], and Bertie, a prebondary of JJri£.tol 
((/. IjftO). One of hiH sisters married Sir 
Theodore Jaa^on "q. t.], the other whs the 
wife of Henry Cornish, M.P. The royal n^- 
e»mt wns g-iven on 2'2 May 1712 to a bill iir- 
rnnglng for the payment of the portions of 
Ilia younger children {Joiirnnh of House <^ 
C\tmmon9f April and May 171:?). 

An anecdote on • Honest Ned,' which ori- 

Sinnllvramy from Henley, is introduced into 
o. li of the ' Trtller,'and Nichols in a nole 
thereto state.s that he was understood *on 
good authority' to be the author of some 
papers in ttiat periodical. The first letter in 
No. 26 WB5 probably one of hia communica- 
tions, and .so was the letter in No. 193, under 
the character of Dowries, the prompter. In 
which Hurley's administration, then just 
form'-'d, was ridiculed under the disjf luse of a . 
fhangeof manaciersat thethealre. VV'!n:!n the ' 
whi)j ' Mi^b'V ' wa*, start<^ liv Maynwarinjr 
aa a counterblast tothetory ' Examiner,* one 
of the papern was written by Henley, and be ^ 
ia said to hnveaided AViUiam 1 1 arri^ou ( 1085- 
17i3)fq. v.] inhis continuation of the'Tatlcr.' 
An anecdote told by him respecrinR the death | 
of Charles IT is inserted in nnmet's 'History' ' 
of bis own Time,' and was severely criticised 
by Bevil Hiejron!* in bis volume of Remarks' 
on tlmt work (pp. 280-2). Pope said of the 
* Memoirs of Scriltlerus' that Henley contri- 
buted ' the lift) of hia mu*ic-mnsler, Tom 
l*'Urfev,'and added 'a chapter by wny of epi- 
sode.' Ft is noted that hi» slren^h lay in de- 
scribing the manners and foildci* of servants, 
and possibly some of the pn?tcnded commu- 
nications from them in t be ' Spectator 'came 
from hi* pen. Hesanj:r^ell> and played sev««l 
instruments with «kill, and wat^ n rccofrnised 
authority in musir-al matters, llio PurcoUs 
ahared in b is patronajfe. The son^s composed 
by Daniel Purcolt for the opera 01 * Brutus of 



Alba' were dedicated on thrir publication i 
Idlltt to Norton and Henley, and the 1 
writtenbythatmaalerforOldmixon'sc 
' The Gpove, or Love's Paradise,' wa» 1 
out on a visit to Henley and other frieU 
liampebire. lie him'*elf wrote several pie 
fnrmu.sic.andalma^t tini^bed ffanicl Pfic 
niK*raof Wlexander.' (tartbdedicatedt 
his * Hirtpennar^'.' and hewa^a member! 
Kit-Cut Club. Hirt portrait b\- Knellen 
engraved by John Smith in lOiM. 

[Swift's WorU 1883, i. 88. 133, il. 44, 
]1\ 135-6, 324. ix. 224. iriii. 104; F© 
Swifl. pp, 220. aOl. 286-7.381: Tatler, I7«Hi 
i. 118, 131; Spectiitor, No. 494 (26 -SrM. 1711)^ 
TojKi^r. Misrellnnies. 1792; Speneea An* 
pp. H. aST: nidllelrf's PrtrLIIist. iii. a79-S0J 
Jjord IlptiU'v's Life of I/inl Northiaijtoo. p.ftj 
E'liii'initMoiiV ItArniingiitm (tfnrnl. iii. XOi{ 
llfvnka'K iXirmant iJaronace, iii '■*''' ' Vertll 
Ktiiyhts (Hnrl.Soc.^. p. 171; H 1 'irwt,-^ 

1813. iii. '2S:. ir. •325; Laii. : HU-J 

loriral Robition, ii. 64U2 ; Lo Neve's Litm oe 
i'«nii»«f*wliodiodin 171 1. pp. 631-7 : Pnmmiaes'j| 
Pur<N;U (ffofffwr's (ir«ii( Musicians), pp.90-1 W j 
J. C. Sroilb's Morzotiiito Portrait*, iii. 1 17S-& f 

W. P. Cs 

HENLEY,.I()HN(189-i-17S6),gen«TiUj( 
kntiwn n» Urawr Hcni.et. an ecoontna 
Lcndiiri preachtT, wan bnrn 3 Aup. 1682 aq 
^lelton Mowbray, Leio'slershin!. where \M 
father, the Ilev. Simon ITenley.bad iiicceeiii!^ 
John Dowell, his frrandrntbur by hia motber'il 
side, as vicar of the parish. FTenlev wb 
L'ducat4.>dat MeltonMowbray , , ' f. 

and privately at Okehiira, It 11; ! 
he- devoted special att-«ntioo i.. ii 
Hebrew. He *'ulered St. John's Collsija 
Cambridge, in 170!*, graduated K..\* in 171^ 
and M.A'. in 171*1. Thv method of tcAC 
inij prevalent in the university he found 
bo unduly n^trictivc. He was 'uneasv that! 
the art oi" thinkinjf regularly on all eubjectj 
and for all functions was not the prevail- 
ing instruction.* Owing to bis iinpativnoi, 
of tho systems 'ready carved out for him* 
he * incurred the danger of losing interest i| 
hij< studies, as well m incurring the scand ' 
of heterodoxy and ill principle.' From 
early period ho aeems to have recognised thad 
he had a special vocatiiiti for itit reducing u»*v 
methods of conveying l>oth secular and rein 
gious knowledge. He did not profess to I 
a reformer, except a.« regards methodf, and 
was destitute of the intellectual nhility no 
cesjsury to enable him to dwtinifuish him^'ll 
as an opponent of current croedA. nii>chieC 
gifV, apart from his pompous but t>tiructi« 
eloftution, was a ready wit which gained] 
much of it.i pi(|U8ncy from contrast with ihaj 
otherwise grave and aolema character of I 



Henlev 



415 



llenlov 



prelectionii. OnSFeb. Kl^.whtleanuoJer- 

gradiute at Cambridge, he wrote, umler the 
nameof 'Dr. Quir.'awittT letterto the 'Spec- 
tator* on Cambridge matters. In the same 
year he was appointed a^istant in the fnv 
school ofMeltonMowbrav, and shortly after- 
wards he succeeded as head-master. Ileiv 
he established the practice of* improving eK>- 
cution by the public speaking of passages in 
the classics morning and afternoon, a.<t well 
as orations.' Shortly after graduating M.A. 
in 1710 he was ordained, and for some years 
held a curacy in his native town, but in 1721 
he came to London, where he was reader at 
the church of St. George the Martyr. He 
also obtained a lectureship in the city, when\ 
according to his own account, he ' preached 
more charity sermons, was more numerously 
attended, and raised more money for t he poor 
I children than any other preacher.' B ut hi s 
] eccentricities were t^o pat-ent to permit him 
to rgtai P his posts in London. Much Qgainst 
Ilia inclination he was compelled to retin', 
about 1724, to the living of Cticlmondiston in 
Suffolk. ' His popularity and his entcrpriftlng 
fipirit, and introducing regular actions into 
the pulpits were the true causes,' he asserted, 
' why some obstructed his rising in town from 
en'i-y, jealousy, and a disrelish of those who are 
not equal for becoming omplete spaniels.' 

Rec(^isingthat his gifts were not properly 
appreciated within the church, Ilenley r*H 
solved to break off his connection with it. 
In 1726 he rented rooms in Newport Market 
above the market-house. liere everj- Kunday 
he preached a sermon in the morning, and 
in tne evening delivered an oration on urnxtH 
(Special theological theme: and lectuf»rd';n 
AVednesdays on * 8ome olh«.'r scienwr.* Hf 
struck medaU to di^tribut^ &>> tickets t^jsuU 
scribers, eneroved with a »?T«r rising t/> the 
meridian, with the motto ' Ad cuujma/ aud 
below * Inveniam viam sut fMriam.' Ut vl' 
vertised on Saiurdavt the'tubjt^.-t of !;i>! wfzt 
oration in mysteriout t^rm* Vj ufri*^ r'-iri-^ 
sity and draw a rr'jwd. On ou*: '^-Jv^vm a 
lar^ audience of »:boemaker> abb*'U;lI«7d. *'»- 
ticed bv tb*^ jiT'imiae that i* ii'j,;^ *-b'jw 
them a new Hnd f«p«jdy ai«*ii'jd 'jf luar-ri/ 
thoes. TliiF. b»- HspltJiit^ ■!. till; K'y'i*^ 'A 
hi* orsTi'tn. wLh bvritv.iiiy :i*i: "1;* -jfl v**/*. 
On an-iflbpr 0'.-'jai>.'«;. ht a»-r-\ i*ft> t ' '^vV■■l•••^* 
lt*rfjrv.' ltu'j;r.i.' 'ij*- ?«x,'i»: »'»:'•* \ ».;'>'-■■ '* 
H**nl*'y clu'.ujec v.. o* 'i,!. - nvf.' .>.■>< •.< %'..^ 
ijjenc*- :•.' lij*- <-i:u»^.;i ." Y'ty, wrr^v ■/ 



as" UrtilfvVi:uih tub\ f*fc'*v\UU. » i'^.whu'S 
blall^t in i^^\l au.l vt'l\ot. lu his «'r\\%\' 
Kx>k he printtsl hi* **r»v\U ami dvv\\vU^uN.i 
in r\Hl h'ttor*. Ui* motlusU »»f or^u-n aiv 
dt^oriU<d in hiit v»wnwrilin^H \v\\ tUo kub 
jrot. 

llenlev did not iMiitino himii<4i' l«» wvU^n 
astienldulifS. Asonrlv ait IT'.Mho hitdjotmsl 
Curll, the pinitt* pubrishor, iit a eorrt<a|mit\l 
ence with Sir UnWri \VhI|k»Ii» itllVrtii^ Is* 
suppreiw a lilvlUmA uitaok ww thi> niiiuili>i^ 
by ^I^A. Manlov. llo wmlo (u W nlptilt* nv- 
ranging un iiitiTvii'w, -1 Mim^li I7'.'tl I, and 
added, * my inliMitinurt \\w \w\\\ hiuiimrnMii 
iindsiiicensani) 1 thuibtitot but tliov will \\\wA 
with a nuitnbltTi't urn 't.Y(i^r«iim/ *)««'/«, '-'ml ■' 
ser. ii. 4-l<'l). InlH'lmlfiirWaliinhi hit wnti, in 
17<S0, mnplnyi'rl, iil a iiitlnry nl 10(»/., In i-iili- 
euht the argutncnlrt nf (ho 'Crnruiuiiu/ Ihn 
opposition jitnrnal, in ri now iHiriudirul iiiilhid 
tho ' Hyp Uoi'tiir/ which ii]i|iiiiii'nil itt iiirnr* 
vaU from 15 Ihr. l7.'U)lo2 Pim*. IVMIK IImik 
hn aHHUtnt'd iimny pHitinlnnyiiiH, Hiitdi ii» Hit' 
THitacUatclifri-tirMlhnwKiinM, Ah'iiiiitdHrltHl- 
cIiiletJonadahHwit'l.llryiiuliitvnMni.Ai!, Oil 
1 I)(m:. I71flhf wns (t)i)inihi*iiirird'iu N t'lini'({ii 



of 'fndi'avtiiirinif to alicnaltf Ihit iiiIimIm of 
HuM'-i^tti from fhrir AMi'KiiiiM'n 
lay hiirniiguim at Ills 'kuloiy 
Tfiliij^TT, b»l in a f<*w day* W" iidmiKt'I I*'/ 



Biini"nTi*l nt'i'-r umh-rwcnl a Iriul. In I'/l/ 
he cngHgf'd in a |iiiUi<- tvit\\ff\*tKf wiili 
J-'ootfron ihi'Kffi/'-'if Ihi; JlMyiiiitrkt-i'liM-utf( , 
di^pluyiiig rcmnrknbh' {/Pifi'-i'-iM-y in I'/w but- 

■ fi^iin-ry. J^inc; I7^»h*' ha/I l><i-ii <r«ia(.l(f(i' ■! 

i ill Ijii'-'jImV Inn I'l'l'li- n<-ftr',*li(n M«*lr-».» 

ii'- 'Jii-'i on \\tu.i. nw. 

idnhry j.uWJi-lMd : I • KHlwr, O'i^'n M 
('*-n;ia, mi llittorKul l''**'i« m i'j'tr i^y/irr 
I7M: th<Ti- )»• wt'UiHti.' 'it *>ir/i>i wii* .i.y >h 
ihli; j/ii-«i,bti< It Jtjn yur^t! '/ttiVjTifuli^ fi*" 
tiv»r. J. ''JWfJ|<lHj |/fi/g-«r ».'L * J'c 
ihf-M^'i f.i-rv ihttu.ti^H'.' SyfiA'fi-. J* J'-* '/'/ 

>-rt-fi* Ij, l*J '*)»-. '/?>■•>. Li' '. II'V'*". » *'." 
*:ii».-i>'. '•' 'Ay/ *>"•>»' » )■■. i.'*t O't. .v 

hb.f1i-i ^'/ 'Ji' y<"f.v'y '.'■ Jv* ' U:r.* •/ 
Mfcr'v^.o-.;'! ." J^''.'>Vt! J'.Z/ < ^.« ii ' 
Viri f;»'J ';',-if ■■i;"T 'V Jj^-M J'k«-»'-. ■■■' 

w.'*!. •!.» ii'iti'" • 'ill--* "' ''■*' " *•*' ^'' '- ' 

'v/'J. <«-j*> '-'t • ;i "JH-.'' '. '••* "''^' yt'<:*- 

Ilitf l,»"'l' 'jt W t.J-- t'f Hi*.-*. 'H '.t.' / 1-* •' '■ 

J^rVi '»* ^lJ»'i J I! I' it«' '."*'i''i 1^-1./ J-.' J^v. • 

«. •.-I'f'l l.fM.' ' ".f^. ■■- '' * 'l' • '■ "'■ • " 



I.'-: 



3;^ 












i" ...I'H.fl* 



' yif- 



]Jvi..**yV -I'm. v(,' '^uu* M,ui ''..i.tr^'.- ^ 






^..., 



Henley 



416 



Henley 



1728; conUining, in ndditioti t<i 11 * {Lreneral 
prefiwe/ a ' Biomraphy of Mr. Henlpy/ prtv- 
fesMclly by A. WfUtedc, but cvi(Jt«»(Iy by 
Henli^y Iiimself, 'A Defence of the Oratory 
ogiainstObJectioua/an 'Idea of what U taught 
in the Weekday Academy,' and ' Phms and 
Kules of the Conferences nnd ni^putalions,' 
and other pnpi^rs. II. H)r«torv Tmn>iac- 
tion^ No. 2,' 1729. \'2, M'ontlictR of the 
IVftthbed/ 1729. 13. *Calo Coiidenmed,' 
1730. U. *Lipht iu a Candlealick,' I7.H0. 
lo. *Kaniuel Sleeping in the Tabenmcle,' a 
pamphlet against I>r. S. Chandler, 17<'tO. 
10. *Tho ( Jratflrs' MiscpllanT/ 1731. 17. *!>.'- 
ism Defeated and Chri-tt ianitv Defended/ 1731. 

18. 'The Oripiu of Pain and Evil/ 1731. 

19. 'ACourseof Academical Lectures/ 1731. 

20. 'Select Discourses on Several l!>ubject<i/ 
1737. 21. 'The Orators' Matraiino/ 1748. 
22. 'Law and .-Vrjiument* in \'indicRtion of 
the I'niversitv of Oxford/ 1750. 23. 'Second 
St. Vflul and Equity Hall/ 1755. lie wrote 
two*Si)ect«tor papers — No.'».U4and*'J78. He 
also »xliled * The Works of John ShelHeld. 
Duke uf Buckingham/ 1722; and tnint^latcd 
1. Aubertde Verfot's 'Critical Histciyof the 
Establisbmirnt of the Bretons amonif the 
Guuls/ 1722. 2. Pliny's 'Epistloa and Pane- 
cjrica/ 1734. 3. Montfaucon'a 'Travels in 
Italy/ 172o. Itis ori^nal manuscripts and 
manuMTipt colleclionft wen; Rold byaneticm, 
11-1.~> June 1759. About fifty volumes of 
his te(^turcM, in his own hand, are now in 
Bril.Mu5. MSS. Addit. 1034ft-9, 11708-801, 
12199, 12200. 19920-4. Other volumes by 
him arc in the Guitdhnll Library, London. 
Henley is the subject of two well-known 
hiimorou» plntcs by Hog-art li^one, 'The 
Christening uf the Child/ the other *The 
Oratory/ 

[XicholB'aLpic(Miffr8hire,ii.2fi9-»2(Il, 428; Ni- 
cholas Anccdoics nf Rctpirth; Diaraeli't. Calami- 
tiex of Authors; DitxJin's liibliumaQia; Notes 
imd QnerirK, lid st-r. xii 44, 88, IA<i, 2nd srr. ii. 
418, V. 150; Popo't Works, cd. Klwin and Court- 
hope; I^itnMpectivv Beview. xir. 216.1 

T. F. H. 

HENLEY, JOSEPH WAUNER (179.*^- 
]H64). president of the boord of trade, boni 
at Putnrv in 1793, was the only son of 
Joseph Ilenlev, an eminent. Ijondcm mer- 
cliant. HiK father having purchnjo'd the 
estate of Wat<'rperry in Oxfordshire of Mr. 
Ciirrjsn in ]**14 removetl thither, and served 
the ortici- of high sheriff in IK17. JoA«>ph 
"Wnmer Henley entered Magdalen ('olh'-ge, 
Oxford, 0-* a gentleman-commonnr 27 April 
1812, and graduated B.A. 1815 and M.A. 
1834. He spent two years (1815-^17) iu 
bis lathor'a office in London, and in after 
life often referred to the aidvactoge this I 



training proved to him. 1 le siKxrcedf^d iQ 
due course to the posit iou of country gentl^'^ 
man at Watt'rperry, eonn talcing a feadinr 
part in couniy and magisterial bunness. In 
1840 he became chairman of the quarter 1 
fiions. In 1841 he was elected ii.P. for ' 
fordshtre in the consen-stive inter 
held the sf-flt till his relirt-ment fromi 
lift? in 1878. Henley wii.s nnjirly fiftyn 
(if age when he entered jiarliaincnt, but 
plain common sense and clear insight [ 
business soon made him coiupicuous. 
1852, when Lord Derby formed a gover 
mcnt, Henley took office as president of ib 
board of trade, and became aprivycouncillo 
I lis tenure of office was hrief, for the goven 
ment lasted only nine months. In 1854 th 
university of Oxford conferred on him 1 
honorary d^ree nf D.C.L. When Lord Derb 
and Mr. Disraeli in March 1858 formed i 
second conser^'ative ministry, Henley oao 
more joined the cabinet as president of tb 
board of trade : but in the fallowinjj Feb 
ary, differing fmm his colleagues on 
p*>licy of parliamentary i-eform, especially 1 
regarded the county franchise, he, l{^i^fa< 
with Mr. Spencer Walp<dt', resipie'l ' ' 
office and his seat In the cabinet, lie nevq 
held officp again, though in July 1866 
was offered by Lord Derby the 8«ali of tl 
home office, which hi- decline<I on accoun 
uf partial deafneiw. Henl.-y frequently! 
un r<iyal commifwions. As a member of 1' 
for the reform of the court of efaancery I 
displayed much Vnowl^ge and sagacity. 1 
January 1878, owing to increasing infinnii 
he retired fn>m parliament at the age 
eighty-five. His uprightness, consistenc 
and prudence, as well as the slircwdoeM * 
his homely ssyink'?, gained him the e 
of all j«ir1ie8. Henley died 9 Dec. 1^ 
when nearly ninety-two yean* old. 
married, on 9 Dec. 1817, Georgians, fourtii 
dttughtj^rof John Fane, esq., M.P., uf Worms-I 
lev. She ditnl 15 June 1864. Henlev le" 
a largo family, the present repre-St^atatTve 1 
which is Joseph John Henley, eso,, of Water 
perry House, J. P. and U.L. for OxfordahireJ 
and a general inspector of lb« local govern-^ 
ment board. 

[Times, 10 Dec. 1884 ; information from 
milr.] R H-a. 

HENLEY, PHWUOX (1728-1764).! 
muflifral composer, nei>h"w of Sir Uober 
Henley, carl of NortJimgton, lonl chancel' 
lor [q. v.], was bom at Wootlon Abbot* inl 
Dorsetshire in 1728. He mutriculaUMi at' 
Wodham College, Oxford, 7 May 1740, and 
graduated B..\. on 14 Feb. 1749. As an, 
undergraduate he spent much time in tho' 



Henley 



417 



Henley 



8tu«ly of ratiaic. From i7i>9 until hU dt^ath, 
29 Aug. 17*U, be wna rector of St. Andrew- 
by-the-WftrdrobeandSt. Anne's, Blackfri&re. 
He was the composer nf several chants — 
rtne of which is stilloccasinnally h«?«rd — Rnd 
anthems, lie also piiblisht^d a xr'i of nix 
hymns, under the titti- of ' The Cure of Saul,' 
and, in rnllalKiratinii with TUomoa Sharp, 
* I)ivinfHarmony,beiiij( a Collect ion of Psalm 
ami llvran Tunes in Score, &c./ London, 
179a 

[GroTf'« Diet, of 3IitAlc, i. 727; GenL Mag. 
xxxiv. 399 i Cat. of Oxford Oraduato*, p. 314 ] 

K. F. S. 

HENLEY, Kl.)BEKT,firstEARr,oFXoRTn- 
INiiTo.v n'OM!-- 177:f). lord chancellor, was 
tlio si'cnnd i4iin of Anllioiiy Henley [q-'*'-] 
Henley wo** educated at Westminstt-r. School. 
He matriculated at St. Juhn's CoUe^ri'. 'Jt- 
fonl, on 19 Nov. 1721, ngt.'il 1 0, was idi*cU;d a 
fellow of All Souls, and jfrndiiatt'd \i.\. on 
10 Morcli 1728-9, and M.A. on 5 .July 173,1. 
He wa-i admitted a student of the Tnner 
Temple on 1 Feb. 172^S,ftnd haviujr Iwen Cftlltnl 
to th« harnn i?'t June 17112, joined the we-stcm 
circuit. In his v^'Hth he wo* a hard drinker, 
and when sufferinp in later life from a severe 
fit of gout was overheard in the House of Lords 
muttering to himself, ' If I had known that 
thftie leg?i were one day to carry u chancrllor, 
I'd hfive taken beltercan'ofthera when I was 
a 1a<r (Memoir, p. 13), His rou^h uud bois- 
temus manneni at the bar not uitfn'i|ueutly 
involve^l him in altercations with witnesses, 
and Bishop Xewton records a curious aneo 
dole of his being compelled to apolngiftc at 
Bristol to a jnignaciou.'iifiuaUcrfnr tin- liberties 
wliich lie had taken with him in c'ro.M-e.t 11 mi- 
nation {fVorks, vol. i. ; Ltff. pp. 1ft, 17). 
Henley spent most of his leisure time at 
Bath, where he made the ac<|Uaintance of 
Jane, daughter ami cohetre.t.« nf Sir John 
Huhand.Jmrt.jof lpslev,Warwick«hiri',whrtm 
he marrieilnn 1 iJee. 17W. Hiseldfrhrother 
thony (whose marriage to mizabeth. cider 
lighter of James, third earl nf Btrkeley, is 
amusinylyreferrcdioinMiw. r>Bi-»NT'a/(M/»- 
bioiirnphtf, 1st ser. i. 150-7) dying in I74o, 
H'-iilcy ivim" into pOMcasion of iho paternal 
<>i t><9 in Hnmpehlre and Dorsetshire, to- 
pilii'T vvilh Ibe town houj«e on the south 
aide of Lincoln's Inn Fields, m which hi« n*- 
fiiHM when liird cliHucrllor. (hi :?.'l April 
174-"i he wa? adtnitttMla m>'ml)'T nf Liucnln'« 
Inn. for tlie purjwiso of holdiuff rhanibiTfl in 
that inn. At the general election in the 
KiiiuDitir nf 1747 he wo* ret-imfvl to |Mirlia- 
inenl for the city of Balh, whifh fui-ititueney 
he continued to repr«'Bent un'il .lune 17'»7. 
He joined tho l^eicester House [Hirty, and 

VOL. liV. 



I he 1 
^^ami 



soon after the death of Frederick, prince 
of Wales (March 1751), was appointed soli- 
eitur-generul to the young prince, afterwards 
Oeorge lU. On 12 July I7AI he became a 
king's counsel, and in Michaelmas term was 
elected a bencher of the Inner Temple. In 
tbis year he was also appointed recorder of 
Bath. Ilenlcy was a very successful leader, 
not only on the western circuit, but at West- 
minster, both in Imuc and at nisi priu5. In 
17ot be was promoted to the post of attorney- 
general to the Prince of Wales, and on Nov. 
176(S was appointed atlorney-geneml in the 
Devonshire and Pitt admiuistration, being 
kniglilwl the Mime day. In accxjrdance with 
the practice at that time he left the court of 
king* bench on receiving this ajjjwiintment, 
and nimoved to the court of chancery. On the 
formation of tho coalition ministry by the 
Duke of Newcastle and Pitt, in the follow- 
ing vear Henley, on Pitt's rccommeudation, 
receiveti the appointment of lord keeper of 
the great aenL He was swoni into office 
and admitted to the privy c<Mincil on 80 June 
17.i7, and waa duly matjilled in the court of 
chancery on the first day of .Michaelmas term. 
Henley took his scat as speaker of the Huufio 
of Lords on 1 July 17^7 {JonniaU 0/ the 
Ili/mf uf Lard*, itxix. Irt9). Ho presided 
over the house as a commoner for neArly 
three years, but on 27 March 17tK) was 
created Lord Henley, Baron of Oraingo in 
the county of Southampton, in antici[iation 
of thf trial of Lord Ferrers for the murder of 
his steward, John Johnson, it bt>ing thought 
right that the timt law olKcer of tho crown 
should preside. He mat as Innl high steward 
on that occasion on I(J April 17^10 and the 
two following davs (Howei.i., State Triah^ 
1S13, xix. 8M-97'3). Horace Walpole, in a 
letter to George Montopi, dated 19 April 
17t*0, ridicules his undignified manners (M- 
t*rt, Cunningham's edit. iii. 21*9), but his 
judgment set-mfi to have been both grave and 
appropriate ( Howkll, Siair TrinU. xix. 958- 
959). On 10 Jan. 1701, having delivered up 
the soul to Oenrge IH, llenh>y received it 
Ixick with the title uf lord clianeellor {lAmdon 
Oazfttr, 1701, No. 10070). \a n further 
reward for lus steadfoJit nllogiance to the 
king, he wa^ created Viscount Henley and 
Karl of Xorthingtun on 19 May 1704, and on 
21 Aug. intheaame rear was ap|w)inlo<l hml- 
lieufennut nf HarapKhire. On 10 April I7e.j 
and the following day hi* presided aA Inrtl 
highstpward at the trial of William, fifth lortl 
BjTon. for killing William C'hawnrth in a 
duel ( Howell, .SYa/crrm/^ xix 1177-l:?3fl>. 
Though fre<iur-ntly incapacitated from his 
dutiefthyn'|K>at4<<l attacks of gout, Northing- 
tancoutiDued to act as lord cluincolloT during 

c i; 



Henley 



the sitcopSMve adiu in 1.^1 rat ions of Bute, Oren- 

vill(*, and KockinpliQni. Northin/:fton wns 
iin(loubtc<]ly the cause of Kockinfrhain'A dits- 
mif^. He liad uln>ady difl*4>reu with hi.-* 
cnlleojifues on Mh; coiumcrcial inmiy with 
Russia, which had l>e<*n iie^tiattnl by Sir 
Georp» Mrtfurlnpy, when at theCAhinel mat- 
ing heUI at his hniL'^e iu LiiiL'i^ln'A bin FicUls 
on 4 July ITtiti be ex^tresAed iutbe Atrongest 
temw his duapprobiition of the report which 
bad been drawn up for the civil gnveramt'ut 
of Canada. He (itibsequently detdiuvd that I 
ho would not attend anymore cabinet meet- ; 
ingfl, and in un audience with the king^ ad- 
viaed him to send ftir Pitt, Afti-r some ne- 
gotiations hot wp^n Pit I iindTomiile, in which 
lie look part, Xonhinp:tx)n was apnotntt-d 
lord projiidi-nt of thu council on 30 July l"ttti 
(Camch-n iK'coniinff lord chancellor), in the 
adminUt ration of (irafton and Chatham. A 
pi:nitioD and the revt-rsion of tho hnnoper for 
two lives upon the death of tin? soconcf Uuke 
of Chtindas wi-n- (franted to him (set* l«ttrr.-* 
between NortUiujzion and Pill in the Chatham 
G»rrr»j>ofnitmcr, 18:18, vol. ii.) Owinp to in- ,' 
crea^inff inlirmities Xorthinpton was pre- 
Tente<llrom taking any important part in I ho 
newadminifttration. la May or June 17S7 ho 1 
expreued hii« wi>h to retire, but consontcd to | 
remain iu oWico for some month*! lonffor at 1 
tfaie king's desire. He resigned on ^3 Doc. | 
]707, and woa succeeded oa lord president 
by Oranville Leveson, earl Gower. In the 
course of the following year Nort hington wa« 
offered the poHt of lord privyaeal ; but though 
hiu henlth boil much iin]iroved ht> decUiiHd 
the olfer. He diml Kt the iiranjfw ('that ] 
sweet house of my lonl kpftjwr'a') (Walpole, | 
Ijittern, iii. UV2) on 14 Jan. !77ti, affcd tU, 
and was buried in Northington Church, wheru 
a monument was erected to his memory by 
hi.'* daughters. 

In Lord KIdon's judgment Northington 
was ' a great lawyer, and very firm in deliver- 
ing his opinion.' U has, however, been truly 
remarked tliat his boMnejij* in delivering hitit 
opinions wojs not quilo equalled by hia care 
and caution in forming them. He was 
a thor<mgbly upright judge. When Fox 
consulted him whether tho king could not 
revoke tIio pntcntfl grunted in former rfignp, 
and whether tho cose might not be laid before 
the twelve judges for their opinion, Northing- 
ton is said to have replied.' Yes, they might 
lay the idea before the judgpp. and t hen refer 
Magna Charta to them afterwards to decide 
on that too' ( WALPOtn, Afrnu^ir^t n/t/ir lieir/n 
of Geor^f! Illy i. 240). Hit* judgments were 
clear and simple in alvle,and, according to bis 
biograjpher, during the nine years in which 
Northington held the seals, 'six only of his 




' trsB 




Henley 

decreeswcreeverreTenKNl or materially 

upon appeal ' {ytemtir^ p. 5t>'). He left' 1 ^ 

him alargenumberof manuscript notes, taksB 
by himself while presiding over the coiut of 
cliamy-ry. These were saljo-equentlycollecl ^ 
and arrangixl by his gramUon. the H 
Robert Henley K<len.afte>rwunlsjtwr«idBi 
Henley, and published in 1818 under . 
title of * Keport^ of L'o-ses argued nnd difti 
mined in the High Court of Cbnncery tr 
1757 to 1700, from ih- ..rir-:.,,,) \r 
of Lord Chancellor > 
don, 8vo. 2 vols. A - 
reports, *wilb considerable addt, 
published in 1827, I^udon, Sv 
Several of Xorthineton'i j 
with 8ubjt'pl» of general Int- 
to his memoir. He was a coj. 
ptirtcr Knit of (he I^icester Hon 
afterwards of * the king'? friends.' Al.!: 
n reckless debater, he did not r)flt«'nppL'iik, K 
wtw a great favourite wirli (Je^irgt-Hl.wJ r.l.- 
clftri'il in a letter to Pitt, dated 7 Juk \y*\ 
that * there is no man in my .SHmee oil wimm 
I 60 thorouchly rv\y* {Chat hum Cnrrrrymi- 
r»rc, ii. 4.3*J). Xoi-thinpton a-'lt"-' '■'■■■ i'"' 
jieniii-tsion todistcnntJuu.; thee\> 
in the court of rhnnceryou Mini ' 

Fridays, in order that bemight Hnishbi*t".MI-^ 
of port comforuihly alter dinn.r, n ^ - t 
whidi his maje^ity's solicitude f > 
ness of his subjects would, he Ij 
sulHcient. Many anecdotes are t^U) .it' 
hnbit of hard swearing. He wa* fomili! 
known by the nicknames of 'Ton Til 
and ' Surly IVih.' 

By his wife, who survived him many vf*fl 
and di*>d in (irosveniT Square on Vl Sipl 
17W7, Northington bad eight chUdr^ti, llinL 
sons, viz. Robert fq. v.], who succe"d><I bn 
as the second eorl, and Robert and \\fx\rf^ 
both of whom died in infanry; and fif« 
daughters, viz. (1) Bridget, who m^wsk 
firiilly, on 29 June 1761, the Hon, liohrf 
Lane, onlywon of George, lord Uingloy; ini. 
w'Comlly, iu 1 77S, the 1 Ion. John Tolh-micbn 
fcmrlh son of IJonel, third earl of DT»«rt, 
who wa^ killml in a dnel at New York on 
'Iii Sent. 1777. She inliorite*! much of Iwr 
fathers wit and love of jocularilv. an' -^ ■ 
a great favourite at court. Frequent 
enco* to her occur in tho literature of t[ 
She died without leaving ifwue on 13 
1 70tl ("2) Jane, who married on L't" 
•Sir Willoughby Aston, bart.,nn.i 

outi^sue. (3) -Mary, who njnrrif.i _. ... - 

14 Detf. 177.S, Kdward, earl LigonJer; isd 
secondly, on 4 Feb. 1778. Thomas, s<«rnnJ vi»* 
count Wentworth. She died witlumi ihiii 
on 29 June l8l-(. (4) Catherine, who Ill4^ 
riedonlS March IT^TGeoi^tTiscouDtDnv 




ik 



liuret, afterwards seventh »4irl of Covenlrv, 
nnd ilitfl witlitiuti i^-sue on Jiiii. 1779. 
(5) KlizftfM'tli, who niarriod tm 7 Au{(. 178iJ 
Morton Eden [*\. v.] (cryal»'«l nn Irish poor 
bv the title of Harrm llenU-y of rhnrdatnck 
on 9 Xnv. 17tnt), ond diod on ifO Aiip. IS'JI. 
Her grandson, tlio third and present Itnrou 
Henl'-v, was cn^ated a peer of the United 
Kingdom by the tifli? of Jtaron Nnrthinpton 
■of Waiford in the county of Northampton, 
on 28 June l^<^o. 

Northinpton w«g a hrtndj«ome iniin, nf 
middle height, rather thin, arid with a hriftht 
rrL*h-coIi)ured cnmplexion. His portrait, 
paint*^! hy Thomas Hudson, waa lent by J-ord 
Henley to the Loan Collection of National 
_Fortrait8at South Kensingrton in lt*07( Cata~ 
' " ffu^, No.-H<i). It lins been enj^ved by J. 
_ IcArdell and W. C Kdwnrds.and the latter 
^•rngrraving' fnnns the frontispiece to the me- 
moir. Henlfv wns the last person who held 
lie title of lord keeper. 

(Lord HenlpyV Memoir of Lonl Chnncollor 
Ifortbiiigton. 1831 ; Lfird Cumpbvll's Live* of 
lie Lord ChatK^Iloni. 1846, v. 1*4-228 ; VnWit 
Tndf^ of EDcIiind, 1804. viii. 30.1-8; Grcn- 
TilU Fapora. 1853, roU. iii. n:id iv. ; llarris'a 
life of 1/ml Harlwickfl. 18i7, vol. iii.; Wul- 
pol**i Mcniojn of the ficipn of GeorgpJl. 1846, 
». 96, M8. iii. 33; WhIijwIi.'s Mrtooin of tho 
R.ii;n of r.eoT^ UT. 1845. i. 240, ii. y3-4. S33- 
335. 347-8. 357. 872, 3t>a, 409, 449, iii. 58-9, 
141 ; Works of Thomaa Nowtnii, Bishop of 
Bristol, vith lomo Account of hi» Life, 1782, 
i. 8, ItUlH; Ixinl .Albotnarli's Mcrnnirs of tha 
M.'Mvims of R'K'Ictnch.-^m. lH5i. i. 2'J7-82, 343- 
341.350-70; -■V'Mphu.s'^IIist.ofKngliiafl, 1840, 
i. 223-33; Hurfct-'n Kxtinct Pi'craijft, 1883, 
p. 270; DoyU'd Oflieiftl Bar-vnag'i of England. 
1880, ii. 637-6; Alumni WmtmoQ. IRd2. pp.263, 
"292. A45: Alumni Oxoniensed, I88S, ii. 645; 
Mnrtia's M4ittcn of lb« B«neh of the Inner 
T.TTiflp. I8S3, p. 74; Oent. 3tng. 1772 lUi. 47, 
17&7 vol. kii. pr. ii. 840; Grwe'.i Olio. 1796, 
pp. 17.1— '» : N' ■t'-' iimt QuL-riM, 2nd sct. ii. 38o, 
430: Official I^■ra^aof Ijstiof Memhenof Par- 
lintnent, pc it. pp. 103. HI] G. F. B. B. 

HE!n.EY. ROBEKT. second Earl of 
NoRiHiXHriiv (irt7-17H4U, the second and 
nnlv survi^ Itobert Henley, first 

carl of X'.r (; v \ wa* bnm on 3 Jan. 

1747. H' (It We*rminst**r 

^hopl an.i ' i )xfool, where ht» 

matrictilj!.--] >m^i 'Ht, IT'i^i.and wo* created 
M.A. on ;lit April 17«1*J. In Apnl 17tW he 
v.A'- Bpp'itirri .1 f. tl.-r of the excheqiwr. 



and at tH-* 
wa* f'-tijm'-'l r-j 

H'-lll^fV^ Wrl* (■- 

• in '•'> Jiity I?':!'. 
hanajf.T ollic'. m 



■ I'tion in March l7tVS 
• for ilampsbire. 
' of Cambridjre 
I- nuuit^r of the 
.n J8 Xor. 1771. 



Ho fiucceedeJ his father aft mt^^ond earl of 
NorthingtoD on U Jan. 177i*, ami took 
hi« seat in tho JIoubc of Lorda on 17 Fob. 
fallowing {Jonmah «[/" thf J/ntuu' t^f haMt. 
xxxiii.249). On 18 Aug. 177^1 ho wns cWt^^d 
and invested a knight of llie Thiath', and on 
II -March 1777 woa oleotod F.S.A. Upon tho 
formation of the coalition ministry, and aAof 
ihu refusal of the post hy the Duke of Ht'vnii- 
ehire. Lord Fi1i:william. and Lonl Atthorp. 
Northin^rton, who wi\h an intimate friend of 
Fo.x,wasappointt'dlnni-lieuten«nt of Ireland 
in the place of LnrdTi-mph* ('.'iO April 1783), 
and wa.s admittc^l to the privy council on iho 
wi me day ( Z,on<f«H Oazcttr, 17t*It, No. lJ4*'l(t), 
He was sworn in at Dublin on 3 Juno I7H:{ 
(ih. No. ia447), aad on M Oct. 178:j openw! 
the first sesaion of the new Iri^h parliament. 
The cliiuf evynt t»f Northin(,rton'sadmlni«t ra- 
tion was the vnlunti-er convention at Dublin 
in November 17H.'t. In along letter to North- 
ington, datinl 1 Nov. 17ft;i, Fox explained at 
length hih vjewa of the Irii^h (piexlion and 
begged him to abow (iriuueAa, dcprncating 
Northiugton's opinion that at the oiitaet of 
his gOTcmment it was absolutely necca^tary 
* to do aomething that may appear to he oIk 
taining iKions, however trifling, fnr Ireland ' 
(I^l^x'a Ctirrr^pf/jidrtw^ ii. Ht.^-71), In Ins 
reply of 17 Nov. i78;j Northtnjjlon sbilftilly 
defended hi* propositi policy, nnd argued that 
it was a great rair-tahn to #elect as Inrd^-licu- 
tenant ' gent lemtn taken wild from Krookea'a 
to make tbt'ir di^-nouement in public lifc^ff^. 
p. IH-'t). In Kpite nf hia want of training' 
S'^orthington made a very fairlord-Iicutenant. 
He did hia best to promote Iri«h manufac- 
tures and to encourage the growth of flat 
and tobacco. He advocat«d the nvHteni of 
annual instcid nf biennial scMiona of parlia- 
ment in the face of I^onl North** remon- 
strances, and he iirgrdthat the officr of chan- 
cellor of the excheqm-r should be grantwj to 
A resident instead of an absentee [w.ilitician. 
When the aalorv "f the lord-lieult-nant waa 
incrniaed from DJ.tUXW. to l.*(),(KK)/. Northings 
ton honotirably dfcUn?t! himaelf •p^-rfedly 
saliafied ' and anxiou.'i not to he- the fx^caaiem 
of anv adilitional charm^ on the Iri^h rtvenuo 
\iirattan'$ IJff, iii. 17i). 

Northinglon resigned with the coalition 
mini.stry, and, ttft^r awaiting ibe arrival of 
hia succewior. left Dublin on 26 Feb. 17M 
{JUudom Gazettf, 1 7^4, No. 1 2o2:j i. Ho diixl 
at I^ria, on hi* retnm from Italy, on •"• July 
1 786, and wm* ■ - ' Northin^on Church, 
Hampahirr. A Jton never morrird, 

hia lUlea baeaux-vALiuci upoiihiid#>ath. Ths 
G rangVylkia KMiieBC* Bear Alrralonl in Uaarp- 
ahire, vlueli woa origiBallr built br IniifO 
Jonef Cor Sir Robert Uenh?7*was sold toHenry 

B b2 



Henley 



430 



Henley 



Drummontl ( OinuDallu Correj^tondrtteg. 1 86f), 
i. 2SS). It ift now in the pnweeMinn of Lord 
Asbbiirton. WnutiUl Auys that he wu un- 
wieldv in person, wanting in praci*, und not 
brilliant, but that he mutlo himself beloved 
in Ireland in «pite of his infirmities (TTw- 
toricalandPonthumouA Menwirn, 18H4, iil. 59). 
There is no recnnl in the 'Parliamentary 
History * of any speech madtj by bim in either 
house. A portrait of Xorthiii^fton, painted 
by Sir Joshua Iloynolilfl, wa« lent bv Lord 
Henley to the I>oan Collection of Kntional 
Portraits in l!*fi7 (Catalogue, No. 77t>). An 
engraving of this nictun^, by W. C. Kdwards, 
is given in the ' Memoir of Lord Chancellor 
NorthJnjfton,' opp. p. 62. Another portrait 
of Norlhingtnn. by Sir Joshua Ueynolds, was 
purchased by the NattonaJ Qallurv of IreUnd 
in 18&4. 

[Lfird Henley's Memoir of Lord Chancollor 
Norlhitipton. l'«31, pp. 62-.**; Lord John Ru»- 
■dl's MomnriaU and rorrwponilnnce of Charloii 
Jamw Fox. 1853, W. 78. 94-*. 1H-2I. 102-97, 
323-0 : Plowdfln'n Hi»toricHl Review of the Slate 
of Ireland. 1803, toI ii. pt. i. pp. 27-77 ; Loeky's 
HUt. of EnRliiml, vi. 32«-5l ; Ltfo of Henry 
<?rattan, by liis Son, 1841, vol. iii. chaps, iii-rl.; 
ILu>Jy's 3Ienii>i re - >f t he Earl of Charletnoat, 1812, 
ii. 6U-143: DovIf!'»< OfTiL-ial Bamnai|;e, IRSO, 
ii. 63ft; Bnrlce's KitiiiL't Pwmge, 1883. p. 270; 
Aluniui Westmun. 1S32. p. 546; Ahimni Oxon. 
1888. ii. 645; Grad. Caiifalir. 1823. p. 229; 
Official TtoMirn of LiMs of MrmlH-nt of Parlia- 
mont, pt. ii. p. 142.] G. F. R. H. 

HENLEY, SAMUEL.D.D.(1740--181.->), 
commentator, cnmmenccd bis career as i>ro- 
fessor of moral philosophy in "SViUJam and 
Mary CoUoffe, \\ illinmAurg, Virginia. On 
the DiitbreaU of the war of American ind^ 
pendenco ho came to Kngtand, obtained an 
assistant-mastership at Ilarrow School, and 
Boon afterwards received a eunieyat Northall 
in Middlesex. In 177H he was elected a 
fellow of the Society of Anl.i(iQaries,and four 
yearn laltr he waa presentea to the living 
of Hendli'sham iu Siiflblk. His letters show- 
thai be ooutitiued to §jvnd the greater pirt 
of his time at Harrow. Dr. Henley engaged 
largely in Uterary work, and niaititained an 
extensive correspondence on antiqnarian and 
cUssiculcubiectswith Michael Tv«on, Richard 
iiough [q. \.'\ Dawson Turner, IJifihop Pnrcy, 
and other scholara of the time. In 1779 he 
edited ' Tmv(dK in the Two Sicilirs.' by Henry 
Swinburne, the well-known court-chronicler. 
Ill 1784 he jiublished with notes an admirable 
English translation of Vathek,' tlie h'rench 
romance, -writton (but nsyet unpublished tbv 
WilUam Beckford ( 1759-lftl l> [(i.v.] The 
Prench original was not published till 1787. 
Steplien ^^eston stated iu the '(Jenllcmaa's 



Uftgiuine ' in 1 784 that * Vathek * had 
composedby Henley himself a$^ a text 'for tb«-1 
piiqMwe of giving to the public the ioJbnnt- 
tinu contained in the notea.' HenlevrepUsd 
that hia bitok was merely a translation froii 
an unpublished French manu^ript. Bac^ 
ford, in the preface to the French 
1^15. mentions that tho appearanee 1 
English tmnslation before his origixu 
not his intention, and mysterioualy attribn 
it to circumstances *peu int^ressant 
le public/ Henley wiw a fr^qoeot i 
butorto (be * Monthly Magazine.' 
occasionally wrote short poems for prirsli 
oircnlalinn among his friends. In ItJO>ibp 
was ftpiKiijited princiiwil of the newlr esta- 
blished East India College at Uertfor^. He 
resigned this post in January 1815, and died 
on 29 Dec. of the aame year. He married 
in 178<) a dnnghter of Thomus Ftggius, osq^ 
of Chippenham, M'iltshiri'. 

In arldilion to the above-mentioned tai) 
three separately-printed sermons pre>achedU 
WilJiamsbui^, llenley wrote : I. ' \ Cindlf" 
Refutation of the Hi-reAV imputed by R. Q 
Nicholas to the Revd. Samuel Henley/ WiJ 
tiamsburg, 1774. 2. •Dissertation on the Co 
troverled Passages of St. Peter and St. JuJ 
concerning the Angels that Sinned,' Londn 
1778. 3. 'Observations OD the subject of th 
Fourth Kcloirue, the Allegory in the thiid 
Ueorgic.and the primary design of the. Eneil 
of \'irgil, with incidental K^marks on miq^ 
Coins of the Jews/ London, 17B8, 4. ' Easaj 
lowarils a New Edition of the Elegies 
Tibullus, with Translation and Notes, 17^ 
5. 'Ad Anglos . . . ode gTatulatoria,'17f 
H. ' Explanation of the Inscription oo 
Brick from the Site of Ancient Babylon' I 
'Archrcologia,* 180a, xiv. 205. 

[Nieliubi's Lit. Anted, viii. 1A_16, and 
fiifctt phUMim in index; Ktchn]H*8 Lit. UIosuv' 
iii. 7d9-6fi; (jeot. Mag. vol. IxxKvt. pt. i. p. 183; 
Wnit's Hihl. Hrit. ; Brit. Mas. Cat.; Brit, Mofc 
Addit. JIS. 19197. f. 202.] O. P. M-T. 

HENLEY, WALTER db ( Jf. 1250| 

•writ^^r on agriculture, is stated to bftTfl ! 
a * Chivaler,' and afterwards to hare t 
a Dominican friar (.MS. Dd. vii. 0, in ti 
Cambridgii I'niversily Library). He ' 
about the middle of the thirteenth eentur 
a work in French entitled * HosebondriiS 
which remained the l)est treatise on thesiilh 
ject till Fitzherbert's 'Boke of Ilusbandrifl^ 
appearetl in 1523 'sec under Fitziiekbkk 
Sill Anthony]. The manuscripts are vfr 
numerous. Dr. Cunniiiifham gives a list i 
twenty. Henley's original text has cleorl 
been much garbled and interpolated in i 
e.\(aDt manuscripts; the early text if 



Hennell 



4*3 



Hennell 



lie wfts appointed to • r«rt «■ *fc* tmMma 
at Liverpool, but faearta^ daltkiqf the aew 
dutiM iie quitted the pMce, mad went back 
to hL oM emploTmetti at GUa^Cfw. Wh«n 
the ffTDwing practice of lithn^phy threat- 
ened to deprive him of lii5 livelihood bj suIk 
Uitatin^ a new method of printing fiibrics, 
he ocqnired the ait of drawing oo itoiief and 
flspeaaUr deroted himself to making design* 
for textiles. About this time he began ihe 
study of plants as a source of design, and in 
168U be was studjing boUny for its own 
sake while at MUlport. The Athenaum at 
Glaeffow "f^^ started in 1848, and in that 
TBarhe beeau to teach a cU«« in botanr, and 
m the following year he was cnn^ in a 
similar capacity at thi; Mechanics Institute. 

Ill Ibol he embarked tn bujiinees with a 
partner, but the concern does not appear to 
bAve bwn very successful, althougn prose- 
cuted durinf? nix yean. Ue was a]ipolnted 
professor nf botany at the And*?r!ioniiui Uni- 
I'erfiity at Obugow in li:^i. wliirh chuir he 
occupied till his death, :^Jt-k■t. 1^77, iitWUito- 
hall, rn-'nr Bothwell, Ijinarkshin?. 

The uiouual which hi* drew up for the u&e 
of his botanical clo^**, the ' riyil"!i«hih' KIorR,' 
wos publiahed at GUwjtow, iw«5, and went 
through three editions in the lifetinm of the 
author; a fourth, entitled 'Tlie Memorial 
Edition/ came out after his death in 1h78. 

lie marrie<l,in \HiH, a dnuf^hter of David 
Cross uf rtutherglen, who survived him. 

rPrafaco, Cljdcndaie Flora, ith udit,] 

B. D. J. 

'hennell, CHARLES CHRISTIAN 
(l8lMl-lKriO|,uu(h'irof ' An InnuirveoTU'om- 
ing the tJriiriu of Christiaiiitv,' wiis lx>ni in 
Mamdiesleron 3U March l&ijO. the fifth of 
a family of ei^ht childn-n. His fatht^r.firtt 
a foreiprn aecnt, and afterwards n partner in 
a mercaiitik- house, died in iHlti. By this 
time the family hud rcmovwl to Hackney, 
where Chiirlcs attended a day schoul: from 
thia he went to a schoid at Dt- rhy, kupt by an 
uncle, Edward Uig^rin&(>tt, a uuitarinn luiniii- 
ter. Here ha reroaine<l foiirtt't>n uionthft, 
leaving with a fair knowlu<l((H of Liiritt and 
French, and Aome acipiuinlAnco willi < ir<'i<k, 
AVlien he wad barely lifteeti he ohtainnd a 
junior clerkship with a firm uf furuijtu in»tr- 
chanls in London. lliA Irijiun.' wan devoted 
to his studies, which umhracr>d Urrinun, 
Italian, music, audphynicnl wicnce. In iKMf, 
after twelve ynn wrvlco in bin nituaiicn, 
he began businesa on bia own arrnunt in 
Threadncedle Street as a eillc and dru^ ituf- 
cbant, and in 1H4-), on th" rr'cuiiitni'ndHtioti 
of his former rmploycni, hw wii* apif^int'-d 
manager of an iron cunpany. 



In IS36 CUck* 
■The rhilosophTof > 



t 



neU's suter taroliuf. \S )> 

the extent of Brmy'« ratioo H v* 

known to iho Heiint>lU, Hho hud W^^%\ 
brought up in the unitariani'm of IViiwlWv 
and lVl.<ham, Ilcumdl, f^r hi* own and bis 
siatrr*SMti!«faction,un\li<rli»tkaiti>\niiiiuatiim 
of thi* NowTe«tamrnt niirmlivt>B, not (Utiitil' 
ing that tho ronrlu^ions in whieh hp had 
hitherto rrAttnl wotdd th* coittlntiiil. ThU 
anlicii»atiuii wbk nt>t renliM>d. Hi* Mtidlns 
resulted in the * lnc|uir\- t^incitruiitg I hit 
Origin of Chrislianily/ tlio tint mlltion ii( 
which apUMUvd in 18118. Tho ntitin eii|ii>Ul 
»iou of the wurk is that Chriitianily la |o 
Wi accepted as forming tiiuiidv a porllOM uf 
natural human histury. \\ hih> uutlMu<hllt|t 
in ilii concluF'ions (ht< wvirk m iniHlunitu and 
reverent in tone ; in thui i-t«pMri, an wull ua 
the Bcientifie tenipi'i* in which tbt< titsu.iiKH. 
tiou is conducted, it niarkt^d in i '. .tf 

English rational iiuutht* tlr«t fm. i... 

imrturc from the acnnitinioim < iiit 

eightecnthceutury. Aniungthi' M 

tht* acquaintonce of the iiuthtii \ii,- I'l Umi 
iHint, a relired phvKiciitn of iK'Mkt*. and hm 
indefatigablet.ienuunKL-huhir. Mraliunt tittiu 
duced tbebook toSlraitrin.wiih whoNf' LKom 
.losu' or the works of uth'T ruevnl Kmhiihii 
critics llenn<'1l wa<« whrn \%t* wntlM umnc* 
(juainted. Tlic * lni|iilrv ' v^ <••• I Mtichiliil 
into <tennAn at tb<i Mun •.! 

whowrot« for il n pffm't , i ■^t)^ 

in whirit hi* mtid ; ' Thimt' i<\t><lli<ht tti<wa 
which the hHirninl llnrMiiut of mii' llinx M|)-< 
pmpriatoH tn himaidf (h Ihe IVidl of lbi> n>' 
ligiouH d(«v<dnpn)t ni of hl« mitlon,lltl* t']itH'< 
linhninn, to whipui ihi> Hti<iili-i' pari nf tdtf 
nieiMiN WHN wiinliiti;, liim liiun h\»u hi uvuImi 
by hia nwn I'llnrU, An IihImmi iidlMiin pitji> 
1iah"d aftrrwariU MiiH jihii'i'il mm ihn hh|n« 

KxpUrgUtnriuN. llt'MMi<fl'«IM'MHl|IH(HMI'ntVlll| 

l>r. ItratNinl wn« fdlhiivcd ( |f>|lli \\\ u utiir 



'"td iiiiivl 



niitfi' will' I"- <l I'l. ' -» !■ "■> I. 

nuwly iipln 
'Lt'li. n .1 
lrn«. 

UHt •> I 

KvaoM, III t li» t iMi« 

Itmyp, wan ^ri'iilly l< i 

hy lht< * hM|iMrV,' and In ' 

Hi-ffllinl nrii flM ihi)' Altltl 

riiiii" ' '■ ' ' ■ ' ' 

Ml I > 



Dmcmopi, pIuiir I'iii(««i llitlitliMI Hi'iiii 



liu 

IIHIV 

II 

II 

Ih'I 

11 

ihli 

l>ll 

.1 

III 



I ■oMiifcBMinr of tb» New PlalMoplueal Ib- 
•Ulalkn, HmaiDoat Bqiure, Ml1« End, sml 
WBi one of Um tnuCee* wbo endeftround to 
nnr oat kii pltiu ftftcrbit destfa. In 1647 
H<^n«ll wilJwrBW from baaneMs *od with 
Iii« vifi> and citild wttlcd at Woodford, Ep- 
piDf. UfTcrcoccB with Bwber Beaumont'* 
■oflLt John Aogosto* Bawfnnat, culminating 
in a clittncvrr Mijt, and the low o( luarly all 
bin mod^ral *> *aTtn|c« owin^ to rai Iway panics, 
aHd»d tn tUf mn\it*tir^ M hi* tatc!r yean. 
After a lon)r and painful ilLotwiy borne with 
cbevri'iil f'lrtilii'le. lie di«^ un 2 Sept. 18fiO. 
A •cr/inilt^litionfif ih*^' Inquin* appeared 
in Ij^I ; ii wan n*pubUah«l to^tb^r with 
* Chrintian Tbrrifm* in one volonie, 1B70. 

[Hflnnair* A^'orlu; Cnm» Ufa of Geocga 
Kliot. USA. t 03-102. lU; priratc infbrma- 
liun.J J. K. 8. 

HENNELL,MARV(I«)2 ISLWj.aolhor 

of * AnUutlinftof the %*ariou4SrjcialSyrtemB 
and Cummunitie9 wLicb bave bt>en fuunded 
oil the I*rincijilt* of ("o-operation,' wait burn 
at MaDL'bentL'r uu IIS Mav lH(rJ. Sbf wm 
tbeeblcwl MiKtcr of C'barI?i»CIirii.tinn Ilennell 
f i(. ¥.1 I!m eflMy on * Social Hystemc ' was 
firat publinliffd in 1^1, as an appendix to 
' The rbtlosopby of Neceftaity.'bv her brotlier- 
in-!uw, Cbarltu Ui^y fq. v.l; it was alt«r- 
wanLi printod separafelv, 184-1. She wrote 
the article 'Ribbona' I'or Hnifrbt** 'Peony 
( 'yclupcdia.' She died at Uackney ou 
\{\ March 1843. 



[Prirata infunnalion.] 



J. M. S. 



HENNEN, JOHN, M.I). (I771>-1828), 
flrmy aurgwin, Iwrn im 21 April 1779, at 
Ciatlebnr, co. May", was th** younger fon of 

I Jaisen llennpn, and di'swjndi'd from a family 
who had li«ld land near CaBllelmr since thit 
Onmwt'tlian occupation. From school at 
Limerick he became medical apprentice to a 
iM-iir ndative (his father ^) at ('o.^tlebar. In 
17fW he entered the medical eliifw? nt Edin- 
burgh, wu« tnorepnv tlnin (*tudinuii, and mar- 
ried, when under eightfen, Mi»» Malcolm of 
Diimfrins. He ((unliticHl at the Kdinhur^fh 
Colh'(feofSiirffe<ni(i in 1 7!}H, joined the Sbrop- 
uliirc iiiilifi» nNH^hislNnt-HurgeoTi, in iHOOwns 
8p(>ointfd lo til*' -((.Mil n-piraent, nnd went 
U'ilh it to i!iM Mwlitcrmnenn. We (MTved 
through iIh! IV-nitisiilHr wur in vnrioujt regi- 
nit'iita. nnd U'coine .itntl'-inrgcon in 181^. lie 
b«<L'ame known as ti Kkill'td o|«Ttttnr nnd ener- 
getic ofticer. and wm« ab«) noted for being 
ne\er wltlioiil a cigar in bin mouth. He 
n-tirrfl on ludf-puy in 181 1, hMt lind hiinllv 
W'Uled at I*iimfri''8 when be wa? reealliMl to 
active service in Klunders. l-'or his services 

UUWr Waterloo he was promoted to the rank 



oldef tynfiHrtor of basptola, ud ybod ' 
oatbehoiBealaffst Poftsmmtlu Tbenha 
ntitiMd hb ahmHlant notes of mate to viila 
hia * Obaerratkiiu oa •ome impottant pocnU 
in the ^actiee of Militarr Sar;perr ; and in 
i the Amnrement and Police of fioaptCak.' 
' which he Baithed and paUidwd in UlS i 
' Edinburgh, whither he wna tmmleifed ' 
' 1B17 as princrpal medical officer for SootlaaiT 
A aeooaa edition wa»pablished in 18S0wit]l I 
the title 'I*TincipIe« of Militarr Sinjrery,' 
and a third edition with life bj hia mu 
I in 1829. At Edinburgh be attendnl tlw 
1 riaaaes a second time, and graduated M.D.io 
1819. In 1(^20 be was appointe«l prioci^ 
I medical officer in the MediicTTanean, resid> 
' ing at .MalU and Corfu. His 'Medical Topo- 
I paphy* of these i5Undfl and of Gibraltar, 
in the form of reports to the amy medi- 
cal department, wae brought oat by his «ia j 
I in 1^30. In 1 H'iO he became priaci[<al medi-] 
. ral officer at Gibraltar, and died there oaj 
I S Nov. 1><2« of a ftrver ( yellow fever Y ) which I 
; he contractiMl in combating the di«astniQa| 
epidemic which bad broken out in xXa^ 
nson in September of that ycnr. A nioaii*i 
ment to him was erectud by subscription Ot j 
(jibraltar. He was twice married and Ufti 
j five children. 

[Biography bv O. O. Kdvaida in Luiint, 
182H-ii. ii. U; fedinb. Mad. and Surg, J<inni. 
axxi. 22^, 1829; Lifv by bis son, prefixed lo 3rd 
cdttioo of MiliLar}' Sorgery.] C C 

ITENNESSY.Wn-LIAM MAI NSELL* 
(lt!:.'y-ls«y), Iri«h acholar, wa.* bom alj 
Cottle Gregorj', co. Kerry, in lh29. Afterl 
his school education he emigrated fo thai 
United States, where he resided for lomai 
yean. He returned to Ireland and wrota 
in newspapers, but hif( favourite pursuit waa^ 
Irt-'lilit'-raiun*. The language wns his molhifr- 1 
tongue, Budhe improved hn* knowledge of itl 
by an as^iduouiii Ktudy of mnnu.«LTiplt«. laf 
|Ht>l he obtained fin npiiointmenl in ihej 
Public Record OtKce, Dublin. He row to be j 
the afy»i,»tnnt-deputy-kcep€r, and held office] 
till bis death. His chief works were edi-l 
tion.1 of Irish text* with introductions and| 
translations whieb invariably display n widdl 
knov.-ledge of the Irish longuagu und itsj 
literature. 

Ho published in 1866 (Rolls Series) th< 
' ('hroniron Scotonim' of I>iibha1tacb Maa] 
FirbifligVi, a Humman* of tri.4h hislor)' up to 
I lAO, accompanied by a valuable gltiiMurv* ofi 
the rarer wordH. In 1871 be ediietl, in two! 
thick volumes of IriHh text and lraiialation»l 
•The .\nnuls of Loch C6,' an Irish cbruulclcrj 
1014-15!.>0. In ]B7r) ho revised and anno- ' 
tutvJ on edition of * The Book of Fenngh/ 



Henniker 



4=5 Hcnniker-Major 



JUIU 

■fie 






the bouse-book of St. Cuillin's Abbt^-v, co. 
Leitrim; and in 1887 one* volume of the 
' Ann&l« of Ulster,' corryinp that clironicle up 
to I0o6. IIctranslatedthc'TripnrtiteLifeol' 
St.Fatrick' (1871); revised the'lVdigrpf of 
the AVUit« Knight ' ( IH-W) ; cditt'd t\w text 
of the 'i'oetjt and !*o»'try ul' .AJiinxler ' (Dub- 
lin, 1883); traiudaleJ iiinl added h (rart on 
*Calh (.'nucha' from 'l^abUiir iia h-Uidhrv,' 
juid ' Mac (^ouK^Iinne'al^ream' from 'Lealibar 
Ureac' {Fra*er's Ma;;asine, September 1873). 
:d was elected Todd profe^or at tho Ro,yal 
.iah Acadcmv 1882-4, and in that capacity 
pn^pared a text and trauslation of ' Mestia 
Ulad/ the drunkenness of the Vlstennen, 
which was piiblii«hed in 18S9, immediately 
after his death. He left aoother old tale, 
* Hruideii l^adcrpi,' in proof at the lime of 
hi:< deal h. He wrote an article in ' La Revue 
C'eltif]ue' {i.H) oti the ancient Irish goddess 
of war, and two admirable ' Kssav* ' on Mac- 
Phertoii'ti (.Iwtian and the O.^ianic literature 
inthe'AcademyMaudlS Aup. 1871). These 
are the best examinations of the subject 
which have beeu published; they display 
excellent tuftli-and exact Gaelic w:holiirahip. 
Beside* these published work^, he left behind 
hitn numeruiH muuuscript Iraudcripta aud 
tranelatious nf Iri^h texta, and an edition of 
O'KeiHy'e 'Irish Dictionary* with copious 
additions in his hand. Ho <if\en wrote hi;; 
transcripts in a Komaii cliaractur, but hia 
Irish hundwriling was beautifully clear.und 
in ffeoeral elTei't reA*mbled that of Dubhal- 
t4cb Macl*'irbiftif;h, He lost his wife and a 
tnarrietl dauf^hter, and theao aDtlctions in- 
duced a condition of nervous depression from 
which he never nillied. He died at his re«i- 
dence, 71 Pembroke l^jud, Dublin^ 13 Jan. 
lS>^i>,»Md lelt no greater Irish echolitr behind 
him in Ireland. Ilis conversation was full of 
leaminff, and he waa liberal in his commu- 
nication of knowledge. 

(Memoir by Stiindifih H. O'Clrady, Academy, 
J. 8".1; Works; Lottert and personnl know- 
ledge ; Sal^ Catalugus of hiit books and manu- 
scripts. Uablio, 1890.] N. JU. 



HENNIKER, Sni FIlia)ERICK ( 1 7aS- 
825), traveller, eldest son of the Hon. Sir 
Bryd|^« Trecothick Henniker of Newton 
Hall, Essex, bnrt.. by his wife Mary, eldest 
daughter of William Pre^ji, and a grandson 
of John, first baron Henniker, was JFirn on 
1 Nov. 17U3. He was educated at Eton and 
at St. John'8 CoHefre, Cambridfje, where he 
craduated B.A. in I81n. Up succeeded his 
uther as second baronet on 'A Julv 18 1 fl, and 
Bubsequenlly travelletl through f'rance and 
Italy to Malta, and thence to .\lexandnaand 
Vpper Egypt, Xubia, aud the oasis Boeris. 



I 



After revisiting Cairn he went to Mount Stnai 
and Jerusalem, retumiufj home by Smyrna, 
Athens, Constant inojde, and \'ienna. While 
on his way from Jerusalem to Jericho he was 
severely wounded hy banditti, and left, stark 
naked. In 182^ he published an account of 
his travels under the title of Notes during 
a \\»\i to Ejrypt, Nubia, tho Oasts, Mount 
Sinai, and JcruMilem ' (I/indon, 8vo) ; a se- 
coud edition apoeared, with a slightly altered 
title, in the fallowing year (London, 8vo). 
In the spring of l8i'o he canvHHwd Heading 
with a view of contesting that Iforoiigh in 
the event of a dissolution, but withdrew his 
candidature, and died in tho Albany, Picca- 
dilly, OQ 6 Aug. 1825, in the tbirt'y-sorond 
year of his age. He was buried at (ireat 
Punmow, Essex. He was unmarried, and 
was succeeded in the Ijaronetcy by his brother, 
the Hon. and Uev. Sir Augustus Brydges 
Henniker. 

pleiit. Mug. 1826, vol. xcr. pt, ii. pp. 185-6; 
Ann. Ki'g. 1825, Chron. pp. 270-1 ; Qoorgian 
Em, 1834. iii. 473-4; Hurkefl Pi;enigfl,&c.. ISilO, 
p. 693; Foster'sBftroru-rfinP. 188l,p. 806; Stapyl- 
ton's Eton School ListK, 1804, pp. 60, 66; Grad. 
Cantabr. 1884, p. •£*».} G. F. R. B. 

HENNIKER-MAJOR, JOHN, second 
I-rfjnti IlKNXiKKit (17.W-182I), bom on 
IR April 1752, was tho eldest son of Sir 
John Henniker, knt., M.P., F.R.S., of Strata 
ford-upon-Slanev, CO. Wieklow, Newton Hall, 
Punmow, and Stratford House, Stratford, 
both in Kssex, who WB,"( elevate*! to the peer- 
age of Ireland as Baron Henniker on-'JCluly 
1800. His mother WHS Anne, eldest daughter 
and coheiress of Sir John Muior, ban., of 
Worlingworth Hall, Suffolk (Foster, Pee/^ 
Of/f, 1 882, p. JW4). I le was educated at Kton 
aud St, John's College, Cambridge (.M.A. by 
royal mandate 1772, T.L.I>. 1811 1, and was 
called to the bar in 1777 as a memlKTofUn- 
coin's Inn. He was elected F.S.A. on 9 June 
nfiii (Oot'ou, I'AfonoIoff. Li*f Hoc. Antiq. 
1798, p. 40), and K.R.S. on l.'i Dec. following 
(TaoMsoN, HtAf. Roy. Sor. Appendix iv. p. 
lix). On 10 Aug. 1792 he took the auis 
nanae and arms of Major by royal license. 
He fluccepfrded his father as second Uarou 
Henniker ou 13 .April I8(>^3. From January 
I80o tdl 1812 be was M.P. for Itutland- 
shiro in the tory interest, and from 1812 till 
his retirement *m 1818 M.P, for Stamford, 
Lincolnshire (H. S. Smith, Parliamn\t» of 
Etu/lfnid^ i. 20n, ii. 13). He died on 4 Dec. 
1821 St. Stratford Hou«», Essex. On 21 April 
1794 he marritnl Kmily, daughter of Robert 
Jones of r>u!lryn,01amorgan.ihire, but by her, 
who died ou 1 8 Dec. 181^ had no issue. He 
was snoceeded in his title and estate by Ms 



Henning 



436 



Henrietta 



phow, John Mine! Henntlier, vrlio resnmiHl 
ftdditional saruoine of Miyor hj royal 
Iic«>nse on 27 Slay 1822. 

IlcnaikoMajor was author of: 1. 'A 
l^elUT to Gwjr^, Enrl of Ijeicester, Pre- 
sident oftheSociety of Anlimiaritid'Ton some 
l<annorial beartDf;n lound at Ooen], 8to, Lon- 
'don, 1788. 2. 'Two Letters on the Oriffin, 
Aiititjinty, and History of Norman TileB, 
Ftninerl with armorial hearings,' Bvo, Lon- 
don, 1 71!) t. 3. ' Sonio vVeoount of th(^ FamiUea 
of Major and llenniter/4to, London [IftOJJl. 
To * Archa?ologia ' (xi. 255-66) he contn- 
huttfd in Marcii 1 7t)3an * Account of Hick naciv 
rriory, K*8ex,* 

[OeoL. Hag. 1821. pt. u. 6^2; Brit Mus. 
Cat.] Q. G. 

HENNINa, JOHX (1771-1851), mo- 
deller aud 8Ciilptor,b«>rn at I'aisley on 2 May 
1771, was tlie son of Samuel llHnninp.a car- 
penter. Ho receivwl at Pairilny ih« only 
education be ever had. lie followed hus 
father's hasiueiis, and while eii^piged in it 
began to model iMrtrattp in wax. In 1709 
he wont to (ilasgow, and then, about 1802, 
to Edinburgh, where huBtudiett in the Tnis- 
Icca' Acadt'niy under John (iraham ll7o4- 
1817) [q-vJ TUrough the inftnencu of hia 
employer, Jamea MonU<itb, he waa commis- 
eioniKl to moke bui^t^ of 8e\erBl prominent 
citizens of lOdinbtirgh. In ISIl he came to 
London, and began to draw with entltusiaAm 
from the Elgin marbles, tiiul afterwunis from 
I the Phigaleian frieze. After twelvt; yeans be 
■ completed the modelling of a reduced copy 
of the Parthenon and Pbigaleinn friezes, with 
the missing i)ttr(K rei«tored. The work at- 
tractfjl attention at the lime, but. Michaelia 
{iJer Parthenon^ p. iv) says the restoration 
of the I'arthenon frieze ia nuile arbitrary. 
Henning afterwards executed similar models 
in relief of the cartoons of l£A]>hael. Wlule 
in London he rcceivr^d sittings from seve- 
ral ladies, including Mrs. Stddon8,and I^u- 
ce68 Charlotte of AVales. to whom Hen- 
ning says he recommended books on the 
SootlUh reformation and the rerolutiDn 
{iiotfaand Queries, Snl 8er.viii.305). Hen- 
ning wafl one of the foundera, and for many 
years a. mera))er of the Society of British 
Artists. In 1810 he woa presented with the 
■freedom of Paisleriand waa entertained at a 
tiaiiQuet t here. 1 (c died in London on 8 April 
I80I, aged 80, and was buried in the cemet4?ry 
of St. Pancrad at Kinchley. Kedgrave says 
hirt workM are 'plaster miniatures modelled 
vith great skill aud minute accuracy.* 

[Redgrnvp'ii Diet . of .Artista of Kngliah iSchool ; 
riDg'ii Book of Scotsmen ; Notes and Qu«rie». 
Mr. Tiii, 905; Naglvr's Ktuutler-Ixxikoo, 



rL 103. 'BeoDiog:' Gent. Muj?. 1851, ii. S13 
(from the Builddri ; Arhenx^tn, 26 April IMl. 
p.4-'i6.1 W.W. 

HENRIETTA or HENHIETTA 

ANNE, Dt'cuLMOi' OBLEixa (li344-ItC0i, 
bom at Bedford House. Exeter, on 10 June 
1014, wnsihe fifth daughter of Charles J, by 
hia iniet-n, Henrietta ^faria. By her fstlier» 
ordent 6bewtu baptised in Exeter Cathedral, 
according to the terms of the church of Edb- 
land ; tlie register gives her name as simplr 
Henrietta (lUii.EY, Life uf FttUrr, p. Sllj. 
Within tiftfen days al^er berbirt b her mother 
started for Erance, confiding her to the care 
of Sir John Berkeley, governor «f Exeter, 
who was also a tenant of Bedford Houk. 
Her governess was Lady Dalkeith. Charles 
^aw bif) daughter for the Hn*t time on hut 
arrival at Exeter on 2U July, when on hti 
way to Cornwall. On 17 fi>ept. be wa* again 
at Exeter, where he spent nearly a week, and 
asfiigued for her maintenance the greater part 
of tnc cxciw; revenue* of the city. He esta- 
blishtHl her household, appointing for hw 
chaplain Thomas Fuller. For some months 
the princess remained untnolosted, altboogh 
an attempt was made to alienate her rereniMi 
formHitary purpa<ies. Inthe autumn of l&lo, 
when Fairfax laid .sit'ge to Exeter, her govcp^ | 
ne."** vainly endeavuured to remove heri«t(v( 
Cornwall, (in the surrender of th« tity in f 
April 164G it was Btipulatt-d thot Heun'ettaj 
should either remain in safety in Exeter orl 
be taken with her governess to any place «e- 1 
b-cted for them, while the king's pleasure 
ishould be taken aa to her future re»idence. 
Henrietta was ultimately taken to Oatlandi. 1 
The funds aa^igned for herwere now no longer j 
available. I^ady I>ulkfithf after making ».^| 
vernl fruitless appliealinns lothi^ generals audi 
jiarliament.wrolean urgent letter to the com-1 
uiitteefor the county of Sum-y at Kingston. , 
The commons ordeit-d, on 24 Moy, that iboj 

Erincess should be placed with her sasterudl 
rotber at St. James's Polace ; her retinovj 
was In be dismissed, and a rnmmitteo to bo I 
aji]M)inted to see to lier proper maintenance, f 
Lady Dalkeith, who bad been directed in a 1 
recent letter fi-om the king to stay with thtt ' 
princo»sat all hazards, apjilied for the nt.'C«*-J 
sary permi.tsion to the speakers of the House 1 
of Commons ondof Ihellotise of I^rds:. iktth T 
letters proving unsuccessful, Ladv Dalkeith 1 
resolvea to escape, and on 25 July pupiI 
and governess were suddenly missing. The 
household, by Lady Dalkeith's desire.did not 
romniunicate with the parliament until three- j 
daynlator. No orders were given for pursuit. , 
Lady ]>alkeith dif^ised the child in a tat- 1 
t«red frock and called her ' Peter,' as tbo 
nearest approximation to hor lij^in^ of' prio- 



Henrietta 



4*7 



Henrietta 



Sfae dis^ui&ed bnseZf a» the wife of a 
ralec. azui with, oalj one coutiduit, passiiig as 
hex hosbuui, mcfiiid I^3Ter on foot, croi^sed 
tlie CltuLnel bT tbit ordin&rT French packet, 
and reached Fkru la safety. The queen in 
a transpon of jor rowed to hare her daufh- 
ter reared In the Roman catholic faith, bhe 
aflaw«rd» a^eezted that Charles had coo- 
seoted. The war of the Fronde in ItUS re- 
duced HennHta and her mother for a while 
to a state ai desiitation. They wen then 
residing in the LoavTe. Lady IJalkeith, now 
the Coanteas nf Morton, continaed to be her 
goTemeas, and Father Cypiien de Gamache 
was her religioos teacher. '\\'hen, in 1650^ 
Charles 11 came to reside for some time with 
his mother he became mach attached to 
Henrietta. Henrietta's early graces and Ti- 
Tacity rendered her a faToahte at the French 
court. In ld->4 she was allowed to be present 
at a fete given by Cardinal Mazarin to the 
members of the French and English royal 
families. A few months later she took part 
in a ballet-royal, at which Louis XIV and 
his brother, and her own Inother, Jame^ 
duke of York, were also actors. She per- 
stmated Erato in the nuptials of Peleus and 
Thetis. The followine^ June, with her mother 
and two of her brotaers, she witnessed the 
coronation of Louis XTV' at Rheims. Uuring 
the Tisit of her elder sister, the Princess 
Mary of Orange, to the French court in \6^j6 
Henrietta took a prominent port at several 
entertainments. She visited sacred shrines, 
and occasionally went to Chaliot, where her 
mother delighted to see her practise humility 
by waiting upon the nuns. Anne of Austria 
-, for a time contemplated a marriaffe between 
/ Henrietta and Louis XIV, to which the latter 
would not consent. Towards the close of 
1659 the princess retired with her mother to 
Colombes, near Paris. On the Restoration it 
was understood that Henrietta would marry 
Philippe, duke of Aniou (1640-1701), only 
brother of the French King. A special envoy, 
the Count de Soissons, was despatched to 
England as the bearer of a formal demand 
for the princess. The queen-mother and her 
daughter also went to England. They set out 
on 19 (N.S. 29) Oct. 1 660,were received every- 
where with regal honours, and on leaving 
Calais were met by the DuIec of York at the 
head of the whole English fleet, while Charles 
himself was in attendance off Dover. Lon- 
don was reached on 2 Nov. The House of 
Commons offered its congratulations to Hen- 
rietta and voted her a present of 10,000/., 
which she acknowledged in a graceful letter 
to the speaker. She apologised for her de- 
fects in writing English, but desired to supply 
all defeots by an English heart. Henrietta 



became a f^kvourite at the English court. 
The Duke of Buckingham professed himself 
her most devoted admirer, and acted in such 
a manner &5 to call iorth public remark. In 
the meantime the Count de Soissons was 
busily forwarding the cv^mpletion of the mar- 
riage contract. Loub^ created his brother 
Imke of ihrleans and Chartres, with $ulhcient 
revenues. Knowing that the *tate of the 
English lintincv« would make asultable dower 
di&cult, he tried to obtain ttum Charles the 
rvstoratiott ^^ the pi.>rt of Lhinkirk. Charles 
refuiiieil, but pn>mbjed his visiter a pitrtiou of 
4O,00iV. sterling instead. The deaths of the 
Duke of («louoe(>ter and the IMncess Marv 
of t>range 0'"* ^^pt- w*"-! :*^ Dec. lti»X» made 
the queen-mother anxious to remove Heot- 
rietta to France, .\t\er a delay caused br 
bad weather and her iU-health, she left 
Portsmouth on :fo Jan. The marriage, owing^ 
to the Lent seasvm. was celebrated privatelv 
at the Palais Koy&t on 90 Maivh tt5dL ThV 
duchess became fi>r a time the cvntcv of at- 
traction in the cv>urtly circle. Louis shovred 
her an apparent devotion which was a blind 
for his i^ssion for Mile, de \a ValUere, one 
of her maids of hv^nour. At her request 
Itacine and CwneiUe umlertot»k to write tra- 
gedies on the adi«Hts «4' Titus and Berenice, 
llenrietta also {i«tn.>msed Moltere. and stood 
sponsor for his infant s^nn. bom in Januarr 
l(>t>4. Her da\'s wery^ nuseil in an unceasing^ 
whirl of dissipation. Vor her husband she 
felt neither anection nor re«pect. llerfiiis 
tat ion wit h Amatid, ci^unt de G uiche. already 
married to a daughter of the Count de Sully, 
UhI to his exile. .\ Kx^k pitrpi^rting to give 
a detailed narrat i ve of her amours with Louis» 
with the Count de Quiche, and with other 
nobles of the ctmrt was published in Holland, 
and only suppresseil by the exertions of her 
best friend, Daniel de Cosnac, bishop of Va- 
lence. 

The jealous temper of her husband was 
further rou-tetl by the fact that she was ad- 
mitted to a knowlwlge of state secrets con- 
cealed fromhim. His favourite, the Chevalier 
de liormine, «»nstantly triwl toalienate him 
from his wife. Henrietta had becomethechief 
agent bet wwn the Kngl ish and French courts. 
Charles was ntyotiating for help fn>m lx)uis 
at the end of Uitft»,and Henrietta's pn^seuce 
in England Un^ame dwirable. Her luutbandV 
constMit was mH'tvwary; but upon the exile 
of the (Chevalier lie l^orraiue, theduke hurried 
his wife off to his countri- seat of Villers- 
Cotterets, vowing that he would not return 
to court until his favourite was rei*alled. 
I^etters from Chttrlt»s. the Ihike of York, and 
Henri- Jomiyn.earl of St. Albans, wereshown 
to him, suggesting that the duchess ahuuhl 



Henrietta 



438 



Henrietta 



Ukt> advttntAgB of the approaching risit of 
liic French court to FUnders to pay a short 
vUil to her rflativvs in Kiig'land. Tht; real 
object nf thf? visit was canjfull;,- concealed. 
LouiR further t'on<IfMct'nJed to rtquest his 
brother lo rKtiirii, end the duke was only 
too glad lo acct^pt the overture. On 24 Feb. 
1670 he and the duchess reached Paris. Their 
return to court was followed by an apparent 
fM'onciliation to each other, but before long 
theirquarrels recommenced. Philipperoundly 
abused hia wife, whilellenrieira !*pok»; of hor 
Imsbund niriru cautiously, vet noun the lea* 
contompt uously. She now had constant cim- 
sultntioiiit with the kinfr, who oHen took her 
opinion u])on home affairs independently of 
biR ministers. At length the auke was in- 
duced to allow Henrietta to cross to Itover, 
but ehc was by no means to proceed to Loo- 
don, nor to be Bbsetit for more than three 
days. Thej*>um*'v into Flanders commenced 
on 28 April. In Flanders Henrietta 8urpri8e<I 
M. lie FomiK>nne, agent of I^uis in Holland^ 
by her biu'inei's capacity. Shoembiirked from 
Ihinkirk forKuLdaudon 24 May. Inhertmin 
went nn a maid of honour Ijoui,^ de Que- 
roiiaille, ujion whom Louis relied to captivate 
C^harlea. Hefore Henrietta reached l>over 
the king, the l>uke of York, Prince Rupert, 
and the young Dukt* of Monmouth rowen out 
to welcome her. Dover (.'fLM.le was titled U|i 
for her reeeption. Henrietta, in her own 
name and that of Louis, recommended ' the 
reHlorntion of On- Itoman C'ulholjc religion 
aud of absolutii power.' She advised Charles 
to * Halter the English Protestant Church, 
ad by alternately coaxing and persecuting 
asenters to render them at last . . . subser- 
vient to his will.' He waa also lo joiuwith 
France against Ifolland, the commercial rival 
of England, and to .siipjtort the claim rtf the 
house of Bourlxui to the monan-hy of Spain. 
Louia engaged to pay n lufjifi: subaidy, nnil pro- 
mised tosupport Charles withanarmyagamat, 
any insurrection in Kngland. ' She concluded 
her harangue,' writes one who was present, 
'and spoke thereat wLlhitnelot|ueuceofamore 
iranacendenl kind, and which, though dumb, 
infinitely 8urpii5sed the force of her reasons 
or of her more charming words.' Charles 
was grwatly impressed by the 'wonderful 
pntbelicalneas of her discourse,' but urged a 
lew objections. On 1 June, within six days 
of her landing, she obtained his signature to 
the treaty. Colbert went over with it to 
Calais, wliere IjOuis was in readiness to add 
his signature, and hostenefl hack in triumph 
to Dover. Henrietta even fliittered herself 
that in a few more days, if Turenne were 
sent over on pretext of conducting her home, 
she could persuade her brother to a declara- 



tion of war against Holland. But PhUippe, 
who had already been compelled by ]»uja to 
grant hl^ wife an extension of time, would 
hear of no further delay, and Louis a^Uo was 
fearful lest the presence of Turenne in Eng- 
land should excite t he suspicionsof the DulrL. 
Henrietta re-«mbarked for France on l^Jttxw. 
Charles promi^'d her a present of six thou- 
sand pislohv for her travelling expenses, for 
which she had pawned some of her jewels i 
gave her a parting gift valued at two thau- 
eond pistoles ; and told her that be wished 
her to leave him one of lier Jewels, namely 
lx>uise de l^uerouailte, as a token of afiec- 
lion, Henrietta refused to leave her mud 
of honour, but promised not to onpoNe thf> 
girl's return to Kngland in ease he should 
obtain for her an appointment as maid of 
honour to his tjueen. On reaching St. Ger- 
mains (18 June) Henrietta found that her 
husband had been annoyed by the reporta of 
the secret uegotiation and by the warmth of 
Louis's gratitude. I-^uis look every oppor- 
tunity of showing her honour in public, and 
privately presented her with six thouaaad 
pistoles that she might redeem her pawned 
jcwelfi and reserve for her own use the money 
promisiMl bv her brother. To mortify hw 
wife the dulse retired with her to St. Llood 
on 24 June. On 2<i June, during a visit to 
I lie court at Ver^tailtes, Philipj**- was irri- 
tated by aurpriiting the king and Henri- 
etta in a contidential conversation, which 
ceased the moment he entered the room. 
He \eh \'ersailleft in anger, and look away 
his wife bathed in tcara. Her health was 
uncertain, but, in spite of the remonstrances 
of her chief physician, she persisted in 
bathing in the Seine. On the afternoon 
of 29 June, after drinking a cup of chicory- 
water, she was seized with violent pains 
and vomiting. She deularf^l rept'ste<ily that 
she was ])oi(ftoned. She dieil al»(ml hnlf-past. 
two o'clock in the morning of iWi June 1d70, 
within ten hours from the comraencementof 
the attack. A poat-mortem examination was 
hurriedly conducted by ayoungand unskilful 
French ourgeon, and the death assigned to 
naturolcauses. Horrible suspicions, bo werer, 
arose. Saint Simon aaserts that she was de- 
liberately poisoned, with her hu^)>and's con- 
nivance, by his finst aquire, D'KtIiat, and the 
Count de Reuvron, captain of the guards, 
acting on the instructions of tlie Chevalier 
de Ivurruine, who supplied the drug. None 
of these persons were punished or even re- 
moved from their places, from fear of tl- 
citing suspicion. Lorraine was even recalled. 
On 21 .\ug, Henrietta was buried with ex- 
traordinary' magniilcence at ,St. I>uuis, Boe- 
auet pronounced the funeral oration. Tht 



Henrietta Maria 429 



Henrietta Maria 



multitude of panegyrics in prose and verse 
wnned in sorrow (or her untimely dealli led 
Kochester to declnre t lint ' never was any one 
M) regrytted sincn dyingf was the fiifiliion.' 
HenriHttiilett two daughters: tin* elder, Marie 
liouiiie, became the mieeu of Charles 11 of 
Spain ; the younger, Jliirie. was married to 
\ ictor Anindeiis II of i^avoy. In the year 
following Ilenricttn's death Philipjie mnrried 
her80Condcousin,Kli2QbetliCbarliitte,dntii;h- 
ter of Charles Louis, electur palatine, eldest 
Bon of the (jueen of Bohemia. 

Her portrait wa» drawn and enfyroved by 
Claude MelUm, of whieh a copy by Van der 
WerlTwaaenirraveil by J. Audnin forl^arrey's 

* History.' Anntlier eiip^raved portrait of !ier, 
by Peter \yilliam8on, is dated 1001 ; a third 
was executed by Nicolas de Larmessin. In 
the National Portrait Gallery there is » por- 
trait by Mipnard, engrav*Hl hy Coupcr tn 

* Monarchy Revived.' Another by the name 
artift is in the poaseasion of the Duke of 
Orafton. (Iranf^er mentions a pi>rtrait at 
Piinham, Chefihire, the fteat of the Earl of 
St-smford, by Largilliom ; another at Ames- 
bury, VViltsniri'; and a thinl, hy Petilot, at 
Strawlx'rry Hill, Middlesex (Jiioff. Uht. of 
Enqtantt, ind edition, pp. 1 60- 1 ). The Earl 
of llume possesses a portrait by harpilliere, 
and the I'^arl of Crawford one by Wir r. I^dy. 
There ore two |Kirtr«its of her at \'i'rsaille»; 
one at St. Cloud, bv H. Uigaud, was burnt 
in \WJii{C(lt.t^^unrtklhUntion,\m9', Scharf. 
Cat. Xatinnal Portrait Gallfry). Piatt and 
Tunier wvernlly engraved the picture in the 
posseasion of I'lurl Poulett. 

[Mr?. Kverett (Jrcen's Livm of the Princowcs 
nf EiigUnd. vi. 399-fi84. 686-90 ; Burni't'o Oim 
Time; MarnaLiiiV Hist, of KDglntnl; LniUuw'a 
StemoirK, iii. 227: Oeut. Mag. July 1773. pp. 
824-6; Kvans's Cat. of linpraTcd' I'ortrati*. 
i. 2A6.J G. G. 

HENRIETTA MARIA (160S>-16tW\ 
queen consort of Charles I, kinp of Great 
Britain and Ireland, the youngest daughter 
of Henry IV nf ?'ranceand<)f his H<'Cond wife, 
Mary de Medipis,wa.H lioni at the Louvre on 
15-25 Nov. IrtOlX Am early a« IC-'O, when the 
tVench court was anxious to draw Kugland 
away from the Spanish nllience, a proposal 
to marrv her to Charles, prince of ^\ ales, 
was made by a French agent to JameR I, and 
the offer wiLS repeated to Sir Edward Her- 
bert. James's ambflssador at Paris. The child, 
hearing her religion talked of as likely to 
raise difticulties, said that * a wife ou^dit. to 
have no will but that of her husband' ( Her- 
b.«rtV IVxputdi, 14 Aug. UJlHl, in llaH. Ms. 
\'>^\, fol. 15; TiLLlicnK'e Mrmoim, i». 'l<i). 
The prfjposal wait uHowed to drop.aiiu when 
ClmrW taw her on his way through Paris 



on hia journey to Madrid in 1623, either hia 
thoughts were too full of the infanta^ or 
Henrietta Mariana child of thirteen, was too 
young to attract his attention. It wa« not 
till 1624, when the Spanish match had been 
discarded, that there was any serious thought 
of a French marriage in England. 

On 15-2o Feb. 1^24 Viscount Kensington 
arrived at Paris to sound the disp<.wition of 
I^ouls XIII and bis mother. He described 
the princeM, then in her fifteenth year, aa ' a 
lovely, sweet young creature,' who welcomed 
him with smilee. The projKWed match wa» 
accejitnble to the French court, and in May 
the Karl of Carlisle whji sent, to join Kensing- 
ton in making arrangements for the marriage. 
There were many political and other difii- 
culties to be got over, but on 12-22 Dec. the 
marriage trejity was sworn to at Cambridge. 
On 1-11 May 1(125 the marriage itrndf wa* 
celebrated at Pariii, the Duke of Chevreuse 
acting as proxy for the bridegroom, who was 
now, by his father's death, Cliarles I. 

Henrietta Marin landed at Dover on 12- 
22 June, and first saw her husband on the 
following day. The early part of her mar- 
ried life was unhappy. Sshe was only in her 
sixteenth year, and she had heard from her 
mother that her marriage was to bring relief 
to the English catholics, aa Charles had en- 
gaged In a do<!ument, signed together with 
the marriage 1n>aty, to dispense with the 
penal laws from whicb they suffered. CharU>a, 
however, in his desire to conciliate his first 
parliumcnt,*broko his word. Naturally the 
young bride felt herself cheated, and her dis- 
satisfaction seems to have been increased by 
her numerous French attendants, male and 
female, who were almoat her sole companions, 
and whom Charles had, by the marriage ar- 
ticles, b')un<l himself to keep about her. In 
August.when the voung coupb-wereatTiteh- 
field, Charles urged his wife in vain to allow 
him to add English ladies to her household. 
Early in 1 62G she was supported by hor brot her 
in refusing to be ero^nned by a protcstanc 
bishop. Charles seems to have been eager 
In bring the queen into cIo«' ndations with 
Buckingham and bis family, a design which 
flie heartily n*!*ented, and nuckingham, o» 
the other band, used all his influence with 
Charles a^inst her ; and it ia even said that 
he reminded her on one occasion that former 
qui'enH had lost their heads. 

In June !ti2ti there was a fre-th quarrel 

about the nrraiigemt-ntBrtilatingtolhequeen's 

jninlure, and on 20 June-tJ July, after a day 

FijKMit in devotion, Henrietta Maria, walking 

I ill Hyde Park, Hitpnuiebrd Tybiim, where so 

' nniny rslbolies bad been pxecuted, and nt- 

I tered some kind of prayer, probably for the 



k 



[enrietta Maria 



430 



lennt 



tntcrceasion of ttioe*! whom she counted as 
nuutyrs. Cliarlt^ liHiird this in an exaf^ 

">gerated form, and on ill July-lO Aug. drove 
•il the queen's French nttftndants from the 
palact; and ^hippod thorn off to Fmncc in the 
course of h fi>w davft. Tht'ir places were 
filled hv KnglUh. Louis XIII complained of 
thid broach of tho marriage treatr, bat sent 
Bassompiorre over to find j^ome comproraisH; 

land an arronpemt?nt would probably have 
been come to if war had not. bnikt-n out be- 
tween France and Knglandon other fiTOund^. 
The absence uf lh«; Vnmch attendants no 
doubt- contributed to remove some causes of 
friction; but it was not till after Bucking- 
ham'a murder, in 16:28. that all causea uf 
mutual dispute were removed. The recon- 
ciliation theu effected was the beginuinu* of 
an alfectiou which lasted as long as they 
both live<L 

On l.'t May 1039 Henrietta Maria ffave 
birth priiinftturely to her firnt ehild, a Imy, 
who died after two hours. Her eldest sur- 
viving child, afterwards Charlefl II» waa bora 
on 2S May IGiJO. She subsequently became 
the mother of Mary, afterwards princess nf 
Omoge, on 4 Nov. ItKil ; of Jamce, after- 
-mrda James 11, on 14 Oct. Ul,^3; of Kliza- 
beth on 38 Jan. 1636 ; of Henry, afterwards 
duke of Qlouceaterr on 6 July 1^10 ; and of 
Henrietta, afterwania ducha«s of Orleans, on 
16 June ]tM4 (all are separatelv noticed). 
For some time after her reconciliation with 
her husband it was imitos^ible to induce her 
to take any part in polities. She was fond of 
ploa.4ure and extrnva^nt; and though she 
oore ill-will to the lonl treasurer, Weston, it 
was not on account, of his political conduct, 
bnt solely on account uf the difGculty she 

I found in extracting tnonev from him. In 
1629 the French ambjissador, Chateauneuf, 
ii1t«mpte<l in vain to use her influence tx> 
gain n\» ends (Olmteniinenf*s Despatches, 
jirrh. //« .'IJ'. Etrtiii'jhrfi^, Antfleterrtf, xliii.) 

' Chatcauneuf found that the queen waa 
allowed all freedom in her religion; bat 
though Charles consented to his proposal to 
<'5tablish eight Capuchins in her household, 
he refused to allow a bi»^lioP to Im inlroduc<Kl 
to preside over them, le-st lie should meddle 
in 01 her matters. The arrival of the Capuchi ns 
wa« necopdingly p<)!tt])oned to a later period. 
In U(:10, however, she broke her rule about 
ab>ttuiniiig from politics, so far as to be rude 
to the Spanish ambassador Coloma, who came 
to li^ngland to negotiate a peace. In 1G>31 
*ihe quarrv^U(.Hl with Chatoauneuf's successor, 
Fontenny-Mareviil, and Charles refu/*ed lo 
support her. *She had, in fact, been drawn by 
Clittt^-auneuf to sympathise with the intrigues 

■fAgftinst Richelieu, in which her mother was 



implicated. 8hedid not, howevcr.givpmudLl 
more than her M'ujpathy in the mailer. 

The queen gathered around her court lli 
lighter elements of Charles's society. E*!- 
mund Waller tang herpraisu^nnd theemntv* 
headedEurlof Ilulland.wboa<Vi>!cotmt Km 
sington bad carried to Parin the propoul fori 
her marriage, was a favonr<*d vi&ifiir in hrM 
drawing-room. In 1632 Waltt-r Montagu* ' 
wrr>te * The Shepherd's Pastoral/ iu wlurh 
she was to act on the kincV birthday; ami 
it waa Ler part in ihi- relu'arsal of this whidi 
called out from Pryune the well-known at- 
tack on ' women actors' which co^t him hii 
ears. On 2 Feb. It^sho welcomed the ment- , 
bers of the Inns of Court when they came lo 1 
Whitehall to preetent a ma5i|uc as a prote^iti 
against Prynne's condemnation of tbe st«fre,| 
and she afterwards dnnce<l with some of tW^ 
masquers. Tbat her own life wiw thoroughly 
pure we have the testimonv of her confewnr 
(ConntoBarberini,y(rf./..l/\. l?):t8l>,foL196)jj 
but she was frivolnuti, and wittiuut anyap-j 

{ireeiation of real merit, and fni^uently osvdl 
ler influence with her lui^band to obtain 1 
favours for courtiers unworthy of consider>-j 
tion. It was the facility with which Charl^j 
complied with her desires that brought her' 
into colliiion with Wejitworrh, who fuuml 
himself hnrnpernd by her interference. 

Such aid as Henrietta Maria gave to the 
French ambAssadon* wa3 too fituU to be of 
much use, and for snmp time hprinterfervnceii 
on behalf of the En^rliiih Koman catholic*! 
were of little more avail. Shi- kept her chapi>1 1 
at Somerset House open to all wlm cho^e to f 
use it, and the Capuchin prifM^, who had it I 
last been sent to otiiciate in it, were Kealou.*! 
in the work of proiielytism. Through tbffj 
quoon's influence (In'goriti Panzani, whoar-J 
rived in Kngland on ll' l>ec. \(VM on n special 
mission from Home, was informnlly received j 
bySoeretary Windebank. She took hercldest i 
son 10 maAs; but Panxani complained that 
she could not be brought to attend steadily J 
eve^ to the buune&sof siip])orting herchurch. j 
It WAS finally resolved that Panznni s^liouldj 
be succeeded by George Oonn [q. v.] In Fe- j 
bruaty 1636, however, the kiiig took alarm, [ 
at least so far as to forbid his wife to take] 
her eldest boy to maM. In August she ac-j 
companitnl the king to Oxford, where Conn* I 
who had lately arrived, was prrsent with 
Panzani, Conn grnduuUy acquired conaider- j 
ablo influence over her. at least bo far aa toi 
bring her to stipport his effort* at conventirai. ' 
At this time she wiui brought into collision 
with Loud, who urgtxl llie king to thn^w 
obstacles iu the way of Conn's activity in 
converting the court ladies by putting* tbe 
laws against the catholita in force. Aftar \ 



A 



Henrietta Maria 



43' 



Henrietta Maria 



Wl 






Cburlcs hnrl iiretmred a prnclnmntinn ftiidi 
as Laud rwiuirea, tliL* (jiieon obljiinixl a modi- 
fication of It which rendf^red it practically 
valueless. At ChriAtmas 1636 she nrranp^d 
that all the new converts should receive the 
«oniinaiiiou in a scpamte body in ber cbapol, 
in order to exhibit their numberji. * You 
have now seen ,*ttho iifterwiirds said to Conn, 
•what has romnof tbc procliimation '(C'<inn*8 
Despatches. Aihlit.MitS. l.'iJlWO-]). 

Conn df^cribea her at thiH lime as * bo 
full of incredible innoccuci; that in the pre- 
sence of t*trfln;fers she i* a.s modest as a girl.' 
* Father Philip avors/Oonn rontinnca, * that 
she is without sin, except of omi&aion. . . . 
lo rwipect to the faith or Bina of the flesh 
»he is never tempted When she confessea 
or communicates she is so absorbed as to 
lutonish the couftwaor and evorybody. In 
her bedroom no onu mjiy enter but women, 
with whom she sometimes n-tires and in- 
dulgt'S in innocent amusemi'nt^. She some- 
times siifTers from melancholy, and then she 
liKe» t^ilence. When she is in trouble she 
turn--* with heart and soul to God. Sho has 
little care for the future, trusting- altogether 
in the king. Consef]Ui':!ntly it \& of more im- 
portance to gain tho ministers of state, of 
whom Khe may be the patroness if ohe likes ' 
Conn to JIarberini, 1^^-23 Aug. 1636, Record 
^pief Tramtrriptg). 

Such wa6 Henrietta Maria, lif^ht-hearled, 
jovouB, and innocent, hut Rppan>ntlv inca|i- 
nble of Hutitained application when her hu»- 
bandV troubles bef(au. In lictober 1(>38 abe 
bad thL' pleasure of once more seein(j her 
mot her, who arrived in Cnghmd as a fug-irlve. 
In I63i*, when there was a difficulty in rais- 
ing money for the impending wur with the 
Scots, she urged the cutholics to contribute 
towards it, and obtained from thetn a grant 
of :i(.l,<.Htl)/, A furtJier Bucgestion made by 
her, that the ladies of Knglaud shoiUd make 
u prt>«ent to the king, wa* leas successful. 
Allor Charles had left London for the bor- 
rs, Tfenrietla Maria wa? with some difli- 
iilty iirevPuLed from following him to the 
cnmp, when' she hoped to prevent him from 
<.'\po*tint' hims«lf to danger. After the (irst 
bishops' war was at an end, the <]ueon wa« 
ngain active in court, intriguer, hoping to ob- 
lain jiromotiott for her frii-ndK irrie«|H.'Ctireof 
ihi'iri|Uttlificationsforotlipe. Sheph-adod un- 
ijaueccssfully forthw nppimitmentnf T-riceMer 
n a vacttut secretaryship of tdnte, and after- 
mrds {yurty in l(5J0) moo- HmTeH.sfulIy for 
r'ane, who wiw appoinlt?d at her instance, in 

?l>OMition to tlio strongly exprewed opinion 
Strallbrd. When the Short porliampnt 
as alwut to meet nhe was naturallv anxious 
it it should insist on a renewal of the per- 



secution of the rntholii'^, anil eflpeclally on 
the removal of UoBsotti.who had lately suc- 
ceediid Conn as the papal agent at her court. 
Charles, however, told her that he would tell 
parliament that her marriage treaty necured 
her right to hold correapondence with Rome. 
'This,' she said to Kossetti, 'is not true; 
but the king will take this pretext to silence 
anyone who meddh^with the matter '( Itos- 
setii to Barherini, L7 Dw.-O Jan. 1631)-l(), 
RecordOffice TrottMcri}ttg), Thequeen, bow- 
ever, was not altogether reliev**d, and ap- 
plied to Strafford for help. As her danger 
increased sho discovered tnat it wa.ii poAsiule 
that Strafford, whom abc Imd hitherto re- 
garded as on enemy, because he refused her 
unreaaonable requests, might be of some iiso 
to her. In April It^O she declared ojtenly 
that she considi'red bim the most capable ancl 
faithful of her luiRlmnd's tenants ( Montreuil 
to Bplli/-vre,:W April-lUMiiv UHO,Hibi,Nat. 
Fr. 15Wt5. ful. hli. 

After the dwsolulion of the Sliort parlia* 
mcnt Henrietta Maria was fully impressed 
with the gravity of her own and her hus- 
band's situation, but though she had been 
iiftceu years in England, ?ihe had even leas 
knowledge tliati Charles of the character and 
prejudices of Englishmen. She now began, 
doubtless with her huaband's full cont^ent, 
that long coura« of intriguoa for foreign 
aid which did mort* thnu anything else to 
Itring thf king to the block. On 15 May 
Windelmnk a-tked Ttosaetti to write to the 
uojie for money and men for Charles, and tt 
ta hardly possible to doubt that this waa 
done in coosequence of orders from both 
Charles and the qiicon (the question is dift- 
cussed inOAKDi>'LR, IIut.o/£nijland, ItXKt- 
ItWa, ix. KJo, n, \ ). Before the end of July 
she learnt that the pone would do nothing 
nnlc5--f Charles would roangi? hia religion, m 
which case aix or «ight tbousond Boldiera 
would be sent (Barberini to HoesettI, SO- 
SO June; RosaetU to Barberini, 31 July- 
10 May, lierord Ofiire TranAcripU\ 

When the Long parliiiment met in No- 
vember lrt40 Henrietta Maria iteconded her 
husband's entn*atie« to tSiraHbrd, on whos** 
vigorous Rupport frhe now counted, to come 
to I^ndim. She ivn-i htirself in the utmost 
(langi*r, as. though t he parliamentary leaders 
knew nothing of her appeol to Uomc fur 
bolp.tbey kiu*w that the court had been the 
controof the luachiner^- of conversion, which 
tliev rciiarded \i& more dangerous than it 
really was. She on ber part treated the 
in»<mburR nf th<> puritan oppoi^itiun aa actu- 
ated only by factiriusi and personal motiviM. 
Before the end of November KUO she agniii 
ui^^ the popo to »0D<1 bermoneyi specifying 



Henrietta Maria 452 



[ana 



the sum of 1*25,000/. o^ that which might be 
eroployed in comiptmB- members of parlia- 
ment (BarberJni to Itossettt, 16-26 Jan. 
1641, Jifcord Office Tran»cripU\ So ready 
waa she to sniiteh at any method of turning 
\\w tablt!S u])ou her adversaries that she now 
fitvoiireil the marriaffe of her eldest daughter 
Mary to Prince William of Orange, which 
flhe hnd discount etui need in the preceding 
sumTner, in the hope tliat the bridegroom 
would bring with him a sum of ready money 
which mipht be useful in organising reaiat- 
anre to narUament,or might ercn conduct a 
bod V of ilutch troops to the help of the king. 

With these hopes before her, Henrietta 
Maria set at nouglit the wish of parliament 
to expel Kossetti, and again before the end 
of December pressed the pope for aid. She 
promised thatthougli Charles could not him- 
w!f become a catholic for fear of deposition, 
he would grant lilwriy of worshi]! to tlie ca- 
tholics of itU hi.H kingdoms ( Uossetti to Bar- 
beriui, 25 Dec. 4 Jan. UMl, lievord OffUr 
Transcripts}. Kurly in January, however, 
being apparently anxious tobave twostrings 
to her bow, the queen opened a negotiation 
with the parliamentary leaders, offering, as 
far ns can be now known, to admit some of 
them to office if they would allow Roiiselti 
to, remain. As the negotiation came to 
nothing at the time, it may be inforriKl that 
the propoaal wan rejected. Before the end 
of the month she found her position so diffi- 
cult that on the plco of ill-tiealth she pro- 
posed to visit France in April. It is possible, 
too, that she was still caleulating on a 
favourable answer from Kome, and judged 
it prudent to b(! out of the way when the 
exjiloBion came. 

The queen's motives arc the more diffi- 
cult to uisentanglo, as she was living in the 
midst of a web of intrigue, on which it is 
impoeaihle to throw complnto tight. In the 
beginning of February sue woa again hold- 
ing interviews with the parliamentary leaders 
and proposing office to them, and on the 4tU 
ahe sent a civil message to the House of 
Commons. Early in March she learnt that 
Richelieu not only would hear nothing of 
her visit to France, but was determined not 
to help her in anyway ; and about the same 
time fshe was iuformod by Ko^setti tliat 
nothing was to bo had from the pope uiilt>s.-i 
the king would change his rehgion. She 
therefore turned for help in another direc- 
tion. Henry JermNTi was her man of busi- 
ness, in whom she had the strongfwt conH- 
dence.and heandSirJohnSiii-kling)4ugg).>atcd 
lo her n pint for hringingup the EngliNli array 
in the north to siip{»ort the king. 0[i2<l Marrii, 
before the plan could be matured, StraH'ord's 



trial began ; the queen was cnnstantly prM 
sent, and the necesifitv of acting quickly a]| 
peared more urgent, 'I'he plot, however, i 
with unexpected objstacles. The queen 
touded that Goring should c^^mmand the army" 
as lieutenant-general, but on the :i9th ii ap- 
peared that the officers of the army would i 
place themselves under him. On I At., 
Goring betrayed the plan to the parlia 
mentary leaders. Pyni kept the secret fq 
some time, but Iuk knowledge led to i 
creased vigour in the pn^^et'dings again, 
Stmfford- The queen did hi*r best to sbt 
him, and won over »ome of the peers to voti 
for saving his life, but niie could not ma. 
up her mind to abide by constitutional pn 
sure. On 19 April Prince William ofUrang 
arrived, bringing with him a largt> sum 4 
money, the exact amount of which oanno 
be BBCertained. All kinds of violent 
were talked of, and when nimouni of 
plans got abroad they were always suppoBed 
to have their centre in the queen's court. 

On 2 May the marriage of the IVincej 
Mary waa celebrated. The next morning i 
was known that attempts had been made t 
deliver Strafford with the help of armed men 
All Loudon was tn a !ttate uf excitement, an 
on 5 May Pym revealed his knowledge of tbd 
anny plot. On the 6th Jermyn, Sucklii 
and others fled beyond sea. Chi the ftth W 
bill for StroiTord's attainder waa read for i 
tltird time in the House of Lords. Thefl 
were also rumours that a French fleet ' 
on its way to invade England. The queefl 
prepareil to fly to Portsmouth, and it wa 
widely believed that she wi-^hed to tak 
n^fugc in Fmncc because Jermyn was h«^ 
lover, and ehe could not bear to live without 
him. By the advice of Montreuil, the Fivnrl 
agent, slie refniined from leaving WhiteliAlL| 
An angry mob gathered round the palacn^ 
calling out for Stmrt'ord's execution; an<J 
when on the 9th Charles gave his consent to 
it, he waa able to excuse the act in his owa 
eyes by the danger to which his wife ami 
children were oxnosed (the Elector Palatinfl 
to the Queen of Hohemin. IS May, FoBJrrE 
linfUh Stnteitme7t, vi. 71 ; the Iving to ill 
queen, I)-19 Feb., Charts lin 16W,Camd.' 
Socp. IH). 

Tile queen could no longer retain Ri»ssellij 
in England. Before he left ?he again beg(.'»>d| 
him, on 2 June, to obtain mnuey — loO.'JX 
was the sum she named — on any ttirma alinr 
of her husbnnd's conversion. On the 26tb 
she and the king hud their last intervien 
with him, in which she declared that as flo«>ii 
ns the hnusee were adjourned the king would 
take measures fur his own advantage (R41* 
settt to Harberini, 9-19 July, in Itemrd Of 



Henrietta Maria 



433 



Henrietta Maria 



TmMcnptji). Soonafter this she agnin talked | re-conqiiest of Ireland, a proposal which, had 



of visiting the continent, on the pleaofhur 
jll-health. Thin time »h« wiw to go to Spa. 
The commons bt*lieved that ghe was about 
to take with her the crown jewels in order 
to pawn ihem, and took measures which 
effectually put u stop to the scheme for the 
time. She did not, however, Hbondon it, 
and when her mother left Kngland in August 
she exprt-nuiw^d her intention of following her 
un1e«9 times changed. 

Henrietta indeed liad not quite abandon 
hope. The king wut< now in Scotland, looking 
forward to the reH'j4iabUshmcnt of his power 
in England wtlb the helpofuScottisharujv. 
She knew well how dilKcnll it was to carry 
out any itueh scheme without more money 
than Charley had at hif; command, and before 
the end of Augusst ahe again plcadei] with 
the pope for u lupply. As the ho]>et} of Scot'- 
tish intenenlion grew dim, the proapecta 
of forming an episcopalian party iu Kna- 
land incnas**d, and in October (be queens 
court at Oatlnnds wod the raliying-|Kjlnt of 
such of llie lonls a^ were discontented with 
the progress of puritanism. On i!."i Xov. .ihe 
JoIntKlinher husband's triumphal nTeplion at 
the Guildhall. She waf, however, very angry 
at the strong measures taken in parliament 
againjit the catliolics, and did her be«t 1o 
urge the king to a eomph'te breach with his 



it been accepte*! by parliament, would have 

Siren Charles a military force entirely at his 
Ispo^al. 8be herself played her part vigor- 
ously. Before the middle of June it T\*a» 
known in Kngland that she bad been Belling 
or pawning jewels at Amsterdam, and had 
purchased large .■•tores of muniiious of war 
for the king's service. Before long a vesiwl 
was deHjutched to the Humber with the first 
^Consignment. 
rtft^After the beginning of the civil war the 
queen's operations wen* still more vigorous, 
hut it was ilillicult for her to ki'ep her plans 
secret, and on 'JH Nov. parliamr*nt Itamt 
from au intercepted letter that the Prince of 
Orange had advanced her money, and thftt 
the had either sent, or hod ready to send, no 
legs tlian 1,:K>0,000/. for her husband's ser- 
vice. Il further leumt that tihe was to land 
in person on (he east coast with an armed 
force. She actually set sail on '2 Feb. )(U3 
with a large sum of money, nx-koned, pro- 
bably with exaggeration, at 2,tKK),(X)((/. She 
waif overtaken by a violent storm, but main- 
tained her high courage. * Comfort your- 
selve-»,' she {taid to the frightened ladies; 
' queens of Enghind are never drowned.' 
-She was driven back to tbe Dutch coast, but 

fiut out again, and landed a). Bridlington 
Juay on the :i2nd. Tbough she brought no 
opponentij. In the early part of January ' (n>ops with her, her vesselB were loaded with 
1642 she believed, trulv or fal.iely, that the warlike .»toretf; and early in the morning of 
purlianieiitar}' leaders intended to impeach the *3rd a parliunientar)' squadmn, under 



lifr(*iiu8tinirtn t*i tbe Doge, 7^17 Jan.; l'enr- 
tiitH TrauM'ript* in Record OlHoe ; Heenvliet 
to the Prince of Orange, 7-17 Jan. ; Okoen 
VAN Pm.\"8Ti;iii:K, -'nd ser. iii. -107). It was 
by her and Digby that Charles was urged to 
make his iinrortunale attempt on the live 
il i« pn 
•y (if tlif 
[see Hat, Iatt] led I'l it8 failure. AVhen 
on 10 Jan. Charles left AVhiti-halljIie was ac- 
companied by the queen, and wbmi on Ut Feb. 
he gave his consent at Canterbury to the 
Bishops' Kxclusion Bill, be did so on her re- 
commendiiiion. A« a catholic nhe hail no in- 
terest in supporting the bisbopsof what ehert- 
garded a.** nn heretical church. (Jn I'S Feb. she 
«aile<l from Dover, carrying with her a great 
|)urt of the crown jewels. She hnp-d not 
merely to raise money by pawning them, but 
to obtain anni.il 6up|Kjrt from Denmark and 



Captain Batten, attempted to destroy them. 
The shot flew into the houses of t6e port, 
and the queen, fipringing from her bed, fled 
for safety, but retume^l In gave her Updog. 
Finally she took n-fugr with lier ladieJi in a 
dit«b, while the shot flew aver her head 

ineml>er8, anri il is probable that her lll-ad- {ytemoirex df Mine, df M'^ttrrilU', '\. L'lUl. 

viseil discovery uf tlif plan to Lady Carli!*le On ifarch she set out for York, the hi>ai1- 

quurters of the royalists in the north. Here 
Mio was visited by Montrose and Hamilton, 
each anxious to win her sunport for their 
respective policies iu Scotlana [seeCiBAliAil, 
Jauiis, finit MjhBuris op Mostbwe, wid 

IlAJin.T0X,JAMDS,tirstDtrKKOFHAMILTO.X]. 

Whatever may Imve been her pergonal predi- 
lections, she was bound by her husband's 
orders, and rejtTttwl the warldte pleadings of 
MontroM!. Oil 23 May she wos impeached by 
the llouno of Commons. 
The threads of Charles's foreign policy ran 



the Prince of Ornnjire, as well as from other through tbe queen's hands, and on 37 May 

" she udvis«.'d bim to ahan<I<m Orkney and 
Shetland to the king of Denmark iu return 
for the a.s;«ialom-o of a Uct and army (the 
iiuern lo the kin^, 27 May, in ^lits. Orken, 
t^ttrri (^ Ilcnriefttt Aftina\ In England 
<Uf Willi nviT Sir llii^-h rhtdmlev imd the 



continental sovereigns, who would be ready, 
she fanei"!, Iu Fii.*tain tbe cause o( a fall- 
ing monnrrh. By her letters she urgt'd 
ihr king to srciure Uull, and it is pro- 
bnble timl it was on her advice that be 

Or red to head the armv preparing for the 

ITOIh xxt. 




^ 



Henrietta Maria 434 



lenrietta 



two Ilothiitnn, wLo, tbougb thej were in the 
service of (lie parliament, offered t« Uelroj 
to bvr liuU and Lincoln. 

On 10 Junu Ht^nrietta Munm arrired at 
Newark at the bcMid ofa smnll nrnir wfatch 
(>he wns candtiftiD^? to htr bu.«lnind. She 
linf^errd tbcn; in bopcs of tlie Jirim'TulHr of 
Hull and IJneoIrj. On tb<' 'Ji^tXi tbi- two 
liuthiinis w'en«aiTi>«tpd and thvlr dc»t^ waj 
fnistrultnl. On 3 July 'her »he-mttjc6tr 
p-UHralis&ima, and extre mi-ly diUgeut with 
ir»0 wiip^nns to goTeni in ctise of bnttlc*/ n.t 
bUc descriU'd hcrt^'lf, finding tbAt lti>r plan 
of surprising Lincoln bad uleo failed, set oat 
for Oxford. She was met by liujvrt on the 
4th at Stratford-on-Avon, wliere she wftfl the 

ff«^^l uf SbakespfaK'V ilauphti-r [tpc under 
4.LL, JoiW, I57.>-10;i5]. On the l:Ub she I 
met her husband ut Kdgehill. lU-r first re- j 
quest woR tluit he would raise Jemiyn to the , 
peeraf^e. If the ^cantJaU alloat bad had any 
Inundation, it is liardly likely that ^he would 
bflvt; called attention to them in this way, 
and Mill loss likely that eUo would have 
Bluved night and day »« fthe did in the ser- 
vice of a bushnnd to whum, if rumour vraf, 
to be credited, «he had bei-n unfaithful. On 
14 July the united nair rode into Oxford. 

Well-intentioned as the (jURcn was, she 
hod too littlo knowledgt- of England to render 
her advice otbnr than harmful to her lius- 
Itand. Shi! WOK all for foreign alliances and 
for bringing inlo the country armies from 
Irtdnnd and the continent. Shu' i» faid to 
have been vehement Iv op[K*i*ed to the siege of 
Gbmccster, and in thi« cnM> the event baa 
been held to justify her advice. She was cer- 
tainly most impruflent in trcatinc" with rude- 
nuM liie peera jBedford, }Ioll&ud, and Clare, 
who deaorted parliament nnd sought to make 
their poftco with the king. It was n lime 
when CharWs cause Heemed likely to be 
triumplmnt. Later in the year his HtrengtU 
declined, and the plans for foreign assistanee 
again assumed pniminence. In iho begin- 
ning of VM4 the qtieen fovuured a imiposMni 
xnnrriage htftwwu the Prince of ^\ ales and 
a daughter of the Prince of Orange, which, 
as she hoped, would lead to a Dutch inler- 
Tenlion in the king's fovour (Junnvn to 
lleenvliet, 12'2'2 Feb., in Gkqen van I*KtNs- 
TKBtn, 'Jm\ aer. iv. 98). Before long the popi- 
lion ai Oxfonl appeared so insecure, that it 
waa reaoived that Henrietta Maria xbould 
•eok a •afe'refiige when the king left for the 
compaign, and on April 17 she actually set 
out for I'^xeter. where she gave hirlb lo her 
yoiingx^iit child Henrietta. Hit health sul- 
fored, nnd frightened at the nnproiicli of the 
nrmy of Ksscx, who refused tier a aafe-con- 
duct to Bath, she made hor way to Falmouth 



harbour, whtfuce on 14 July she aikd iar 
France, A porliamenuini' reaad find mto 
the <>ne in which abe was, but on the 19th 
ahe landiMt unbanned at Brrat. 

The bad state of the queen'a health nuds 
it necesaarr for her lo viut the hatha nf 
Konrbf)n. f ler^ ^Iie waf att«^ndpd by Madame 
de Motteville, sent to her by the qmws I^- 
gent,and was visited by her ' " *' -''i-fnm. 
When (ihe w ft*i yiitfK-ieutly n ^-lu 

e.«tablLitbed U'fore the end o; St. 

Gcrmflius, andri-ceivedfnum ' 
opcnsionoftwelve thousand ;li 

Her first object, however, ■^^ r 

husband, und sbe stripped L> - r- 

moining jewels and of the equipofc-'- ' -■ 
ing her rank iu order to carry out i i- | . 
Something, too, wa« gained by the tAle uf 
tin forwarded from the Comi^b roin***. "Sat 
didtihfidraist from puohing \ -leal 

achcmeaof the some kind as T baii 

no oAen failed befon% and t^ht' uv.l w-i iitvvt 
long at St. Germain? befnre she ga^e hir 
confidcuctttoajcsnitname*! ' t'liarlegnn.whoj 
had come as on ogent of the Irish confedei*t«i| 
catholic-s to nrge Mozarin to »iippnrt them. 
The queen was for some time hripeful of ob- 
taining larg« sum? from Ma/ariu, with thi> 
belpofwliiehun Iriahanny might be launched 
agniiiM England, but Maxarin had no montfr 
lo apply to such purpow*. 

Afiulherschenie which occupied Hcnriet 
Mariu in the chiding weeks of 1644 and in 
the beginning of 1645 was the gninin 
of the liuke of ]»rraine, who at lost 
milled to bring ten thousand mfn to(1iar]e>!)'l 
aid. At the tiame time she pushed on tli) 
negolialiun fnr her son's marringL* with tb 
daughter of the Prince of Orange, the con 
sideratlou for which was to be ibc loan 
shii>8 to transfer the duke's army into Kn^ 
lanfl. Uclbrcthe end of .Vpril, however, tfc 
Hutch refuBed to allow the duke to 
through their lerritorv, and, ns the l*'penc 
would not allow him*to go throngh tbeir 
the prospect of receiving lielp fn<m hire ba 
to be nbnndnnnd. In Moy H145 Hinucciii 
nrriveil in Paris on hiii wa^* to Imlandi 
papal nuncio, but the queen would huvulitt 
to do with liiin, und preferred to aend Sb 
Kenelm L>igbv to Kome in June to neg 
tinte indepenaently with Pope Innocent 
for pecuniary aid to the Irish catholics. 

A groat part cl least of thof *(Vn.'t ne 
gotiatioiis wiis jmblished when copies 
(lliarleaV letters to bis wife fell into ifc 
hands of purlinment after Nowby, but He 
rietlu Maria did not lose confidrmw. In Ofl 
toher lIMo she listened to Sir Rolx-rt Morni 
who had eonie to Paris loplan an allianc 
Iwlweeu Churles and the Scots on the ' 



Henrietta Maria 43s Henrietta Maria 



DHL 

I t bi; 






of I Ive Hccei»tan(:o of preabTUiriAiiiBm by ihe 
king, but filie si ill looKfd forn-ard too nopt?- 
fuUy in tbf! help of the contineatal prott»»- 
tant's to attftt'b much weigbt W these over- 
tures, to tlie chief of which she was compelleU 
to give n rt'Iuctant consent. When in De- 
cember Charlefli waa plunning' one lost dea- 
nenite campaign, it was on the lundiug of a 
French force supported by tnoney forwarded 
at the qiieen'd entreaty, by French clergy, 
that bo mainly relied. 

ICnrly in 164)5 the rjiieen, discovering that 
there was little cbanee of her getting much 
aasistfinee from Rome, turned to the Scot- 
lidh alliance. After the Icing placed him- 
self in the handfi of the Scots and was re- 
moved to Newcastle, her ellbrts in jwrxunde 
her husband to give up hi* scruple-s about 
abandoning epifcopacy were unceasing. Id 
Jun« 164(1 tiheohlainediMjfifiessionof the per- 
son of herehloBt son, who waf>, much agninst 
the will of Hyde and the other eupporters 
of ft purely Lnglish policy, reraovt'd from 
JerjM^y by Imr orders, confirmed by those of 
his father. In July, when BelU^vre was going 
on a mission from the French government to 
Charles, the queen sent to him a memoir for 
his guidance, which had Iwon drawn up by 
LHgby, and which waa Uvy fantiuflic tt> be 
CKoned tin a pmcticnl wcheme. A little 

KT she ur^'ed Cluirles to agree with the 

ts on the ba^tis of presbyterinnism with- 
out the covenant. Ilor own letters during 
bis year have for the most part l^een lost, 
it her opinions can be gathered from the 

ipatches nf ber ministera, and one charac- 
toriatic letter written by her on 9 Oct. ha^ 
been preserved. * If you are lost,' she wrote 
to CharleB, ' the bi^hofw have no reitource ; 
but if you ran again place yourself at the 
head of HQ army we can n?»Iore them to their 
oefiB. . . .Preserve the militia and never aban- 
don it. By that all will come back to you. 
God will send yn« means to your restoration, 
and of thifi there in already some little hope' 
(the queen to the hing, 9 Oct. Ifl-KS, in f7«- 
'rm State Pap^ra, ii. 271). She was in 

i once more looking to Matarin for aid, 

iuktug that the war between Fmnoe and 

S])ain would soon draw to o close, and that 

bo would then be free to help her. 1 1 is hardly 

be doubtt^d that she wu« ready to purchaBO 

X help by surrendering the Channtd Islands 
o France. 

In the course of 1646 Ilenrietta Maris ro- 
cowreil ber youngest daughter, Ileurietta, 
who wa.i brought from Fnghmd by hady 
"orton in the dingnine ofa Ix'ggar. INt joy 

not cause hiT to forget lieraiixlcly for her 
labond. Money was bulbre all Ihingtt need- 
ful if the queen's many echemea were to 



come To Bnythiug,aDd one of her first objects 
now wa.»» to obtain a rich w'ifo for her aon. 
The Dutch marriage treaty having broken 
down, she urged the young Charles, a boy of 
fifteen, to make love to ' J^a Grnndc Modo- 
mot»elIe,' the daughter and hi-iress of her 
brother Gaston. The lady wiw too old to 
care for such yauthful courtship, and this 
plan, like eo many others of the queen's, 
came to nothing. In the course of 1&47 
she sent Sir Kenelni Digby liack \o Rome 
[see Dioar.SlRKii.vLLSij. andsheeraploved 
an agent, Winter Grant, in Indand iCarU 
AtS.S.), in both ca$es in the hop*? of (ditain- 
ing Iritib assidtaniK for Charles. In 1G4>^Hhe 
took an active port IkiiIi in the negotiations 
which led to that combination between the 
IriahcathoUcsand the n)yalifttR,whioh brought 
down on them the sword of Cromwell in the 
following year, and in those which led to 
the Prince of Wales placing himself at the 
bead of the fleet which revolted &om the par- 
liament, and which would, if his plans Dad 
not been cut short by Uamilton's defeat at 
I^reston, have l«?d to his transferring himself 
to the camp of the Scots. She was in corre- 
(Ojondence with her seconH son, James, in 
Kngland, urging him to effect bis escape, and 
bad the satisfaction of learning that it was 
successfully accomplished. 

In the pummer of 1048, when the t roubles 
of the Fronde weri* becoming serions, Hen- 
rietta Maria removtid to the Louvre. The 
P'rench court had enough to do to t-akc core 
of itself, »nd about 2\-S\ Dec. Cardinal de 
Uetz found the queen of England in a state 
vending nn destitution, taking care of her 
little nenrictta, whom she kept in bed for 
want of means to light a fire ([)e EiEiT, M6- 
mtM're/>, ed. CbampoUion-Figeac, i. ;ifl9; Miss 
Strickland, who tells the story from De 
Retr, gives a wrong dale). Had news from 
Kngland, howcvr'r, occupied the queen more 
than ber own f<ufrering, and on ^7llec.-fiJaa. 
she wrote to the French ambo&sador iu lihjg- 
land, asking biui to apply for poraports to en- 
able her to return (o plead for her husband'a 
life (the (|ueen to Oriffnori, 37 Dec.-6 Jon. 
1649, in STRiCKTjiyn, Liirs t^ the Queent ^f 
Englan>ij viii. 145). On 8-18 Feb, she re- 
ccivc<l the news of his execution. 

With her husband's death Henrietta 
Maria's political career came practically to 
an end. The troubles of the Frpnde were at 
their height, and for some little time she re- 
tired into a Carmelite nunnery in the Fau- 
bourg St. Jn«(uefl. In the course of the 
summer of 164U. after she had left her retreat, 
she received a visit from her eldest son, now 
known by liis supnorters as Charles II. When 
in 1650 ^0 slartea on his expedition to Scot- 

pr2 



Henrietta Maria 



436 



lenry 



land, sliu iliil Iter ul,nio?«l to detAtn him, fenr- 
in^ for him tlie fate wli'icli liml bcfalleii liis 
futlicr. Afler ki^ return, in i-nnHe<iueuc8 of 
bis defeat nt Worcester iu IGol, she again 
vainly urged liis suit to * La Untnde Ktado- 
moiftoUo/ frhose vt^th wilh morr^ tUon ever 
desirable in the tttraironcd circumstanccft of 
Uie English, roy&l fumily. 

TheoUnk It^ft in lUi^ qiiLitii's lifo by the 
ceesation of ftotitical net ion was in some mea- 
sure tillwl iqi by nnxipiy for the spiritual 
welfare wf Uer cliiUlren, Neither Carles nor 
Jumi'ft coulil hf won lo their mnther^ehurch. 
but th'' little Henri'-tlft wiiBwlueated bv lier 
as a Uoman oiitholic. On 17 .lun. 16r><j tli»^ 
Kufi;lish council of state gave leave ( Proretd- 
ingaof thf Council nf iStntfj Record Uffico) to 
her youngest stm, the I>ulio of Gloucester, lo 
go abroad, and in 1(154 she stn'nuously sot 
to work to convert him. But shi* was forced 
by the orders of L'barles II to allow him to 
l«)8Ve Frano' and to place himself under the 
proleclion of his i-Iaest brother [see more 
fully under Ih;xuy, IJitkk ov OroiNrarKa]. 
8uc1i prtit-'eedin^fl uaturally completed the 
jiUenatiou which bad long been growing uphe- 
iweon her and tlie thoroughlv Knirlibh eoim- 
eellorsnf beriion, such as llydo and Nicholas. 

In lO-i'i Henrietta Marin, baving failed to 
convert her elder children, threw herself into 
malrimonial projeclson belmlf of her daugh- 
ter Henriutta, wlmnt she wished to marry to 
Louis XIV, luougli tbe youug king bad no 
fancy for lier. She was engaged, however, 
in 1(>G0 to I>iuiH*s brother Pbiliu, duke uf 
fh-leans [see under I lijxnr ETTA or ITkneietta 
A-VXE]. After the Restoration Ilonrietla 
Maria returned to Knpland in October 1(300, 
partly to try to get a portion for her daugh- 
ter, and partly beoatL^e idio was vehemently 
desirous of bn'akitig nlF a uiarriagf- which had 
been secretly contriirted belwt^'n her wectmd 
son, the Duke of York, and Anne IJydefq.v.] 
In tbe first object »\w was succees^l, but in 
the second she bud to give way. She her- 
self livfKi in state at homcnet llnusc on 
60,(300/. a year, half of which had bewn 
granted by parliument, and half by the kinff. 
Koman catholic service was again performed 
in her chapel. 

In Jflnu»r>' ItlSl Henrietta Maria set oat 
forFranre, taking with her the I'rinct'ss Hen- 
rietta, who wiw raarrii-d on *\\ March to the 
Duke of Orleans. On 28 July ItKiJ the ipieen 
returned to Englnnd, taking up ber abode at 
Greenwich till the was able to move into 
Somerset Houpe, which had been undergoing 
certain alterations. WTmn the altfnitions 
werecomplotcKl, she established herself iu her 
own residence, but she did not find herself at 
ease in England. She began to complain of 



the climate, and it it. probable that she I 
uncomfortable amidst a generation in : 
her own sorrow.-^ awoke but little sy 
At all events, on 2-1 Jaua lCU5,ahe 1 ^ _ 
Londou,and never returned to England, 
hftolth was failing, and she retired to 
chateau at Colombea, near Paris. Then, { 
the morning of il Jll Aug. 16ti(>,she took( 
opiate by the order of ber physiciana, 1 
woke again, ^^he was buried (I^St'pt.l 
church of St. Denis, near Paris, in th*; 
ing-place of the kings of rmnce. Ilerl 
sennon was preached by IJossuet. Theitlt^ 
inent that sue had Ifeen married to Jerayn 
after her husband's cK-alh duets nut appear t 
rest ou sufHcient evidence. 

Vandvck painted many portraits of He 
rietta ^laria during her husband's lifetio 
and a verj' great number of them are 
tered over England. One of these now I 
longs to the DuKeofNortbumbcrlund.anotl 
(repainted by i^ir Joshua Keynolde) to 
Karl nf Aahbumharo, a third to the Eari ( 
Denbigh, and a fourth (with Charles 1) 
the Duke of iSutherland. A ptirtrait 
Claude LeFevre (in the possession of A If n 
Morrison, esq.) represents her in her old 1 

[The main nuthoritiia for UeDrietta ^ 
Life in Kngtand an* nutii.'cj lu routempotaiT ] 
tors utiiuiii; the Kiiglitb .^tate Pa|)era aod id I 
dt«patohea of foreign ambasjQidow, ecipecially ia 
t})»«« of Panzuui, Coau, uod Kusst^tti, tha | 
a^'entjt, transcript* of which are prcserrt 
Brittsb Museum or the Public Record I 
Kf-furcDCi-ji Il> Ihctnoraiinportani of tb««Bl 
found in lliBnoti** toQafiimer'dHiat.of 1 
^.i03-^2. and UisJ. of thu Oreat Cit 
ItUtiy iutert-stiag pArlicnlais amy Iw pitha 
from ihn Meinoirttof Father CyprieodeOa 
(of vhioh a tranflntion vaa p^b)i^hed ia 
Court and TimeM of Charlua I, 18-lX), And fn 
th« Momoirs nf Miid^moisclle de Monipeo 
and Mildanie dv MuUcvillu. See alw Kr«Bu4 
Funemt Sttnnon, uiid tbo nole» on wb 
StfrmuD was fonnded. faraiahed by H« 

Muttovillc. nod published by M. Hane 

the Misfullany of thn Camden Society, vol. ^ 
There arc b1m> Mcnioi rs of lIt>m*ieUa Matul, 1 0| 
and a modem bIoi!;n»phy of her in th** e'in:!i( 
volume of Miits Strickland's Lives <>f the Que 
of FjiKbind.] S. R. O.J 

HENRY I (10(18-1136), king, fourthi , 
of William the Conqueror and Matihbi, wd 
born, it is said, at hclby in Yorkshire ( J/^ 
itastiajH, iii. 4Ji(fi ; Fri:i:uax, Gorman it 
attntf, iv. '2i\\, 701), in the latter half , 
I(Xi**, his mother having been cr>5wned qutt! 
on the previoiLH Whitaunday (OKrLiuc. 
Gl(l), As the ffon of a crowned king 
queen of England he was rt-garded by _ 
English as nnlurully qnalitied to becou 
their kingj be waa an English lothuUug, aa 



Henry 



Henry I 



id spoken of w ' cHto,' which wu ttsed ax no 
eqnivitlent titl« {ib. p. 689; Hrrrin Hftatioj 
p. It ; pomp. GfAtn Rtujumj v. ;ifl<)). Hu w(u* 
DniU|:iht. up ill Eiig^lfiiid (Omt. William of 
JrviknGB.viii. 10), arid received an uauaually 
cvkhI cducfttion, of which he took advantafce, 
for he wns studious aud did not in after life 
fore^I what he had learnt (Okueric, p.6ft5; 
Grata Riyiim, u. i*.) Tht? idea that he iinder- 
bI'XkI Kreek und trnnslnted ' -tisop'a Fables' 
into Kngli.sb \s founded solely on a line in 
tht> ' Ysopet ' of Marie de Kmiic*?, who lived 
in Kn^Und in the reign of llenrv III, hut it 
is extremely nnhkely, and ihi-re is so much 
unctTtainly as to what Marie n-jilly wrote or 
iiD'ant lu the passiage in question that it is 
U5t?l>-(s9 to build any iheorv upon it {Potjtwi 
de Mane df Fiftnce, par \\. de IJoquefort, i. 
33—14, ii. 401 ; l>r. l-'ret-mon seems to think 
that the idea i(« fairly tenable, Xortnan C*m- 
quftt, iv. 2l*rt, 7fl2-4). It it* cerloin thai he 
understood Latin (Ordi^kic, p. hIJ). and 
oould speak Kuf;Uflli ea.«>ily ( William Jiu/iutj 
i. prof. viii). At least &» early art the ibir- 
lecntb century he wa.s called * elnrk,' tlw 
origin of the nanu;Heaucli'rc(\VTKi:», iv. 11 ; 
AiirtH/tn OmijurMf^ iv. 702). While he waa 
with his father at Lai^le in Normandy, in 
^E>77, when the Conqueror was on bad terms 
iHh his eldest son liobert, he and hiB bro- 
iler, A>'illiam Knfup. went acnws in Kobert's 
gingH in the coatle, played dice with their 
llowers in an upper room, made a ereat 
nw, and tlire\\' water on Robert and hin 
Ben who were below. Hobert run up with 
Al boric and Ivo of ( iraiitmt^-flnil to aveupe 
the insult, a disturbance followwl, and the 
l'<in<ju**ror had to interfere to mnkt* peare 
(ORHtKIc, p. 545). Ilia mother nt her death 
in ItiKi h'fi Honryheir of all her p<isse«sious 
in Knpland, hut it is evident that he did not 
receive anvlhing until his father's death {ih. 

E. 5I(t|. t'he n-'Xt year, when his fiitherand ' 
ml hers were in N<irnmiidy, lu- x^fent l\a*Ler 
by his father's order at the m<iiiaj*tery of 
Abin[rdon. the cxpeuseH of the festival being 
borne by Itobcrt of t >il y ( Vhmn. dc A hmgdun. 
ii. 12), A I the Whitsuntide as^emhly of 
lOfttt hid father dublu'd him knight at W est- 
miuHter, and he was armed by Anhlji*hop 
Lanfranc. He was with Ida father when the 
Contjuer<ir lay dyin^r the ne^l yearat Kniien, 
and, on hearing hifi father's euinmandf^ and 
wishes about his domini<^in» and po,«sfi«!ion«. 
■fiki'<! whai ihtHT' wa« for him. • I give the<_' 
ftjfUOii/./ w(L4 the answer. 'Hut what,' he 
Mid, 'can I do with the money if 1 have no 
place to live in '■' * The Coni|ueror bade him 
he patient and wait his turn, for the time 
would come when he should bo richer and 
greater thon bis brothers. Tin- money thus 



left had bean his mother's, and he went olT 
at OQCO to secure the trcoouru. He retunicd 
for his father'tt funeral at Caen. 

Kobert of Normandy, who waa in wont of 
money, asked Hen^for somuof bis treaaiire; 
Henry refused, ond the duke then offered to 
aell or pledge him some port of his domi- 
uioui^. Tie iicconlingly bought the Avran- 
chtn and the fulentin, along with Mont St. 
Michel, for ;^,^M)^j/,, und ruled his new terri- 
tory well and vigorously (Orderic, p. 606). 
In 10*8^ he went over to England, and re- 
que.«tcdHufu9to hand over to him hitswother's 
lands. Uufus received him ctoimousIv, and 
granted him seisin of tJie lands, but wfien ho 
left the eountrr granted them to another. 
Henry returned to Normandy in the autumn 
in the company of Kobert of IJelleme, and 
the duke, acting on the advice of Ium uncle. 
Bishop (Klo, seized htm and liliut him up in 
prison at Uayeux, where he remained for six 
months, for (>do made the duke believe that 
Henry was plotting with Uufuii to injure him 
iih. p. <A'l\). In the Rpriiip of the fuHnwing 
year the duke released him at the ft'oueat of 
the Norman nobles, and he went Imck to hia 
county, which Kobert seems to have occu- 
pied during bi^ imprisonment, at enmity with 
both his brothers. He employed himself in 
strenirtlii'ning thedefence.'i of liis towns, and 
attached a number of IiIh iiuhles In himself, 
among whom wen-Hngli of Cli ester, I lie lord 
of Avronches, Richard of lledvers, and the 
lords of the Ccitenliu gimerally. When tho 
citizens of Itouen revolted aeain.'^t their duke 
in favour of Kul'us iii November IfHKJ, lUnry 
came to liobert *.H help, not ft) much pndwbly 
for Ilobert's sake, a^ 1mx*hu«l* he wa^ indignant 
at seeing a city rise ogaiust iu I'ir(l< W'iUiam 
JitffuA, i. 24t*>. He joined Hnbert in the 
easile, and headed the iiohle^ who giiihered 
to supprenw the movement. Thu rebellious 
parry among the citizens was rouiiHl. und 
t'oriati, its leader, was taken prisoner, Henry 
made hiui come with him to the ton of tho 
tower, and in bitter mockery Wde him look 
nut aud see bow fair a land it was which be 
had striven In subject lohim^elf. Cononcon- 
fetiw-il his disloyalty ond prayed for mercy; 
all his treasure should be gi%en for bis life. 
Henry badn him prepare for 'speedy death.' 
Conan pleoderl for a confejs.-or. Jlenrr'a 
anger was rnu.'w*d, and with both hands lie 
piishiH) Conan through the window, go he 
tell fnmi the tnwer and jteri>^heil (Okplkic, 
p. •«*(): fif'tn Jieffuui, V. ;ttt2). In the early 
|>art of the next year Knitert iin<l W illiam 
made peac<% and agnvd that < 'herbcurg aud 
Mont St. Michel, which iMitli litrlonged to 
Henr}\ should posa tit the English kitig, and 
ibe reat of hia douinionfl to the Norman 



Henry I 



438 



Henry I 



duke. Up to thia time HnnrT tmd been 
enftblod to ke^ip his posirloa mainly by the 
mutuftl animositty of William and Robert. 
Now both his brothers attacked him at ooce. 
lie no longer hiild thp hnlance between them 
in Normandy, and the lordft of hin partv fell 
awiivfriim him, Ht shut him^lf iijiin Slant 
St. Michel, and held it against hi.s bn^lhert*, 
who laid aif^ to it about the middlu of l^nt, 
each occuimnp' a position on oithi-r aide of 
thn bav- The besieged garrii-on engajfi'd in 
sovnral slcirraiahcs on the mainland (Flok. 
"VV'oRC.) l*heir water -waa exhausted, and 
Henry sent to the duke represent in? his ne- 
cessity, and bidding him decide their«iiiarrel j 
by amis and nvx by keeping him from wat er. 
Itobert allowed tlie U'^icgi'd to have water. 
After fifteen days Henty offered tosurrender 
i( hp and hifl men might marcli out freely. 
lie was accordingly allowed to evacu&te t&e 
place honourably (Okpeiuc, p. 0D7 ). 

Tho aurrcudcr of Mont St. Michol left 
HenrT londleea and friendle^ft. and for some 
montlis be wandered about, taking shelter 
tint in iirittADy and then in the ^'exm. In 
August he ncrompanied his two brothers tx> 
Kngland, and iiiinnrfiilly joined in the expt*- 
ditton agninsr Mnlcolm of Wcntland (Oe*ta 
Iteyiim, \v. -II ; Hiitlnria T>unHm. Scriptoreit 
Trm, It. xxit; fi'it/t'am Itufuf, \\. .VtTi-S). 
Thou he probably resuint'd hi.f wandering 
life, travelling about atlendinl only by a clerk, 
a Unight, and three armed followers. Ap- 
parently at the end of Ul^i* he receive*! a 
moMagi' from the men of Domfront inviting 
him to become thf'ir lord. He wo-s received 
at D<jmfront by An-hard, the chiff mnn of 
the town, who hud instigated his fellow- 
townMHf'n to revolt ngainst Kobert of liol- 
li'me, their former lord. Henry promtstNl 
that he wnulil never give up the town to 
any other hird, and would nevi'r ehaTipc its 
laws and cusloma (OnrEwr. pp. t>l>H, 78f*). 
l>omfront, situated on the \arenne, do- 
minated part of the Ixirder of Normandy 
towards Mnine; lies not far to the east of 
Henry's old coiiiitVi and was n place of great 
strength (for gcogrnphical description see 
H'iUtnm Jfitftig, u SU>). The interestfi of 
Henry and Uufus were now one: both alike 
desired to win all the parls of Normandy 
they could from tho duke. Henry from his 
new fortress carried on eonstinit war against 
the duke and Koliert of Helleme ; b<!ff>re long 
he regained a largi^ part of his old territory 
in the west (I'i. p. 3'2\ ), and in doing so cer- 
tainly acteil wnth the goodwill of Kufus, 
though there appear to have been some 
hostilities Imtwcrn lliem (Orukkk", p. 7f>0; 
too much weight mu.'<r not be given (o thi^ 
pftasage; in the first place it in rather vague 



and miy apply to an earlier period, and in 
the second a war lucU oa that which Henry 
waa carrying on, conntting of attaeka do 
single towns and coitles, was certain to lead 
to quarrels with others besides thoae umne- 
diately concerned). Some places in his old 
county yielded to him out of affection, for, 1 
a« the people of Domfront had di^reniw), ^ 
ho waj" a good lord, others he took by fnrca 
of arms, and his old friends and followen 
again joined him. In 10114 ht< rc>cetv»l si) 
invitation from Kufus, who whs thi-n carry- 
ing on open war againict llolwrt in Nor- 
mandy, to meet him -with Hugh of Chester 
ot En, and because tho duchy was in too 
dislurU'd a mate forthem to piis.« through it 
ffifely, Hufufl sent idiijw to bring them {A.-S. 
C/iniH. jtub an.) They ttailed, howe^ei-, to 
Southampton, and waited at London for U» 
king, who met them there shortly after Chriit- 
mas. Henry staved with Itufus until Le&t» 
and then n^nmwl to Normandy with a lar^ 
supply of money, and carried on wTir againrt 
Robert with constant euecesa (i"6. an. lOOftX 
M'hen Normandy passed into the poaaesntm 
of Uufus in 1090, Henry joined him and re- 
mained with him, receiving from him th» 
Counti<>s of Coutances nn<l Hityenx, with tlw 
exception of the citvof Fiayfiixand the town 
of I'aen, and having further ct)nunitted to 
his chftrp> the ca.-^Ile of Oisors, which Uufn» 
built on the froiitieT against France ^tW^ 
"WiLUAM or JuMifcoEs, viii. 7). 

On ;; Aug. IIOU Henry wus hunting to 
tho New Forest, when men came huateninip 
to him one afier another telling him of ihtf 
death of Itufus. According tojiojtiilur belief 
he hud shortly before gone into a hut t'l 
mend his Iniwetring, and an nid woman 
had di'clarwl that she had b-iiml hv nugnry 
that he would noon bi«eom»* king. When hi 
heard of Iuh lirfilher'a dentil, it is Mid that 
he grievwl mnch, and w»'nt to wlier»? his 
body lay(\VACE,U, I0H)5-,'J^). In reality ho 
spurred at once to Winchester, where the 
royal trrnjiure! was kept, and demanded the 
keys of the treaRiir\' frttra the p-wn-.U iOh- 
DERIC, p. 7^2). William of Pre' ■ 
I lo deliver them, declwring that, 
I was his father's first-boni, be was the right- 
1 fid heir. The dispute waxod hot, and men 
came running to the s]»ot,nnd took theciunt'* 
part (Pr. FreemnnV assumption that these 
men were Kngli.throon as opiKi^ed to Nor- 
mans seems unwummtedy. Henry clapped 
; his hand on his sword, drew it, and declanwl 
I that no one should stand l>etwe«n him and his 
father's sceptre. Frien'ls and nohL -' - 1 
round him, and the treiiftur}' wii 
over to liim. The next day such ol ) i.< .. ..»u 
' a.^wereat hand met in council, and after some 



Henr\- I 4,v^ llcmv 1 

to the influence of Ilenrv l^MumiMit. carl Okimki«". j'j» TS:*. ^S.^ 
of AVarwiirk ^Gtsta Ii<=-r.."i. v. ;%*;l\ As llonrv \\,t* \)\n\\ tw.» wi Ik-. :t, ,\".-...>i> 
liinp-elect hebestoTTtfd tlie.^tvof Winohostcr. Ho wiis of nu.UMi' Ii,m.-.!>(. I'inm,! .lu-n.-.K 
which Rufus had kept vacant Mn(V Janiiarv >ir.ini;. si»mi!N ImuU, rni.l m Ins l:t(.i \,\\t 
109t?, on William liitVarJ 'q. v."': ln' then ilivi.l»'tll\ Ui ^iMiPria.-. |» ^>»'M Hn It.m 
iwle to London, and was ornwoed nt NVcsi- wjisMjiA mxA \;\\ x\iwUl\ (il>.n.' tm (.'i.>Iii ij, 
minster on Snudar, ."> Auj:.. by Mauriri', and his i'\os lituj n i-nliu nu.l i.'H tn >!, On 
bishop of I^ndon, for ArL'hlu^hop Anst-tin tilling; ort'it-iitiit hin inllt n.-i-j ninilihil. mtd 
[q.v.jwasthenin exile. Th>tH»nii,ar('h1)islioii no press of l»noini"-» vi'ltlti'd hint i»( hi- 1 li.-. i 
of York, hastened fromtluMiorlli to piTl'orm ; fulness, riirnii; litlh» h hni hi' tiio lU di.iul,. 
the ceremony, but came too late. AVheu h»' hr wat ti'inpcifili', mi'l lilmiH'd .'mi'^i tii 
complained of this as an infriiip'mcnl of his nllnTs {tit-xffi litynm, \ H'l lli' wn-, 
right, the king and the bishops told him Mnil ^ huxvcviT, i'\ri'i'ilnii;l\ In tiniiim:. luul \\n» 
it was necessary to hasten the cnmuat ion inr , thi' f(illnTt»f h hu-^jn iiiiiiilti<i <■( intiiMui >\u\ 
the sake of the peace of the kingdom til in n i ih-iMi liy numy tiu:iln"iii"i. Ai Hin wm- iiiii.« 
THE Chaxtok, li. 1U7). At liis eoronation i li<< wn-* rri<<>l'i'iiiii IhiMilMiinintililiM n •< ti luiti 
he swore to give peace to the churcti mid ' lIufiH tind pnirlitii'd.aiMl, "kii'mkiI h: h<< tin-i, 
people, to do justice, and to estahli^h good ' liis aeci-nMiiiii win iil mn'i' |.illii«.-l U\ •* n- 

law. Onthesameday he]m!»li.-lii'd«fhai1t>r I T'lriM in Ihf hiihit i irl' Ih iii ii/< |i ■•'f\i 

in which, after declaring that lie had hi'i'ri ' Iiicoiiiinoii with nil hin Imnnf hi' mi" il init i| 
made king by the 'common concent of the | to hiiiil iti^;, mid nw oj' lua hml-i \> ho i|itiii 

barons,' he forbade the trvil cu-^lonin inlro- n*I!cd wiih hnn [nivi> him llic im lu ■ nf 

■duccd during the last reign. Tim rlnirrli i ' Vif-Ar-i'i-rl,' liiriiii--i ol hi-: hui- ol i-|..-.ipp|( 
was to !>e free, its oifices and n-vcmifM iifithiT di-i-r ( Wa* i:, I. lO-VH',), If, in Ih'- iiin'tp ■ of 
sold nor farmed, and the ft'iidal incidciilM of lii't \oiirh hi- m i|iiim'I iin (iIii<Imi;» (nii- t-n 
relief, marriage, and wanUhip wen- no hjiigi*r liooli-'.. Il»- form' d n I'AU • Imhi ol -mM (.1 u.iu 
to be abused bv the king as iii-lriiin»-iil'* of ni SVoi<d. lod:, v.li'-(< h' oCiiti n ai-l' d * '.'».•/»* 
oppression. Ashe did bvIiift'-nnnt-.-in-rliiif Itftjinn, v. I'tti, (li.-ii'v 01 ll'-i ii-'iirfn, 
so were tln;y to do bv tfieir t<fnanl',a pro-, i- tiji, 'd\\,'.Vifi}. II" ••.tm no »i tiv< , ii.'trr.it.-ci < 
sion which may !>•: said to hiiv h»-»-ri fourid'-d Itm;', wid wlii n m l'".m/l.tii'l « '.iij'.ir.'l / ri>'> "»l 
on thelawrif his fatli«-r ihn' all mi-rijof wluif iit*'ni),-. i.-.'m:^ 'lifri i« ni j,lii" -• .ri •!.» .■ .iM,* r», 
lord soever th'rv liel'l. ow<:d th*- king •■!!*'-;''- »"i'J '••u't.t\ \>i*i\A i.\ t!.« '.•.t.y',-,u,,*),, i '\. 1.- 
ance, a privi-:ori wj;'/l!v ron'rurv 10 t},*- u.ittti-: -.'iv .:<-l'J' fu •'. I.;..' -^-ti.' •■.■■'i, '.T 
feudal id«ra. Th»jC'i;ri;i:;'-"-v.i- 'o ^z"; r- ;'',r:.'.''J, '!;<: 11 •tu\i-i I.-. I,.' p.".,/r' ■-' ■■ 'i' ■ ■'■/ 
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".. -!«•*■ V'-» r .. ■ ■ '"■• ...■.' -..-■■ ■.-.--. ..-■ ■... .: -• -1. 



Henry I 



440 



Henry I 



470). Trade was benefited by hi8»elnra'-| 
lion of the coinngp, and th« severity witl» 
whii'h he ptiiii^hecl tho^e who tseued bad 
monfv or usinl fal:<e mt-adnred ; he u flaid lo 
havt> made the length of his own arm tin: 
standard of measuri' throughout the kingdi>ni 
{Greta Itmumf v. 411). The peace oo'l 
order which he cstahliahed were highly va- 
lued by the people, and the native chronicler, , 
though he makes many moans over his ex- < 
one he waa sure t<> be plotting ihul perxon'jB aetioDA, yet, writing after )x\b death, and 
destruction {De Co7itetnyfu Mundt'). He 1 lucking back in a time of disorder 10 the 
was cniel, and his cruelf iea proceeded from itlrong govemnifnt of the late rt'igu, aays of 



OF JrMiF.nEH, viii. 3'2), and seeiuB to have 
triiatedclergy of holy life with reflpect. Con- 
temporaries were much impressed by bis wi»- 
dom ; ho did not love war, and preferred 
lu guin hifi ends by craft. An unlnrgivlng 
enemy, he yta^ finia to be an e^iually Mead- 
&at friend. Hewa^,however,ttUchaTiiorougli 
di^embler thot no one could be aure of his 
favour; and Kobert lltoet [ti. v.], bishop of 
Lincoln, declared that when he pnitw-'d nny 



a cold-hi'art<-(l disregard of human sutfering. 
Policy rut her thiin fiM'ling guided liiKactioni*. 
Without bfing miserly, he wan avaricinuif, 
and the people sulfereil much from hia ei- 
nctions. which, though apparent h' not exor- 
bitant in amount, were levied with pitileefi 
'rcgulnrita-alike in times of scarcitv and 
'plenly. lllis justice was stem. I'nli'ke !iis 
lather, In? caiused thieves, robbens, nnd other 
malefactor* to be hanged, and bouietimes in- 
tlicted such Hweeplng punishments that the 
innocent must Iinve sullured along with the 



him : 'Good mmiJie^waSjjuidjcrcaLASCBjJicaa 
wa^ onHiir. No one Jurst misdo anotheria 1 
his time. Peace he made for nun and dettr. 
Whoso bare bia burden of gold and iilrcr 
no man durst &ay to him aught but good* 
( Anfffo-SfLwn CAron. sub an. llIJo; for 
Henry 'd character, both as a man and a« • 
king, see more at large in yvrmtrrt Cvvf/vtit, 
V. l&3-(tl, 839-io, where full n-fen^ncv* ore 
given; al*a> .STrnBs, Cun«tttuficnnt ilittory, 
voLi. sees. IIO-U')' 
'fin the first doys of his iwign Henry ini- 



guilty. Criminals were coii.'itantly blinded^ prisoned, in the Tower of London, Ronulf 



and mutilntt'il, though in his later yejirs hi 
oflensuhatituted hunvy fines for these punij^h- 
ments. Ho strictly enforced the forest laws; 
no one was allowed, except as a «>|iecial pri- 
vih'ge, to hunt on his own land or to di- 
minish the size of his woods; all d^g^ in the 
DeighbourhwHl nfa forest were maimed, and 
lit lie ditlerence was mude betwe>en the sUver 

yiif a deer aud of a man (Obderic, p. Hl.1; 
WitLUM OF NmvnrBQii, i. c. 3). On the 
whole, however, Henry's Iiarsh administra- 
tion of justice was good for the country; 
while it broucUt eufiering to the few. It 
gave pence and security lo the many. Uis 
des{K>tism was strung as well as stpra: no 
offender was tf«i p<twi'rful to be reachwl by 
the law. Private wLr he put <h.iwn jier- 
(implorily, antl jience and order weiv enforced 
everywhere, lie exalted the royal aulhority, 
aud kept the borons well under control, both 
by taking sharj) measures against those who 
offended him, and by choosing his couns^d- 
lon* and chief officers from a lower raiilc, 
raising up r nutnl>er nf new men, whom ho 
enriched and ennobli^il in order to make them 
a countcr|>oise to the power of the gre-at 



rlombunl ""ii. v.].bial»)p of Durham, the enl 
miuii'turof Hufns,and hecajito appoint abhotn 
to the abbeys which his-brother had kept 
vacant in order to i-njoy their r>'X'enue>- ns^ • 
met Anstdmot SHii->bury,onhiRreiiimtoKng- ' 
Innd about Mtc'hnt:-lmn.'«,and required himt<>i 
do homage n.4 his predecessor had done, and I 
receive buck from him the tem{>orulitios orl 
the see, which were thnu in the king's handi. 
Anselm re-fused, and Ilonrj', who could not 
afford to quarrel with hira, and woidd pro- i 
bahly in any case have been unwilling to do 1 
so, agreed to delay the i^yttcr. in order that ' 
the pope might be consulted whether bej 
coulci so far change his decrees as to bring r 
them into nccttrdance with the ancient cus- 
tom of the kingdom. Tii this dispute o^ to the 
qiie.-'lioii of investiture [for which M?e under^ 
A>'st:LU , Henry took his stand on the rights 
of his crown as hojided down by his prede- 
cessors, and on the undoubted u^agt-s of hi^ 
r«>alni. He made no new demand ; the in- 
novation was introduced by Anselm, who, in 
obedience to papal instructions, refused to4 
Bccejit the teniponiliries from Henrj"^ as hoi 
had ttceepled tht-m fnun Uut'us, and as fonnerJ 
liouacs of the Conquest (()RDEKir, p. S<)5>. ' archhishoiis had accepted them from former! 
Although he kept a large number of sti- kings. Nor did Henryttiake the quarrel a j 
j»endiary soldiers, to whom he was a liberal personal matter; ht-Jhd not persecute thej 
master (Cl^nt. William or JiTMikoES, viii. archbishop, or thwon hini in tlie exerciBO 1 
2J), he wfls persuaded by Anwlni to sharply 1 his office, as llnfus had done, He behar* 
restrain them from injuring the people, as ' throughout with a due n.'gard to law, and on^ 
they had done in lyi< brother's time, and as the wliole acted fairly, though he naturally 
ihey did in the I'arlier years of his own ' availed himself of even,' lawful means to- 
reign (Eidicer, Uittoria Nororum, iv. col. gain his point. He was ui^d by hia coua^j 



Henrjr- 1 



441 



llenrv I 



sellori, and e$pecuKUv by the bi«hop«, ti.> 
maxTT and reform his Ufe. lie had for some 
time been in love wirh EaJyivth (^Kdith^ -.t 
Matilda j\. t.~. daughter of Nlakvlm Cau- 
more. Icing of Scotland, br Mar^n't.diiuarh- 
ter of Edward the Exile. 50u ot' Kdmuiid 
Iron:«ide~q. v.] Matilda had lieen bn.mi:ht ujt 
in the convent at Romst'v, and many jHtijile 
declared that she had taken the veil. An- 
H>hu, however, pronounced that »he wili not 
a nun, and married her to the Vine, nud 
crowned herqueen in Westminster Abbev on 
11 Nov. 1100. The Enplish were deli(fhted to 
see their king take a wife of* Knghind'ttnu'hl 
kingly kin ' {A.-iS. Chnmicle^ n. 1 UK)). lie- 
for« long, his example was follawiHl liy 
others, and intermarriages between Nnrinaiin 
and English became common. TlifV wt'i*!* 
encouraged by Henry, who by thin nnil (iIIht 
means did all he could to proutuli; thi' amal- 
gamation of the two races witliin his king- 
dom (JDe Nitffis Curiaiium, p. liOIJ), IIIh 
efforts were so ftuecesaful that In* Idih bi'i-u 

s, called the ' refounder of the I'^nglinh luit ion ' 
(William Rufugy ii. 455 j, For a wliiji^ hi- . 
devoted himself to his(|Ui;pn, lint bcfiint loii^ ' 
returned to Iiis old miHti; nf Wit:. HIh mar- ! 
riagewasnot pleasing to ilirNoriniiii wAAft^, ' 
who knew \m early mJiffortiiiii-^, and us yi-l ' 
held him in little TuifptHiX ; tli):v *iw»:rft\ at. \\u: . 
domestic life of the king and ijiifTt, r^illtng 

them ^- *'- »----': ^ '• ' ■ ^ 

( 
but' 

- IlnnKflP lIi'NTI.N'iiHj.N-, p. 2i'A,}. .\\n'Ui\y 
they Wen^lottiijg hiiii\\.*>^ him iu fuvour 'A 
Kobert, who Lad pftunjH fi*jtu tJj»- rrti.-n>lf, 
and had again n:";tjju<.d h> y'>v<rr.'.;««-*<',»-'i')j 
as it wuj*, of NonnHU'Jv, ♦hoyyfj Jl'rr.r-. V.*]^ 

the Ca(ftl*:» w!j;»:b h*,' IjI )'J ;•. V;r*-,< -A \..'- 

grant fpjm Hufu-. ."vyr;,!- ),•,**.,.*>, v.im 
carri^-d on in N'jrm*in'Jy t>r*wi-.i-/, ■:, twii 
and the duk-"». At ' 'i.-.r^V'.-.t* ■ },r r • ;■ •.< '•*. 
hiifcourt at \\"'r-'u.:(i>N '.t.-.-; ■•.(•. •-..,. ,i-j 
1/jui?. who Ltd ItjN !y t^y-i. i'.w,t -, • • f t.y 
of Franct bvL.olh'',*-.'. J'r ^ ;,. V.'- .. J^..- ,r 

WBE wilL \.:Ui L ]•;••.'-• 'jj.u*< J'O!! Jii->-'>t.' 1 
Philips hC-.i>r-'U, v !» p-rj/^r'-/ t-. •; i 
bwn f^Lt i}\ yi I:;. If.', •n-.-.i-r' ..;.j!,-... i.. 
kw^il^rj:- '■..■;Mvv ■ii.j.-.rt-- V..-.' J!.-... . 
howtrvtr. ►*•:!! V,, j'.j..,. I,-..,,, V, -. 

ppeMfE-v^ *y*>,' ,1 '»> :.••>-.»■, y ziv ' >K 

KEJll'. J". "J-'J. p I."-.- ■.,.^-- ,.,'..-. 

PlTne'.il.V Ui:'*- Mjfii ■ t^-- t-1 f.<jM-j J'd-,-j,-.t 
(foo JiUl'iriftu . i >"' ' 'Xr J ' •-.- 

Xnfcrf:t'j»r J'itJl.trti" I 
»Dd fi'r'J •-'.■ N-i'V^ivr. 

Kolf-r birtii" ;. •»• I' I 

ff 2 j',-l Ml' ■ ili-j. ■**! ■ 

tittr 'VVl:--u! ii. ■'■tu- 



aomcsTic iiie oi ine King arirj ijiifTt, r^iiitng 
them by the Englinh riunjch ii'ATu: and 
(itodguHfiodiva ). Ilwiry liciird tljcir nvi-nt 
but'jfcHr BOtbin;.' idfft'a lUtjum, v. It'.M ; 



that l«oK*rt «a.t hKhu u> uuke ku viu<*>u^t 
.V Ur^ munWc N'lli I'f H,•^U^^ xwA \'l iKo 
jyvvle jteneruUv cume W \\w ;i'.-.v*i«M\ u» 
prx>le»stlu'»r U>>tth\ Uciu^ .uul llu* xi^'hli* 
nu't ^\x\\ uiutUHl >uipu-it>ti^ \nu>iiM itu< 
nobles oulv UktU'ct rttAtLiiutiii, Uit hiu^t i>t 
Utsherji, K(>t>or |tl^t>i, Kv^U-n i>t'Mi>ttlitu, uiul 
his brv>tlier lleun,riiil k>l' W iir\Mi'k, uvu^ 
sti'iidlasi lohim; all llu> W'A Mt^io iiu>ii> ci 
less tut Kobert'n mdr. I'lit^ l'liiult->h |>tH-|ilt 
and ihi* bi^Uoits Mevt« ImviiI, iimiI I'\ \\w aA 
viee itf .ViiNi'Int Meiii'\ it-iii^uuil lik-> )tu>iiii4r-i 
of giH>d ^ltM'ruH^*nl iI.'.i/m /i'h.'i,"(, \ ;H'l, 
I'1aiiui:u, lUntyrM .\.>M>rf(i'(, lit \\A. VW\\ 
llegiithi<n'd a liir^i> iirniv , iind >\ii.i |tiiiii>dli\ 
.'VuNi'lin in piirnitli. Willi liiui Im nunl Ih 
l*ii\i«iiMi>y, iind h(>iit a Iti-nl In inli-it'iipl lliti 

ImadiTN, SiMUn nl' till' niiillilt-n \W\\\ pil 

Nlliuli'd to }t)itl tll<< tlllltr, \\\\\\ I li:tl liiiiil 

l'<irlr4MI<llllIl <in 'Jn,lnl>. Ilnlilt •iiImiIim.iI Im 
nici't. Ililll, llhd ihull^li niililii nt lii,< luid.i, iilid 
linMillg tlii'lli Itiilii-i'l nf tti'lji-liit , nniv iiiitl III 
Slm^wnliiirv I di-nt-rli'd liitii, nniny \\*.\*. |ii:pl 
IVoiii rollimini/ tlii-li'i-kitl|i)ili' by IIm- inllitt 111 1. 

i)f An>ii-lni. 'I'litf liinp iiii'l lli'^'iiiltt: iimJ. ijl Al 
Ion in lliiiMpi'liirff Wa' I-, I 10-'l'>i<if II' ni v n 
iinny wii^ jjirf/ifly t'(iiii|io'-i''l tA I'.nf/lt'liiii'ii 
III' rode roil 1 11 1 llii-ir bill iiilioli'". i' llii>;/ Mi' nt 

bow lo ini'-l l.lil: t:li>fi Ii ijI A i .i -, -ill )r rjjtll^f , 

and ili'-y I'lilli 'I !•# Imn Su |i ■ ili-iu i ii^>iu*: 
till- Noriiiiiii^. NoIjh'Ui i',',tpi..*i , \'ii \\ir. 
lirollnTft bud fill iiitif'.ii t. ^ w 1* !'"/(<> .l"l, 
tiii'l i-iiiiii I'f ti'ifit,". M' 111 '< uy*" ■■ '•/ / >' 'fp 
fill 111- 111 Id III .NoM*i.ii.'!> • /■••*! \tuu.h''t.\ , 
wliii li III !■■ pi ii'/.'/i'i.r.y ''•, \ ■ [ti'in. f ", 
I Ijc \utiUr'.\i' 'i . 1'j fi /''IM ' .',• )■:■ ■•* '. I'././ I 

liui'l will' Ij If'.ly i« f l.'.'. ■)•<.'.' i./; Si** :->:. 
and 'o |.jiv ' I.' -J-jVi 't./>- ■•.•.■■-■,<.'. "..iVr. 
•,.:|. If'J,..) ..,'y.|.....^», .■'.. ..■■/' h- /.'.': 

;iri'i ';», li',f' 1./' • Jl f.', '*•• ' fc./n.«/^ 

•(.;t ,f . >;... r-.',. .: ■■.- ,. '.'. ■ ..-./.. 






*tlt> 




> 


b^y. 


1 -' 




-.4 , 


^• 


; 


O'i". 


1 


• 



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l'" 



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l#i '. 



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).y-. 



Henry T 



443 



Henry I 



the Spvem country, wbrre he could easily [ 
find WelMi allies, it wn.* UoiwIhss to attempt to 
carry out his de»i}rn of eiiforcin}; order and 
of huinhltng the gruut feudatories. Ili^ war 
■with thp earl [for |mrticulure Bee Belleme, 
ituBBHT ov] VTM t\i>; prinripul crinis in hia 
reign. Not only did HoU^rt's wealth and 
dominioitH uiuke him a dangerotu fue. but the 
chid" men in llenrj-'s army also sympathised 
■with him. Ilenn* depemliMi on the loyally 
of men of lower dngri-e. In Bghting out bis 
own quarrel he was also Gghtingflffiiinst the 
forenioff n'oresentative of a feudal nobility, 
which would, if triumptmnt, have trampled 
iilike on the crown, the leswr lflndholder», 
and the nation genenilly. The ahoute which 
were ral'wd on tho Hunvnderof tijliren'rtbury, 
thecurl'et lojit dt ron;,^hohl in KnfilaDd,and the 
Mng which celelirat^'d hia haiiishmont, J^how 
that the jw-opK? kn«w thftt the king's victory 
insured »afetv for his subjects, liuring the 
^arly part of the war the earl receiv<Ml help 
from tlieWel'di under Jorwerth and his two 
hrotbers, who ruled a« llobert's vassals in 
I'owys and tbe present Cardigan. The king 
won Jorwerth over to his side by promising 
him large territoriei* frw of homage, and he 
ja-rsuttdeii his count rA-mi-n to desert the earl 
and uithoKl ilie king. When, however, he 
•claimed the fulfiliueiit of Henry's promise, it 
wofi refufied, and in 110>'} he vraa brought to 
trial at Slirewebury and impriMtncd. 

It ia choracteristic of the cipirit in which 
llenn' carried an bia dispute with Anselm 
that while in 1102 he allowed the orchblsbop 
to hold hifl Bvnnd nt Westminster, he in 1 lOS 
baniehfH] William Gifliird [q. v.], the bi))hoi>- 
tdeet of WiiifbL'Hii'r, for n'fuKiug to receive 
<-on)ifcnilinn fmm Gerartl [q. v.] of York. 
He wna anxious for a w^ttlement of the ques- 
tion, and wiUimrly gave Anselm license to 
go to Rome, llenry was relieved from some 
juLxiety by thedcath of Magnus IJarefaol , king 
«)f Norway, who win* slain wliile invading 
Ireland, and he enriched himself by seizing 
<»n ifO,000/. deiwsited by the Norwegian king 
wItJi a citizen of Lincoln. Some inlerference 
in the a^iiir!) of N'onunndy was forced on 
the king by the artackfi made on his f)on*in- 
hiw, Eustace of I'acy, lord of Breteuil, the 
huabaud of hia natural daughter, Juliana. 
]{obcrt of Menlan was sent to threaten the 
duke ond bis lords with tbe king's disiiloa- 
Bure unless they helped Eustace, «n<f his 
mi^ftinn was successful (Orukkic, p. 811). 
Duke l^)b(;^t came o^er to Kngland, and was 
pereuftded by tlie <iueen to give up the pon- 
flion of thnxi thousand marks which the 
king hod agreed to pay him (Fixm. Wia. 
ii, ti'J; OeMa lie^um, V. 31*5). Normandy was 
in ft state of coufuBton. Henry's enetniea, 



and above all Kobert of Belleme, who WM 
now in alliance with the duke, were actiTi>j, 
and were joined by William of Mortain, 1 
of tlic king's bitterest foes, who claimn 
the earldom of Kent as heir of Bishop IMioil 
Since the overthrow of Kobert of BcUem6 
the king had become tuobtrongfortbe nobler ' 
William was tried in 1104 and twntenced to 
banishment. He went over to Normandy] 
and attacked wjme of the castles belongia 
to men of the king's part v. Henry himseij 
crossed with u con>i<h' ruble fleet, and witn 
Domfront and other towns, apparently (hov 
held by the lonli^ who al^n had t*Inc]i«h.] 
esta(e*i. In an intcn-iew with Uobert hft 
romphiiiied of his alliance wiili Ilohert of 
H*"llpme and of his general misgovemment, 
KoWt purchased |>eace byccdingtohirat 
lordhhip of the county of 'Evn:ux. nenzy'd 
lords seem to have fought wit h eume ffocce 
The king rptumed before Christmas, It*t 
A time of trouble in Knglami ; forbewu^tle^ 
tormined to invade Normnndy, and ac 
ingly ta-Teil his subjecta to raiw- fund* for' 
his expetlition. lie wils collecting on army. 
and, as he had not yet made hisdecnw again»l 
military wnmgdoinjr, his soldiers oppressed 
thu pe*»ple, plimdering, burning, anif sUying 
(A.-S. Chnm. aub an.) He held his Christ- 
mas court at Windsor, and in l^-n: 1 10.* Ifi 
I'^inglaud with a large force. H 
Hurlleur, and spent Easier day m ' 
Thither came Serlo, bishop of Seez^ who i 
been driven out of his »«•<• by Itoliert of IteJ. 
Idme, and prepared to cclebruto mass. Tin 
king and bis lords were sitting at tbebotion 
of the church, among the goo<Is and uleoiiilj 
which iho countri'-folk had placi^i there tal 
pn'»en"e them from plunder. Serl ■ 
the king to look at ibe-tesign-^of ti. 
the people. and exlmrttMl him to d<lr. -t no tu i 
and the church fom those who npprHfcted^J 

them. He wound up hv inveighn -vfT 

the custom of wearing long hair 
vailed among iht; men of the Eni... 
and Bpoku to such good elTect that the lung 
allowed him then and there to shear ofi' _ 
locks, and tbe courtiers followed the king** 
example (OnDKRic, p. 8IH), Oeoft'n'v, r.niT 
of Anion, and Klias, count of M 
to bis tielp: Bayeui, with its cli; 
buml, and Caen, where the tr«wuiiiie oi ll: 
duchy was kept, woa bribed to surrende 
i}n 22 July Henry met Anaelm at Loigli 
There was some talk of a po6«ible excommU 
nicaiinn, %vhich would have damuivtl hJs' 
pofltlion. The interview was amicable, and 
terms were almost nrmnged. Althnugh h« 
won many of the Nornnm barontj over by 
gifts, be failed to take I'alaise, i^nd found it 
impossible to complete the conquest of the 



duchy that year. Ilti rDtnmHd tn England 
ill Aiijtuat. (For Ihw t'Xp«Kliiion Bee th. pp. 
810-lH; Uenht of fltTfTiNoiios, p. 235; 
Vermt H&rlonis, lin'-ueil def Ilt/tforieng, xix. 
jira-'f. xcj ; NoiUiATK. Atipevin Kings, i. 11.) 

On his return he Initl il tnx on the clergy, 
■who kept their wivej^ in diKobcdifnceto Au- 
selm's canoni and, fintltiig that it broti^;bt in 
little, exteiith^d it to all the «eciilftr clerjrj- 
aliki.'. A largp number appwired bf?tore him 
at l^ndon in Tc»4tnionts and with bare feet, 
but ho drove th«ni from his presence. Then 
they Uid their griefs ht-fore the nuc«n, who 
burst into tears and said she dartxl not inter- 
fere (Eadker. iv. col. 457). Uobert of Bel- 
lemo came over to endeftvour to obtain the 
king's piirdon, nod wn.< wmt Vwick indipnant 
at liiR mihire. Duke linlwrt aliwi came early 
in HOD and found the kiujf at Northamp- 
ton ; hL> failed to persuade the kiui; to give 
up his conqufst!i and nuUce peace. Contrary 
to his u^al custom, Henry held no court At 
Easter or Whitsuntide, and (ipent the one 
fcnst at liath and the other at Salisbury. In 
July he again went over to Normandy. On 
15 Aug. he had a s&tisfactory interview with 
Anjwim at llec, and the arch biehop returned 
to Knglnnd. At Caen he received a visit 
from Ivolwrl orEsloutevilh'.onenftheduke's 
pari Vr who otlered to Hurrender the town of 
Dtvet) to him, nrop«tsiug ihat hn should go 
thither with only ft fcw men. Henry did so, 
and found that a trap had been laid for him, 
for ho wa.s nttacked by a large numb«'r. 
Neverlhelejts, liismen routed their a!s.«ailanttf 
and burnt both cattle and monaster^' {Oh- 
DEKIC, p. 819j. He raised a fori outside 
Tinchfhray, a town b«;tween Vireand Flers, 
belonging \<* tht> Ouunt of Mortain, and sta- 
tioneu one of hiii lords there to bloekade thi- 

As the count succeeded in introduc- 
men and stores, and the Hiege made no 

, Henrj' appeared before the touTi iu 
pomon. Kobertand nip army found hini there 
on 9 Sept. Henry's nrmy, whieh comprised 
alliea from Anjnu, MnJne, and Rritlany, had 
the larger numljMf of knit;ht!<, while Kobert 
bad more foot-<«oldifw. The clergy urgi>dthe 
king not t/> tight with his brother. Henry 
listene<l to their oxhortattonf*. and »ent to 
Robert, reprewnting that he was not actu- 
ati»d bv greed or by a desire to dei>rivo him 
of his duki-tlow, hut hv coropa.'utiou for the 
people who were suffering from anarchy, and 
offering to be content with half the duchy, 
, the strong places, and the government of the 
de, whde linberl should enjoy the re- 
ives of the other half in idleness. Ilobert 
laft a ed. Both annt«a fought on foot, with 
tlie exoeplion of the duke's Brst line, and 
Heniys Breton and Cenomannian cnralzy, 



which he placed at Romo little distance from 
his main bcxly under the command of Count 
Eliaa. The C'-ount of Moriain, who led tho 
first line of the dueal armv, ehai^d the 
king's first line under Hanul^ of Haycux and 
shookwithoutroutingit. Then Klln^wiThhis 
cavnlrv fell on the flank of the duke's second 
line ot'foot, and cut down 2'25. Thereupon 
Uobert of Belleme, who commanded l he rear 
of the army, fled, and the whole of the duke's 
forces were scattered (»'Ajp. **-l : Hknhy ok 
] I f NTiNODos, p. 2.'15 ). Tlio duke, the Count 
of Mortain, Uobert of Estouteville, and othor 
lords wore made pri-umers, and the battle 
completed tho conquest of the duchy. It 
was regarded as an Knglish victory, and a 
reversal of the battle of Hastings, fought 
almost on tho same day forty years Wfore, 
for it made Normandy a dependency of the 
English rro^vn ( Wi rx. of >Ulu. v, aWH ; Nor- 
manComjnegt^xA'iG). The war in Normandy 
helped on Henry's work of consnlidoting the 
Norman and English races in England, and 
thi<> process was still further forwarded by 
his Iflt.-rwars with France, His subjects in 
England of either race were counted Eng- 
lislunen as opposed to Normans or French- 
men {Angerut Kmgif, i. ;?^i, 24). l>uko ](ohort 
was kept a prisoner until his death in IKt^; 
there is no ground for the &tory current in 
the thirteenth century M»«. ^fo^aJ>t. ii. TjO, 
iv. 15, S7H) that he was blinded (Ordkujc, 
p. 823). Henry caused William cpf Moriain 
to be blinded, and kept him in prison until 
he died. In the middle of October he held a 
council of the Norman lords at LisieiLX, in 
which he resumed the grants made by h\» 
brother, and ordere<) the destruction of all 
'adulterine' or unlicensetl cai^tles, and at 
the same time held a couueil of tJic Normnn 
cburcli. In order to accustom the Norman 
lonis to his rule ho held a court at Falaisa 
the following January, and it was then* pro- 
bably that he caused Uobert of Moni fort sur 
Uiile to bo tried for disloyally and banished 
bv legal process. In March he again held a 
council at Lisieux, and Mrttled the atfairs of 
the duchy, where he pursued the eame policy 
as in England, th'pivssing the baronage and. 
protecting the lower claases from tyranny 
and violence (I'A. 1 

He returned to Engl and In Lent , and accord- 
ing to his custom held courts at Easter and 
'U'hitsuntide.the tirst at Windsor, the necond 
at Westminster. On I Aug. he held a council 
at Westminster, at which the t«rms of the 
compromise between the crown and the pa^ 
pocy were finally 8ettled[see under Anwijcl. 
The issue of the struggle was that the church 
was freed fhim the feudal character which 
had gradually, and especially in the reign of 



J 



Henry I 



444 



Riifue, been imposed upon it, and that tUu : 
king t&citlv recofiTiiM'd a limitation of secular j 
ftutboritv. On the other liand, Ilenr)- siir- i 
rendere<i n nbadow and kept tlit* subgUnce ! 
of power; for tbe appoint ni*,' at of bishops re- 
mained aa much OS before in tbeking'aliandB. i 
At Ihis council five vacant sees were filled | 
bj iJie conMTcrat ion of biftliope, Rome of wbom 
bad b(»en elected long bifforo. One of tho new 
bisbopa, Roger, cona«crut4>d totbe seeof SoUa- 
bury,fonDorly the king's cbancellor, wa£ now 
made ju5Tiriar. llenrr used the revenues and 
offices of th<> cburcli m a means of mwarding 
bis ministers, whom he chose from the cler^* 
rather tban from ibe Ijaroniul clasn. He em- 
pliiyed Hi&hop Ko^rto dnvelope asvstena of 
jucUcial and fiscal adminifdration. 'f he curia 
rpffi«, or king's court, became specially active 
injudicial matteni,andwhi)etbe thn»e solemn ' 
courts wert; n'gulnrly held, of which the king 
came to divisions on more important judlciiu 
capen in the presence, and theoroticaUy by the 
advice, of hi Acoiin6ellors,tbepermenent court 
of which he, or in hifi atuence his justiciar, 
va.s the bend, and which was composed of 
the greot officers of the household and any 
others whom he might select, gained greater ' 
distinctness; tbe king further sent out jus- 
tiOM to go on circuit to transact judicial buai- 
neas and to set tie and enforce tbe rights of the 
crown. Tbe court ofexcbequcrwsff organised : 
for the purpose of royal finance ; it Keems to ' 
have consisted of tbe justiciar and the other j 
nrdinary members of the curia regis, and to 
have Ix'en the body which received the royal 
r^'venuf from (he variuuit othrers appointed 1 
to collect it. Its business was nHM)ni»«l, and 
the earliest exchequer roll known to be in 
existence is thot of the thirty-first year of 
Henry I. From this it appcani that the royal 
revenur^ was ihim fully (W.OOOA The ordi- 
nary direct taxea were the daneeeld, the 
ferm, or composition paid by the shires, and 
certain fixed amountspaid by towns. Besides 
these fiotircei of revenue there were, among 
others, the feudal incidcnt«,the saleof office^ 
and the profits of the royal jurisdiction (see 
ComiiUitionai History, i. 376 91 ; An^eein 
Kingt, i. 25-7). In July 1108 Henry agaiu 
crossed over to Normandy, where trouble 
was beginninc'. He had given Uobert's son 
William, called 'Clito.' into the charge of 
Klias of Saint-Saen, and now, hTthe advice 
of his courtiers, wanted to get hold of the lad. 
An attempt to seize him in the absence of 
£lias failed, and his guardian refuse<l to give 
him up, and when Henry took his castle from 
bim, went from one lord to another asking 
help for his yoimg charge. Many of tbe Nor- 
man nobles were ready to uphold their old 
dake's son, and his cause was favoured by 



Pevernl of the great French feudatories. snA \ 
by Louis VI, who, aftr^r his f«i hern death, wu 
crowned king on 3 Aug. (Ordbric. pp. 837- 
838). Duriug all the earlier part of UO>J 
Henry remained in Normandy, and in th« 
course of the next year a quarrel broke oot 
between him and Louis about tbe border fort- j 
Tcsa of ffisors. According to the Freiwh | 
statement an agreement had been made bt^ 
tween them, when Henn* conquervd tlw 
duchy, that Gisors should be a kind of d«h 
tral ground, and should belong to neither of 
them. I lenr)-, however, turned out the Ci»* 
lellan and made it his oVm. l/<;uis gathered 
a large army and marched to metft him at 
tht' town of NeaulHps ; the Kpte flowwl \rt-\ 
tween the two armies, and couid only btii 
cros^ by a crazy bridge. Messengers cain4 
to Henry from Louis astserting his grieroncel 
and offering to decide the matter by combat. 
Henry would not hear of this. After «ome{ 
altercation Louts odered to fight tbe matter! 
out if Henry would oUow the French oraiyj 
to cross over the river, but Henrj- answervdJ 
tliat if Ijiiuis came over \n tlie Normon sidM 
he would find him ready to defend hui land. ' 
Tbe two armies retired each to iu own 
quartern. This was the beffinning of a loot 
border warfare between the Normans and 
the French, during which Louis did mock , 
hnrm to tbe castles and lauds on tbe N(^r*| 
man march (Si70ER, Vitn Ltidwifi 6'rr*«m,ap, I 
i?cnwV,xii. 27, 28). About 1111 Tlieobal(^| 
count ofBloUi, Henry's nephew, relying ob I 
his uncle's help, began to make war on lx>nt» 
on his own account (ii. p. STt). Meanwhilsj 
Heurj- continued his work of riMiretwinir tt 
boronage, and in 1110 hnnishefi from Enjf-I 
land Philip of Hraio»>o. William Malet, and 
"William Boinord, and confiscated their land*. 
AVhile he was fighting in Normandy he kepb« 
Kngland atpeace. In 1 11 1 Fulk V of Ai^jou fl 
joined Ixiuis against him, for Fulk bad mar- ^^ 
ried tbe daughter and heiress of Lllias of 
Maine, and on the death of hi:^ fathor-in-law 
revived the old claim of his h>)u«e on Mainc;i 
the war increased in importance, and IlenrjJ 
remained in Normandy for about two yi 
He seems to have acted warily, to hav 
tnistedmuch togoodmanagement'and bribes, 
and to have avoided actual fight ing as much 
OS possible. He caught his old enemy. Ro- 
bert of BcIIeme, sent him over to an Fnglish 
prison, and captured his town of Alen^on.^^ 
rhe Xnrman harons were not universally^^ 
faithful, and Henry bani.-ihe<l (he Count oTT 
Kvreux and N\'illiaui (Vispiu. Bv the be- 
ginning of 1113 the wnr Si-ems to Lave die«l 
out. Henrv spent the festival of the Purifi- 
cation (2 l-eb.) at the monastery of Kvroul, 
and early in Lent met Fulk at Picrre-P6coul6ef 



Sire I 
Wi 



I 



Henry I 

near Alen^on, and there made peace with 
liim, for, as he Imd bv ^ifta won over to his 
aide many uf tlie nobler of Maine, tbe count 
w« nut UQwillinfjf to come to terms ; Lc did 
I to Henry for Muine, and promined 
tie daughter in marriage to Henry's 
tUiam. Henry jiardoned the Count 
of EvTCux and some other buniehed lords. 
Shortly ofterwurdB Henry and Louis made 
peace at Gisors. The amount of Henry's 
eoccess may be gauf^d by the coacesaions of 
the Krenob king, who acknowledged his right 
to IJelleme, Maine, and all Itrittuuv. He re- 
ceived tlie homagL* of the Count of Urittanv, 
subdued the forces which held out in Bel- 
Hme, and then returned to England. 

During Henry's reiffn the English power 
in Wales was strengthened by colonisation 
nud conquest. The Knglish regarded with 
dialike the large number of Klemish which 
bad settled in their country since the Cou- 
<iiie«t, and Henry in I 111 settled them in 
tlie Boutbeni part of Tlj-fed or Pemhrokc- 
shire, where they formed a vigorous Teutonic 
colony, held their ground against the Welsh, 
and o^itiverted a laud originally Welsh into 
an outtving English district, 'Little England 
beyond' Wales' {Oesta Jteyum, iv. ^11, v. 
401 ; Flok. Wig. ii. W; OhDERic, p. 900; 
Ann. t'amhria,i\t\. 1100; KliKF:uA>', Entfluih 
Toictu and DistncfJt, pp. ^3-0). Barnard, 
an English bishop of Norman race, was ap- 
pointed to the see of St. David's, and pro- 
tesaed obedienC45 to Canterbury ( Councih and 
Eccl. D'K*. i. 307) ; obedieocei was likewise 
profe^ed by the Ilishop of Llaudafl', who 
was consecrated by Anselm in 1 107. Owen, 
the nrinco of Powys, caused a good deal of 
trou hie, and earritHl on constant wars against 
the Normans and I'lemings until he was slain 
in lllO. AHeroucof his raids Henr}* granted 
the present Cardigaii5hiretoGil)H>rt of Clare, 
who subdued the district iu llll. After 
his return from Normandy, Henrj-, in the 
Kummer of 1 114, led a Large army into Wales 
against (iruffyd of North Wal^ and Owen. 
On his approach the Welsh made peace with 
him, and af^er ordering castles to be built 
he rt'tumed, and on "Ji Sept. embariced at 
Portsmonth for Normandy, where he re- 
ma'med until the following July. His re- 
lations with Scotland, where three of his 
wife's brolhenj reigni.'d in succession, were 
unifonnly peaceful. David I fo. v.], the 
qu4>en's youngest brother, passed uis youth 
at the En|;flisa court, and Henry gave him an 
English wife and an English earldom. Atthe 
eame time be was careful to stn;ngthen the 
borders againat the Scots aa well as agiiiu-^t 
the Welsh. The I'astem border be gave in 
charge to Ranulf Flambard, bi*hop of Dur- 



Henry I 



ham, whom he reinstated in his see in 1107 
(Oroekic, p. Ki3); over the western border 
be first aet an earl of Carlisle, and on hia 
death divided the di^itrict of Carlisle into 
baronies, and gave it a county organifiation. 
He also carried on the work begun by his 
brother of making Carlisle an Lug] ish city 
by completing tLo monaatery of Austin 
canons, and making it the cathedral church 
of a bishop of Carlisle. In 1114 he sent his 
daughter Mai ilda over to Germany to bo the 
wife of th(! Kmi)en>r Henrv V ; ot the time 
of her betrothal in 1 1 10 he had levied on aid 
whteh the English chronicler says was spe- 
cially burdensome because it came in a year 
of scarcity. When be was in Normandy in 
1116 he made all the borons do homage and 
sweor fealty to his son William as heir to 
the ducby, and on 19 March 1116 he caoied 
the prelates, nobles, and barons throughout 
the whole of England to do the liko at an 
assembly which he ht*Id at Salisbury <.4ji^/(>- 
Seuvn Vhrun. n. 1115; Kixii;. Wio. ii. 61); 
EadxEK, Jlistoria AwmrKwi, v. col. 4{»t^ ; Dr. 
STtTBBS considers this to have K>cn a general 
muster of landowners, ihnJititutumal His- 
tory, i. 368; and William of MALWWBntr 
aays that the oath was taken by all frin-ineu 
of every degree in England and Normandyi 
Qenta Jiefftnn, v. 410. In the face of the 
English cbmnicler and Horence this may 
perhaps be put down as merely rhetorical). 

After Easter Henry iigain visited Nor- 
mandy, and, taking up the quarrel uf bis 
nephew Theobald with Louis \ I, sent forces 
into France, took the castle of St, Clair, and 
did much damage. Provoked by this inva- 
sion, Louis adopted t In- cause of Itoberl's son 
William, and ai lacked Normandy, and, as he 
knew that tint dukes hadtlioriiughly fitrtitied 
the btirder, seized by a clever strutagem a 
little towu called GuoNichaise, whore there 
was a bridge across the Epte. Henry tried 
to blocki\do him by building two forls against 
bis quarters^ but Louis called them ' Malassis * 
and ' hareVform ' ( fru/ia trporitf), stormed 
Malassis, and carried on a desultory warCara 
(SrGEB,p.43; ORDERH',p.842). TlieFreu " 
king was joined by Baldwin of Flanders ani 
Fulk of Anjou, who combined with him 
place William Clito in posaeaaiou of N< 
mandv* Many of (be Norraan barons re- 
volted, and Amaun,- of Mom fori, who claimed 
Evreux, the 6ef of bis uncle W illium. was acl> 
ive in gaining fresh adherents to the le.ifrue 
against Henry. I)HringI017Henry ri^mained 
in Normandy, and in the following year 
motters Ix'CJime serious. Wliile Count Bald- 
win was niortallv wuundtsl ut Eu, and the 
king did not sutfer any iiniMirtaol defeat, the 
defection of hia lords still continued. ""' 





Henry I 

M aalh WBA taki>n on the king's pro- 

! thtt he vouid not p^ivn Uis dauglitor in 

1.''' to anyoni'nut oft lit* kingdom wifli- 

iidviix of his I'hief mt'n ; tfiiM tunur- 

1 wii.1 iirnhftbly uiitrm'. H'Miry'n movH 

;sf, have soeintAl titraiipi* to tht* mfii ol* 

•tini', for no woman had hitht'rti> reiffnitd 

■ ' ^11 right cithur ovi^r IinKtmid or Nor- 

it was meant t<i put an rnd to tlui 

• i tbt* p&rly which eumiurted WiUiam 

ihil 9o to ptve ^lability to Hemv*-) 

II (luring th« n*»l of hi« rvijrn, a^ well 

t'lire tlio «U(u:i>6t«ioii ufler hid d««(h. 

' of luuwcr to t hi<> oAth of »urc*!«u>ion, 

li^oin took up iht^ (uu»e of Williun, 

iiQi the pnpul decn-r a^aiutt his mur- 

!> id hwn tlnully fiifonn'd, had been for- 

' I'V hi" frit'ndft, inL\e him t#wifb June 

' .'forrnl, thi.' hrtlf-Hiuter of hi« qafi-n, 

ii-'-'tofl him withih'.'grBut nftholrvacb 

t., Mon-DVtfr, wh^n CharlL'*, coiuit of 

i I--', di»M]on 1 Mnnh U-*?, he ifi\vt' tUv 

; M William u» tht; bfir of Bnldwin V, 

< won himwdf oiiH nf ibr i^luiauinl*, and 

It' ni'phfw Stt'iilitm, whoM county of 

. Trr> wan « I''h*mi><h lirf, to prew biA 

' SicjjUimi wiu* iin«ui'c«<fs*(ful, nnd rho 

hiiwn tn William by Ibc Tirnch king 

rH|iid riv' in Ini iippbfw'* fortunLii 

1 liim 1" tnkt* inwiMirx't lo {iivvvnl 

•ili«r combinatiun hi>in^ formi^d aguinit 

II. Aroirdiiifjly In- madi' ailianw with 

-( Aiijoti, and at Whitsuntid/^ w<nt hit 

r anti heir»!a» to Xonnandy, undfT 

. I; n,.- ..f h»T baJf-br»(hLT, Unbcrt, t'url 

I I - iir'-,t.'r, to bt-comt; the wiff of Fnlk'ii 

>t)'n!V. lie ah"> xnndv tilliant'v with 

-":f of Aliace, who I'lainicd tJ> ouecetrd 

..' ^lunly.and with a htronj: parly amtrntf 

■■Fleminj;»»ffain-t Wtlliani and fht- Frunttli 

11^. In Aiimift hi- rn>s»ed ovur !o Nor- 

ioidy, and in oniiT to pn*vi-rit I<4iiii« from 

sinif hid|j lo William upheld Amaiiry nf 

l-'Hlfiirt in a r|naml with the Franch king 

^i'oi:ii,p. rit}); inrodi-d l''raiici\ though pro- 

ibly without any idt't of making' L-'iuqufwU; 

ii.-iuii{hh) fur a wtwk ai KiMrni'Mi, onr of 

;'<* rhii'f ptiAwwAidiiB, withi^ni bpinf^ 

! I Hkjtkt or HtMii?niimN. p, 217), 

• mi ti\ I ilia mronA k»<pt l.«iiiiiA fn<in marching 

into Vlandcn. At Wbil«unlid<' ll'.'f* h« 

knigbtt^l fi<^>trrrv with uiurh i-i-r^mnny at 

I(fiii*'ii, and lli«n pnwftMhxl with bim and 

\f»t;!,1i. t,i I>) Mann, wbtTt- on thi' 'ictaT* of 

<i(«tfFrry and Matilda wt-r*- niarriixl 

|r<«M>nr-«- in the cotln-drnl (llutvn'a 

tfnufrrtti up. Uf^urit, x\\. 6J(», 6:^1 ; for datv 

«i.- AH-ffviii KnujA, i. SiW). 'Yho marriag*' 

wax unpopulur in Kn^'land, Nonnandy, and 

Mamt); ibe Mn^'li'li wfrt- unf plfOM-d at the 

I LcirnH lo X)ir> r.ro«'U marr^ i^g out of ihn 

• 




--ilrr:. fail 

aa*£ >ri :c S^'-'.>t^l^ -- ^mi "i it !.:> tv: 
a.i'i liiii 3iL' & -■aLSC-^Cur. rlLii Hirvm.*. li 

a. £t ■- c -VzMiTT :c X c-j.-rt. E Msrst-t?. ▼i-? 

"■"X* :CL '.Z^ ?V'?ir-l>" Siin. Cfl* '-"I:' "i^* fc»-'T** 

ki? :Tr : zT4z^.i-d»itra"'f rs so H»r«cc tha; b; 

t>:r*? '.r;-: :ii-::r ^t«a. i-.i c^t oc ;be i:pi of 
th-tr t:«w- Tt-HT pBLT^rttti zb.-in. f ?r:i&d *U 
th^:r c*?tU3 a^^iui:*; ll-^nrr. tnd Joliuu 
gar.LepT'i a fTw. ac-i *hut herwlf in the 
ca.«tlr of Br»t«-iiL The townimea wb-jmerv 
loyal sen: to H^^nrr. and he appeared before 
thi r^'tle in K-^bruATT 1119. Juliana tried 
to kill her father by a shot fpjm an engine. 
!>he failed, and was forced to offVr to «ur- 
r^-nder. Her fither would not allow her to 
leave the ca^tl*.- except by lettinsr herself 
down into the moat and wading through the 
iry water ( Oederic, p. ?^*? : Dr Conteinptu ' 
Mundi, p. all J LixoAED, ii. V2). During 1 



lilhf IIMfli^jiJUyfBllyfMemihjiMo 

^^9fa^KvAs0iM» wmmva unfrontEa^ud. 

VW aiiirt ^ lis ■■■■ig^ vu ihoiraOTilif 

ta Gomt Folktomnr 

bemenWil^ 

FdfcV >iii%lLi ■ aUdhU AaaM V 

^•M^i^ JlHB»a|M Ib» dao^n^f loa Eo 

' t^ftt the kiiif mnild 
T«h-».8Do uf RoAet 
«f Slfita^ Sid Wsr (^f its »ztcif>nt lortlB 
1^«U ; Stgeb. p. 45 ; Gar/> /^ 
1^419^. TliBHBCnaf«vwl|idiiniO^ 
i^Jiae^tf iniiii,tAaaydlhe>ttiet 
t w«fcr lim MTiatr villi Go«ttnit 

Imi^ ^ febdUBu 

ke flude & temUe 

«■ tbt Mini I loRb; he laid nege u 

K. Mi ii^Uc it ««U deteded oiH 



AaAeis ti> lum, for Andoin, io 

--""_■':. '"-^ J -- rtni3 d*- n;^' of lIb 
rxL*iT r«>*^»ily. t»5 loyml to Henrr, tDd 
A^^i il3 wirtber it would not be well for 
iTi T' £?- s^ town provided that if the 
«.TrTi»?* ww>? bomt he would rebuild them. 
A« :i~f V^i^ioft be^tated to gire ui insrer, 
s^ Vti- !^ nrp to the town and barnt it, 
^xrvb^ azid all. be and his noUes giving 
T&f bis^-f aspie pled£«» that he would re- 
bouVi ;be Htuirbes, which he afterwards did. 
WVrC Aasaorybeardthat his town was burnt, 
be jec: :o Louis for help. On 20 An^. Hain, 
who h*d heftrd mass that nkoming at Koyon, 
wm$ rviiBf towaids Andelys to make war, 
w~th &Tit hoadred of his best knights, when 
his >c«>at^ told him that the French king, who 
had ridden out from Andelys with four hun- 
dr>Hl knights, was cloee at 'hand. The two 
bonds met on the plain of Brennerille. Be- 
side* William the .-Ethelin^ two of Henry's 
natunl 5ons, Robert and Richard, fought in 
their fikther's company :" Richxrd with a hun- 
dred knifhts remained mouhted, the rest of 
llenrr's knichts fought on fobt. Among the 
knights of Ijouis fought William of ^*o^ 
mandy. Louis n^lected to marshal his force; 
William Crispin, a rebel Normvi, charged 
Henry's forces with eighty horse. He and 
his men were surrounded, but he made his 




-wny to thti king ntul struck liiiii a deadly 
blow on the liomi, but Henry's iMsa^ipiwf 
savt'd him, tlinu^^h it was brnkt-n by tliP blr)w. 
and woundt^d his bond so tliot I ho htooti 
Howvd. All the eighty kni^chts wure luk<'n, 
A body of knights from the V'exin for ii 
mnmfnt shook the Normnn lint*s, but was 
riuickly repulsed. A\'beu Louis saw that Wil- 
liam CriKjun iind iheknij^hts whomho led did 
not return frtim their rlmrgf, hi> nnd his men 
took tli^ht,aiid the Niirinuns purisiierl some of 
the fugllivefl aafarafl Andflys. Ht'ury's men 
took 140 prisoners and the banner of th« 
Vrencb king', llonrv rptumcd this banner ro 
LoiuR together witli his chnrpcr, nnd Wil- 
liam the .Ktboliug st'nl bnck the rhiirger of 
his eou.4in William of Xormaiidy. Hi'nr\' also 
Bent back without ransom some knijji^hTd who 
owedallegiunceto ly>ui9nsweIlHs to himself. 
Only thrm' knights w«n? slain (nit <if the nine 
hundn'dt'ngiigLKl inlhefight: forall were clad 
in complete armour, and on both sided tliere 
■WM a fueling of knightly roniradeiihip whirh 
prevented any sanfruinary conflict ; indi>ed 
tbo aim of both sides was rather to make 
priwnen? than to slay the enemy. Tlie whole 
affair was more liko a great toumomeut than 
a biiUlv (Oitntuic, pp. 8C3 C; Slouic, p. 4'»; 
Heshy of UiSTisoiios, p. 241, where some 
deiniU ore probabh' untrustworthy). Louis 
rai»Hl a larpt' foH-eand overran part of \oi*- 
mundy and Chart res, gaining nolliing by his 
raid, while Ileary orgHni»eil his army. In 
Oetolwr Liiuis, who evidently felt hinis^^lf 
overmatched, appeared before Calixtiia il at 
the Council of Kheims, and made his com- 
plaints against the English king. Oeofft^y, 
archbishop of Rouen, p-we to reply to the 
eharges br<.>ught agaitu^t hii^ lord, but Ihe 
council would not hear him. The ]»ope, liow- 
over, wa« anxious lo mako peact* with the 
emperor, and did not cnro toofiV-nd the father 
of the emprefts. Meanwhile Ilcnry rer^-ived 
the rtubmi»sion of several rebel lurdu, and wax 
reconciled to Amoury nf Jfontfort. Kiisliwe, 
and Juliana, Hugh of Gournay, and others, 
who Mgret-d, though against their wUls, to let 
William riito and Klias of St.-Snen remain 
in exile. In Nnvi'mber ho met the pnpu at 
Cii^irs, and replie<l in person lo the ehnrgf.'a 
brought against him by Louis of usur|)inp the 
inheritance of his brother and nephew, de- 
claring that lie had ollt-nsl to make Willtain 
earl of three counties in Kngland, and to 
bring him up with his own son. 1 1 is answers 
on these and other points thoroughly sat isfird 
the pope, by who^e int«rcewioii a peace was 
nrmnged in 1120 between Henry nnd Ixiuis 
and the Count of Flanders; all conqitefits 
wen? to be reatored, captives UlKrated, and 
Xence." pardoned, and Louis occqited the 



homage of Henrj-'s son, nnd tims gave »> 
pledge that he should succeed to his faiher'ii 
iiefs (ORDEnic. p. WtG; Xorman Corifueat, 
V. lU.S). Henry thiispassed safely and houanr- 
ubiy through the most dangerous crisis of hU 
n'ign. Al^cr devoting some time to settling 
the atfairs of the duchy, he ftmbarked at Bar- 
fleur on 25 Nov. to return to lilnglunil, from 
which ho had been absent for four years, liia 
only legitimate son, William, was to follow 
him, with his half-brother Richard, hiit half- 
sister the Oonntesa of IVrche, many young 
lords and ladles, and the king's treasure, tu 
the White Ship. The ship foundered, and 
all were drowned except a butcher of Rouen. 
Although Henry's lords wen! mourning thoir 
own loti^es, thev concealed the disast-cr from 
the king for a day after the news had come, 
for they feared to lell him. At last the young- 
son of Count Thenbuld knelt before him and 
told him of his loss, Henry fell senseless to 
the ground, and though in a few days be re- 
strained his gi'ief, and ajipUetl himself to hi^ 
kingly business, he was deeply affected by hi* 
sons death (UitnKUic, pp. iMHi sq. ; Geita 
lieptmt, V, 41V*; Hk.vkv uy Hl'.VTiSQDOK, p. 
242; SvML-ox, li. iiol); AVxcb, 11. 10203- 
10288; Bkxoit, 11. 41039-41152), 

The disaster ruined his schemes at the very 
moment when their sut^cess appeared certain, 
and when it «!emed tm though nothing could 
prevent his son frcim inheriting both his king- 
dom and duchy. All his dominions would 
now naturally pass at his death to his fmemy^ 
William Clito. By the advice of his cono- 
sctlors he married again, taking to wife, on 
?9 Jan. 1121, Adela, or Adelaide, danghter 
of (jodfrey\TI,countof I^uvnin,inthenope 
of having a son by her, and also, it is uid, to 
ke<_'p blmwlf from disgraceful conduct ( firsfa 
i?<^yttm, V. 419; Kadsier, col. r»17). Unfor- 
tnnatelvthe mnrringe prnviMl barren. After 
Whitsuntide Henry led an army into Wales, 
where the nativeet had taken advantage of 
the death of the Karl of Chester to rise tn 
revolt. He marched as far as Snowdon 
(SvMBoy, ii. 2B4), and received the sub- 
mission of the Welsh nobles, who gave him 
their sons as hostages, and paid him tribute, 
Ao that he is said to have fully subdued the 
ltind(UiiuLDrBCAirRREXsis,iiLl.'J2). While 
on this expedition, and as the army was paw- 
ing througti Knglish tiTTitory,ho was hit by 
an arrow which was shot at him »#'cretly. 
Hiis armour saved him from horm. The man 
who made ihe attempt wasnot discovered, and 
Henry swore 'by tiod's death,' his favourite 
oath, that he was no Welshman, but one 
of his own 8ubii?cts {fiesta fieyum, v. 401). 
Shortly before this time Henn.' bmugbt lo a 
cVmc a <)uarrel with Tlmrstan, arcbbUhnp of 



Henry I 



448 



Henry 



York, ilis rulf wbk ua despotic in eccloai- 
aatic*! as in civil niuttt^rfi, and in butU alike 
he maiiitaiued lliu principle of holding to the 
herwlitiiry rights of the crown. After the 
drachof Anseiiu in 1 1 W, he broke thf proraim- 
of his coronation clmrtcr by kwping t lie (h.*** of 
Canterbwry vacant until 1 1 14, when he hiiui- 
Qioued the suffntfiin bishopa and the monks 
of ChriBt tTiurch to Wiiidaor, and allowed 
tlie election of Italph, bishop of U<x;beflter, to 
the archbishopric. 'Hiis election led to a dis- 
pute with Pojie Pa<;rhal II, who in 1 llii wrote 
to Henry, complaining that liis legates were 
shut out from tht> kingdom, and that he tnms- 
luted bishops without papal license. On the 
other hand, the kin^ infonnt><) the blitliopa 
that the [K>pe had infriiigml th»- privil^ge-S eu- 
juyed by hitt father and bntthiT. He coin- 
inaitded Thurt^tan, the a rehbihh up-elect of 
Yorkftouiakeprofe^ionto.VrchbitthopIUlph. 
Thurstaii refu^L-d, and was upbcld in his n>- 
fuijul by Popo Paschal and hit) successors, 
GelosiusII and Culixtus II. A lung quarrel 
onsuod, in which Henry upheld the rights of 
Cantorhury. lie allowed ITiurstan to attend 
the pope's conncil at Rheims in 1110, on his 
promising that he would not riH^eive conso- 
cration from the |K)ne, and »o (-vade the pro- 
fession, and allowed the Knglish prelates to 
go ihither also, worning them that, as he in- 
tended to abide by the ancient customs and 
privileg»'9 of his realm, they had better not 
bring hack any idle innovatioru. Finding 
that Thur^tan, In spit« of his promieie, was 
trying to obtain connecration from CalLxtus, 
he chargini tlie bislioiw lo prevent it. They 
were tu-j late, and the pope confiecrated 
Thurst-Bu, wlii'rtmi*on ihd Icing forbade him 
to entHf Kngland, uiid .'seized the estates of 
his aco. Nor w<mld Henry at Glsors assent 
to the ]iope*B demand for his restoration. 
Thurslaii, liowever, did Henry a Rervice by 
forwarding the negotiations with lx>ul8, and 
Henry allowed him lo return, and gave him 
the temporaliliffl (Kadubk, v. cot. 499 wj. j 

IlUUH TMK ClIAKTOR, pp. 129 W].) 

Although Henry sent the younjf widow of 
his son back to her father against his own will 
— for, besides her importance; as a kind of host- 
age forCount Fulk's conduct, heseemstohave 
been fond of her (Okdhuil', p. 87fi)— he did 
not return the money which formed part of her 
dower, nor would he satisfy the envoys from 
the count whfi came to his court, probably on 
this matter, at Chrii*tmas 1\'2'2. 'Hie settle- 
ment of the county of IMaine, however, was 
broken by William's death, and Fulk was in- 
duced, partly by his anger at the retention 
of the dower, nnd partly by the persuasions 
of Louis of Fmncc and .imaury of Montfort, 
count of Evreux, to give the county to Wil- 



liam Clito, to whom he betrothed his Beoni 
daughter Sibyl. At the same time in lliS 
a revolt was excited among the Nomiia 
lords, chiefly through the in»trumenliihl,v ot 
Amaurv- and of Waleran of 3Ieulan. the set 
of Ilcnry'* late counsellor. Uenry hetid uf 
the movement, and cros5<?d over from Pon*- 
mouih immediately after \S'hitsuntide, Ictv* 
iug hif* kingdom under ibecarcof his juslicUr, 
Jtobert, bishop of Salisbury, who was at llii* 
period, ftftvr the king hiniselT, all powerfiil 
both in church and state. In September tin 
rebels met at Croix-St . I^uflroy, and arraagt^ 
theirplaiis. As tuoon as Henr^'knewof tluiE J 
meeting, he gaiheriHl his forces at Rouen, sod f 
took the field in dV-tober. His promptitude 
would have taken them by suriinse hidthi^ 
not received timely warning from Ilugliuf 
Montfort, of whom the kingn_^uin;d ttKao^ 
render of hii> castle. Henry burnt Montfurt, 
and forced the garrieon to surrender tli(! 
fortrtifis,and then laid siege to Pont Audftni-f, 
the town of \\ aleran. The town was burnt, 
but the castle was hold bv a strong garriion, 
partly composed of m*'U wlio had prei ended t<i 
be on Henry's side, while some, the ^t^i La'it 
de Itarr^ among them, were &i.<ret> and Tiliioi 
worriors. In i^pite of his age Henrv ■xn^'n 
active during this siege a^i the youi:. 
uf his arinjV', superintending ever\ 
self, teacliing the carpenters hov. u> hiiutift 
tower against the castle, scolding had wori- 
men, and praising the indust riou<s and urtrinic 
them on to do more. At last, after a .'lege 
of six we«'ks, the ciuslle was surrendered. Un 
theother hand Olbors was taken byatreocUe- 
rous ?lrutagt:-m. Henr^' at once hu»teD(d 
thither, and the rebels evacuated the lownMa 
hisappronch. In returning he sei&ed E\iviix. 
Heusy rains pompdh^d him for a time U^ 
forbear further op<!rations. While his reU-l- 
lious lords seem to have been no match Vv 
him, their attempts gained importance froiu 
the fad that they were upheld byLouiitWku 
was ready, if matters went ill with Ilonry, 
to take n jironiinent part in th<^ war. In oplt-r 
to prevent this, Henry's «>n-in-Iaw, tin- em- 
peror, thniatenedKrani-e with on in vasi'r : 
did lint aiivsnce further than .Metx (> 
pp. 4S), 6t); C>TTo OP Fbw«in«, vii. H3», A 
decisive blow was struck on 'Jfi March ll-'-i, 
when Kanulf of l^yeux, who held Evreil 
for the king, defeated a large f<>roe Itnl 
Waleran, and took hira and many otli 
captive at Hourgth^roulde. This battle vi^ 
luallyended the war, and nAer t^aslerllen^ 
pronuunced sentence on the rebel prisona, 
al Kouen. Many were impri8oue>d, llugh I 
Monifort lieing confined miserably at Olo 
cester. Waleran, whose sister wa* one of i 
king's xniEtrcescs, was kept in prison in 



od until 1120, luid lUeti luinlonml lutil ro- 
ceived into I'uvour. Two irtU'tn whri Imil for- 
fiwom tlieiuaelvea Wfiv coiidemm^ id loAe 
their t^Vfes. A liko duoin was prfniounced 
ii(f*iiujt tiio wnrrior i«wir, Liikw de Barre, t'or 
lie had mortally olTi'udcdtlu- liing hyhin .i^uti- 
ricftl verses, as well as by his rojik^aU-'d atliM-'ks 
upon him. Charles, (Jdunt of r towdert*, who 
•co&nctid to be ai i he court , and many nobles ns 
nuHutraxed at this, for, oa they pleaded, Luke 
wu not one of IJcnrr's men. and waji takt^n 
while tight ing for his own h>nl. II»?nry ac- 
knowIeilj^Kl thin, but wouhl not remit his den* 
tence, for hi> snid that T^uke had inadn htx eiie- 
miefllati^'h nt him. I.uket-'^rapuil Wis doom hy 
ihuUin^out hiHown brains (OauBUit', pp. 8>^, 
881 ). The Idnfif's succetis wa* crown-'d by 
the publication of a ptipal drcrue, obiainvd 
b7hispersuni«ioii,annuniii|^rthumnrriagecOQ> 
tract between William CUto and the daughter 
of the Count of Anjou, on account of cousan- 
^uinity (i"^. p- S'*"*; D'Achkhy, Spiciif^ium^ 
iii. 497). Tlie war cost much money, and 
KngliAhnii'ti moamKl ovt>r the bun Icnit which 
wen* laid npun I ht^m ; * thoi«e. who had gomU,' 
the clininii-'-l«r writes, 'were bert-fl of them 
by strung ^elds and 9lron}( mnt*?fl; he who 
had none starved with hiniger.' The law 
was enforced vigorously, and aomctlmcs pn>- 
bablT unjiifltly : at llimcotp in l^iceflt^irshiru 
the fcinp-'s iu.stic*.w lit one time hanged forty- 
four men (idthieveH,audDtutilut«^d »{x utherti, 
i)omeof whom, it wiwjft'o^ritlly hfl't'vwl.were 
inuo{.'(^nl, At the end of theyiar Henry *ent. 
from Normandy, commanding that severe 
raeasiirea shiuild lie tak»ni nt^ainst debnwr» 
of till' uiin, wliicli had deteriorated so much 
that It wiii^ »^aid ttuiT a pound wuji not worth 
a penny in the nmrker. Tlie otfendcrtt wen: 
punished witli niiitilatiou. 

< >n the death of his son-in-law the emperor 
in ll^o. Ileurvsent for his daughter Matilda, 
who went back to liim, and in September \\iii\ 
he n*tiinied to Kngland with his queen, his 
daughter, and bis prisoners. Finding that it 
wiis unlikely thai his queen would have cbil- 
divn, he determined to S(K:ure the auccessiun 
for hts daughter, and at the following Chris!- 
Buu assembly at Westminster caused the pr*.-- 
.latesand barons toswearlhat if bedied with- 
outa male h<>ir they wotild receive Matilda as 
Lftdyboth of Kngland and Normanilv- Among 
th06e who took this nuth went DavTd, king of 
Scots, who had come to the Englis-h court at 
Michaelmas, and Stej^en, count of Boulogne, 
tlie king's nephew, and the brother of Count 
Theobald (Anylu-Saxtni Chronicle, Pub an. 
1127; WiLlJAU OP M&LUCsntruT, Jlietona 
JVpw;/a,i. 2, 3; Simeon, ii. 281; (hnt. Wil- 
liam or JcMikfJEB, viii. 25). It was a(lei> 
■Whfh asserted by Bishop Rc^r of Solubury 

VOL. XXV. 



that this oath was taken on the king's pm- 
miae that he would not give hiri djiughter iu 
marriage to any one out of i he kingdom with- 
out the advice of his chief men ; this a.'tser- 
tion WHS probably uiitme. Henry's move 
must have sotimed .strange to the meu of 
his lime, for no woman had hitherto reigned 
in her own right either over England or Nor- 
mandy; it was meant to put an end to the 
hopes of the party which suppoited William 
Clito, and so to give stability to Uenrj-'a 
position dunng the rest of his reign, as well 
as to secure the sncces><iou after his death. 
By way of answer to t bi.^ oath of succession, 
Louis again took up ilm cause of William, 
who, since the papal decree agaiii.Ht his mur- 
liage had been hnall^- enforced, had been for- 
saken by his friends, gave him tt^wifo Jane 
of Moiitferrut, the Imlf-siMler uf his qum'n, 
andinvetited him with the grant of thuPrt-nch 
Vexin. .Moreover, when Charles, count of 
Flanders, died on I March 1127, he gave the 
county to Williiim us tho luur of llnldwin V. 
IleuiT was himself one of the rluimants, and 
sent his nephew .Steplum, whoae county of 
l^ulogne wa& a I'lcmlsh tief, to press his 
claim. Stephen was unsuccest^ful, and the 
favour sho%N*n to William by the French king 
and the rapid rise in his nephews fortuiu.*a 
forced him to take measures to preveut 
another combination being formed against 
him. Accordingly he made alliance with 
Fulk of Anjou, and at Whitsuntide sent hia 
daughter and heiress lo Normandy, under 
the charge uf her boir-bntther, Kobert, earl 
of Gloucester, to become the wife of Fulk's 
son (ieofirey. Ho also made alliance with 
Theodoric of Alsace, who claimed to succeed 
t/i the county, and with a strong party among 
theFIemingsagainst William and the French 
king. In August he crossed over to Nor- 
mandy, and in order to prevent LiiuiBfrnm 
giving help to William upheld Aninurv of 
Montfort in a quarrel with the French lilitg 
(Scrub's, p. I>6); invadc<l I'^nuice, though pro- 
bably without any idea of making conquests ; 
ennumped for a week at Fpernon. one of 
Amaury's chief possesfiious, without being 
attacked (UEintr op HcjrrisoDois, p. 2471^ 
and by this mean^ kept Louis from marching 
into Manders. At Whitsuntide 1128 he 
knighted (leollrey with much ceremony at 
Kouen, and then pnx-eeded with him and 
Matilda to l^e Mans, where on the octave of 
the feast Oeoffrevand Matilda were married 
in his presence in the cathedral {Hutort'a 
Gattfredi ap. Hecueil^ xii. 520, 521 ; for date 
we Ani/evin Ktngf^ i. 258). 'JTie marriage 
was UMpopulnr in England, Normandy, and 
Maine; the KngUsh were not pleased at the 
heir*^^ to the crown marryil^ oat of tlio 

« G. 



lenry 



450 



country, while the pcopU* of both Normundy 
nuj Maine lind a long-statiditig liatrtnl for 
thu Angevin Iioiim. It pnjmi.M^d, kowovcTi to 
turu tbe most, dunguroiis of Henry* onemifs 
into an at«ured friend, to put an ond tu tlh- 
drAiffiis of tbe counts of Au^ou on Maia(^,aud 
to add Anjou to tiit- inlic-ritanct' of his de- 
Bcendania. In the lost daya of July he bejird 
that his nephew was dL*ad, und received a 
letter from litiu, asking lii^s ptkrdon, and pray- 
iiip that he would be gracious to such of his 
frinndit aa might come to him. He uf^rt'iKl 
to this rBquesi, releiweil some nf bis iiejiliew's 
adhen«ii(» from itri»on, and tillowud t-lien) and 
othont lo have l!ueiT landa ajfniii. William's 
death relieved bim from all further attempts 
on the port of Louifl to t^hake his power, and 
robbed t ho noblee of Normandy of t he weap»m 
which thoy had so often used apunat bim. 

Hiit (J(xk1 fortune was tioon cne<juerbd, fitr 
nhortly after he landed in England, in July 
11^, be heard that Ueolfrey bad qmirrelh'd 
wilb bis wife, and thai ^bi- bad returniKl to 
Itoiiirn (Sr«»ON, ii. 2N'i). Towards the end 
of the year be M-Andaliitt4l l he English hisho|» 
by a trick to raise money. With his con- 
currence WiUinm of Corbeuil, archbishop of 
Cautarbury, held a syno<] at Michaoloiaa 
1127| at which it wa» ordere<l that married 
pnMta flbould put away their wives. Ne- 
verlhclesa aftor hiit return the king allowed 
the clergy t<j keep their wived by paying 
him a fine (Ht:NBY of HtrxTiNODOx, p-S^l). 
On 4 May follnwing, the nypoira of Chrlt*t 
Oburcli, Canterbury, being finished, lie at- 
(eiid'-d llie conseonitionj imd there is a story 
that when th» anthem 'Tcrribilia est locu&' 
was sung with a trum[>et accompaniment, 
be was so much moved that be swore aloud 
that by GckIV death the place waa indeed 
awful (0»cney AnnaU^ p. ID). Four dayt* 
Ut4ir bn went to Rochester, where another 
raontiAtic and cathedral church was to be 
deilicat^, and while he was tiiere the city 
wa* almost destmyed by fire. At Michaef- 
mt» ho went to Normandy to his daughter. 
Innocfmt tl wiut then in France, having been 
forced to leave Rome by the AUpportcn of 
his rival Anaclete. Henry was urged to 
take the side of Anaclete, who was, it is said, 
favoured by the English bishops. Bemaxd, 
nbliot of Clairvaux, persuaded him otherwise, 
and he left his own dominiona and came to 
Ohartres to meet Innocent, promituMl him 
hia support, and fifti>rwurd.'4 received hiui nt 
llouen with much honour, and used &U lua 
inlluence on his behalf (Henbt of llTmriKG- 
Diiw, p. 251 J Ilisiuria Novella, i. 6; Kwxvvf 
ov Sebz ap. Mdratobi, iii. 436; Acta SS., 
Mabillok, ii., Vifa S. Bemardij ii. 4). He 
Totumed to England with Matilda in July 



1131, and soon received a measace froi 
(fenrtVey asking that his wife sboutd rnnii 
hack to him. Ily the advice of a _ 
oouncit held at Northampton on 8 Sept., ii 
Was decided that hU reqiit'st should 
granted, and Henry again n.'quir*ttl oil t 
n(thli'ft who were pn'ii>nt to swear ftiftlty 
Matilda as bi.H successor. Dnrine llSt* 
remained in Knglund, and ar Chru(tma5 la^ 
sick at Windwr. The following Easter at 
kept at Oxford at the * new hall,* wliich h» 
had just completed; this was Heaumont 
Palace, outside the north gale of the city 
(Wood, CV/y 0/ Oxfurd, p. 8<W ; Boasb. O 
/urrf, pp. 2)^, *t2; the Suggestion in llBys 
OP HirNTixoDON, ed. Amohl, p. 2A3 n,, \ 
it wa>^ Oxford CaRtlo Is erroneous). ' 
birth of his grandson, afterwards ifeniy 11^ 
on fl March, seemed to secure the ^\xc^^ 
his policy, and in August he embarked, foi 
the last time,for Normandy, to s«k* the ehfl " 
Anecliptieof the sun which t'xik \.\ 
his Toyogi) wa^ Hft»TWftnls beld t*. 
ominnuft {^Anfjlv-SoAim t'hron. a. i \--< \ //» 
(ofin Xm-ella, i. 8). Jlatibla joJniMl bim 
Rouen, snd there, at Whitsimiide I i:u,bo 
a second S'>n named Geo^rL'^ . Hi? took mud 
delight in bislittte graudibililren, and sta; 
at nouencoatvnt^'dly until, in W'i'j, be hi 
that the Welsh hnd nitirh* an imjiirrection dd< 
had burnt a castit; belonging to Pain Fit, 
John [q. v.] In gr^'at wrath he bade hi^ 
prepare torctuni t.i Kngland, and wasthri 
on the point of emUirkinp, but was pre%'ent 
by fresh trouliU«. Mis aon-in-Inw clai 
certain castles in Xorniandy, which he a»n 
si-rted had been pPomi.«(ed to him at the li 
of bi& marriage; and, according to a lai 
storv (lEooEKT oil' ToRlGSi, a. 1135, whii 
receives some confirmation from Ordbri 

LIKX*; see Anfffvin Kififj*, \. 2fi9), seems t 
ve demanded to rweive fealty for all 
Heurj-'s strong plaees in England and No 
mandy. Henry indignantly de^-lared I 
so long as be Iivcl he would make no 1 
hia master or his r-qual in bin own boi 
Geoffrey destroyed tlio castle of the viscounL 
of Beaumont, tne huiiband of one of Henry '» 
natural daughters, and behaved so instill' 
ingly t-owards him that he threatened to 
take Matilda back with bim to England, 
But ha was unable to leave Norman<ly, ft 
some of the nobles were disaffected and hel 
with the count.. Chief among these wbi 
William Talvos and Roger of Toeaoy. 
kept Roger quiet by .^ending a giuTi.40D 
Conches, and when 'falvas, after disreg&rdmg 
•eve-ra! summonses, tied to Angers, he made 
an exp^Klit ion into his country and compelled 
tJie surrender of his castles. Matilda 
fiw|tient nltr^mpts topersnade him top 




TulvAS, and when Henry refii»^I (|Uam*Ile(] 
with ber father, aud went otl" to Anpors to 
hiT hitsbaiitl {Chnt. Willum of .TLSiikdES, 
Tiii. •14). Ileury's health, which had been 
fading for eomc time, wa« further iroiiairud 
by the agitation brought on by these quar- 
reU, and he fell eick while hunting in the 
fortrst of Lyona toward* t he end of November, 
Uis iltueea, it is said, being brought on hv 
«iiiiug Iftmpreye cuntrary to the orders of his 

Physician (JiENBY of H'rNTiX);iMiN, p. 254). 
le iK'Ciinu' fuv(.Ti>.h,und, fwliug that his end 
wKsncar,(M*ntf«rIIugh,urcJibisljopof Roupn, 
bv who6e direct ions he remitted all sentences 
<ii forfeiture and banishment. To his son 
Itohert, earl of '_IIouct?atvr, tlic only one of 
his children who wu* wifli him, ne gave 
<i,000/. fr«m his treatnirj' al {''tilKise, ordered 
that wageN and gin<5. ^hnuld )>e diatributed 
among hiii liouaeuold and mercenary soldiers 
<Ori»B&ic, p. 901), and declared' Matilda 
b«ireee of all his dominions ( UUtorUt NovrUa. 
i. B). He rcM^ivcd abeolntion and the last 
aacmmErnt. and died in peao; {ib. c. 0), after 
a week's iUne&s, on the night of 1 Dec., ut the 
age of Bixty-6«ven. It was afterwards as- 
serted that he had on his deathbed repented 
of havingeaused his lords to (.wear to receive 
Matilda as his successor { Orsta Strjihani, 
p. 7), and that he had on one occasion ab- 
Aolvetl them from their oath (Gervask, L 
94). His coq)fre waft carried to Uouen, and 
wui« followed thither by twenty thousand 
men. Then.' it wa;i rouehly embalwed, and 
his bowels having been ouriedin the church 
■of St. Mary de Pre at Emandrevillu, near 
Rouen, which had been begun by his mother 
and finished by him, his body was taken to 
Caen, where it lay for a month in the churcb 
of 8t. Stephen, and thence, according to htx 
orders, waa brouglit over to Kngland, iind 
buried, on 4 Jan. 1 \^\ in the church of the 
monastery which he h:id foundeil at Reading 
{ih, p. 95; Uexky of nusriSGnox, op. 25G, 
257: 011111.3.10, p. 901). I^ides his two 
legitimate children by hi& first wife, he had 
many natural childien (for list see Cont. 
William op JuHikoES, viii. 29; LiprKs- 
BBBO, p. m8). Of these the most noteworthy 
was I<i>l«rt, earl of Gloucester [q. v.], who 
w said on insufficient grounds to nave been 
Uit: son of Nesi, daughter of Rhys, one of 
ry'A miAtreSRCs, who afterwards married 
Lid of Windsor : he wsh probably bom 
A Oun before his father's accession, and was 
moBt likely the son of k French mot Iter f jVor- 



man Catioue$i, v. 861). Of Uenry's otl_ 
natural children, lUchard, and Matilda, wij 
of the Count of Pcrchc, were both drowud 
in the White Ship; Reginuld of Dunstn 
ville, created Korl of Coruwull in 11 40, die _ 
117G {fJtata Stephaai, p. 65 1; Matilda wa,t 
wife of CoiiBU 111 of Brittany <OBi>miiC| 

ft. 544); Juliana, wife of Euj^tace of Vnrx 
ordof Breteuil; Constance, wife of lioscelill 
viscount of liouumont {Vont. William u¥ 
Jlhiixcs, viii. I'W; Orderic, p. iXXi); ond 
Sybilla, bom to him by a sister of Waleruu, 
count of ^leulan, married Alexander, king 
of Scots {ib. p. 702; ISkhsb, Celtic Scotland, 
i. 448). 

[For HcnryV birtli and cducttiion, see Fm.— 
niau'ri Normati Couquust, if. 790-6 ; for his life 
);«foro his Hccf5!tion rntd his reign to 1 104, Kroa- 
nmn's Willinm Kufa>, jmssini; for hix p«r«(.>a4^| 
character, Nonimii Conquest, T. 539--4d ; furbkct^^^f 
of reign, ib. pp. H8-243; for ttnie of En^lnnd^nl 
uml«r liim.audfnrbis ir'liitioQs with Arijuu, MIhi 
Norf^t<.«'» England ander Angovio Kinga, i. I-3fl 
:J30-4'i. 261-71; for rpigii.cipoeially on rogar' 
continental policy. lAppvnbcrg's Norman King 
pp. 27&-35G, tnms. Thorpe; for coubtitutioD 
iu>]>et<t,SlubbH'Ht>)ii)ititutionnl History, i. 303- U 
an<l chap. xi. paaairo ; for snnunai^ of events n^ 
latiiig to his doings on ilw eontineat, index witJi 
nferencei to Recueil dos Btslorieu«. xii. 93t-7 
(the chruDological seqaenco is occasiorutlly incor- 
rect, ImL this Lfi a nutter of much doubt nml 
diflinilty owing to the confoMd chanicrcr o(' th« 
work of Orderie); WiUiaRi of Junileges and Or- 
tleric, Hi*l. Norm. Scripll, Cl>achu8ne) ; Brevi* 
Rolutio (GiUt«); Anglo-Saxon Cliroo. ; Heory of 
Uantingdon's iliftt., with L>e CoutL-mpiu Mundi, 
Ann. Cambris, Dwcript. Kainbris) np. tiiniM. 
Cambr. vol. iii., AnnaU of Wavorley. AVyk**. and . 
OHcney ap. Ann. Muoatt. vols. ii. and ir., Ru|d 
tba Cliantor ap. An:h^i^hop■ of York vol. li 
Sytn«oo of Durham, and (Jervaae of Cant., i " 
RoUm ftor. ; Florence of Wore, William of Main 
Gesia Scepfaani, and Willium of Newbui^. i 
Engl. Hist. Soc ; Eadnitr's Hist. Nov. axA i 
I^ttars of S. Ansnim, P»troI. Lat., Migne, ra 
clviii. clix.; Uap'K 1*^ Nngis Curialium (C\ind. 
Soc); Hifit.Danc1m.8S.lres(Stut«eaSoc.);War«'^ 
Itoman de llaa, ed. Androaen; Banoit, ad. T ~ 
Michel ; John of Uexbani. ed. Twyadeo ; Buge _ 
Vita Lud. QroMi, and Bist. Oaufr.DuciB ap.R«^ 
caeil d«a Historiens, vol. xii. ; Araalf of 8t-«a, 
inciatns ap. Rcr Ital. Scriplt. Muratori, voL 
iii. ; Vita S. Bcrnanli ap. AcU 8S.0JS.B.. UabiU 
ton. vol. ii.; for flt'nr}''* Kngliab fQundatiuns, 
Dugdale's Monasiicon, index, aad refersDcss; 
Bo^'s Oxford and CrRighton'B Carliala (Hilt. 
Towss Scr.); Wood's City of Oxford (Oxf. Km. 
S<jc.)l W. H. 




aes'sii 

M 



INDEX 



xo 



THE TWENTY -FIFTH VOLUME. 



^i»rri8,Aogi«titf G]oasop(l825-l»73) . 
ilMfii, Chiflee Atiivand (1813-1874) . 
llMrrit,Sir EiltrAnl AlfrelJnbn (1k08-1»»((). 

See under Harris, J«mus Ilitwartl, thinl Kitri 

of ^UlmeBban*. 
Harria. Fmnci».'M.D. (l«-2t)-l88o) . 
Kftrris, George (I7'«-17t»6) . 
nitrri*. r.«.rge, flnt Lord Hurris (1746-1829) . 
Ilurrifl, r.e«rKc (;i"94-I8.'-9) . . . . 
HatTM, Gcorffv Kmncia Robert, Uiird Biroii 

Hani* (I81i>-t872) .... 
IlarrU. Heorv Id. 1704 ?) . . . 
Harria, Howel (1714-1773) . 
BarrKJanMs (1709-1780) . 
Ilarrii. Jamea, flrst Earl of Molmrvbur^- 

(I74&-1820) 

Harris, James Koward, tbtnl Earl nf Mulmes- 

burv (1807-1889) .... 

HarrU, John (1588 ?-16&8) . 
Harrl*,.Iohn, !>.[). (lGfi7?-1719) . 
H^rrU, Jobii ( /. 17U7). Sm under Harris, 

Rennto-i itr lUnc. 
Harrl«.Ji.linO*. 1680-1740) .... 

Harris •I'^'hn (d. IKM) 

Harris John 1 17:iS-lM6) .... 
HarriH.Julin, !).[>. <1802-I8o6) . 
Uarri-, J'-.hn n82l>-l«8l) .... 
Harris John nrUDd(Ieuan Ddno LanTnwv) 

(lWW-I8-.'8)' ' . 

Harns Joiwph (7) (/. 1C61-1«S1) . 

Hnrris .Joseph { jt. IliRl-1690) 

Hftrris, Jr.Mfpli ( I7Ol?-170-t) .... 

ilarri-e, .lowpli (tt. I«(4) 

liarrii, JoseplUCnmer) (177»-I8'i:t) 
Harris Joseph John (179!>-1889) - 
Hnrris J»»eph Macdounld (17x9-1860) . 
Harris .)<>»epb Ihome (1828-1869), See 

under Harris JoM'pli Ji>tin. 
Hanii, Mows (/. 1706^1785) 
Hnrrif, Panl (1673-1035 ?) .... 
Harria, Renatos nr R«ntf, the eliler (1640?- 

17I5.») 

Harn-s Kirhattl. D.D.f A 1«13) . 
Hnrris lIobcrL tISKl-lfos) .... 
Harris Ki>hert (lK(fO-lK)J5> .... 
n«rri8. Samuel (I682-I738) .... 
Hnrris Thoma* (IT06-I782). Sec under 

Harris Jwepli (1702-1761). 
Hnnis 'ni«ma«(i/. It^'.'O) .... 
Ilnrri-. Wnltcr, M.It. ( Hi47-l7I12) . 
Harris Walter (Ui««^.l7tin .... 
HarTi4, Witliflm (l.Mii ?-l«U?) 
Harris William, O.IJ. (IG7S ?-174rt) . 
Harris William (irW-1770) . 
Harns, William ( 1776 ?-18a0 i . . . 



Itsrris Sir William CV-ruwallia (1807-IK18) . 
Harris, WilHsni Oeorgf>, iwciind L,ord Harri» 

(1782-1845) 

Harris Sir William Snow ( 1791-1867) 

Harrison, Bet^jnmin (177I-]H&6| 

Harrisun, Ueiijiunin, tlw vonoser ( 1008- 

1887) 

HnrrisoQ, Sir (!i«>rj;e ('//. 1841) 

HarnMin, (Jeorgs lleory 11616-1846) 

Hirriwiu, John (jf. IGaO) 

Harrisim, John (1679-1656) . 

HarrifNni, John (I6IS 7-1670) . 

Harrison, John (169^-1776) . 

Hairiwn, J.v^ph ((/. lariS?) . 

Htrriwra, Marv ( 178K-IK7'») . 

HarriflDo, Ralph (174H-;{tiO) . 

llarri«m, K»Urt (rf. 1685 ?) . 

Harri*oQ, Koliert (1716-1602) . 

HarrisoD. Samuel < )7G6-1813) 

HarriaoQ, Slopben ( _fi. imn) . 

Ilorrinon, SnsnDnah '| 17.''>2-1784) . 

Harrison, Ttiwrnnis D D. < 1555-l(Jai) 

Harrts'tn. Tliumaa, D.D. (/. I6&8) . 

Hnrriaun, Thnrons ( ltH.H'^IGtj<i> 

llurn^iin, 'Ibonifu ^lt'>9^1745) 

HarrJBOD, Tboiiiaa ( I7H-IB29) 

lUrriaoD, Thomns Elliott (180j^-]888) 

Harrison, William ( l&S4-l5Sii3) 

Harrisrm. WUIiain, D.H. ().'*5S-I631) 

HarrixiD, William (1645-171.1) 

Harrison, WilliHui (^I812-I6fi0) 

Harrison, William (1813-1W68) 

Harrison, William ( 18r>3-lHH4) 

Harrison. William Kmterick (181.V168U) 

Harri>i)D, Willinm (ivor^ (1B27-I688) 

Harr.4. Henrv (1817-1871 t . 

l4Hrr>>f), Wdliam (f/. Itfldi .... 

Harruwl.y. Earls of. See Kyder, Dudley (1762- 

1847), fln>t rarl ; und Bvder. Dadlcr ( 1798- 

188L'). twond cnrl. 
Harry. RUnd {JL 1470-U!)S). Sec Henrv the 

Minstrel. 



\lnTT\, George Owen (j(. 1604) 
llarrx , Nnn Mortpm (1800-1842 
llsptDiMi, Adnm {H. 1639) 



lUninett. Samuel (1561-1631). 

Hart, Aamn i liI7(»-1756) .... 

Ilnrt. Aaron ( l7-.f3-l8U0). See under Hart, 

Aaron (1670-I7.J6) 
Hart, Aijolphus M. (lfl1.V1S7»). Sw niuUr 

Hnrt, Aaron ( lfi7l>-175fi). 
Han, Andro or Andrew (r/. 1621) . 
Hart,Sir Andrew Smrlcl 1811-1890) . 
Hnrt, Sir Anthonv (17i4>-18Sl) , 
Ilnrt. Cbarleo (•MG»I) .... 



454 



Index to Volume XXV. 



niirt,Cha.le-(1797-I«r.y) .... 
Ilitrr, r-'jtpkivl (ir70-ltH3j. bee uudcr lliirt, 

Iliiri, (iei>r(£Q Viuclun 1 17ft3-188S) 

Hint, Hcnn {JL U4S) . 

lUrt, Hviir> (..Virc^ (lt»fH^l978) . 

INri, jHDies( tf. I&1S) . . . 

Hitrt, JiiiiiM {IOr>.'l-1T-if' t 

Hurt. .lolm (d. i&4i) 

Hnrt. .lolm (d. IflWi) 

Hurt, -loM-t li i 171^ ?-17C8) 

Kafl.J.w'iih UiQii»0«!»MM4) . 

Hurl, Mowa (inTU M7&4t). See under lUrt, 

lliirt. rtillip (rf. 174a) . 
Hurt, Snioimm Alvxnmli-r (IK06-1K81) 
lliirtcltnV. .»nhn, UD. ( tG51-l7i:e) 
llnrte. llviHv lli<:kmiin (IT'ja-18'18) 
Hurlr. WalUT 07W-i;;i ) . 
llnrtioll f-r HurU'vll. C^.r^.'c ( f1. \.'tM) 
IliirtU-v, Dnviil {i7<i0-\7jj) '. 
llnrtleV, iMvid. Uievi<UDger(1732-18i:i> 
llnrti'v. Mnt. Eli/^lKth (17&l-l»24) 
Miirtli'v, Jittiitia I I74&-17!)») . 
Ilarllpv, .Iwij* (UHlUlSliO) . 
I UrtieV, Tlioniac ( 1 70* ?-l784 ) 
lUrrlili. >i«ii\ucl (rf. 1670?) '. 
Hurlog, NtitiM £.lwnrd(IMG--1671) 
HarUipp, SirJohD MfiHT ?-l7/2> . 
HsHn-, MnUt^hv, tdiutJiAin i Jl. XHAO) 
Hiiruiiitriif, 1 hnrle* llf>nr^ ( 1802-1865). 
Hi.rW.jiigv, John, D.U. ( 11154-1717) 
llnrlwi-l), Abniliam. the uldt-r (/L l&(Ui> 
IfiirtweU, Abrabain, tli« vooiiKPr ( Jt. itOO) 
Jtnrtv. Wiliimii, M.R (l"781-l861) . 
H(ir\ar<l. Ji.Iin (l«:07~l«at*) . 
llwrv-v. |k-uucli«iii|) BaKcniil (i;ii2-1798) 
lliincv, Cliri.stnpluT (I6'>7-1G*>S) . 
lUrvf^y, Diuicl \Vliitii« i i78ll-lttCU) 
HMrvev. Edmond (/. 1661 ) . 
H»rvfV, Kilmutid tleor^e { U'28-IK84) 
lUrvev. Sir EHwnnl (1 783-1 Ktif^ . 
JUrvfv, rSIr Kllob (1 7&ti-lK!l|i ) 
Ilnrvev, tiabrial ( LVliJ ?-ll]UO> 
liarvev. Sir (iuorife ( IK<)fUlB7i{) . 
lUrvc'v, Oideou {\*'>A0'/-l7iH)'f ) . 
Htirv^-, Gidwin. tlw vimnK^r <16ti!)?-17a4). 

See uotkr Hurvcv, (.iiiJcm. 
Hiiner or Hprvi-v, Hi<nrv, l.l..l>. [d, IhBa) . 
llnrvi'V, Sir lleurv 1 1737-1810) 
Uuriov, Johu tlfifilj'-l J92j . 
iti.rvev.Joliti 0"40-I7:M) 
Jlnrvcv, Sir Julm ( 177j;-18:I7) 
IlnrYKV, Mar){ar*-t ( 17i!S-1m58) 
Hnncv. Itichard {tt liW3?) . 
Iliirvcv, Sir rhi.tiii«. (I77.VISI1 ) . 
HarvtrV. Thoniji8 t lHl-.'-lfl84) . 
HorveV or Hwvev, Williitui (»/. 1667) 
Hun pv. William. M.U. ( l67H-lfiA7) 
HHfvtV. William (l7lt'i-lS66) . 
IlnneV, Wllliom II. nrv <1H11-1»W«) 
]|»ry«v. Willinm Wiuii'ii (181U-1888) 
llarv<>y. Willinm WM-nlift ( 1708-186*). Sec 

iiiidtr Il«r\'L'3', Kdmiind <i««r;;e- 
Mitrwiird, Simon (Jl. 1^72-1014) 
ltMrwi..>il,Slr Huitiik (174.'> ?-lt»]l) 
lldrwuiKi, Sir F.-i\vi»rd { liiKt; ?-li;8:/ J 
llnrwuiKl, Edward, UD. il7a;M7:H) 

r lUrw I, Edward (//. IHM I . 

'ilirw.MKl. bitbdiu (l**!" N1)4K8> . 
lBrw.«.d. l'liili|t(lwHt-IH«7t . 
IftrWwid, Tbutnn*, D.O. (ITOi-lJMSl 



87 

88 
VO 

M 

91 
91 
tf2 
9S 
95 
!M 
99 
lUO 
100 



101 
101 
102 

im 

1M4 
MM 

HH 

lu:i 



Haseldcu, Tliomas (,</. 1740) . . . . IM 
tUstlvy. WilHvn df ijf. 1266) . . .106 
Hawll, Klirjil«ih .lulin (lH3<t-i887) . M 

fiawUoud, llioina* 17?. ]HKI)> . . . lOi 
Mualnm.Jotu) (1764-1811) . . . .107 
lUslcm, John (tH0»-1H84) . . . .107 
Ilaalrrig, Sir Ariliiir id. HiCl >. Sac llaflii^ 
Huleton. Kt< banl 1/. lo*>5> . . . .101 
Hnalewiwd. JuMrph 1 I Tfift-ltCtS) . . . lOt 

iliuull or lUlMll, Edward (rf. 1667) . . 1(A 
HuMlI, JflRHM (jr. 1667). i{i<« uniier HumU 

ur Halsjill. Edwiud. 
Flaaa^. airiaciun Fivderick (1771-1831). . Itt 
Unncll, Edward (J. I8S2). Sr« nwier Hm- 

•ell, John. 

IIamJI. Julin(e(- l»3:>) IW 

llararlln, Wftnicr ( fl. HJiW-1710) . . tl« 

H..-t.-.l, E.Iwi.rd (17Ji-lrtl2) , . . .110 
Haatii-, JninM t l7Hi;.tK->6t . , . .ID 
IU-nnt:s, SirChnrIc* (17^M-1866) . . , Ul 
UiutJD^H, Edmund (.MUM?). Ser under 

i)a.<>tiit^a,IlL-[ir>',Gr3tBan>n Hastings bv writ. 
Hjutintpi, Sir Edward (i;Wl-H67) . . , JIJ 
HiuLiDUb, E<.Iwanl, Lonl Hustings of LoB^u 

honiDh'h (li. 1&7») lU 

llaMiti^is LikIv EliniMb ( 16t<2-)73!l) . . 114 
H»!^titi^'N I^idV hlora Eliz'.b^.'th ( 1806-tAS9) . lU 
HadtiD^, Francis, flocood Eoii of llnoUnjfdaa 

(U)]4?-166n Hi 

Hn>tJn^, Sir FrBniri9(r/. 1610) . . .11* 
Hastini^x, Fraiiri^ lEawtton-, nrst Mrtn|ui« at 

Hasting uud sci'^nd Eurl of Moira ( I7M- 

11*26) UT 

Haxtiugs, Frank Abuoy (^l7<)4-lK2h) , tfl 

ll&stl»g% lieorKe, flrat Karl uf llantio^uti 

and ihinl Itiuxia JJii.itJng« of lla«tiii^ 

(l4H8f-lM5) IB 

Haatii.g^, tiwrgc Fowler 0»*H-ie76) . . lU 
Ha^tmn', litati Kraiii-ts, vlvventh Earl «f 

Iluiiilntfddn U77n-I828i . . . . IJ* 
Ma>Liti^'H, Hcarv, fir*t ltnn>n lluctnf? bv 

writ id. 1268) .....'. Ilfl 
JlNAtint,'\ llenrv, tbini Earl «if MuntinfiikiD 

(liau-liUft) ' ttt 

Ha«tin^». H«nry ( I'>5I-10A0) . . . . I2t 
nK«itng<i,ni'nrv, Cnrdl.nnnhSopjDghfifilMT) tH 
lliwlin^s. Sir lUyli (I.kt7>-ia47) . . . 1» 
Ha^tiD^n. .lobit, eir-iMnd Bamn HMtinf* 

(L>if;btb l»v tenurv) ami Itiiruii llcrgiireiitiy 

(IZuJ-lSl'S) 130 

Ha«tin(;«, Jdin, third Bnron HiAiint:* (t^t7- 

132ft). Bee ander llaatiligK, Jiilin. aeeoad 

IfaiTon HoAiiiigs (,cit;Uth by u-uur«) ami 

Itar«h BerKavwiny. 
Jlii«riii;.'H. Jiibti, HOciind Karl of Pciobnike 

(1M7-I37.i> ISI 

Hafltiiign. Kiiurvnc'vi, tlrpt Esrl ul Pratbrohe 

aaiH?-IlM8) 1S> 

Haatincfi, S^liua. Counlewi nf lluntiojcdon 

tl70f-1791) m 

BiutlugK, 'rbrojihiiun. seventh KafI tif Hunt- 

Hingdon (lf>M»-170l) Itt 

llBAtinga. Tbt'tna.* v !'-*<> ?-l80| ) . . \M 

Hftjitin^-n, TlixmaAC ^. ]8i:{-l83n . 

Hni-tiiigi., Sir Tbomn.-* ( 17IHt-1870) . 

Hnfiiini.'s WoTcn (17ai-l8l») 

lla^litigH, Winium, Lunl Ilaaliu^^ (14x0 7- 

nu) la 

IfHi.-K E.l<vin, 1> 1>. (1HS5-1KK1)) . . . Itf. 

lUlrhaM. Jolm (1769-1848) . . . .1 

M ildianl.Th-ti)ii»<ia.iilwfn(l8i7-I8iO) . I 

HiAHifr. Hmrv tl7'7<l846) . . .136 



Index to Volume XXV. 



455 



■tchm-. Tboum^ ('/. Iu8<)) . . . Ilil 

liit<h«r. ThomM ( lAxy ?-1»j:; ) . . , 1 62 
Hatrhrtt, rhsrka (17«6?-I8I7) . . .15a 
H»tclirre, ViDCciit (lCOl-1671 ). See 8peti.cr, 

j<t)m. 
Hattit-l.l,J(.t]u(l758'M80S) . . . . lAB 
Untlield. M»Tth« {Jt. IBbi) . . . IM 

Hfttfielrl, Thoniiuof(rf. ISRl) . . IM 

Uilbawitv, Itiohard < Jt. 1702). . ■ .166 
Uatiterlfv, Unl (1801-1881). Sc<> W<»0(I« 

William I'oflir. 
llAtliorton. UoTi\ { 1791-1863). S«f LUtlcton, 

Edward Jubri. 
Hatlmav. Rirhard O 1S(«) .... 167 
Hatapll.Siirllpnrv fHi-ll-WN) . . . \nH 
Hatx-11. .lolin (I7'-);*-l«->t)l . . , IM 

llfltteclvffe. Wjllr<nn \d. H80) . . . IM 
Hiilt(>(-l<ni'. VViliimit (ft. IhOd). SoB aader 

n»ilrrlyili-, William (d, I48fl). 
Hftlli'ii. iv-o aliw Fincli-H«(t(in. 
Hatbm. Sir Cbrislitphtir ( ]5^0-15I)l) . . 15U 
Hnitnn. CbrUtopher. 6nt Lor<i llntton (I60d ?- 

lH7lt> 162 

llniN>ii, Ctiristoptver, tint ViKoaat Ilatton 

()tKi2-17fllS) IiW 

IfattKii.Edwanl (1701-1783) . . .1(14 

Hntt-.n, KranJt (ISlil-IKKS) . . . .161 
IlntiMfi. John Uptrot (I809-1886) , . .165 
Mfiiiuliton.Sir (irnv.-f CliAtn|tD«v (I7iW-IMli) I6*i 
IHaii;:Iil.«i, .Iftme-1 il73;>-lH"3) ' . . . ItW 
Hniiiiliton, JiiliD C4i]|iovB ( t»4[r-1887) . . 16H 
Hniif^hton, McMM, lti<> p'ldf-r ( 17:M-IS4>41. . 16ft 
II-iu„-htot]. MoMi.tht- >t.iirii:«>r(l772?-J848?) 170 
MiKiir'.ioii. Willinm 1 jt I.'iyH) . . ,170 

ll.-)uk^)■.■•^, 1 ninrtv the vMer ((/. I7IH?) . 171 

Ilniik^tM^, FrnnuiN the v<Minfre!r (1667-17113), 

bre Tiniier lluukflbee. f raocln, tha elder. 
HatiVcd. I'et4-r ((J. 16-15) . . . .171 

11aut4>iilIo..ltvhn ilcC^ IIM) . . .17.2 

H«»ard. Willmiii (I7107-177H) . . .172 
Hav«I!, ltot>eit {JL IHWW1840> . . .173 
HHvell, Robert, ihey.iorigrr (Jt. 1H20-1860). 

Set.- uixk-r UkyiJI. U<>b«rl. 
Itavell, WiIlinm(17«J-lHa7) . , , .17-1 
Harelock, Sir lUnrv {179^-1857) . . .174 
llavckck. WillUm (17113-1818) . . .179 
Havcrk-al, FrnDdii Rulk-r ^lN36-lXr9) . . 180 
UavcTk'al. Francii T«bU (1829-1^90). See 

under Hflversal, Willinin ileiir^'. 
HavcTk'&l Henry Koat 1 18'ia-187o) . . IM 
" iaver^ml. WiUinm Ucnrv (17M-1870) . . 181 

[avrrn. Alice. Sec Ullorgan. Mr«. Alice 

{d. isao). 

HaTen, (.'Jocton ((/. 1702) . . . .182 
[l«varshani. Lord (dL 1710). Se6 TbompKin. 

Sir John, 
llavt-rtv, JoM-pb Tatrick (1791-1864) . 
Havertv, Martin (1M09-1H87) . 
Ilavilniid, John (17rC>-lMr>l) , 
Havilnad, Williani (l71»-tfH-l) . 
Jlaviilum). llioman Kh*tt <lc ( 177&-186G). 
Ilaward. Fmnw (I7n!»-1T97) . 



HiiwcH, William. M.D. ( 1786-I80fl) 
Hawwi. William (17K,i-lW»!) . 
Hawfotd. Kdwiinl, D.D. (d. 1.W2) . 
lUwIce. Kdwnrd, I-of1 lUwke (170.'>-17M| i . 
Hawk«:r. K.lwiir.l ( I7«V-18601 

Hnwlier. James f</. 17S7) 

Il.twk«r, Poter f i78C-18i'»:i> . . . . 
HHWkBr. UahpTt, l>.I). (!76:*-l«27» 
Hawkur, Rnhcrt .St^nhvii ( 1^0.1-1^75) . 
Hawkor. Tliitman If/. 17^3?) . . . . 
Hawkc-tliurv, Lont. St-L- JenkiriMin, CUarlw. 

l-jirl or L'iverr.fol i l7-.»7-lHOK). 
Unwkeaworlh. John. LI..D. | 171'j ?-l7;!1) . 
lUwkMwnrrti, Walter ((/. 1606) 
lUwkvv, ,lfbn (17aVI7n!») . . . . 
MawkifiJt. Sir Cft^r (1711-1786) . 
lUwkioN Ciixdr Unn-v ( 1798-1884) 



Hawkins, Edward (17'80.]>t67) 
lUnrkiiw. Major Itobdr (|H»0-]I4M). 



Hi 



1H» 
188 
t«:l 
IHa 

1K4 
1H& 



lUwiird, NichdlAs i /. 1660) .... 

IUwnr.1. Simon (/ I572-16M). See liar- 
war ■!, 

awarden, Edward (1662-1785) . . . IH5 
gawel*. TbotnaA. M.D. ( 17:i-l-lH?0) . 186 

UHe..SirIWnjnml»(l797-l«62) . , .187 

law^fi, Edward (^ Ifi0«> 187 

'iane>. Itichard i 1008V-lti68) . . . lt)7 
4aw.., Kolnrt (1065-17)11) . . . .188 

lUwtti. Stcrhon (rf. Ifif.4 ?) . . . IM 




See 



20.1 
205 

305 
?Olt 
206 
207 



under Hawkltu, K.lward (17MO-imi7). 
HhwMo!!, Edward 1 1789-IH82) . 20K 

lUvrkins.Ero«tt (IPiia-l^rtS) . . . . 2i)l» 
Hawkioa, Krunei* (Iti2*-l';81) . ,210 

llAvrkinn, Francis (I7m-1H77). . , VII 

IUwkiiift,Goor^ nt<<i9-li^:i:f). . . .311 
Hawkins, IlLiirv (i:.7INl648) . . .HI 
Hftwkin^ Janu's ( ltn;2-i72») , . . 1|» 

Hawkins, Jnnies. the ynnnijer {Jl. 1714-1750). 

Sre iindfr HawkiOfs Jam-*. 
Hawkicift or HawkvriR. Sir John (1532-1A05) . 912 
Hawkiits, Jidiu, MM.i/l. IGUa) . . . St» 
Hiiwkin5..S)r,lohn(I719-l7l!<9) . . , tSO 
Hawkins John (I7.'»8?-184l). . . .Ml 
Ha-wkinn, .!ohn Siitnt-v ( 1758-184?) , 2il 

lUwkin-s Ni<hola», U-D. (./, ih-M) . . 232 
Hawkins or HnMkvns, Sir Kicbard (1562?- 

1622) Wt 

Hawkins, Sii*aDnA (1787-!Sfi«) . 22A 

Hawkiii", Thiinms (J. i:i77). Sw Fi^tirr 
Hawkiiw. SirTh..m.i».(.i. 1810) . . .230 
HH«klij<s. Ttintiiii^ (J)^I0-18«1>| . . . S:f7 
Hawkins or lliin-krn-, William (tJ. 1554?) . t27 
Hawkina.ir HaukVns, William (d. I5K0I . 22H 
HnwklDf.or lUnk'vn*, WilliamiX l'^^^) • '^ 
Hawkins, Williiim (ff. I<i:i7) . . . . SBO 
MawkiuBi, William (I67;UI716; . .no 

Hawkins WlUinm ( 1722-lHOI) . . tai 

Hawkaliaw, Benjamin (•/. l7ilH) . SaS 

Hawksmoor. Xlubolu (ltiOI-1T:iO) , . tBt 

Hawkwood.air JnliBde (</. lUlf4) . , tUt 

HawIn.Sir Jidjn fl6i:»-l7l6) . . fl4S 

Hawlcv, Ennicriok MKf7-|M)*;t) , . M 

Hawl«v. Honrv or Hrnn C, ( 1670 ?-17A0> . U» 
Hawley.SirJtwoph Hcurr (181A-IK7A) . , 245 
Hawlev, Thomas (f/. 1.^7) . .245 

Hnworth. Adrian Hnr<U (1767.1831) . .240 
Maworth, Sflinua r rf. IOkS) . . . ,847 
Hnwtrfv, P.d««nrd l.'mven, D.D. ( 178».18(r2) . 247 
IIast)>.'ritumaA((t H?A) . . .240 

H»r, Alexaudrr. I.ord Eattor Kfiniwt(dL 1A94 ) 2&<' 
BmV, Alfxauder. I,«r'l Ncwttti (<£. lAlU), 
SOB Biulsr llay, iVlvxandflr, Lord fC«t*r 
KennvC. 
lUy. AleKandrr (d. IM07 ?) . , . IM 

Hnr. Alaxaiidcr LpUbf fbrmerlr AJexAMltr 
Lviih (I7r.H-IH.t)i). (M uniltr H»f, Sir 
Attdr«w Letlh. 
lUy, Andrew ( 1762-1814) . . . < Ml 
llav.Hlr Androw I,«lth( l7H5-t8e2) . SAI 

lia^. AfL'hlliald I /I- l-vi») . . Mt 

Hav, Artliitr, niiitlt Mun|tiU uf TlM^jiltlii 
("1824-1878). ■"" 



458 



Index to Volume XXV, 



H»v. Uid CharW (J. 17«0) . 
lliV. David RjUMMv (1798-1966) 
Hkv, F^rauni] n/. lADl ) 



Hav. Mwanl (1761 ?-l«S6) 
- loTE 



Ha'> . Knnfl*. ninih Rari of Erral (dl 1631) 



2T0 
*70 



lUv, Sir Georg«,fint Earl uT KinnouU (1572- 

1«IJ 259 

lUv, finirgc, aenntk Eari cf KionouU (<£ 

ITM^ 900 

IUv,SirG«)rK*(i;i&-lT7«> . . . , «60 
Hav. 4i«ori;e, Li.l>. (172!»-1H|1) . . aci 

HmV. Ctrorirr. eighth 31*n(Utt of TwMddtle 

)"1"K.*-1I*76) 2fia 

Kav. SiriiUbert { if. 1456) . 3tH 

HaV. Jam»s ftn.i l-!&rl ufCWluU («L 1086) . 265 

lU^'.Johofl^^K'OT) 1C7 

2Uv,SirJolin(il 16M) Ma 

llav, Jokn, Mcond Earl tnd firtt Uarquu ut 

'fwccadal»(1636.16»7) . StiN 

lUv, U>rd Juha (d. 1706) .... 270 
IIav. John. sooMu] MBr<)gis of Tveeddalu 

rHWi-171.1). ..... 

IIhv. Juhu, IttuLu- Earl uf lovemeM (1691- 

1740) 

llav, Jobn, fourth Marquiit of Tweeddale 

('a:i76«) 371 

Bar. LonJ John (17i».VlH.Ml . .272 

lU'v, I'Ui V. O.uiili^ .ifCarluIt' t lAd9-lti60) . X7< 
TI«v. Slarv C«il ( IMO ?-lH^> . . S74 

HaV. kiobanl Au»;nrtiD« (lt}i>l-]756?) . . 274 
ir«v, Robert 0'W-1863» . . . .276 

Hav, Thuuua. ri|£hlh Kari nf KtaDOoll (1710- 

l'7*r7) 276 

llav, William, fifth Uml Yater \4. 1576) . 276 
HaV. Willinm (lti^^i;^.>) . . . .277 
lt«'\a. Sir liitU-rt ^\f (d. IBO) . . .27^ 
llBvdnv,Jaitteft(l7i«-1872) . . . .270 

|l>Vdaii.ni!«rKe(il l'>3) . . . - :r79 
llaVdn. Jopeph idi 1856> . . .279 

, tiaVd.Hrk. Ucoi^ Leo (1774-t«49) . . .271) 
lUvrlnck ur Haddock. UichanL D.D. (1&&2 >~ 

, I'fioa) 280 

LBavdoek. Richard ( fl. 1605) . .281 

■naVdoek, R0((«r(16l4-lC96» . .281 

H«Vdw:k,Tlioiaa»(1772-l8;>9) . .28^ 

HaVdock, WiiliaiiMrf. t.S«:) . . ,282 

llaviluQ. Si>c al»u llevdt>n. 

lljiVdtm. IlenJAinin Kobert (17M-1646) . . iSH 
UnVdoa. Fnnik So<tt ( 1 SiS-l hS; ). See under 

llNvdun. (V-i\tamiii Hultprt. 
Iln^d-m. Kr.-.i.rirk W..rd«w..rih (1827-1886). 

}W endfir llnMloD, BcnJAuiin ICobvrt. 
]U.v(»,Mt«.UUi>rin«(169i>-172S). .288 

Uaj'c*} Catberim, afterwarda Oalfaerino Buah- 

, oell(l«96-186l> JKH 

|B«Tca,Cbarl«a (167tU1760) . . . 2w!l 

^arw, Edmund ^lMM-1867) .... 21^1 
HnVea. Sir GeofR* (i805-Ht69) . . . XW) 
llaMM, John (1776-lt«H} .... I'DO 
Ba'vM, JoliD(L786?-1866) . . .291 

Hai-M, Sir Johu Macuaoiara, M.D. (1750?- i 

I'xoS) 291 

H^r^S Michael Ancvio (1830-1877) . . 292 I 
Haraisl'hJUp (1788-1797) . . 2»2 I 

Have*. Winiaia(17U6-1777) . . . 'J!9A \ 

ilavu, William, the voua4,*iT (W'(2-I790). I 

;4ec under U«%'M, William (17U6-1777). 
HttvcN Wimnm'( ^. 1794 1 . . . .293 
HovK«rlh, John (i:4(>-l827) . . . . 2W , 
Hnvlev,Kubert((/. 1770?) . . . . 295 i 
Bavlej-, TbonuM Al|tboiiso ( 1780-1800) . . 2»5 



I navlov. WillUui (1745-1820) 
Ha> lit'or Hale>, John (d. 1679) 
tlaymaii. Fnuirit (170H-1776) 
HavmaD, Kubert {d. 1681 ?) . 
nnVman, Samuel ( 1A18-1886) 
HHvmt) ur )faiiii<» (</. 1054) 
Havmouf Knvcr<>faim (if. 1244) 
HoMie^ThoinaA (158-2-1645) . 
Hayneur lUvoes. William (d. 1631 7) 
navn«a. See bIm IlalncK. 
Haynw, Roptim (1672 ?-I749) 
H»yrKa,JoliD (J. 1664) . 
Mai-nM, John (Jf. 17ai'-I750). 
UavDca, Jow(>h (iL 1701 ). Sea Haiuea. 
IUyn«a.Jo!Wfih |17i>0-1«:!9) . 
Hayiie^ Samuel (tl. 1752) 
Ha>ni»wurtli. Williarii (iic.1659) 
Hnrtftr.Charlm < 1761-1)^5) . 
HaVter, Sir 4;(ior):« (17^2-1871 ) 
llaMer, John (l7JC-l»t|8) 
Ha\-ter. Ri<.hard {ltil\ ?-16H4) 
Uayter. TbiKna* (1702-1762) . 
riavtrr. Sir William (infMl<*noii);h (ir93>I67d) < 
HnVthuru«,Sir Kdniiind (Itm-lsSS) 
HrtyUi-y. fclward (./. I7t.vi?) . 
Ha\-w»rd, Abraham (IHOl-lMU . 
llttV-ward, Sir John (liiU?-16i:) - 
Hai-want, ThumR^(i/. 1779?). 
Havward, Ttioina-- (170'.'-17H1 ). See under 

Aavwsnl, Thumas (ff. 1779?). 
lla}irard. Sir nmniaa (i;4.'1-1793 ). S«e 

nadnr Ilavwan). Tliotiuu {d. 1779?). 
HavwDod. M rx. Uioa ( Hi93 ?- 1 756 ) 
HaywTMj, William ( IG»>I> ?-l66;i) , 
HaodditM*. VVilliain (17iKl-1840) . 
niulchur^t. Thonias ( JL 1760-1818) 
HaJiU w.K*i, Odin !l«irv ( IH-.'.VI«75) , . I 
Hazlitl, WiUiaru (1778^18.^0) . . .1 

Hend. Sir Edmuad Walker 1 1806-1868) . 
Head. Sir KmiiL'ts tfcMid ( 179S-l»f7o) . . 1 
Head. Sir lieor^ (1782-1856) . { 

I Hnotl. Cuv (dL IHDO) I 

Head. Kicbard(lG:i77-168«?) . . . ; 

Heoddn, Saint. See lleddL 

HeaUiim. Thoau» Einurson (lBlS-1875) 

llradlpv. lU-on f176.V1788) . 

H»-«1J, .Urn.:- ( i;i»t^-1873) 

HrnM. Willinni Mnrifebon (1767 .1887) . 

HraJde, TLomat), M.D. (17M ?-1789) 

llealu. William (l.^Ml ?-1627) 

H<-Alrv. J..hn ((LltilO) . 

H(>ji|ihv. 1 'luirlc* ( 1 KJ 1 ?-l K81 ) 

H«a]diy, 'Ibumtu. tbv •ilder (17r5-18SS) 

Ht'aphv. Tli-iQias, ihe vfjurv;er (181S-1878) • S3I 

Heard, Sir Iwiac < I7a<'>-I822) . . . . U4 

H•^an). Williniii C fl 1778) . . . . 331 

Hesrder. Jonathan ( 181U-I8T6 ) . . , S3< 

Hcara. Wiltiaui Ednnrd. tL.D. (1826-1888) . 535 

lli-Amr., Saninel (1745-171*2) . . . .935 

licanit,'niumiu>(1);78-I7S&) . . , Itt 

Heame, Tbouus ( 1744-1817) . . . . Mt 

Hvatli, Bamamin (1704-1766) . . .139 

Heat}i.Cbarl» (1761-18I]!) . 

Healli, nmrl«(l785-l**4*i) . 

Hcadi, <lm-i<.f.li*r (Il*<t2-1K7(>) . 

Heath. Punbar Uidorv (1816-1888) 

Heatlt, Henr\- (15<)I^l64S) . 

HaaUt, Janu^ (I6i9-I664) 

Heath. Jaiiks (]7&7-]8.'H) . 

Heath, John (jl. 1615) . 

Uealb, John (1786-1816) 

Heath. XicboUa (1501 ?-1679). 



^ 



Index to Volume XXV. 



457 



I 



PAOK 

HeAtli. RictmrtUd. 17021 . . . . MQ 
Hrsth. Sir HotK-KCiriTA-ieVJ) . MG 

Hcitli, Kobert ( /. HJiiO) . MV 

HettUi, Robert (rf. 1779) 349 

Heutli.Thoniai (A 15M)) . . .350 

Heailwoftt. JoIm'tlTftMKfJi) . , . , aftO 
HuthcoU, HirCiltxTt (ItlM ?-17S3) . Bfil 

Heatbeot«. Ralph (1721-179A) . . . »53 
Unuber nr lleyther, W'illUm ( ir>6S?-l627) . 354 
Butberington,' AluftDilpr ((7. 1878} . SitS 

Ueathfield, Lnrd. See Rlintt, G«^rf^ Au^uHtiiK 

(1717-lTMi). 
Hmton. CieDicnt (18:H-1882) . 85o 

Heaton, Mr5. Man Mur^nrt-t (lS3fi-l683) . 85A 
Hcbor, Kt-ffinnl.l il78-1-iM-»t!) , . . .865 
Helwr, Kich«ril (n7;i-i**a;i) . . . aft7 

H«beT(l<>n, William. t)it> I'lder (1710-lMI ) . 369 
Heberdtn. William, the voonger (17fi7-I»45) . 860 
Iteoht, F,.liiar(l n«32-l887) . . . S61 

Hcdfli, Ilad.li, HaMiaa. or £t\n {il. 70.'j) . SGI 

Hedilius, Stephen (jf. tKI9 }. 8m Eddi. 
B^gai, Sir ('liarlv< (<A 17U) .... SQ'i 
HcdKM, Sir WiUimii (1632-1701) . . .303 
Hedler, William (1779-ltKS) . . . .361 
Hmnskerk, Egbert vim (1645-1704) . 8Gb 

Heere, LDoae van (1634-1 .'>84). Sn De Ileere. 
Heet«, Robert, or Robert of Woodstock (i/. 

1428) 366 

Ile^at, William ( /I. 1600) . . .3*16 

He^ce, Robert (lftJ>»-lfi291 . . . .866 
HeidecKcr, Jobu Jamos (IC59?-1749) . . SC7 
Hci^'ham, Sir Clem«Tit (d. 1570) . . 36S 

Ileiifbnm. John < fi. 16J9) . .368 

HeiKhin^toii, MusfirnvK ^ I6!»0-1774 ?) . . StiS 
Heiiii, John Thofwioro (17:^-1771) . . S69 

llele, Sir John (I. '.(16- 1 WW) . . .870 

HW« fir IIoll. Thomas l>' (1740?-1780). Sen 

llflleft. 
Hcllier. Ileorv flfi62?-lC97) . . . .870 

Hrllins John iJ. 1^^7) 871 

Ifellowas Edward ( fl. 1&74-1G0O) . * .871 
Utimta, Thomas [ti, 1616). Sm ToDatal, 

ThonuuL 
Hdmora, Tbomai i 1811-1690) .371 

Helps. Sir Arthur (1813-1876) . .872 

Hdaham, BIchtrd, U.D. (I68S ?-I7S8) . . 873 
Helwya, Edward Ijl. 1689). Sm undtr 

[lelwA, Thomas. 
llrlwvBi .Sir (iervHSK ( 1.'^6I-I6I5) . . .378 
HelwV^ThuiiiD» (15.^0?-lGl6?t . . .875 
Helv-HiitchiDAnn, Chrirt«pher (17(>7-lftW) . 876 
Hriy-Hutcbinson, Juhn (1724-17114) . . 376 
Ilclv-IJiitc-binwtn, Juha, lliiroti nutrhitiN)Q, 

a/tfrwAnU .ifcond Karl of Dimoughmon^ 

0767-18^2) 878 

Hfrly-Jlutcbfnaon. Jnhn. third Earl of 

IJoDoa^binore (17S7-1H5I) . . .880 

Uelv-IlatchinitoD. Rirbsrd. Hrat Earl of 

I>oiinuKhmorB {Ubit-MfZlt) . . . .881 

IVlvar, John (J*. 1W<) 381 

Hcnians I'bnrW IMdnrr ( IA17-187R) . :i8^ 

llt:maii». Felicia Durothea (17^3-1886) . . 382 
Hfioiiag, E*tniund {jt. lB!t6) . . . 8tt4 i 

HdmintdC or Hraitni&({e, John (rf. 1630) . . 884 
HftadiiK 01- HcuHiiiDut', William (^. ICSV) . 385 I 
Hcnniif^fnnl or Ilfmuii^bur^'h, \\ niter dc (Jt. ' 

. B85 
. 888 



i:iOil), alHocaili-d Wnlit-r de (itKbum 
Uvaimmgi/L 1096) 



raoa 

EiniiMl. Charles or Carl Frederick (1811- 

l«fi7) 386 

I1eii)p«l. CharlM William (1777-185S) . . 887 
Hemphill, rtarbara (rf. 1858) . . . .887 
McDiPbill, Samuel(d. 1741} . . . .887 
Ileochmao, ITiiraphrev, D.6. (1692-1576) . S88 
Ileiichmon, HumphrEtv (1(i«^0-17K9) , 890 

Hwiriorscra. Alexander ( LlsS ?-1646) . . 890 
Hcndermin. Alexander ( 178U-IH63) . .896 

lltindenwn, Andrew (7/- 1734-1775) . 895 

llandcrmn. Andrew i;i783-H<i5) . . .806 
llendcrwD, CharW CiH>per (1803-1877). . 896 
llenderaoa, Kbetiezer, the I'Ider (1784-1868) . »97 
HendaraoQ. EbeDe7.cr,tbr voiinKCr(]M9-I879) 398 
liender»oii,<;eorp-(178:ul«.^.'i) .398 

HetKionmn, Jamoa (17«:H'-1«48) . . .399 
II(?DdLTiM)n, John (1747-1785) .... 8t)9 
lleniU'nwn, John (1757-1788) . . . .401 
Hendenwii. John ( IHOl-lSdi') . . .402 

Henderson. Johu (17H(I-18(".7J . . .403 

nenaDn»f.n. John (1797-18785 . ■ • *03 

llenderann or Heurvson, Robert (1430 P- 

16l«?). See HenrVson. 
Hcndcraon. Tlioinns (I7H8-IH44) . . .404 
lleoderHon, Witliniii, M.D. (181l>-187i) . . 406 
Hentlley, William (1(391 ?-1724) . .407 

Hi>nc-age, (Jeorire (J. 1549). Sen under 

Mwieage. Sir Thomas (rf. 1695). 
Ueueagi!. Micliul (1510-1(100). See and«r 

HoDcage. Sir Tbnmaa (rf. 1596). 
Hcneag:c. Sir Thnina*. rhe eld«- (rf. 1563), 

See under Henuajtrv, Sir Tbomsa (rf, 1696). 
Ftooeif^ Sir Thoma9(rf. 1595) . .407 

Heafrev, Arthur ( IH19-1859) .409 

llt-nfrey. Henrv WiUiam (lM62-t8Rl) . . 410 
Hvn^'hani or Itirigham, Italph de (rf. ISU) . 410 

Hi'riKlsl (rf. 4ft«) 411 

Heopltr, l-rederick Cburle« (1820-1887) . 418 

Heiiler, Baroa*. 800 Eden, Morton, 6rst 
Uaroii (1752-188')}: Ed«a, Robert Usolev, 
i»BooDd Itaron (I789-1K4I). 
Heiiltv, Autbunr (rf!. 1711) . . . .418 
Henley, John (1692-1756), generalW knuwu 

aa Ornlor Ilenlev . . . . ' . . 414 
Hunlcv, Joscpb Wanu:i (1793-1884) . . 416 
Henley, Fh-^pion I \72V~l7Ri) . . . . 4t<t 
Hwilev. Robert, tir«t Earl of NrnlhinfitoH 

(17it«?-i77?) 417 

llviilev, Ruber^ Aocond Earl of Nortbingtuu 

0747-1786} 419 

Honlev. Samuel. D.IX (1740-1816). . 42lt 

Il4-uley, Waller de (^ 1250) . . . .4211 
Hentev nr llenlv. William (/. 1776) . 421 

Henlrr, Willim^ ThoimtM ( I8ia?-1882). . 421 
llenii, Tbouia« Rice ( 1M9-1880) . . iti 

H'-nnMlv. H<iger (1809-1H77) . . . .422 
Ht-niiell. eiiarlu CbriMian (1899-1860) . . 42S 
Hi-utiell. Mary(1(*Oi!-I84B) . . ,424 

Hennen. John, M.D. (1779-1828} . .424 

IIeiin(t<»y, Willintn MiUDnell { l$29-18r>9) . 424 
Honniker, Sir FrMrrick tI7;Kl-I«2j) . . 4l!5 
llcniiikcr-U^jiir, John, Kirtiuil LaihI Ueniuku' 

(I752-It«l> 425 

HctinLnK. •fuhn (1771-1861) . . . .426 
Uenrietta or Heonetta AlllK^ I>uch«M uf Or- 

lenni. I t(>14-lti70) 486 

HenrictiA Maria 1 1609-1(160) .... 4'/9 
Heurvl (U)ett-1l35} 486 



EK1> OP THK T^EKTr-rifTH TOLVUB. 



VOL. ZXT. 



D a 




o 




STANFORD UNtVERSfTY LIBRARIES 
STANFORD, CALIFORNIA 94305-6004
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Full text of "Dictionary of national biography"

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